ielts essay about deforestation

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Global Warming and Deforestation Essay IELTS: Latest Writing Task 2 Samples

• Updated On December 14, 2023
• Published In IELTS Preparation 💻

It is commonly observed that IELTS speaking and writing sections often consist of questions related to general topics of discussion such as environmental issues like climate change, greenhouse effect, global warming, and deforestation. In the blog, we specifically talk about Global Warming And Deforestation Essay IELTS.

Table of Contents

IELTS topics are largely talked about in a number of social circles and, thus, form the basis of IELTS exam questions. These questions can be of various types: Problems and possible solutions to global warming and deforestation, harmful effects and causes of global warming, causes and effects of deforestation and the like. There can also be topics that ask you to discuss two sides of an argument and then give your opinion. This type is mainly seen in the IELTS exam writing task 2.

Format for Global Warming and Deforestation Essay Task 2

The format that you can follow for almost all questions on the topic of global warming and deforestation can be as follows:

• Introduction

The introduction should be of about 2-3 lines and should talk about the subject at hand. This paragraph should also clearly tell the examiner about your opinion on the topic (if asked in the question). This paragraph should talk about the first side of the argument or the problems of greenhouse gas emissions, or global warming causes, depending on the type of question you have been asked. You should also provide any examples that may be relevant over here. This part of the essay should talk only about the second side of the argument or the possible solutions for a problem or the effects of a problem. Just like the previous paragraph, you should try to give a good example here as well that is in coherence with the whole argument. This part should summarise both sides briefly while also emphasising your opinion of the topic. All the while, you should ensure that you are using excellent vocabulary and perfect grammar in every paragraph because it is sure to leave a great impression on the examiner.

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Sample Answers on Global Warming and Deforestation Essay IELTS Writing Task

Common Question for Model Answer 1 and 2 – Some people believe that global warming is today’s most pressing environmental problem. At the same time, some consider deforestation to have the most devastating impact on the world. Discuss both views and give your opinion on the same. You should write at least 250 words for this task.

Model Answer 1:

Here, the writer thinks of deforestation as the more severe problem.

Of late, the question of which poses a greater danger to our survival from global warming and deforestation forms the backbone of many conflicts in a number of circles. While some people believe that the effects of global warmings, such as extreme weather conditions, are more far-reaching and, therefore, more concerning, some others are of the opinion that the rapid depletion of our forest cover caused by deforestation leads to more serious consequences like soil erosion, air pollution, and loss of habitat. In my opinion, the impact of deforestation is more immediate and is, therefore, to be taken relatively more seriously. Global warming gives birth to extreme weather conditions like scorching hot summers, impossibly heavy rainfalls, and brutally cold winters. On average, the Earth’s temperature is rising by 1.5 and falling by 2.2 degrees Celsius in summers and winters, respectively. In this regard, while deforestation only impacts the local areas where the forest cover is reduced, global warming also impacts regions like Antarctica, where the problem of deforestation is not as grave. So, many people consider global warming to be the paramount concern when it comes to the survival of human life. In contrast to the former viewpoint, some people strongly believe that deforestation is the more immediate cause of concern because of the shorter gestation period. We can see its repercussions like soil erosion, loss of wildlife, increase in cO2 , and droughts, among other problems. Recently news showed that after the state government of a metropolitan area ordered to cut down trees to procure more land to build complexes on, wild animals were seen roaming the streets. As if this wasn’t enough, the amount of carbon dioxide rose, and the area was flooded by the monsoon soon after. To recapitulate, I believe that deforestation is more concerning than global warming because of its immediate impact on the local environment, and the people and government need to work in tandem to curb this practice in their district.

Model Answer 2:

Here, the writer considers both problems to be equally concerning.

With the dawn of industrialisation and urbanisation, our environment has changed drastically, and mostly for the worst. After witnessing the utter chaos on a global scale brought to life by alarming consequences of climate change like ozone layer depletion, forest fires, and global warming, people have narrowed down the causes to two very serious environmental problems: global warming and deforestation. The question of which one has a more severe impact on our world has been the topic of discussion in recent decades. Global warming has given rise to a myriad of issues like rising temperature and worsening air and water quality, which have long-lasting ramifications for this planet’s inhabitants. For instance, surging sea levels in cities situated on river banks have been a piece of alarming news that has prompted various governments to act on it. Additionally, the state of coral reefs in parts of Australia and other countries has also gained global attention.

Overall, the consequences of global warming are threatening the wide gamut of species existing on our planet. Deforestation has also caused a multitude of environmental issues like frequent flooding due to the soil going loose owing to a depleting forest cover, loss of indigenous species, droughts, and more. A good example of this is the rising levels of pollution in overly industrialised countries which is a direct implication of fewer forests. Conclusively, it is impossible to pick one out of the two – deforestation and global warming – and to claim it as the more serious problem because both have worked in tandem to increase environmental concerns. Therefore, we have to direct our efforts in the direction that curbs the effect of both issues equally and significantly if we don’t want to find ourselves on the brink of extinction in the near future.

This blog post has all the material you need to prepare for global warming and deforestation essays for IELTS writing task 2 . If you’re looking for more resources and mentoring, head on to Leap scholar!

Frequently Asked Questions

1. what causes to include in the global warming ielts essay.

Ans: The IELTS essay on global warming can talk about causes like burning fossil fuels, increasing the use of plastic and other non-biodegradable products, etc.

2. How is global warming-related to deforestation?

Ans: Deforestation becomes a cause of global warming because it leads to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment.

3. How do you describe a forest in writing?

Ans: Describing a forest in writing for IELTS can focus on its main elements like wildlife, flora and how it helps us maintain balance in the ecosystem.

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Deforestation Caused by Human Activity - IELTS Task 2 Band 9 Sample Essay

Write about the following topic:

Deforestation caused by human activity is happening in many parts of the world, with serious results for the environment.

What do you think can be done to solve this problem?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experiences.

You should write at least 250 words.

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Sample Essay 1

Deforestation, driven by human endeavors, poses a significant threat to global ecosystems, impacting biodiversity and contributing to climate change. Addressing this issue necessitates a multifaceted approach, encompassing the enforcement of stringent regulations on logging and the promotion of sustainable land management practices. These key strategies form the cornerstone of our discussion, aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of deforestation.

The enforcement of rigorous laws against unauthorized logging is paramount. Many countries suffer from a lack of enforcement in their forestry sectors, leading to rampant illegal deforestation. By implementing stricter penalties and enhancing monitoring, governments can deter such practices. For example, Brazil's action in the early 2000s to reduce deforestation in the Amazon through better surveillance and fines illustrates the effectiveness of legal frameworks. Furthermore, integrating technology, such as satellite imagery and drones, can significantly aid in monitoring vast forest areas, ensuring compliance with environmental standards. Enhanced cooperation between nations can also amplify efforts to prevent illegal timber trade, reinforcing global forest conservation initiatives.

Concurrently, promoting sustainable land management practices offers a long-term solution to deforestation. This involves encouraging agricultural practices that minimize land use, such as agroforestry, which integrates trees with crops and livestock. Not only does this reduce the need for clearing new land, but it also enhances biodiversity and soil health. Additionally, reforestation projects can restore degraded lands, providing a habitat for wildlife and contributing to carbon sequestration. Initiatives like the Great Green Wall in Africa, aimed at combating desertification, exemplify the potential of concerted reforestation efforts. Encouraging community involvement in these projects can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility towards forest conservation, enhancing the sustainability of such initiatives.

In conclusion, the battle against deforestation necessitates a dual approach: the implementation of stringent legal measures against illegal logging and the promotion of sustainable land use practices. By adhering to these strategies, we can safeguard our forests, protect biodiversity, and combat climate change. This holistic approach, integrating law enforcement with ecological sustainability, offers a blueprint for addressing one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time.

Sample Essay 2

Deforestation, a man-made catastrophe ravaging various corners of our globe, inflicts profound damage on the environment, leading to adverse consequences such as climate change, soil erosion, and flooding. This essay will present a comprehensive exploration of two universally applicable solutions to this grave issue: the global promotion of sustainable materials and the formulation and enforcement of rigorous, international laws against irresponsible logging practices.

