telstra business plan mobile

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Information about the service

Important information about this plan.

This plan allows you to data share with up to 10 eligible upfront mobile or data plans on your account. 

Your device

You may bring your own compatible device with this plan, or may purchase an eligible device with this plan, payable outright or over 12, 24 or 36 interest-free monthly payments. Some devices may not have a 36 month repayment option.

See telstra.com/device   for more information on compatible devices. If you cancel your device payment contract early, you must pay any remaining device repayments in full.

Your data usage

If you exceed your included data allowance, your speed will be capped at 1.5Mbps, and slowed further in busy periods. This means it is not suitable for HD video or high speed applications and means that some webpages, videos, social media content and files may take longer to load, but you can still stream video in standard definition, listen to music, browse the web and access social media, even if the experience is slower sometimes. Heavy data users (users in the top 1% of all data users) may experience slower speeds than other users during busy periods.

You must comply with our FairPlay Policy and not use your service in an unacceptable, unreasonable or fraudulent manner, or in a way that detrimentally interferes with the integrity of, or causes significant congestion to, the network. 

You receive SMS and/or email alerts in near real-time when you reach 50%, 85% and 100% of your Data allowance. To check your usage, install the My Telstra app on your smartphone or tablet.

Plan Speeds

Speeds may vary due to factors such as location, distance from the base station, local conditions, concurrent users, hardware and software configuration and download/upload destination. For 5G coverage information, see telstra.com/coverage

Bundle Plan

You're eligible to add on up to 5 Bundle Plans if you’re on an Essential or Premium Mobile plan. If you cancel or change your Essential or Premium Mobile plan you will no longer be eligible for Bundle Plans and existing Mobile Bundle Plans or Data Bundle Plans will be moved to an in-market plan. We’ll be in touch to let you know about these changes.

Information about pricing

Annual price review.

Our mobile and data plans include an annual price review and may increase in line with CPI in July each year. CPI measures household inflation and is released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. We'll use the CPI for full year to March quarter and any increase will be rounded to the nearest dollar and occurs within your July billing cycle. We'll let you know before any changes take effect. 

Your first month's charges

When you start your plan, you will be charged for the first month when you place your order. If you purchase a phone, tablet or mobile broadband device on repayment, you will also be charged for the first month when you place your order. If you've been invited to receive a bill for this plan, you'll be charged on your next bill.

When will I pay?

You make an initial payment when you order this plan. The monthly plan charge (see above table) is charged in on the same day each month when you service is connected. You can view your upcoming payment dates in the My Telstra app.

How do I pay?

You’ll need to pay for this plan via AutoPay from a credit or debit card (Visa, MasterCard or American Express) or a bank account. See our direct debit terms for more details.

Bill Payment Charges

• Direct Debit is our preferred payment method, you can set it up anytime at  telstra.com/directdebit
• Electronic payments – Free
• Payments made in person or by cheque – Extra $2.50 (some exemptions apply)
• Paper bills are issued unless you set up paperless billing. Set up Email Bill at  telstra.com/emailbill or for more information on your billing options visit telstra.com/fees-on-payment-methods

Other Information

Can i cancel my plan.

Yes, you can cancel your plan at any time by calling us on 13 22 00, messaging us or visiting a Telstra store. When you cancel, your service will be disconnected immediately. We won't refund any money you've already paid and you'll need to pay out any remaining hardware or accessories in full when you cancel. 

Can Telstra change my plan?

From time to time we may make changes to your plan, or we may move you to a new plan (which may cost more). If we change your plan or move you to a new plan and we reasonably consider that change or move has more than a minor detrimental impact on you:

• We’ll give you at least 30 days’ notice before making changes or automatically moving you to the closest available plan.
• If you don’t like the changes or the new plan, you can cancel your plan. If you cancel your plan, you’ll need to pay out the remaining cost of your hardware, accessories or services in full.

Fair Use Policy

You must comply with our Fair Use Policy and not use your services in an unreasonable or fraudulent manner or in a way that detrimentally interferes with the integrity of the network. We may take action if you breach the Fair Use Policy, including suspending or cancelling your service.

Need help? We're here for you.

Visit  telstra.com/contactus  for our support options. Call 13 20 00 or 133 677 (TTY), or +61 439 12 5109 from overseas, to speak to someone about your plan or to obtain a copy of this summary in an alternative /accessible format.

If there’s something you’re not happy with and you wish to make a complaint, visit  telstra.com/complaints . We like to make every attempt to resolve any issues but you can contact the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman by phone on 1800 062 058 or visit  tio.com.au/about-us/contact-us  if you would like an independent investigation

This is a summary only. The full legal terms for this plan are available at telstra.com/customer-terms

MOSB3099-Tue May 16 00:00:00 AEST 2023

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BforB Business Blog

Best Telstra Business Mobile Plan

As a business owner, having a reliable and efficient mobile plan is crucial for the success of your business. Telstra offers a range of business mobile plans that cater to different needs and requirements. Choosing the best Telstra business mobile plan can help you stay connected, productive, and cost-effective.

When selecting the right business mobile plan, it’s essential to consider factors such as call and data allowances, coverage, international roaming options, and additional features. Telstra provides various plans designed to meet the needs of small, medium, and large businesses, ensuring that you find the perfect fit for your specific requirements.

One of the key advantages of Telstra’s business mobile plans is the extensive coverage and network reliability they offer. With Telstra’s 4G coverage available in most areas across the country, you can stay connected whether you’re in the office or on the go. This ensures that you can rely on your mobile plan to keep your business running smoothly, no matter where you are.

Additionally, Telstra provides a range of additional features and services to enhance your business mobile experience. These include features such as international roaming, data sharing between devices, and access to Telstra’s suite of business apps. These features can help increase productivity, streamline communication, and save you time and money.

What is Telstra Business Mobile?

Telstra Business Mobile is a comprehensive mobile plan specifically designed for businesses. It offers a range of benefits and features that are tailored to meet the communication needs of businesses of all sizes. With Telstra Business Mobile, businesses can stay connected, productive, and efficient, no matter where they are.

One of the key advantages of Telstra Business Mobile is its extensive coverage. Telstra’s mobile network is one of the largest and most reliable in Australia, providing businesses with a strong and reliable signal even in remote areas. This ensures that businesses can stay connected with clients, customers, and employees, no matter where they are located.

In addition to its excellent coverage, Telstra Business Mobile also offers a range of flexible and customizable plans to meet the specific needs of each business. Businesses can choose from a variety of data, call, and text allowances, as well as options for international roaming and device upgrades. This flexibility allows businesses to tailor their plan to suit their individual requirements and budget.

Furthermore, Telstra Business Mobile provides businesses with access to a range of additional services and features to enhance their productivity and efficiency. These include mobile hotspot capabilities, which allow businesses to share their mobile data with other devices, as well as advanced security features to protect sensitive business data.

Overall, Telstra Business Mobile is a comprehensive mobile plan that offers businesses the flexibility, coverage, and features they need to stay connected and productive. Whether it’s for small businesses looking for a cost-effective solution or larger corporations needing extensive coverage and advanced features, Telstra Business Mobile has a plan to suit every business’s needs.

Why choose Telstra Business Mobile Plans?

Telstra offers a wide range of business mobile plans designed to meet the specific needs of businesses. Their plans come with a range of features and benefits that can help boost productivity and streamline communication for businesses of all sizes.

One of the key reasons to choose Telstra business mobile plans is their extensive coverage network. With the largest mobile network in Australia, Telstra ensures that businesses stay connected wherever they are. This reliability is crucial for businesses that need to stay in touch with clients, employees, and partners at all times.

Another advantage of Telstra business mobile plans is their flexibility. They offer a variety of plan options, allowing businesses to choose the one that best fits their needs and budget. Whether a business needs unlimited data, international calling, or a shared data allowance for multiple devices, Telstra has a plan to suit.

Telstra also provides excellent customer support to its business customers. They have dedicated business support teams who are available 24/7 to assist with any issues or queries. This level of support can be invaluable for businesses who rely heavily on their mobile devices for communication and productivity.

Lastly, Telstra business mobile plans offer additional benefits such as data pooling and international roaming. Data pooling allows businesses to combine the data allowances from multiple plans into one shared pool, ensuring no data goes to waste. International roaming options allow businesses to stay connected while traveling abroad without incurring exorbitant roaming charges.

In conclusion, Telstra business mobile plans are a great choice for businesses looking for reliable coverage, flexibility, excellent customer support, and additional benefits. With their range of plan options and features, Telstra can provide businesses with the mobile communication solutions they need to thrive.

Benefits of Telstra Business Mobile Plans

When it comes to Telstra business mobile plans, there are several benefits that make them a popular choice for businesses. Firstly, Telstra offers reliable coverage, ensuring that your business can stay connected even in remote or rural areas. This means you can rely on your mobile service to make calls, send messages, and access important data wherever you are.

Another benefit of Telstra business mobile plans is the flexibility they offer. You can choose from a range of plan options to suit your business’s needs, whether you require unlimited data or a certain number of minutes for calls. This allows you to customize your mobile plan to fit your specific requirements and budget.

In addition, Telstra offers excellent customer service for their business mobile plans. They have a dedicated team that can assist you with any issues or queries you may have, ensuring that you receive the support you need to keep your business running smoothly. This level of customer service can be particularly beneficial for businesses that rely heavily on their mobile service.

Furthermore, Telstra business mobile plans often come with additional features that can enhance your business operations. These features may include mobile hotspot capability, allowing you to share your mobile data with your team or clients on the go. Other features may include international roaming options, enabling you to use your mobile plan while traveling overseas.

