types of doctorate degrees in education

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Doctoral programs.

The goal of the GSE PhD in Education is to prepare the next generation of leading education researchers. The cornerstone of the doctoral experience at the Stanford Graduate School of Education is the research apprenticeship that all students undertake, typically under the guidance of their academic advisor, but often with other Stanford faculty as well.

In this apprenticeship model, doctoral students are provided with a multi-year funding package that consists of opportunities each quarter to serve as teaching and research assistants for faculty members' courses and research projects. By this means, and in combination with the courses they take as part of their program, students are prepared over an approximately five-year period to excel as university teachers and education researchers.

The doctoral degree in Education at the GSE includes doctoral program requirements as well as a specialization, as listed below, overseen by a faculty committee from one of the GSE's three academic areas.

Doctoral programs by academic area

Curriculum studies and teacher education (cte).

• ‌ Elementary Education
• ‌ History/Social Science Education
• ‌ Learning Sciences and Technology Design
• ‌ Literacy, Language, and English Education
• ‌ Mathematics Education
• ‌ Science, Engineering and Technology Education
• ‌ Race, Inequality, and Language in Education
• ‌ Teacher Education

Developmental and Psychological Sciences (DAPS)

• ‌ Developmental and Psychological Sciences

Social Sciences, Humanities, and Interdisciplinary Policy Studies in Education (SHIPS)

• ‌ Anthropology of Education
• ‌ Economics of Education
• ‌ Education Data Science
• ‌ ‌Educational Linguistics
• ‌ Educational Policy
• ‌ Higher Education
• ‌ History of Education
• ‌ International Comparative Education
• ‌ Organizational Studies
• ‌ Philosophy of Education
• ‌ Sociology of Education

Cross-area specializations

Learning sciences and technology design (lstd).

LSTD allows doctoral students to study learning sciences and technology design within the context of their primary program of study (DAPS, CTE, or SHIPS).

Race, Inequality, and Language in Education (RILE)

RILE trains students to become national leaders in conducting research on how race, inequality, and language intersect to make both ineffective and effective educational opportunities. RILE allows students to specialize within their program of study (DAPS, CTE, or SHIPS).

Other academic opportunities

• ‌ Concentration in Education and Jewish Studies
• ‌ PhD Minor in Education
• ‌ Stanford Doctoral Training Program in Leadership for System-wide Inclusive Education (LSIE)
• ‌ Certificate Program in Partnership Research in Education
• ‌ Public Scholarship Collaborative

“I came to Stanford to work with faculty who value learning in informal settings and who are working to understand and design for it.”

Doctoral graduates were employed within four months of graduation

of those employed worked in organizations or roles related to education

For more information about GSE admissions and to see upcoming events and appointments:

To learn more about the Academic Services team:

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6 types of Ed.D. programs—and how to choose the right one for you

A doctorate in education, or Ed.D., is a degree that focuses on preparing students for academic and administrative roles in K-12, higher education, as well as business. Graduates of Ed.D. programs can help improve practices and systems in a variety of fields—which helps explain why enrollment in these programs is surging .   

As interest in this doctorate degree has grown, so too has the number of programs and available concentrations, with options that are geared toward students from different career paths. One commonality among the various Ed.D. concentrations is these programs prepare students for leadership positions where they will have the opportunity to improve educational systems.

Earn an Ed.D. Online—Lead Change in Your Industry

“Students can be from higher ed, but they can also be in other fields where they can benefit from not only the doctorate but understanding how learning can improve,” says Tracy Poon Tambascia, a professor of clinical education in the Rossier School of Education at the University of Southern California. Students come from a variety of backgrounds beyond education, including human resources, museum curation, and the military. “They take what they’re learning from an Ed.D. , which is focused on learning but not necessarily in a school or university, and learn how to effect change within those organizations.” 

With more than a handful of options, it’s important to consider your career goals when evaluating various Ed.D. programs. Here’s what you need to know about six of the most common concentrations. 

1. Organizational change and leadership

An Ed.D. in organizational change and leadership has broad applicability, often beyond the field of education. That’s one reason this concentration was the focus of Fortune’s first-ever ranking of online Ed.D. programs . 

“Our students in organizational change and leadership come from more diverse professional backgrounds,” says Tambascia, adding that this concentration has deep professional diversity, drawing students from school settings, as well as former or current military, law enforcement, and non-for-profits. “I worked with a student who’s an aerospace engineer,” she adds.

Best for: Students with a business or professional background. “You might benefit from learning from others who also work in more business or non-school settings,” Tambascia notes.

2. Entrepreneurial leadership

Entrepreneurial leadership programs focus on finding innovative solutions that can be applied to non-for-profits, schools, as well as startups. Courses in this concentration examine challenges in educational environments across industries and settings. 

Instead of trying to find a general “right” answer that applies to every context and population, students learn analyze specific challenges critically, synthesize data, and look beyond what has typically been considered the right answer so that students can explore new solutions, says Laura Flores Shaw, interim director of the online doctor of education program at the Johns Hopkins University School of Education.

These students also learn to create a plan of action and use financial models to run a profitable business.There is a limited number of entrepreneurial leadership programs. Courses include data driven decision making and organizational finance.

Best for: Students who are executive-level professionals from a range of industries interested in education and learning, as well as startups and business. 

3. Curriculum and instruction

Students focusing on curriculum and instruction in Ed.D. programs learn how to design a curriculum to address specific challenges or improve programs of study. Students may address educational challenges, such as teaching underserved educational populations. More broadly, doctorate students also learn how to improve areas of study, such as math and science or language.

Best for: Graduates of Ed.D. programs in curriculum and instruction typically work in K-12 settings, higher education, educational policy roles, or research institutions.

4. Educational leadership

Students who enroll in educational leadership typically arrive with prior work experience in early care and education, public schools, higher education, or community education. This type of Ed.D. program is created for university and high school teachers and leaders who want to prepare themselves to lead at the school district or university system level, Tambascia notes.

Aside from the core curriculum, students choose classes that will help them prepare for educational group or administrative roles.

Best for: Students who want to be in an environment with other educators. In these programs, students usually also earn a superintendent certification or principal certification along with an Ed.D. degree. Graduates may go on to become a K-12 school administrator, the head of a community college, or a leader in a government agency. 

5. Educational technology

In educational technology programs, students focus on learning how to create and implement technology-driven solutions for a variety of settings, which include grades from K-12, as well as higher education, corporations, and not-for-profit organizations. In addition to solving challenges by using technology, students in educational technology learn how to improve online and e-learning methodologies, which have become increasingly common as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Best for: Students who want to lead, manage, and attain decision-making roles in K-12 school settings, higher education, as well as corporations and non-for-profit organizations and leverage technology to improve education. 

6. Global executive program

The global executive program is an accelerated year-round Ed.D. offering for those people with a high level of leadership experience. “They are oftentimes very senior people in the government working in education,” says Tambascia. These positions include the ministry of education and university leaders in the U.S. and overseas, she adds. 

This program has a global component and the student body is made of people from across the globe or students who have had international experience. “We’re specifically looking to create a cohort of students with diverse backgrounds, and by that we mean they may be U.S.-based, but they may have lived in Vietnam for 30 years,” says Tambascia. 

While global Ed.D. programs can be offered online, they may have an international component in which students have the option to travel as a group for one week each semester and learn about a country’s specific approach to education. 

Best for:  This concentration is best for “people with quite a bit of senior leadership and professional experience who want to understand policy and problem solving around education in a global context,” notes Tambascia.

How to choose the right Ed.D. program for you

The variety of Ed.D. programs allows you to tackle education from different perspectives and surround yourself with a cohort of students with whom you will create a learning environment geared for the type of professional outcome you are seeking. If you are unclear about what path to take, talk to a mentor or admissions counselor to discuss which Ed.D. program is best for you and take note of which one seems more interesting and exciting for you.

Check out all of  Fortune’ s  rankings of degree programs , and learn more about specific  career paths .

A USC Rossier EdD Program – Delivered online

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Hawai‘i Pacific University M.Ed. in Educational Leadership

EdDPrograms.org

25 Best Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) Programs

Learn more about admission requirements and doctorate in education specializations & coursework. And ask yourself the hard questions about earning an Ed.D. before you apply for program in your area.

Updated with 2024 Rankings on March 1, 2024

What is a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)?

A Doctor of Education is a practice-based, research-driven qualification that will prepare you for leadership roles within your school or organization. During this terminal degree, you’ll often be exploring topics such as educational leadership, effective learning strategies, curriculum design, educational policy, organizational management, and more. Before you even graduate, you’ll be able to apply this newfound knowledge to real-life challenges in your workplace.

Because of its popularity, Schools of Education now offer scores of career-focused Ed.D. specializations. For example:

• A teacher might opt to major in Curriculum and Instruction.
• An education administrator or aspiring superintendent might choose Educational Leadership.
• A college or university professional might land on a specialization in Higher Education.
• A nursing director, military officer, or business executive might be interested in Organizational Leadership.

Explore the detailed descriptions in our on-campus & hybrid rankings to learn more about how each program is structured.

Best Ed.D. Rankings: On-Campus & Hybrid

You may have seen a number of “Best Ed.D.” lists elsewhere in the metaverse. So what are the unique ingredients that go into the rankings of our Top 25 Doctor of Education programs?

• First, we analyzed Times Higher Education (THE) & U.S. News and World Report rankings for graduate education programs, including rankings in specific fields (e.g. higher education administration).
• Using Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data, we factored student completion rates into our algorithm.
• We also made sure to include data on acceptance rates and earnings for education doctorate graduates from each school.
• Finally, we considered positive signals across these categories. Schools that only did well in one area didn’t necessarily make our rankings. Instead, schools that did well across the board earned the highest scores.

As you’ll discover, we’re highlighting doctorates that are on-campus or hybrid. These innovative programs often combine weekly evening or weekend coursework with summer residencies. Anyone looking to compare virtual options can browse through our separate rankings of the Best Online Ed.D. Programs in the USA.

How Our Placements Changed in 2024

Our Best Ed.D. rankings had a facelift in 2024! Although the big-name players still dominate our top 10, they’ve been joined by even more schools with a history of positive student outcomes, CAEP accreditation, and membership in the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) . Here are a few highlights from our profiles:

• Even though it offers only one Doctor of Education, Harvard has muscled aside the other Ivies and climbed to #1 this year.
• Experienced CPED members like Texas A&M University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Denver have joined our rankings!
• Hybrid learning is gradually replacing 100% campus instruction—just be aware that you’ll still need to commute to class.
• Schools of Education are freshening up their offerings. UCLA now puts more of an emphasis on social justice; Michigan State has an unusual new program for higher education professionals.
• Many schools have been dropping niche programs and focusing more on leadership majors.

We’ve also modified our profiles to give you a better sense of the school’s strengths in research, outreach, and subject matter. Urban leadership, national educational policy, AI & technology integration, race research, higher education initiatives—whatever you’re interested in, there is a superb Ed.D. program to match.

Top Schools with Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) Programs

25 university of southern california.

• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership (Multiple Concentrations)

Why Choose USC’s Ed.D. Program?

It’s a name—a big name. The USC Rossier School of Education is a juggernaut in the Los Angeles area. In addition to founding Ednovate in 2012, it has developed long-running partnerships & programs with the Los Angeles Unified School District. It’s strong on equity-focused higher education , urban issues, and education psychology research. It receives outstanding reviews from graduate students. And it’s now collaborating with the USC Institute for Creative Technologies and Army University on the AI Research Center of Excellence for Education . The only big downside is the price.

Ed.D. Offerings at USC

Los Angeles educators in USC’s cohort-based Ed.D. in Educational Leadership (EDL) can choose to focus on one of 4 concentrations: Educational Psychology, Higher Education Administration, K-12 Leadership in Urban Education or Leading Instructional Change. Classes are weekly & evening-based and all applicants are automatically considered for limited, merit-based scholarships of $10,000.

Check the concentration descriptions to learn more about the Dissertation in Practice (DiP)—they vary in format. For example, Higher Education Ed.D. and K-12 Leadership students finish with a traditional 5-chapter dissertation. But Educational Psychology students can focus on a design curriculum that addresses an existing problem of practice.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? USC also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

Learn More About the Ed.D. Program:

• USC Rossier School of Education
• Ed.D. Admissions
• Ed.D. Tuition

24 University of Denver

• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
• Ed.D. in Higher Education

Why Choose DU’s Ed.D. Program?

DU’s Morgridge College of Education is a quiet overachiever. It’s an Experienced CPED member with an impressive track record in community engagement and an intriguing assortment of faculty research projects . The gung-ho Center for Rural School Health & Education (CRSHE) is currently collaborating with 50+ school districts in Colorado. Morgridge professors are working with Denver Public Schools on initiatives like the Black Student Success (BSS) team and School Psychology Inclusive Rural and Innovative Training (SPIRIT). And in 2023, the Marsico Institute for Early Learning became an official DU Research Institute.

Ed.D. Offerings at DU

The 3-year, cohort-based Ed.D. in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies is geared toward educators with principal, teacher-leadership, or other formal leadership preparation. It’s a CPED-inspired doctorate, so you can expect a Dissertation in Practice (DiP) with field research in Morgridge’s partner schools and districts. There’s also an optional six-credit hour administrator internship for those who are pursuing an Administrative License through the Colorado Department of Education (CDE).

Your other option at DU is the Ed.D. in Higher Education . This is not a “sit back” doctorate in education—you’ll be expected to consult for Denver-area colleges and universities, tackling a real-life problem of practice in executive leadership and creating an actionable report. Ed.D. students are also encouraged to take part in internships, present at conferences, and collaborate with professors on projects. View the higher education faculty profiles to explore their research interests.

