essay conclusion animal farm

• Animal Farm

George Orwell

• Literature Notes
• Essay Questions
• Animal Farm at a Glance
• Book Summary
• About Animal Farm
• Character List
• Summary and Analysis
• Character Analysis
• Character Map
• George Orwell Biography
• Critical Essays
• The Russian Revolution
• Major Themes
• Full Glossary
• Practice Projects
• Cite this Literature Note

Study Help Essay Questions

1. Compare the lives of the animals when they live under Jones and under Napoleon. In what ways has Napoleon proven himself a similar tyrant?

2. Closely examine old Major's speech to the animals in Chapter 1 and discuss the ways in which he uses language to persuade his listeners.

3. Explain how one of the novel's minor characters (such as Mollie or Moses) illuminates Orwell's major themes and issues.

4. Examine Orwell's tone when describing the way the animals think of themselves under Napoleon's rule: How does Orwell's tone add to the novel's humor?

5. Explain how the human characters contribute to the novel's themes and issues.

6. Based upon Animal Farm , what deductions can a reader make about the kind of political system of which Orwell would approve?

Previous Full Glossary

Next Practice Projects

Animal Farm George Orwell

Animal Farm essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Animal Farm by George Orwell.

Animal Farm Material

• Study Guide
• Lesson Plan

Join Now to View Premium Content

GradeSaver provides access to 2360 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 11007 literature essays, 2767 sample college application essays, 926 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in this premium content, “Members Only” section of the site! Membership includes a 10% discount on all editing orders.

Animal Farm Essays

Snowball as a model of principled governance and leadership bronson hill 12th grade, animal farm.

Whilst Snowball is used to convey an image of just leadership in Animal Farm , Orwell demonstrates how this leadership alone is inadequate. Orwell presents his views on leadership and governance through the characterisation of Snowball as the ideal...

Rousseau's Social Contract in the novella ''Animal Farm'' Raghda Maher College

The social contract is the view that a person's morals or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form a society in which they live. The best three known philosophers of social contract theory: Thomas Hobbes,...

Bit and Spur Shall Rust Forever: Hollow Symbols in George Orwell's Animal Farm Mike Yank

George Orwell's political fable Animal Farm portrays a reenactment of the Russian Revolution, with major characters cast as farm animals and communism renamed "Animalism." True to the historical story, the aristocratic players manipulate the...

Consent to Destruction: the Phases of Fraternity and Separation in Animal Farm Anonymous

Within George Orwell’s simple allegory Animal Farm lie lessons about the complex bonds between leadership, fraternity, and self-agency. The animals are at first subjugated by humans in a communal voiceless suffering, but Old Major inspires them...

Character Textual Response - Benjamin Dante Di Paolo 9th Grade

In the allegorical novel Animal Farm, George Orwell uses animals to represent humans or groups in Stalin's Russian Revolution. A character who is integral to the development of the storyline is Benjamin, an aged donkey. It is unclear which group...

Non vi, sed verbo (Not by force, but by the word) Chelsea Santos 10th Grade

Sylvia Plath, a confessional poet, once said, “I talk to God but the sky is empty,” (Plath 199). When one talks to God, they know He is there, but they do not see Him. They ask for help and expect it right away, which leads to conflict. Plath is...

Comparison of Values: Animal Farm and V for Vendetta Joonhwy Kwon 11th Grade

George Orwell’s ‘Animal Farm’ is an allegorical fairy tale which is profound in its condemnations of totalitarian regimes. The novel explores the concepts of propaganda, totalitarianism and tyranny impacting on the oppressed society with the use...

Why Animal Farm Failed Anonymous 10th Grade

The social hierarchy and class differences of The Animal Farm caused its demise. The most prominent social groups settled into their own habitats, establishing their own “grounds.” The animals on the bottom of the hierarchy are not well educated,...

Moses the Raven: The "Church" of Animal Farm Eesha Zahid Khan 10th Grade

Animal Farm is an allegorical novel written by George Orwell based upon the historical events of the 1917 Russian Revolution. The short tale revolves around an overworked group of farm animals that rebel against their owners in an attempt to...

Power and Corruption: A Comparison of Animal Farm and Divergent Harleen Kaur 10th Grade

“All power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” is echoed throughout the texts ‘ Animal Farm’ (George Orwell, 1945) and Divergent (Neil Burger, 2014). Both texts demonstrate that the struggle for power is deep rooted in...

Lack of Education and the Rise of Class Stratification: Boxer, Napoleon, and the Fate of Animal Farm Peter Liu 11th Grade

The first president of the United States, George Washington, famously stated, “If freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter” (Washington). Often an uneducated working class is exploited for...

Propaganda and Power in Animal Farm Brendan Dickson 10th Grade

From Hitler to Hussein, the rise and fall of dictators has captivated historians and writers alike for centuries. British novelist George Orwell (1903-1950) was no exception. In his 1946 allegory Animal Farm , Orwell satirized the 1917 Russian...

The Use of Language in 1984 and Animal Farm Anonymous 12th Grade

The evolutionary aspect of the human race which sets it apart, in knowledge and complexity, from the rest of the animal kingdom, is its ability to express ideas through language. Arguably, our ability to manipulate language in order to negotiate,...

Old Major’s Speech: A Rhetorical Analysis Anonymous 10th Grade

Animal Farm , a book by George Orwell, begins with a leader, an old, wise boar that delivers a speech after their tyrant owner, Mr. Jones, goes to sleep. He speaks about how the animals are oppressed at the farm, and allows them to see how badly...

70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples

🔎 unique animal farm essay questions, 🏆 best animal farm essay topics & examples, 👍 simple & easy animal farm essay titles, 🎓 most interesting animal farm essay topics.

