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Minerva Access is the University of Melbourne's institutional repository and makes our research outputs publicly available.

Browse the repository by collection, publication date, author, title, or subject.

Search the repository, including published research outputs and theses.

Answers to frequently asked questions and contact details for further advice.

Deposit your research

University of Melbourne staff and students can deposit research outputs in Minerva Access. This can be a quick and easy way to make your publications open access.

Research Outputs

University staff can deposit their research outputs in Minerva Access by uploading files in Elements, completing a ServiceNow form, or emailing the Research Outputs team. Find out more here.

Graduate Research Theses

PhD, Doctorate and Masters Research candidates are required to submit their final thesis to Minerva Access via the Thesis Examination System (TES). See the "My thesis in the Library" page for details.

Honours and Masters Coursework Theses

Honours and Masters Coursework candidates are welcome to submit their completed thesis to the Minerva Access repository. This may be required by some schools or departments. View guidance here.

To find out more about open access and open research, visit out Open Scholarship website.

If you require assistance using Minerva Access, or have queries relating to existing Minerva Access records, please contact [email protected] .

For assistance depositing Author Accepted Manuscripts (AAMs), contact the Research Outputs team at [email protected] .

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Writing thesis sections - Part 1

Structuring your thesis.

This resource provides advice for writing the structural elements of your thesis. It includes activities to help you apply tips to your own context and reflect on your learning, and should take you 15-20 minutes to complete. Check out the further resources at the bottom of each section and references on the last page for more information on this topic.

This page introduces you to the macro and micro structures that thesis writers use to clearly convey the value and importance of their research to their readers (Dunleavy, 2003, p. 50). The structure of a thesis should be guided by what readers will expect, what the discipline requires, and what makes sense for the research.

Macro Structure

The macro structure consists of three parts. Note that the lead-in and lead-out sections will include your introduction and conclusion respectively but may include other material as well.

1) Lead-in material 

• Two chapters at most
• Gives your reader a broad overview of the thesis
• Provides background information, usually in the form of a literature review
• Helps readers contextualise your research
• Highlights the contribution your research makes
• Describes the motivation for your research.

2) Core material

• Around five chapters
• Focuses on your own work
• Presents your research question and hypothesis
• Works through your data, cases and primary sources
• Shows the findings of your analysis.

3) Lead-out material

• One or two chapters
• Responds to the research question and hypothesis
• Addresses the impacts of your results for your field.

This basic structure should help you envision your thesis as a whole. (Adapted from Dunleavy, 2003, p. 50)

Micro structure

The micro structure consists of chapters and the sub-headings within an individual chapter. What constitutes a chapter will vary by discipline, but typical chapters include a brief chapter introduction followed by relevant sections and a chapter conclusion.

1) Chapters

• Plan for the introduction and conclusion chapters to comprise roughly 20% of your thesis (10% each)
• Consider that core chapter length can vary, but 8,000-12,000 words is considered a good guideline
• Justify the length of any chapters that are noticeably longer or shorter than others.

2) Sub-headings

• Break chapters into sub-topics
• Use informative and substantive headings and sub-headings
• Make sure your heading reflects the key argument of the section.

Watch this video to see examples of Macro and Micro structures in theses.

• Keep chapter introductions short
• Relate each chapter to the research question and hypothesis
• Conclude chapters by both summing up and looking ahead.

Identify structural elements in a thesis

This activity will help you to plan your own thesis structure.

• Go to University of Melbourne’s institutional repository and find a thesis from your discipline.
• How does it compare to the examples here?
• If you have a draft or portion of your thesis written, how does its structure compare to others from your field?
• Take note of the differences and keep those in mind as you plan your own thesis structure.

Use the side menu to go the next section : Introducing your research , where we discuss writing an introduction.

Introducing your research

Introductions set the scene and prepare the reader to see how and why your research is a contribution to the field. Your introduction should also be linked to your conclusion to demonstrate the progression of your arguments through your thesis.

As a guideline, introductions are usually around 10% of the word count of the thesis and should begin with the big picture and narrow down to the specifics of your own research. Consider working on the introduction and conclusion chapters together. Reviewing them together periodically will help you build a strong frame for your narrative.

Elements in an introduction

An introduction should provide readers with:

• Background/Context: Situates your research within the broader social or academic context
• Motivation: Establishes why your research is necessary
• Significance: Articulates the potential contribution your research will make and states the research aim
• Key concepts: Defines any concepts, methodologies or theories
• Overview or statement of organisation: Provides a summary of what the following chapters explore

Some researchers include a personal anecdote, tantalising statistics or a puzzle in their introductions. This is generally called a hook and, if included, should come before the broader context.

Analyse sample introductions

In this activity, you will identify the elements discussed above in three sample thesis excerpts.

For each excerpt:

1) Match the numbered sentences (1-4) with the elements identified above 2) Use the 'check' button at the bottom to see feedback 3) Navigate to the next excerpt using the arrow.

*If content below does not display, please refresh your browser

Use the side menu to go the next section: Reviewing the literature , where we discuss writing a literature review.

Reviewing the literature

The literature review situates your work and demonstrates your expertise in the field through selecting, analysing, and synthesising relevant literature, leading to the identification of the gap, problem or issue your research will address.

As you review the literature:

• Keep your aim and scope in sight to help you decide on relevance and develop your own review criteria
• Take notes while you read at different stages to help you understand, evaluate and filter the literature
• Establish baselines (the current best) you can compare your own approach to
• Strike a balance between drawing on and deviating from others' ideas
• Put a limit on the time you spend on the literature review, as you will need to recalibrate it in light of your own research.

Structuring a literature review

In your initial draft, you may not be able to structure your literature review in a way that reflects how you’ll discuss your own research, as you may not have completed your research yet.

Keep that in mind for when you are revising the literature review, after your research has been conducted.

Watch this video for tips on how to structure and organise your literature review, whether you are starting to write, or revising your draft.

Literature Reviews Libguide

23 Research Things

University of Manchester Phrasebank

Use the side menu to go the next section: Writing conclusions , where we discuss writing a conclusion.

Writing the conclusion

The conclusion of your thesis, whether embedded in or separated from your discussion chapter, should create a strong closure to your thesis as it leads out to future research and pathways.

Key conclusion moves

• Summarise the research by restating the research problem and aim, providing a succinct answer to these, and recapping the key findings and evidence
• Unpack the implications of your contribution for theory, practice, research and/or policy in the field
• Acknowledge the limitations and scope of your research
• Address the next frontier: ‘what’s next?’ - make specific recommendations for future work in the field: what could be done to apply or further your research?

