cybercrime law essay

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Essay on Cybercrime: Free Samples in 100,150, 200, 250 Words

• Updated on  
• October 25, 2024

Essay on Cybercrime: The 21st century is a digital age, where any and every task is done on the internet. All thanks to the developments in technology which have been the main factor to ease human life on earth and maybe on other plants in future. But along with the benefits of technology, there are several harmful effects, one of them which has recently gained popularity: Cyber Crime. 

Cybercrime has emerged as pervasive and evolved as one of the most dangerous threats to humans. There are several users on the internet who indulge in illegal and criminal activities, using computers and networks. To guide you through this hot debate topic, below we have discussed essays on cybercrime.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Cybercrime in 250 Words
• 4 Short Essay on Cybercrime in 150 Words

Also Read: Essay on Student Life

Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words

Cybercrime involves illegal activities like hacking, ransomware, cyberbullying, online fraud, etc. People who are involved in cybercrime or any similar activities are called hackers, scammers or fraudsters. Cybercrime leads to financial loss for individuals who have fallen victim to one. Cybercrime often invades a person’s privacy by stealing their personal details, including sensitive data, photos, and communication records, which can be used for blackmailing or any malicious purpose.

There are several governmental and non-government organizations which are working to tackle cybercrime by raising awareness among the masses, cyber security training, implementing robust security protocols, and enacting comprehensive cybercrime laws.

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Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words

Cybercrime is a criminal activity done online using a computer, network and internet. With the increasing use of the internet and mobile phones, the number of criminal activities has also gained pace.  These criminal-minded people steal the personal details of a person, which leads to financial losses and damages the reputation of the victims. Various scams and fraudulent schemes are offered on the internet like online auctions, advance fees, or any investment scam, which are all aimed at deceiving individuals into parting with their money.

Cybercrime is not limited to financial losses or reputational damage, a more discrete term has emerged; cyberbullying.  In cyberbullying, a person is harassed, humiliated, or threatened online. This can have severe psychological and emotional consequences. Ethical hackers or white hat hackers can help organizations identify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious hackers exploit them. 

Cybercrime doesn’t have any boundaries and is an international issue and international cooperation is crucial for tracking and prosecuting cybercriminals who operate across borders. To combat cybercrime effectively, a multi-faceted approach is required, involving education, technology, legislation, and international cooperation. As technology continues to advance, our efforts to combat cybercrime must keep pace to protect our increasingly interconnected world.

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Essay on Cybercrime in 250 Words

Economists have termed cybercrime as ‘ A Hidden Threat to the Digital World.’ Modern humans are relying on the internet for their day-to-day activities and every macro and micro activity. In this sense, the term cybercrime comes to the front. Cybercrime refers to criminal activities conducted through the use of computers, networks, and the Internet. 

Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

The consequences of cybercrime are far-reaching. Financial losses run into 10 digits annually, affecting individuals and organizations alike. Personal privacy is invaded as cybercriminals steal sensitive data, photos, and communication records. In cases of cyberbullying and harassment, victims suffer reputational damages, psychological distress, and emotional trauma, particularly in cases of cyberbullying and harassment.

It’s necessary to look for a multifaceted approach to deal with cybercrime, some of which are.

• Raising public awareness through campaigns where people are informed about the risks of cybercrime and educate them on best practices for online safety.
• Individuals and organizations should implement robust security protocols, regularly update software, and use multi-factor authentication to protect their digital assets.
• Governments should enact and enforce cybercrime laws, providing law enforcement agencies with the resources and expertise needed to prosecute cybercriminals effectively.
• Looking at the global nature of cybercrime, international collaboration is vital. Countries should work together to share threat intelligence and cooperate in the investigation and prosecution of cybercriminals.
• Ethical hackers can help organizations identify and rectify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious actors exploit them.

Tackling cybercrime requires proactive measures, including education, strong cybersecurity practices, legislation, international cooperation, and the active involvement of ethical hackers.