• Morgridge College of Education

23 University of Central Florida

• Ed.D. in Curriculum & Instruction
• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership

Why Choose UCF’s Ed.D. Program?

Commitment. That’s the word for UCF’s College of Community Innovation & Education (CCIE) . Not only does the CCIE support a Holmes Scholars program for underrepresented Ed.D. & Ph.D. students, it won the 2024 Outstanding Holmes Program award from the AACTE. We applaud it for supporting research centers on literacy, students with disabilities, and virtual technologies. But we particularly love the fact that the UCF Center for Community Schools champions a holistic model of improvement that involves collaboration between a school district, a community-based nonprofit, a healthcare provider, and UCF. In October 2023, the Center got a $3.9 million funding boost from Florida’s legislature.

Ed.D. Offerings at UCF

UCF’s high-flying Ed.D. in Educational Leadership is available in two concentrations: the 63-credit Higher Education track and the 3-year, 54-credit Executive track for PK-12 professionals. Higher Education students will emerge with a traditional dissertation. Executive Ed.D. students tackle a Dissertation in Practice/field project report that focuses on a complex problem in an education organization.

Alternatively, you could consider the Ed.D. in Curriculum & Instruction (or it’s online counterpart ). You’ll be able to select a 12-credit specialization in a wide range of disciplines—including Instructional Design and Technology, Educational Psychology, TESOL, Reading Education, and more. And you’ll be challenged to complete a 3-credit Laboratory of Practice/field-based experience and a Dissertation in Practice (DiP).

• College of Community Innovation & Education (CCIE)

22 Georgia State University

Why choose georgia state’s ed.d. program.

If you live anywhere near Atlanta, you’ll already know about the College of Education & Human Development . The College has been producing star-quality teachers for decades—more than 90% end up in the Metro Atlanta area and more than 85% are employed in urban high need schools. But it’s also big enough and prestigious enough to have received $29.8 million in funding in 2023 for its research & outreach initiatives . It fosters centers in urban educational excellence and principalship . It funds Ph.D. students through the Dean’s Research Doctoral Fellowship . And it supports a massive alumni network .

Ed.D. Offerings at Georgia State

Senior-level administrators in the PreK-20 arena will find Georgia State’s Ed.D. in Educational Leadership can be adapted to most any situation. Concentrations include Advanced Leadership, Higher Education, and Tier II for Georgia educators. The program hits all the major bases, including central office leadership, and it includes a unique dissertation. After choosing a current issue in educational leadership policy and/or practice, Ed.D. students will be expected to create a literature review and research paper for publication in professional journals.

Aspiring instructional leaders and curriculum specialists in Georgia also have the option to pursue the cohort-based Ed.D. in Curriculum & Instruction in almost any K-12 subject imaginable! We’re particularly pleased that this doctorate includes a school-based residency requirement, professional engagement activities (e.g. conference presentations), study abroad opportunities, and the chance to add the curriculum and instruction certificate Service Level 7 to your résumé.

• College of Education & Human Development

21 University of Illinois Chicago

• Ed.D. in Urban Education Leadership

Why Choose UIC’s Ed.D. Program?

UIC is one of our top picks for urban educators! The College of Education has an abiding commitment to African American & Latine education and community engagement . It has a highly active & award-winning Center for Urban Education Leadership (CUEL) that’s helping to transform Chicago Public Schools (CPS). It offers scores of rigorous Ph.D. programs. And it’s putting educational leaders to work. 1 out of every 11 CPS principals prepared for their job at UIC. Take a look at the section on recent research grants to learn more about Ed.D. faculty interests. A number of their projects involve wide-scale leadership & policy issues.

Ed.D. Offerings at UIC

The flagship program at UIC is the cohort-based Ed.D. in Urban Education Leadership , designed for aspiring and current school principals. After the first 1.5 years of coursework and supervised practicum experiences, you’ll be eligible to apply for the Illinois Principal Endorsement. After another 2.5-3 years and a culminating capstone, you’ll have a doctorate that has been recognized as an Exemplary Educational Leadership Preparation Program by the UCEA. You may even wish to add on a few courses to earn the Illinois Superintendent Endorsement. This is a competitive program, so get your ducks in a row before applying.

• College of Education

20 University of Pittsburgh

• View All Hybrid Ed.D. Degrees

Why Choose Pitt’s Ed.D. Program?

Connections! Pitt’s School of Education has a global alumni network of 32,000+ educators and a vibrant calendar of networking events for graduate students. Pitt is also an excellent pick if you’re involved in inner city leadership and Black education in Pennsylvania. The Center for Urban Education (CUE) has been active since 2003 and it hosts an educator forum every summer. Take a moment to investigate the Practices of Freedom Project and the PittEd Justice Collective . The Collective has spearheaded efforts such as the Higher Education and Racism Initiative (HEAR), which enables graduate students to publish research on institutional anti-racism in colleges and universities.

Ed.D. Offerings at Pitt

Another bonus? Pitt’s 3-year Hybrid Ed.D. Program is available in a dizzying array of topics, including majors in Education Leadership, Higher Education, and Urban Education. All Ed.D. students participate in a full-day campus orientation, a one-week campus experience, online coursework, and monthly visits to the campus (usually on Saturdays).

Although each major is different, the plan of study is guided by improvement science and applied research—Pitt has been a CPED member since 2010. You’ll also take part in a Laboratory of Practice and complete a Dissertation in Practice (DiP). The Lab is available as a job-embedded, aspirant, or global studies experience.

• School of Education

19 Texas A&M University – College Station

• Ed.D. in Educational Administration: PK-12 Educational Leadership

Why Choose TAMU’s Ed.D. Program?

You’ll be among heady company when you choose TAMU’s School of Education & Human Development (SEHD) for your doctorate! 25% of its students are first generation and almost a quarter are Latino. It’s a particularly strong pick for educators in multilingual settings. The School supports research centers in urban schools, technology-infused learning, and dual language & literacy acquisition. It’s invested in programs like the Project Enhancing Quality Teacher Preparation Through Research-based Instructional Best Practices for Bilingual and English Learners (EBEST) . And it has thousands of alumni working in Texas schools.

Ed.D. Offerings at TAMU

Aspiring school leaders who live in Texas should apply for the Ed.D. in Educational Administration: PK-12 Educational Leadership . This cohort-based, weekend program fulfills the requirements for Superintendent Certification in the state of Texas and meets State Board of Educator Certification (SBEC) standards for the superintendent certificate. For your final project, you can tackle a district analysis/redesign, a set of journal-ready articles, or a traditional dissertation.

• School of Education & Human Development

18 Pennsylvania State University – Main Campus

• Ed.D. in Comparative and International Education (CIED)
• Ed.D. in Higher Education (HIED)
• Ed.D. in Lifelong Learning and Adult Education

Why Choose Penn State’s Ed.D. Program?

A global outlook on education. Unique dual degrees. A firm commitment to social equity . These are just three of the reasons Penn State’s College of Education should be on your shortlist. We’re deeply impressed by the sheer variety of faculty projects and the work being done in the College’s many research centers & institutes . From civil rights and educational disparities to rural education and adult literacy, Penn State scholars are involved in nearly every aspect of learning. The College supports a Humphrey Fellowship for international mid-career professionals. It offers plenty of graduate scholarships . And it runs an alumni mentoring program . What’s not to like?

Ed.D. Offerings at Penn State

PreK-12 educators & administrators in Pennsylvania can investigate the Ed.D. in Educational Leadership . It’s a sturdy offering that covers everything from law and policy to organizational theory & practice. You may even wish to take advantage of the Joint Law Degree and Educational Leadership Program . Planning on working overseas? Be sure to consider the Ed.D. in Comparative and International Education . This unusual dual degree explores the analysis & operation of world education systems.

It doesn’t stop at high school! The College of Education also offers an Ed.D. in Higher Education that puts a premium on flexibility—an advisor will work with you to design an individualized program of study. In the Ed.D. in Lifelong Learning and Adult Education , you’ll dig into topics such as family literacy, adult learning theory, and program planning.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? Penn State also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

17 University of Georgia

• View All On-Campus & Hybrid Ed.D. Degrees

Why Choose UGA’s Ed.D. Program?

Engagement is at the heart of UGA’s Mary Frances Early College of Education . The College has invested a great deal into its outreach units and it’s doing some fascinating work in autism research and Latino achievement & success . Check out the currently funded research projects , including deep-dives into STEM topics. Student reviews of the College are glowing. Faculty are often praised for their helpfulness and passion. And diversity is prioritized. In addition to hosting an annual DEI Conference , the College runs a Graduate Students of Color Research Mentoring Program and Holmes Scholar Program for historically underrepresented doctoral students.

Ed.D. Offerings at UGA

School and district administrators in the Georgia area are welcome to explore the 3-year, cohort-based Ed.D. in Educational Leadership . This innovative program includes blended coursework, an Advanced Leadership Residency with 750 hours of fieldwork, and an action research dissertation. Teachers even have the option to advance their practice with a doctorate in science education or music education .

Working in the realms of higher education? Consider the 2-year Executive Ed.D. in Higher Education Management , with weekend campus intensives, leadership seminars, and an experiential trip abroad. Cohorts begin each January. The College also offers doctoral programs in adult learning and workforce issues & policy , as well as a hands-on Ed.D. in Student Affairs Leadership that features supervised internships and occasional campus meetings.

16 Ohio State University – Main Campus

• Ed.D. in Educational Studies: Educational Administration
• Ed.D. in Educational Studies: Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA)
• Ed.D. in Kinesiology: Physical Education

Why Choose Ohio State’s Ed.D. Program?

It may not be big, but Ohio State’s College of Education and Human Ecology (EHE) punches above its weight. The College has an abiding commitment to early childhood education ; it even has its own School for Early Learning. Run your eyes down the list of faculty research interests and you’ll also notice strengths in urban education, adolescent & at-risk youth, and social justice. There are multiple opportunities for Ed.D. students to get involved in EHE graduate groups & forums . You may even wish to contribute to the EHE’s Inspire Podcast series.

Ed.D. Offerings at Ohio State

Ohio educators will find two sturdy options in the Department of Educational Studies . The cohort-based Ed.D. in Educational Studies: Educational Administration is built on the department’s P.L.A.C.E. Framework. This 3-year program makes a point of applying “practice, planning, and problem-solving” to real-life issues encountered in professional settings. In contrast, the Ed.D. in Educational Studies: Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA) trains mid-career college & university administrators in the skills needed to reform organizations, improve learning, and evaluate teachers.

Unusually, Ohio State also offers an education doctorate in physical education. Current K-12 PE teachers can up their game with the Ed.D. in Kinesiology: Physical Education , offered by the Department of Human Sciences. For the final project, this Ed.D. degree contains a thesis or a non-thesis option.

• College of Education and Human Ecology

15 University of Virginia

• Ed.D. in Administration and Supervision (Hybrid)

Why Choose UVA’s Ed.D. Program?

It’s no wonder that U.S. News and World Report ranks UVA’s School of Education and Human Development as one of the best in the country. It’s keen on community outreach and rich in interdisciplinary research centers & labs . We especially want to highlight its work on the Partnership for Leaders in Education (PLE) initiative. By combining savvy business advice and thoughtful education research, PLE is turning around struggling schools. Over a multi-year timeline, K-12 administrators and teacher leaders learn how to implement system-wide and school changes that are in tune with their community’s needs.

Ed.D. Offerings at UVA

If you’re lucky enough to live in Virginia, UVA has two content-rich & practice-focused Ed.D. programs. In lieu of a dissertation, all Ed.D. students at UVA complete a capstone project. With small cohorts and monthly Saturday meetings, the Hybrid Ed.D. in Administration and Supervision is an ideal choice for the working professional looking to finish a doctorate within 4 years. Or you could consider the innovative and part-time Ed.D. in Higher Education , with service projects and a content minor of your choice.

• School of Education and Human Development

14 Indiana University Bloomington

Why choose iub’s ed.d. program.

IUB isn’t resting on its laurels! The energetic School of Education supports a huge range of undergraduate & graduate programs, backed by 120+ faculty members with interests in everything from art education to Chinese ESL. Browse through the faculty bookshelf to learn more. As an Ed.D. student, you can explore ways to become involved in the School’s global engagement projects, learn from its current research initiatives (e.g. Equity in Action), or help develop its PK-12 outreach . The possibilities are practically endless. If you need a hand in navigating your choices, reach out to graduates. The School has a massive alumni network .

Ed.D. Offerings at IUB

Like many schools, IUB offers a cohort-based Hybrid Ed.D. in Educational Leadership —for K-12 leaders and aspiring superintendents who wish to dive deep into senior-level issues—and a similar Ed.D. in Higher Education for college and university administrators. The Educational Leadership program takes ~3 years to complete. Higher education students who are able to identify a dissertation topic by the end of their second year can finish the Ed.D. degree in 3-4 years.

13 The University of Texas at Austin

• Ed.D. in Cooperative Superintendency
• Executive Ed.D. in Higher Education Leadership (Hybrid)

Why Choose UT Austin’s Ed.D. Program?

Yes, UT Austin is one of the best public universities in the country. And, sure, the College of Education has outstanding rankings across the board. But what truly impresses us is how much effort they’ve put into improving the lives of students in their state. Half of its research centers & institutes are focused on Texas educational challenges. The College runs the University of Texas at Austin High School Special Purpose District (UTHSD) . It’s using GEAR UP Partnership grants to support college readiness among underrepresented students in Central and Deep East Texas. And it’s advocating for research-driven policy changes.

