e waste management assignment

E-waste Recycling and Management

Present Scenarios and Environmental Issues

• © 2020
• Anish Khan 0 ,
• Inamuddin 1 ,
• Abdullah M. Asiri 2

Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

• Covers the latest topic of e-waste management and recycling
• Discusses the real world impact of e-waste
• Hands-on approach encouraging the experiment to generate new products from waste
• Includes insight into the global trends of the e-waste generation

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World (ECSW, volume 33)

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Table of contents (12 chapters)

Front matter, solution and challenges in recycling waste cathode-ray tube.

• Shahriar Shams

Reconfigurable Recycling Systems of E-waste

• Piotr Nowakowski

An Economic Assessment of Present and Future Electronic-Waste Streams: Japan’s Experience

• Hitoshi Hayami, Masao Nakamura

Recent Technologies in Electronic-Waste Management

• Mohamed Aboughaly, Hossam A. Gabbar

Recycling Challenges for Electronic Consumer Products to E-Waste: A Developing Countries’ Perspective

• Patricia Guarnieri, Lúcio Camara e Silva, Lúcia Helena Xavier, Gisele Lorena Diniz Chaves

Chemical Recycling of Electronic-Waste for Clean Fuel Production

• Jayaseelan Arun, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath

Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in European Union Countries: A Comparison

• Isabel Narbón-Perpiñá, Diego Prior

E-Waste Management from Macroscopic to Microscopic Scale

• Chukwudi O. Onwosi, Victor C. Igbokwe, Tochukwu N. Nwagu, Joyce N. Odimba, Charles O. Nwuche

Recycling Processes for the Recovery of Metal from E-waste of the LED Industry

• Emanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos, Tamires Augustin da Silveira, Angéli Viviani Colling, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes, Feliciane Andrade Brehm

E-waste Management and the Conservation of Geochemical Scarce Resources

• Tamires Augustin da Silveira, Emanuele Caroline Araújo dos Santos, Angéli Viviani Colling, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes, Feliciane Andrade Brehm

Sustainable Electronic-Waste Management: Implications on Environmental and Human Health

• K. Grace Pavithra, Panneer Selvam Sundar Rajan, D. Balaji, K. P. Gopinath

E-waste and Their Implications on the Environment and Human Health

• Barkha Vaish, Bhavisha Sharma, Pooja Singh, Rajeev Pratap Singh

Back Matter

• E-waste management
• E-waste recycling
• Environmental impacts of e-waste
• Chemical recycling
• Sustainable e-waste management
• electronic waste
• cathode-ray tube
• Human Health
• Geochemical scarce resources

About this book

This book gives up-to-date information and broad views on e-waste recycling and management using the latest techniques for industrialist and academicians. It describes the problems of e-waste generated by all global living communities and its impact on our ecosystems and discusses recycling techniques in detail to reduce its effect as well as proper management of e-waste to save the environment. It also considers future technological expectations from e-waste recycling and management technologies. 

Editors and Affiliations

Inamuddin, Abdullah M. Asiri

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : E-waste Recycling and Management

Book Subtitle : Present Scenarios and Environmental Issues

Editors : Anish Khan, Inamuddin, Abdullah M. Asiri

Series Title : Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14184-4

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Earth and Environmental Science , Earth and Environmental Science (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-14183-7 Published: 14 June 2019

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-14186-8 Published: 15 August 2020

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-14184-4 Published: 04 June 2019

Series ISSN : 2213-7114

Series E-ISSN : 2213-7122

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XIII, 235

Number of Illustrations : 28 b/w illustrations, 29 illustrations in colour

Topics : Waste Management/Waste Technology , Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering , Environmental Management

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5.5. E-waste stream management

There are reasons to separate the electronics waste stream:

• rapid growth of the electronic manufacturing volume, market, and rapid change in technology resulting in new products
• complexity of electronic products, which requires special approach in recycling
• use of rare and precious metals and compounds, many of which should be recovered
• presence of toxic chemicals and other substances of environmental concern
• opportunities of efficient material and component reuse

Electronics recycling, computers for instance, is essentially a process of breaking down the final product back to components (some of which can be reused) and initial raw materials (such as copper, gold, silver, other metals, plastics). Because of significant load of technological product with heavy metals and toxic compounds (e.g., mercury, cadmium, lead, flame retardants), discarded electronics are classified as hazardous waste . Hence, recycling also requires strict measures of environmental safety.

Reading Assignment:

The following article provides a concise overview of current practices to handle electronic waste in the United States and specifically investigates the health implications and policies required to mitigate the negative impacts. The article contains statistic data on specific parts and components in electronics that are subject to recycling and shows their linkage to chemical resource lifecycles:

Seeberger, J., et al., Special Report: E-Waste Management in the United States and Public Health Implications , Journal of Environmental Health , vol. 79, pp. 8-16 (2016). 

This paper is available online through the Penn State Library system. Students registered for the course can also access it in Canvas.

Try to find the answers to the following questions, while reading: 

• What chemical elements used in electronic products present the highest risk to the public health?
• Can we assume from the EPA data in Figure 2 that e-recycling industry grew in the US and technologies became more efficient?
• What kind of policies need to be adopted to streamline safe disposal of the electronic waste?

There are companies and government programs that take on the challenge of responsible recycling of electronic products; for example, watch this short video about how Liquid Technology helps companies manage their e-waste while protecting the environment from hazardous materials:

Video: How Does Computer Recycling Work? (1:17)