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Short Essay on Cybercrime in 150 Words

Find the short essay on cyber crime from below:

Cybercrime is an illegal and unethical activity which is done by hackers and fraudsters to gain financial or any other benefits for themselves.

To tackle cybercrime, several measures can be taken. Some of these measures are education and public awareness, research and innovation, ethical hacking, etc.

To write an essay on cybercrime, you need to give details on how it works and the level of danger it poses to humans. Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

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Cyber Crime Essay

The unlawful act of gaining unauthorised access to computer systems or digital devices is known as cybercrime. A detailed grasp of how to stop or recover from cyberattacks is provided by cyber security. Online courses offer guidance on how to avoid, safeguard against, and recover from cybercrime risks. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Cyber Crime’.

100 Words Essay on Cyber Crime

200 words essay on cyber crime, 500 words essay on cyber crime.

Cybercrime is the most discussed problem in the twenty-first century. The usage of cellphones and the internet is increasing dramatically over the world, which is generating questions about consumers' security and privacy. Because of this, it is crucial for all users to understand cybercrime and security. Cybercrime is defined as organised criminal conduct carried out by attackers online. Cybercrime comes in numerous forms, such as fraud, computer viruses, cyberstalking, and others. Due to these, businesses and government organisations are spending more on maintaining and employing professionals in cybercrime.

There are millions and billions of users and websites in the vast community known as cyberspace. People utilise it for a variety of activities including e-commerce, transactions, shopping, movies, music, and video games. Anyone can simply access anything online in the current technological era owing to accessible internet connection. As a result, crime in general and cybercrime in particular have surged dramatically. Additionally, the faster internet connection has greatly boosted the rate of data circulation. All of these problems are responsible as to why cyber security has grown to be a significant issue for society.

The government has created a number of cybercrime-related laws in an effort to curb the spread of the crime and to protect people's interests. These laws also provide defence against cybercrime. Aside from that, the government has established cyber cells in police stations to combat cybercrime as quickly as possible.

Cybercrime is an attack that can be harmful to both an individual and a business. There have been several instances where a cyber attack led to a data leak that caused a significant loss for a business or a person. These cyber-attacks could have negative effects on the country and the business. The countless instances of cyberattacks that have taken place in India and other nations have necessitated increased security measures. There are four main categories of cybercrime, according to a popular definition—hacking, money, privacy, and cyber terrorism.

Cybercrime is a type of crime in which illegal activities are carried out online or using computers. Cybercrime comes in a variety of forms which involves harassing online users. Cybercrime is the most serious and rapidly expanding type of crime in this day and age. Any person's life may be negatively impacted for a very long time by becoming a cyber victim. Cybercrimes have a wide range of repercussions on financial and investment activity in digital organisations.

One typical tactic used by criminals is to lure online users in by creating attractive websites and sending phoney emails purporting to be from banks or other organisations and asking for personal information. It makes it easier for criminals to access a person's bank account and personal data. Due to viruses, mail fraud, account hacking, and software piracy, people have been victims of cybercrimes. They also run into problems with unauthorised access mailing, threats from pornographic emails, and video transmission.

Types of Cyber Crime

Cyberstalking | It is the use of electronic communication to track down a person or to make repeated attempts to get in touch with them in order to foster personal interaction despite their blatant lack of interest. Anyone who monitors the internet, email, or any other form of electronic communication is guilty of stalking.

Phishing | It is a sort of fraud that includes collecting personal data from recipients of emails that seem to be coming from a reliable source, including Customer ID, IPIN, Credit/Debit Card number, Card expiration date, CVV number, etc.

Vishing | It is an attempt when criminals attempt to obtain personal information over the phone, such as Customer ID, Net Banking password, ATM PIN, OTP, Card expiration date, CVV, etc.

Smishing | It is a sort of fraud that employs text messages sent to mobile devices to entice victims into dialling a fake phone number, going to a fake website, or downloading harmful software.