Depending on your discipline, you could include a section reflecting on your professional learning as a researcher through the study, especially if you started the thesis with a personal anecdote. Keep your conclusion  concise – it could be just several pages long.

Compare the differences between discussions and conclusions in the table below:

Gather ideas for the conclusion

As you write or edit  your thesis, gather in one place ideas that don’t quite fit the tight purpose of an earlier chapter, or ideas that you would love to develop in another project. These can provide fresh material for the conclusion. For example, they can become statements about the social implications of your research or your recommendations for future investigations.

Align the conclusion with earlier parts of thesis

The introduction and conclusion, as well as the mini-introductions and mini-conclusions of the core chapters, form the bulk of a thesis narrative as they give readers a holistic perspective of the research.

To align the conclusion:

• Make sure it addresses the same problem you set out in the introduction
• If an anecdote or another kind of hook has been used to start the introduction, think about ending the thesis with a return to the hook
• Assess whether you need to adjust the introduction or earlier parts of the thesis to fit your conclusions, or whether the conclusions themselves need to be adjusted.

Explore example introductions and conclusions

In this activity, you’ll read short introduction and conclusion excerpts from two example theses. As you read, think about the ways the author has linked or connected their conclusions to their introductions. Then, turn each card to read a brief commentary.

Conclusions - practice getting to the point(s)

Boostering your introduction and conclusion

Use the side menu to go the next section: Using disciplinary conventions , where we discuss how to use the conventions of your discipline.

Using disciplinary conventions

Although academic writing conventions are common to most disciplines, the way they are applied may differ. For example, some STEM and social science disciplines may require a systematic review that outlines clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sources reviewed, while other disciplines may only ask for sufficient background information to justify your methods. Look at examples from your discipline of lead-in and lead-out material and check with your supervisors if you have questions.

Reflect on the thesis lead-in and lead-out

Study an example thesis to observe how the author introduced their topic and object of research, where they situated their literature review and how they organised it, and how they linked their lead-out material to their introductory or lead-in material. Then, look at your own writing or plan for these parts.

Answer the following questions for both the example thesis and your own to help you reflect on how you are using disciplinary conventions in shaping your own thesis narrative.

1. How are lead-in and lead out sections organised?

2. Are there headings and sub-headings? How specific are they?

3. Does the introduction include context, background, motivation, definitions and an overview of the organisation?

4. How is the literature review structured?

5. Has the conclusion of the thesis conveyed the key implications of the research and made useful recommendations for future work in the field? Do you find these convincing?

6. Are the introduction and conclusion aligned in opening and closing the same thesis narrative?

7. How could you improve this thesis in the above aspects?

Anticipate revisiting your lead-in material several times during the writing process, especially as you write the lead-out chapters of your thesis. Together, your lead-in and lead-out material should give your readers a strong sense of purpose, unified structure and closure. Read your lead-in and lead-out chapters together to see if you provide that sense.

For more information and support in your writing, Explore: Academic Skills Graduate Research services

Dunleavy, P. (2003). Authoring a PhD : How to Plan, Draft, Write and Finish a Doctoral Thesis or Dissertation . Blomsbury.

Evans, D. & Gruba, P. (2014).   How to write a better thesis. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-04286-2

Fahnestock, J. and Secor M. (2004). A Rhetoric of Argument. 3 rd ed. McGraw Hill.

Kamler, B. & Thomson, P. (2006).  Helping Doctoral Students Write: Pedagogies for supervision. Routledge.

Lemoh, C.N. (2013). HIV in Victoria’s African communities: reducing risks and improving care. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne].

Syiem, B.V. (2023). Attentional Reality: Understanding and Managing Limited Attentional Resources in Augmented Reality . [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne]. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/326564

Yeomans, N.D. (2022). A History of Australia’s Immigrant Doctors, 1838-2021: Colonial Beginnings, Contemporary Challenges. [PhD. Thesis, University of Melbourne].

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Submitting your thesis and beyond

Tips on what you need to do before you submit your thesis and beyond.

When you pass the 3-year mark in your PhD candidature (or 1-year mark in your MPhil candidature) you should start preparing to submit your thesis to ensure timely completion. There are several requirements you will need to follow to successfully submit your thesis.

Get organised for your Completion Seminar

All graduate researchers are required to make a public presentation of their research findings at the University in the six-months prior to submitting their thesis for examination. This is called a Completion Seminar and is regarded as an important part of candidature. The seminar should present the objectives, methods, findings and significance of the candidate's thesis research. This is often a departmental seminar. Your supervisors will write a report detailing feedback that can be used for the final draft. Your Completion Seminar should be undertaken at around 3-6 months before you intend to submit. Be proactive and arrange your Completion Seminar ahead of time.

For more information on Completion seminars please go to the Graduate Research Hub page: Submitting my thesis | University of Melbourne (unimelb.edu.au)

Completion seminar requirements can be viewed on the Graduate Research Training Policy (MPF132) policy library. Please note: This policy in the process of being updated .

Preparing your thesis

There is a plethora of information on the GR Hub in regard to:

• Writing your thesis
• Incorporating your published work in your thesis
• Thesis with creative works
• Preparation of Graduate Research Thesis Rules
• Graduate researchers and digital assistance tools
• Research integrity in my thesis

All of which can be found here: Preparing my thesis | University of Melbourne (unimelb.edu.au)

Preparing to submit

Similarly, on the GR Hub there is information on what your need to do before you submit your thesis. Submitting my thesis | University of Melbourne (unimelb.edu.au)

Topics include

• Before you submit your thesis IP Guide
• Completion Seminar
• Creative works
• iThenticate
• Graduate Research Thesis Submission Checklist (download from the site)
• Read the section ‘How to submit’, which may take some of the mystery out of this final step and help take the jitters out of this stage.

The examination process

For information on the examination process Examination Overview | University of Melbourne (unimelb.edu.au)

Key points on:

• What examiners look for
• The Thesis Examination System
• Examination process
• Examination of jointly awarded PhD
• Examination criteria and marking
• Responding to examiners
• Changes to the thesis
• Citation for Completion

For additional information please view the Graduate Research Training Policy Graduate Research Training Policy (unimelb.edu.au)

Thesis submission date expiry and late submission

Your final thesis submission date will correspond to the maximum period of your candidature, that is for a PhD (4.5 EFTSL/years if you commenced prior to 1 March 2020, and 4 EFTSL if you commenced on or after 1 March 2020) or MPhil (2 EFTSL if you commenced on or after 1 March 2020).

