george orwell essays everyman's library

• George Orwell

EVERYMAN CLASSICS GEORGE ORWELL Biography

George Orwell, 1903--1950

The writer famous as ‘George Orwell’ was born Eric Blair in Bengal, the only son of a 'sub-deputy opium agent, 4th grade' close to retirement. Richard Blair was remembered by his son as a remote 'elderly man forever saying "don't"'. Orwell calibrated his family's social standing, with contemptuous exactitude, as ‘lower-upper middle class’. 

Eric was bright and went on scholarship to a good 'prep' school, St Cyprians. Late in life he wrote a scathing account of those schooldays, 'Such, such were the Joys'. He hated the place. None the less he won a full scholarship to Eton. In his five years at the public school, 1917-21, he resolutely 'slacked'. But he read voraciously and made friendships which proved useful in his later literary career. University was not an option. His academic record was now too undistinguished and his family too poor. In a momentary spasm of loyalty to the crown he was duly gazetted an officer in the Indian Imperial Police, Burma branch.  

He would spend five years in the tropics, waited on hand and foot by servants, his sexual needs supplied by concubines, buoyed up by the Empire's indelible sense of racial superiority over the Burmese 'niggers'.  He himself professed to hate the Empire which he saw as a 'racket'. But he had as little time for the Burmese---'evil spirited little beasts'---whom he was paid to beat, hang, or shoot if they got out of line. 

He resigned and returned to lodge with his retired parents in Southwold while he meditated his next step in life. It would appal them. He resolved to become a tramp. Why? It may have been self-punitive. It could have been political, inspired by the 1932 Jarrow 'National Hunger March'. It could have been an act of literary homage to Jack London's People of the Abyss and W. H. Davies' Autobiography of a Super-tramp .

Orwell spent two years slumming it. His tale of two cities was published in 1933 as Down and Out in Paris and London . He 'kipped' in workhouses and shared hostels with cockneys in the summer hopfields of Kent. In Paris he worked as a 'plongeur': a dish-washer.

Down and Out was taken by the newly established Victor Gollancz---a socialist publisher. It got good reviews but poor sales. For a while he worked in a Hampstead bookshop, doing the odd bit of journalism on the side and writing drafts of what would be his first novel. English publishers (a 'gutless' crew, Orwell always thought) were nervous about the libels in his self-hating Burmese Days . It was published, belatedly, in the US. Meanwhile his second novel, A Clergyman's Daughter , was published as his debut work in England, in 1933. A dried up spinster, approaching the horrors of middle age 'on the shelf', Dorothy Hare suffers a bout of amnesia, escapes from her Suffolk parsonage to find emotional fulfilment in the hopfields of Kent and the meaning of life in London's streets. Orwell's later verdict on the novel was pungent: 'bollocks'. 

He was prouder of his third novel, Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936). Gordon Comstock's miseries, catering for philistine know-nothings in a Hampstead bookshop draw on Orwell's own servitude. Gordon dumps the epic poem he is writing, grows up and sells out. He becomes an ad-man and embraces aspidistra, emblem of the ‘lower-upper middle class’. 

Gollancz advanced him £500 to write about unemployment in the coalmining north. The result was The Road to Wigan Pier (1937)---wholly displeasing to Gollancz for its critique of party hacks. Orwell was by now able to move into his own house, in Hertfordshire, and to marry. His wife, Eileen, was an Oxford graduate whom he had met in bookish Hampstead. Virtually nothing is known about the marriage. There would be no children. Orwell claimed to be sterile. 

Orwell, whose life never moved in straight lines, resolved---having just married---to fight for the Republic in Spain. He joined the anarchist-leaning POUM and saw service on the Aragon Front. It was a quiet sector, but a Nationalist sniper got him in the throat. On his return to Barcelona, he found himself at even greater risk of death from the Stalinists, who were 'purging' the city. Orwell's disillusion with 'movements' crystallised in Homage to Catalonia . Gollancz refused it, on the grounds of apostasy. It was taken by Frederic Warburg, and sold miserably. 

Orwell's next novel, Coming up for Air , is his best. For it he took on the voice and personality of George Bowling, a shrewd, tubby middle-aged insurance salesman, recently possessed of a set of gleaming false teeth. Having come into a seventeen-quid windfall George resolves to visit that foreign country, his childhood past in Little Binfield---a place where the sun always shone and the fish always bit. It proves a disaster. The novel signals a deepening pessimism in Orwell. It would reach its climax in O'Brien's forecasting the future to Winston---'a boot stamping on a human face---forever'. The pigs will always own the farm. 

When war broke out Orwell was still primarily a hack journalist. He was, for the moment, patriotic ('my country, right or left') but too old and too sick to carry a rifle any more. He eventually landed a job in a sub-section of the BBC's World Service. After a couple of years he moved on to a more comfortable berth as literary editor of the socialist paper, Tribune , for whom he produced his finest essays, under the proclamation 'As I Please'. He and his wife (who was dangerously ill) adopted a child in 1944.