Impersonation And Identity Theft | This includes the dishonest or fraudulent use of another person's electronic signature, password, or other distinctive identification trait.

Virus, Worms, Trojan | A computer virus is a programme designed to infiltrate your computer, corrupt your files and data, and spread itself. Worms are malicious software applications that repeatedly duplicate themselves on local drives, network shares, etc. Trojan is a malicious programme that mimics a legitimate application. Trojans offer unauthorised people and applications access to your computer through a backdoor entry, allowing them to steal sensitive data.

How to Prevent Cyber Crime

Backup every piece of information—data, systems, and considerations—to make it easier for businesses to recover from unforeseen events with the help of prior data.

Pick a firewall that offers protection from viruses, malware, and dishonest hackers.

Never divulge private information to a stranger since they might exploit it for fraud.

To avoid cybercrime, check your security settings—in order to determine if someone has logged into your computer, a cyber firewall analyses your network settings.

Antivirus software aids in identifying potential threats and malware before they infect a computer system. Never use software that has been cracked since it poses a serious risk of data loss or malware attack.

Keep your information protected when accessing untrusted websites—information can readily bypass the data through phishing websites.

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Essay on Cyber Crime

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In the digital age, the rapid advancement of technology has reshaped the way we live, work, and interact. However, alongside the countless benefits, this evolution has given rise to a darker phenomenon known as cyber crime. Cyber crime encompasses a wide range of malicious activities carried out through digital means, affecting individuals, organizations, and even nations. This essay delves into the intricacies of cyber crime, exploring its types, causes, impacts, and measures to combat it, offering a comprehensive overview for students participating in essay writing competitions.

Cyber Crime

Cyber crime refers to any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device, or a network. While most cyber crimes are carried out to generate profit for the criminals, some are done to harm or intimidate individuals, governments, or entire societies. The anonymity, vast reach, and speed of the internet have made cyber crime a highly effective and dangerous tool in the hands of criminals.

Types of Cyber Crime

Cyber crime can be broadly categorized into three types: crimes against individuals, crimes against property, and crimes against governments or society at large.

• Phishing: Phishing involves sending fraudulent emails or messages that appear to be from legitimate sources to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal details.
• Ransomware: Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s files or data, rendering them inaccessible. The attacker demands a ransom payment from the victim to provide the decryption key.
• Malware: Malware (malicious software) includes viruses, Trojans, worms, and spyware designed to infect and compromise computer systems, steal data, or disrupt operations.
• Identity Theft: Cybercriminals steal personal information, such as Social Security numbers or financial data, to impersonate victims for financial gain, fraudulent activities, or accessing accounts.
• Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying involves using digital platforms, such as social media or messaging apps, to harass, threaten, or intimidate individuals, often leading to emotional and psychological distress.
• Online Scams: Various online scams deceive individuals into parting with their money, including advance-fee fraud, lottery scams, and romance scams. These scams exploit trust and gullibility.
• Data Breaches: Data breaches occur when cybercriminals gain unauthorized access to databases or systems, exposing sensitive information, such as customer data, financial records, or trade secrets.
• Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks: These attacks overwhelm a target system, website, or network with excessive traffic, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users.
• Cyber Espionage: State-sponsored or corporate espionage involves infiltrating computer systems to steal sensitive information, trade secrets, or government intelligence.
• Child Exploitation: Child exploitation includes online activities like child pornography, grooming, or sextortion, targeting minors and causing severe harm to victims.
• Hacking and Unauthorized Access: Unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or accounts for the purpose of data theft, vandalism, or disruption is considered hacking.
• Financial Cybercrimes: Financial cybercrimes involve fraud, embezzlement, or theft of funds through various digital means, such as credit card fraud, online banking fraud, or investment scams.
• Online Harassment and Stalking: Cybercriminals engage in online harassment, stalking, or doxxing (publishing private information) to harass and intimidate victims.
• Social Engineering: Social engineering techniques manipulate individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security, often through impersonation or pretexting.
• Botnets and Cyber Attacks: Cybercriminals create botnets, networks of compromised devices, to launch coordinated cyberattacks, such as spam distribution, information theft, or credential stuffing attacks.
• Cryptojacking: Cryptojacking involves using a victim’s computer or device to mine cryptocurrencies without their consent or knowledge, causing system slowdowns and increased energy consumption.
• Online Copyright Infringement: Copyright infringement on the internet involves illegally sharing or distributing copyrighted content, such as movies, music, or software, without authorization.
• Deepfake and Manipulated Media: Deepfake technology creates convincing but fabricated a, video, or text content, leading to misinformation, impersonation, and reputational harm.