However, if you need more time to submit, these are the options for GRs who confirmed after Jan 2018.

• If you need to up to two more weeks post final thesis submission date you need to apply for a 10-working day extension. Please request this by email with [email protected]
• If you cannot submit your thesis by your final thesis submission date and you need several weeks or up to 12 months extension of your thesis submission date, you need to apply for Late submission . Late submission applications need to be requested with the FEIT GR team 2 months prior to your final thesis submission date = 4 EFTSL date. More information on late submission can be found here: Late Submission | University of Melbourne (unimelb.edu.au)

Student visa holders: Staying in Australia for the examination period

Please take care with managing your visa extension needs, especially if your visa expiry date corresponds with your thesis submission date period and you intend on staying in Australia for the examination period. Please contact Stop1 for visa queries well before issues arise if you can.

Once student visa holders submit their thesis their CoE is ‘completed’ and they need to apply for a  CMT if they intend staying in Australia for the examination period. For requesting CMTs and more information: Renewing your student visa (unimelb.edu.au)

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Theses from the University of Melbourne

Theses available through online databases.

• Trove (National Library of Australia) Trove provides a single point of access to Australia resources: theses, books, music scores and sound recordings, videos, DVDs, and includes access to Pictures Australia, full text Australian newspapers 1803-1954, manuscripts, maps and archived websites. Include Thesis in the keyword search box. You can type in keywords from author, title, and/or institution. more... less... National Library of Australia's database holdings across Australian libraries. Useful for government reports and can also include theses.
• ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global With more than 2 million entries, PQD&T is the single, central, authoritative resource for information about doctoral dissertations and master's theses.
• Index to Theses in Great Britain and Ireland A comprehensive listing of theses with abstracts accepted for higher degrees by universities in Great Britain and Ireland since 1716.
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Visualise Your Thesis

Visualise your thesis™.

an international programme for graduate researchers

In a climate of knowledge exchange and community engagement, communicating to an audience outside the Academy is becoming increasingly important for research professionals.

The Programme

Visualise Your Thesis is an international programme that challenges graduate researchers to present their research in a 60-second audio-visual explainer. The programme provides an opportunity for universities from across the world to showcase their graduate research and for the participants to build essential information and digital literacy skills to effectively communicate complex research to a general audience.

Currently-enrolled PhD, MPhil, and Professional Doctorate (Research) candidates can participate. It is suitable for all disciplines and for students at any stage of their candidature. Visit our Figshare site to view past entries.

How to Participate

We invite institutions to participate by running a local Visualise Your Thesis programme for their own graduate researchers using the official guidelines and programme kit provided by the University of Melbourne upon registration.

Expressions of Interest (EOI) & Registrations for 2024 are now open! Visit the 2024 Visualise Your Thesis page here to find out more about how you can participate this year.

We're hosting an information session in a few weeks for institutions interested in hosting a local programme at their university and participating in the international 2024 programme. View the event details and register here.

Find out more about the origin and development of the Visualise Your Thesis programme.

Twenty-three institutions from five countries hosted a local Visualise Your Thesis programme, with their winners proceeding to the 2023 international programme. All of the submitted entries can be viewed on the Visualise Your Thesis figshare , a publicly available repository.

The entries were judged by:

• Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles MNZM: Head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab at the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, and awarded science communicator.
• Dr David Phipps: Assistant Vice-President, Research & Impact at York University, Canada, and global leader in research impact.

Read more about the 2023 judges here.

The winners were announced online, and in-person at the eResearch Australasia conference in Brisbane, Australia, on 18 October 2023.

2023 VYT International programme winners

First place : recipient of AUD $5,000 prize Tegan Clark,  It’s Dusty Down Under, Australian National University

Second place : recipient of AUD $2,000 prize Kate Revell,  Year 7/8 Student Engagement in Performing-Arts , University of Canterbury

Third place : recipient of AUD $1,000 prize Tara Crandon,  “Weathering the Storm”: Understanding Climate Anxiety and Coping in Young People, The University of Queensland

The judges also awarded a highly commended entry to Christopher Hall,  Platform Journalism: Law & Society , University of Technology Sydney.

Trending on VYT

Trending on VYT recognised the entrant who achieved the highest number of views for their video on the VYT Figshare repository between 02 October - 06 October 2023. The Trending on VYT winner won a 1-year Gold Membership to the Research Impact Academy , providing them training and consulting to further develop their research communication skills.

The winner of Trending on VYT in 2023 was Tara Crandon, “ Weathering the Storm”: Understanding Climate Anxiety and Coping in Young People , The University of Queensland

Twenty-two institutions from five countries participated in the fourth international programme. All of the entries are available to view on the Visualise Your Thesis Figshare repository , showcasing the great work of the graduate researchers who won their institution's local programme to progress to the international programme.

• Dr Katy Peplin: creator of Thrive PhD , a community and coaching service for graduate researchers;
• Cr Davydd Griffiths, lead for the City of Melbourne's Education and Innovation portfolio; and
• Dr Eva Méndez, researcher at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain, and 'open knowledge militant.'

Read more about the judges here.

The award winners were announced online, and in person, at the eResearch Australasia conference on 19 October 2022.

2022 Winners

First place: prize of AUD $5,000 Drew Min Su Cylinder, Neural Correlates of Behavioural Changes During Propofol General Anaesthesia in Caenorhabditis Elegans , the University of Queensland.

Second place: prize of AUD $2,000  Freya Muir, New Quest: Protect Our Beaches from Climate Change! , the University of Glasgow.

Third place: prize of AUD $1,000 Samuel Widodo, Switching cancer-promoting macrophages to fight brain cancer , the University of Melbourne.

Trending on VYT, the Visualise Your Thesis Viewers' Choice, recognised the entrant who achieved the highest number of views for their video on the VYT Figshare repository between 03-09 October 2022.  The Trending on VYT winner won a 1-year Gold Membership to  the Research Impact Academy , sponsored by Figshare, providing them training and consulting to further develop their research communication skills.

The winner of Trending on VYT in 2023 was Drew Min Su Cylinder, Neural Correlates of Behavioural Changes During Propofol General Anaesthesia in Caenorhabditis Elegans , the University of Queensland.

Twenty five institutions from six countries competed in the third international competition. All finalists’ works were added to the Visualise Your Thesis figshare repository where the public can watch and download the creative commons licenced videos, and the creators can gain insights into their impact through altmetrics tracking. The field was judged by a three judge panel and announced at eResearch Australasia on October 14th 2021.