In summary, Telstra business mobile plans offer reliable coverage, flexibility, excellent customer service, and additional features that can benefit your business. By choosing Telstra as your mobile provider, you can ensure that your business stays connected and has access to the features and support it needs to thrive.

Comparison of Telstra Business Mobile Plans

When it comes to choosing the right mobile plan for your business, Telstra offers a range of options to suit different needs. With different data allowances, inclusions, and pricing structures, it’s important to compare the available plans to find the best fit for your specific requirements. Here is a comparison of Telstra’s business mobile plans:

Plan 1: Mobile Data Small

• Data Allowance: This plan offers a small data allowance suitable for businesses with moderate internet usage requirements.
• Inclusions: In addition to the data, this plan includes unlimited standard calls and texts within Australia.
• Pricing: This plan is priced at a competitive rate, making it a cost-effective option.

Plan 2: Mobile Data Medium

• Data Allowance: This plan offers a medium-sized data allowance, suitable for businesses with higher data usage needs.
• Inclusions: In addition to the data, this plan includes unlimited standard calls and texts within Australia, as well as international roaming in selected countries.
• Pricing: This plan is priced slightly higher than the Mobile Data Small plan but offers extra features and benefits.

Plan 3: Mobile Data Large

• Data Allowance: This plan offers a large data allowance, suitable for businesses with heavy internet usage requirements.
• Inclusions: In addition to the data, this plan includes unlimited standard calls and texts within Australia, as well as international roaming in selected countries. It also offers additional features such as a dedicated business support line.
• Pricing: This plan is priced at a higher rate, but provides superior benefits and support for businesses with demanding needs.

By comparing these Telstra business mobile plans, you can determine which one best aligns with your company’s data usage and budget. Consider your specific requirements and choose a plan that offers the right balance of data allowance, inclusions, and pricing to meet your needs.

Plan 1: Features and Pricing

• Generous data allowance: Telstra’s Business Mobile Plan 1 offers a generous data allowance, allowing you to stay connected and productive wherever you are.
• Unlimited national calls and text: With unlimited national calls and text, you can communicate with your team and clients without worrying about exceeding your limits.
• International calls and text: Stay connected with your international clients and partners with the included international calls and text options.
• Free access to Telstra Air Wi-Fi: Enjoy free access to Telstra Air Wi-Fi hotspots across Australia, ensuring a reliable internet connection wherever you go.
• Access to Telstra’s advanced network: Telstra’s Business Mobile Plans operate on Telstra’s advanced 4G and 5G networks, providing fast and reliable connectivity.

The Telstra Business Mobile Plan 1 is competitively priced, offering great value for small businesses. The exact pricing may vary depending on your specific needs and requirements. It is recommended to contact Telstra directly or visit their website to get accurate pricing information for your business.

Additionally, Telstra periodically offers promotions and discounts on their business mobile plans, so it’s worth keeping an eye out for any current deals that may further enhance the value of the plan.

Plan 2: Features and Pricing

If you are looking for a mobile plan with a balance of features and pricing, Plan 2 from Telstra Business Mobile is a great option. With this plan, you can enjoy a range of benefits without breaking the bank.

One of the key features of Plan 2 is its generous data allowance. You’ll have access to a substantial amount of data, allowing you to browse the web, stream videos, and download files without worrying about running out of data.

In addition to the generous data allowance, Plan 2 also offers unlimited calls and texts within Australia. This means you can stay connected with friends, family, and colleagues without any restrictions or additional charges.

Another highlight of Plan 2 is its pricing structure. Telstra Business Mobile offers competitive pricing for this plan, making it an affordable option for small businesses and individuals alike. You can enjoy the benefits of a comprehensive mobile plan without breaking the bank.

Overall, Plan 2 from Telstra Business Mobile is a fantastic choice for those looking for a mobile plan with a good balance of features and pricing. With its generous data allowance, unlimited calls and texts, and competitive pricing, this plan provides everything you need to stay connected without compromising your budget.

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Australia’s Best-Rated Business Mobile Plan Providers

See Our Ratings Methodology .

Most Satisfied Customers | Vodafone

Vodafone is our winner for the 2023 mobile plan provider ratings, with an impressive five-star score across most categories, including customer satisfaction, value for money, client service, billing and plan flexibility, while it scored four stars for network coverage.

How we rate business mobile plan providers

Our ratings compare mobile phone plan providers offering business plans, based on customer satisfaction as rated by Australians.

How many Australians do we survey for our ratings?

Canstar Blue surveyed 580 Australians with a current business mobile plan service for their feedback on mobile plan providers they’ve been signed up to. Respondents had to have a current mobile phone plan for a business and that business pays the bills.

• The outcomes reported in these ratings are measured via accredited research panels managed by Qualtrics .

What criteria are used to rate business mobile plan providers?

Survey respondents are asked to rate their satisfaction with their business mobile phone plan provider from zero to 10 , with zero meaning extremely dissatisfied and 10 meaning extremely satisfied. Business mobile plan provider satisfaction is rated on the following criteria:

• Overall satisfaction: measures consumer satisfaction with a mobile plan provider as an individual score, NOT the combined total of all criteria.
• Value for money: the price paid for the mobile phone plan was reasonable for the service experienced.
• Network coverage: the mobile network offered good and reliable coverage.
• Client service: the mobile plan provider offered good service and support, and was easy to get in touch with.
• Billing: the mobile plan billing was clear and easy to understand and pay.
• Plan flexibility: the mobile plan provider offered a reasonable amount of plan flexibility.

How do we determine the winner?

The winning brand is the brand that receives the highest Overall satisfaction rating . All the scores from the Overall satisfaction criteria are then combined and averaged to determine the overall winner.

• Overall satisfaction is asked as a specific question and represents an individual measure, not a combined total of all criteria.
• The brand with the highest number of five-star ratings within the supporting criteria will become the five-star recipient in overall satisfaction, and therefore win the award. If a clear leading brand still cannot be determined from the supporting criteria, joint winners will be declared.

Which business mobile plan providers do we rate?

To qualify in the ratings results, providers must have received a minimum of 30 responses to be included. Therefore, not all mobile phone plan providers offering business services will be compared in this survey. Providers rated in this survey are listed below in order of best overall satisfaction.

Find more information on our Most Satisfied Customers ratings .

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Best business mobile plan providers

1. vodafone, ratings result.

Vodafone came out on top for the second year in a row, scoring five stars for overall satisfaction. It also scored five stars for value for money, client service, billing and plan flexibility, while it scored four stars for network coverage.

Editor’s notes

Vodafone offers the option of SIM-only plans or plans that can be bundled with a device. All that you need to do is supply your ABN/ACN on sign up, or link it to an existing Vodafone mobile plan account, with additional business plans also able be added.

Telstra took out second place with four stars for overall satisfaction, value for money, client service, billing and plan flexibility, while it scored five stars for network coverage.

Telstra offers a range of SIM-only plans or plans with a phone, with the option to bundle services onto the one plan. Its plans and device selection are essentially the same offerings as what you’ll get if you sign up to a non-business plan. If you bundle a phone with a plan, you’ll choose from a 12, 24 or 36-month device repayment period.

Ratings results

Rounding out our ratings in third is Optus with three stars for overall satisfaction and billing, while it scored four stars in the remaining categories — value for money, network coverage, client service and plan flexibility.

Optus offer a range of options for its business phone plans. While you can pick a similar selection of SIM-only plans and devices to its non-business phone plans, Optus does offer McAfee protection on up to 20 devices on its Business Choice Plus plans. Optus also offers a ‘team plan’ which includes four SIM plans with data to share and flexibility, along with the option to add on additional SIMs for an extra cost per SIM.

Other business phone plan providers

Apart from the above-mentioned providers, there are several other telcos also offering phone plans for businesses, although many of these providers might only offer SIM-only plans and no handsets for bundling. These telcos include:

• Aussie Broadband
• Southern Phone

Choosing a phone plan provider

Access to a phone and/or phone plan for work can be an essential part of a business. Of those surveyed, 27% provide employees with a mobile phone for work use and 33% upgrade handsets every one to two years.

Despite several providers offering mobile phone services to businesses, 50% of respondents have always been with the same business phone service provider. A big reason for this could be that almost a third of respondents (31%) believe the provider offers good value, while 26% believe their provider offers the best coverage or is the only provider with coverage in the area.

When choosing a provider for your business mobile phone services, there can be a lot to consider. 17% of survey respondents claimed that they don’t find the time to compare other offers and switch providers, so it might seem like a lot to think about on top of operating a business.

However, when you break it down to a few points, comparing business mobile phone plans might be more simple than you think.

Phone with a plan or SIM-only

The first thing to consider is whether you’ll need phones bundled with a phone plan — such as an iPhone or Samsung phone — or if you simply need the phone plan on its own. If you need handsets with a plan, your provider choices will mostly be limited to the big three telcos (Telstra, Optus and Vodafone).

If you just need the SIM cards with a phone plan, then you have a wider range of options to choose from.

Additional extras

Some providers will offer business-related extras such as the ability to bundle multiple services, data sharing across plans, device security software and more. If these extras are important to you, you can then compare providers to see what is available and which telco will offer the best value for you.

How much mobile data you need for your plans is pretty important. Consider what your team will be using their phone plans for — such as working on the go, accessing emails, video conferencing, making calls, etc — will help determine whether you need a plan with lots of data or not. If phones will be used primarily for making and receiving calls and accessing emails, a smaller amount of data, or a data-sharing plan, might work best. Otherwise you’ll need bigger data plans for working on the go and video conferencing.