Causes of Cyber Crime

Several factors contribute to the prevalence of cyber crime, including:

• Anonymity: The internet provides a level of anonymity that emboldens criminals, making it challenging to trace illegal activities back to the perpetrators.
• Global Reach: Cyber criminals can operate from any location, targeting victims worldwide without ever crossing physical borders.
• Technological Complexity: The complexity and rapid evolution of technology can outpace security measures, leaving vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
• Lack of Awareness: Many users are unaware of the risks associated with their online activities, making them easy targets for cyber criminals.

Impacts of Cyber Crime

The effects of cyber crime are vast and varied, affecting individuals, organizations, and nations.

• Financial Loss: Cyber crime costs the global economy billions of dollars annually through fraud, theft of intellectual property, and other financial crimes.
• Psychological Impact: Victims of cyber crime, such as cyberbullying or identity theft, can experience significant emotional distress.
• Reputation Damage: Businesses and governments can suffer reputational damage due to data breaches, undermining public trust.
• National Security Threats: Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure can pose significant threats to national security, potentially leading to chaos and crisis.

Combating Cyber Crime

Addressing the challenge of cyber crime requires a multi-faceted approach, involving individuals, businesses, governments, and international bodies.

• Legislation: Implementing comprehensive cyber crime laws and regulations is crucial to defining and deterring illegal online activities.
• Cybersecurity Measures: Individuals and organizations must adopt robust cybersecurity practices, including the use of firewalls, antivirus software, and strong passwords.
• Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about the risks of cyber crime and promoting safe online behaviors can significantly reduce vulnerability.
• International Cooperation: Cyber crime is a global issue that necessitates international collaboration to develop strategies for prevention, investigation, and prosecution.

Future Directions

As technology continues to evolve, so too will the nature of cyber crime. The rise of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and other emerging technologies will introduce new vulnerabilities and challenges. Future efforts to combat cyber crime must focus on advancing cybersecurity technologies, enhancing international legal frameworks, and fostering a culture of security awareness among all internet users.

In conclusion, Cyber crime is a pervasive issue that poses significant challenges to the security, privacy, and well-being of individuals and societies worldwide. Understanding the complexities of cyber crime is the first step toward developing effective strategies to combat it. By fostering collaboration among various stakeholders and embracing a proactive approach to cybersecurity, we can hope to mitigate the risks associated with our increasingly connected world. For students aspiring to make a difference, participating in essay writing competitions on topics such as cyber crime not only raises awareness but also encourages the development of innovative solutions to safeguard our digital future.

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Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Cyber Crimes — International Cybercrime Law: Past, Present, Future Perspectives

International Cybercrime Law: Past, Present, Future Perspectives

• Categories: Cyber Crimes Cyber Security

About this sample

Words: 3527 |

18 min read

Published: May 17, 2022

Words: 3527 | Pages: 8 | 18 min read

Table of contents

International cybercrime legislation of past, present, and future, legislation of the past, initial movements, enforcement issues, international cooperation, modern day cybercrime law, modern struggles, the budapest convention, illegal access, illegal interception, data interference, corporate liability, harmonization, problems of the future, the future of cybercrime for people, the future of cybercrime for business, the future of legislation, corporations.