Ed.D. Offerings at UT Austin

Aspiring superintendents and chief executives in Texas state education agencies should put UT Austin’s cohort-based Cooperative Superintendency Program on their shortlist. This highly-ranked Ed.D. readies leaders for the mercurial world of public education systems. You’ll take classes like School Restructuring & Renewal and School District Functions and complete a Superintendent Practicum. It takes 30 months/2.5 years to complete.

If you’re aiming for executive or high-level administration roles in education, you can apply to the Executive Ed.D. in Higher Education Leadership . In this blended doctorate, you’ll learn about technology in education, student success and learning, and policy and governance from a renowned and diverse faculty. Some e-learning components are offered alongside on-campus work.

• Executive Ed.D. Tuition

12 University of Maryland-College Park

• Ed.D. in School System Leadership (Hybrid)

Why Choose UMD’s Ed.D. Program?

Over the years, UMD’s College of Education has been building up a rock-solid reputation for quality. Alumni praise the encouraging advisors, excellent staff, and flexibility of programs for working educators. (Reviews of the Ph.D. programs are not as fulsome.) Thanks to its position as a major research university near Washington, D.C., UMD has plenty of resources available for practice-based investigations. Within its research centers , you’ll find work on urban initiatives and innovation & improvement in public schools. Within the Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, you’ll encounter Dr. Sophia Rodriguez and her ImmigrantEdNext lab . The College also hosts a huge number of colloquiums, conferences & events .

Ed.D. Offerings at UMD

UMD’s 3-year doctorate in education is ideal for Maryland K-12 administrators who wish to tackle current school system challenges, collaborate with like-minded peers, and implement system improvement initiatives. Better yet, this Ed.D. is approved by the Maryland State Department of Education for Superintendent II Certification.

The cohort-based Hybrid Ed.D. in School System Leadership is offered in a blended format, with all-day Saturday seminars and online modules. It contains an 8-credit apprenticeship. And—in lieu of a dissertation—it features a real-world capstone project. Bear in mind that you must have Maryland Administrator I Certification or the equivalent to apply.

11 Michigan State University

• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership: K-12 Administration (Hybrid)
• Ed.D. in Leadership for Equity-Minded Change in Postsecondary Education

Why Choose MSU’s Ed.D Program?

It’s easy to fall in love with MSU’s College of Education ! It has a superb national reputation . It makes a point of partnering with Michigan schools on outreach programs. And faculty within its Department of Educational Administration (EAD) are refreshingly diverse. MSU is an especially strong pick for educational leaders with STEM and urban interests. The College funds a dynamic Create for STEM Institute and a number of its current research projects revolve around improving math & science literacy. It has also developed an innovative Urban Educators Cohort Program and Urban Immersion Fellowship for teaching students.

Ed.D. Offerings at MSU

The EAD supports two Ed.D. programs. The 3-year Hybrid Ed.D. in Educational Leadership: K-12 Administration aims to develop diverse leaders for Michigan schools and community organizations. This CPED-approved program blends face-to-face and online learning with summer intensives. In the third year of the program, group capstone projects bring a team of students face-to-face with a community problem of practice. Ed.D. students will also be prepared to meet the standards for achieving Michigan Central Office Administrator (COA) certification.

In 2024, the EAD launched a new degree—the on-campus and cohort-based Ed.D. in Leadership for Equity-Minded Change in Postsecondary Education for higher education professionals. Over the course of 3 years, students in this program will be able to collaborate together on higher education challenges, complete an individual Dissertation in Practice (DiP), and design & sequence a common 45-credit curriculum. This engaging program is the brainchild of MSU’s Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education (HALE) unit, supported by the Center for Higher and Adult Education (CHAE) .

10 Boston College

• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership (PSAP)

Why Choose BC’s Ed.D. Program?

It’s no accident that BC’s Lynch School of Education and Human Development prioritizes holistic learning, equity, and community outreach! Jesuit schools have a long history of thinking beyond the classroom. Skim through the section on centers & initiatives and you’ll find innovative work being done in international higher education, educational policy, equitable instruction, and Catholic education. Follow the breadcrumbs to the section on Urban Outreach Initiatives and you’ll discover details on the School’s work with mental health and K-12 teacher education.

Ed.D. Offerings at BC

BC’s Ed.D. in Educational Leadership is a Professional School Administrator Program (PSAP) for systems-level educational leaders and aspiring superintendents. It’s an on-campus, cohort-based doctorate that’s been shaped by CPED principles and refined through consultation with the Massachusetts Association of School Superintendents (MASS) and the Center for Behavioral Health, Equity, and Leadership in Schools (BHELS) at William James College. On a full-time schedule, you can earn this Ed.D. in 3 years.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? BC also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

• Lynch School of Education and Human Development

9 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Why choose uiuc’s ed.d. program.

If you can dream it, UIUC can help you build it. The College of Education has created scores of Ed.D. programs in curriculum & instruction, learning design, language & literacy—the list goes on. In 2023, the College had 70+ tenure-track faculty members (including 30% from underrepresented populations), $74 million in active grants, 1,500+ graduate students, and more than 36,000 alumni. Read the Impact Report and be amazed by the work in AI and embodied & immersive technologies. Pay a visit to the research section and be astounded by the sheer number of centers and faculty-helmed research sites .

Ed.D. Offerings at UIUC

The first place to start is UIUC’s program finder . This will give you an overview of the possibilities. There are plenty of conventional offerings, such as the Hybrid Ed.D. in Educational Administration & Leadership with optional principal or superintendent endorsements. But you may wish to specialize in a field such as diversity & equity and apply a completely fresh way of thinking to your work in P-16 learning environments.

Keep in mind, too, that plans of study & delivery methods will vary widely. For example, students in the on-campus Ed.D. in Higher Education can “build their own” curriculum—only a few research courses are mandatory.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? UIUC also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

8 University of California Berkeley

• Leaders for Equity and Democracy (LEAD) Ed.D. (Hybrid)

Why Choose Berkeley’s Ed.D. Program?

Mention the Berkeley School of Education (BSE) to anyone in the world of education and watch their expressions turn to respect. Founded in 1889, this School has seasoned & diverse faculty , abiding research interests in the intersection of technology with education , and a flurry of positive reviews from alumni. It oversees initiatives in literacy & academic talent development. It collaborates with other top-tier California universities on the Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE) project. And it’s part of an amazing network of university and community partners called UC-Links . Check out their innovative programs .

Ed.D. Offerings at Berkeley

There is only one Ed.D. offering at Berkeley, but, boy, is it spectacular! The competitive, cohort-based LEAD doctorate only admits 10-12 students every other year. It’s available in a hybrid format, which means you’ll be required to attend a 4-week summer intensive and 20 all-day sessions (14 Saturdays and 6 Fridays) each year. Some—but not all—weekday courses (late afternoon & evening) are available online. You can work full-time while you study.

You’ll follow a 3-year plan of study, tackling 3 core courses each semester in the first year. Berkeley’s innovative doctorate in education also includes research seminars, LEAD field visits, and a dissertation that’s explicitly designed for submission to journals. Graduates of the LEAD program pursue leadership positions in school districts (e.g. superintendent), as well as C-level roles in non-profit leadership, policy, global educational ventures, and more.

• Berkeley School of Education
• LEAD Frequently Asked Questions

7 University of California – Los Angeles

Why choose ucla’s ed.d. program.

Practice, practice, practice—UCLA’s School of Education & Information Studies (ED&IS) has been sounding the drum for real-world research for decades. The School has created a constellation of K-12 Teaching Schools , which act as sites for research-practice partnerships. It has significant stakes in 20+ centers & labs . Plus it’s the home of the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) and its Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP). This is the largest and oldest empirical study of higher education in the country. Be sure to reach out to current Ed.D. students for their opinions—UCLA lists contact info in its student directory .

Ed.D. Offerings at UCLA

Although it tends to focus more on Ph.D. and M.Ed. programs, the Department of Education does offer one education doctorate—the urban-focused Ed.D. in Educational Leadership for PK-16 professionals. This program melds experiential learning and practice. It also contains strong elements of social justice leadership, anti-racism, and diversity. Because of its flexibility, Ed.D. graduates can work in community colleges, universities, school districts, educational associations, and the like.

Wondering how it will fit in your busy schedule? The 3-year doctorate contains classes on Thursday evenings and Saturdays. In the first year, you’ll work to improve your research skills and educational practices—coursework covers topics like education law, policy, and educational enterprises. In the second year, you’ll focus heavily on research, equity-centered leadership and field experiences. The third year includes a dissertation practicum.

• School of Education & Information Studies (ED&IS)

6 University of Washington – Seattle Campus

• Ed.D. in Leadership for Learning (L4L)
• Ed.D. in Teacher Education & Teacher Learning

Why Choose UW’s Ed.D. Program?

UW’s College of Education is small enough to have a friendly feel and large enough to support 125+ faculty and scores of research centers . Better yet, 43% of the College’s students identify as BIPOC and—since 2006—9 alumni have been named Washington State Principal of the Year. We love the fact that graduate students praise the support of advisors and the care that goes into programs. And we celebrate the College’s commitment to outreach. It has developed 300+ partnerships with schools and communities, including unique initiatives such as the District Leadership Design Lab (DL2) .

Ed.D. Offerings at UW

The Ed.D. in Leadership for Learning (L4L) is designed for professionals in K-12 school systems. From summer leadership institutes to a 360-hour internship, this cohort-based Ed.D. degree is designed to be challenging. There will be coursework in equitable systems and inquiry-focused leadership, online learning experiences, and a rigorous capstone. You’ll also have the option of earning Washington State Superintendent or Program Administrator certification.

Or you could consider personalizing your studies with the Ed.D. in Teacher Education & Teacher Learning . This program focuses on the transformation of educational systems and explores enactments of justice from communities, families, youth, and teachers. Doctoral students are allowed to work with UW advisors to create a tailor-made plan of study.

5 Vanderbilt University

• Ed.D. in K-12 and Higher Education Leadership and Policy

Why Choose Vanderbilt’s Ed.D. Program?

Vanderbilt’s Peabody College of Education and Human Development has one of the best reputations for education in the country—and it lives up to it. Faculty efforts to advance the fields of leadership & policy are backed by tangible results and initiatives like The Possibilities Project (TPP) . Coursework is evidence-based. And alumni can be found across the country. Be sure to talk to the program coordinator about your professional interests. Peabody has thrown its weight behind all kinds of research centers, including race research & justice and PEER , a research-practice partnership with Metro Nashville Public Schools.

Ed.D. Offerings at Vanderbilt

Vanderbilt’s Ed.D. programs are housed in the Department of Leadership, Policy and Organizations (LPO) . Anyone in the Tennessee area should consider the on-campus Ed.D. in Leadership and Policy . It’s available in a K-12 or Higher Education concentration. For 3 years, you’ll attend courses on Friday evenings and Saturdays, explore the realms of advanced leadership, learning & performance, and collaborate with your cohort. The degree culminates in a year-long capstone project.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? Vanderbilt also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

• Peabody College of Education and Human Development

4 New York University

• Ed.D. in Educational Leadership & Policy Studies
• Ed.D. in Educational Theatre in Colleges and Communities
• Ed.D. in Higher Education Administration

Why Choose NYU’s Ed.D. Program?

Starry student reviews. A global reputation for excellence. A commitment to holistic learning and interdisciplinary collaborations. That’s why NYU Steinhardt is consistently in the top 5 of our Ed.D. rankings, year after year. Visit the research section and learn more about Steinhardt’s work on equity & transformation in New York City schools. Attend the in-person events or conferences . Read through the bios of education & leadership faculty . Whether you’re on the verge of applying for a directorial position or seeking to advance your career in theatre education, Steinhardt is ready to assist.

Ed.D. Offerings at NYU

Steinhardt offers two in-person doctorates for K-20 educators. The Ed.D. in Educational Leadership & Policy Studies is available in a full-time or part-time plan of study, with coursework that covers everything from educational reform to policy analysis. In contrast, the cohort-based Ed.D. in Higher Education Administration is delivered in a 3-year, part-time plan of study. It’s packed with engaging elements, including a 2-week research design workshop and a culminating prospectus & workplace project.

Best of all? Steinhardt offers a unique Ed.D. in Educational Theatre with 4 specializations and all kinds of NYC opportunities. You can take part in NYU’s main-stage productions in the Blackbox Theatre and the historic Provincetown Playhouse, sign up for study abroad programs, and/or attend relevant conferences. Ed.D. scholarships are available.

Note: Looking for a virtual alternative? NYU also appears in our Best Online Ed.D. Rankings!

• NYU Steinhardt

3 Columbia University in the City of New York

• View All Ed.D. Degrees

Why Choose Columbia’s Ed.D. Program?

Columbia’s Teachers College (TC) bills itself is a Graduate School for Education, Health, and Psychology. This explains the interdisciplinary flavor of its research , and its commitment to considering every aspect of learning & development. In fact, over 33% of tenured faculty are psychologists or health educators, lending extra weight to programs such as the Ed.D. in Cognitive Science in Education. If you live in NYC, take a close look at the work being done in urban education and diversity in public schools . The Center for Educational Equity also plays a part in supporting the annual Civic Learning Week.

Ed.D. Offerings at Columbia

When all the Ed.D. concentrations are taken into account, Columbia runs 50+ Doctor of Education programs , easily surpassing the other schools in our rankings. In this top-tier academic candy store, you can have your pick of everything from an Ed.D. in Anthropology and Education to an Ed.D. in Applied Exercise Physiology. Many of these doctorates in education come with certification and non-certification tracks; some feature bilingual extensions.