Mobile coverage

Of course, for some workers, a phone plan can be essential when travelling for work. If your team frequently needs to travel, especially to regional and remote areas, ensuring your choice of provider has good mobile network coverage in that area is essential.

While the Telstra, Optus and Vodafone networks all offer coverage to the majority of the country, it’s worth checking the mobile coverage map before signing up to a provider to ensure that the areas your team will be working from are covered by the mobile network.

About our telco experts

Emma bradstock: senior telco specialist.

Emma Bradstock has been an authority on consumer phone, internet, technology and streaming markets in Australia for the last 4 years, with a dedication to providing Aussies with all the information they need to make better purchasing decisions. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Communications and Media from Macquarie University and has a decade of professional writing experience in print and digital media.

Samantha Howse: Consumer Research Specialist

Samantha Howse is Canstar Blue’s Consumer Research Specialist, coordinating the consumer research program behind our customer satisfaction awards across Canstar and Canstar Blue in Australia and New Zealand. Sam has earned a Bachelor of Business (Marketing) from Griffith University and, with seven years in market research and 2 years in marketing, she is experienced in survey design, implementation and analysis, coupled with an understanding of marketing principles and best practice.

Frequently asked questions

About this research.

Canstar Blue surveyed 2,022 Australian small business owners and key decision makers across a range of categories to measure and track customer satisfaction, via ISO 26362 accredited research panels managed by Qualtrics. The outcomes reported are the results from customers within the survey group whose business currently pays for a mobile phone plan that is used for business purposes– in this case, 580 people.

Brands must have received at least 30 responses to be included. Results are comparative and it should be noted that brands receiving three stars have still achieved a satisfaction measure of at least six out of 10. Not all brands available in the market have been compared in this survey. The ratings table is first sorted by star ratings and then by mean overall satisfaction. A rated brand may receive a ‘N/A’ (Not Applicable) rating if it does not receive the minimum number of responses for that criteria.

Past ratings

Here are past winners of Canstar Blue’s Most Satisfied Customers – Business Phone Plans Providers ratings:

• 2022: Vodafone
• 2021: Optus
• 2020: Vodafone
• 2019: Vodafone
• 2018: Optus
• 2017: Vodafone
• 2016: Optus
• 2015: Optus

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Compare all Optus iPhone plans in Australia with Canstar Blue, including the latest deals on the iPhone X, iPhone 8 and 8 Plus.

^By clicking on a shop online, compare now, buy online, more details, go to site or check latest prices button, you may leave Canstar Blue and be taken to a referral partner to compare. Canstar Blue may be paid for this referral. You agree that Canstar Blue’s  terms and conditions  apply to this referral. If you click on a brand that is not a referral partner, you will be taken to a brand page on Canstar Blue.

Canstar Blue may earn a fee for referrals from its website tables, and from sponsorship of certain products. Fees payable by product providers for referrals and sponsorship may vary between providers. Generally, sponsorship fees are payable in addition to referral fees. Sponsored products are clearly disclosed as such on website pages. They may appear in a number of areas of the website such as in comparison tables, on hub pages and in articles. Sponsored products may be displayed in a fixed position in a table, regardless of the product's rating, price or other attributes. The table position of a Sponsored product does not indicate any ranking or rating by Canstar. The table position of a Sponsored product does not change when a consumer changes the sort order of the table. For more information please see  How Are We Funded .

*Prices correct as of publication date.

Business vs personal mobile plans

Editor's Picks

Building a modern workplace for a remote workforce

Sweating in spring office air isn't helping, five minimum features needed in your choice of a business laptop, venom blackbook zero 15 phantom, do business plans offer any benefits for small businesses we compare mobile plans from major providers..

Have you ever wondered how ‘business’ mobile plans differ from ‘personal’ plans? 

Well, quite often for small businesses, the only significant difference is the name, according to our research.

We compared a number of business plans with equivalent consumer plans, and found some curious anomalies. In a couple of cases, for example, the fine print for ‘business’ mobile plans indicated they could only be used for personal use.

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At Optus, its $40 consumer plan provides unlimited standard national calls, unlimited SMS and MMS within Australia and to certain countries, and up to 300 voice minutes to those selected countries. Plus 7GB of data. 

And the $40 business plan? As far as we can see, the inclusions and terms are pretty much the same. The consumer plan rules out ‘non-ordinary’ or ‘commercial purpose use’ but bizarrely the critical information summary for the business plan makes the same exclusion.

So we turned to the Optus Fair Go policy for clarification.

“If you are a residential customer our services are for your personal use only,” the policy said.

“If you are a business customer, including a small to medium business customer, our services are for your use in the ordinary course of business.

“You may not use the service in a manner which is ‘unreasonable’ or ‘unacceptable’.”

That seems to mean that you aren't allowed to make or take business calls on a personal plan, or personal calls (“should I buy some milk on the way home?”) on a business plan.

An Optus spokesperson explained: “Our consumer plans are designed for personal use while our business plans are for use in the ordinary course of business plus some personal use where needed.

“We understand there will be certain circumstances where a customer needs to use their service outside its primary intended purpose. In these cases, we offer a level of flexibility for customers to make a judgement on what is reasonable and acceptable use of their service based on their contract.”

So the good news is that the way most of us use one plan for business and personal purposes is acceptable, providing the selected plan reflects the main use.

It might not be obvious from the everyday use of the terms, but Optus (and probably other carriers) distinguishes between ‘business’ and ‘commercial’ use. The company confirmed that ‘commercial use' refers to levels of voice or data use normally seen only in call centres, or to mobile data used to access enterprise-style services rather than those associated with micro to medium businesses.

And although the inclusions and price may be the same for consumer and business plans, “Our SMB plans offer a number of benefits for business customers including billing made out to your registered ABN for tax purposes, access to business specialists in over 120 of our retail stores, premium support from our dedicated SMB team when you bundle two or more services, and invitations to exclusive business events,” said the Optus spokesperson.

The Optus Fair Go policy does goes on to give several examples of unreasonable use, most of which seem quite reasonable, such as not allowing automatic diallers, resale and bulk messaging. But the prohibition on using a ‘mobile voice’ SIM card in a non ‘mobile voice’ device seems odd. What difference does it make to the carrier whether you tether a tablet to the phone or temporarily move the SIM from a phone to a tablet?

The reason, according to the Optus spokesperson, is that requiring separate SIMs “allows us to optimise their service for the device, the network and billing purposes”. Optus does allow data pooling between plans, but you’re up for at least $10 a month per additional device, though that does include 1GB of shareable data.

Over at Vodafone, it’s pretty much the same situation when it comes to distinctions between personal and business customers.

The $60 personal plan provides unlimited standard national calls, unlimited standard national and overseas SMSes, 120 standard international minutes to selected countries and 6GB of data (a special offer running at the time of writing boosts that to 12GB).

The $60 business plan has the same inclusions.

But the personal plan is for “personal use by approved customers only” while the business plan is for “personal use by approved customers with an ABN/ACN only”.

We asked Vodafone to explain how a business plan can be for personal use only, but received no reply more than a week later. The only interpretations we can suggest are either that it essentially the same as Optus's business/commercial dichotomy but using different words, or that you can’t use that plan on a phone that’s used by more than one person (for example, the phone carried by whichever member of a team is on call over a particular weekend).

Telstra's personal and business plans are slightly different. For example, $50 a month gets personal customers ‘$1000 worth of calls’, unlimited SMS and 2.5GB of data, while business customers pay $55 for ‘$1200 worth of calls’, unlimited SMS and 5GB of data.

Bear in mind Telstra’s call values are calculated on what we consider to be an inflated tariff of $1 per minute. By comparison, even a $19 Virgin Mobile prepaid recharge can have a rate as low as 15c per minute.

A Telstra spokesperson* said that customers must have an ACN or ABN to qualify for a business plan, but business customers can opt for consumer plans if they consider the price and inclusions are a better fit.

"For example, we provide our small business customers with more voice value, because we know they make calls more frequently than our consumer customers," the spokesperson said, adding that the business plans also allow for free calls between mobiles on the same account.

Other benefits of the Go Business Mobile plans include a free data SIM for use with a tablet or dongle, with both devices sharing the same pot of data, and the ability to put cloud services such as Office 365, Symantec Endpoint Protection and Deputy rostering and workforce management onto the same bill.

Data sharing across multiple services is available on Telstra's consumer and business plans.

Mobile virtual network operators – the companies that provide mobile services based on third-party networks such as Telstra, Optus or Vodafone – generally make a clear distinction between personal and business usage.

For example, the conditions for amaysim's Unlimited plans flatly state they are “available to individual customers only (not companies or businesses), who use their mobile phone for personal use only. If we determine that you are using Unlimited 3GB other than for personal use or if we determine that you are using the Plan in a way that does or may, in our opinion, adversely affect the network, we reserve the right (at our option) to transfer you to the amaysim As You Go Plan, or to immediately suspend or cancel your access to the Service”.

We asked amaysim what it considers ‘personal use’ to be, and its compliance and service operations manager Chad Heininger responded: “We see personal use as individuals using their amaysim service primarily for private use in a way not connected with carrying out a business activity. As per our Fair Go Policy, our customers are unable to use our service for ‘business purposes’ as this falls outside of personal use. We aren’t specific about what constitutes as business use, because we trust our customers to use their judgment and play by the rules. For example, we would not expect our customers to use our service to support a large business or organisation as this clearly would be for ‘business purposes’. We also expect our customers to use our service in a reasonable and acceptable manner.”