As the war drew to a close he tried every major publisher with his Swiftian satire on totalitarianism, Animal Farm . It was turned down on the ground that it would offend the country’s Russian allies.  When the Iron Curtain descended in 1945, Orwell's fable would become a text book for the 'free world'. 

Eileen died as the war ended. Now, at last, in the £1,000 a year class, Orwell moved to his own animal farm, on the island of Jura, with his younger sister as housekeeper. 

The western island was one of the few places which might survive the atomic war he confidently expected. In this outpost, and terminally ill, he worked on his last book, Nineteen Eighty-Four .

The new antibiotics arrived months too late to save him. He ended his days in University College London hospital where he married Sonia Brownell (popularly believed to be depicted as Julia in his last novel). He died three months later. A professed atheist, but contrarian to the end, he decreed he be buried according to the rites of the Church of England. 

John Sutherland, 2012. 

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Orwell: Essays: Introduction by John Carey (Everyman's Library Contemporary Classics) Hardcover – 1 Oct. 2002

A generous and varied selection-the only hardcover edition available-of the literary and political writings of one of the greatest essayists of the twentieth century.

Although best known as the author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four , George Orwell left an even more lastingly significant achievement in his voluminous essays, which dealt with all the great social, political, and literary questions of the day and exemplified an incisive prose style that is still universally admired. Included among the more than 240 essays in this volume are Orwell's famous discussion of pacifism, "My Country Right or Left"; his scathingly complicated views on the dirty work of imperialism in "Shooting an Elephant"; and his very firm opinion on how to make "A Nice Cup of Tea."

In his essays, Orwell elevated political writing to the level of art, and his motivating ideas-his desire for social justice, his belief in universal freedom and equality, and his concern for truth in language-are as enduringly relevant now, a hundred years after his birth, as ever.

• ISBN-10 0375415033
• ISBN-13 978-0375415036
• Publisher Everyman's Library
• Publication date 1 Oct. 2002
• Language English
• Dimensions 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• Print length 1416 pages
• See all details

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"The real reason we read Orwell is because his own fault-line, his fundamental schism, his hybridity, left him exceptionally sensitive to the fissure-which is everywhere apparent-between what ought to be the case and what actually is the case. He says the unsayable." - Financial Times "Orwell was the conscience of his generation." -V. S. Pritchett

From the Back Cover

About the author, product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Everyman's Library (1 Oct. 2002)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 1416 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0375415033
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0375415036
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• 34 in Key Poetry & Drama Critics
• 9,659 in Essays, Journals & Letters
• 39,910 in Philosophy (Books)

About the author

George orwell.

George Orwell is one of England's most famous writers and social commentators. Among his works are the classic political satire Animal Farm and the dystopian nightmare vision Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell was also a prolific essayist, and it is for these works that he was perhaps best known during his lifetime. They include Why I Write and Politics and the English Language. His writing is at once insightful, poignant and entertaining, and continues to be read widely all over the world.

Eric Arthur Blair (George Orwell) was born in 1903 in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. The family moved to England in 1907 and in 1917 Orwell entered Eton, where he contributed regularly to the various college magazines. From 1922 to 1927 he served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, an experience that inspired his first novel, Burmese Days (1934). Several years of poverty followed. He lived in Paris for two years before returning to England, where he worked successively as a private tutor, schoolteacher and bookshop assistant, and contributed reviews and articles to a number of periodicals. Down and Out in Paris and London was published in 1933. In 1936 he was commissioned by Victor Gollancz to visit areas of mass unemployment in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) is a powerful description of the poverty he saw there.

At the end of 1936 Orwell went to Spain to fight for the Republicans and was wounded. Homage to Catalonia is his account of the civil war. He was admitted to a sanatorium in 1938 and from then on was never fully fit. He spent six months in Morocco and there wrote Coming Up for Air. During the Second World War he served in the Home Guard and worked for the BBC Eastern Service from 1941 to 1943. As literary editor of the Tribune he contributed a regular page of political and literary commentary, and he also wrote for the Observer and later for the Manchester Evening News. His unique political allegory, Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which brought him world-wide fame.

It was around this time that Orwell's unique political allegory Animal Farm (1945) was published. The novel is recognised as a classic of modern political satire and is simultaneously an engaging story and convincing allegory. It was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which finally brought him world-wide fame. Nineteen Eighty-Four's ominous depiction of a repressive, totalitarian regime shocked contemporary readers, but ensures that the book remains perhaps the preeminent dystopian novel of modern literature.