Firstly, a shift towards the utilization of renewable and sustainable materials could dramatically reduce our dependence on trees as raw materials. In everyday life, items such as wooden furniture and disposable chopsticks are prevalent, but their manufacture contributes significantly to deforestation. By encouraging industries to adopt alternatives, governments can mitigate this issue. For instance, the use of Polylactic Acid (PLA), a renewable and biodegradable plastic derived from corn, could replace wood in various applications, including 3D-printed housing. A globally coordinated effort to fund research and incentivize companies to embrace such innovations would foster a new era of environmentally conscious production. Building on this notion of innovative solutions, legal reform represents another critical avenue for protecting our forests.

The enactment of stringent laws and regulations on an international scale is vital to curb unregulated logging activities. A lack of enforceable legislation allows corporations and individuals to exploit forest resources without considering the long-term environmental impact. By implementing strict laws, coupled with effective monitoring and punitive measures for violators, governments can send a clear message about the importance of forest conservation. The success of anti-poaching laws in Africa, leading to a boom in elephant populations, exemplifies the potential of legal measures to protect natural resources.

In conclusion, the deforestation crisis calls for globally applicable, strategic interventions. By fostering sustainable materials and enacting rigorous legal frameworks, governments and businesses can collaboratively spearhead a unified global initiative to preserve our world's forests. The challenge is profound, but with commitment and cooperation, it is within our grasp to resolve.

Sample Essay 3

Deforestation caused by human activity is a crisis that has intensified over the years, leading to alarming consequences that span both environmental and social domains. The sweeping loss of trees not only affects our global climate but also devastates biodiversity, displacing countless species from their natural habitats. This essay argues that a multi-pronged approach, involving policy reforms, community engagement, and technological innovation, is imperative to counter this looming crisis.

The foremost step in mitigating the serious results for the environment caused by deforestation is an overhaul of existing policies. Governments worldwide should institute stringent laws that regulate not just the amount of land that can be cleared, but also mandate reforestation efforts. For instance, countries like Costa Rica have already adopted 'Payment for Environmental Services' programs, which financially reward individuals and businesses for preserving forests. Policy enforcement is equally crucial; otherwise, the rules become mere paper tigers. International sanctions can be a powerful deterrent against nations that neglect responsible forest management.

While laws lay the groundwork, technology can accelerate the rehabilitation of deforested areas. The use of drones to plant trees is a prime example, allowing us to cover larger areas more efficiently than traditional methods. However, it is community involvement that truly ensures the longevity of such efforts. Grassroots organizations can mobilize local residents to protect their surrounding forests, turning them into stewards of the land. Educational programs can further illuminate the far-reaching implications of deforestation, from soil erosion to climate change, thus breeding a culture of responsibility.

In summary, deforestation caused by human activity is a pressing issue with dire implications for the environment. The solution lies in a multi-faceted approach: robust policy frameworks, cutting-edge technology, and active community involvement are all vital components. Each element not only complements the other but is also essential for the effective reversal of the ongoing environmental degradation. It is high time we treated our planet's lungs with the care and respect they deserve, for failure to do so risks bequeathing a barren legacy to future generations.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Model Answer: Deforestation

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IELTS Writing Task 2 essay with model answer

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic

Forests are the lungs of the earth . Destruction of the world's forests amounts to death of the world we currently know. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer :

There is no doubt that woodlands are a crucial source of air that we breathe. Although, some people may greatly underestimate the role of forests in our lives, others, successfully realize the significance of forests to life on earth. I strongly agree with the latter view due to several reasons that I will discuss in greater detail in my essay.

On one side of the argument, there are people who argue that forests are merely an abundant source of lumber. The main reason for believing this is that people often do not easily recognize the impact of deforestation on our planet, such as the climate change. It is also possible to say that the increasing number of the population, may sometimes force governments to allow construction companies to excessively encroach on the available woodlands. One good illustration of this is the increasing number of settlements being built close to the Amazon forests. Therefore, it is easy to see why this argument has gained support.

On the other hand, it is also possible to make the opposing case. It is often argued that forests are vital for sustaining life forms. This is because plants produce oxygen, which is imperative for the survival of humans. A second point is that, woodlands are a shelter for many forms of animals and birds which comprise a central part of the earth’s ecosystem. A particularly good example here is that whenever deforestation happens, many lifeforms disappear or die. Thus, it goes without saying that I strongly support this viewpoint since it is credible and realistic too.   

After having discussed the most pertinent points of this issue, I feel that the only logical conclusion is that the advantages of preserving forests outweigh the risk of deforestation. Hence, I strongly support the idea of preserving forests.

Total Words: 298

Task Achievement: 7

Coherence & cohesion: 7, lexical resources: 7, overall score: band 7.

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Ielts exam preparation for a higher band score., essay – deforestation caused by human activity is happening in many parts.

IELTS Essay:

Topic: Deforestation caused by human activity is happening in many parts of the world, with serious results for the environment.

What do you think can be done to solve this problem?

Sample Answer: Deforestation, which is the result of human’s abuse and luxury to the nature, is spreading out all over the world, with strict impacts for our environment. For avoiding this problem in my opinion some precautions and proper laws should be taken, such as forbidding logging and putting marks on the areas of trees.

Under the control of government, law enforcers should arrest people who log trees without any permission. By this way illegal logging can be prevented if sufficient attention is directed to this area. However, another issue still exist; legal deforestation. From my point of view the biggest error is occurring by federal systems. Because when a government wants to build up an infrastructure there is no other government to criticize it and warn it to not make a wrong choice.

By logging many trees and destroying lungs of the earth forests to raise a huge building, it may be to country’s profit nonetheless, is not a good idea for both ecology and human relief at all. Therefore that job remains to the government itself to judge and check benefits of work it has done. Probably legal deforestation can be prevented by that way.

To sum up, in spite of the fact that people and governments have both decided some wrong choices to take trees and put houses, factories and other buildings instead of those trees they can still correct their mistakes. By increasing the number of trees grown and by decreasing the number of trees logged humanity can gain a lot more oxygen to breath.

[ Written by – Elruz Rehimli ]  

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Global Warming and Deforestation Essay IELTS: Latest Writing Task 2 Samples

Finding samples of Global Warming And Deforestation Essay IELTS Click here for tips on how you can write an essay in writing task 2 find out high band essay examples for reference!

8/28/2023 2 min read

Global warming and deforestation are two critical issues that have garnered significant attention in recent times. These interconnected problems pose serious threats to our environment and the delicate balance of our ecosystems. This essay explores the impact of global warming and deforestation, their relationship, and potential solutions to address these pressing challenges.

Understanding Global Warming

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that traps heat within the Earth's atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough to sustain life. However, excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and other greenhouse gases from activities like burning fossil fuels have intensified this effect, resulting in the rising global temperatures observed today.

Deforestation: Causes and Consequences

Deforestation, the clearing of forests for various purposes, contributes significantly to global warming. Activities such as agricultural expansion , logging , and urbanization lead to the loss of vital carbon sinks and disrupt ecosystems. This, in turn, results in the loss of biodiversity , as many species rely on forest habitats for survival.

The Interplay between Global Warming and Deforestation

Global warming and deforestation have a complex relationship with feedback loops and self-perpetuating cycles. As temperatures rise, forests become more susceptible to fires, releasing stored carbon back into the atmosphere. Additionally, deforested areas lose their ability to sequester carbon , exacerbating global warming.

Effects on Climate Patterns and Weather Events

The impact of global warming and deforestation is evident in the erratic weather conditions experienced worldwide. Unpredictable shifts in rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and intense storms disrupt agricultural activities and endanger vulnerable communities. The increased frequency of natural disasters can be attributed to the changing climate.

Impact on Ecosystems and Wildlife

Deforestation disrupts ecosystems and threatens the survival of various species. Animals that depend on forests for shelter and food face habitat loss, pushing some to the brink of extinction. The interconnectedness of ecosystems means that the loss of one species can have a cascading effect on others.

Societal and Economic Implications

The repercussions of global warming and deforestation extend to societal and economic spheres. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can lead to reduced agricultural yields, impacting food security. Moreover, the spread of diseases and health issues becomes more likely in altered environments.