It sounds to us that there's a certain amount of wriggle room – if your small-business ‘business use’ is similar to that of a personal customer in terms of the number of calls and texts, how would Amaysim tell the difference, and why would it be bothered? That said, we're not encouraging anyone to breach the T&Cs.

While large organisations can receive volume pricing, the benefits of business plans for small businesses are hard to quantify. In fact, the differences between many personal and business plans in terms of inclusions and costs are so insignificant that we can’t help feeling that the distinction is mostly arbitrary.

However, that also means there’s rarely any downside to opting for a business plan rather than the corresponding personal version.

So if a phone is going to be used primarily for business purposes, you might as well opt for a business plan and be fully compliant with the plan’s terms and conditions. It’s likely to cost much the same – and it reduces the admittedly slight risk that your service will be terminated because you went outside the T&Cs. 

* Note: This article was updated on 21 April 2016 due to Telstra responding to our request for more information after the article's publication.

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More than a million older 4G mobile phones at risk of being blocked from making triple-0 calls in 3G shutdown

More than a million mobile phones could be cut off from calling triple-0 within months, the ABC can exclusively reveal, raising alarm about Australia's readiness for the imminent shutdown of the 3G network.

Telstra is due to switch off its 3G network on June 30 and Optus is expected to switch off the network in September, meaning devices that rely solely on 3G will no longer operate.

Despite the deadline quickly approaching, about 113,000 Telstra customers have not yet upgraded their 3G handsets. Optus would not provide the ABC with a figure. 

• Find out which devices will be affected by the 3G shutdown

But of greater concern to the government is a subset of older 4G-enabled handsets that may not be able to call triple-0 once the 3G networks are switched off because of the way those phones are configured. 

The concern is owners may not realise until they are caught out in an emergency.

Communications Minister Michelle Rowland said she was advised in March that approximately 740,000 Australians fell into that category. However, just one month later, that figure has been dramatically revised up to more than a million.

"I welcome the industry's first report to government but am concerned around their disclosure of around one million potentially impacted consumers," the minister said in a statement.

"I am considering the detail provided and next steps, and the government will have more to say about the 3G switchover soon."

The government has set up a working group, comprising Telstra, Optus, TPG, and the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) to report fortnightly to the minister and ensure a "safer" 3G shutdown.

Ms Rowland was not ruling out a delay "if warranted in the public interest", and urged telcos to scale up customer communications.

"Options exist under law for the government to consider proposals to delay the planned switchover, subject to consultation and procedural processes," she said.

Minister accused of 'negligence' 

Shadow Communications Minister David Coleman has accused the minister of being too slow to act, saying the peak industry body, AMTA, raised the alarm about the 3G shutdown and access to triple-0 services in November last year. 

"How on Earth is it possible that [the minister] didn't know about the risks until March 7?" he said. 

"It's utterly negligent."

Optus was fined $1.5 million last month after it was found to have breached "large-scale" public safety rules relating to triple-0 and emergency services.

Brisbane-based IT worker James Parker — who has been blowing the whistle on the unintended consequences of the 3G shutdown since June last year — said he believed the number of devices affected would be higher than 1 million.

A significant portion of 4G devices sold in previous years, he said, either did not support 4G Voice over LTE (VoLTE) calling, or only supported it with the telcos they were purchased with.

These are the phones that default to 3G for emergency calls.

"You will generally find that older people and people on lower incomes will more than likely have older devices running older versions of Android," Mr Parker said in a submission to a Senate inquiry.

"I can envision that many Australians with tight budgets and limited incomes may purchase used 4G phones from Cash Converters, eBay, Gumtree or Facebook Marketplace and think they are "3G switch-off ready", when in fact many will have wasted their money on devices that don't support 4G VoLTE."

The plan to switch off the 20-year-old 3G network was announced in 2019 to allow mobile carriers to boost capacity and data speeds for 4G and 5G technologies.

Telstra, Optus, and TPG (which shut down its 3G network in December) have been actively preparing the public and urging customers affected to upgrade their 3G-only devices to 4G or 5G.

With 113,000 customers yet to upgrade, Telstra has launched a simple new service that customers can use to determine whether their device will be affected: sms 3 to 3498

"Since we announced the closure of our 3G network almost five years ago, we have seen a significant decline in 3G usage across our national network," a Telstra spokesperson said in a statement.

"In fact, 3G accounts for just 1 per cent of our total network traffic."

Regional Australia nervous 

The major telcos say their 3G networks will be repurposed to expand the reach of their 4G and 5G networks but that will take time, which is concerning for some customers in regional areas where the digital divide is felt acutely.

Ed Bennett operates four-wheel drive tours in Western Australia’s picturesque Kimberley region. When he spoke to the ABC, he had just driven 2,000 kilometres from Perth to Broome and said he was relying on 3G for the bulk of the journey.

“Ninety per cent of the time, when we did have reception, it was all 3G as we drove along,” he said.

Many smaller towns and communities rely on what Telstra and Optus call "small cell technology" for mobile phone coverage, which Mr Bennett said was still mostly 3G in WA's north-west. 

He is concerned about potentially "life-threatening" gaps in coverage following the planned shutdown, which coincides with peak tourist season. 

In addition to mobile phones, there are plenty of other devices that may rely on 3G connectivity including baby monitors, medical alarms, security cameras, EFTPOS machines, and farming equipment like water monitors to ensure they are not solely reliant on 3G.

The "internet of things" is how Queensland farmers and National Farmers' Federation's telecommunications spokesman Peter Thompson describes it.

He said he was worried some Australians would wake up on July 1 to find devices they relied on had suddenly stopped working.

“This is happening,” he said.

“Check your gear, check your phones, check with your supplier.” 

Mr Thompson said Telstra and Optus had been working hard to upgrade their phone towers but no-one could guarantee the 4G and 5G footprints would be exactly the same once 3G was switched off.

The 25 most common devices that may be affected:

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Superloop internet: Plans and prices

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• What are the different types of Superloop plans?
• What do you get with Superloop internet plans?

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• How to switch to Superloop
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Superloop features breakdown

Superloop may have branched out into prepaid mobile plans , but it built its reputation as an internet provider. Look to Superloop if you’d like an internet plan via NBN or private fibre .

• Superloop is an Australian company founded by Bevan Slattery in 2014 and listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 2015. Today, it has 400,000+ customers.
• Customers can sign up for NBN or private fibre plans with Superloop, which includes the fastest speed tiers and custom business plans.
• Superloop has its own fibre network and offers connectivity virtual circuit (CVC) transparency to customers. It’s also tracked by the ACCC .
• Users can choose to upgrade their speed five times per month.

What are the different types of Superloop internet plans?

Superloop offers fixed-line NBN and private fibre internet plans that should be available to most homes in Australia, especially people in metropolitan areas.

If you live in a home connected to the NBN via Fibre-to-the-Premises (FTTP) , Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) , Fibre-to-the-Curb (FTTC) , Fibre-to-the-Building (FTTB) or Fibre-to-the-Node (FTTN) , you should be able to sign up for a Superloop NBN fixed-line plan. Most of these homes will have access to Superloop’s NBN 25/10 , NBN 50/20 , NBN 100/20 and NBN 100/40 plans . Additionally, those living in FTTP and HFC homes can also sign up for NBN 250/25 and NBN 1000/50 plans with Superloop.

Superloop also sells private fibre (non-NBN) internet plans to eligible homes, aka those serviced by Opticomm. These broadband plans are almost identical to what Superloop offers with NBN: namely, 25/5, 50/20, 100/20, 100/40, 250/25 and 1000/50.

Business owners may also want to consider Superloop’s range of business plans , which include some familiar and faster speed tiers, with a mix of Telstra Wholesale and NBN Business Ethernet plans: NBN 50/20, NBN 100/40, NBN 250/25, NBN 1000/50, NBN 100/100, 200/200, NBN 250/250, NBN 400/400, NBN 500/500 and NBN 1000/1000.

What do you get with Superloop plans?

All Superloop internet plans come with unlimited data and tend to offer six months of cheaper promotional pricing. The self-reported typical download and upload speeds across most Superloop NBN and private fibre consumer plans are identical, except where noted below:

• Opticomm 25/5: 22Mbps download, 4Mbps upload
• NBN 25/10: 22Mbps download, 8.5Mbps upload
• NBN and Opticomm 50/20: 48Mbps download, 17Mbps upload
• NBN and Opticomm 100/20: 95Mbps download, 17Mbps upload
• NBN and Opticomm 100/40: 95Mbps download, 34Mbps upload
• NBN 250/25: 230Mbps download, 21Mbps upload
• Opticomm 250/25: 240Mbps download, 21Mbps upload
• Opticomm 1000/50: 600Mbps download, 42Mbps upload
• NBN 1000/50: 700Mbps download, 42Mbps upload

Superloop typically offers six months of promotional pricing for most of its internet plans. If there’s a Superloop internet deal going today, you’ll see it below.

As is the norm with modern internet plans, Superloop NBN and private fibre plans don’t have any lock-in contracts or sign-up fees. One of the bigger Superloop perks is the option for customers to switch to a faster NBN plan for 24 hours up to five times a month (NBN 25/10 plan excluded). Any unused days can be banked up to 30; alternatively, pay $2 a day to purchase extra speed upgrade days.

Outside of the option to pay extra for a static IP address , there aren’t too many noteworthy features. Superloop customers can add a home phone service or bundle with a Superloop prepaid plan, both of which help save money on the monthly internet bill. There’s also a referral scheme to score credit for successfully referring new Superloop customers.