• Who Had the Absolute Power by the End of “Animal Farm”?
• What Was the Main Symbol of “Animal Farm”?
• Does the Story Condone Capitalism?
• Who Is the Protagonist of “Animal Farm”?
• What Are the Historical References in the Story?
• Who Can You Compare Napoleon to?
• Does “Animal Farm” Reflect the Russian Revolution?
• How Do You Define Socialist Ideas of “Animal Farm”?
• What Is the Snowball’s Role in the Story?
• Were There Innocent Characters in “Animal Farm”?
• Animal Farm by George Orwell: Literary Analysis Providing the title for the work, Orwell seems to ask the questions about the differences in the regime of the Soviet Union and irrational rule of animals at the farm.
• George Orwell and Animal Farm: A Critical Analysis Other farm owners try to attack the Animal Farm but Snowball lead a successful defense in the battle of the Cowshed and gains much worship amongst the animals.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell After the revolution in the Animal Farm, the animals establish the philosophy of Animalism in order to be different from human beings.
• Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell His greatest objective is to carry out the spreading of the revolution and to bring in the improvement of the general welfare of all the animals on the farm.
• The Animal Farm by George Orwell There are animals which represent the poor people while the pigs and dogs represent the administrators of the leader. The pigs and dogs are given power to rule the animals by Jones who is the […]
• Social Conflicts in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell This is the only way for the animals to establish equality and create a flourishing, happy and wealthy society.”Animal Farm” by Orwell is a description of the metamorphoses that happen within a freedom movement turning […]
• “I Have a Dream” and “Animal Farm” The Old Major’s speech as portrayed in the narrative Animal Farm has myriad of similarities and differences to the speech given by Martin Luther King Jr.in his attempt to liberate the black race from discrimination.
• Russian Revolution in Orwell’s “Animal Farm” Both the long-term and the short-term causes of the revolution contributed to the public outrage and diminished the people’s belief in the monarchy.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell One of the most obvious elements that the author of the Animal Farm uses in order to highlight the satire is irony.
• Dystopias in “Animal Farm” and “The Handmaid’s Tale” In this regard, the aim of literary dystopias is to caution and warn society against the blind following of ideologies that lead to the breakdown of social order.
• George Orwell and Two of His Works “1984” and “Animal Farm” Orwell draws on his own personal experiences in the context of political terrorism to describe a life, lived in fear and guilt.
• Domination in the Book “Animal Farm” The animals believed in the concept of equality and democracy. This discussion highlights some of the factors that influenced the social life of the animals within the farm.
• The Comparison of Snowball to Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Presentation of Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Inability of the Animals to Read and Its Effect on Their Lives in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Importance of Freedom in Society as Portrayed in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Distortion of Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Path to Tyranny in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Prototypical Character of Benjamin in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Message Against Totalitarianism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Differences Between the Novella “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and It’s Cartoon Adaptation
• The Theme of the Deterioration of Moral Rules in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Metaphor for the Life in the USSR in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Character Analysis: Boxer and Capitalism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Use of Humor to Describe Historical Events Illustrated in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Look at the Political Events That Led to the Writing of “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Totalitarianism Indictment in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Manipulation of Authority in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Theme of Absurditiy of the Russian Revolution in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Language to Create a Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Impact of Confrontation With Ideology of Communism and Theocracy on the Individual in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Personification of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely: An Analysis of Power and Strength in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Timeline of Events Showing Napoleon’s Rise to Power in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Destructionof the Truth in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Effects of Power and Control in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Comparison of Stalin and Napoleon and the Development of Allegory in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Negative Effects of Absolute Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Depiction of the Many Twists and Turns of Today’s Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Mocking of Communism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Attributes of Boxer’s Entrepreneurship as Described in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of Leader and Follower in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Look at Social Justice Issues Brought Out in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Conflict Between the Strong and the Weak in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Hidden Meaning in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Depiction of Communism Through a Fictional World of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Taking Advantage in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Troubles of Russia Depicted in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Cycle Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Transformation of an Individual Caused by the Misuse of Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• “Animal Farm” in the Context of What Makes Human Beings Human
• Old Major’s Speech to the Animals in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Comparative Analysis of Social Commentary in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and “Animals” by Pink Floyd
• The Portrayal of the Utopian Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Analysis of Symbolism in “The Sound of a Voice” by David Henry Hwang and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Utopia and Dystopia in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Comparison of “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Corruptness of Power Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Communism and Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, December 15). 70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-farm-essay-examples/

"70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples." IvyPanda , 15 Dec. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-farm-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2023) '70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples'. 15 December.

IvyPanda . 2023. "70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples." December 15, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-farm-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples." December 15, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-farm-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples." December 15, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-farm-essay-examples/.

• The Alchemist Questions
• The Cask of Amontillado Research Ideas
• A Raisin in the Sun Essay Titles
• The Old Man and the Sea Research Topics
• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Research Ideas
• Into the Wild Titles
• Lord of the Flies Research Ideas
• Oedipus the King Essay Topics
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Research Topics
• The House on Mango Street Research Topics
• Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Research Topics
• The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Research Topics
• Their Eyes Were Watching God Ideas
• A Streetcar Named Desire Titles
• The Yellow Wallpaper Ideas

• Science & Math
• Sociology & Philosophy
• Law & Politics
• Animal Farm Essay

Throughout George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm , the accumulation of power results from language and the use of rhetoric. Through language and the authority of words , the expulsion of Mr. Jones transpires and the undemocratic ascension of Napoleon’s dictatorship is made possible. The remarkable rhetorical and articulation ability of the pigs and their skillful manipulation of language for any situation that questioned their integrity dictated the fate of the farm.

The novel demonstrates, through the animals on the farm, humans’ susceptibility to the manipulation of language, the illusion of integrity created by powerful words, and the influence of persuasive oratory without fully comprehending its meaning.

After the rebellion on Manor Farm and the banishment of Mr.Jones the animals set up seven guidelines in which to govern themselves by, known as the “Commandments”. All the animals on the farm help devise and inscribe them on the side of the barn to ensure their visibility to all. The pigs manipulation of these commandments to gain control over the other animals is an evidence of the power of language manipulation demonstrated in the novel.

To begin, the pigs broke the commandment “Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy” and through the use of powerful speech justify their actions to the other animals. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with neighboring farms: not of course, for any commercial purpose but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary.” (Orwell  42).

The animals were in agreement that from the expulsion of Mr. Jones that Animal Farm would never communicate with anything that had two legs, primarily human beings. In order to gain more materials for building the windmill and financial revenue for themselves, the pigs made the decision to start selling eggs to a market in Willingdon.

Though this is contradictory to what the animals originally put forth in the commandments the pigs persuade them that it was essential to their very existence to make some form of communication with the world around them. The other animals were quite skeptical of this proposal but the convincing mannerism in which the pigs argue their survival based on trade with humans brought the unchallenged acceptance of their decision.