Combating Global Warming and Deforestation

Addressing these challenges requires collective efforts. Reforestation and afforestation projects are crucial to restoring carbon sinks and preserving biodiversity. Implementing sustainable land management practices can mitigate the negative effects of deforestation, while promoting renewable energy sources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

International Agreements and Initiatives

International cooperation is essential in the fight against global warming and deforestation. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise and encourage nations to reduce emissions. The REDD+ program focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries.

Individual and Collective Responsibilities

Individual choices, such as adopting a plant-based diet and reducing energy consumption, can contribute to mitigating these issues. Advocacy and education also play a significant role in raising awareness and driving policy changes at a larger scale.

In conclusion, the intertwined challenges of global warming and deforestation demand immediate attention and concerted action. The detrimental impact on climate, ecosystems, and society necessitates innovative solutions that address these issues holistically. By acknowledging our role in both the causes and solutions, we can strive for a sustainable future that ensures the health and well-being of our planet.

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by Mahendra Patel | Mar 3, 2023 | IELTS Reading Academic , IELTS Reading General

IELTS Reading - Improve Vocabulary and Grammar Skills To improve your vocabulary and grammar skills for the IELTS Reading test, here are some tips: Read extensively: Reading extensively is one of the best ways to improve your vocabulary and grammar skills. Read a...

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Trees in Trouble: Understanding Global Deforestation - IELTS Reading Passage With Questions & Answer

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Updated on 09 February, 2024

upGrad Abroad Team

Upgrad abroad editorial team.

Intro to the Passage:

Forests cover about 31% of the land area on our planet. They produce vital oxygen and provide homes for people and wildlife. However, forests around the world are in crisis. Large areas are being degraded due to deforestation; a problem with dire consequences for the entire planet. This passage delves into the reasons behind this worrying trend and the impact it has on our environment. IELTS candidates will explore this topic in depth, preparing them to answer questions accurately in their reading test.

Table of Contents

Questions & answers:, tips for cracking ielts reading exam:, download e-books for ielts preparation.

Trees in Trouble

Forests, the lungs of our planet, are diminishing at an alarming rate. Deforestation, the second leading cause of climate change after fossil fuel combustion, is robbing the earth of its most valuable ecosystems. While natural phenomena like wildfires contribute to this loss, human activities are the main culprits.

In the Amazon, often referred to as the Earth's green lung, logging and agricultural expansion are primary drivers of deforestation. The lush canopy that once teemed with biodiversity is shrinking, giving way to farmland and pasture. But the repercussions extend far beyond the loss of species; local and indigenous communities who depend on these forests for their livelihoods are left vulnerable.

Deforestation also exacerbates climate change. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and store it in their wood and soil. When these trees are cut down and burned, this carbon is released back into the atmosphere, contributing to the warming of the planet. The process is a vicious cycle; as the climate warms, forest fires become more frequent, causing further deforestation.

Efforts to combat this crisis are in motion, with reforestation projects and sustainable logging practices gaining traction. These initiatives are vital in reversing deforestation's damaging effects and preserving the delicate balance of our environment.

Q1. What is the second leading cause of climate change?

A) Agricultural expansion

B) Fossil fuel combustion

C) Deforestation

D) Wildfires

A1. C) Deforestation

Explanation: The passage explicitly identifies deforestation as the second leading cause of climate change after fossil fuel combustion.

Q2. Fill in the blank: The Amazon is often referred to as the Earth's _______ lung.

A2. B) green

Explanation: The passage uses the term "Earth's green lung" to describe the Amazon, highlighting its importance to the planet's ecosystem.

Q3. True or False: Wildfires are the main cause of deforestation.

A3. B) False

Explanation: The passage states that while natural phenomena like wildfires do contribute to deforestation, human activities are the main culprits.

Q4. Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?

A) Loss of species

B) Loss of livelihood for local communities

C) Increased carbon dioxide absorption

D) Contribution to global warming

A4. C) Increased carbon dioxide absorption

Explanation: Deforestation results in less carbon dioxide being absorbed since there are fewer trees to take in this greenhouse gas.

Q5. Fill in the blank: Reforestation projects and sustainable logging practices are _______ to reverse the damage of deforestation.

A) inconsequential

B) detrimental

D) optional

A5. C) vital

Explanation: The passage mentions that these efforts are vital, meaning they are essential or absolutely necessary to combat the crisis of deforestation.

Q6. True or False: Trees store carbon dioxide in their leaves and flowers.

A6. B) False

Explanation: The passage indicates that trees absorb carbon dioxide and store it in their wood and soil, not specifically in their leaves and flowers.

Q7. What is the primary driver of deforestation in the Amazon?

A) Reforestation

B) Logging and agricultural expansion

C) Sustainable logging

D) Urbanization

A7. B) Logging and agricultural expansion

Explanation: The passage identifies logging and agricultural expansion as the primary drivers of deforestation in the Amazon.

Q8. Fill in the blank: When trees are cut down and burned, the carbon they stored is released back into the _______.

B) atmosphere

A8. B) atmosphere

Explanation: The passage explains that the burning of trees releases the stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

Q9. Multiple Choice: Which group is left vulnerable due to deforestation?

A) Tourists

B) Urban developers

C) Local and indigenous communities

D) Large corporations

A9. C) Local and indigenous communities

Explanation: The passage mentions that local and indigenous communities who rely on forests for their livelihoods are left vulnerable due to deforestation.

Q10. True or False: Climate change makes forest fires less frequent.

A10. B) False

Explanation: The passage indicates that as the climate warms, forest fires become more frequent, not less, causing further deforestation.

Tip 1: Understand the Passage Structure. Recognize the introduction, body, and conclusion to better anticipate the type of information that may be asked.

Tip 2: Look for Keywords. Keywords such as 'primary drivers,' 'repercussions,' and 'efforts' can guide you to important points that may be referenced in questions.

Tip 3: Practice Skimming and Scanning. Learn to quickly skim for the general idea and scan for specific information without reading every word.

Tip 4: Develop Vocabulary. A broader vocabulary can help you understand a wide range of topics, including environmental issues like deforestation.

Tip 5: Analyze Question Types. Familiarize yourself with different question formats such as multiple-choice, true/false, and fill-in-the-blanks to improve your test-taking strategies.

By incorporating these tips and carefully engaging with the reading passage and its accompanying questions and answers, IELTS candidates can deepen their understanding of key environmental issues while honing their test preparation for success.

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• Academic Writing Task 1

The Flow Chart Illustrates The Consequences Of Deforestation | Task 1 Academic IELTS Report Sample

by Manjusha Nambiar · Published September 10, 2021 · Updated April 15, 2024

Here is a sample report on this topic. Need help with IELTS writing? Get your essays, letters and reports corrected by me.

Report sample

The flow diagram shows the environmental impact of deforestation.  Large scale cutting of trees mainly affects the environment in four different ways. First, heavy logging equipment compresses the soil and makes it hard. As the ‘hard’ soil cannot absorb much rain water, flooding occurs. Second, deforestation leads to soil erosion. When several trees are cut down, there are fewer roots to hold the top soil. This causes the soil to erode. Third, deforestation increases the risk of both accidental and intentional fires. Forest fires kill micro-organisms which feed on waste wood. Soil erosion and the destruction of micro-organisms encourage pioneer species to move into the cleared forests. They eat up the remaining vegetation and thus cause the loss of bio diversity. Finally, when there are fewer trees, the amount of moisture returned to air also decreases. Less precipitation increases the risk of droughts. In short, deforestation leads to flooding, fires, droughts and loss of bio diversity.

Tags: ielts report sample ielts report samples ielts reports task 1 academic ielts report samples

Manjusha Nambiar

Hi, I'm Manjusha. This is my blog where I give IELTS preparation tips.

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Environment Essay Titles

Below are examples of IELTS Environmental writing task 2 questions.