The 2021 international prize pool totalled $8,000 AUD. The winners were:

2021 VYT International Competition prizes and winners:

First prize: AUD $5,000

Krystall Campbell, University of Technology Sydney

The experiences of Australian First in Family university students and graduate: an intergenerational and intersectional exploration

Second prize: AUD $2,000

Hannah Petocz, La Trobe University

Wondering if I was the Problem': Exploring the Perpetuation and impact of Dating Violence on young Australian Women

Third prize: AUD $1,000

Ratanapat Suchat, Swinburine University of Technology

Brand nostalgia: the emotional responses of Thai students studying in Australia to Thai condiment packaging

Highly commended

• YC Lin , Australia National University,  Understanding Piezo, a force-sensing molecular machine

2021  Trending on VYT competition

The entry with the most views as recorded on figshare between 4-10 October 2021:  Md Eaysir Arafat, Queensland University of Technology,  Effectiveness of Interventions for Mobile Phone Distracted Pedestrians

The winner of the 2021  Trending on VYT competition will be the video with the  most views  as recorded in the 2021  figshare gallery . Downloads will not be used to determine the winner.

Views were counted from midnight, Monday 4 th October (GMT), to 11:59pm on Sunday, 10 October (GMT). Make sure to check your  local start and  local end times so your view counts.

The 2021 judges were Dr Tamika Heiden, Al Cossar and Professor Deb Verhoeven. Find out more about the 2021 judges here .

Twenty one universities from five countries competed in the second international competition. All finalists’ works were added to the Visualise Your Thesis figshare repository where the public can watch and download the creative commons licenced videos, and the creators can gain insights into their impact through altmetrics tracking. The field was judged by a three judge panel and announced at eResearch Australasia in Brisbane on October 19th 2020.  Read more about the 2020 International Judges.

The 2020 international prize pool totalled $8,000 AUD. Our winners were:

1st place - Kelly Wilson-Stewart, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), $5,000 AU

Protecting nurses from radiation exposure

The judges said:  From a simple, almost storybook opening we are taken on a clear explanatory arc to the heart of the problem - x-rays don’t behave in an orderly fashion as one might imagine – and onwards, to the accompaniment of a cannily-chosen soundtrack, to a restrained but effective emotional payoff – these are not storybook characters but real people – lending the project a sense of importance and relevance that is inescapable. The result? We WANT this project to succeed! Great communication and salesmanship for an important research project.

2nd place - Ané van der Walt, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), $2,000 AU

The Narrative Atlas: creative prototyping and multivocality in archaeology

The judges said:  This was just beautiful and was a well told and visually rich illustrated story itself about how to make a story. In addition, it explained well the cultural importance of the project and indeed how the atlas would have a life after the project ends.

3rd place - Maleen Jayasuriya, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), $1,000 AU

One Small Step for a PhD Student, One Giant Leap for Mobility Scooters

The judges said:  This grabbed immediately with its humour, engaging character and a good story – which made all the judges laugh. But there was more than humour – a clever use of animation and a mix of graphics, succinctly explained a quite complex solution for very a real world problem.

• Nicola Rivers, Monash University,  "Everything not saved will be lost"

The judges said:  An elegant and lucid explanation of species recovery technology drawing on the easily-relatable analogy of data back-up. We appreciate immediately what the problem is and are led to an equally clear grasp of the proposed solution. Deceptively simple animation gains sophistication through a limited colour palette. The choice of a stylish and highly legible font completes the picture making for an excellent communication package.

• Gwendolyn Foo, UNSW,  Using Robots to Solve the World’s Fastest Growing Problem

The judges said:  There was a great use of photos and images to explain the human and societal costs of waste. The editing of images and the soundtrack provided really good tension in the story, which led logically to the resolution described by the research project.

2020  Trending on VYT competition

The entry with the most views as recorded on figshare between 12-19 October 2020: Chantelle Clarke, CQU,  Supporting mental health for women with lipoedema through compassionate mind training .  Chantelle wins a VYT prize pack incl. a Kindle Prologue. (6"touch display 167 PPI. 4GB wifi).

The winner of the 2020  Trending on VYT competition will be the video with the most views as recorded in the 2020  figshare gallery . Downloads will not be used to determine the winner.

Views were counted from midnight, Monday 12th October (GMT), to 11:59pm on Sunday, 18 October (GMT). Make sure to check your  local start and  local end times so your view counts.

The 2020 judges were: Professor Ginny Barbour, Graeme Base and Professor Deb Verhoeven. Find out more about the 2020 judges here .

2019 saw our first true International competition, when 16 institutions from 4 countries ran a local competition and sent their winner to the International final. The field was judged by a three judge panel and announced at eResearch Australasia in Brisbane on October 22nd 2019 by Professor Ginny Barbour. Read more about the 2019 International Judges.

All winning entries were  showcased on our figshare site , provided with the support of Digital Science, where they can be reused in accordance with a creative commons licence of the entrants choosing.  The site also provides detailed viewing metrics so that students can learn more about the reach of their presentations.

The 2019 international prize pool totalled $8,000 AUD. Our inaugural winners were:

• 1st  prize  - Annaclaire McDonald, University of Technology Sydney ($5,000 AU) Fantastic Metals & Where to Phyt Them
• 2nd  prize  - Donovan Garcia-Ceron, La Trobe University ($2,000 AUD) Exploring Extracellular Vesicles From Plant Fungal Pathogens
• 3rd prize -  Carmen Glanville, University of Melbourne ($1,000 AUD) Protecting Pets by Changing People

The team presented at THETA 2019 in Wollongong on the benefits of Visualise Your Thesis for students and research administrators, and at eResearch Australasia in Brisbane on creating digital stories for impact in research.

The 2019 judges were: Professor Ginny Barbour, Assoc. Professor Tim Sherratt and Sam Muirhead. Find out more about the 2019 judges here .

After a relatively short history the competition was offered nationally so that other institutions could get involved. It was almost immediately forced to go international such was the demand from universities around the world. Each participating university sent their local winning entry to be showcased in the non-competitive online winners' gallery hosted by the University of Melbourne.

Institutions received a competition kit and resources to run their local competitions with the support of the University of Melbourne Visualise Your Thesis team, and the feedback from the early adopters was used to refine the competition processes for the future.

The team presented at the Australian Research Management Society conference in Hobart, speaking about the development of the competition to date.