Aspiring educational leaders may wish to investigate the more conventional offerings in higher & postsecondary education and urban education . The latter is a part-time, cohort-based program that can lead to NYSED School District Leader (SDL) Licensure. Applicants must have a combined 8-12 years of teaching and leadership experience.

• Teachers College

2 University of Pennsylvania

• View All On-Campus & Hybrid Ed.D. Degreees

Why Choose Penn’s Ed.D. Program?

Unlike some public research universities that swallow students in their gaping maw, the Penn Graduate School of Education (GSE) is committed to a personalized experience. The School only has 40 tenured & tenure-track faculty and just over 1,600 students. But small doesn’t mean lazy. Penn is making huge strides in education research . It’s supporting entrepreneurial ventures like Catalyst@Penn . It’s spearheading school partnerships and community engagement activities in Philadelphia. And it’s fostering a global outlook . More than 70% of GSE faculty members are involved in international initiatives.

Ed.D. Offerings at Penn

Penn has created 7 doctorates in education—use the the program finder to narrow down your choices. Mid- to senior-level professionals may wish to pay particular attention to the Mid-Career Ed.D. in Educational Leadership , the Penn Chief Learning Officer Ed.D. and the Executive Doctorate in Higher Education Management . These programs often blend online courses and monthly weekend meetings with week-long summer sessions.

Prefer a customizable program of study? Explore the part-time Ed.D. in Higher Education , with a whopping 16 electives, and the Ed.D. in Reading, Writing, and Literacy , which will allow you to choose one or more concentrations, including Adult Literacy Education. Penn also offers practice-based doctorates in teaching, learning, and teacher education and educational linguistics.

• Penn Graduate School of Education

1 Harvard University

• Ed.D. in Leadership

Why Choose Harvard’s Ed.D. Program?

Because it’s the best of the best. Put aside the name and instead look at what the Graduate School of Education is doing in the areas of public education leadership, childhood development, and policy research. Learn more about its impact work in areas like climate change and immigration education. Read the latest issue of the Harvard Educational Review (HER) . And take a minute to scroll through the 4- and 5-star student reviews online. Getting into Harvard isn’t just about bragging rights. It’s about being part of a world-class Ed.D. experience.

Ed.D. Offerings at Harvard

Whenever you decide to take the reins in school environments, non-profit settings, private companies, or government departments, the Ed.D. in Leadership will be waiting. This full-time, 3-year Ed.D. degree brings together a diverse cohort of 25 students and encourages them to shake up the status quo and translate visionary ideas into successful programs. A full-tuition funding package, stipends, and a paid residency are offered to all students.

In the first two years, you’ll engage with classes such as Thinking Strategically about Education Reform and Practicing Leadership Inside & Out. The third year is consumed by a paid residency, where you’ll work with one of the school’s partner organizations to gain practical experience and make a personal contribution. A strategic project and written capstone go hand-in-hand with the 10-month residency so you can reflect on your successes and challenges.

• Graduate School of Education

How to Choose an Ed.D. Program

Combing through our Best Ed.D. list and other Online Ed.D. rankings can be overwhelming. Here is a list of things to consider when choosing a doctorate in education. Rank them according to your values and priorities.

• Delivery Format: Would you prefer a 100% online, campus-based, or a hybrid Ed.D. degree?
• Program Length: Is the doctorate in education part-time or full-time? Can you fit it into your current work schedule?
• Specializations: Do available Ed.D. concentrations align with your educational and career goals?
• Required Ed.D. Coursework: Are Ed.D. course topics relevant, up-to-date, and applicable to your job?
• Internship & Fieldwork Requirements: Are you interested in supervised leadership experiences?
• Dissertation or Capstone: Would you prefer a traditional, 5-chapter dissertation or a less traditional final project?
• Institutional Reputation: Is your university regionally accredited?
• College of Education & Program Reputation: Does the college hold CAEP accreditation? Is it a member of the CPED ? Does it have a strong research arm?
• Faculty Quality: Are Ed.D. professors currently engaged in the profession? Do their research interests align with yours? Is their experience relevant to your leadership goals?
• Total Cost: Is any internal funding available (e.g. scholarships)? How much do Ed.D. students usually take out in loans? Will you be eligible for a substantial salary bump after graduation?

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

There are significant differences between the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Education Specialist (Ed.S.) credentials. All of them are advanced degrees, and most require a master’s degree to apply to the program. However:

• Ed.D. The Ed.D. degree sets itself apart from the Ph.D. by focusing on the practical application of knowledge & research, rather than pure theory. Ed.D. programs will contain a traditional dissertation, Dissertation in Practice (DiP), or capstone project.
• Ph.D. in Education: A Ph.D. in Education may have more of a theoretical slant than an Ed.D., with coursework that applies to aspiring professors in academia or research institutions. Ph.D. in Education programs will include a traditional dissertation.
• Ed.S. An Ed.S. typically requires fewer credits than an Ed.D. or Ph.D. — it’s roughly the equivalent of receiving a second master’s degree. It usually does not contain a dissertation.

A Ph.D. in Education and Ed.D. are both research-focused and are—for the most part—considered equivalent degrees. Most institutions simply offer one or the other. That means your choice of program will depend on your career goals.

Pursue an Ed.D. to:

• Become a leader at an educational institution
• Teach courses at the university level (e.g. adjunct professor)
• Get hands-on leadership skills
• Pursue a broader focus on applied research and practical knowledge

Pursue a Ph.D. to:

• Teach education at the university level or become a director of institutional research
• Produce system-wide change
• Understand theories of educational practice
• Conduct rigorous and extensive original research

Pursue an Ed.S. to:

• Create a positive learning environment for students or staff
• Become a school principal, superintendent, or dean
• Focus on developing qualifications for a specific job

Visit our full guides to Ed.D. vs Ph.D. Programs and Ed.S. vs Ed.D. Programs to learn more about the differences and which degree is best for you.

The Ed.D. Admissions Process

An Ed.D. program can be challenging to get into—you’ll need to draw upon all your professional and academic credentials to make it through the admissions process. Ed.D. degrees at well-known schools are highly competitive; even less competitive doctorates in education are intended for well-prepared candidates who have already accomplished a great deal academically. Here’s how to make sure you’re one of those candidates.

Typical Ed.D. Admission Requirements

• Master’s Degree: Ed.D. programs generally require students to have earned at least a master’s degree (or an equivalent number of graduate credits). However, the master’s degree does not necessarily need to be in education. If you already hold an Ed.S. degree, you are often eligible for advanced placement.
• Minimum GPA: Where a minimum GPA is specified, an overall 3.0 (B) or higher is generally preferred.
• Work Experience: If you’ve never worked in the field of education before, it may limit your options. Because the Ed.D. is a practical degree intended for mid-career professionals, at least 3 years of relevant work experience is generally required. This is not always the case—Nova Southeastern University’s Ed.D. in Organizational Leadership is a notable exception—but it’s the norm.
• Letters of Recommendation & Personal Essay: You’re going to need at least two letters of recommendation; most programs also require a personal essay (the format of the personal essay varies widely from program to program). Applicants often treat these two requirements as an afterthought. But in highly competitive programs, the identities of the people writing your letters of recommendation, and the content of your personal essay, can be the most important parts of your application.
• GRE Scores Optional: If you hate the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), we have good news: many Ed.D. programs will accept the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) as a substitute for the GRE. Start your research with our convenient list of No GRE Ed.D. programs . You’ll find 77+ schools that do not require the GRE, as well as details on their admission requirements and available program concentrations.

Ed.D. Admissions Interview

In competitive Ed.D. degrees, it is common for the school to conduct an interview with a prospective Ed.D. student prior to accepting an application. This interview is sometimes conducted online.

In most cases, the purpose of the interview is more to check in with the student — verifying the person’s identity and identifying any obvious red flags — rather than a decisive part of the process. But if the Ed.D. program you’re applying for is especially competitive, we recommend you speak to students and alumni to get a sense of what might be expected.

Ed.D. Admissions Essay

For the doctorate in education, some schools also require an admissions essay, though the format can vary. Maryville Ed.D.’s personal statement essay is fairly complex, requiring both a detailed autobiography and a short dissertation proposal, whereas Northern Arizona University merely asks you to provide a writing sample where you summarize an article in your own words. But whether the required admissions essay is simple or complex, it’s likely to be short.

International Student Requirements

In addition to addressing any relevant student visa requirements, international students who have not already demonstrated English fluency must generally earn a good score on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or IELTS (International English Language Testing System) exam.

How Ed.D. Admission Requirements Differ Between Schools

There is no single Ed.D. admissions process. All worthwhile Ed.D. degrees will require you to fill out an application and send official transcripts, but beyond that admission requirements differ from program to program:

• Some schools require a Master in Education and some don’t.
• Some schools require prior work experience in the field (e.g. 3 years or more) and some don’t.
• Some schools require a high minimum GPA (e.g. 3.0-3.5) and some don’t.
• Some schools require you to take the GRE and some don’t.
• Some schools require an admissions interview and some don’t.
• Some schools require an admissions essay and some don’t.

Since there are no universally accepted admission requirements, it’s wise to make a shortlist of regionally accredited Ed.D. programs and go from there.

Ed.D. Admissions Checklist

Here’s a simple checklist of what Ed.D. applicants should have in hand before starting the application process. Be sure to check with the specific school for admission requirements.

• Relevant contact information for every university you’ve attended in the past, so that you can have official transcripts sent.
• A résumé that shows the necessary work experience.
• Money for the application fee(s), which typically ranges from free to $100.
• Your GRE, MAT, and/or GMAT score information, if required.
• Your TOEFL and/or IELTS score information, if required.
• Two authorities in the field who are willing to write you letters of recommendation.
• A general idea of what you might write in an admissions essay, if required to do so.

The Doctor of Education: What to Expect

During the course of your Ed.D. degree, you’ll typically be expected to tackle doctoral coursework, internships, and a research-based dissertation, DiP, or capstone project.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) Coursework

Classes for the Doctor of Education vary widely by school, which is why we suggest you take a close look at the curriculum before applying. Standard coursework for all doctorates in education will include:

• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Writing for Research
• Doctoral Seminar or Capstone
• Dissertation, Doctoral Writing Assessment or “Consulting Project”

Sample Ed.D. Course Titles

Outside of those common denominators, schools will alter the Ed.D. coursework quite a bit. Here are a few real-life examples:

Drexel University has an Ed.D. in Educational Leadership in Management with nine specializations and a set of core courses such as:

• Creative Strategies for Educational Leaders
• Educational Leadership and Change
• Transformative Leadership: Finding One’s Source

Mississippi College’s Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership contains courses such as:

• Comparative Philosophies of Education
• Curriculum Planning and School Improvement
• Instructional Supervision
• Intermediate and Advanced Statistics

University of Southern California (USC) offers a Doctor of Education in Organizational Change and Leadership with classes like:

• Challenges in Urban Education: Accountability
• Analyzing Organizational Change and Its Effectiveness
• Education Performance Problems
• Fundamentals of Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Ed.D. Concentrations/Specializations

Some schools offer only one Ed.D. specialization/concentration; others offer ten. We’ve assembled some common titles. This is by no means an exhaustive list—there are more specializations than one could imagine!

• Adult Education
• Athletic Administration
• Curriculum Studies
• Curriculum, Teaching, Leadership and Learning
• Early Childhood Education
• Educational Leadership and School Change
• Global Executive
• Higher Education Administration
• Human Resource Development
• Information Technology
• Literacy Education
• Organizational Leadership Studies
• Urban and Multicultural Education

Ed.D. Internships

Many Ed.D. programs require that students complete a focused internship. This allows students to combine theory with practical knowledge in a supervised environment. Internships create a situation for students to learn from other professionals, become more effective leaders, and apply the skills they have learned in their coursework.

• For some Ed.D. degrees, like ETSU’s Ed.D. with an Administrative Endorsement , this is a 540-hour requirement. All internships are planned and completed in district offices, schools, and community settings under the guidance of a faculty member.
• UNCW’s Ed.D. in Educational Leadership (Educational Administration) includes one internship and other applied learning experience, as well as multiple certificate options that can be completed during the program.

Internships for a doctorate in education often differ by concentration. For example, an internship at a multinational corporation might be arranged for a global executive specialization, whereas a non-profit internship might be arranged for organizational leadership studies. This is yet one more area for students to look into when researching Ed.D. degrees.

Ed.D. Dissertation, Dissertation in Practice (DiP) or Capstone

All Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) programs will contain a large, research-based project. Some Ed.D. degrees opt for a traditional dissertation along the lines of a Ph.D. Other Ed.D. programs contain a Dissertation in Practice (DiP) or capstone project.

Traditional Dissertation

• Doctorates in education that require a traditional dissertation include classes to assist students with each of the steps required to write one (e.g. how to come up with a dissertation topic, how to structure the dissertation, and how to conduct effective research).
• After the dissertation is planned, proposed, and written, the final step is defending it. Typically, an Ed.D. committee will read the student’s dissertation, and—on a set date—faculty members will ask questions of the student to ensure they fully understand the focus area of their dissertation.
• Questions will be open-ended so that Ed.D. students must think critically about their work. The thought of defending a thesis can be stressful, but students are given months to prepare. And committees generally want students to succeed, not fail!

DiP or Capstone Project

Questions to consider before committing to an ed.d., why do i want to earn a doctorate in education.