Human activity has had a negative impact on plants and animals around the world. Some people think that this cannot be changed, while others believe actions can be taken to bring about a change. Discuss both and give your opinion. (Reported 2017, Academic Test)

It is often said that governments spend too much money on projects to protect wildlife, while there are other problems that are more important? Do you agree or disagree? (Reported 2017, GT Test)

Some people think the best way to solve global environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (Reported 2017, Academic Test)

Some people think an international car-free day is an effective way to reduce air pollution. Others think there are more effective ways do to this. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. (Reported 2017, Academic Test)

While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing environmental problem which we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation has a more devastating impact on our world. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The government should reduce the amount of money spent on local environmental problems and instead increase funding into urgent and more threatening issues such as global warming. To what extent do you agree?

With increasing populations and ever growing urban centers, many countries are losing their natural beauty spots. What benefits are there to protecting places of natural beauty? How can this be solved?

Although many people value their public parks, this space could be better used for other purposes such as residential areas for the ever growing population or to develop business and boost economies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this?

With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are becoming endangered as they lose their habitat and some are even threatened to the point of extinction. Do you think it is important to protect animals? What measures can be taken to deal with this problem?

Global warming is one of the biggest threats to our environment. What causes global warming? What solutions are there to this problem?

Both governments and individuals are spending vast amounts of money protecting animals and their habitat. This money could be better spent dealing with fundamental issues in society such as poverty and health care. To what extent do you agree?

As a result of growth in some urban centers, the environment in those cities is deteriorating. How could this issue be tackled by both the government and individuals?

Some people think that current environmental issues are global problems and should therefore be dealt with by the government while others believe that these problems can only be tackled by individuals. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Global environmental issues are the responsibility of rich nations not of poorer nations. Do you agree with this opinion?

Many people believe that global environmental problems should be dealt with internationally rather than domestically. What is your opinion?

 Many animals are being hunted to the brink of extinction in order to fulfil the demand and greed of mankind for decorative purposes as well as for other reasons, such as traditional medicine. How can this issue be tackled?

Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree?

Reported essay questions are from students who have taken their IELTS test. These questions may vary slightly in wording from the original question. 

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Deforestation. providing solutions and results

IELTS essay Deforestation. providing solutions and results

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IELTS Global Warming Essay

This model answer is for an  IELTS global warming essay .

You are asked in the question to discuss the causes of global warming and possible solutions for individuals and the government.

Here is the question:

Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today.

What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue?

Three Tasks

You must answer these three things in order to fully answer it:

• What are the causes of global warming?
• What can governments do about it?
• What can individuals do about it?

This essay has been divided into two paragraphs. However, you could write a separate paragraph about each of the above points if you wanted.

Take a look at the model answer and examine how it has been organized.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

Write at least 250 words.

IELTS Global Warming Essay - Model Answer

Probably the most worrying threat to our planet at the present time is global warming. This essay will examine the reasons why global warming is occurring and discuss some possible solutions.

The predominant factors resulting in the warming of the earth are the emissions of CO2 and deforestation. CO2, which damages the ozone layer, comes from several sources, but the most problematic are those coming from the burning of fossil fuels from power plants. This releases thousands of tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. Another cause of these emissions is the burning of gasoline for transportation, which continues to grow because of our demand for cars and also our increasing worldwide consumption, resulting in an escalating need to transport goods. Also, forests store large amounts of carbon, so deforestation is causing larger amounts of CO2 to remain in the atmosphere.

Nevertheless, there are potential ways to solve these problems, or at least reduce the effects. Firstly, governments need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and promote alternatives. Plant-derived plastics, biodiesel, wind power and solar power are all things that are a step in the right direction, but governments need to enforce the limits on CO2 emissions for the polluting industries in their countries for these to be effective. Also, individuals can play a part by making lifestyle changes. People should try to buy cars with the best fuel economy, and only use their car when really necessary. They can also switch to energy companies that use renewable energy rather than fossil fuels. Finally, small things like buying energy efficient light bulbs, turning off electricity in the house, and planting trees in the garden can help.

To conclude, although global warming is a serious issue, there are steps that governments and individuals can take to reduce its effects. If we are to save our planet, it is important that this is treated as a priority for all concerned.

(320 Words )

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With Deforestation, Urban Development and Illegal Hunting, Many Animal Species are Becoming Endangered as They Lose Their Habitat – IELTS Writing Task 2

Updated On Oct 06, 2021

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With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are becoming endangered as they lose their habitat and some are even threatened to the point of extinction. Do you think it is important to protect animals? What measures can be taken to deal with this problem?

Direct Question Essay

Introduction

Sentences 1, 2 & 3 – Introduce the given topic and give your opinion on whether or not it is important to protect animals.

Sentence 4 – Different ways to protect the animals from extinction will be discussed.

Body Paragraphs

Paragraphs 1 – I agree that endangered animals need protection.

Paragraph 2 – Ways to protect the animals.

Sum up and state your opinion.

Sample Essay

Due to the all-round development in our society, different human activities like clearing forests for settlement and farming, killing animals and birds for trade has become a part of our existence. What we forget in the process is that, due to these activities, many animals and birds are becoming extinct. Our environment is undergoing alarming changes and so protecting them is the need of the hour . Therefore, in this essay, different ways to safeguard the animals from extinction will be discussed.

Animals and birds are a significant representation of the culture of a country. For example, the national bird and animal of India are peacock and tiger, respectively. Both of them depict the vibrant and powerful heritage of the country. Unfortunately, for improvement of lifestyle, large forest areas are being cleared to increase the space for cultivation and construction of houses and offices. As a result, animals lose their home and food, which ultimately leads to disruption of the ecosystem and loss of biodiversity . So, it is of utmost importance, in my opinion, to follow various steps to protect these animals species.

The first step that should be taken is to replace the forest cover. Deforestation should be avoided in certain places. Even if trees are being cut rampantly in one place, more plants should be planted in other places to maintain the balance. The second step is to make people aware of the effects of ecosystem disruption and animal extinction. The more people know and care about it, the more healthy our planet will become. Thirdly, government should play a meaningful role to prevent unnecessary killing of animals which leads to the annihilation of the species. It should impose fines, strict punishment and rules that will forbid illegal poaching of animals. For animals that are already on the verge of extinction, like Royal Bengal tigers, Giant pandas, River dolphins, bumblebees and many more, the government should build protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves. These areas will guard these species against different kinds of exploitation. Apart from all these, everyone should make a common effort to invest in sustainable development. The focus should be on protecting the natural resources and coming up with alternatives that are healthy for us and eco-friendly.

In conclusion, I would like to mention that the government of different countries has set up many protected areas like North York Moors National Park, Sundarbans National Park, Ranthambore National Park and similar reserves to look after the species that are in danger. Organizations like The World Wildlife Fund (WWF), People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) and others support this genuine concern and work to mitigate the various dangers on wildlife. There are even laws and rules to watch over the wildlife. So, it is the duty of society as a whole to take care of our resources and maintain a balance with the elements of nature for the betterment of our future generations.

Meaning: worrying or disturbing Eg: “What he said about the water level of the place was quite alarming.”

• Need of the hour 

Meaning: need of present and also that the need is of high priority Eg: Finding ways to reduce global warming is the need of the hour.

Meaning: protect from harm or damage with an appropriate measure Eg: The soldiers safeguard the country and its citizens by sacrificing their lives.

Meaning: having or showing great life, activity, and energy; very bright and strong; loud and powerful Eg: As each member of the family met at the wedding, the atmosphere became vibrant.

Meaning: a cultural aspect or tradition that has been passed down through generations Eg: It is our duty to respect and protect other heritage.

• Biodiversity 

Meaning: the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable Eg: India has a rich biodiversity.

Meaning:  in a way that exists or spreads everywhere and cannot be controlled Eg: The weeds in my garden grew rampantly, destroying the other plants.

• Annihilation

Meaning: to destroy completely, leaving nothing Eg: The war leads to the annihilation of half the nation.

Meaning: to catch and kill animals without permission on someone else’s land Eg: A group of hunters was caught poaching in the forest by the rangers.

• Sustainable  

Meaning: able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed Eg: Scientists are coming up with sustainable ways to replace non-renewable energy.