Superloop lets new customers opt to bring their own NBN-compatible modem . Alternatively, add an Amazon Eero 6+ router, which is free of charge if you stay connected for 18 months. You can also pay a flat fee to purchase the Eero 6+ or a ZTE H1600 modem-router . The ZTE is recommended for FTTB and FTTN homes as they need a modem-router to get online (alternatively, a separate modem and a router). The H1600 is a dual-band WiFi 6 modem-router with up to 1,800Mbps of WiFi speed, which also includes four gigabit Ethernet ports and a USB 2.0 port.

The Eero 6+ is a router that’s built for mesh WiFi expansion in larger homes or abodes prone to WiFi blackspots. A single Eero device has dual-band WiFi 6 with wireless speeds up to 3,000Mbps. Each Eero 6+ router also has two gigabit Ethernet ports, but most homes will need at least one of those ports to connect to their NBN modem.

How to switch to Superloop internet

Switching from another NBN provider to Superloop is a straightforward process. Just follow these steps to shift to Superloop:

• Click the ‘Go to Site’ button next to the Superloop plan you like best (or go to the Superloop website if that button is unavailable).
• On the Superloop website, enter your home address then click the ‘Select plan’ button to confirm selection.
• Optionally, add a mobile or home phone add-on and/or a router or modem-router.
• Click the ‘Checkout’ button at the bottom of the page, enter your details and payment details, then follow the prompts to complete sign-up.

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Disclaimer: The information featured in this article is based on our best estimates of pricing, package details, contract stipulations, and service available at the time of writing. This is not a guarantee. All information is subject to change. Pricing will vary based on various factors, including, but not limited to, the customer’s location, package chosen, added features and equipment, the purchaser’s credit score, etc. For the most accurate information, please ask your customer service representative. Clarify all fees and contract details before signing a contract or finalizing your purchase. Each individual's unique needs should be considered when deciding on chosen products.

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• Moscow, the city for life – Russia

Moscow Urban Forum in Moscow © C.Horn 2013

Recently the Moscow Government published under the headline “Moscow, the city for life” its seven development priorities. A document distributed at the Moscow Urban Forum in December 2013.

Moscow is with a population of over 12 million people one of the biggest metropolis in the world. The real number of citizens is difficult to establish as Moscow is the destination of many migrants, legal and otherwise, drawn by higher salaries and better services and living conditions. In 2010 alone, 126,000 newcomers were officially registered in the city, but the actual number is certainly much higher. The Moscow International Internet Portal indicates that “By some estimates together with commuters working and studying in Moscow, migrants, transit visitors and tourists the daily actual population of Moscow amounts in general to 15 – 20 million people”. It is forecast that by 2035 the population of the Moscow region will increase by 4,000,000 people and amount to 22,800,000 people.  It is expected that by 2020 passenger traffic generated by the ‘New Moscow’ will double whereas the capacity of the existing infrastructure is already exhausted.

Inner city road in Moscow © C.Horn 2012

After adopting in 2011 different government programs for the key directions of the capital’s development, the Moscow Government worked out in 2013 its main objectives for the creation of comfortable living conditions with the definition of seven development priorities: 1) Mobile City; 2) Comfortable urban environment; 3) Healthy city; 4) Well-educated city; 5) Socially protected city; 6) New economics of Moscow; 7) Open Moscow.

It is a large and ambitious programme highlighting the goals reached and progress made in the last years, and illustrating the objectives for the next years in numbers and graphics.

Moscow development priorities, Mobile City © Moscow

An important part takes the improvement and development of the transport infrastructure. Moscow is literally suffocated by the significant growth of the personal car fleet, doubling from 2.6 millions cars in 2000 to 4.5 million in 2012 and the increase of commuting du amongst others to the ongoing separation of business centres and residential areas. Over two-thirds of the municipal investments have been assigned in future for the improvement and modernisation of the transport infrastructure, roads and public transport, an estimated 329 billion roubles for 2013.

Moscow Subway Plan 2013-2020 © Moscow Subway

Today over 60% of the total volume of Moscow passenger transportation is carried by the subway and this traffic capacity should increase by 1.2 billions persons annually. Just to illustrate the ambitions, the program foresees to rise the average annual construction of subway stations from 2.75 stations, from 2009 – 2012, up to 9.1 stations per year for the period 2013-2020, with the final objective to construct 73 new stations by 2020. They say themselves, that it is the most rapid construction program in the entire history of the Moscow subway. In comparison the metro line of the Paris metropolis, Le Grand Paris Express, foresees to build 205 km of metro lines and 72 new stations between 2013 and 2030. It seems that Moscow want to do in less than half the time.

The development priorities draw the picture of a metropolis with a population using in the last years more intensely the public spaces, the cultural institutions, the shopping area and demanding for a higher urban living standard. A population that has better access to medical facilities and a growing life expectancy, 75.8 years in 2012, and a growing natality rate. A population with opportunities for a better education starting from more kindergartens over preschools to high schools. Interesting is the development of the average salary of a school teacher in Moscow, from 39200 roubles in 2010 up to 64100 roubles in 2013: an average annual growth of 12% in a context of an inflation of approximately 6 %, leaving a real salary growth of 6 % per year. Not bad, seen from a Western European perspective.

Pedestrian Street in Moscow © C.Horn 2013

But Moscow also wants to be a city that cares about its less fortunate citizens. The program is about social protection of older generations, assistance to needy families and persons with limited capabilities. It is about free access to public services, like transport, medical treatment, recreation, financial support and accessibility of public buildings. It also concerns providing housing for certain categories of citizens, probably one of the most difficult task, as Moscow has been ranked regularly among the five most expensive cities in the world in terms of the cost of housing.

To finance this new and improved public facilities and services, the Moscow Government counts on the dynamic of investments, supposed to grow from 732 billion roubles in 2010 up to 1719 in 2016. A mixture of better services for the investors, improved infrastructures and tax incentives should keep the dynamic going.

Gorky Park in Moscow in summer © www.2away.de

The Open Moscow development priority aims to create and strengthen the links between to residents and the public services. Improvements in the information and communication with the citizens, in the collecting and carrying out of suggestions of the citizens, and monitoring the activities of the public officers of municipal services, probably to fight corruption and try to establish a kind of confidence. Different internet sites like the Our City Website , regrouped in one Open Data Portal , should play in mayor part in this new Open Moscow development.

This program looks like a step in the right direction. It is developing Moscow towards a multi-layer, multi-functional city, trying to diversify the transport system, the municipal offer in public spaces, recreation and medial facilities, and supporting the poorer populations. The success of the renewal and transformation of the Gorky Park is a sign of these multi-functional and high-quality public spaces and the demand of the citizens for such spaces.

What is still missing for me is a clearer image of what Moscow wants to be in its whole, and in its parts. For the moment the document is set up as a catalogue of good intended programs, but not yet as an integral city development program. An example is the important investments in the public transport and in the road system, with the hope to encourage the citizens to abandon their excessive use of personal transport. But as long as the Moscow develops its road and parking system, citizens might prefer their car to public transport. Further detailed choices have to be taken on the different aspects of these programs and their feasibility in the near future.

Annotation: For this article I analysed the English version of the publication “Moscow, the city for life – Moscow development priorities” from the Moscow Government. During the lecture I got the impression that some mistakes had been made in the English translation. Download for the Russian version of the document (pdf) : Moscow City for life ru

Author: Christian Horn is the head of the architecture and urban planning office rethink

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Hi, I have not been able to obtain this document in english. Do you by any chance have it and can share it with me? Please contact me at [email protected]

Nice. Can I have the English documents?

Hello, thank you for your interest. I have the Russian version in PDF and I can send it to you, if you like. But the English documents only on paper. Best regards, Christian

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Moscow International Business Centre (MIBC)

The Moscow International Business Centre (MIBC) is an ambitious engineering project in the centre of Moscow. The site is

Estimated Investment

$12 billion

Construction Started

Moscow, Russia

Project Type

Business complex (city within a city)

CITY JSC, Moscow City Government

The Moscow International Business Centre (MIBC) is an ambitious engineering project in the centre of Moscow. The site is on an old urban area near the river embankment. The goal of the project is to create a new business district within the city.

The whole complex is to be built on a 100ha site (divided into 30 plots) designated for new development on the Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. The management company for the project is CITY Joint Stock Company (CITY JSC), a company first set up in 1992 as a collaboration between the Russian government and private investors.

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The project was first launched in the early 1990s but has been stalled for much of the last 10 years due to a lack of investment. In 2003 the project started to attract investment again and has been gaining momentum ever since.

PLOT 1: BAGRATION BRIDGE AND TOWER 2000 OFFICE COMPLEX

The first major building constructed in the MIBC project on Plot 1 was the Bagration Bridge (pedestrian bridge) and mall, completed in 1999. The second project was the Tower 2000 office complex, a multi-use business complex begun in 1996 and completed in 2001. The building is 106m high and has 30 storeys above ground and four storeys below. The total floor area of the complex is 60,000m².

The underground area contains parking garages, restaurants, retail areas and a fitness centre. Floors 3–15 and 17–26 are business offices while floors 8 and 27 have a media centre, large exhibition hall and piano bar.

The business areas are served by structured cable network, fibre optic cable, satellite broadcasting, Wi Fi and ADSL Internet access, automatic digital telephone exchange with integration of services, local broadcasting system, municipal broadcasting network, electric timing system, data collection and processing system, audio and video systems, simultaneous interpreting system, conference system, video projection system and security systems including biometric access control and a monitoring system.

The tower also has a central air conditioning system, auxiliary exhaust ventilation system, cooler and heat supply systems, Uninterruptible Power Supply system (UPS), automatic fire security system, automatic volumetric fire-fighting system, sprinkler system and automatic smoke removal system.