An Ed.D. can put your résumé at the top of the pile for many positions. But not every position. Do a little market research before making a commitment. Ed.D. holders tend to become school administrators, college administrators, college-level teachers (e.g. adjuncts), and instructional coordinators. If you’re considering one of these roles, it’s doubtful you’ll regret the knowledge gained from this degree.

Do I Really Need an Ed.D. Degree?

The short answer is no—an Ed.D. is not always necessary in order to snag a job in K-20 leadership. However, salaries for elementary and secondary school administrators vary widely; the top 10% make more than $150,000, while the bottom 10% earn less than $66,000. The gap is even more pronounced for postsecondary administrators . A doctorate in education can often help you secure a stronger salary and better job options.

Have a look at our guide to Ed.D. Careers & Salaries for detailed advice on this question.

Should I Study Part- or Full-Time?

If life circumstances allow a full class load, then full-time study is ideal. An accelerated Ed.D. degree takes 2+ years. That’s short enough to avoid feeling too much of a sting from lost income, yet long enough to take advantage of more internship opportunities and on-campus networking.

However, while part-time Ed.D. students may only have time to get the work done (and little else), most will likely walk away with less student debt, which may be worth it even if the doctorate in education takes longer.

What Are the Pros and Cons of an Ed.D. Degree?

• Advancement possibilities in your career
• New learning can revive a passion for your industry
• Opportunity to become a scholar and researcher in your field
• Earn the title of “Doctor”
• Opportunity costs—the time and length of the degree means potentially forgoing other useful ways to spend those years
• May be expensive in terms of both program cost and lost income due to reducing work hours
• Balancing family/work commitments can be challenging

Do I Opt for a Ph.D. in Education or an Ed.D.?

Ed.D. programs might not pack the same punch as Ph.D.s in terms of “perceived” prestige for academic positions, but they serve an important role in terminal degree studies and they’re well-recognized by employers.

The practical application of the Ed.D. is the hallmark of the program. Whereas Ph.D. programs have a strong theoretical research component, Ed.D. programs stress the importance of real-life function and application.

Check out our guide to the Ed.D. vs Ph.D. if you need more help in this area.

Doctoral Degree Programs

Additional information.

• Download the Doctoral Viewbook

Join a world-class community of scholars and education leaders exploring new frontiers in learning and teaching.

Doctoral study at Harvard means full immersion in one of the world's most dynamic and influential intellectual communities. At the Harvard Graduate School of Education, two distinct doctoral programs leverage the extraordinary interdisciplinary strengths of the entire University. The Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed.L.D.) prepares experienced educators for system-level leadership roles in school districts, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and beyond; and the Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.)  empowers cutting-edge interdisciplinary research informed by the cognitive sciences, economics, medicine, the humanities, and more.

Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed.L.D.)

The Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed.L.D) is a three-year, practice-based program designed to produce system-level leaders in American pre-K-12 education. The Ed.L.D. curriculum mines the vast intellectual and professional resources of HGSE, the Harvard Business School , and the Harvard Kennedy School , and includes a 10-month residency in the third year.

Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.)

The Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.) , offered jointly with the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , provides unrestricted access to faculty and resources at all Harvard graduate and professional schools. This five-year Ph.D. is ideal for conducting groundbreaking interdisciplinary research that directly informs and impacts education practice and policy.

Doctorate Degrees in Education

With a doctorate in education, you can make an impact on education through leadership, curriculum design, research, and post-secondary teaching positions. The knowledge you gain in a doctoral program will prepare you to address challenges in education—challenges of both today and tomorrow.

On this page you’ll learn about the advantages of getting a doctorate, the types of doctorate degrees, and what a doctorate program entails.

Why Get a Doctorate in Education?

There are many benefits to advancing your career by earning a doctorate in education. Just a few of these benefits include:

• You can advance to the top of your field: A doctoral degree is the most advanced degree available for educators. It conveys prestige and earns respect.
• Your salary may increase : According to Payscale.com , educators with a doctorate can earn close to 40% more than those with a master’s degree.
• You will gain a greater perspective about education topics : Doctoral programs teach advanced concepts in educational theory and practice.
• You can have a direct impact on education policy and reform : You will contribute to the field by creating research and policy that provide insight into best practices; you will help facilitate change.
• You can help create innovative education solutions using new technologies : Doctorate in education programs focus on new technologies in education. You’ll be on the cutting edge of technology and finding ways to integrate it in schools.

Types of Doctoral Degrees

There are two types of doctorate in education degrees. The one you choose depends on your career goals.

A Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) focuses on the practical applications of educational research. This degree is appropriate for individuals who wish to work in positions of leadership or policy-making.

A Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.) is theory-based and stresses research that can expand the existing body of knowledge in the field. This degree is appropriate for individuals who seek careers as university professors, teacher educators, or researchers.

What Can I Do With a Doctorate?

A doctoral degree can open many opportunities in the education field. Because Ed.D. programs are more focused on practice and policy, and Ph.D. programs are more focused on research, there are some distinctions in career options.

The following provides insight into the types of career paths for each degree program.

• School principal
• Education administrator
• Instructional coordinator
• Corporate training and development manager
• District superintendent
• Adult education specialist
• Director of online learning programs for the design of curriculum and programs
• Education counseling and academic advisor for students, faculty, or school systems
• Post-secondary instructor
• Professor of special education
• Research and education program director
• Education policy director
• School administrator or superintendent
• Executive director of educational nonprofit
• College president

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

A Doctor of Education can lead to high-level leadership positions in education. The degree is designed to prepare you for both leadership and scholarship around teaching, policy, and professional practice. Ed.D. graduates gain the knowledge and advanced research skills required to make a positive impact on the quality of educational programs.

As a scholar and educational leader with a doctorate, you have an array of opportunities to assist in the organization and management of complex systems in educational settings. Ed.D. programs also offer opportunities for specialization in areas such as health and psychology, mental health and hospital facilities, system reform, and management of educational curriculum.

Some career options include:

• School principal : Oversees day-to-day management at their school, including supervision of staff, school policy implementation, communications, and curriculum development and implementation.
• Instructional coordinator : Inspects a school’s curriculum and teaching standards by working with teachers and principals to implement curricula and analyze its effectiveness.
• District superintendent : Serves as the top-ranking executive within a school district by working with the education board to develop and execute strategy.
• Corporate training and development manager : Works with private companies to develop and implement employee development curriculum in alignment with business.

Ph.D. in Education

If you’re interested in helping advance scholarship in education through research, a Ph.D. in education track is the best option for you. Ph.D. programs require similar coursework as Ed.D. programs; however, because Ph.D. programs are geared toward research, there may be more required coursework about research methods.

A Ph.D. degree usually leads to teaching and/or research positions in colleges or universities. Tenure track faculty positions are open to graduates with a Ph.D., but many of the positions open to Ed.D. graduates are an option with a Ph.D. as well.

Salary and Job Growth for Educators with a Doctorate Degree

Doctorate salaries vary by position. Below is a list of careers with salary and career growth information:

Doctorate in Education Programs

Although Ph.D. and Ed.D. programs have different focuses, the root of the curricula and what you’ll learn are similar. Most programs have the following essential elements:

• Education policy
• Curriculum theory
• Research methods
• Organizational leadership and change
• Instructional technology

There are also opportunities for specialization with each type of program—especially Ed.D. programs. For example, you might focus on special education or instructional technology .

Here’s what to look for when researching doctorate in education programs.

Entrance Requirements for Education Doctoral Degrees

Most doctorate in education programs have similar acceptance and graduation requirements, regardless of the type of degree or specialty.

Although some programs require you to have a master’s degree in education or its equivalent before enrolling in a doctorate program, it’s also possible to go straight from a bachelor’s degree into an Ed.D. or Ph.D. program at some schools.

The majority of programs also require:

• Qualifying scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
• A minimum G.P.A. of about 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale)
• Letters of recommendation
• Professional writing samples, such as a master’s thesis
• For non-native English speakers, a passing score on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam

Graduation Requirements

Program structure and coursework vary depending on the institution and your chosen specialty. However, most doctoral programs require 60 or more units of study.

Full-time doctorate students can typically complete their graduate degree in three years if they already have a master’s degree. Without a master’s degree, it will likely take more than four years to complete a doctorate.

Graduation usually requires passing all required and elective courses and completing a dissertation. Once the dissertation is completed, the doctoral candidate must defend their research in an oral examination in front of a panel of academic advisors.

Ph.D. programs also may require the following:

• Research project: These are multi-stage projects required after you’ve completed your coursework. They require an initial proposal, data collection, a synthesis through a comprehensive thesis, and a defense in front of a panel of faculty. An advisor with similar research interests will serve as guidance.
• Comprehensive exam: Many Ph.D. programs require a written and oral comprehensive exam, usually administered upon coursework completion.
• Academic publication: Because tenure track faculty are required to create and publish their research regularly, many Ph.D. programs include publication as a requirement for graduation. The published work can come from the coursework and research acquired throughout the program.

As mentioned previously, there are core areas of study that you will find in both Ed.D. programs and Ph.D. programs. However, there are also distinctions.  

Ed.D. Curriculum

Your program may consist of rigorous training that provides graduates with high-level teaching skills and knowledge. In addition to general classes that provide perspectives for solving complex educational problems, you may take specialty courses that align with your area of interest.

The following types of courses may be included in an Ed.D. program of study:

• Educational leadership : An introduction to defining objectives for the current trends and issues that impact education today in your area of concentration. The focus is on defining purposes of education and providing problem-solving strategies. Students also discuss philosophy, self-assessment of their values and their goals, commitments, and values.
• Advanced leadership in educational systems : An overview of the concepts and requirements needed to successfully manage and develop education programs for systems, populations, or communities.
• Advanced research and learning theories: A discussion of learning theory as it relates to organization, school systems, or governmental agencies
• Curriculum and instructional reform : Includes the design of educational materials that consider theories of cognition, learning, assessment, and professional development for school systems that include diverse populations and multicultural influences

Individuals pursuing an Ed.D. may choose from any number of specializations including:

• Educational administration and leadership
• Adult education
• Early childhood education
• Special education
• Higher education/community college leadership
• Information technology
• Instructional design

Ph.D. Curriculum

Ph.D. programs focus heavily on research. Their coursework provides a foundation in educational theories and methodologies that will help students with their dissertation research. Some courses found in a Ph.D. program in addition to those listed in the Ed.D. curriculum include:

• Advanced statistics and quantitative research methods courses: Provide students with the skills to understand and critique statistical analysis, collect and synthesize data, and present data clearly and effectively.
• Advanced qualitative research methods courses: Allow students to practice and understand qualitative methodologies. Some programs require either a specific general qualitative research methods course or the option to take a course on one of the five types of qualitative research: ethnography, grounded theory, case study, phenomenology, and narrative.
• Education policy evaluation and implementation courses: Provide students with foundations in theories and the history of education policy to give them the tools to help advance and reform current policy.

Online Doctoral Education Programs

Most schools that offer Ed.D. or Ph.D. programs online have a curriculum that follows a traditional format but is accessible through distance learning.

The chief benefit of online doctoral degrees is the convenience they afford. Some programs require short residencies in addition to the online work, while others offer degrees that can be completed entirely offsite. In either case, you’ll have more freedom to learn at your preferred pace and around your schedule while pursuing an online education doctorate.

Before pursuing an online degree, it’s important to consider your learning style. If you’re a self-starter who thrives on your own, then an online education degree might be right for you. However, if the in-class discussion is important to your learning, a more traditional doctorate program might be a better fit.

Make sure to thoroughly research any online doctorate program you’re considering. Online programs haven’t been around as long as most brick-and-mortar universities, and many are still establishing their reputations. The program you select should be accredited. Check with people you trust, such as administrators in your district, and ask if they think the programs you’re considering will help you reach your professional goals. If you eventually want to be a superintendent or school principal, check around online to see if the programs you’re considering have alumni in those roles. If a program hasn’t launched people on career paths that you hope to one day follow, then it might not be right for you.

Paying for Your Ed.D. or Ph.D. in Education

Students who wish to pursue a doctorate in education must be committed to a lengthy and costly course of study, even if they plan to earn their degree online. According to U.S. News & World Report  rankings in 2017, most doctoral programs in the nation cost around $50,000. This figure is much higher than it used to be, as evidenced when compared to the U.S. Department of Education’s education statistic information from 2012, which researched and projected doctoral programs to cost around $36,000.

The good news is there are plenty of scholarship, grant, and loan options available to you. Here is a brief list of some of your options:

• Many schools take care of all or part of your tuition in exchange for your research or teaching assistance.
• You can obtain federal loans through FAFSA .
• In the education space there is an abundance of private scholarships offered by individuals, professional organizations, and other institutions. One such example is the ISI Henry Salvatori Fellowship , which awards $10,000 to graduate students aiming to teach at the college level.
• Some schools offer scholarships, such as the TEDS Ph.D. Program Scholarship, which selects three theological, education, or intercultural studies Ph.D. students per year to award $23,000 each for their studies.

Make sure to do your own research as well, as there are plenty of scholarships and grant options out there.

New Challenges for Doctor of Education Graduates

The field of education cannot be static. It needs to change with advances in our understanding of teaching, learning, technology, and other areas.

You can keep up on such issues by consulting the resources below. In addition, the International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education provides an article about current issues, new trends, and new challenges for educators, such as dealing with diversity.     

Useful Resources

• Association of American Educators
• National Education Association
• Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
• National Association of Elementary School Principals
• National Association of Secondary School Principals
• American Association of University Professors
• American Educational Research Association
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Doctoral Studies

The doctoral experience.