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Deforestation in the 21st century

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Solution for: Deforestation in the 21st century

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Exam Review

When it comes to cutting down trees, satellite data reveals a shift from the patterns of the past A

Globally, roughly 13 million hectares of forest are destroyed each year . Such deforestation has long been driven by farmers desperate to earn a living or by loggers building new roads into pristine forest. But now new data appears to show that big, block clearings that reflect industrial deforestation have come to dominate, rather than these smaller-scale efforts that leave behind long, narrow swaths of cleared land. Geographer Ruth DeFries of Columbia University and her colleagues used satellite images to analyse tree-clearing in countries ringing the tropics, representing 98 per cent of all remaining tropical forest . Instead of the usual ‘fish bone' signature of deforestation from small-scale operations, large, chunky blocks of cleared land reveal a new motive for cutting down woods. B

In fact, a statistical analysis of 41 countries showed that forest loss rates were most closely linked with urban population growth and agricultural exports in the early part of the 21st century - even overall population growth was not as strong an influence. ‘In previous decades, deforestation was associated with planned colonisation, resettlement schemes in local areas and farmers clearing land to grow food for subsistence,' DeFries says. ‘What we’re seeing now is a shift from small-scale farmers driving deforestation to distant demands from urban growth, agricultural trade and exports being more important drivers.’ C

In other words, the increasing urbanisation of the developing world, as populations leave rural areas to concentrate in booming cities, is driving deforestation, rather than containing it. Coupled with this there is an ongoing increase in consumption in the developed world of products that have an impact on forests, whether furniture, shoe leather or chicken feed. ‘One of the really striking characteristics of this century is urbanisation and rapid urban growth in the developing world,’ DeFries says, ‘People in cities need to eat .’ ‘There’s no surprise there,’ observes Scott Poynton, executive director of the Tropical Forest Trust, a Switzerland-based organisation that helps businesses implement and manage sustainable forestry in countries such as Brazil, Congo and Indonesia. ‘It’s not about people chopping down trees. It's all the people in New York, Europe and elsewhere who want cheap products, primarily food .’ D

Dearies argues that in order to help sustain this increasing urban and global demand, agricultural productivity will need to be increased on lands that have already been cleared. This means that better crop varieties or better management techniques will need to be used on the many degraded and abandoned lands in the tropics. And the Tropical Forest Trust is building management systems to keep illegally harvested wood from ending up in, for example, deck chairs, as well as expanding its efforts to look at how to reduce the ‘ forest footprint ’ of agricultural products such as palm oil. Poynton says, ‘The point is to give forests value as forests, to keep them as forests and give them a use as forests. They’re not going to be locked away as national parks. That’s not going to happen.’ E

But it is not all bad news. Halts in tropical deforestation have resulted in forest regrowth in some areas where tropical lands were previously cleared. And forest clearing in the Amazon, the world’s largest tropical forest, dropped from roughly 1.9 million hectares a year in the 1990s to 1.6 million hectares a year over the last decade, according to the Brazilian government. 'We know that deforestation has slowed down in at least the Brazilian Amazon,’ DeFries says. ‘Every place is different. Every country has its own particular situation, circumstances and driving forces.’ F

Regardless of this, deforestation continues, and cutting down forests is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity - a double blow that both eliminates a biological system to suck up C02 and creates a new source of greenhouse gases in the form of decaying plants . The United Nations Environment Programme estimates that slowing such deforestation could reduce some 50 billion metric tons of C02, or more than a year of global emissions. Indeed, international climate negotiations continue to attempt to set up a system to encourage this, known as the UN Development Programme’s fund for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). If policies [like REDD] are to be effective, we need to understand what the driving forces are behind deforestation, DeFries argues. This is particularly important in the light of new pressures that are on the horizon: the need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and find alternative power sources, particularly for private cars , is forcing governments to make products such as biofuels more readily accessible. This will only exacerbate the pressures on tropical forests. G

But millions of hectares of pristine forest remain to protect, according to this new analysis from Columbia University. Approximately 60 percent of the remaining tropical forests are in countries or areas that currently have little agricultural trade or urban growth . The amount of forest area in places like central Africa, Guyana and Suriname, DeFries notes, is huge. ‘There’s a lot of forest that has not yet faced these pressures.’

Questions 1-6

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G . Which paragraph contains the following information? NB: You may use any letter more than once . 1 A B C D E F G two ways that farming activity might be improved in the future Answer: D 2 A B C D E F G reference to a fall in the rate of deforestation in one area Answer: E 3 A B C D E F G the amount of forest cut down annually Answer: A 4 A B C D E F G how future transport requirements may increase deforestation levels Answer: F 5 A B C D E F G a reference to the typical shape of early deforested areas Answer: A 6 A B C D E F G key reasons why forests in some areas have not been cut down Answer: G

Questions 7-8

Choose TWO letters, A-E . Which TWO of these reasons do experts give for current patterns of deforestation? A to provide jobs

B to create transport routes

C to feed city dwellers D to manufacture low-budget consumer items

E to meet government targets 7. Answer: C OR D IN EITHER ORDER 8. Answer: C OR D IN EITHER ORDER

Questions 9-10

Choose TWO letters, A-E .

The list below gives some of the impacts of tropical deforestation. Which TWO of these results are mentioned by the writer of the text?

A local food supplies fall

B soil becomes less fertile

C some areas have new forest growth

D some regions become uninhabitable

E local economies suffer 9. Answer: B, C (in either order) 10. Answer: B, C (in either order)

Questions 11-13

Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 11 The expression ‘a ’ is used to assess the amount of wood used in certain types of production. Answer: forest footprint 12 Greenhouse gases result from the  that remain after trees have been cut down. Answer: decaying plants

13 About of the world’s tropical forests have not experienced deforestation yet. Answer: 60 percent

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Idea for IELTS Writing task 2 topic Deforestation và từ vựng theo chủ đề

TÓM TẮT NỘI DUNG

IELTS Writing Task 2 yêu cầu thí sinh viết một bài văn khoảng 250 từ về một vấn đề nghị luận xã hội. Để hoàn thành bài thi một cách tốt nhất, thí sinh nên chuẩn bị sẵn vốn hiểu biết cho các chủ đề nghị luận phổ biến. Bài viết này sẽ giới thiệu những ý tưởng cho bài thi IELTS Writing chủ đề Deforestation (Nạn phá rừng) qua việc phân tích những nguyên nhân, hậu quả và giải pháp của vấn đề này và cung cấp những từ vựng cần thiết.

Key takeaways:

1. Nguyên nhân của Deforestation:

Chuyển đổi đất rừng

Cháy rừng 

Khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp

2. Hậu quả của Deforestation:

Sự phá hủy môi trường sống tự nhiên

Biến đổi khí hậu

Sự xói mòn đất

3. Giải pháp cho vấn đề Deforestation:

Tăng cường, thắt chặt các quy định về bảo tồn rừng

Kế hoạch tái trồng rừng

Quy hoạch đất hợp lí

Giới thiệu về topic Deforestation 

Các vấn đề về môi trường, bao gồm Deforestation (Nạn phá rừng), là mối quan tâm của nhiều quốc gia ngày nay. Trong bài thi IELTS , thí sinh có thể được yêu cầu phân tích nguyên nhân, hậu quả hoặc giải pháp cho vấn đề này. Sau đây là một số đề bài mẫu: 

Forests produce fresh oxygen and participate in regulating climate. But every year the tree cover of our planet is lessening due to deforestation. What are the primary causes of deforestation? What results may it lead to?

Deforestation caused by human activity is happening in many parts of the world, with serious results for the environment. What do you think can be done to solve this problem?

Để giúp thí sinh có thể chuẩn bị tốt hơn khi gặp chủ đề này, bài viết sau đây sẽ liệt kê các nguyên nhân, hậu quả và giải pháp cho vấn đề Deforestation và ứng dụng trong bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2.

Idea for IELTS Writing topic Deforestation: Nguyên nhân

Forest conversion (chuyển đổi rừng thành đất nông/ công nghiệp).

Nguyên nhân chính của nạn phá rừng hiện nay việc chuyển đổi rừng thành đất sử dụng cho các mục đích nông nghiệp hoặc công nghiệp. Điều này là do nhu cầu đất đai cho cơ sở hạ tầng và đô thị hóa, hoặc để sản xuất hàng hóa nông nghiệp và tài nguyên khoáng sản đang tăng nhanh; và trong hai mươi năm cuối của thế kỷ 20, gần 1/5 diện tích rừng trên thế giới đã được chuyển đổi thành đất sử dụng cho các mục đích khác.