Orwell's fiercely moral writing has consistently struck a chord with each passing generation. The intense honesty and insight of his essays and non-fiction made Orwell one of the foremost social commentators of his age. Added to this, his ability to construct elaborately imaginative fictional worlds, which he imbued with this acute sense of morality, has undoubtedly assured his contemporary and future relevance.

George Orwell died in London in January 1950.

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George Orwell. Essays (2002). Everyman’s Library. An near-complete (1300-page) selection of Orwell’s  essays and reviews, with an introduction on his life and work.

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Orwell: Essays: Introduction by John Carey Hardcover – 15 October 2002

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A generous and varied selection-the only hardcover edition available-of the literary and political writings of one of the greatest essayists of the twentieth century.

Although best known as the author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four , George Orwell left an even more lastingly significant achievement in his voluminous essays, which dealt with all the great social, political, and literary questions of the day and exemplified an incisive prose style that is still universally admired. Included among the more than 240 essays in this volume are Orwell's famous discussion of pacifism, "My Country Right or Left"; his scathingly complicated views on the dirty work of imperialism in "Shooting an Elephant"; and his very firm opinion on how to make "A Nice Cup of Tea."

In his essays, Orwell elevated political writing to the level of art, and his motivating ideas-his desire for social justice, his belief in universal freedom and equality, and his concern for truth in language-are as enduringly relevant now, a hundred years after his birth, as ever.

• ISBN-10 0375415033
• ISBN-13 978-0375415036
• Publisher Everyman's Library
• Publication date 15 October 2002
• Language English
• Dimensions 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• Print length 1416 pages
• See all details

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Product description

"The real reason we read Orwell is because his own fault-line, his fundamental schism, his hybridity, left him exceptionally sensitive to the fissure-which is everywhere apparent-between what ought to be the case and what actually is the case. He says the unsayable." - Financial Times "Orwell was the conscience of his generation." -V. S. Pritchett

From the Back Cover

About the author, product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Everyman's Library (15 October 2002)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 1416 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0375415033
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0375415036
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• 416 in English Literature Textbooks
• 1,014 in Philosophy Textbooks
• 1,607 in Literary Criticism & Theory (Books)

About the author

George orwell.

George Orwell is one of England's most famous writers and social commentators. Among his works are the classic political satire Animal Farm and the dystopian nightmare vision Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell was also a prolific essayist, and it is for these works that he was perhaps best known during his lifetime. They include Why I Write and Politics and the English Language. His writing is at once insightful, poignant and entertaining, and continues to be read widely all over the world.

Eric Arthur Blair (George Orwell) was born in 1903 in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. The family moved to England in 1907 and in 1917 Orwell entered Eton, where he contributed regularly to the various college magazines. From 1922 to 1927 he served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, an experience that inspired his first novel, Burmese Days (1934). Several years of poverty followed. He lived in Paris for two years before returning to England, where he worked successively as a private tutor, schoolteacher and bookshop assistant, and contributed reviews and articles to a number of periodicals. Down and Out in Paris and London was published in 1933. In 1936 he was commissioned by Victor Gollancz to visit areas of mass unemployment in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) is a powerful description of the poverty he saw there.

At the end of 1936 Orwell went to Spain to fight for the Republicans and was wounded. Homage to Catalonia is his account of the civil war. He was admitted to a sanatorium in 1938 and from then on was never fully fit. He spent six months in Morocco and there wrote Coming Up for Air. During the Second World War he served in the Home Guard and worked for the BBC Eastern Service from 1941 to 1943. As literary editor of the Tribune he contributed a regular page of political and literary commentary, and he also wrote for the Observer and later for the Manchester Evening News. His unique political allegory, Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which brought him world-wide fame.

It was around this time that Orwell's unique political allegory Animal Farm (1945) was published. The novel is recognised as a classic of modern political satire and is simultaneously an engaging story and convincing allegory. It was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which finally brought him world-wide fame. Nineteen Eighty-Four's ominous depiction of a repressive, totalitarian regime shocked contemporary readers, but ensures that the book remains perhaps the preeminent dystopian novel of modern literature.

Orwell's fiercely moral writing has consistently struck a chord with each passing generation. The intense honesty and insight of his essays and non-fiction made Orwell one of the foremost social commentators of his age. Added to this, his ability to construct elaborately imaginative fictional worlds, which he imbued with this acute sense of morality, has undoubtedly assured his contemporary and future relevance.

George Orwell died in London in January 1950.

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Essays (Everyman's Library Contemporary Classics Series) Hardcover – 15 October 2002

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A generous and varied selection–the only hardcover edition available–of the literary and political writings of one of the greatest essayists of the twentieth century.

Although best known as the author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four , George Orwell left an even more lastingly significant achievement in his voluminous essays, which dealt with all the great social, political, and literary questions of the day and exemplified an incisive prose style that is still universally admired. Included among the more than 240 essays in this volume are Orwell’s famous discussion of pacifism, “My Country Right or Left”; his scathingly complicated views on the dirty work of imperialism in “Shooting an Elephant”; and his very firm opinion on how to make “A Nice Cup of Tea.”