The general contractor for the tower was Promstroytechnologia-M Company Ltd. The facade of the tower, which is made of glass and structured concrete, was constructed by Transwall Technology. The tower is equipped with 17 computerised rapid elevators, supplied and installed by Schindler Aufzuege AG, and an outer panoramic elevator, supplied and installed by Kone Lifts. The exterior lighting equipment was supplied and installed by Thorn.

PLOTS 2 AND 3: MOSCOW WEDDING PALACE AND CITY SQUARE

The sites designated by plots 2 and 3 are now to be developed as the Moscow Wedding Palace and City Square. This will include a city square, an underground retail complex and a 14 storey multipurpose complex, which will include the Wedding Palace, banquet halls, restaurants, shops and a hotel.

The developer is Capital City Developments. The architect is Mosproject – 2. The construction started in 2005 and is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2007.

PLOT 4: AQUAPARK

The Aquapark leisure complex was started in 2002 and was completed in 2005. The site occupies a 1.74ha area adjacent to Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. It includes:

• Complex of swimming pools, water mountains and leisure attractions, restaurants and cafes and retail areas (24,352m²)
• Five-star, 30-storey hotel complex (54,640m²) built on a six-storey podium containing retail areas, restaurants and nightclubs
• Parking to accommodate 425 vehicles (13,050m²)
• The aqua park will be connected with a mooring on the Moscva River

The developer of the complex was Aqua-City Palas Company Ltd. The project required an estimated investment of $230 million. The general contractor was Liard Stroy Ltd and the designers were Mosproekt-2 of Russia and Tkhomesto Engineering of Finland.

PLOTS 6, 7 AND 8: UNDERGROUND MALL AND METRO STATIONS

A large underground complex containing the central core of the MIBC, an underground mall and two metro stations is located on these plots. Construction started in late 2001 on the 5.1ha site and was completed in mid-2004. The complex has a total floor area of 150,000m² and includes:

• 35,000m² shopping mall
• 20,000m² multi-purpose performance complex
• 10,000m² dancing complex
• 15,500m² sports and leisure complex
• 30,000m² ‘Wonderful World of Entertainment’ theme park
• 7,000m² restaurant complex
• 30,000m² hotel

The complex developer was CITY JSC and the designers were Mosproekt-2. The construction engineers were Bovis Europe and Jones Lang Lassale of the UK.

PLOT 9: CAPITAL CITY PROJECT

This project involves the construction of two connected tower blocks and a dome. The towers will be of 73 and 62 storeys high, with a 16-storey domed building containing an atrium. Connecting the buildings will be a podium building with three storeys above ground and 4–6 below ground.

The lower levels of each tower will be for office space (200,000m²), while the upper levels (above 80m) will be residential and the dome will be used as a retail area. The investment for the project is $250 million.

The developer is Capital Group; the construction engineers are Bouygues Construction and the architects are Erick van Egeraat Associated Architects of Holland. Construction has been underway since 2005 and the project is scheduled for completion in mid-2007.

PLOT 10: NABEREZHNAYA TOWER

This project involves the construction of a new office and apartment complex consisting of three A-Class buildings 16 (86m), 27 (135m) and 52 (250m) storeys high, with a total floor area of 220,000m². The construction began in mid-2003 on the 2.55ha site with the smallest of the three buildings.

The first building was completed in autumn 2004. Enka, a Turkish construction company , is carrying out the development and construction. Enka has invested a total of $150 million so far. Work is continuing on the other two buildings with completion expected in 2007.

PLOTS 11 AND 12: MIXED-USE TOWER BLOCK

The major project on these plots will be a 300m, 75-storey, mixed-use tower block with over 204,000m² of floor space. The facilities will include commercial and government offices, residential areas, retail space, leisure and health centres and a four-star hotel.

Offices will occupy the floors 4–45, while apartments are on floors 48–66. The building was designed as a two-tier skyscraper, 30 floors in the first tier and 37 in the second one. The second floor of the building will be occupied by a casino. The 47th floor will be occupied by a gymnasium.

The designers for the project are Swanke Hayden Connell Architects and the investors are Techinvest, who are investing $270 million. The contractors for the construction are Summa, a Turkish development company. Groundwork was carried out by Kaskatas. Construction on the building started in the third quarter of 2004 with completion scheduled for late 2006.

PLOT 13: FEDERATION OFFICE COMPLEX

The Federatsiya (Federation) office complex is to consist of two towers, one 57 storeys high and the other 87 storeys (345m), and a podium. The 87-storey tower will hold offices and the 57-storey tower will include residential apartments and a hotel. The total floor area of the complex will be 240,000m².

The podium will have three to five levels and 30,000m² of floor space and will contain retail areas, banking facilities, cafes, restaurants and leisure facilities. The complex will have 14 lifts built between the two towers, including four ‘Shuttle’ round-observation lifts.

Stroimontage and NIKoil Financial Group will invest more than $500 million in the project. The architects for the project are P Schweger, S Tchoban and A Asadov of Germany. Stroimontage is the general contractor for the project. Construction started in April 2004 and the complex is scheduled for completion by 2008.

PLOT 15: CITY HALL AND DUMAS

Plots 2 and 3 are owned by the Moscow City Government and original plans were for the new City Hall and Dumas (Parliament) buildings to be located there. However, these buildings will now occupy Plot 15.

The construction on Plot 15 consists of four 70-storey interconnected 308.4m buildings. The project started in November 2005 and will be finished by the end of 2007.

It is expected that all government administration will be accumulated in the new complex to provide better organisation, allowing the buildings currently in use to be sold.

The four skyscrapers will be connected by several two storey bridges between towers and eight storey bridges at the top. The highest bridges will be built in shape of letter ‘M’ for ‘Moscow’.

PLOT 16: RUSSIA TOWER

Plans for a 600m-tall tower to be built in Moscow to designs by British architect Sir Norman Foster were released in March 2006. ST Towers is the developer behind the project and is part of the ST Group.

The Russia Tower will be more than 50% higher than the Empire State Building and is to be built within the Moskva-City development on Plot 16 near the site’s border with the Third Ring Road. It will overshadow the 430m Federation Tower under construction at Moskva-City, which developers say will be the tallest building in Europe when it is completed in 2008.

The 420,000m² tower is a striking design comprising three blade-like structures arranged in a trefoil-like plan around a central core and tapering sharply toward the top, with part of the steel structure exposed on the outside like an exoskeleton.

Described by the architect as a vertical city, the tower is to house parking and retail space on nine underground levels, a public ice rink on the first floor under a spacious, pyramidal atrium, a hotel with serviced apartments above, 24 floors of office, high-end apartments on the top levels and a public observation deck at the very top. The resident population of the tower could be 25,000.

The Russia Tower is billed as an environmentally friendly project, maximizing natural ventilation and lighting, with solar cells, the collection of rainwater and snow to reduce water demand and the recycling of energy between areas with varying levels of demand. In addition, atria several floors high are to be spaced throughout the building’s central core and decorated with plants, providing the luxury apartments on the upper floors with private gardens in the sky.

The construction of the tower is expected to cost about $1.5 billion; of this about $150 million to $200 million would be supplied by ST Towers. Plans for the tower have been approved and it should be finished by about 2010. Construction has not yet started.

PLOT 17 AND 18: MULTI-PURPOSE OFFICE-HOTEL COMPLEX

The multipurpose complex will include two towers (80 and 78 floors), with a common underground space for parking. The high tower will contain office premises and the second tower will be a hotel.

The complex will also contain a roof-top restaurant with a panoramic view, cafes and bars, conference halls and billiard club. The architect is Skidmore, Owinds, and Merrill LLP. No dates have yet been announced.

PLOT 19: NORTHERN TOWERS

An office complex is being developed on this plot by ZAO Severnaya Bashnya. The Northern Towers will consist of three buildings – two 12-storey and one 29-storey. These will contain 135,000m² of floor space.

The architect is Project Institute 2 and the construction engineer is Bau Holding Strabag AG (Austria). Interior design in the building will be carried out by ABD Limited, and legal services with regard to lease documents are provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The first phase of Northern Tower is scheduled for shell and core delivery by the fourth quarter of 2006. The marketing and leasing campaign has already started. Raiffeisenbank has agreed to become the first tenant of the complex.

Northern Tower will feature spectacular atriums, prime office premises and a multi-level parking for 688 cars. There will also be a multi-functional conference hall for up to 200 people, banking premises, restaurants and cafes, a fitness centre with a swimming pool operated by Reebok, a professional dental clinic and a beauty parlour.

POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION

The power supply for the new MIBC has been a subject of much contention among foreign investors. The complex requires an efficient power distribution system operating at 20kV rather than the more typical 10kV.

CITY JSC and power supplier Mosenergo JSC put forward a proposal in 1999 to the Moscow City Government to develop a new power network for the MIBC, mini-metro, metro junction core, Eurostation and Sheremetyevo-Moscow Rapid Transit System.

The power and heat supply for the MIBC will be provided from three sources: the Mosenergo power station ‘SS-CITY-1’; the district heat and power station ‘Krasnya Prsnya’; and the MIBC power plant on Plot 7A, which entered its first phase of construction in 2002–2003 and is now well into its second phase with completion expected in 2006.

Having established the power supply sources, the next part of the project was the bulk power and distribution network to support the MIBC. Phase 1 of the MIBC power plant has seen the construction of a Gas Turbine Unit (GTU) and Heat and Power Plant (HPP) with a capacity of 50MW and a substation with two transformers for 110V from 20kV and 110V from 10kV and two 63MVA distribution units. The next phase will see an increase of capacity up to 100MW.