University of Hong Kong local competition entrants 2018

In August 2017, the competition became Pitch Your Thesis and, as an indication of how far the competition had come in its short history, judge Simon Clews was joined by academic celebrity, Associate Professor Inger Mewburn (known to all as the Thesis Whisperer).

First prize that year was awarded to "Mathematics and assessment in early childhood education" by Rachel Pollitt, second prize to "A seasonal thermal energy storage system for space heating" by Sheikh Khaleduzzaman Shah, and third prize to "Designing animal-computer interaction to shape zoo visitors' perceptions of animals" by Sarah Webber. The popular Viewer's Choice prize went to "Saving life with new artificial blood vessels" by Fatemeh Karimi.

University of Melbourne competition entrants with competition judges, Simon Clews and Inger Mewburn 2017

In August 2016 the competition put down its digital roots and became an ePoster competition called Visualise My Thesis. Still Melbourne-only in these early days, the competition challenged PhDs to effectively communicate complex research to a general audience.

First prize was awarded to "Imagination of adventure in today's art" by Emilie Walsh, second prize went to "Development of the Rowley Shoals Reefs" by Jackson McCaffrey and third prize to "Weak feet and walking, it’s in the shoes" by Rachel Kennedy. That year also saw a new prize, the Viewers' Choice prize, which also went to Emilie Walsh.

The 2016 competition was judged by Simon Clews (Director of the Melbourne Engagement Lab).

University of Melbourne  competition entrants with competition judge Simon Clews 2016

2015 saw the precursor to the Visualise Your Thesis competition, the Researcher@Library Week Poster competition. Part of the University of Melbourne's inaugural Researcher@Library Week.

The competition was won by Matthew Wood, a PhD Candidate researching Tectonic Geomorphology. Second prize was awarded to Marcella Purnama, a Publishing and Communications Master's student, and third prize to Vincent Bachtiar, who was undertaking a PhD in Mechanical Engineering.

The competition was successful and extremely popular, but there was clearly a demand for the poster to do more - to be more engaging, and even dramatic. An ePoster competition was almost inevitable.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• Programme rules
• Template (Powerpoint - ppt)
• Judging criteria and judging rubric
• Technical instructions
• How to run the programme
• Participant submission checklist
• How Graduate Researchers use the template
• Tips for Graduate Researchers to create their video
• Tips for Graduate Researchers to add audio to their video
• Guidelines for the use of the Visualise Your Thesis identity and concept

It is up to individual institutions to devise and offer training sessions for programme participants.

The University of Melbourne, for past programmes, offered the following supporting resources presented in a workshop, video, or LMS:

• Working with PowerPoint
• Principles of graphic design and visual presentation
• Writing succinctly for a non-specialist audience
• Effective video storytelling for researchers
• Copyright, for example: keeping your entry compliant, seeking permissions, accessing expired copyright materials,  protecting your copyright materials.

We highly recommend incorporating information on how to source and cite copyright-compliant visual or audio-visual material into any training resources you provide.

Expressions of Interest (EOI) & Registrations for 2023 are now closed.

There are no costs involved in participating in the programme; however, all local prizes are to be supplied by the individual participating institutions. The University of Melbourne does not provide prizes for local programmes.

The 2023 International programme final prize pool  can be found under the 2023 tab .

Please contact us via  [email protected] for further information.

This programme does not have a verbal presentation component and relies purely on each submission's visual presentation. Students who are in earlier stages of research (have not reached confirmation/ before writing up) are also welcome to enter the programme.

Sponsorship Enquiries

Sponsorship enquiries are welcome at any time. Businesses interested in finding out more about sponsorship opportunities associated with the programme should email [email protected] for further information and a sponsorship prospectus.

For further information, institutions can contact [email protected] . You can also connect with us by following the Visualise Your Thesis LinkedIn .

Please note: University of Melbourne graduate researchers should visit the UoM Visualise Your Thesis site.

2024 is the sixth year for Visualise Your Thesis: graduate researchers who have won their institutions' programme move on to participate in the international programme with entrants from around the world.

Latest Programme Updates

Expressions of interest and registrations now open.

We're excited to announce that EOIs and registrations for the 2024 programme are now open. Institutions can submit:

• An Expression of Interest (EOI) in hosting a programme. Institutions who submit an EOI receive a copy of the programme kit with further information about how to run a local programme and participate in the international programme. Submit your EOI here . Submitting an EOI doesn't mean you host a local programme in 2024, but allows you to learn more about what's involved.
• A formal registration to participate. Institutions who submit an EOI are confirming they are going to host a local programme provide a winning entry to the Visualise Your Thesis International programme, and agree to the legal terms and conditions of participating.  Submit your registration here.

We recommend that institutions who have not hosted a programme before submit an EOI to get further information before they formally register.

The deadline to submit an EOI or registration is 4 June 2024.

What's in the programme kit?

All institutions who submit an EOI, or register for the programme, receive access to the programme kit. This includes:

• The Administration Pack: what you need to know to coordinate a programme at your institution.
• The Entrant Pack: a customisable set of resources to provide to graduate researchers submitting an entry to your local programme.
• The VYT Australian or international licence: the legal terms of hosting a local programme, and participating in the international programme.
• The Presentation template: for use by your graduate researchers when preparing their entry.

What's the timeline for hosting a programme?

There's more detail about this in the programme kit, and there's a timeline for the international programme listed on this page (scroll down!)

In summary, institutions have from March to August to host their local programme. The sooner institutions register to participate, the sooner they can launch their local programme.

What if I have more questions after I've submitted an EOI or registration?

Please email us with any questions via [email protected].  

We hosted an information session on 22 March 2024 to go into more detail about Visualise Your Thesis and what's new in 2024. If you would like to access a copy of the recording, please email us.

I am a graduate researcher and would like to submit an entry for 2024. Do I submit an EOI or registration?

Expressions of Interest and registrations for the international programme are made by institutions who are wanting to host a programme for their graduate researchers for 2024. Graduate researchers wanting to submit an entry to Visualise Your Thesis should contact their institution to ask for further information about their programme.

2024 Programme Timeline

Institutions submit an expression of interest and register to host a local Visualise Your Thesis programme.

Visualise Your Thesis local programmes held at individual universities worldwide. Winners of local Visualise Your Thesis programmes are entered into the International Visualise Your Thesis Programme.

Institutional winners who will be participating in Visualise Your Thesis International 2024 are announced, and entries published on the Visualise Your Thesis Figshare repository.