The main driver of deforestation today is forest conversion, which is the clearing of natural forests for agricultural or industrial purposes. This is due to the fast-growing demand for land for infrastructure and urbanization, or to produce agricultural commodities and mineral resources; and over the last twenty years of the 20th century, nearly one-fifth of worldwide forests were converted to non-forest land.

Cháy rừng (Wildfire/ Forest fire)

Nạn cháy rừng là một nguyên nhân khác dẫn đến phá rừng. Trong khi cháy rừng là hiện tượng xảy ra tự nhiên ở hầu hết các khu rừng, thì biến đổi khí hậu (gây ra thời tiết khô hạn hơn) và quản lý đất đai kém (dẫn đến sự tích tụ không tự nhiên của thảm thực vật khiến lửa cháy dữ dội hơn) đã dẫn đến cường độ cháy rừng thường xuyên hơn và ở mức độ mạnh mẽ hơn. Vì lí do này, hàng năm, hàng triệu ha rừng trên toàn thế giới đã bị thiêu rụi.

Forest fire is another driver of deforestation. While wildfire is a natural occurrence in most forest ecosystems, climate change (which causes drier weather) and poor land management (which results in the unnatural accumulation of vegetation that makes the fire burn more intensely) have led to more frequent, larger and higher-intensity wildfires, and thus millions of hectares of forest worldwide are burnt down each year.

Khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp (Illegal logging)

Một trong những lý do đằng sau nạn phá rừng là khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp (cụ thể bao gồm việc khai thác, chế biến và buôn bán gỗ vi phạm luật pháp quốc gia hoặc quốc tế). Khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp tồn tại do nhu cầu ngày càng tăng đối với gỗ, giấy và các sản phẩm có sử dụng giấy như bao bì; và vấn đề này sẽ tàn phá số lượng các khu rừng còn lại trên thế giới nếu không được giải quyết.

One of the reasons behind deforestation is illegal logging, which is the harvesting, processing and trading of timber in violation of national/ international laws. Illegal logging exists because of increasing demand for timber, paper and derivative products such as packaging; and the issue will continue to have a devastating impact on the world's remaining forests if left unaddressed.

Từ vựng chủ đề : 

forest conversion /ˈfɒrɪst kənˈvɜːrʒn/: sự chuyển đổi đất rừng thành đất dùng cho mục đích khác (nông nghiệp, công nghiệp, nhà ở, ...)

agricultural commodities /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl kəˈmɒdəti/: hàng hóa nông nghiệp

forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst faɪər/ = wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪər/ (n): cháy rừng

forest ecosystem /ˈfɒrɪst ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/: hệ sinh thái rừng

illegal logging /ɪˈliːgəl ˈlɒgɪŋ/: khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp

timber /ˈtɪmbə(r)/ (n): rừng

in violation of /ɪn ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən ɒv/: vi phạm cái gì đó (luật, quy định, ...)

have a devastating impact on /hæv ə ˈdɛvəsteɪtɪŋ ˈɪmpækt ɒn/: có tác động tàn phá lên cái gì đó

Đọc thêm: 13 collocation theo chủ đề Deforestation (phá hủy rừng)

Idea for IELTS Writing topic Deforestation: Hậu quả

Mất môi trường sống (loss of habitat).

Rừng là nơi sinh sống của hầu hết các loài sinh vật, và việc phá rừng có thể ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến các loài động thực vật khác nhau do môi trường sống của chúng bị mất hoặc bị suy thoái. Cụ thể, việc chặt bỏ cây cối và các loại thảm thực vật sẽ làm giảm nguồn thức ăn, nơi ở và nơi giao phối sẵn có; và về lâu dài, nạn phá rừng có thể đe dọa nghiêm trọng đến đa dạng sinh học của Trái đất.

Forests are home to most living species, and deforestation can negatively affect various animal and plant species due to the loss or degradation of their habitat. Particularly, the removal of trees and other types of vegetation reduces available food, shelter, and breeding habitat; and in the long run, deforestation can pose a serious threat to Earth’s biodiversity.

Biến đổi khí hậu (Climate change)

Ngoài việc đe dọa môi trường sống tự nhiên, phá rừng cũng làm tăng lượng khí nhà kính sẽ được thải vào khí quyển. Cây cối hấp thụ CO2 từ khí quyển và lưu trữ nó bên trong chúng, và khi chúng bị đốn hạ, lượng CO2 tích trữ sẽ được giải phóng trở lại không khí, từ đó có thể đẩy nhanh quá trình ấm lên toàn cầu. Đặc biệt, người ta ước tính rằng mỗi năm, nạn phá rừng đóng góp khoảng 10% vào tổng lượng khí thải làm nóng lên toàn cầu.

Apart from the loss of natural habitats, deforestation also means that a greater amount of greenhouse gases will be released into the atmosphere. Trees absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and store it inside them, and when they are cut down, the stored CO2 is released back into the atmosphere, which can accelerate the global warming process. Particularly, it is estimated that each year, deforestation contributes about 10 percent to all global warming emissions.

Xói mòn đất (Soil erosion)

Phá rừng làm suy yếu và thoái hóa đất. Đất rừng có khả năng chống sự xói mòn và các hiện tượng thời tiết khắc nghiệt, đồng thời có thể giữ nước và lớp đất mặt tốt hơn, cung cấp nhiều chất dinh dưỡng để duy trì sự sống phong phú của rừng. Không có rừng, đất dễ bị xói mòn và ngày càng yếu hơn, do đó khiến các khu vực xung quanh dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi thiên tai, ví dụ như lũ lụt hoặc sạt lở đất, đặc biệt là ở các vùng ven biển.

Deforestation weakens and degrades the soil. Forested soil is more resistant to erosion and extreme weather events, and can better retain water and topsoil, which provides rich nutrients to sustain rich forest life. Without forests, soil erodes and becomes increasingly fragile, thus leaving the area more susceptible to natural disasters such as flooding or landslides, especially in coastal regions.

Từ vựng cần lưu ý:

loss/ degradation of natural habitat /lɒs/ ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən ɒv ˈnæʧrəl ˈhæbɪtæt/: sự biến mất/ suy thoái của môi trường sống tự nhiên

breeding habitat /ˈbriːdɪŋ ˈhæbɪtæt/: môi trường sinh sản của động vật

pose a serious threat to /pəʊz ə ˈsɪərɪəs θrɛt tuː/: đặt ra một mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng đối với

biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsɪti/: sự đa dạng sinh học

greenhouse gases /ˈgriːnhaʊs ˈgæsɪz/: khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính

absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere /əbˈsɔːb ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd frɒm ði ˈætməsfɪə/: hấp thụ khí CO2 từ môi trường

accelerate global warming /əkˈsɛləreɪt ˈgləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/: đẩy nhanh sự nóng lên toàn cầu

degrade the soil /dɪˈgreɪd ðə sɔɪl/: làm suy thoái đất

(soil) erosion /(sɔɪl) ɪˈrəʊʒən/: sự xói mòn đất

provides rich nutrients to sustain rich forest life /prəˈvaɪdz rɪʧ ˈnjuːtrɪənts tuː səsˈteɪn rɪʧ ˈfɒrɪst laɪf/: cung cấp chất dinh dưỡng để duy trì sự sống đa dạng của rừng

susceptible to natural disasters /səˈsɛptəbl tuː ˈnæʧrəl dɪˈzɑːstəz/: dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi thiên tai

landslide /ˈlændslaɪdz/ (n): sạt lở đất

Idea for IELTS Writing topic Deforestation: Giải pháp

Tăng cường, thắt chặt các quy định về bảo tồn rừng (enhance forest preservation regulations).

Các luật và quy định chặt chẽ hơn từ các tổ chức và chính phủ có thể góp phần làm chậm nạn phá rừng. Bằng cách thực thi các chính sách bảo tồn rừng (ví dụ: luật về gỗ, canh tác và sử dụng đất) và cải thiện việc giám sát các hoạt động rừng, các chính phủ có thể hạn chế khai thác gỗ trái phép và các tội phạm rừng khác.