We offer six types of doctoral degrees in over eighty fields of study. Most of our doctoral degrees are PhDs; we also offer a Doctor of Education, Doctor of Environmental Science and Engineering, Doctor of Public Health, Doctor of Musical Arts, and Doctor of Nursing Practice.

COMPLETE COURSEWORK AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Doctoral programs vary widely in the number of required courses as well as additional requirements. Most programs use the first year to prepare students for their chosen field. Some programs conduct an end-of-the-year exam for each first-year cohort, while others evaluate student by courses, papers, and projects completed in that first year. In addition to being assigned a Student Affairs Officer (SAO) by your program, you’ll also mutually choose your Faculty Advisor. Generally this is a natural process where a student’s and a faculty member’s interests and areas of specialization align. This relationship is an important one, which lasts well beyond a student’s tenure at UCLA. In your first year, you’ll take courses with a wide variety of faculty and make lasting friendships with your cohort.

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FIND FORMS FOR DOCTORAL STUDENTS

We’ve assembled all UCLA-wide forms that may be useful to a graduate student on a Master’s track in one place:  Forms for UCLA Doctoral Students . Your specific program may provide additional forms for your use. Here are some of the most common.

• Language Petition
• Nomination of Doctoral Committee
• Reconstitution of Doctoral Committee
• Graduate Degree Petition
• Leave of Absence
• In Absentia

KNOW YOUR PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

To keep on track, a Doctoral student must meet specific requirements for a student’s program.

Type the name of your program to jump straight to its requirements:

Your Program Requirements cover most things a current student needs to know in order to graduate on time.  Our FAQs  answers a few common questions about program requirements. Any outstanding questions can be answered by your program through their website or from your Student Affairs Officer (SAO).

If your program offers a Master’s Degree along the path toward a Doctorate, you’ll be required to initiate a specialized process and meet criteria specific to your program.

NOMINATE YOUR DOCTORAL COMMITTEE

During your second or third year, you’ll begin assembling (nominating) your Doctoral Committee. Your committee is comprised of 4 or more faculty members (3 or more faculty members for professional (non-Ph.D.) doctoral committees) who are experts in your field who can guide you in your research. Some committee members will be on-campus while a few may be located at another academic institution. All committee members will be responsible for reviewing your work periodically, advising you on your direction and independent research, assessing your university oral qualifying exam, and approving your dissertation.

On occasion, your committee will fall out of compliance, in which case you’ll be required to  reconstitute your Doctoral committee . Common reasons include when one of your committee members leaves her or his post at UCLA or when you or a current committee member decides that you’ll benefit more by working with a different faculty member.

For more about your doctoral committee, see the Graduate Council’s guide  Graduate Student Academic Rights and Responsibilities  and  Standards and Procedures for Graduate Study at UCLA .

• Minimum Standards for Doctoral Committee Constitution
• Professional (Non-Ph.D.) Doctoral Committee Policy
• Nomination of Doctoral Committee
• Reconstitution of the Doctoral Committee and/or Change in Final Oral Examination Requirement

ADVANCEMENT TO CANDIDACY

Becoming a doctoral degree candidate is not a given. The first phase of your doctoral program is supervised by a faculty advisor or guidance committee. Your program will administer the written, and in some cases the program’s oral qualifying, exam after you complete courses and other preparatory work recommended or required by your program

Your doctoral committee may also require additional written exams. Only upon satisfactory completion of the written and oral qualifying requirements may you advance to candidacy. A student must also have met language requirements for advancement. This accomplishment generally happens between your second and fourth year.

CONTINUE PROGRESS TOWARD YOUR DOCTORAL DEGREE

With the guidance of your Doctoral Committee, you’ll conduct fieldwork, research, writing, and independent study all the way up through your dissertation.

While you’re completing your degree, keep an eye on your future. Be sure to participate in the great career and professional development events and resources at UCLA.

DEFENDING YOUR DISSERTATION

Some programs require you to present your dissertation to your doctoral committee in a time-honored event called the final oral examination (or final defense). To find out if your program has this requirement, consult your program requirements for the year you were admitted (see KNOW YOUR PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS above).

FILE YOUR DISSERTATION

You will complete an approved doctoral dissertation that demonstrates your ability to perform original, independent research and constitutes a distinct contribution to knowledge in your principal field of study.

CELEBRATE YOUR GRADUATION

Doctoral Degrees are awarded four times a year, and are integrated into a single commencement—called the Doctoral Hooding Ceremony—held once each year at the beginning of June.  UCLA Graduate Commencement for Doctoral Students  is where you’ll find info about tickets, locations, schedule, parking, and dress code (including caps and gowns). For information on commencement ceremonies hosted by various graduate departments and programs, search for your program on this year’s schedule .

YOUR FUTURE

Once you graduate, our support continues. You’ll find great resources, guidance, career support, and opportunities to network with fellow graduates through  UCLA’s Alumni Association .

To network with fellow alumni and learn about meetups and events, like our UCLA Alumni Facebook page . and follow UCLA Alumni on Twitter .

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What Types of Doctorates Are Available?

The pinnacle achievement in education, doctoral degrees may also open the doors to exclusive jobs and maximize salaries . For example, business Ph.D. holders earn 9 percent more over their lifetimes than those with only master’s degrees. In education, that number rises to 24 percent.

The reason is simple. The doctorate identifies that a student has mastered either the knowledge of a subject or the applied theory of one. Achieving the degree firmly establishes one as an authority in her field or discipline. Those are qualities that employers are looking for when filling leadership or top positions within their company.

And these types of degrees are growing in both popularity and scope.

Earning a doctorate is challenging and rewarding, but do you know what to really expect? Download this free guide for tips and insights to help you prepare for success.  

The growing state of the (doctorate) union.

As emerging jobs have taken over the market, the rise in available doctoral degrees has followed.

Currently, there are a total of 88 different doctoral degrees available in the United States. And people are taking advantage of the opportunity

American universities awarded 52,760 doctorates in 2013, up 3.5 percent from nearly 50,977 in 2012 and nearly 8 percent from 48,903 in 2011.

In 2014, American universities awarded 54,070 research doctorates, the highest total in the 58 years that the National Science Foundation has sponsored the Survey of Earned Doctorates.

These numbers indicate that the bar is raising (and quickly) for many high-demand jobs. A master’s is no longer an automatic differentiator for competitive jobs.

Six Popular Doctorates for 2018

In many fast-growing and emerging fields, professionals are seeking to differentiate themselves by earning specialized doctoral degrees. Below is a list outlining seven of the most popular doctorates in 2017 and beyond.

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

If you want to lead a business—via the C-suite or the consultant role—this degree is for you.

The DBA is well poised to lead innovation, evolution and adaptation efforts to help the business meet the ever-changing demands of the economy. Programs teach students how to effectively lead and influence organizations—by teaching what makes businesses tick, improve, succeed and fail.

What you’ll learn:

All programs are different, based on the institution and your emphasis, but the core coursework might include subjects like:

• Leadership constructs and methodologies
• Organizational strategy and performance
• Organizational culture and behavior
• Modern management theory and advanced leadership principles
• Effective decision-making
• Performance analysis
• Application of ethical constructs
• Change management techniques

There are a variety of specialties you can get your DBA in, including: International Business Leadership, Human Resource Management, Project Management, Finance, Strategy and Vision, Marketing, and Strategic Management.

Doctor of Public Health (DPH)

If you want to lead programs that affect global or population health, this degree is for you.

The DPH is tailored to individuals leading policy and programs in the public health sector. Programs help students develop critical skills to identify, validate and improve population-based public health strategies, influence public health interventions and strategies, develop public health policy and programs, and establish economic models to drive meaningful change.

• Health informatics and analytics
• Public health leadership and systems thinking
• Economics of public health
• Community health assessment
• Global health and issues in disease prevention
• Public relations and communication for public health leaders

Common concentrations in Doctor of Public Health programs include: Environmental Health, Health Equity and Social Justice, Health Policy and Management.

Doctor of Healthcare Administration (DHA)

If you want to maintain a healthcare focus, this degree is for you.

The DHA is tailored to individuals leading businesses within the healthcare industry. Programs typically focus on the practical applications of public health theory, evaluation and improvement across the business of healthcare—including administration, policy, regulation, marketing, communication and program management.

• Organizational strategies to improve community and global health
• State, federal and private policy making
• Quality improvement methodologies
• Healthcare economics and financial reform
• Health data management
• Program evaluation models
• Improving health information governance

Common concentrations include: Healthcare Quality and Analytics, Healthcare Management, Clinical and Program Management, General Healthcare Leadership or Health Care Policy.

Doctor of Professional Studies – Instructional Leadership Design (DPS, ISL)

If you want to influence organizations through curriculum development, the Doctor of Professional Studies is for you.

DPS-IDLs develop cross-organization and multi-tiered learning strategies to help organizations improve and retain talent. Professionals in this area work to develop senior leadership competencies, technical proficiencies, knowledge-transfer systems and other important things.

• Emerging trends and technologies for instructional design
• Advanced organizational learning theories
• Innovative learning environment design
• Strategic assessment and decision-making
• Knowledge management
• Communication theory and strategies

This field is an emerging field—growing in popularity as a higher volume of legacy and tenured leaders are leaving organizations.

Doctor of Information Technology (DIT)

If you’re driven to help businesses succeed through the effective deployment and management of technology, this doctorate is for you.

DITs are more than technology specialists—they are embedded leaders who can drive organizations through critical IT-related challenges. Their work enables the success and growth of business plans and goals. From technology assessment to technology vision, these leaders influence the business’ ability to perform its mission.

• IT leadership principles
• Enterprise database design
• Enterprise systems architecture
• Emerging technologies (cloud, grid computing, etc.)
• Information assurance
• Information and network security
• Change and risk management

As organizations continue to rely heavily on existing and emerging technologies, DITs are positioned to have meaningful influence inside of organizations.

Doctor of Social Work (DSW)

If you’re driven by concepts of social justice and reform, or the proper execution of social work, this doctorate is for you.

DSWs are positioned to expand their independent practice or work into new populations or areas, or achieve leadership roles in social work agencies and organizations. These leaders drive social change and interventions that improve the human experience for disenfranchised or marginalized populations.

• Contemporary issues and social change
• Advanced social work theory
• Policy creation
• Human services administration
• Program and practice evaluation
• Public leadership

A Doctor of Social Work may concentrate their research in the following fields: Addiction and Social Work, Disaster and Intervention, Social Work Administration, Criminal Justice, Family Studies and Intervention, Clinical Expertise or Policy Practice.

Choosing Your Doctorate “Flavor”

As we’ve mentioned before, there are two types of doctorate degrees : the academic degree (PhD) and the applied degree ( Doctorate ).

A general rule of thumb is this:

Go for your Ph.D. if you want to pursue a tenured teaching career at a research institution (think professor at Harvard) or if a job implicitly requires it (think: principle scientist or university chancellor).

If not, opt for the applied.

The applied degree is typically recommended if you want to teach at a teaching institution (think small liberal arts university, Christian higher education, private charter schools), if you want to establish your professional credibility as a practitioner (think CEO, financial advisor, public health leader), or if you want to spend the prime of your career in consulting work (think contract researcher or circuit speaker).

Not sure which one is right for you? Go applied. It’s the most flexible program, giving you the best chance of learning things that you can apply in the boardroom or office the next day.

The Doctorate Gut Check

The highest possible achievement in education, the doctorate, firmly establishes you as an authority in your  field or discipline. The degree may also offer competitive advantages, open the door to exciting career opportunities, and deliver substantial salary increases.

For these reasons, doctorate programs are growing in both popularity and scope—a reality that gives today’s professionals unique opportunities to leverage education to further their careers.

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What Can I Do With a Doctorate in Education?

America’s education system is continually in need of leaders equipped with the right knowledge and skills to effect change. From increased classroom size and decreased funding to high-stakes testing and a growing need for technology in the classroom, today’s educators face many – and often have to do so with fewer resources at their disposal. Working at the ground level can be a great way to make an impact. Teachers get to work one-on-one with students, allowing them the opportunity to make a difference in individual lives. But for some educators, the right career path – and the best way to implement change – is through executive leadership in system-level roles.

If you’re an educator looking to move into educational leadership or high-level administration, going back for your doctorate could be the right move. Earning a doctorate in education can help open careers at the top level of the education industry. You might be out of the classroom, but the possibility to impact education is greater than ever. With an education leadership doctorate you can help develop education policy, set curriculum and even conduct research that can help further education in this country.

Of course, going back for an advanced degree is a big decision – and one that may require a commitment of both time and money. If you’re considering going back to school for your doctorate, let us help you gather the facts and explore the career possibilities before you decide.

EdD vs. PhD: Types of Doctorate Degrees in Education

If you’re going back for your doctorate in education, you have two choices of degree:

Doctor of Education (EdD) : This doctoral degree will help educators develop the skills and strategies required to manage an organization, lead faculty and staff, and address educational issues in the workplace. 1 This degree focuses on practical application in real-world environments. An EdD program will help equip you to work closely with teachers and students to help shape an organization and its educational policy.

Doctor of Philosophy in Education (PhD ): This educator preparation doctoral program is ideal for those who want to conduct and publish education research. A PhD in Education focuses on theoretical application. If your goal is to become a university professor, a PhD is usually the more appropriate degree to pursue.

Careers in Education for Doctorate Degree Holders

What can you do with a doctorate in education? Earning a doctorate in education can open up career possibilities in a variety of settings. Whether you want to work in a traditional school setting, a university or even outside academia, a doctorate degree in education will help qualify you for a number of different positions.