Trending on VYT takes place, rewarding the entrant whose entry has the most views on the VYT International Figshare repository during a set week of the programme. #TrendingOnVYT

The judges select the winning entries, and the Visualise Your Thesis award announcements are made online and in-person.

We are excited to announce that the prizes for the 2024 award winners are:

First place: $5,000AUD

Second place: $2,000AUD

Third place: $1,000AUD

The Trending on Visualise Your Thesis prize, sponsored by Figshare, will be announced closer to #TrendingonVYT week.

The International Visualise Your Thesis respository is powered by Figshare. Figshare also sponsor the  Trending on Visualise Your Thesis  prize.

For further information, institutions can contact [email protected] .   You can also connect with us by following the Visualise Your Thesis LinkedIn .

Check out the resources below to support you in coordinating your programme.

Powerpoint Resources

Microsoft's PowerPoint Training Resources

Effective Video Storytelling for Researchers

1. Finding your why

Chapter 1 of the 'Effective Video Storytelling for Researchers' series

2. Show, don't tell

Chapter 2 of the 'Effective Video Storytelling for Researchers' series

3. Your video lab at home

Chapter 3 of the 'Effective Video Storytelling for Researchers' series

Copyright videos for Visualise Your The sis Programme

Keeping your entry copyright compliant*

An Introduction to Copyright for Visualise Your The sis TM Programme.

Seeking Permissions*

Using copyright materials for Visualise Your The sis TM Programme.

Accessing expired copyright materials*

Using public domain works for Visualise Your The sis TM Programme.

Protecting your copyright materials*

Using your own materials for Visualise Your The sis TM Programme

* While we endeavour to ensure that all content published in these Visualise Your Thesis videos is correct at the time of publishing, we make no warranty about the accuracy, completeness or reliability of this content. The information provided here is general information only and is not a substitute for legal advice.

View all of the previous entries

Each of the participants whose entries are featured in the galleries won their institution's local Visualise Your Thesis programme, before progressing to the international programme.

Entries are judged on visual impact: how well they presented their research projects as short, engaging, digital narratives. Participants from a variety of disciplines used multi-media, interactivity and their creativity to take the ‘classic conference poster’ to the next level.

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VIEW 2022 INTERNATIONAL GALLERY

VIEW 2021 INTERNATIONAL GALLERY

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VIEW 2018 INTERNATIONAL GALLERY

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Roma communities in Perm Krai: historical and ethnical aspects

Two large groups of Roma are settled in the territory of Perm Krai, the Ruska Roma and Kalderari. Roma live both in cities and countryside. Roma living in the countryside keeps elements of traditional culture. In Perm Krai we can find different families of the Ruska [Russian] Roma: Gorbovichi, Nemzengery, Bashnengery, Polyaki, Sapuny, Gubany. In contrast to the Kalderari the community of Ruska Roma is based not only on family-territorial principle. Sometimes community is based on ethnic-territorial ground when the Ruska Roma living in an urban area despite family ties can be a part of the community. Traditional activity of Ruska Roma living in countryside is a seasonal grazing of livestock. One of the main sectors of activity is trading. Roma sell cars and jewelry. Kelderari live in compact groupings in Perm. They call themselves Moldavska Roma and consider themselves to be part of Ruvoni [wolf in Romani language] family. Traditional activity of Kelderari is metal work (especially tin-smith’s work) which impact also their modern business. The main work activity of men till now is working with metals such as base metal trading and metal items repair. Traditional women activity is fortune-telling. Bilingualism, traditional way of living, ethnic isolation, unique and particular material and spiritual culture are common for all of Roma. The main problems for Roma nowadays are safeguarding of ethnicity and as well as some educational and social issues.

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Project initators: 

“ Cultural Planning will help to ensure the Perm region will remain distinctive and unique” , Mr. Protasevich said. “It will mean planning ways to support and preserve our heritage, developing appealing opportunities for artists and musicians regardless of age, and generating education and employment. It will mean building a creative community with a buzz.”

“Some of the identified objectives of “Perm krai international:young journalists@school” project include facilitating greater communication and cooperation among young community and official organizations in Perm krai”, said the Vice-Minister of Perm krai.

“Perm Krai International: young journalistes@school”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The international children festival of theatre arts “Long Break”

What is the international child festival of theatre arts “Long Break”? It is a real holiday for young spectators and their parents. The international child festival of theatre arts “Long Break” will be hold from the 30th of April to the 5th of May. It will be in Perm and Lysva. It will be hold under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Culture, Youth Politics and Mass Communications of Perm Krai. The program of the festival is prepared by Russian and foreign experts of child theatre. There are the most interesting for children events of the world arts. The “Long Break” familiarizes children with actual artists. It is the platform where people communicate with people using the language of modern arts which is understandable for a new generation.

The festival “The White Nights in Perm”

• The participants of the festival of land art “Ural Myths” will create art objects using natural materials. The objects will have the same mythological idea.
• During the festival of bears “MedveDay” the masters Teddy-makers will tell gripping stories about a symbol of the city. They will organize some exhibitions of teddy bears and they will give master classes.

• The exhibition “Mammoth’s track” will gather mammoths from different corners of Russia on Perm’s territory. There will be even a famous mammoth Dima.
• And at last the international festival of street arts «Open sky» will represent the various program: carnival processions, a 5-day master class «Mask Art», street shows and performances, performances of Russian and foreign street theatres.

The IX International festival “Heavenly Fair of Ural”

From the 26th to the 3rd of July the IX International festival “Heavenly Fair of Ural” takes place in Kungur. There will be a fight for the I Privolzhski Federal Disctrict Cup for aerostatics and the VII Perm Krai Open Cup for aerostatics.This year Kungur won’t hold rating competitions which results are taking into general account of the pilots. They counted on creating entertainment activities “Air battles over Kungur”. There will be the representatives of sub-units of ultralight aviation, detachment of parachute troops and water means. All the battles will take place straight over the city. And natives will take part in the festival too.According to initial data 15 aeronauts and about 50 ultralight aviation pilots expressed willingness to take part at the festival. And a dirigible pilot confirmed his participation.Ultralight aviation pilots will take part in the “Air games” within the festival. As last year a campsite of ultralight aviation will base in an area near a village Milniki.

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University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne (UM) Collection comprises material published or produced by the University and its Colleges. The collection includes examination papers, calendars, faculty guides and handbooks, research reports, occasional papers, academic journals, student magazines and newspaper, annual reports and agenda papers. Also included are:

Melbourne University Publishing (MUP) – an almost complete set of titles. The collection covers a range of subjects including social history, politics, history, art and literature.