Stricter laws and regulations from organizations and governments can contribute towards slowing deforestation. By enforcing forest preservation policies (e.g. stricter laws on timber, farming & land use) and improving the monitoring of forest activities, governments can curb illegal logging and other forest crimes.

Tái trồng rừng (Reforestation)

Để chống lại nạn phá rừng, các chính phủ và các tổ chức môi trường có thể thực hiện các kế hoạch tái trồng rừng, trong đó những khu rừng đã từng bị cháy hoặc chặt phá được phục hồi và trồng lại. Điều này bao gồm việc dành những khoảng đất rộng lớn để trồng rừng; ví dụ, trong các cộng đồng địa phương và trung tâm đô thị, việc trồng rừng có thể được thực hiện xung quanh các khu vực chợ, khu bảo tồn động vật hoang dã hoặc trong các công viên thành phố. Thông qua việc trồng lại rừng, chúng ta có thể khôi phục sự ổn định do rừng mang lại, đặc biệt bằng cách khôi phục đa dạng sinh học đã mất và giảm lượng CO2 trong khí quyển.

To combat deforestation, governments and environmental organizations can carry out reforestation schemes, in which forests that were once burned down/ cut down are restored or replanted. This involves dedicating large tracts of land for cultivating forests; for example, in local communities/ urban centers, reforestation can be done around market areas, wildlife reserves, or city parks. Through reforestation, we can restore the stability offered by forests, particularly by restoring lost biodiversity and reducing CO2 in the atmosphere .

Quy hoạch đất hợp lí (Land use planning)

Quy hoạch sử dụng đất hợp lý là một trong những giải pháp khả thi nhất để ngăn chặn việc chuyển đổi rừng nhanh chóng. Đặc biệt, các chính phủ có thể thực hiện các kỹ thuật quy hoạch tập trung vào các phát triển thân thiện với môi trường, chẳng hạn như nông nghiệp đô thị và giảm bớt sự bành trướng đô thị; và điều này sẽ giúp cắt giảm đáng kể nạn phá rừng.

Proper planning of land use is one of the most feasible solutions to stop the rapid forest conversion. Particularly, governments can implement planning techniques that center on environmentally friendly development, such as urban agriculture and lessening urban and suburban sprawl; which can considerably cut back deforestation.

monitoring of forest activities /ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ ɒv ˈfɒrɪst ækˈtɪvɪtiz/: sự giám sát các hoạt động liên quan đến rừng

curb /kɜːb/ (v): ngăn chặn

forest crimes /ˈfɒrɪst kraɪmz/: tội phạm rừng

combat deforestation /ˈkɒmbæt dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/: chống các hoạt động phá rừng

reforestation schemes /ˌriːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən skiːmz/: kế hoạch trồng rừng

wildlife reserves /ˈwaɪldlaɪf rɪˈzɜːvz/: khu bảo tồn động vật hoang dã

city parks /ˈsɪti pɑːks/: công viên thành phố

restore the stability offered by forests /rɪsˈtɔː ðə stəˈbɪlɪti ˈɒfəd baɪ ˈfɒrɪsts/: khôi phục sự ổn định rừng

environmentally friendly development /ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmɛntli ˈfrɛndli dɪˈvɛləpmənt/: sự phát triển thân thiện với môi trường

urban agriculture /ˈɜːbən ˈægrɪkʌlʧə/: nông nghiệp đô thị (ngành kinh tế trong và ven đô thị, thực hiện sản xuất, chế biến và cung ứng cho người dân lương thực, thực phẩm tươi sống, hoa, ...)

urban and suburban sprawl /ˈɜːbən ænd səˈbɜːbən sprɔːl/: sự bành trướng đô thị (sự gia tăng quá mức của không gian đô thị so với thông thường)

cut back /kʌt bæk/: cắt giảm

Ứng dụng Idea for IELTS Writing topic Deforestation vào bài mẫu

Đề bài: Forests produce fresh oxygen and participate in regulating climate. But every year the tree cover of our planet is lessening due to deforestation. What are the primary causes of deforestation? What results may it lead to?

Deforestation has become one of the top issues among many countries across the world nowadays. This essay will outline a number of reasons behind the issue, and several consequences stemming from this problem.

(Dịch: Ngày nay, nạn phá rừng đã trở thành một trong những vấn đề hàng đầu của nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới. Bài tiểu luận này sẽ nêu ra một số lý do đằng sau vấn đề, và một số hệ quả bắt nguồn từ vấn đề này.)

There are several factors responsible for the rapid deforestation, with the major one being forest conversion - the clearing of natural forests for agricultural or industrial purposes. This is due to the fast-growing demand for land for infrastructure and urbanization, or to produce agricultural commodities and mineral resources; and over the last twenty years of the 20th century, nearly one-fifth of worldwide forests had been converted to non-forest land. Forest fire is another driver of deforestation. While wildfire is a natural occurrence in most forest ecosystems, climate change (which causes drier weather) and poor land management (which results in the unnatural accumulation of vegetation that makes the fire burn more intensely) have led to more frequent, larger and higher-intensity wildfires, and thus millions of hectares of forest worldwide are burnt down each year.

(Dịch: Có nhiều yếu tố gây ra nạn phá rừng, trong đó nguyên nhân chính là chuyển đổi rừng - việc chặt phá rừng tự nhiên cho mục đích nông nghiệp hoặc công nghiệp. Điều này là do nhu cầu đất đai cho cơ sở hạ tầng và đô thị hóa hoặc để sản xuất hàng hóa nông nghiệp và tài nguyên khoáng sản đang tăng nhanh; và trong hai mươi năm cuối của thế kỷ 20, gần 1/5 diện tích rừng trên toàn thế giới đã bị chuyển đổi thành đất sử dụng cho mục đích khác. Ngoài ra, cháy rừng là một nguyên nhân dẫn đến nạn phá rừng. Mặc dù cháy rừng là hiện tượng tự nhiên xảy ra ở hầu hết các hệ sinh thái rừng, nhưng biến đổi khí hậu (khiến thời tiết khô hơn) và sự quản lý đất đai kém (dẫn đến sự tích tụ của các thảm thực vật không tự nhiên làm cho ngọn lửa bùng cháy dữ dội hơn) đã dẫn đến những trận cháy rừng dữ dội, và do đó hàng triệu ha rừng trên toàn thế giới bị thiêu rụi mỗi năm.)

The possible consequences of deforestation include loss of natural habitat, and acceleration of global warming. Firstly, as forests are home to most living species, deforestation can negatively affect various animal and plant species due to the loss or degradation of their habitat. Particularly, the removal of trees and other types of vegetation reduces available food, shelter, and breeding habitat; and in the long run, deforestation can pose a serious threat to Earth’s biodiversity. Moreover, increasing deforestation means a greater amount of greenhouse gases will be released into the atmosphere. Trees absorb CO2 from the air and store it inside them, and when they are cut down, the stored CO2 is released back into the atmosphere; and this can accelerate the global warming process. Particularly, it is estimated that each year, deforestation contributes about 10 percent to all global warming emissions .

(Dịch: Các hậu quả của việc phá rừng bao gồm mất môi trường sống tự nhiên và tăng tốc độ nóng lên toàn cầu. Thứ nhất, vì rừng là nơi sinh sống của hầu hết các loài sinh vật nên việc phá rừng có thể ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến các loài động thực vật khác nhau do môi trường sống của chúng bị mất hoặc suy thoái. Đặc biệt, việc chặt bỏ cây cối và các loại thảm thực vật khác làm giảm nguồn thức ăn, nơi ở và nơi sinh sản; và về lâu dài, nạn phá rừng có thể đe dọa nghiêm trọng đến đa dạng sinh học của Trái đất. Hơn nữa, nạn phá rừng ngày càng gia tăng sẽ đồng nghĩa với việc một lượng lớn khí nhà kính sẽ được thải vào khí quyển. Điều này là bởi cây cối hấp thụ carbon dioxide từ khí quyển và lưu trữ bên trong chúng, và khi chúng bị đốn hạ, carbon tích trữ sẽ được giải phóng trở lại không khí, từ đó đẩy nhanh quá trình ấm lên toàn cầu. Cụ thể, người ta ước tính rằng mỗi năm, nạn phá rừng đóng góp khoảng 10% vào tổng lượng khí thải nóng lên toàn cầu.)