The developers of the power plant are CITY JSC and CITY-ENERGO Company Ltd. The contractors for the project are Liard-Stroy Ltd and the designers of the plant were Mosproekt-2 and VNIPI Energoprom.

TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION

The Moscow–Sheremetyevo line is the first phase of the RTS to connect the three satellite airports to the centre of Moscow. This first line, 34.3km in length, will provide interconnectivity between the airport, regional centres and urban junctions and also interconnect with the existing municipal transport system. The project was started in 2001 and eight stations were planned. This stage is now complete.

The developer for the RTS is CITY JSC in collaboration with the City of Moscow; the designer is SNC Lavalin of Canada. The Phase 2 section of the project to extend the line to cover Vnukovo Airport was started in 2004 and is now nearing completion (scheduled to open in 2007).

The RTS development not only concerns rail links to the new commerical centre of Moscow but it is also a development in its own right. The Plot 11 development will include the construction of the new Moscow transport terminal uniting the RTS, three lines of the underground and the intercity bus terminal.

The complex will include transport stations with waiting rooms, boarding areas for VIPs, a hall of customs inspection, left-luggage offices, a 342 room hotel and ticket offices.

For this section of the development Citer Invest B.V. of the Netherlands is the developer, Behnish and Behnish Architekten of Germany are the architects. The investment is $200 million and construction is underway with an expected completion in 2007.

MINI-METRO LINE

A mini-metro line was also constructed to provide transportation within the MIBC and to connect with the historical centre of Moscow. There are three stations, one constructed in Phase 1 of the project and two in Phase 2. The three stations are Dorogomilovskaya, International and Moscow – City.

The length of the line is 5.85km. The engineering and transport contractors were Metrogiprotrans JSC. The line along with the International and Moscow – City stations came into operation in September 2005.

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Moscow hopes to become first 5G city by 2020

One of the 5G network will be a speed of 100 megabits per second for residents of large cities.

The Moscow mayor's office is in talks with a consortium of mobile operators over the possibility of developing 5G networks, the Kommersant daily reported on April 7. The government is determined to make the project an attractive investment for the operators and hopes the Russian capital will have 5G networks in 2020. 

Moscow’s telecom market is divided between four major players: Russian companies Megfon, VimpelCom, and MTS, plus European Tele2 – which entered the fray in 2015. A query from RBTH about a 5G consortium received an optimistic response from Megafon and Tele2, but VimpelCom and MTS decided not to answer. 

"The consortium may lay the foundation for the joint development of this technology by all the operators," said Konstantin Prokshin, head of strategic communications at Tele2.

The support of the authorities is important for telecom operators because such issues as equipment deployment and power supply can often be solved only with the government’s help, explained Yulia Dorokhina, head of the press service at Megafon.

2018 World Cup and rivalry with London

City of London Corp., which runs London's financial center at the municipal level, has announced its plans to switch to the 5G standard as soon as it becomes available, writes The Financial Times. The company has signed a multimillion dollar wireless Internet upgrade contract with Cornerstone, which is owned by the Vodafone and O2 telecom operators.

Global capitals will be competing with each other over which of them will become the first to switch to 5G, said Konstantin Prokshin. The pace at which new technologies are introduced suggests that Moscow can indeed become one of the leaders in the development of 5G, he added. "Moscow's mobile market is one of the most developed in the world, with a low average cost of services and high quality," Prokshin pointed out.

During the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Megafon plans to set up 5G test zones, Yulia Dorokhina said. "One of the main advantages offered by the new network is its huge capacity. The client receives high-quality signal in places of mass gathering of people – stadiums, railway stations, traffic jams," she added.

What is known about 5G today

Exact 5G specifications are still being developed, but one of them – as identified by the Next Generation Mobile Networks alliance – will be a speed of 100 megabits per second for residents of large cities.

"So far, some disparate research experiments have been conducted. What exactly the 'fifth generation' will provide is not quite clear," said Vladimir Korovkin, head of Innovations and Digital Technologies at the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo.

He added that the focus of 5G developers is not to increase the bandwidth of the channel, but to provide a guaranteed high-speed signal and density of coverage. "Both these features are important for mass use of M2M (machine to machine) networks," Korovkin explained.

One of the crucial questions is who will be producing the technical equipment and how the link to international networks will work. For the first time, Chinese companies, in particular Huawei, are taking an active part in creating a new standard, Korovkin pointed out. For example, Megafon has successfully tested mobile data transmission at 1 Gbit/s using Huawei equipment and at 5 Gbit/s during network equipment tests with the Finnish company Nokia, Dorokhina said.

Read more: Russians believe their life would not change without Internet>>>

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Vodafone hikes mobile plan prices – is it still cheaper than Telstra and Optus?

Vodafone's SIM only plans will now cost an extra $48 a year.

Vodafone's mobile plans are getting more expensive by $4 a month but the telco's also giving more data in return.

Luckily existing users will not be impacted as long as they stick to their current plan.

Here's a look at the changes across its 3 SIM only plans:

This makes Vodafone the last of the major telcos to raise its mobile plan prices after both Telstra and Optus hiked theirs in July 2023, adding to the cost of living pressures.

"This news isn't shocking. Vodafone tends to update its pricing a few months after Optus and Telstra. It did the same last year. Yes they've now added more data to each of their plans alongside the price increase, but given the average Aussie uses 12.8GB a month, the additional data will likely be wasted by most people." Finder's tech and utilities expert Mariam Gabaji

Are Vodafone's mobile plans still worth it?

While the price of Vodafone's plans has gone up, the cost per GB works out to be better compared to the old plans.

Interestingly, Vodafone's prices are now the same as Optus's small, medium and large SIM only plans. The point of difference is Vodafone offers more data in return.

Telstra remains the more expensive provider of the lot. The starting price of its entry-level SIM only plan is $62 a month for 50GB.

Keep in mind though, Vodafone's mobile coverage is less than Telstra and Optus and may not suit those living in rural or regional Australia.

If that's not an issue and you want to go with a major telco that offers a generous data allowance at a decent price, then Vodafone may still suit your needs.

Plus you'll also get:

• No excess data charges. Your speeds will get slowed to 2Mbps however if you've used your data allowance.
• Unlimited international texts. Plus 300 minutes on the $59 plan and above.
• A $5 a day roaming add-on to your plan. This allows you to use your mobile plan overseas.

How can I save on my mobile plan?

If you've made a New Year's resolution to save money on your phone plan in 2024 and Vodafone's price rise has thrown a spanner in the works, then there are still options available.

You're able to get mobile plans for as little as $20 a month or under from smaller providers.

Calculate how much data you need before comparing mobile plans to find one best suited to your budget and requirements.

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The demise of daily letters, 3G and cash – are governments leaving us old (and young) fogeys behind?

Technology evolves and consumer preferences change – but governments and industry have a duty to plan for the big shifts

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For many years I enjoyed free-to-air television perfectly well in standard definition, with no fear of missing out on shiny high definition.

Then one day they turned the SD off.

AFL football, down the dial on 7Mate, was no longer available to me unless I went to the pub or paid for an expensive subscription or streaming service.

So I reluctantly bought a new digital TV, thinking: “Wouldn’t it be better if they’d just kept things the same?”

I had become a young(ish) fogey.

Lately I’ve been thinking about the fogeys, young and old, and how public policy balances the interests of those who have moved with the times and those who would be quite happy standing still.

Today marks the end of daily letter deliveries.

In response to the long-term decline of letters and Australia Post’s first loss in eight years, the postal service has shifted to delivering ordinary letters and unaddressed mail every other business day. Urgent mail, including Express Post, will still come daily.

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Paul Graham, the chief executive of Australia Post , is putting a positive spin on it.

“The new regulations will enable Australia Post to focus on what Australians want most: flexible and more reliable parcel deliveries with enhanced tracking technology and more delivery options,” he says.

“Households now receive about two letters per week, and we expect this to halve in the next five years.”

When you put it that way, the shift makes sense. While we can all wait another business day for that bill, traffic fine or charity letter, there are some changes that are not quite so consequence-free.

Last week the ABC reported on concerns that more than a million mobile phones could be cut off from calling triple zero within months due to the planned shutdown of the 3G network.

The communications minister, Michelle Rowland, told parliament in March she is “not satisfied that adequate efforts have been made by industry to identify and inform their impacted customers” of the impending shutdown.

Telstra, Optus and TPG were ordered to develop action plans, with fortnightly updates.

Rowland said the government “takes this issue extremely seriously” and noted she had “options … in law”, including to delay the 3G switchover. Fixing the triple zero issue was the “absolute priority”.

But what about small businesses in the regions with older Eftpos machines that use 3G? Or the elderly relative of a colleague of mine who needs an older-style 3G phone due to vision loss?

Presumably they’ll just have to get with the times, even if the available range of dumbphones is extremely limited.

We see the same kinds of balances between the old and new ways over the decline in use of cash and the related issue of the viability of Armaguard , which has a near-monopoly on cash delivery in Australia.

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The Morrison government tried to ban cash payments of more than $10,000 as a measure to tackle the hidden economy and crime. It faced a revolt from minor parties and within its own ranks, and overturned the policy .

But that doesn’t change the fact Australians are using less and less cash.

Over Easter there was a minor scare over whether supermarkets would limit cash withdrawals. It’s something we should expect to see more of in future: cash droughts or cash deserts.

That will affect people who want privacy in their transactions, people who use physical cash as a budgeting measure, those of us who don’t want to pay sneaky little fees every time they tap and go – which is particularly galling in businesses that won’t accept cash at all.