PRESENTER: --decisions. What computer should we buy? And probably even more challenging-- what should we do with the old ones? When it comes to disposal, a lot is at stake. Despite recent improvements, electronics are still made with toxic materials. For example, monitor glass and circuit boards contain large quantities of lead, which cause birth defects, nervous system disorders, and brain dysfunction, especially in children. Other very-toxic metals, such as mercury, beryllium, and cadmium, are found in the equipment as well. The plastics also are a problem, as they contain highly-polluting flame retardants. Apart from the environmental and health impacts, there are other risks. Unless we take great care to totally erase our very-confidential data stored in our computers, digital assistants, and cell phones, our privacy is at risk. Businesses become vulnerable to the loss of intellectual property or confidential customer data, which can lead to criminal and civil liabilities that can cost millions. Most individuals and companies want to dispose of their e-waste responsibly, so they seek out an electronics recycler or asset recovery company. Unfortunately, all too often these e-waste recyclers are not recyclers at all. SARAH WESTERVELT: We've all seen these claims of electronics recyclers and asset recovery companies who will tell you they are diverting this equipment from landfills, they're in compliance with all regulations, and they are using environmentally sound recycling. But the fact is that US and Canadian regulations do not adequately cover this toxic waste stream. So we have plenty of companies who are simply loading up seagoing containers and sell it to the highest bidder, frequently to countries in Africa and Asia. So they're getting rich at the expense of your goodwill, and your data security, and ultimately human health and the environment. PRESENTER: Few had witnessed the cyber age nightmare in China until the Basel Action Network-- BAN-- had set an investigative team to Guangdong Province in 2001. Since it began receiving its first load of imported e-waste about 12 years ago, the Chinese township area of Guiyu has been transformed from a small rice-growing village into a bustling, sprawling junkyard for much of the world's electronic waste. BAN revisited the scene again in 2008, only to find that things had gotten far worse. In the Guiyu area, one can find whole villages of migrant workers from China's rural regions living among the piles of e-waste. They sort computer components and openly burn them in fields or large indoor fireplaces, releasing toxic smoke and ash. Toner powder is inhaled as it's swept by hand from cracked, discarded printer cartridges. Thousands of people are employed cooking circuit boards over coal-fired burners, breathing in the lead tin solder vapors for hours on end as they pluck the chips off the boards. The chips are then taken in buckets to primitive acid stripping operations along the riverways where hot acid baths are used to extract tiny fractions of gold while workers breathe the toxic fumes and flush residues right into the river. Computer monitors are cracked open, and leaded glass is dumped into old irrigation ditches. All of the well water in Guiyu is now contaminated. Samples taken by BAN in the local river revealed levels of lead 2,400 times the World Health Organization's threshold level for drinking water. And since BAN's first visit, scientists have conducted further analyses of human hair, water, sediments, and rice, and have recorded some of the highest levels of dioxins, brominated flame retardants, heavy metals, and other pollutants ever discovered anywhere on earth. BAN's next investigative assignment took them to Lagos, Nigeria, a sprawling metropolis and port for much of West Africa. Computers and other IT equipment increasingly arrive on African shores from Europe and America, ostensibly to be sold in the marketplace to be re-used. Exporters can claim that this practice extends the lives of computers, helps the poor, and allows them to bridge the digital divide. Unfortunately, the vast majority of computers, televisions, monitors, and printers that arrive in Lagos each month were found to be nonfunctional and non-repairable. They end up stacked in cavernous warehouses, or more often dumped near residential areas and burned, releasing persistent highly-toxic pollutants into the air and water. JOHN OBORO: I would tell you that we have greater percentage of those that cannot be used than those that can be used. Honestly speaking, I would say 75% of these items are not usable. OLADELE OSIBANJO: The gases are very hazardous. There are no shields. They contain toxic components. They are quite carcinogenic substances. And the incidence of such terrible diseases like cancer is very high now in Nigeria. Hazardous waste should not go from developed to developing. So the exporting country must put in strict controls and follow their own regulatory regime. If we are talking of a global village, a common future, a common destiny for all the peoples of the world, it is only fair-- morally right-- to be sure that all sides are safe at the end of the day. PRESENTER: It's not difficult to learn the identities of those that are careless about the eventual impact of their techno trash. Brand names and institutional asset tags sometimes remain on the equipment. But even when tags have been peeled off, it can be shocking to find what is hidden below the surface. As part of its investigation into the origins of e-waste found in Nigeria, BAN purchased secondhand hard drives in the market and sent them to a cyber investigative service located in Zurich, Switzerland. GUIDO RUDOLPHI: It's child's play to recover them. And so after only a little bit of time that you have to invest, you can find a lot-- a tremendous lot of data on those files from the former users. For the companies it's very risky. They cannot track back what they are distributing all over the world. You find confidential material on those hard drives, calculations, CVs from employees, private mail-- so, a lot of stuff that really, really shouldn't get out of their hands. PRESENTER: The trade in toxic wastes leaves the poor people of the world with an untenable choice between poverty and poison, a choice that nobody should have to make. In 1989, the global community came together in Basel, Switzerland to sign an international treaty designed to stop the international dumping of toxic waste. And in 1995, the Basel Convention passed a full ban on the export of hazardous wastes, including electronic waste from developed countries to developing countries. All 27 European countries have already made it illegal to ship toxic waste to developing countries for any reason. But to date, the US is the only developed country in the world that has not ratified the Basel Convention. And in fact, the United States and Canada continue to actively work to undermine the waste export ban. Meanwhile, unscrupulous recyclers have taken advantage of the uneven playing field and freely export massive volumes of electronic waste each year while their governments look the other way. It was for this reason that BAN together with the Electronics TakeBack Coalition created the e-Stewards initiative. SARAH WESTERVELT: The federal government has been horribly negligent by failing to control toxic waste exports to developing countries. So we've had to turn to the best players in the industry who are willing to go well beyond compliance. e-Stewards are North American recyclers and asset recovery companies who have agreed to the highest level of responsible recycling and reuse. PRESENTER: One of these companies is Redemtech, based in Columbus, Ohio. ROBERT HOUGHTON: We've built our business around doing the right thing socially and environmentally. Since we need to operate safe and secure facilities, pay our associates a living wage, we've invested in technology to ensure that every bit of customer data is reliably eradicated and that every pound of e-waste is properly recycled. I'm encouraged that when people learn about the toxic trade in scrap electronics they want to work with responsible recyclers. But it's not easy telling the good from the bad. e-Stewards are willing and able to prove that they're operating responsibly. And people that care must insist on that accounting. PRESENTER: Now, thanks to the e-Stewards Initiative, finding a globally-responsible electronics recycling or asset recovery company is easy. The next task is to enlist all consumers, large and small, to do the right thing and agree to make exclusive use of these leaders and avoid the laggards in the industry. The real answer surely lies not in passing our electronic waste to those least able to deal with it, but in responsibly refurbishing or recycling it here at home.

However, currently existing programs of sorting / disassembly are hardly sufficient. The problem is that current computer and other electronic products are not designed to be recycled. End-of-life disassembly and recovery of pure materials is a tedious and expensive process. Few companies manage to build an effective infrastructure for electronic recycling. Even if responsible recycling practices exist, they hardly keep up with growing market for electronics and accelerating e-waste accumulation pace.