Second, the pigs also alter the fourth commandment “No animals shall sleep in a bed” so they could live inside of Mr. Jones’ old house and when questioned by the other animals; the pigs re-interpret the commandment’s actual meaning. “You have heard, then comrades,’ he said, ‘that we pigs now sleep in the bed of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose, surely, that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded.

The rule was against sheets, which are a human invention.” (45- 46). Through the manipulation of language Squealer cleverly convinces the animals that a human bed is no different than that of an animal bed. He goes to justify his action by stating they sleep without sheets and therefore compile with the fourth commandment. Once again the animals are permissive to this because of the pigs’ careful use of words and ability to manipulate the meaning of the commandments in their favor.

Finally, the power of language exploitation is demonstrated through the pigs disobeying and rewriting the sixth commandment, “No animal shall kill any other animal”. “Squealer read the commandment to the animals. It ran: “No animal shall kill any other animal without cause .’ Somehow or other the last two words had slipped out of the animals’ memory, argued Squealer “The commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was a good reason for killing the traitors who have leagued themselves with Snowball” (61).

Once again the pigs have abhorred the rules and then found means to justify their action through words. Carefully “stringing a web of lies” with their words, the pigs trick the other animals into believing that “without cause” had always been a part of the sixth commandment and the animals were foolish to ever question the intelligence of a pig.

Elise Durham, the book critic, supports this perspective by asserting, “The horrific execution that follows is in direct contradiction of the original sixth commandment, but due to the pigs’ cunning linguistic skills the killing of other animals by pigs went unpunished.” [1] However not only are the pigs’ ability to manipulate the often vague meanings of each commandment attributed to their power of language, but also their ability to convince the other animals of the presence of an evil force responsible for all the problems on the farm.

After the revolt on the farm, all major decision-making was turned over to the most intelligent animals on the farm, the pigs and their leaders, Napoleon and Snowball. They often disagreed on many issues concerning the farm until Napoleon expelled Snowball from the farm via guard dogs and took control of the farm and its inhabitants. However even after the disappearance of Snowball, through the use of persuasive language, the pigs still find a way to blame him for any misfortune the farm may encounter. 

To begin, the pigs blame Snowball for destroying the windmill in which the animals labored so long to build. “Comrades,” he said quietly, ‘do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL! He suddenly roared in a voice of thunder” (47). It was clear that the terrible storm the night before could be attributed to the windmill being destroyed; however the pigs were able to persuade the animals, even in his absence that Snowball was responsible for its destruction.

Christian Ballesteros, the literary analyst, agrees with this agreement by stating, “A natural mishap would have been portrayed as an omen over their farm and ideology; however the idea of an evil presence working against the farm would only make the animals work more diligently and look for guidance from their all-knowing leaders, the pigs.” [2] Next, the pigs convince the animals that their terrible crop season is because of Snowball. “The wheat crop was full of weeds, and Squealer had somehow discovered that on one of his nocturnal visits Snowball has mixed weed seeds with the seed corn.” (65).

In reality, the farm is suffering from disorganization and the corruption of the pigs hoarding profits for alcohol, which resulted in no wheat seeds being bought. Instead of explaining this otherwise selfish behavior to the other animals, the pigs convince them that their “perfect” harvest was being deliberately afflicted by Snowball. To protect their own interests in money and power, the pigs misinform the other animals with persuasive speeches to prevent them from revolting against their control and creating the illusion that the farm is still successful.

Finally, after the Battle of the Cowshed, the pigs discredit Snowball of his medal, Animal Hero, First Class, for fighting bravely during the battle. “The animals now also learned that Snowball has never- as many of them believed hitherto- received the order of ‘Animal Hero, First Class’ (65). Before his expulsion, the animals regarded Snowball as both a scholar and a gentleman and had grown skeptical about many terrible accusations which were insinuated him.

Through the propaganda ability of Squealer and the other pigs, they were able to persuade the animals that Snowball had never received “Animal Hero, First Class” which had made him famous and admired by all. Through discrediting this award from Snowball the pigs successfully removed any association of Snowball with a hero and could therefore use him a “scape goat” for any problems without questioning from the other animals. Though the pigs’ blatant abuse on the behalf of Snowball’s name went unnoticed, an even greater manipulation of other situations by the pigs proved to only be possible due to their wit and verbal communication to create the illusion of their integrity and selflessness.

Throughout the novel, the animals are plagued with numerous problems when attempting to run their own ostracized farm. The pigs, however, often find ways for themselves to benefit from the peril of the other animals but through the command of language create the illusion of altruistic and virtuous behavior on their behalf. First, the pigs convince the animals that Napoleon’s new dictatorship was not something Napoleon wanted but was essential for the survival of the farm. “Comrades,” he said, “I trust that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labor upon himself.

Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility” (37). Though Napoleon’s new position has given him all the wealth and control of the farm the pigs have disguised this with arguments of works and pressure which Napoleon must endure. Angelo Christonea, a college English professor, supports this view by convincingly arguing, “Napoleon’s ascension as a dictator is clearly a selfish move to elevate the pigs’ standard of living on the farm but through the use of rhetoric made to appear as a noble act.” [3] Second, the pigs deceived the animals about their contributions toward Boxer’s murder to appear innocent and benevolent.

“It had come to his knowledge, he said, that a foolish and wicked rumor had been circulated at the time of Boxer’s removal. Some of the animals had noticed that the van which took Boxer away was marked ‘Horse Slaughterer,…….It was almost unbelievable, said Squealers, that any animal could be so stupid. Surely, he cried indignantly, whisking his tail and skipping from side to side, surely they knew their beloved Leader, Comrade Napoleon, better than that! Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer’s death- bed, the admirable care he had received, and the expensive medicines for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost…..” (84).

The pigs’ indecent regard for their fallen comrade and shameful disposal of him would have appalled the other animals. However, Squealer’s clever speech and storytelling left the animals astonished by Napoleon’s apparent heroic actions. Finally, the pigs assert their selfish hoarding of the extra apple and milk ratios are essential to the farm’s prosperity.

“Comrades!” he cried “You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brain workers . The whole management and organization of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. (. 23).