School Systems

If you want to stay in the traditional setting of a public school system, several career options are available, most notably as a school principal or superintendent. Both positions carry great responsibility, as decisions made by these roles affect a large number of students.

• School Principals - Principals help create and implement professional development programs and work closely with teachers to make sure the school is meeting its overall educational goals. They also review learning materials and make decisions on school-wide curriculum.
• School Superintendents - Superintendents manage school districts and serve as the chief executive officer and educational advisor to a public school board. They help develop and implement educational policy for the district, manage top-level personnel, monitor budgets and work with school board members, politicians and financial advisors to create a thriving, competitive environment for students. 2
• College Presidents - They are the highest-ranking officials in their respective institutions.  Their duties include creating and executing the school’s vision-mission; managing all academic, operational, and financial aspects; and supervising staff and faculty. College presidents build relationships with government officials, alumni, donors, and the local community. They are accountable to the Board of Trustees. 

College or University

A variety of career paths in a collegiate setting are available to those with a doctorate in education. You can work as a professor, college admissions director, department chair, dean or provost. These higher education leadership positions carry great responsibility, and the decisions you make as an educational leader can affect the institution for years. For example, as an admissions director, it's your job to accept the right number of qualified applicants to balance funding, tuition costs and the quality of the student experience. A department chair handles all aspects of staffing, scheduling and coordination.

• Academic Deans - Academic deans are responsible for the management of their respective academic departments. They play a crucial role in designing programs, recruiting staff, managing finances, and representing their department in college-wide meetings. Typically, academic deans are accomplished professors who possess school leadership skills, administrative expertise and deep knowledge in their area of specialization.
• Provosts - The provost holds the position of the highest-ranking academic officer. They have direct authority over academic deans and are typically regarded as the second in command after the college president. They recruit and appoint deans, play a role in faculty hiring decisions, and oversee instructional planning and delivery as well as research activities. They may also work with or supervise academic support services.
• Instructional coordinators - They develop and implement academic instruction in their respective schools. One of their many primary responsibilities is to do research methods and design education program plans that meet the needs of students. They also analyze student data to determine their progress and identify areas for improvement. By doing so, they can create customized instructional plans that cater to the needs of their students.

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Non-Traditional Settings

With a doctorate in education, career possibilities aren’t limited to only academic settings. The research, communication and professional development skills you build in an EdD program translate well to other fields, including nonprofit organizations and state and federal government agencies. You may even work in business environments as a corporate trainer, helping businesses educate their employees on best practices for their particular industry. 3

• Chief Learning Officer - The role of a CLO involves overseeing the training and professional growth of all employees within a corporation or organization. This includes developing training plans that are in line with the organization's overall objectives, assessing the results of such training, and exploring innovative techniques and technologies for cultivating employee and executive talent. The reason it's a sought-after job for EdD graduates or those with an EdD degree is because of their advanced understanding in human development, teaching, and learning as well as statistics, technology, and other relevant fields. 

Alliant’s Doctoral Programs in Education

At Alliant International University, we offer several doctorate in education degree programs.

• Doctor of Education (EdD) in Educational Leadership and Management
• PsyD in Educational Psychology

Our EdD in Educational Leadership and Management helps prepare educators who want to pursue educational administration and executive leadership roles. The EdD in Educational Leadership and Management degree is offered as a hybrid program, allowing busy professionals to advance their knowledge and develop a network of professional colleagues. To learn more about our doctorate degrees in education, contact us.

• “Edd vs. PhD Degrees,” Teach, accessed November 24, 2021, https://teach.com/online-ed/education-degrees/edd-vs-phd/ .
• “School/District Administrators,” National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments (NCSSLE), accessed November 24, 2021, https://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/training-technical-assistance/rol… .
• “Career Options & Opportunities with an EdD Degree: Resilient Educator,” ResilientEducator.com, accessed November 24, 2021, https://resilienteducator.com/degrees/career-options-edd-degree/ .

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Types of Education Degrees for Future Educators

Teachers and other educators can make a profound impact on the lives of others, whether they’re working with a classroom of 5-year-olds, providing skills training to team members at a Fortune 500 company, or designing the curricula for a performing arts camp.

The field of education reaches far beyond the classroom, and individuals interested in working in education have numerous degrees and career paths to choose from. Education-related professions span everything from corporate trainers to camp directors to high school science teachers.

Additionally, different types of education degrees, such as a  Master of Arts in Teaching  (MAT),  Master of Education  (MEd), or a  Doctorate of Education  (EdD) can prepare graduates with in-demand expertise and skills. These include specialized knowledge pertaining to their major and soft skills such as communication skills, critical thinking skills, and time management skills that are transferable to a wide variety of careers in the public, private, nonprofit, and government sectors.

What Is the Field of Education?

Education isn’t limited to teaching positions. What the education field is encompasses a broad range of other career paths as well, in academic research, student development, and curriculum and policy design, among other areas. Students and professionals in this field are often drawn to positions that allow them to support the development and growth of others. Whether they want to work in an elementary school classroom or lead team-building retreats for a large company, job opportunities for education professionals are numerous.

Consequently, one of the first steps an individual should take toward a successful career in education is to determine which type of career path they’re most interested in pursuing. This will help ensure that they choose a degree program that matches their professional goals.

Why Get a Degree in Education? Education Degree Benefits

Students interested in pursuing a career in education have a variety of undergraduate degree programs to choose from, as there are multiple degrees applicable to the education sector. Whereas individuals interested in teaching history can start their educational journey by pursuing a bachelor’s degree in US or world history, those interested in working as a high school science teacher may choose to major in biology, chemistry, or physics.

Another education degree benefit is that individuals interested in pursuing leadership positions in the field can choose from numerous graduate programs, depending on their interests. Aspiring school psychologists may pursue a master’s in counseling, while those interested in teaching English literature at the college level may find that a master’s degree in English aligns better with their career goals.

Teaching Careers

Teachers are in demand. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that employment of all educators, including preschool teachers, elementary school teachers, middle school teachers, high school teachers, and postsecondary teachers, is projected to grow by 10 percent between 2020 and 2030, which is about as fast as the job growth the BLS projects for all occupations during that period.

Approximately 920,500 new jobs are expected to be added during that reporting period. The BLS projects that student enrollment will increase in communities throughout the US and additional teachers will be needed to meet that demand.

Payscale reports that, as of June 2022, the median salary for teachers was approximately $50,200 annually, with earners in the top 10th percentile having a median salary of around $77,000 per year. Actual salaries vary depending on the teacher’s experience level, the geographical region of their position, whether they hold an advanced degree, and the school district they work for.

Most teachers work on-site at a school during the hours that students are present and have an eight- to 10-week break during the summer. They may also have short winter and spring breaks. Additionally, some teachers work evening and weekend hours to grade papers and prepare lesson plans.

Nonteaching Roles in Education

There are many types of education degrees, and teaching isn’t the only thing that graduates can do. One of the reasons why students get degrees in education is that there are many applicable career paths, including the following.

Admissions Counselor

Admissions counselors often work with colleges, universities, and private schools to recruit potential students. In addition to evaluating applications to ensure that applicants meet the institution’s enrollment requirements—such as GPA, residency, and educational background requirements—they also conduct applicant interviews, coordinate recruiting events, and organize classroom visits or campus tours.

Payscale reports that, as of June 2022, the median salary for admissions counselors was around $40,000 per year.

Tutors are private teaching instructors who work with students doing the following:

• Help students complete assignments and prepare for tests and exams
• Help students gain a broader understanding of new topics that have been introduced in the classroom
• Administer practice tests
• Provide progress reports to students and their parents
• Distribute additional teaching materials as needed

Although some tutors work with students one on one, others work with small groups.

High School Principal

High school principals oversee the day-to-day operations and activities of the schools they work for. Their specific tasks include the following:

• Ensure that academic policies, such as advanced placement (AP) class enrollment prerequisites and add/drop procedures for classes, are being met
• Develop academic benchmarks and benchmark tracking procedures
• Develop and oversee budgets
• Hire and train teachers and other staff
• Develop and implement policies pertaining to on-campus guest visits to ensure that staff, educators, and students remain safe

Payscale reports that, as of May 2022, the median salary for high school principals was approximately $91,800 per year.

Corporate Trainer

Corporate trainers aim to boost an organization’s productivity by providing skills training to employees. Training modules can cover a wide variety of topics, such as team communication, presentation strategies, emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, project management, leadership training, time management, and negotiation strategies. Some corporate trainers work full time for one organization, while others work with different companies for a set period of time as a consultant.

Payscale reports that, as of June 2022, the median base salary for corporate trainers was around $57,800 annually.

Camp Director

Camp directors oversee and manage the day-to-day operations and activities of day camps, sleep-away camps, and recreational camps. Typical job duties include the following:

• Hiring, training, and supervising staff
• Overseeing and managing budgets
• Designing curricula, including activities such as arts and crafts projects, campfire singalongs, and sports and recreation
• Ensuring that campers and staff adhere to safety regulations
• Leading presentations about the camp to current and potential campers and their families

Payscale reports that, as of April 2022, the median salary for camp directors was approximately $42,300 per year.

Education Consultant

Education consultants work at schools and higher education institutions in an advisory capacity. Their tasks include the following:

• Evaluate curricula and learning outcomes
• Analyze teacher and student performance results
• Advise on strategies designed to improve teaching methodologies
• Enhance the effectiveness of curricula

Although some professionals in this role work with educational consulting firms, some work as self-employed freelancers. Payscale reports that, as of May 2022, the median salary for education consultants was around $63,200 per year.

Types of Education Degrees

Students interested in pursuing education careers have many types of education degrees to choose from. For example, at the undergraduate level, students can choose to major in English, psychology, sociology, education, history, a foreign language, science, math, or engineering. Most bachelor’s degrees require students to complete approximately 120 credit hours of coursework prior to graduation, and most full-time students find they can complete their undergraduate studies in approximately four years.

Educators interested in pursuing leadership roles who are looking into master’s and doctoral degree programs can choose from several degree options as well, depending on their interests. Similar to the completion timeline for a baccalaureate degree, the time it takes to complete a master’s or doctoral degree can vary based on the credit hour requirement of the program they’re enrolled in and whether they’re enrolled as a part-time or full-time student.

Examples of postgraduate education degrees and their admissions requirements include the following:

Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)

A Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degree program is an advanced degree program that’s designed to prepare future educators for both licensure and specialized career paths in the teaching profession. Credit hour requirements for MAT programs vary widely from school to school. Some programs require students to complete a minimum of 28 credit hours to be eligible to graduate, while other programs require as many as 42 credit hours.

Additionally, as MAT programs allow students to choose from a variety of specializations, some specializations require more credit hours than others. Specializations for MAT programs include the following:

• Early Childhood Education : This concentration prepares educators with advanced expertise in teaching methodologies for prekindergarten through third-grade classrooms.
• Elementary Education : This general education program specialization is designed for individuals interested in working with elementary school-aged children in grades one to six.
• Language Arts : This concentration teaches best practices for teaching the English language, including reading, writing, and literature studies.
• Mathematics : Teachers interested in gaining advanced knowledge and skills for teaching mathematics to students in grades five to 12 may find that a concentration in mathematics aligns best with their career goals.
• Middle School Education : This general education track is designed for teachers interested in working with students in grades four to eight.
• Science : A concentration in science prepares graduates to teach courses such as biology, earth and space science, chemistry, and physics.
• Secondary Education : Individuals who opt for this specialization will receive generalized knowledge in teaching subjects such as biological science, English, social sciences, and mathematics to students in grades nine to 12.
• Special Education : This specialization is designed for students interested in working with special needs students, such as those who have learning or physical disabilities.

Admissions Requirements for an MAT

The admissions requirements for Master of Arts in Teaching programs depend on the school. For example, some programs require applicants to submit GRE scores as part of their application packet, while others do not. Admissions requirements may include the following:

• A bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, with undergraduate coursework in relevant topics for applicants in certain specializations
• A minimum undergraduate grade point average (GPA) or quality point average (QPA)
• Official college transcripts from all past colleges an applicant has attended
• One or more letters of recommendation
• A completed graduate school application
• An application fee

Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership (MEd)

A Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership (MEd) program is another type of graduate education degree program that prepares students to pursue leadership roles, such as school principal or school administrator, in schools and school districts, including charter schools, public schools, private schools, and parochial schools.

Learning objectives within this program cover topics such as monitoring student performance; developing short- and long-term plans for student achievement; creating diversity in learning programs for students from various ethnic or socioeconomic backgrounds and with different abilities. They also address designing strategies for allocating resources, such as budget and staff resources, to support student learning.

The curriculum of a Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership program often includes courses such as Educational Leadership and Organizational Change, Education and Public Policy, Quantitative Research in Education, Education Law and Policy, and Education Program and Policy Implementation.

Similar to the credit hour requirement for a MAT degree, the credit hour requirement for a Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership also varies from school to school. Some institutions require as few as 30 credit hours, while others require 40 credit hours or more.

Admissions Requirements for an MEd

The admissions requirements for a Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership are similar to admissions requirements for other types of graduate degree programs. Requirements often include the following:

• A bachelor’s degree in a related field, such as English, science, mathematics, or history, from an accredited institution
• A minimum undergraduate GPA or QPA
• Official college transcripts from all past colleges and universities
• GRE scores may or may not be required depending on the institution

Doctor of Education in Education Policy and Leadership (EdD)

A Doctor of Education in Education Policy and Leadership (EdD) program is designed for students who have completed a master’s degree in a related field and are interested in gaining an advanced understanding of the issues that impact the nation’s public and private education systems at the local, state, and national level.