• Council of Europe. (2001, November 23). Convention on Cybercrime.
• Cyber Coding Cryptology For State Records. (2018, May 30). SB18-086.
• Cybersecurity Legislation 2018. (2019, February 2). Retrieved from www.ncsl.org: http://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/cybersecurity-legislation-2018.aspx
• Durumeric et al. (2017). The Security Impact of HTTPS Interception.
• Europol. (2016, November 1). Project 2020 Scenarios for the Future of Cybercrime. Retrieved from www.europol.europa.eu: https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-documents/project-2020-scenarios-for-future-of-cybercrime
• Hakmeh, J. (2017, June 6). Building a Stronger International Legal Framework on Cybercrime. Retrieved from chathamhouse.org: https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/building-stronger-international-legal-framework-cybercrime
• HUI, K.-L., KIM, S. H., & WANG, Q.-H. (2017, July). Cybercrime deterrence and international legislation: Evidence from distributed denial of service attacks.
• IoT: number of connected devices worldwide 2012-2025. (2016, November). Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/471264/iot-number-of-connected-devices-worldwide/
• Learn about cybercrime. (2015, December 1). Retrieved from www.acorn.gov: https://www.acorn.gov.au/learn-about-cybercrime
• Morgan, S. (2019). 2019 Official Annual Cybercrime Report.
• Pollitt, M. (2010). A History of Digital Forensics.
• Ribicoff, A. (1977). Federal Computer Systems Protection Act of 1977.
• Schjølberg, S. (2008, December). The History of Global Harmonization on Cybercrime Legislation -The Road to Geneva.
• States, U. (2004). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). Washington, D.C.

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Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies

Introduction, literature review and analysis, works cited.

The role of the Internet in lives of people continues to grow every day. Many people store their information online and use services that require some personal information to be shared. Moreover, Internet-based programs and services are used by companies, communities, governments, and international organizations, which increases the amount and the significance of information present online. Such a way of storing and transferring information opens new opportunities for illegal activity.

Thus, cybercrime – the use of computers and the Internet for unlawful acts – is a growing phenomenon that becomes more elaborate and more dangerous every minute (Aggarwal et al. 48). Cybercrime has many types because the Internet offers a variety of services to its users. Hackers can steal personal information of other users, use malicious software to corrupt data and stop services from functioning properly, illegally download information and share it with others breaching copyright laws, and distort the overall safety of users and their lives

One of the branches of cybercrime is personal data theft that can include financial information, legal documents, medical records, and other data (Hutchings and Holt 11). While this type of crime may seem to be less damaging in a global sense, it is widespread, making personal data theft one of the most popular forms of cybercrime (Wheatley et al. 8). Currently, there are no clear solutions to protect personal information and maintain a safe space for people’s private data.

A significant issue that slows the development of better protective systems down is the lack of cybercrime assessment frameworks. This literature review examines the recent scholarship investigating cybercrimes and the erosion of privacy with the focus on finding new solutions to protect information and evaluate the damages that hackers bring to the world every day.

Research Problem

The analyzed literature reveals a problem in the sphere of cybercrime research – the lack of statistical information and analysis of interventions in the field of personal data theft.

To understand the severity of the problem, one should investigate the main aspects of cybercrime, its history, and legal considerations. For this purpose, a review by Aggarwal et al. should be considered as it contains all necessary information on the topics of cybercrime and cybersecurity. According to the authors, there is a wide variety of cybercrime types, briefly mentioned above. The review also considers some effects that cybercrimes can have on people.

For example, while some illegal practices may be directed at individual people, others may target entire businesses or government agencies, increasing the severity of the crime and the damages brought as a result.

The authors also present some information about cyber security and laws that can help victims to defend their rights. However, the review notes that current legal practices are insufficient to protect people’s data and persecute criminals for their crimes (Aggarwal et al. 50). Thus, such needs as better coordination of law enforcement agencies and increased attention to cybersecurity research are outlined in the study. Furthermore, it is highlighted that users should also rely on themselves and exercise caution when using computers and the Internet. This study offers a solid foundation for further research and presents some basic information that is required to find issues in current research on cybercrime.