The withholding of these extra ratios is a perfect example of the pigs’ selfish intentions and corruption from the very beginning. Their manipulation of language creates the appearance that the pigs only require the extra ratios to make the farm a better place for all; however, this is far from the truth.  They have through words convinced the other animals of their need for the apples and milk due to their “excess intelligence” as to not comprise their appearance of innocent and altruism.

In conclusion, Animal Farm provides a very important lesson for all who read it. It shows that the true intent of some can often be shrouded with clever rhetoric and captivating speech, often leading the masses into confusion and vulnerability. Although the characters in the novel were animals and could be considered unintelligent, the novel conveys that we humans are no better when it comes to exploiting one another with the power of words, “As we starred through the window it was no question now.

The animals outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again: but already it was impossible to say which was which” (95).

[1] Durham, Elise. “The Seven Commandments of Animal Farm.” 123HelpMe . 2000. 17 Dec 2008 <http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=15455>.

[2] Ballesteros, Christian. “Animal Farm Essay.” Literature Network Forums . 2005. 17 Dec 2008 <http://www.online-literature.com/forums/showthread.php?t=9049>.

[3] Christonea, Angelo . “Absolute Power in “Animal Farm”.” Book Rags . 12 09 2005. 16 Dec 2008 <http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/8/1/225342/5601>.

Related Posts

• Animal Farm: Allegory of Stalinism
• Animal Farm: Character Analysis of Napoleon
• Animal Farm Monologue: Squealer
• Animal Farm Critical Passage
• Essay: How the Pigs Took Over the Farm in George Orwell’s Animal Farm

Author:  William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team)

Tutor and Freelance Writer. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. Article last reviewed: 2022 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2024 | Creative Commons 4.0

After Mr. Jones is exiled from the farm, all decision making is turned over to the pigs. They create commandments in which all the animals have adhere to; then through the use of lies and manipulation create exceptions for themselves to the rules (i.e sleeping in the bed, lying about killing the horse, drinking alcohol) They continue to lie about events such as the misfortune of the windmill, attributing its destruction to Snowball rather than accepting the bad luck and appearing “weak” in front of the other animals. Furthermore they lie about the downfall of the crop by insinuating that snowball mixed ragweed seeds in with the corn crop and that they needed the apples to achieve “higher thinking”. Essentially from the beginning of the animal’s control of the farm, the pigs have been creating a “web of lies” to control and manipulate the other animals into doing what they want (aka protecting their own interests; controlling the farm and living comfortable lives. I hope this helps!

i dont understand how the pigs lie to protect their own intrests :/ please helpppp

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Post comment

You may opt out or contact us anytime.

Zócalo Podcasts

Reading Animal Farm in Zimbabwe

From minority white rule to dictatorship and beyond, orwell’s 1945 novel—now in a new translation—has proved prescient.

George Orwell’s 1945 novel Animal Farm speaks directly to Zimbabwe’s readers in 2024—especially with a new translation, writes Beaven Tapureta of Writers International Network Zimbabwe. Courtesy of AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi .

by Beaven Tapureta | April 17, 2024

I began to notice Animal Farm references proliferating in Zimbabwe in 2008.

That was the year hyperinflation nosedived the economy, and long-time leader Robert Mugabe felt threatened enough by a newly formed opposition party that he silenced its supporters.

In the years since, writers and independent media have repeatedly turned to Animal Farm as a way to illuminate our political reality—even after Mugabe’s 2017 ousting. Last year, a group of Zimbabwean writers published the first-ever Shona translation of it, Chimurenga Chemhuka or Animal Revolution . Chimurenga Chemhuka , published by House of Books , strategically appeared on the literary stage in the lead-up to last August’s general elections to encourage Zimbabwean readers to think critically about politics at home and abroad.

Animal Farm follows a group of anthropomorphized barnyard animals who gather to overthrow their oppressive human masters and set up an egalitarian society on the farm. However, power-loving pigs take advantage of internal divisions to subvert the revolution. Concluding that “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others,” the pigs install a dictatorship led by the despotic pig Napoleon.

George Orwell intended the book to be a commentary on Joseph Stalin’s betrayal of Russia’s  Bolshevik  revolution. But since Animal Farm was published in 1945, the story’s message has served as a bitter pill to all Napoleons threatened by freedom and equality, including in Zimbabwe.

After the end of white-minority rule in 1980, Mugabe, like Napoleon, seized the reins and installed himself as the head of the country for the next three decades.

When a people-powered movement finally pressured Mugabe to step down, euphoria filled streets and homes. Only it did not last long. People had expected a government of national unity would run the country until the house was in order, but new leaders ignored that.  The people of Zimbabwe came to feel they had been neglected by the same leaders they had united with to remove a dictator.

Orwell’s tale is a powerful reminder of how freedom decomposes when it’s entrusted to the hands of the selfish.  

Over and over again, we see people unite in times of revolution—but once the goal is collectively achieved, greed and power crash the original dream. Who in Africa did not hope that after colonialism and apartheid, the people would enjoy true independence?

Petina Gappah, a lawyer and leading Zimbabwean writer, said that she first hatched the idea for a Shona translation of Animal Farm a few years ago. She and the rest of the team behind the effort sought to do more than put Orwell’s book in the Shona vernacular—they wanted it to feel Zimbabwean.

“Reading [ Chimurenga Chemhuka ] is like reading a story told in Shona to a Shona audience. This makes it our story, and the similarities also inform the reader that human beings are almost the same in deeds in spite of differences in skin color and geographical space,” another translation team member, Tinashe Muchuri, a Shona author, translator, poet, and journalist, told me.

The settings and places of traditional Shona folktales are vague, just like in Orwell’s tale.  However, the translators used different Shona dialects to appeal to a local readership here. In his article last year, Zimbabwean literary scholar Tinashe Mushakavanhu called attention to the number of dialects employed in the book: “Though Chimurenga Chemhuka is mainly in standard Shona, its characters speak a medley of different Shona dialects—such as chiKaranga, chiZezuru, chiManyika—plus a smattering of contemporary slang.”

Through the translators’ creativity, the original tale gained additional meanings as well. In most African folklore, and many other cultures, the pig represents selfishness. This makes the actions of Napoleon, and his fellow pigs, even more resonant.