The University of Melbourne Thesis Collection consists of archival copies of all Masters by Research and PhD theses completed at the University up to 2017. University of Melbourne hard-copy theses are not available for loan. Instead they can be read in the Reading Room in the Baillieu Library. Requests for theses must be made online prior to visiting .

Currently, theses submitted from 2017 onwards have only digital copies available. These are automatically stored in the  Institutional Repository . The University of Melbourne is working to make the entirety of its Thesis Collection accessible online.

The collection holds very limited Honours theses: these are either available via the library catalogue or by request to departmental offices or libraries.

Graduate Research Hub

• Examination

Examination overview

What examiners look for.

Examiners evaluate your work for understanding of the relevant literature, the methods and techniques used, the results and conclusions obtained. The full criteria used are included in the Graduate Research Training Policy .

The Thesis Examination System (TES)

The Thesis Examination System (TES) , allows you to register your intention to submit and to submit your thesis electronically. It also allows for the examination to be managed online by the Graduate Research Examinations Office.

You can also view the progress status of your examination when you logon. Further information regarding the different types of TES statuses can be found here.

Need more information? Please refer to some of the Frequently Asked Questions regarding TES that may help.

Examination process

The exam process, from submitting your thesis to being notified of your examiners’ recommendations, will usually take a minimum of four months. The process and length of time will vary for each examination as examiners who are external to the University are involved. Some examiners need more time due to their other responsibilities and commitments. Regular follow-ups with supervisors and examiners are an integral part of the exam process to minimise delays. You will receive a result only when the Chair of Examiners has received and considered all reports.  Once you receive your examination outcome, you will have a clearer idea of when you are likely to complete all degree requirements. The identity of your examiners will remain anonymous until you have been awarded a final 'pass’ grade. See below for a flow chart of the exam process.

Intention to submit is registered

Supervisor contacts potential external examiners

Thesis submitted (along with iThenticate report of submitted thesis)

Thesis sent to approved examiners who have accepted a formal invitation

Examiners assess thesis and provide a report with their recommendations

For Joint PhDs, your partner institution will usually arrange your oral examination after the required written reports are received (if an oral examination is outlined in the Joint Award Agreement)

Reports sent to Chair of Examiners for consideration

Examination outcome sent with recommendations for any required amendment (and/or resubmission)

50-word citation submitted by supervisor to be approved by Associate Dean (Graduate Research)

Final copy of thesis submitted to Chair of Examiners

Once approved, electronic copy of final thesis is submitted to the Thesis Examination System

Final examination outcome advised

Identities of your examiners may be revealed, if they agree

Once all requirements have been fulfilled, you will receive a notification stating that you have successfully completed your degree. You will be considered eligible to pass once the final thesis is certified by the Chair of Examiners and an approved citation has been received by the Examinations Office. If you have completed a Masters by Research, you will be informed of your final percentage mark.

Information about graduation will be included in your completion of degree notification email.  Once you have graduated, either by attending a ceremony or by graduating in absentia, you can add post-nominals, for example, PhDMelb.  Doctoral degree graduates can use the title Dr.

If you require an official statement of your completion, including the official date of completion, you will be able to download a free Evidence of Qualification statement from my.unimelb . The University will issue an  Australian Higher Education Graduation Statement (AHEGS) , which will include your citation, after your degree is conferred at a graduation ceremony. You can learn more about the documents you will receive once you complete, such as academic statements and transcripts as well as other documents you can order.

The rules governing examination are contained in the Graduate Research Training Policy .

If you have any issues with your examiner go to: Resolving Issues .

Examination of jointly awarded PhD

Your examination will be carried out in a manner that meets the requirements of both universities. These requirements should be stated in the agreement governing your program and you should consult with your supervisors for more detail.

You must meet both institutions’ requirements, as the examinations will be run independently.  You will therefore need to register your intention to submit and submit your thesis to both institutions.

Most jointly awarded degree programs require an oral examination in addition to the examination of the thesis. The oral examination is usually arranged by your partner institution as outlined in the signed Joint Award Agreement. Where the oral examination is held at the University of Melbourne, your Chair of Examiners will oversee the arrangements.

Unless otherwise stated in your agreement, the oral examination should be conducted as described in the University of Melbourne Graduate Research Training Policy .

Examination criteria and marking

The examination criteria and processes are described in detail in the  Graduate Research Training Policy .

Due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may have been necessary for you to alter your research plan, leading to a project that is different to the one you had originally intended.  In some cases, this may mean that the thesis you submit is not typical for your discipline. Your discussion in the thesis of COVID-19 impacts will guide the examiners’ understanding of the reported work and the environment in which it was undertaken.

All examiners will be asked to recommend that the thesis should:

• Pass with Revisions (Chair of Examiners)
• Revise, Resubmit and Regrade (Examiners), or

Masters theses also receive a numerical mark and a letter grade according to the  Grading Scale for Masters Degrees (Research) . A mark of 65% is required to pass.

The tables in the  Graduate Research Training Policy describe how examiners reports work.

Responding to examiners

Upon receiving the examiners' recommendations you are required to consider their feedback and discuss them with your supervisor and Chair of Examiners.

If you have been asked to resubmit your thesis for a second examination, you will be invited to write a response to the examiners' reports, which they will receive along with the revised thesis.

For theses requiring minor changes or revision, written responses to the examiners are not required.

Changes to the thesis

The majority of theses require some amendment before the degree is awarded. You will be informed of the changes required and supplied with copies of the examiners' reports, which will be edited for confidentiality. Note that you should only make changes to your thesis based on the recommendations of your examiners. The only other permitted change is if the publication status of a publication incorporated into your thesis has changed and you update that material to reflect the latest version (usually up to the author accepted version).

The corrections to your thesis should be incorporated in the body of the text.  If your examiner has provided an enumerated list of requested changes, you will also be required to supply a similarly enumerated list to address how you have responded to those requests.

• Pass with minor edits are required if the examiners recommend that you be awarded your degree, but minor corrections (such as typographical errors or formatting issues) are requested to the Chair of Examiner's satisfaction. You are usually given six weeks to complete minor amendments.
• Revision s entails minor revisions to content. These revisions will be reviewed and verified by your Chair of Examiners who may consult your Examiner to verify the changes.  You will be given two months to complete any revisions.
• Revise, resubmit and regrade (Examiner) occurs when serious shortcomings in the content of the thesis are present but can be resolved with major revision. Your revised thesis is returned to the Examiner to consider, and the Examiner regrades the thesis accordingly. Doctoral candidates are given 12 months to revise and resubmit the thesis; Masters candidates are given 6 months .  Your revision should address and respond to any concerns raised by the examiners, as well as make other changes to improve the thesis. Your revised thesis will be re-examined in its entirety.  This is a final opportunity to ensure your thesis meets the requirements of your degree.