Unfortunately, there are businesses that find it more profitable to export the electronic waste overseas to developing countries. This practice, highly non-sustainable on the global scale and harmful to local population and environment, is an ugly illustration of shifting the environmental burden from one part of the global system to another:

For example, this video contains graphic illustrations of such irresponsible “recycling”.

Video: Responsible e-waste recycling: Basel Action Network E-Waste Film (10:00)

PRESENTER: --decisions. What computer should we buy? And probably even more challenging-- what should we do with the old ones?

When it comes to disposal, a lot is at stake. Despite recent improvements, electronics are still made with toxic materials. For example, monitor glass and circuit boards contain large quantities of lead, which cause birth defects, nervous system disorders, and brain dysfunction, especially in children. Other very-toxic metals, such as mercury, beryllium, and cadmium, are found in the equipment as well. The plastics also are a problem, as they contain highly-polluting flame retardants.

Apart from the environmental and health impacts, there are other risks. Unless we take great care to totally erase our very-confidential data stored in our computers, digital assistants, and cell phones, our privacy is at risk. Businesses become vulnerable to the loss of intellectual property or confidential customer data, which can lead to criminal and civil liabilities that can cost millions.

Most individuals and companies want to dispose of their e-waste responsibly, so they seek out an electronics recycler or asset recovery company. Unfortunately, all too often these e-waste recyclers are not recyclers at all.

SARAH WESTERVELT: We've all seen these claims of electronics recyclers and asset recovery companies who will tell you they are diverting this equipment from landfills, they're in compliance with all regulations, and they are using environmentally sound recycling. But the fact is that US and Canadian regulations do not adequately cover this toxic waste stream. So we have plenty of companies who are simply loading up seagoing containers and sell it to the highest bidder, frequently to countries in Africa and Asia. So they're getting rich at the expense of your goodwill, and your data security, and ultimately human health and the environment.

PRESENTER: Few had witnessed the cyber age nightmare in China until the Basel Action Network-- BAN-- had set an investigative team to Guangdong Province in 2001. Since it began receiving its first load of imported e-waste about 12 years ago, the Chinese township area of Guiyu has been transformed from a small rice-growing village into a bustling, sprawling junkyard for much of the world's electronic waste. BAN revisited the scene again in 2008, only to find that things had gotten far worse.

In the Guiyu area, one can find whole villages of migrant workers from China's rural regions living among the piles of e-waste. They sort computer components and openly burn them in fields or large indoor fireplaces, releasing toxic smoke and ash. Toner powder is inhaled as it's swept by hand from cracked, discarded printer cartridges. Thousands of people are employed cooking circuit boards over coal-fired burners, breathing in the lead tin solder vapors for hours on end as they pluck the chips off the boards.

The chips are then taken in buckets to primitive acid stripping operations along the riverways where hot acid baths are used to extract tiny fractions of gold while workers breathe the toxic fumes and flush residues right into the river. Computer monitors are cracked open, and leaded glass is dumped into old irrigation ditches.

All of the well water in Guiyu is now contaminated. Samples taken by BAN in the local river revealed levels of lead 2,400 times the World Health Organization's threshold level for drinking water. And since BAN's first visit, scientists have conducted further analyses of human hair, water, sediments, and rice, and have recorded some of the highest levels of dioxins, brominated flame retardants, heavy metals, and other pollutants ever discovered anywhere on earth.

BAN's next investigative assignment took them to Lagos, Nigeria, a sprawling metropolis and port for much of West Africa. Computers and other IT equipment increasingly arrive on African shores from Europe and America, ostensibly to be sold in the marketplace to be re-used. Exporters can claim that this practice extends the lives of computers, helps the poor, and allows them to bridge the digital divide.

Unfortunately, the vast majority of computers, televisions, monitors, and printers that arrive in Lagos each month were found to be nonfunctional and non-repairable. They end up stacked in cavernous warehouses, or more often dumped near residential areas and burned, releasing persistent highly-toxic pollutants into the air and water.

JOHN OBORO: I would tell you that we have greater percentage of those that cannot be used than those that can be used. Honestly speaking, I would say 75% of these items are not usable.

OLADELE OSIBANJO: The gases are very hazardous. There are no shields. They contain toxic components. They are quite carcinogenic substances. And the incidence of such terrible diseases like cancer is very high now in Nigeria. Hazardous waste should not go from developed to developing. So the exporting country must put in strict controls and follow their own regulatory regime. If we are talking of a global village, a common future, a common destiny for all the peoples of the world, it is only fair-- morally right-- to be sure that all sides are safe at the end of the day.

PRESENTER: It's not difficult to learn the identities of those that are careless about the eventual impact of their techno trash. Brand names and institutional asset tags sometimes remain on the equipment. But even when tags have been peeled off, it can be shocking to find what is hidden below the surface. As part of its investigation into the origins of e-waste found in Nigeria, BAN purchased secondhand hard drives in the market and sent them to a cyber investigative service located in Zurich, Switzerland.

GUIDO RUDOLPHI: It's child's play to recover them. And so after only a little bit of time that you have to invest, you can find a lot-- a tremendous lot of data on those files from the former users. For the companies it's very risky. They cannot track back what they are distributing all over the world. You find confidential material on those hard drives, calculations, CVs from employees, private mail-- so, a lot of stuff that really, really shouldn't get out of their hands.

PRESENTER: The trade in toxic wastes leaves the poor people of the world with an untenable choice between poverty and poison, a choice that nobody should have to make. In 1989, the global community came together in Basel, Switzerland to sign an international treaty designed to stop the international dumping of toxic waste. And in 1995, the Basel Convention passed a full ban on the export of hazardous wastes, including electronic waste from developed countries to developing countries. All 27 European countries have already made it illegal to ship toxic waste to developing countries for any reason. But to date, the US is the only developed country in the world that has not ratified the Basel Convention. And in fact, the United States and Canada continue to actively work to undermine the waste export ban. Meanwhile, unscrupulous recyclers have taken advantage of the uneven playing field and freely export massive volumes of electronic waste each year while their governments look the other way. It was for this reason that BAN together with the Electronics TakeBack Coalition created the e-Stewards initiative.

SARAH WESTERVELT: The federal government has been horribly negligent by failing to control toxic waste exports to developing countries. So we've had to turn to the best players in the industry who are willing to go well beyond compliance. e-Stewards are North American recyclers and asset recovery companies who have agreed to the highest level of responsible recycling and reuse.