Chimurenga Chemhuka is part of a larger renaissance of literary translation happening in Zimbabwe today, which is often centered on works about human rights. Ignatius Mabasa, an illustrious Zimbabwean writer and translator, has said that he sees translating as a “form of liberation struggle” that furthers a decolonized mindset. His translations include Finnish author Tove Jansson’s 1962 “The Invisible Child” (“Mwana Asingaonekwe”), which tells the story of a girl named Ninny who became invisible after her caretaker mistreats her, and Zimbabwean novelist Tsitsi Dangarebga’s Nervous Conditions (Kusagadzikana). First published in English in 1988, Nervous Conditions tells the story of Tambudzai Sigauke, who dreams of escaping a life of poverty in rural Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in the 1960s to pursue an education.

Recently, I attended a writers’ retreat in Nyanga, here in Zimbabwe, where I discussed today’s translation efforts with Blessing Musariri, a Zimbabwean children’s book author, poet, and screenwriter. Musariri said that she sees translation as a way to begin a global conversation in the Shona vernacular. “Translation is a great way to expand on the literary lexicon of works written in Shona. International literature usually deals with broader themes and ideas than what we might write about specifically in our own language,” Musariri told me.

Animal Farm is an important example of this. Zimbabweans have long been conscious of Orwell’s novel, but reading Chimurenga Chemhuka offers a chance to fuse the novel’s 1945 message with present-day politics.

Now it’s only a matter of making sure these translated works are made accessible to their intended audience.

Distribution must not be limited to critics and intellectuals in offices and universities. Instead, publishers must be diligent about getting books in local bookstores and libraries, and thus to the ordinary Zimbabwean—the very people whose lives these stories reflect.

Send A Letter To the Editors

Please tell us your thoughts. Include your name and daytime phone number, and a link to the article you’re responding to. We may edit your letter for length and clarity and publish it on our site.

(Optional) Attach an image to your letter. Jpeg, PNG or GIF accepted, 1MB maximum.

By continuing to use our website, you agree to our privacy and cookie policy . Zócalo wants to hear from you. Please take our survey !-->

Get More Zócalo

No paywall. No ads. No partisan hacks. Ideas journalism with a head and a heart.

Advertisement

Supported by

Scientists Fault Federal Response to Bird Flu Outbreaks on Dairy Farms

Officials have shared little information, saying the outbreak was limited. But asymptomatic cows in North Carolina have changed the assessment.

• Share full article

By Apoorva Mandavilli and Emily Anthes

In the month since federal authorities announced an outbreak of bird flu on dairy farms, they have repeatedly reassured the public that the spate of infections does not impact the nation’s food or milk supply, and poses little risk to the public.

Yet the outbreak among cows may be more serious than originally believed. In an obscure online update this week, the Department of Agriculture said there is now evidence that the virus is spreading among cows, and from cows to poultry.

Officials in North Carolina have detected bird flu infections in a cattle herd with no symptoms, The New York Times has learned — information the U.S.D.A. has not shared publicly. The finding suggests that the infections may be more widespread than thought.

Whether there are asymptomatic animals elsewhere remains unclear, because the U.S.D.A. is not requiring farms to test cattle for infection. It has been reimbursing farmers for testing, but only for 20 cows per farm that were visibly ill. This week, the department said it would begin reimbursing farms for testing cows without symptoms.

Federal officials have shared limited genetic information about the virus with scientists and with officials in other countries, which is important for learning how the virus might be evolving as it spreads.

They are not actively monitoring infections in pigs, which are famously effective hosts for evolving flu viruses, and which are often kept in proximity to cattle. And officials have said they have “no concern” about the safety of milk, despite a lack of hard data.

In joint statements in March, the U.S.D.A., the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assured the public that pasteurized milk was safe. But the F.D.A. is still conducting tests to ascertain whether the process eliminates the virus. The agency declined to say when results from those tests would be available.

Some experts said the agencies should not have asserted that the milk is safe before they had the data in hand, even though there is only a slim chance of risk to people.

“I understand that the milk market is very concerned about a loss of even a few percent of milk consumption,” said Dr. Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota.

But, he added, “the idea that you can avoid this kind of discussion by just giving absolutes is not going to serve them well.”

The federal response so far echoes early missteps during the pandemic, he and other experts said. “It seems they learned little from the communication lessons that Covid taught us,” Dr. Osterholm said.

In an interview this week, Dr. Rosemary Sifford, the U.S.D.A.’s chief veterinarian, said that more than a dozen federal epidemiologists, roughly twice as many laboratory employees, field staff members and academic and state collaborators were all involved in the investigations.

“Please recall that we’ve been engaged in this for less than a month,” she said. “We are working very hard to generate more information.”

U.S.D.A. staff are analyzing only viral genetic sequences from sick cows, but will release information for outside experts “in the very, very near future,” Dr. Sifford said.

“We definitely recognize that we need to learn more about the overall picture,” she added.

If the department were more forthcoming, scientists outside the government could already be helping to contain the virus, Dr. Tom Inglesby, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security at the Bloomberg School of Public Health, said.

“The days when it was seen as a good plan or acceptable for a government agency to keep all data to manage on its own are gone long ago,” he said.

Part of the problem, some experts said, is that the U.S.D.A. has long been in the position of both regulating and promoting the business of agriculture.

“We all want farms to succeed, and we want to have that steady food supply for the American consumer,” said Donn Teske, president of the Kansas Farmers Union. “But then when you are also tasked with the oversight, it’s a little bit of an issue there.”

The current version of the bird flu virus has been circulating since 2020 in poultry, wild birds and more recently, a wide range of mammals.

As of Friday afternoon, the outbreak in dairy cows had spread to 32 herds in eight states: Texas, New Mexico, Michigan, Kansas, Idaho, Ohio, North Carolina and South Dakota.

It is unclear how the outbreak began on dairy farms. Early data suggest that there were at least two spillovers of the virus from bird to cow, in the Texas Panhandle and New Mexico, Dr. Sifford said.

So far among cattle, the virus, called H5N1, seems only to affect lactating cows, and only temporarily. There have been no diagnoses in calves, pregnant heifers or beef cows, and no deaths. But the virus appears to have spilled back, from cows to poultry, in at least one instance in Texas.