A conceptual study by Wall has a similar purpose as it helps define cybercrimes in the cloud – a more nuanced sphere of Internet safety. Wall offers an understanding of crimes in cloud services and their effect on victims, also paying attention to possible law enforcement strategies (Wall 529). Similarly to the previous work, Wall finds that cybercrimes are difficult to persecute due to the lack of research in the sphere and the small impact of each crime (Wall 536). The insufficient amount of available information is also noted by Armin et al., who investigate cybercrime reports and find that there are many gaps in existing research (150).

This problem is also outlined by Wheatley et al. who state that while the amounts of personal data being stolen grow continuously, the individualistic approach of defense mechanisms remains ineffective (8). This study uses a quantitative approach to show the statistics of personal information breaches, highlighting its growing impact on the finances of companies and government agencies. Wheatley et al. find that massive breaches of personal information occur frequently (more than 70 attacks per year since 2007) and deteriorate the state of privacy with each successful attack (8).

The authors also point out the need to research cybercrimes focused on government agencies and businesses and the shift from total risk evaluation to a more personalized approach. This study shows that the process of stealing private information is becoming more dangerous as hackers get access to large amounts of data simultaneously instead of targeting individuals.

In fact, cybercrimes in businesses often result in data of many people being stolen, which leads to massive financial damages for the company and its stakeholders (Balan et al. 64). The study by Balan et al. utilizes R programming to analyze cybersecurity problems and statistics of different businesses to find the main weaknesses in companies’ strategies and suggest new practices (65). The authors find that personal data theft is a significant problem in all industries, causing more than 90% of all businesses to lose money as a result (Balan et al. 66). Again, the need for further research is stressed as evidence against criminals in the cybersphere is hard to gather making cybercrime difficult to control.

Hutchings and Holt examine the market for stolen information and find that there is no research of practical implementations of interventions available, which makes the problem even more challenging (27). The authors also note the financial losses of people and companies and point out that possible interventions may include the collaboration of different services and government bodies and use such practices as censorship and law enforcement control (Hutchings and Holt 23). This study offers some strategies to control personal data theft and ways to protect information from being acquired illegally. Nevertheless, the authors highlight the need to apply these practices and analyze results to present substantial evidence.

Aggarwal, Pooja, et al. “Review on Cyber Crime and Security.” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences , vol. 2, no. 1, 2014, pp. 48-51.

Armin, Jart, et al. “2020 Cybercrime Economic Costs: No Measure No Solution.” Combatting Cybercrime and Cyberterrorism: Challenges, Trends and Priorities , edited by Babak Akhgar and Ben Brewster, Springer, 2016, pp. 135-155.

Balan, Shilpa, et al. “Data Analysis of Cybercrimes in Businesses.” Information Technology and Management Science , vol. 20, no. 1, 2017, pp. 64-68.

Hutchings, Alice, and Thomas J. Holt. “The Online Stolen Data Market: Disruption and Intervention Approaches.” Global Crime , vol. 18, no. 1, 2017, pp. 11-30.

Wall, David S. “Towards a Conceptualisation of Cloud (Cyber) Crime.” International Conference on Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy, and Trust , edited by Theo Tryfonas, Springer International, 2017, pp. 529-538.

Wheatley, Spencer, et al. “The Extreme Risk of Personal Data Breaches and the Erosion of Privacy.” The European Physical Journal B , vol. 89, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1-17. Web.

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• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2021, May 5). Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cybercrime-and-law-enforcement-strategies/

"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies." IvyPanda , 5 May 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/cybercrime-and-law-enforcement-strategies/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies'. 5 May.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies." May 5, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cybercrime-and-law-enforcement-strategies/.

1. IvyPanda . "Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies." May 5, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cybercrime-and-law-enforcement-strategies/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Strategies." May 5, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cybercrime-and-law-enforcement-strategies/.

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