The big four banks stood ready to bail out Armaguard , in line with the Reserve Bank’s desire for banks to pay for more of the cost of moving money and maintain their ATM networks.

Another flashpoint is the closure of regional banks, which has been the subject of a long-running Senate inquiry . It’s had 12 public hearings so far with another coming on Tuesday in the retiree-heavy Bribie Island, Queensland.

I’ve not been covering the hearings but a neutral observer noted to me that it’s been quite a sight watching the outrage of communities over closures contrasted with the cool logic of the banks that the statistics don’t lie: clearly most people don’t want or need to walk in to a branch.

Their sense was the bank leaving town had become a totem for everything they didn’t like about change, and had very little to do with their frequency of using in-person banking services.

The demise of daily letters, 3G and cash are thorny issues because for the few for who they matter, they matter a lot.

Time passes, technology and consumer preferences change. It’s easy for the minority to be pulled along by the views of an indifferent majority like a receding tide.

There are worse things that could happen than having to buy a new TV to watch the footy or only getting letters every other day. But governments and industry have to plan for the big shifts.

For those who have no difficulty adjusting, a little bit of empathy for the fogeys who feel left behind never goes astray either.

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Moscow International Business Center (Moscow City)

• Guide to Russia

What can you do at Moscow City?

• Dine in style: Moscow City is home to 100+ cafes and restaurants, including Europe’s highest restaurant and ice-cream shop
• See Moscow like never before: Ascend to one of Moscow City’s observation decks for an unparalleled panorama of Moscow
• Admire world-class architecture: Each of Moscow City’s skyscrapers has distinctive architecture and design
• Learn something new: Visit the Museum of High-Rise Architecture in Moscow or the Metro Museum

Moscow City is a multifunctional complex in the west of Moscow, which has come to represent the booming business of Russia’s capital. Its skyscrapers enrich Moscow’s skyline, contrasting the medieval cupolas and Stalinist high-rises. Visitors to Moscow City can enjoy entertainment high in the sky, as the complex is home not just to offices, but to restaurants, cinemas, viewing platforms, and museums.

Photo by Alex Zarubi on Unsplash

History of Moscow City

Moscow City was first conceived in 1991 by honoured Soviet architect Boris Tkhor, who proposed to construct a business center in Moscow. It would be complete with gleaming skyscrapers rivalling those of New York and London, to reflect the new life and growing ambitions of post-Soviet Russia.

The chosen site was a stone quarry and disused industrial zone in western Moscow, in between the Third Ring Road and Moskva River. Initially, the territory was divided into 20 sections arranged in a horseshoe shape around a central zone. The skyscrapers would increase in height as they spiralled around the central section, with shorter structures built on the waterfront to give the taller buildings behind a view of the river. 

Architect Gennady Sirota, who contributed to iconic projects such as the Olympic Sports Complex on Prospekt Mira, was selected as the chief architect, and many other world-famous architects were attracted to Moscow to realise their visions in Moscow City.

What can you see and do at Moscow City?

Where Moscow’s cityscape was once dominated by Stalin’s Seven Sisters skyscrapers , this is no more. Moscow City is home to eight of Russia’s ten tallest buildings, six of which exceed 300 metres in height. More buildings are still under construction there today, including the One Tower (which will be Europe’s second-tallest building). Once completed, Moscow City will comprise more than 20 innovative structures.

Each of Moscow City’s skyscrapers was designed by its own architect, lending the cluster of skyscrapers a unique appearance. Aside from being a site of architectural wonder, Moscow City is a place for leisure and entertainment with over 100 cafes and restaurants, exhibition spaces, cinemas, viewing platforms, and more.

Photo by Nikita Karimov on Unsplash

Federation Tower

• East Tower: 374m, 97 floors; West Tower: 243m, 63 floors
• Completed in 2017
• Architects: Sergey Tchoban and Peter Schweger

The East Federation Tower is the tallest building in Moscow, and the second-tallest building in Europe after the Lakhta Centre in St Petersburg. Visitors can enjoy a luxurious meal of seafood, truffles or steak at restaurant ‘Sixty’ on the 62nd floor of the West Tower, or visit Europe’s highest observation deck, ‘Panorama 360’, on the 89th floor of the East Tower.

Did you know? The ice cream and chocolate shop on the 360 observation deck are the highest in the world!

• South Tower: 354m, 85 floors; North Tower: 254m, 49 floors
• Completed in 2015
• Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

The South OKO Tower is the third-tallest building in Russia and Europe. Here, you can visit ‘Ruski’ to dine on hearty Russian cuisine cooked on a real Russian stove, and have a drink in the ice bar. Alternatively, visit restaurant, nightclub and performance space ‘Birds’; the restaurant is the highest in Europe, situated on the 86th floor roof terrace alongside an observation deck. The OKO Towers are also home to karaoke club ‘City Voice’.

Did you know? Underneath OKO Towers is the largest underground parking in Europe, with 16 levels and 3,400 parking spaces.

Mercury Tower

• 339m tall, 75 floors
• Architects : Mikhail Posokhin, Frank Williams, Gennady Sirota

Another multifunctional skyscraper, which was designed as the first truly ‘green’ building in Moscow. The Mercury Tower has a distinct geometric shape and copper-coloured glazing, and was the tallest building in Europe upon completion. Visit ‘More i myaso’ (Sea and meat) on the first floor of the tower to enjoy European and Mediterranean cuisine whilst surrounded by greenery. On the 2nd and 40th floors a modern art gallery, the ‘ILONA-K artspace’, has just opened.

City of Capitals

• Moscow Tower: 302m, 76 floors; St Petersburg Tower: 257m, 65 floors
• Completed in 2009
• Architect: Bureau NBBJ

The unique geometric design of the City of Capitals towers resembles stacks of rotating blocks, and is rooted in Constructivism of the early Soviet period (many Soviet Constructivist buildings can be found in Moscow). Visitors to the Moscow Tower can enjoy a range of cuisines – traditional Italian dishes on the summer terrace of ‘Tutto Bene’, Panasian cuisine in the tropical luxury of the ‘Bamboo Bar’ on the 1st floor’, and poke or smoothie bowls at ‘Soul in the Bowl’ cafe on the 80th floor.

Tower on the Embankment

• Tower A: 84m; Tower B:127m; Tower C: 268m, 61 floors
• Completed in 2007
• Architects: Vehbi Inan and Olcay Erturk

After completion, the Tower on the Embankment was the tallest building in Europe, and is now the 13th tallest. It houses the headquarters of several large Russian and international  companies, including IBM and KPMG. There are two cafes located on the 1st floor of Tower C – self-service café ‘Obed Bufet’ (Lunch Buffet) and Bakery Chain ‘Khleb Nasushchny’ (Daily Bread).

Evolution Tower

• 255m tall, 54 floors
• Architects: Philip Nikandrov and RMJM Scotland Ltd

Evolution is Moscow City’s most recognisable tower, and the 11th tallest building in Russia. Its façade is a true architectural marvel, comprising continuous strips of curved glazing spiralling high into  the sky. According to the architect, Philip Nikandrov, the spiral shape of the tower honours centuries of architectural design in Russia, from the onion domes of St Basil's Cathedral to Vladimir Shukhov’s Tatlin Tower, a masterpiece of Constructivist design. Outside the Evolution tower is a landscaped terrace and pedestrian zone descending to the Presnenskaya Embankment, which was also designed by Nikandrov.

Did you know? Moscow’s largest wedding palace was supposed to be built on the site of the Evolution tower, though the project was abandoned.

• 239m tall, 60 floors
• Completed in 2011

Imperia’s interesting design has a curved roof and an arched glass façade. Inside the tower are various cafes including ‘City Friends’ for all-day breakfasts and light lunches, ‘Mama in the City’ for simple meals of Russian cuisine, and ‘abc kitchen’ for European and Indian-inspired dishes. Alternatively, visit ‘High Bar’ on the 56th floor for cocktails with a view. In Imperia you’ll also find the Museum of High-Rise Construction in Moscow (suitably located on the 56th floor), and the Camera Immersive Theatre.

Did you know? Inside Vystavochnaya metro station is the Metro Museum , dedicated to the history of the beautiful Moscow Metro!

• 130m tall, 26 floors
• Completed in 2001
• Architect: Boris Tkhor

Tower 2000 was Moscow City’s first tower. It stands on the opposite bank of the Moskva River, and houses a viewing platform from which visitors can admire an unparalleled panorama of Moscow City. The Bagration Bridge reaches across the river from the tower to Moscow City, and underneath are piers from where you can take boat trips.

Photo by Alexander Popov on Unsplash

Afimall is Moscow’s largest entertainment and shopping complex, home to 450 shops, cafes and restaurants, a cinema, and a virtual-reality game park. The shopping centre is located in the central section of Moscow City, and a cinema and concert hall are currently under construction there.

What’s nearby?

Sechenov Botanical Gardens: The botanical gardens of the First Moscow State Medical University was created for students’ training and research in 1946. Today it is open for free visits, and is home to a large arboretum.

Park Krasnaya Presnya: This park belonged to the Studenets estate of the Gagarin princes. It is a monument of 18th and 19th century landscaping, with Dutch ponds, ornate bridges, and tree-lined alleys. There are also sports facilities, sports equipment rental, and cafes.

Photo by Akkit  on Wikipedia

Essential information for visitors

Website: https://www.citymoscow.ru/

Email: [email protected]

Phone: +7 (495) 730-23-33

Nearest metro: Mezhdunarodnaya (closest to the skyscrapers), Delovoy Tsentr (underneath Afimall), Vystavochnaya (closest to Expocentre)

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