PRESENTER: One of these companies is Redemtech, based in Columbus, Ohio.

ROBERT HOUGHTON: We've built our business around doing the right thing socially and environmentally. Since we need to operate safe and secure facilities, pay our associates a living wage, we've invested in technology to ensure that every bit of customer data is reliably eradicated and that every pound of e-waste is properly recycled. I'm encouraged that when people learn about the toxic trade in scrap electronics they want to work with responsible recyclers. But it's not easy telling the good from the bad. e-Stewards are willing and able to prove that they're operating responsibly. And people that care must insist on that accounting.

PRESENTER: Now, thanks to the e-Stewards Initiative, finding a globally-responsible electronics recycling or asset recovery company is easy. The next task is to enlist all consumers, large and small, to do the right thing and agree to make exclusive use of these leaders and avoid the laggards in the industry. The real answer surely lies not in passing our electronic waste to those least able to deal with it, but in responsibly refurbishing or recycling it here at home. /p>

So, what are possible sustainable solutions to address the root of the e-waste problem?

• Design devices with environmentally benign components and chemicals.
• Design computers and other fast-rotating systems easily recyclable (to cut cost and increase process efficiency).

"Instead of assuming that all products are to be bought, owned, and disposed of by “consumers”, products containing valuable technical nutrients – cars, televisions, carpeting, computers, and refrigerators, for example – would be preconceived as services people want to enjoy. In this scenario, customers would effectively purchase a service of such a product for a defined user period – say, then thousand hours of television viewing, rather than the television itself. They would not be paying for complex materials that they won’t be able to use after a product’s current life. When they finish with the product, or are simply ready to upgrade to a newer version, the manufacturer replaces it, taking the old model back, breaking it down, and using its complex materials as food for new products." [McDonough and Braungart, 2002]

Currently in the US, many states have active policies to regulate the e-waste. Different models suggest imposing fees to finance e-waste recycling onto various entities – consumers, manufacturers, municipalities. There are also different mechanisms to facilitate collection and processing of the e-waste. Some examples are given in the following reading:

Supplemental Reading:

Want to learn more? This following article provides a detailed overview of materials to be recovered from the consumer electronics and methods involved in management of this growing waste stream:

Solid Waste Technology & Management, Christensen, T., Ed., Wiley and Sons., 2011. Chapter 11.2. “Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment”, Bigum, M. and Christensen, T.H., pp. 960-968.

This book is available online through PSU Library system.

Check Your Understanding

Apparently, present-day computers are not perfectly designed for end-of-life recycling. Can we estimate the efficiency of recycling of an average desktop computer?

According to the approach outlined in Section 5.3 of this lesson, can you calculate the efficiency of recycling of an average desktop computer based on the following data?

Click for answer.

Efficiency can be estimated as

h = total mass of all useful output materials / total mass of material submitted for recycling = =(100+300+1000+100+200+500+200+300+600+1+900) g / 6000 g x 100% = 70% ]

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Electronic Waste Management – Issues And Challenges

₹ 1,000.00

Prof. Brajesh Kumar Dubey IIT KGP

*Additional GST and optional Exam fee are applicable.

Description

Additional information, certification process, course details.

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INTENDED AUDIENCE 

Prerequisites, industry support :.

• E Parisaraa – Bangalore
• Ecoreco Recycling – Mumbai
• Earth Sense – Telangana
• Attero Recycling – Noida
• EWRI-Bangalore
• WEEE Recycle – New Delhi
• J. S. Pigments Limited – Kolkata.
• In addition ULBs across the country will be interested in this course, so as professionals from SPCB and CPCB.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR

Professor Brajesh Kr. Dubey  has his bachelors degree in Civil Engineering (Hons) from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India and PhD in Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. He is presently Associate Professor (Integrated Waste Management and Sustainable Engineering) in the Division of Environmental Engineering and Management at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India. Dr. Dubey has more than 17 years of research, teaching, training and industrial outreach experience in the areas of Integrated Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, and Sustainable Engineering and Application of Life Cycle Assessment techniques. He also works in the area of Life Cycle Analysis and Sustainable Engineering. He has been teaching courses in the area of Solid Waste Management, Hazardous Waste Management, Life Cycle Analysis and Environmental Risk Assessment among other courses for nearly a decade. He has taught at several universities in USA, Canada, New Zealand, China andIndia. He has also conducted training programs in the Integrated Waste Management areas including that for Electronics Waste. Dr. Dubey has authored/co- authored more than 200 publications in his area of expertise and have presented at several national and international conferences. He has worked as Waste Management Expert for UN agencies and World Bank.

1. Join the course Learners may pay the applicable fees and enrol to a course on offer in the portal and get access to all of its contents including assignments. Validity of enrolment, which includes access to the videos and other learning material and attempting the assignments, will be mentioned on the course. Learner has to complete the assignments and get the minimum required marks to be eligible for the certification exam within this period.

COURSE ENROLMENT FEE: The Fee for Enrolment is Rs. 1000 + GST

2. Watch Videos+Submit Assignments After enrolling, learners can watch lectures and learn and follow it up with attempting/answering the assignments given.

3. Get qualified to register for exams A learner can earn a certificate in the self paced course only by appearing for the online remote proctored exam and to register for this, the learner should get minimum required marks in the assignments as given below:

CRITERIA TO GET A CERTIFICATE Assignment score = Score more than 50% in at least 3/4 assignments. Exam score = 50% of the proctored certification exam score out of 100 Only the e-certificate will be made available. Hard copies will not be dispatched.”

4. Register for exams The certification exam is conducted online with remote proctoring. Once a learner has become eligible to register for the certification exam, they can choose a slot convenient to them from what is available and pay the exam fee. Schedule of available slot dates/timings for these remote-proctored online examinations will be published and made available to the learners.

EXAM FEE: The remote proctoring exam is optional for a fee of Rs.1500 + GST. An additional fee of Rs.1500 will apply for a non-standard time slot.

5. Results and Certification After the exam, based on the certification criteria of the course, results will be declared and learners will be notified of the same. A link to download the e-certificate will be shared with learners who pass the certification exam.

CERTIFICATE TEMPLATE

Week 1:   Overview of the course Week 2:   Exposure pathway of pollutants emitted from Recycling of E-Waste

Books and References

1. Electronic Waste Management Rules 2016, Govt. of India, available online at CPCB website. 2. MSW Management Rules 2016, Govt. of India, available online at CPCB website.