That infected herd and poultry flock were on different farms. But the virus may have been transported between them by people or animals that had contact with objects contaminated with virus-laden milk, according to the Texas Animal Health Commission.

Infected cows appear to carry large amounts of the virus in their milk. (The U.S.D.A. has tested relatively few animals by nasal swab, however, and is not testing feces, a common repository for viruses.)

Milking equipment on dairy farms is typically deep-cleaned, but not sterilized, at least once a day. People milking cows are encouraged to wear safety glasses, or masks or face shields, but the recommendations are often ignored.

In cows sickened by H5N1, milk production drops sharply, and the milk becomes viscous and yellowish. “We’ve never seen something like this before,” said Dr. Keith Poulsen, director of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.

(Milk from infected but asymptomatic cows seems unchanged, according to a spokeswoman for the North Carolina agriculture department.)

In interviews, some experts criticized the U.S.D.A.’s testing recommendations, which until this week promised reimbursement only for a pool of animals that were obviously ill. Farmers may not have found many infections simply because they were not looking for them.

Widespread testing of animals with and without symptoms is crucial early in outbreaks to understand the scale and the possible mechanisms of viral transmission, said Caitlin Rivers, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

Pigs are a linchpin in flu surveillance, many experts noted, as they are susceptible to both bird and human flu. They might act as “mixing bowls,” enabling H5N1 to acquire the ability to spread efficiently among people.

The U.S.D.A. is not testing pigs or asking farmers to do so, Dr. Sifford said.

Testing cows for H5N1 infection requires approval from a state official. Milk samples obtained by an accredited veterinarian are typically packaged in tubes, packed in insulated coolers, and shipped to a U.S.D.A.-approved lab, along with a unique identifier. Positive tests are then confirmed by the U.S.D.A.’s national lab in Iowa.

Each step slows the speedy response needed to contain an outbreak, Dr. Inglesby said. Testing should be easy, free and accessible, he said.

Dr. Sifford said the U.S.D.A. has already received a “small number” of samples from cows without symptoms. The department is “strongly recommending testing before herds are moved between states, which includes asymptomatic herds,” an agency statement said.

Already some state health departments and farmers have grown frustrated with the federal approach. Several farms in Minnesota — not one of the eight states with known cases — are sending samples of cow blood to private labs to test for antibodies to the virus, which would indicate a current or past infection, said Dr. Joe Armstrong, a veterinarian at the University of Minnesota Extension.

Other dairy farmers are reluctant to test, worried that fears about bird flu could hurt their business, said Dr. Amy Swinford, director of the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory.

“I think there’s many more dairies that have had this going on than what we’ve gotten samples from,” she said.

Dairy farmers are grappling with low milk prices and high feed costs, said Rick Naerebout, chief executive of the Idaho Dairymen’s Association.

“It’s already a very difficult economic situation, and then to look at possibly losing 20 percent of your revenue for a period of two to four weeks — that’s really adding a lot of anxiousness to the situation,” he said.

Idaho barred the importation of cows from the Texas Panhandle after news of bird flu outbreak there, but a week too late. Having an infected herd in Idaho despite those precautions “was kind of a gut shot,” Mr. Naerebout said.

Matt Herrick, a spokesman for the International Dairy Foods Association, said that federal officials should provide more resources and equipment for farmers to protect themselves, and should publicize updates more widely, including through social media.

There is no mention of the bird flu outbreak on the U.S.D.A.’s homepage. The last outbreak-related announcement from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a division of the department, is dated April 2.

The U.S.D.A. is exploring vaccines to protect cattle from H5N1, but it is unclear how long it might take to develop them. Dr. Armstrong, of the University of Minnesota Extension, said many farmers and veterinarians hope the virus will “burn itself out.”

Instead, it may become a long-term problem. “The goal is to prepare for that,” he said. “Not for this wishful thinking of, ‘It’ll just go away.’”

Apoorva Mandavilli is a reporter focused on science and global health. She was a part of the team that won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of the pandemic. More about Apoorva Mandavilli

Emily Anthes is a science reporter, writing primarily about animal health and science. She also covered the coronavirus pandemic. More about Emily Anthes

You are here

Moscow downtown historic district.

• Location: Moscow Idaho Regional Essays: Idaho Latah County Architect: Robert H. Barton Leonidas McCartor Michael Shields William J. McConnell James McGuire Milburn Kenworthy Types: mixed-use developments motion picture theaters hotels (public accommodations) apartments retail stores storefronts Styles: Romanesque Revival Richardsonian Romanesque Italianate (North American architecture styles) Spanish Colonial Revival Art Deco Materials: brick (clay material) cast iron sandstone dimension stone cast stone

What's Nearby

Wendy R. McClure, " Moscow Downtown Historic District ", [ Moscow , Idaho ], SAH Archipedia, eds. Gabrielle Esperdy and Karen Kingsley, Charlottesville: UVaP, 2012—, http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/ID-01-057-0003 . Last accessed: April 20, 2024.

Permissions and Terms of Use

According to historians who traveled throughout North Idaho at the turn of the twentieth century to interpret the early histories and future viability of the region’s towns, Moscow was a community where the early “pioneers got it right.” In 1903, visiting historians observed a thriving town in the center of a rich agricultural valley, where commercial development significantly outpaced resident population growth. They noted that, here, in contrast to other pioneer settlements, railroad companies accepted early settlers’ geographic choice for the town center rather than forcing the town to move the commercial districts to accommodate railroad interests. Downtown Moscow has persisted as the symbolic heart of the community and center of public life. Its late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century buildings have adapted to changing needs over time and currently serve entertainment and housing needs of a university city.

Multiple conditions favored early Moscow’s capacity to achieve stability and prosperity as a business center during its formative years. The region’s geography was naturally accommodating of human habitation. For hundreds of years “Tatkinmah,” the “valley of the spotted deer” in which Moscow is located, served as a seasonal meeting grounds for tribal peoples including the Nez Perce, Coeur d’Alene, and Palouse, who frequented the area to harvest camas roots, trade, and race horses. Early settlers benefitted from ease of access to the region afforded by the Nez Perce Trail, which climbed two thousand feet from the tribe’s winter home in the Snake River Valley. In 1871, the first wave of homesteaders ascended the trail and claimed land in what they called “Paradise Valley,” a landscape of rich soil, bucolic grassy hills, and gently flowing streams. As farm families in pursuit of a permanent home, they brought early stability to the area and a need for a commercial marketplace. Moscow’s formative years also benefitted from the foresight and generosity of four homesteaders and businessmen (Almon Lieuallen, James Deakin, Henry McGregor, and John Russell), who each donated 30 acres of their intersecting claims to establish the initial townsite and commercial center. From the start, they established a climate for community stability by cultivating commercial enterprises along Main Street. Their motivations differed from those of fortunes seekers throughout the west, who temporarily populated, and exploited, early western settlements and then moved on.