In his essays, Orwell elevated political writing to the level of art, and his motivating ideas–his desire for social justice, his belief in universal freedom and equality, and his concern for truth in language–are as enduringly relevant now, a hundred years after his birth, as ever. (Book Jacket Status: Jacketed)

• ISBN-10 0375415033
• ISBN-13 978-0375415036
• Edition Second Printing
• Publisher Everyman's Library
• Publication date 15 October 2002
• Language English
• Dimensions 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• Print length 1416 pages
• See all details

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From the inside flap, from the back cover, about the author, product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Everyman's Library; Second Printing edition (15 October 2002)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 1416 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0375415033
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0375415036
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1 kg 210 g
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.84 x 6.38 x 21.13 cm
• #4,275 in Essays (Books)
• #9,558 in Literary Theory, History & Criticism
• #37,241 in Biographies, Diaries & True Accounts

About the author

George orwell.

George Orwell is one of England's most famous writers and social commentators. Among his works are the classic political satire Animal Farm and the dystopian nightmare vision Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell was also a prolific essayist, and it is for these works that he was perhaps best known during his lifetime. They include Why I Write and Politics and the English Language. His writing is at once insightful, poignant and entertaining, and continues to be read widely all over the world.

Eric Arthur Blair (George Orwell) was born in 1903 in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. The family moved to England in 1907 and in 1917 Orwell entered Eton, where he contributed regularly to the various college magazines. From 1922 to 1927 he served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, an experience that inspired his first novel, Burmese Days (1934). Several years of poverty followed. He lived in Paris for two years before returning to England, where he worked successively as a private tutor, schoolteacher and bookshop assistant, and contributed reviews and articles to a number of periodicals. Down and Out in Paris and London was published in 1933. In 1936 he was commissioned by Victor Gollancz to visit areas of mass unemployment in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) is a powerful description of the poverty he saw there.

At the end of 1936 Orwell went to Spain to fight for the Republicans and was wounded. Homage to Catalonia is his account of the civil war. He was admitted to a sanatorium in 1938 and from then on was never fully fit. He spent six months in Morocco and there wrote Coming Up for Air. During the Second World War he served in the Home Guard and worked for the BBC Eastern Service from 1941 to 1943. As literary editor of the Tribune he contributed a regular page of political and literary commentary, and he also wrote for the Observer and later for the Manchester Evening News. His unique political allegory, Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which brought him world-wide fame.

It was around this time that Orwell's unique political allegory Animal Farm (1945) was published. The novel is recognised as a classic of modern political satire and is simultaneously an engaging story and convincing allegory. It was this novel, together with Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which finally brought him world-wide fame. Nineteen Eighty-Four's ominous depiction of a repressive, totalitarian regime shocked contemporary readers, but ensures that the book remains perhaps the preeminent dystopian novel of modern literature.

Orwell's fiercely moral writing has consistently struck a chord with each passing generation. The intense honesty and insight of his essays and non-fiction made Orwell one of the foremost social commentators of his age. Added to this, his ability to construct elaborately imaginative fictional worlds, which he imbued with this acute sense of morality, has undoubtedly assured his contemporary and future relevance.

George Orwell died in London in January 1950.

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A generous and varied selection–the only hardcover edition available–of the literary and political writings of one of the greatest essayists of the twentieth century.

Although best known as the author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four , George Orwell left an even more lastingly significant achievement in his voluminous essays, which dealt with all the great social, political, and literary questions of the day and exemplified an incisive prose style that is still universally admired. Included among the more than 240 essays in this volume are Orwell’s famous discussion of pacifism, “My Country Right or Left”; his scathingly complicated views on the dirty work of imperialism in “Shooting an Elephant”; and his very firm opinion on how to make “A Nice Cup of Tea.”

In his essays, Orwell elevated political writing to the level of art, and his motivating ideas–his desire for social justice, his belief in universal freedom and equality, and his concern for truth in language–are as enduringly relevant now, a hundred years after his birth, as ever.

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• Publisher Everyman's Library
• Publication date 2002
• ISBN 10  0375415033
• ISBN 13  9780375415036
• Binding Hardcover
• Edition number 2
• Number of pages 1416

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• Pekhorka Park
• Malenky Puppet Theater
• Drama Theatre BOOM
• Likino Dulevo Museum of Local Lore
• Pavlovsky Posad Museum of Art and History
• Saturn Stadium
• Noginsk Museum and Exhibition Center
• Fairy Tale Children's Model Puppet Theater
• Fifth House Gallery
• Church of Vladimir
• Malakhovka Museum of History and Culture
• Orekhovo Zuevsky City Exhibition Hall