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Course Name: Electronic Waste Management - Issues And Challenges

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Course abstract

This course will discuss the overall scenario of E-Waste management in India in comparison with other countries around the globe. At first, the present scenario of E-Waste management in India (mostly informal) will be discussed along the role of various stakeholders. Then, the effects of recycling and management of Electronic Waste on human health, environment and society will also be presented. This will be followed by the risk assessment owing to pollutants released from E-Waste recycling in soil, air and water. The possible option of extraction of Rare-Earth Minerals will also be discussed in this course. TheE-Waste management Rules of India and around the Worldwill be compared. Finally a Life-Cycle Analysis approach will be employed for a possible sustainable solution of E-Waste Management for cutting the ill-effects of informal recycling. The topics will include: Composition of E-Waste and its generation rates across the world; The various processes of informal E-Waste management and its ill-effects on health and society; Formal Metal extraction processes from E-Waste; Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA) and sustainable engineeringfrom electrical and electronics industry perspectives. The existing E-Waste Management rules in India and comparison with other countries around the world, the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and other take-back system. A major focus of this course will be the role of E-Waste management within the various initiatives of the Govt. of India including: Swachh Bharat Mission, Smart Cities as well as Make in India. The challenges of E-Waste management for smart cities will also be discussed taking few case studies from various developing nation around the globe. This will be followed by overview of the Electronic Waste (E-Waste) management issues in India in general and for the smart cities in particular. The new rules such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with respect E-Waste Management will also be covered in these course.

Course Instructor

Prof. Brajesh Kumar Dubey

Teaching assistant(s),  course duration : jan-feb 2021,   view course,  syllabus,  enrollment : 18-nov-2020 to 25-jan-2021,  exam registration : 15-jan-2021 to 12-feb-2021,  exam date : 21-mar-2021,   course statistics will be published shortly, certificate eligible, certified category count, successfully completed, participation.

Category : Successfully Completed

Category : Elite

Category : Silver

Category : Gold

Final score calculation logic.

• Assignment Score = Average of best 3 out of 4 assignments. Final Score(Score on Certificate)= 75% of Exam Score + 25% of Assignment Score. Note: We have taken best assignment score from both Jan 2020 and Jan2021 course

ISHWARPAL SINGH 97%

Bancon Builder

SHREESH AJAYKUMAR 97%

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KANNUR

PATIMA DHEERAJ 96%

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDHRA PRADESH

C SHANTHI 96%

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SHAIFALI SOOD 95%

NIT KURUKSHETRA

VIGNESH SHANKAR 95%

SRI SIVASUBRAMANIYA NADAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RADHAMANI V 95%

RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NISHTHA BARMAN HAJONG 94%

S.R.M. INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

YAMUNA S N 94%

MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SWATHIKA SENTHILKUMAR 94%

Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER (DU))

DR VINAY SENVE 93%

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD

INDIRA MISHRA 93%

Jamia Millia Islamia

VASUDEVAN K L 93%

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,GUINDY

CHITHIRAIKUMAR S 92%

NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NITIN SINGH CHAUHAN 92%

POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

SATTWIK HARICHANDAN 92%

GANDHI BANSI HITENDRABHAI 92%

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURATHKAL

SHRUTHI S 92%

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

DR LOPA SANGHAVI 92%

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC FOR GIRLS, AHMEDABAD

MEHNAZA AKHTER 92%

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MANOJ KUMAR 92%

POWERGRID CORPORTION OF INDIA LIMITED

DIWAKAR R MARUR 92%

RITIKA CHOUDHARY 92%

MANAV RACHNA UNIVERSITY

NIVEDHITHA C 91%

SARANATHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

HAFSA MUJAHID 91%

VISHNU PRADEEP 91%

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

MADHAV MURALI 91%

MAR BASELIOS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DRKIRTI SRIVASTAVA 91%

JSS Academy of Technical Education ,Noida

DR ASHIMA SRIVASTAVA 91%

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, NOIDA

ABHISHEK UNMESH MANDLIK 91%

DR. VISHWANATH KARAD MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

DIKSHIT BHATT J 91%

MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DHAVAL SURESHBHAI MANIYA 90%

DR. S. AND S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ARUNAV CHAKRABORTY 90%

TEZPUR UNIVERSITY

RAJESH CHANDRA PANERU 90%

YADHU KRISHNAN C S 90%

PRIYANKA CE 90%

J SARADHA 90%

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

SAKTHI PRIYA M 90%

ABHAY KUMAR MISHRA 90%

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAGAVENI P 90%

KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

SURENDER 90%

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,(BHU) VARANASI

SHEEJA JAYACHANDRAN 90%

SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

JONNALAGADDA SNEHANJALI 90%

NRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

AURELIO VINCENT SAVIO RODRIGUES 90%

GOA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SHARMISTHA BOSE 90%

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLAGHAT

MURALI KRISHNAN S 90%

PRAJWAL SURESH DUDHBALE 90%

DATTA MEGHE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

P KAVITHA 90%

SINDU N J 90%

ALEX LIVINGSTON RAJA A 90%

VIJAYKUMAR KATAGI 90%

BHEEMANNA KHANDRE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DR K RADHIKA 90%

ST.PETERS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

RAJ KUMAR BHATIA 90%

JABALPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JABALPUR

MOHAMMED MAQSOOD ALAM 90%

AL-KABIR POLYTECHNIC

MOHAMED ISMAIL S 90%

ANNA UNIVERSITY

Enrollment Statistics

Total enrollment: 4669, registration statistics, total registration : 1320, assignment statistics, score distribution graph - legend, assignment score: distribution of average scores garnered by students per assignment., exam score : distribution of the final exam score of students., final score : distribution of the combined score of assignments and final exam, based on the score logic..

A Survey on Various Aproaches to e-waste management

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NPTEL: Exam Registration is open now for Jan 2022 courses!

Dear Candidate,

Here is a golden opportunity for those who had previously enrolled in this course during the Jan 2021 semester, but could not participate in the exams or were absent/did not pass the exam for this course. This course is being reoffered in Jan 2022 and we are giving you another chance to write the exam in March 2022 and obtain a certificate based on NPTEL norms. Do not let go of this unique opportunity to earn a certificate from the IITs/IISc.

IMPORTANT instructions for learners - Please read this carefully  

1. The exam date for this course: March 27, 2022

2. Certification exam registration URL is: CLICK HERE

Please fill the exam form using the same Enrolled email id & make fee payment via the form, as before.