Given its central location within a highly productive agricultural landscape, downtown Moscow quickly expanded from its humble beginnings into a booming regional marketplace for outlying communities and farmsteads. In 1885, the railroad arrived downtown, assuring Moscow’s role as a regional shipping point. Equally vital to the commercial district’s economic well-being, was the territorial legislature’s 1888 decision to locate the University of Idaho in Moscow. The combined economic stimuli afforded by agriculture, railroad linkage, and education produced downtown Moscow’s most significant period of commercial development. All downtown buildings constructed between 1888 and 1893 were either retail establishments or banks; over one-third of buildings designated as “contributing” to Moscow’s National Historic Downtown District were built in this period. Their developers, which included William McConnell, Robert H. Barton, and Michael Shields, were among Moscow’s most influential local businessmen. In architectural stature and purpose, these buildings remain unsurpassed by later periods of downtown development.

In 1891, William McConnell and his partner, James McGuire, erected the McConnell-McGuire Building, a three-story department store on the southeast corner of First and Main Streets. The physical heart of downtown during this period, however, developed at the intersection of Fourth and Main Streets, where a prominent commercial building was constructed at each corner between 1889 and 1891. All of the structures were built of brick, as required by an 1891 city ordinance regulating fire safety. The 1891 Skattaboe Block, originally constructed on the southwest corner of the intersection in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, was modified at the street level in the 1980s. The Hotel Moscow, a replacement building following a catastrophic fire in 1890, was also designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Across the street on the northeast corner, Leonidas McCartor erected two mixed-use buildings in the Romanesque Revival style in 1891 and 1896, respectively. The 1891 building initially served as Farmer’s Bank before becoming Moscow’s City Hall in 1900, and it served in that capacity until the mid-twentieth century. Use of the Italianate style for downtown buildings was also relatively common as in the Shields Building on the intersection’s southeast corner. Michael Shields developed the Shields Building North as Moscow’s first three-story brick building with an elevator in 1889. The building has since lost some of its original ornamentation and has been modified at the street level.

Mirroring national economic trends, downtown development and construction activity paused during the economic panic of 1893. The national recession led to a slowdown in new construction and the upper floors of several department stores were converted from retail space to offices and apartments between 1893 and 1900. Main Street’s growth resumed in tandem with the country’s economic recovery. Twenty percent of the downtown district’s current inventory of buildings was built between 1900 and World War I. The majority are one- and two-part, block-style commercial buildings. They are smaller in scale and simpler in their detailing than buildings associated with downtown’s peak period. The Kenworthy Theater, a vaudeville and motion picture venue, is a notable exception. Between World War I and World War II, downtown continued to infill with brick and concrete block buildings designed in period-appropriate Art Deco and Spanish Mission styles. Both downtown movie theaters exhibit Art Deco influences and remain popular destinations for cultural entertainment and community events.

Typical of downtowns throughout the country during the post–World War II period, retail businesses and buildings along Moscow’s Main Street suffered from the erosive effects of highway traffic and shopping mall construction. A downtown revitalization initiative in 1980, featuring highway rerouting, streetscape improvements, and construction of a public plaza at the downtown’s core intersection at 4th and Main, helped to re-establish Main Street as a center for public life. The historic integrity of even the most prominent downtown buildings has been compromised, and many bear the marks of storefront modifications intended to forestall retail decline. Collectively, however, they provide a palimpsest of inherited culture and visitors to Moscow’s Main Street need only look up from street level at the brick buildings to connect with late-nineteenth-century community builders who had envisioned downtown Moscow as a bustling regional marketplace.

Attebury, J. Building Idaho: An Architectural History. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, 1991.

David, H. “Moscow at the Turn of the Century.” Moscow, ID: Local History Paper #6, Latah County Historical Society, 1979.

Hibbard, Don, “McConnell-McGuire Building,” Latah County, Idaho. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 1977. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington DC.

Julin, Suzanne, “Moscow Downtown Historic District,” Latah County, Idaho. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 2005. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington DC.

Julin, Suzanne, and D. Krae, “Kenworthy Theater,” Latah County, Idaho. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 2001. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington DC.

Monroe, J. Moscow: Living and Learning on the Palouse , Charleston, SC: Making of America Series, Arcadia Publishing, 2003.

Otness, L. A Great Good Country: A Guide to Historic Moscow and Latah County, Idaho . Moscow, ID: Local History Paper # 8, Latah County Historical Society, 1983.

Western Historical Publishing Company. An Illustrated History of North Idaho: embracing Nez Perce, Idaho, Latah, Kootenai and Shoshone Counties, State of Idaho . Spokane, WA: Western Historical Publishing Company, 1903.

Wright, Patricia, “Hotel Moscow,” Latah County, Idaho. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 1978. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington DC.

Writing Credits

• Location: Moscow, Idaho Regional Overviews: Latah County Architect: Milburn Kenworthy Types: mixed-use developments motion picture theaters hotels (public accommodations) apartments retail stores storefronts Styles: Romanesque Revival Richardsonian Romanesque Italianate (North American architecture styles) Spanish Colonial Revival Art Deco Materials: brick (clay material) cast iron sandstone dimension stone cast stone

If SAH Archipedia has been useful to you, please consider supporting it.

SAH Archipedia tells the story of the United States through its buildings, landscapes, and cities. This freely available resource empowers the public with authoritative knowledge that deepens their understanding and appreciation of the built environment. But the Society of Architectural Historians, which created SAH Archipedia with University of Virginia Press, needs your support to maintain the high-caliber research, writing, photography, cartography, editing, design, and programming that make SAH Archipedia a trusted online resource available to all who value the history of place, heritage tourism, and learning.