To sum up, deforestation is a critical issue affecting many countries nowadays. It’s mainly caused by forest conversion and increasing wildfire, and can result in loss of natural habitat and biodiversity, as well as climate change acceleration.

(Dịch: Tóm lại, phá rừng là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng ảnh hưởng đến nhiều quốc gia hiện nay. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu là do chuyển đổi rừng và ngày càng gia tăng cháy rừng, và những hậu quả của vấn đề này bao gồm việc làm mất môi trường sống tự nhiên và đa dạng sinh học cũng như tăng tốc độ biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu.)

Trong bài viết này, tác giả đã giới thiệu với bạn đọc Idea for IELTS Writing topic Deforestation: (Nạn phá rừng) trên 3 khía cạnh nguyên nhân, hậu quả và giải pháp. Thông qua bài viết này, tác giả hi vọng bạn đọc có thể nắm được một số kiến thức nền về chủ đề, cũng như có thể triển khai ý tưởng mạch lạc, lập bố cục bài viết chặt chẽ hơn.

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Climate Forward

‘narco-deforestation’ and the future of the amazon.

The fate of Colombia’s rainforest may lay in the hands of a rebel group linked to drugs and illegal mining.

By Manuela Andreoni

There’s a struggle for law and order in many of the world’s tropical forests, and nature is losing.

Last week, I wrote about the major progress Colombia made in 2023, slashing deforestation rates by 49 percent in a single year. But this week, we learned the trend reversed significantly in the first quarter of this year. Preliminary figures show tree loss was up 40 percent since the start of the year, Colombia’s Minister of Environment, Susana Muhamad, told reporters on Monday .

Why have things changed so quickly? Mostly because a single armed group controls much of Colombia’s rainforests.

Muhamad explained that conflicts with Estado Mayor Central, a group that is thought to run a sprawling cocaine operation among other illegal activities, were partly behind the striking numbers. “In this case, nature is being placed in the middle of the conflict,” she said. According to experts, E.M.C. had largely banned deforestation and in recent months it seems to have allowed it again.

A 2023 United Nations report referred to this entanglement between drug trafficking and environmental crime as “ narco-deforestation .” Perhaps nowhere is that phenomenon more clear than in Colombia, a country that’s both a stage for the decades-old global war on drugs and one of the most biodiverse corners of the planet, where the Andes Mountains meet the vast Amazon rainforest.

But what’s happening in Colombia underscores a growing challenge for many developing countries. Vast pristine forests are both essential to curb climate change and biodiversity loss, and they’re also prized by groups who want to hide illegal activities beneath thick tree canopies.

Today I want to explain why experts on the ground say that there’s no way to protect crucial forests like the Amazon without dealing with the growing power of armed groups.

The Colombian case

Armed groups in Colombia have long prohibited logging in the forest. The main reason, experts say, was to protect the illegal drug operations that the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, ran in the forest.

FARC’s role protecting the forest became clear after 2016, when it signed a peace deal with the Colombian government, which disarmed the group and turned it into a political party called Comunes . When FARC disbanded, a local power vacuum caused deforestation rates to skyrocket as cattle ranchers, illegal miners and dissident groups cut down forests.

But as the dust settled, the Estado Mayor Central, a dissident group controlled by Ivan Mordisco, a former FARC commander , consolidated power in much of the Colombian rainforest. The old FARC tactics of restricting logging seemed to return and deforestation rates started to fall again. Until recently.

Muhamad noted that El Niño may have also made the Amazon more vulnerable to forest fires this year. I called Rodrigo Botero, the director of an environmental nonprofit in Colombia called the Foundation for Conservation and Sustainable Development, to understand what else changed. He told me they can see new roads being opened and ranches expanding in the region. Government agents can’t stop it because the group, which is estimated to have over 3,000 troops , controls access to much of the forest.

It’s not totally clear why the E.M.C. seems to have begun allowing logging again. Botero said he feared the E.M.C. could be trying to use deforestation rates as leverage to get more favorable treatment from the government.

First, they showed the government the benefits they could deliver by forbidding deforestation, he explained. And then, Botero added, it was like they told the government, “if you can’t count on us, look at what we can do.”

It’s a global problem, too

There is no evidence that the E.M.C. were successful in what seems to be an attempt to use the Amazon as a political tool. The government says it’s actively trying to arrest Mordisco .

Politics aside, what the Colombian case made clear to me is that controlling armed groups is now a fundamental part of conservation policy.

Bram Ebus, a consultant at the International Crisis Group and an investigative reporter, has spent years documenting how both drug traffickers and rebel groups like the E.M.C. are expanding their reach in the rainforests of South America in a project called Amazon Underworld .

He told me the illegal trade managed by these powerful criminal groups is no longer restricted to drugs or minerals, though they are still major sources of income. There is growing concern that criminal networks are also tapping into a vast menu of businesses to launder their illegal gains, such as illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, ranching and land grabbing.

Researchers, journalists and government officials have long documented how mining funded conflict in Africa, Asia and Latin Americ a. Nature was collateral damage. Illegal mining operations connected to conflict have been very harmful to biodiversity in the Congo River Basin’s rainforest , for example.

Colombia continues to negotiate for peace, and its Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development didn’t comment on whether the Amazon was being used as a political tool, but added that violations will be investigated and that it will continue working to curb deforestation. (The E.M.C. could not be reached for comment.) But, in many cases, it’s becoming hard to tell politically motived groups from purely criminal gangs. That’s bad news for nature and whoever dares defend it .

Many countries simply don’t have the resources to protect forests, let alone take on armed groups. Right now, one of the developing countries with the biggest budget for forest protection, Brazil, has so few officers that each worker patrols on average an area the size of Denmark, according to an association of environmental protection officers. They are now striking to protest poor working conditions .

Meanwhile, criminal and rebel groups have continued to expand their reach.

“You see that all these groups who are participating in the conflict have one key objective, which is to expand, to get more troops, to get more money, to get more territorial control,” Ebus told me. “The environment right now is a hostage of war.”

Getting rid of ‘forever chemicals’

What happened : For the first time, the federal government is requiring municipal water systems to remove six synthetic chemicals linked to cancer and other health problems that are present in the tap water of hundreds of millions of Americans, my colleague Lisa Friedman reported.

The Environmental Protection Agency will start requiring that water providers reduce perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known collectively as PFAS, to near-zero levels. The compounds, found in everything from dental floss to firefighting foams to children’s toys, are called “forever chemicals” because they never fully degrade and can accumulate in the body and the environment. The new effort will cost at least $1.5 billion per year.

Where PFAS are found: The chemicals are so ubiquitous that they can be found in the blood of almost every person in the United States. A recent study that tested 45,000 water samples around the world found that about 31 percent of samples that weren’t near any obvious source of contamination had PFAS levels considered harmful to human health, as my colleague Delger Erdenesanaa wrote this week .

Exposure to PFAS has been associated with metabolic disorders, decreased fertility in women, developmental delays in children and increased risk of some prostate, kidney and testicular cancers, according to the E.P.A. (Lisa wrote a helpful explainer on what else we need to know about PFAS .)

The new regulation is “life changing,” Michael S. Regan, the E.P.A. administrator, told Lisa. “We are one huge step closer to finally shutting off the tap on forever chemicals once and for all.”

So what can you do to avoid PFAS? The E.P.A. maintains a list of cleaning products that are safe from these chemicals . And the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit, has been tracking companies that say they are stripping them from their products. — Manuela Andreoni

More climate news

H&M and Zara are buying cotton linked to environmental destruction and land grabbing in Brazil’s grasslands, according to an investigative report reviewed by Context .

Solar power plants produced more energy in Texas than coal for the first time in March, Canary Media reports .

The Washington Post maps access to nature in neighborhoods across the United States .

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Manuela Andreoni is a Times climate and environmental reporter and a writer for the Climate Forward newsletter. More about Manuela Andreoni

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