3. Choose from the Cities where exam will be conducted: Exam Cities  

4. You DO NOT have to re-enroll in the courses. 

5. You DO NOT have to resubmit Assignments OR participate in the non-proctored 

programming exams.

6. If you do enroll to Jan 2022 course, we will take the best average assignment scores/non-proctored programming exam score across the two semesters

Our suggestion:

- Please check once if you have >= 40/100  in average assignment score and also participate in the non-proctored programming exams that will be conducted during this semester in the course to become eligible for the e-certificate, wherever applicable.

- If not, please submit Assignments again in the Jan 2022 course & and also participate in the non-proctored programming exams to become eligible for the e-certificate.

- You can also submit Assignments again and participate in the non-proctored programming exams if you want to better your previous scores.

RECOMMENDATION: Please enroll to the Jan 2022 course and brush up your lessons for the exam.

7. Exam fees: 

If you register for the exam and pay before Feb 14, 2022, 10:00 AM, Exam fees will be Rs. 1000/- per exam . 

If you register for exam before Feb 14, 2022, 10:00 AM and have not paid or if you register between Feb 14, 2022, 10:00 AM & Feb 18, 2022, 10:00 AM, Exam fees will be Rs. 1500/- per exam 

8. 50% fee waiver for the following categories: 

Students belonging to the SC/ST category: please select Yes for the SC/ST option and upload the correct Community certificate.

Students belonging to the PwD category with more than 40% disability: please select Yes for the option and upload the relevant Disability certificate. 

9. Last date for exam registration: Feb 18, 2022 10:00 AM (Friday). 

10. Mode of payment: Online payment - debit card/credit card/net banking. 

11. HALL TICKET: 

The hall ticket will be available for download tentatively by 2 weeks prior to the exam date . We will confirm the same through an announcement once it is published. 

12. FOR CANDIDATES WHO WOULD LIKE TO WRITE MORE THAN 1 COURSE EXAM:- you can add or delete courses and pay separately – till the date when the exam form closes. Same day of exam – you can write exams for 2 courses in the 2 sessions. Same exam center will be allocated for both the sessions. 

13. Data changes: 

Last date for data changes: Feb 18, 2022 10:00 AM :  

All the fields in the Exam form except for the following ones can be changed until the form closes. 

The following 6 fields can be changed ONLY when there are NO courses in the course cart. And you will be able to edit the following fields only if you: - 

REMOVE unpaid courses from the cart And/or - CANCEL paid courses 

1. Do you come under the SC/ST category? * 

2. SC/ST Proof 

3. Are you a person with disabilities? * 

4. Are you a person with disabilities above 40%? 

5. Disabilities Proof 

6. What is your role ? 

Note: Once you remove or cancel a course, you will be able to edit these fields immediately. 

But, for cancelled courses, refund of fees will be initiated only after 2 weeks. 

14. LAST DATE FOR CANCELLING EXAMS and getting a refund: Feb 18, 2022 10:00 AM  

15. Click here to view Timeline and Guideline : Guideline  

Domain Certification

Domain Certification helps learners to gain expertise in a specific Area/Domain. This can be helpful for learners who wish to work in a particular area as part of their job or research or for those appearing for some competitive exam or becoming job ready or specialising in an area of study.  

Every domain will comprise Core courses and Elective courses. Once a learner completes the requisite courses per the mentioned criteria, you will receive a Domain Certificate showcasing your scores and the domain of expertise. Kindly refer to the following link for the list of courses available under each domain: https://nptel.ac.in/noc/Domain/discipline.html

Outside India Candidates

Candidates who are residing outside India may also fill the exam form and pay the fees. Mode of exam and other details will be communicated to you separately.

Thanks & Regards, 

Thank you for learning with NPTEL!!

Dear Learner, Thank you for taking the course with NPTEL!! Hope you enjoyed the journey with us. The results for this course have been published and we are closing this course now.  You will still have access to the contents and assignments of this course, if you click on the course name from the "Mycourses" tab on swayam.gov.in. The discussion forum is being closed though and you cannot ask questions here. For any further queries please write to [email protected] . - Team NPTEL

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges : Results Published!

• Hard copies of certificates will not be dispatched.
• The duration shown in the certificate will be based on the timeline of offering of the course in 2021, irrespective of which Assignment score that will be considered.

Feedback for Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges

Dear student, We are glad that you have attended the NPTEL online certification course. We hope you found the NPTEL Online course useful and have started using NPTEL extensively. In this regard, we would like to have feedback from you regarding our course and whether there are any improvements, you would like to suggest.   We are enclosing an online feedback form and would request you to spare some of your valuable time to input your observations. Your esteemed input will help us in serving you better. The link to give your feedback is:  https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1e_YRP73lTl6oyJoU7YF2xBZA-kw8ZqYLf2ydII-j2Nw/viewform We thank you for your valuable time and feedback. Thanks & Regards, -NPTEL Team

All The Best for your Exam.

We hope you enjoyed the course and prepared well for the exam. All The Best for your Exam. Best Wishes. EWM Team.

Best of Luck for your Exam

Dear Learners,

Best of luck for your examination!

Regards NPTEL Team

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Solution for Week 4 Assignment

Detailed Solution for Assignment 4 is available now in the Course Outline section. Please go through the solution and in case of any doubt post your queries in the forum.

-NPTEL Team

Exam Format - March 21, 2021

Dear Candidate, ****This is applicable only for the exam registered candidates**** Type of exam will be available in the list: Click Here You will have to appear at the allotted exam center and produce your Hall ticket and Government Photo Identification Card (Example: Driving License, Passport, PAN card, Voter ID, Aadhaar-ID with your Name, date of birth, photograph and signature) for verification and take the exam in person.  You can find the final allotted exam center details in the hall ticket. The hall ticket is yet to be released . We will notify the same through email and SMS. Type of exam: Computer based exam (Please check in the above list corresponding to your course name) The questions will be on the computer and the answers will have to be entered on the computer; type of questions may include multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks, essay-type answers, etc. Type of exam: Paper and pen Exam  (Please check in the above list corresponding to your course name) The questions will be on the computer. You will have to write your answers on sheets of paper and submit the answer sheets. Papers will be sent to the faculty for evaluation. On-Screen Calculator Demo Link: Kindly use the below link to get an idea of how the On-screen calculator will work during the exam. https://tcsion.com/ OnlineAssessment/ ScientificCalculator/ Calculator.html NOTE: Physical calculators are not allowed inside the exam hall. -NPTEL Team

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges : Video recording on Interactive session 1

There was an interaction session with some of the students for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges .

The video recording is now available in the portal under the last unit "Live Interactive session"

Those who are interested can take a look.

Youtube link :  https://youtu.be/uP1Wmp8zKbE

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges : Live Interactive session -1

Dear Learner,

You can interact LIVE with the Course Instructor Prof    Brajesh Kumar Dubey , IIT Kharagpur – “ Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges ".

Date: 22. 02.2021

Time: 05 :30 PM

Link to login to: https://youtu.be/uP1Wmp8zKbE

Enter your questions you want 

You can interact LIVE with the Course Instructor Prof  Brajesh Kumar Dubey , to answer at:   https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScQRtPVG1QvijheLxRsIl23cLzqd5ZHd6b-97BpHe0JBA8H9g/viewform

You can also ask your doubts during the session through the chat window... 

We would also like to hear from you after the session. Request you to share your thoughts in the forum. Learners are encouraged to visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vRdbGOLmIhJl6_761LRi3OJgFmlSRK7C5qyY0JckLTc2Jx2d5kbMVrlgJmZ7yb4o0u-mrLDi8baEfK5/pubhtml

for updates on the live sessions. 

Gentle reminder - Waste management at the time of COVID - 19 pandemic

Dear Learners, This is a gentle reminder to fill up this google form (Waste management at the time of COVID - 19 pandemic). Kindly spare a few minutes of your undivided attention without any bias and haste and aid us in assessing the situation of waste management during the pandemic. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdiu73GEizOm8yAnnAcyAUZHHxSas7992cL7Wbfc-f5Mzy-5w/viewform?usp=sf_link It is a part of an international study by our research team from IIT Kharagpur focussing on "Waste management compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic.' Kindly share it with your friends and peers or post it on your social media handles. Reason for this study? During the pandemic, CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board, India) has released a set of rules in addition to the existing municipal solid waste management rules, 2016 to handle the COVID-19 related waste. Through this survey, we are trying to find out about solid waste management related compliances by individuals and regulators. Your responses would be very crucial in understanding the state of the affair of solid waste management and much-needed intervention. We promise to share all of our final findings of this study with our critical analysis and suggestions. They might provide you with some new insights in regards to waste management in the country. Please ignore this message if you have already filled up the form. Thank you very much.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Solution for Week 3 Assignment

Detailed Solution for Assignment 3 is available now in the Course Outline section. Please go through the solution and in case of any doubt post your queries in the forum.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 4 Feedback Form

Thank you for enrolling to this NPTEL course and we hope you have gone through the contents for this week and also attempted the assignment.

We value your feedback and wish to know how you found the videos and the questions asked - whether they were easy, difficult, as per your expectations, etc

We shall use this to make the course better and we can also know from the feedback which concepts need more explanation, etc.

Please do spare some time to give your feedback - comprises just 5 questions - should not take more than a minute, but makes a lot of difference for us as we know what the Learners feel.

Here is the link to the form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe8L3rcK2ToHgAgq6rIsYswCc8DxxoUsi23zWSY5QPwULmCmQ/viewform

Waste management at the time of COVID - 19 pandemic

Dear Learners, Kindly spare a few minutes of your undivided attention to fill up this google form (Waste management at the time of COVID - 19 pandemic) without any bias and haste. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdiu73GEizOm8yAnnAcyAUZHHxSas7992cL7Wbfc-f5Mzy-5w/viewform?usp=sf_link It is a part of an all Indian study by our research team from IIT Kharagpur focussing on "Waste management compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic.' Kindly share it with your friends and peers or post it on your social media handles. Reason for this study? During the pandemic, CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board, India) has released a set of rules in addition to the existing municipal solid waste management rules, 2016 to handle the COVID-19 related waste. Through this survey, we are trying to find out about solid waste management related compliances by individuals and regulators. Your responses would be very crucial in understanding the state of the affair of solid waste management and much-needed intervention. We promise to share all of our final findings of this study with our critical analysis and suggestions. They might provide you with some new insights in regards to waste management in the country. Thank you very much.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Solution for Week 2 Assignment

Detailed Solution for Assignment 2 is available now in the Course Outline section. Please go through the solution and in case of any doubt post your queries in the forum.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 3 Feedback Form

Electronic waste management - issues and challenges - week 4 is live now.

Dear Students

The lecture videos for Week 4 have been uploaded for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges . The lectures can be accessed using the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=41&lesson=42

The other lectures of this week are accessible from the navigation bar to the left. Please remember to login into the website to view contents (if you aren't logged in already).

Assignment for  Week 4 is also uploaded and can be accessed from the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=41&assessment=66

The assignment has to be submitted on or before Wednesday, 2021-02-17, 23:59 IST.

As we have done so far, please use the discussion forums if you have any questions on this module.

--NPTEL Team

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Solution for Week 1 Assignment

Detailed Solution for Assignment 1 is available now in the Course Outline section. Please go through the solution and in case of any doubt post your queries in the forum.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 3 is live now!!

The lecture videos for Week 3 have been uploaded for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges . The lectures can be accessed using the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=33&lesson=34

Assignment for  Week 3 is also uploaded and can be accessed from the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=33&assessment=65

The assignment has to be submitted on or before Wednesday, 2021-02-10, 23:59 IST.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Assignment 2 Deadline EXTENDED

Dear Learners, Assignment 2 has been released already and the due date for the assignment has been extended Due date of assignment 2 is Sunday, 07-02-2021, 23:59 IST Please note that there will not be any extension for the upcoming assignments. Note: Please check the due date of the assignments in the announcement and assignment page if you see any mismatch write to us immediately.   Thanks & Regards, -NPTEL Team

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 2 Feedback Form

Electronic waste management - issues and challenges - week 1 feedback form.

Here is the link to the form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1raDyTIrP-kG41-tj_aq88Fw8p09pjjVXbjMi-bUZlLo/viewform

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 2 is live now!!

The lecture videos for Week 2 have been uploaded for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges . The lectures can be accessed using the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=25&lesson=26

Assignment for  Week 2 is also uploaded and can be accessed from the following link: https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=25&assessment=64

The assignment has to be submitted on or before Wednesday, 2021-02-03, 23:59 IST.