If you need more time to finish the corrections, you can apply for an extension by completing an Application for an Extension to Submit Revisions.

For more information, view the Graduate Research Training Policy .

Citation for Completion

A citation is a completion requirement that is prepared by your supervisor. The citation will be read out at the graduation ceremonies for PhD and Doctorate students. The citation will also be included in the University's Evidence of Qualification and in the Australian Higher Education Graduation Statement (AHEGS).

The citation will summarise the nature of the independent research, the contribution to knowledge made, and the intellectual and/or practical value of the work. It is important that a lay person, without specialist knowledge of the field or its technical terms, is able to comprehend the nature of the research and appreciate its contribution to society.  Where technical terms or technical descriptors cannot be avoided they should either be expressed in plain language or include a plain language explanation so that the meaning is easily understood. Citation examples are provided below, including an example where technical terms are used.

Citation format

The citation should:

• be restricted to 50 words to prevent delays in the conferring ceremony (Please note citations that exceed the 50-word limit will be returned for revision to the appropriate length)
• commence with either of the words:  who investigated.../ who studied.../ who examined.../ who found.../ who argues.../ whose work will benefit...  (the name of the candidate will be automatically added once the citation has been submitted)
• contain a brief description about what the research achieved or 'found'
• give an indication about the impact of the research or its potential application
• be grammatically correct and  written in language which can be understood by a lay audience at the conferring ceremony
• use present or future tense to describe the findings, impact or potential application
• only use those technical or specialised terms which are in general use; otherwise a plain language explanation should be added
• refer back to the candidate by using 'their findings' (the candidate's name should not be used within the text of the citation).

Citation examples

Technical terms

who investigated biofilms of the hospital 'superbug' Klebsiella. Biofilms are resistant to standard disinfection and treatment regimes.  He discovered that biofilm formation was mediated by Mrk, a bacterial attachment structure, regulated by a protein, MrkH. The identification of MrkH presents opportunities for creating biofilm-resistant plastics and drug inhibitors of biofilms.

who investigated the invasion process of cancer cells. A protein known as Tks5 was implicated in the formation of membrane structures on the cell surface known as invadopodia. His study gives unique insight as to how cancer cells utilise Tks5 within invadopodia to facilitate invasion throughout the body.

Discipline-specific examples

"who completed a study of Victoria's celebrated initiatives in community consultation in the 1970s and 80s. She showed how governments and key mediating agencies marginalised radical and politically turbulent values and interests to achieve forms of consultation consistent with conservative interest accommodation practices traditional to Victorian politics."

Business & Economics

"who studied how leaders use performance evaluations and rewards to influence employee behaviours. He finds that while lenient evaluations have negative organizational consequences, the opposite is true for lenient rewards. He also finds that being somewhat lenient with rewards helps leaders more clearly communicate their priorities and build their credibility."

Psychological Sciences

"who studied parents of adolescents with emerging psychosis. She found that certain coping styles and beliefs about mental illness were associated with parents' distress and grief, and with problematic interactions with their children. Her study has important implications for psychological interventions with mentally ill young people and their caregivers."

Earth Sciences

"who investigated the origins of diamond-bearing magmas from India. He established a new analytical technique and used this to reveal subtle differences in the mantle source characteristics between provinces. This technique has attracted international interest and is currently being applied to the kimberlites of South Africa."

"who investigated the impact of learning on the political literacy of young activists. He developed our understanding of political knowledge, skills and values and how these influenced participation.  His study gives unique insight to a new generation of activists and poses challenges for researchers, policy makers and education practitioners."

Engineering

"who studied the structural behaviour of concrete walls, composite steel-concrete columns and industrial buildings when subjected to fire. The study improved our understanding of appropriate levels of building safety and now forms the basis of structural design requirements for building elements and buildings in situations involving fire."

"who examined the problem of human trafficking for forced labour in the fishing industries of Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. He demonstrates the failure of these countries to harmonise their responses under norms of ‘transnational criminal law’. His findings expose legal and policy ‘fault-lines’ for the benefit of future industry regulation."

"who investigated the role of chromosome breaks in the development of leukaemia in mice. A new tumour suppressor gene was unequivocally implicated, and its position refined to a degree which will allow cloning of the gene, and examination of the role of the equivalent gene in human cancer."

"who developed a system for analysing tonal implications in fifteenth-century European Music. He found that many Renaissance works, unlike later Classical music, project two tonal centres. His study opens the way for a richer understanding of the links between Early Music and the music of today."

"who investigated the relationship between fire, vegetation and climate in western Tasmania, Australia, over the last 12,000 years. She identified climate as the dominant control over fire activity, and produced Australia’s first ever pollen-based estimates of vegetation change, reconciling a long-standing debate over the evolution of this landscape."

Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences

"who studied key pork supply chain factors that influence eating quality to develop cuts-based predictive eating quality models for pork. Her studies focussed on reducing eating quality variability of Australian pork, informed by quantitative consumer analyses, to improve consumer acceptability and support its differentiation as a consistently high quality product."

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The climate of Perm ( Russia ) Perm is located in the western part of Russia on the banks of the river Kama situated in the European part of the country. Perm is situated on the Trans-Siberian Railway and is the capital of the Perm Krai (region). Perm is the most easterly situated inland port in Europe. Perm has been inhabited since the history of mankind. However, the city as we know it today was founded in the 17th century. Perm has a moderate continental climate with cold winters and cool summers. During the winter large amounts of snow may fall, more than a meter on an annual basis. Rainfall is quite evenly spread out over the year with a peak during the summer. Perm gets about 650 millimeters of rain per year. Perm has an average humidity figure of 75%. However, during the summer a humidity figure of more than 80% may be recorded.

Disclaimer The information at this site was carefully composed from climate data collected by meteorological services, meteorological offices, climate experts and other sources. “More climate info” is based on statistics, climate data and personal experience. No rights can be derived from this site. Weather has no memory and gives no guaranties. Nothing is as changeable and unpredictable as the weather. The authors of this site feel in no way responsible for any damages caused by misinterpretation or other circumstances that may influence your holiday or trip to a certain destination. We provide information, it’s up to the reader to use it to it’s benefit.