• Skyscrapers
• Apartments for Sale
• Apartments for Rent
• Houses for Sale
• Houses for Rent
• Luxury Real Estate
• Mansions in Russia
• Palaces in Russia
• Watch Video
• Residence permit in Russia

Apartment for sale in Moscow

128 sqm apartment near the Kremlin with a view of Theatre Square

• 3 Bathrooms
• Contact for price

Apartment 76 sqm on the 34th floor in NEVA TOWER

Penthouse 284 sqm on Zvenigorodskoe highway

Apartment 108 sqm on Mytnaya street

• 2 Bathrooms

Apartment 193 sqm on the 52nd floor in Moscow City

4 room apartment 203 sqm in the house with a swimming pool

• 4 Bathrooms

3-room apartment 93 sqm near Belorusskaya metro station

2-room apartment 66 sqm on the 11th floor

3-room apartment 72 sqm in the elite Filevsky district

3-room apartment on the 7th floor next to skyscrapers

3-room apartment on the 8th floor near Dinamo metro station

3-room apartment 105 sqm near VDNKh metro station

Penthouse 140 sqm on the 46th floor

• $4,700/one square meter

New residential complex Sky Garden in Moscow

• $15,000/one square meter

New residential skyscraper Capital Tower in Moscow City for investors

Penthouse 200 sqm with a terrace and a fireplace near Red Square

5 room apartment 457 sqm in the center of Moscow

Apartment overlooking the Kremlin and Red Square

Apartment on the 35th floor in the Triumph Palace

3-room apartment 177 sqm in Hyatt Regency

3-room apartment 123 sqm in Tverskoy district

Cheap apartment 42 sqm on the 28th floor

Duplex penthouse 307 sqm near the Kremlin

5 room apartment 236 sqm in the center of Moscow

3-room apartment 158 sqm near the Kremlin

Apartment 170 sqm on the 36th floor

Apartment 72 sqm near metro Park Pobedy

3-room apartment in City Park residential complex

Apartment in the Mercury Tower / on the 43rd floor

Looking for apartments for buying in russia.

Choosing the neighborhood of your future residence is a task to be treated with diligence. Poor transport accessibility, a lacking infrastructure and unsatisfactory ecological parameters may noticeably dampen the joy a new property owner is sure to feel from their purchase. To help you avoid such a scenario, we have put together a short overview of the areas in Moscow where you may be considering the purchase of a home , complete with the pros and cons of each of the different locations:

Arbat District – the cultural and business center of Moscow. One of the most prestigious locations in the capital. It boasts a very good infrastructure and high transport accessibility. Unsurprisingly, the property costs here are the highest in Moscow. Despite its small size, the district contains around 10% of all of the capital’s new elite residential buildings, and apartments for sale make up 96% of the properties on the market in this neighborhood. The price of a square meter (3.28 sqft) for an apartment in a new building with penthouses is, on average, 12 000 USD, while the cost of the same in an old building is 9 000 USD. One can even find luxury condos with open terraces for sale in the area.

Kuntsevo District – a beautiful locality surrounded by vast areas of woodland and river beaches on the banks of Moskva River. A strong point of this neighborhood is its good environmental conditions. Brand new and modern residential compounds have been erected here. One square meter (3.28 sqft) of an apartment in a new housing complex in Kuntsevo District currently costs 3 000 USD.

Yakimanka District – one of the most interesting and prestigious areas of Moscow by popular opinion. It is packed full of well-known historic monuments, museums and large parks. The Yakimanka District changed drastically during the Soviet era: most of the centuries-old low-rise houses and mansions were completely demolished or restructured. By the beginning of the 1990’s, new residential and public complexes had already taken their place. Today, one can find condos for sale in Yakimanka’s new residential complexes for the average price of 11 000 USD per square meter (3.28 sqft). The price of a square meter in a Soviet era panel building is 4 000 USD.

Here in Russia’s capital we have our own skyscrapers – grouped together in the compound famously dubbed Moscow-City (the Moscow International Business Center). Many large corporations have their headquarters here. For 1 million US dollars you can purchase a 3-room apartment with a floor area of 607 sqft (185 m²) in one of the towers. This particular listing is located on the 25 th floor.

Where Can I Find Cheap Flats?

If you happen to be a student or if your budget is capped at 300 000 USD and you are looking for cheap condos for sale in Moscow, then the Mitino, Nekrasovka, Cheryomushki, Butovo and Novogireyevo Districts will best suit your needs. These neighborhoods each contain a great number of residential complexes inhabited by Moscow’s middle class. They also have everything one might need for a comfortable life: many schools, kindergartens, big supermarkets, public pools, hospitals, etc. One of Moscow’s Metro stations is also usually just a short walk away. The minimum price of a furnished studio flat in a location within the Moscow Ring Road (a.k.a. MKAD) is currently 100 000 USD.

Compare listings

Reset Password

Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.

Send a Request

Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Travel and Tourism Industry — The History of Moscow City

The History of Moscow City

• Categories: Russia Travel and Tourism Industry

About this sample

Words: 614 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 614 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr. Karlyna PhD

Verified writer

• Expert in: Geography & Travel

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

13 pages / 6011 words

2 pages / 1003 words

6 pages / 3010 words

4 pages / 2143 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Travel and Tourism Industry

Traveling has always been a significant part of my life. From a young age, I have been fortunate enough to explore different cultures, experience new traditions, and immerse myself in the beauty of our world. My passion for [...]

Travelling is a topic that has been debated for centuries, with some arguing that it is a waste of time and money, while others believe that it is an essential part of life. In this essay, I will argue that travelling is not [...]

Traveling is an enriching experience that allows individuals to explore new cultures, meet people from different backgrounds, and broaden their perspectives. In the summer of 2019, I had the opportunity to embark on an amazing [...]

Travelling has always been an exhilarating experience for me, and my recent trip to Rome was no exception. The ancient city, with its rich history and breathtaking architecture, left a lasting impression on me. It was a journey [...]

When planning a business trip all aspects and decisions rely heavily on the budget set by the company for the trip. Once Sandfords have confirmed the location careful consideration should be used to choose the travel method and [...]

Place is one of the most complicated issues in geographical studies. Place refers to both sides of human and physical geography. There is not clear understand about the place and sometimes refer to local, area, point, region, [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free