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Download video links are available now!!

The download video links for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges  are available now in the course outline. Please check the download video link: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/105/105105169/

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 1 assignment is live now!!

The assignment for Week 1 for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges is made available early for viewing to get an idea about the assignments but the actual start date of the course remains unchanged.

Assignment 1 can be accessed using the following link:  https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=17&assessment=63

The other Assignment 1 is accessible from the navigation bar to the left under Week 1. Please remember to login into the website to view contents (if you aren't logged in already).

Please use the discussion forums if you have any questions on this module.

Happy Learning!

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Assignment-0-RELEASED

We welcome you all to this course. The assignment 0 for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges has been released. This assignment is based on a prerequisite of the course. Kindly note that marks obtained in this assignment will not be considered for the final assessment. You can find the assignment under Week 0 unit on the left-hand side of your screen You can submit the assignment multiple times before the due date. All the best !!    

The extended   due date of Assignment 0: 2021-01-25, 23:59 IST.

NPTEL: Exam Registration is open now for Jan 2021 courses!

Dear Learner,  Here is the much-awaited announcement on registering for the Jan 2021 NPTEL course certification exam.  1. The registration for the certification exam is open only to those learners who have enrolled in the course.  2. If you want to register for the exam for this course, login here using the same email id which you had used to enroll to the course in Swayam portal. Please note that Assignments submitted through the exam registered email id ALONE will be taken into consideration towards final consolidated score & certification.  3 .  Date of exam: March 21, 2021 Certification exam registration URL is:  https://examform.nptel.ac. in/   Choose from the Cities where exam will be conducted:  Exam Cities   4. Exam fees:  If you register for the exam and pay before  Feb 8, 2021, 10:00 AM,  Exam fees will be  Rs. 1000/- per exam .  If you register for exam before  Feb 8, 2021 , 10:00 AM  and have not paid or if you register between  Feb 8, 2021, 10:00 AM & Feb 12, 2021, 5:00 PM,  Exam fees will be  Rs. 1500/-  per exam  5. 50% fee waiver for the following categories:  Students belonging to the SC/ST category: please select Yes for the SC/ST option and upload the correct Community certificate. Students belonging to the PwD category with more than 40% disability: please select Yes for the option and upload the relevant Disability certificate.  6. Last date for exam registration: Feb 12, 2021, 5:00 PM (Friday).  7. Mode of payment: Online payment - debit card/credit card/net banking.  8. HALL TICKET:  The hall ticket will be available for download tentatively by  2 weeks prior to the exam date .  We will confirm the same through an announcement once it is published.  9. FOR CANDIDATES WHO WOULD LIKE TO WRITE MORE THAN 1 COURSE EXAM:- you can add or delete courses and pay separately – till the date when the exam form closes. Same day of exam – you can write exams for 2 courses in the 2 sessions. Same exam center will be allocated for both the sessions.  10.  Data changes:  Last date for data changes: Feb 12, 2021, 5:00 PM:  All the fields in the Exam form except for the following ones can be changed until the form closes.  The following 6 fields can be changed ONLY when there are NO courses in the course cart. And you will be able to edit the following fields only if you: -  REMOVE unpaid courses from the cart And/or - CANCEL paid courses  1. Do you come under the SC/ST category? *  2. SC/ST Proof  3. Are you a person with disabilities? *  4. Are you a person with disabilities above 40%?  5. Disabilities Proof  6. What is your role ?  Note:  Once you remove or cancel a course, you will be able to edit these fields immediately.  But, for cancelled courses, refund of fees will be initiated only after 2 weeks.  11.  LAST DATE FOR CANCELLING EXAMS and getting a refund: Feb 12, 2021, 5:00 PM  12. Click here to view Timeline and Guideline :  Guideline    Thanks & Regards, NPTEL TEAM

Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges - Week 1 videos are live now!!

 Dear Learners,

The videos for Week 1 for the course Electronic Waste Management - Issues and Challenges is made available early for viewing to get an idea about the content but the actual start date remains unchanged.

The lectures can be accessed using the following link:  https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ce03/unit?unit=17&lesson=18

Welcome to NPTEL Online Course - Jan 2021!!

• Every week, about 2.5 to 4 hours of videos containing content by the Course instructor will be released along with an assignment based on this. Please watch the lectures, follow the course regularly and submit all assessments and assignments before the due date. Your regular participation is vital for learning and doing well in the course. This will be done week on week through the duration of the course.
• Please do the assignments yourself and even if you take help, kindly try to learn from it. These assignments will help you prepare for the final exams. Plagiarism and violating the Honor code will be taken very seriously if detected during the submission of assignments.
• The announcement group - will only have messages from course instructors and teaching assistants - regarding the lessons, assignments, exam registration, hall tickets etc.
• The discussion forum (Ask a question tab on the portal) - is for everyone to ask questions and interact.Anyone who knows the answers can reply to anyone's post and the course instructor/TA will also respond to your queries.
• Please make maximum use of this feature as this will help you learn much better.
• If you have any questions regarding the exam, registration, hall tickets, results, queries related to the technical content in the lectures, any doubts in the assignments, etc can be posted in the forum section
• The course is free to enroll and learn from. But if you want a certificate, you have to register and write the proctored exam conducted by us in person at any of the designated exam centres.
• The exam is optional for a fee of Rs 1000/- (Rupees one thousand only).
• Date and Time of Exams: March 21,2021 Morning session 9am to 12 noon; Afternoon Session 2pm to 5pm.
• Registration url: Announcements will be made when the registration form is open for registrations.
• The online registration form has to be filled and the certification exam fee needs to be paid. More details will be made available when the exam registration form is published. If there are any changes, it will be mentioned then.
• Please check the form for more details on the cities where the exams will be held, the conditions you agree to when you fill the form etc.
• Once again, thanks for your interest in our online courses and certification. Happy learning. 

NPTEL : Keep in touch with us via Social Media

Dear Learner You already must know NPTEL is providing course certificates to those who complete the course successfully, with the learning happening right at your home or where you are. But NPTEL also keeps bringing out new initiatives and courses - which we would like to keep you posted on. Click the below links to like and follow us on Social Media for instant Updates: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NPTELNoc Twitter: https://twitter.com/nptelindia Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nptel-india-085866ba/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/swayam_nptel/  Like and Follow us on Social Media. Let's create a better future by learning and growing together.  -NPTEL Team.

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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