Throughout this type of education degree, students learn about how various laws and regulations, such as Title IX and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), impact educational institutions; how to examine and evaluate issues in education from various perspectives; and how to make systemic changes designed to improve students’ educational journeys.

Coursework within EdD in Education Policy and Leadership programs often covers topics such as:

• Research methodologies
• Social Justice
• Systemic Change
• Diversity in Education

Most colleges and universities require students to complete 60 credit hours of coursework before they’ll be eligible to earn an EdD.

Admissions Requirements for an EdD

Similar to other types of advanced degree programs, the admissions requirements for a Doctor of Education in Education Policy and Leadership can vary depending on the institution. Typical requirements include the following:

• A master’s degree in an education-related field from an accredited college or university
• A minimum GPA or QPA, often 3.0 or above
• A minimum number of years of full-time work experience
• Leadership experience in an educational setting
• Letters of recommendation
• Official transcripts from every postsecondary institution previously attended
• A resume or CV
• A completed application

Pursue Your Dream and Shape Lives as an Educator

Students interested in pursuing a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree in education must start by narrowing down the career path they’re most interested in pursuing. From there, they can evaluate degree programs to determine which academic institution and which major is best for them. An important step when evaluating potential colleges and universities is to ensure that both the school and the program are accredited.

American University offers an  Online Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) ,  Online Master of Education in Education Policy and Leadership (MEd) , and  Online EdD in Education Policy and Leadership  for students looking to take the next step in their careers. Each program is rooted in inclusive, anti-racist pedagogy and contemporary methods to create lasting improvement in education. Students can benefit from intentional curricula to prepare them for all types of educational careers.

Are you ready to take the next step forward in your educational journey? Discover how earning a degree in education can prepare you for the professional future you want.

Incorporating Social Justice Children’s Books Into Curricula

The Importance of Promoting Digital Citizenship for Students

How to Incorporate Mindfulness in the Classroom

Betterteam, Camp Director Job Description

Betterteam, Corporate Trainer Job Description

Betterteam, Educational Consultant Job Description

Houston Chronicle, “Types of Jobs in Education”

Indeed, “17 Career Opportunities in Education Besides Teaching”

Indeed, “How to Become an Admissions Counselor”

Indeed, “Popular Careers in Education You Can Pursue”

Indeed, Principal Job Description: Top Duties and Qualifications

Indeed, Tutor Job Description: Top Duties and Qualifications

Payscale, Average Admissions Counselor Salary

Payscale, Average Camp Director Salary

Payscale, Average Corporate Trainer Salary

Payscale, Average Education Consultant Salary

Payscale, Average High School Principal Salary

Payscale, Average Teacher Salary

Payscale, Average Tutor Hourly Pay

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Education, Training, and Library Occupations

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, High School Teachers

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Types of Teaching Degrees

Working in education can not only offer a rewarding career, but also the chance to change students' lives for the better. The first steps to becoming a teacher is to complete a teacher education program and obtain a teaching certification. Depending on where you are in your professional career and the type of teaching job you'd like to have, future educators have several options when it comes to the types of teaching degrees available.

Some degrees (like those for undergraduate students) lead to teacher licensure, while others allow students to improve their teaching career with advanced degrees. One thing all the degree programs below have in common is they'll help set you up for a successful career in education, no matter what grade level or age group you want to teach.

Undergraduate Programs

Undergraduate programs in education are designed to provide a strong foundation for those who want to enter the teaching profession. Whether it's working with young children in early childhood settings, teaching in elementary schools, specializing in special education, or focusing on a specific subject for secondary education classes, undergraduate degrees typically provide a path to initial teacher certifications.

Bachelor's Degree in Elementary Education

A Bachelor's Degree in Elementary Education is for students who want to become elementary school teachers. This four-year program provides students with the skills and knowledge to teach young learners, typically in grades K-6. An elementary teaching degree program blends theory with practical experience, offering opportunities to learn about child development, curriculum planning, and effective teaching strategies.

Who It's For: Future elementary school teachers who want to work with young children in grade levels K-6.

Program Length : 4 years

What You'll Learn : Foundational teaching methods, child psychology, curriculum development, and classroom management for young learners.

Admissions Requirements : High school diploma or equivalent, SAT/ACT scores

Career Outcomes : 

• Public school elementary teacher : Public school teachers work within a school district, teaching elementary school students in grades kindergarten through sixth. They are responsible for creating lesson plans, assessing student progress, and nurturing a positive learning environment.
• Private school elementary teacher : Private school elementary teachers share many of the same responsibilities as their public school counterparts but operate within privately-funded educational settings. They educate elementary school students, focusing on both academic curriculum and often, specific educational philosophies or religious teachings unique to their private institution.
• Teacher assistant : Teaching assistants are education staff who play a supportive role in both public and private school settings, often working closely with elementary school students. Their primary role is to assist the lead teacher in daily classroom activities, helping to manage the class and provide individual attention to students.
• Substitute teacher: A substitute teacher temporarily fills in for absent public school teachers at the elementary, middle, or secondary education levels. While some districts will allow people to substitute teach without a teaching license or degree in education, most offer priority to certified teachers.
• School paraprofessionals: Paraprofessionals provide essential support to students, particularly in elementary and secondary education. They often work alongside teachers to offer additional assistance to students with special needs or those who require extra help.

Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Education

A Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Education is designed for those who are interested in teaching children from birth to kindergarten. An early childhood education degree program focuses on the developmental needs and learning styles of young children. Students learn to create engaging, age-appropriate learning experiences, focusing on the physical, cognitive, and emotional development of children.

Who It's For : Future early childhood education teachers who want to teach children from birth to kindergarten.

What You'll Learn : Early childhood development theories, instructional strategies for young children, and managing early childhood educational settings.

Admissions Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent, SAT/ACT scores.

Career Outcomes: 

• Preschool teachers : Preschool teachers play a crucial role in early childhood development, utilizing their expertise in the education field to create a foundational classroom experience for young learners.
• Daycare teacher : Daycare teachers provide nurturing and educational experiences in a daycare setting that set the foundation for future learning as children grow.
• Childcare center director : A childcare center director oversees early childhood education programs, bringing expertise in the education field and experience in managing classroom environments to ensure high-quality care and learning experiences.

Bachelor's Degree in Special Education

A Bachelor's Degree in Special Education is a comprehensive program for those passionate about teaching students with special needs. Over four years, this program provides in-depth knowledge of diverse learning abilities, including strategies to support students with developmental delays, ADHD, autism, and more. The curriculum covers assessment techniques, individualized education plans (IEPs), and inclusive teaching methods.

Who It's For : Those with a passion for teaching students with special needs, including developmental delays, ADHD, autism, and other learning differences.

What You'll Learn : Techniques for inclusive education, individualized lesson planning, and adaptive teaching methods.

Admissions Requirements : High school diploma or equivalent, SAT/ACT scores.

Career Outcomes:

• Special education teacher: A special education teacher is a licensed teacher specializing in working with special education students. They use unique instructional techniques to provide individualized educational opportunities in a supportive classroom environment.
• Reading specialist: A reading specialist focuses on enhancing literacy skills through specialized instructional techniques. They often work alongside classroom teachers to identify and support students' reading needs.
• Support services coordinator: A support services coordinator facilitates and organizes educational opportunities for students, collaborating with classroom teachers and other professionals to implement effective instructional techniques and support strategies.

Specific Subject Degrees

Future middle school and high school teachers typically focus on a particular subject, such as math, science, English, art, foreign language, or physical education. Students gain a deep understanding of their chosen field and have opportunities to take additional education-specific courses. They may also choose to pursue a master's degree with teacher licensure after obtaining their undergraduate degree in their chosen subject.

Who It's For : Secondary education teachers who want to teach a specific subject in middle school or high school.

What You'll Learn: In-depth knowledge of the chosen subject area, pedagogical techniques, and curriculum development.

• Specific subject or grade level middle school teacher
• High school teacher
• Art teacher
• Physical education teacher
• Music teacher

Master's Degrees

Master's degree programs offer advanced education and training for those looking to grow in their teaching careers or enter the profession with a higher degree of specialization. These programs provide a more in-depth look into specialized areas of education.

Master of Arts in Teaching

The Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) at Pepperdine University is an advanced program for education professionals and those who want to enter the teaching profession and already hold a bachelor's degree in another field. This 11-month program offers a blend of online learning and in-person instruction that covers theoretical and practical learning and leads to an initial teaching license. The curriculum covers advanced teaching methods, educational research, and specialization options.

Who It's For : Education professionals who want to improve their teaching skills or future teachers with a bachelor's degree in a related field who want to obtain a teaching license.

Program Length : 11 months

What You'll Learn : Advanced teaching methods, educational research, and specialization in a specific teaching area.

Admissions Requirements: Bachelor's degree, letters of recommendation, Statement of Purpose Statement of Responsibility, Basic Skills Requirement (CBEST), California Subject Examination for Teachers (CSET). 

• elementary, middle, or high school teacher
• department head
• instructional design leader
• education consultant
• district-level leader

Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)

The MAT in TESOL is an intensive 11-month program for those who want to teach English to non-native speakers, either domestically or internationally. This program focuses on linguistics, teaching methodologies for ESL, and cultural competencies.

Who It's For : Those who want to teach English either in the United States or internationally.

What You'll Learn : Linguistics, pedagogy for teaching English as a second language, and cultural competency.

Admissions Requirements: Bachelor's degree, proficiency in English, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement.

• English teacher domestically for children or adults
• English teacher abroad
• English teacher online 
• ESL college professor
• Private tutor
• ESL curriculum or department head
• Language school leader

Master of Science in Learning Design and Technology

The 15-month Master of Science in Learning Design and Technology program is ideal for professionals who are interested in the intersection of education and technology. The curriculum focuses on integrating cutting-edge technology into learning environments. Students learn about digital content creation, instructional design, and technology implementation strategies. This degree is offered as either an online degree program or an in-person program.

Who It's For: Individuals interested in integrating technology with education and those who need the option of a fully online program.

Program Length: 15 months

What You'll Learn: Educational technology, digital content creation, and instructional design.

Admissions Requirements: Bachelor's degree, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement.

• Technology department head
• Technology teacher
• Business training consultant

Doctoral Degrees

Doctoral degrees are the highest level of academic achievement in the field of education. These programs are designed for professionals looking to make a significant impact in educational policy, administration, or innovative educational technology. The programs offer intensive study and research opportunities, enabling candidates to contribute new insights and leadership in their areas of expertise. Graduates of the doctoral programs often pursue careers as educational administrators, policy makers, university faculty, or specialists in educational technologies.

EdD in Learning Technologies

The Doctorate in Education (EdD) in Learning Technologies is a three-year program geared towards professionals looking to drive innovation in educational settings through technology. This program covers advanced learning technologies, digital transformation strategies, and research methodologies.

Who It's For : Professionals aiming to innovate and implement technology in educational settings.

Program Length: 3 years

What You'll Learn: Advanced learning technologies, digital transformation in education, and research methodologies.

Admissions Requirements: Bachelor & Master's Degrees,  Letters of Recommendation, Statement of Purpose, Resume, Interview, Writing Sample

• Instructional coordinator
• Director of Innovation
• Educational software developer

EdD in Educational Leadership Pre-K to 12

Pepperdine's EdD in Educational Leadership Pre-K to 12 is a three-year doctoral program for those aspiring to hold leadership positions in K-12 education systems. The curriculum focuses on developing strong leadership skills, understanding educational policies, and implementing effective school management practices.

Who It's For: Education professionals who want to advance as leaders in K-12 education systems.

Program Length : 3 years

What You'll Learn: Theories and practices that support research and development of national and global policy, advanced leadership techniques, and change initiatives throughout organizations.

Admissions Requirements : bachelor & Master's Degrees, Letters of Recommendation, Statement of Purpose, Resume, Interview, Writing Sample

• K-12 Administrator
• Educational Consultant
• Instructional Coordinator
• University Faculty

How to Choose an Advanced Degree Program

How do you choose the best master's program for teachers? You'll need to carefully consider your current capacity for furthering your education, your future career goals and available career opportunities, and your past educational experience.

Whether you're looking for teacher licensure, a role in education administration, or a specialized position in curriculum design, instruction techniques, or technology; choosing the right graduate program will give you tools you need to be successful.

Here are some things to consider when selecting an advanced degree in education:

• Alignment with Career Goals: Think about where you see yourself in the field of education. Are you looking for K-12 opportunities, or are you aiming for a role in education administration? Defining your long-term career goals will help you decide which graduate program aligns with your future goals.
• Teacher Licensure: If your goal is to become a licensed educator, make the program you choose meets the licensure requirements in your state or region. Some graduate programs offer a pathway to teacher licensure alongside advanced education training, which can be a great way to achieve your career objectives.
• Educational Experience : Consider your current level of education. If you're already a current teacher, you might look for programs that build on your existing skills. If you're new to the field, seek programs that provide foundational knowledge along with advanced study.
• Program Flexibility and Support : Finally, consider the format and structure of the graduate program. For working professionals, programs offering part-time, online, or evening classes can provide the necessary flexibility. If you're looking for an initial teacher license, keep in mind that you will most likely need to have the availability for full-time student teaching.

If you have a passion for shaping the lives of students and see a career as a successful teacher in your future, consider an advanced teaching degree from Pepperdine University. You can find out more about the MA in Teaching and other master's and doctoral level programs by visiting the Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education website.

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• MA in Teaching
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• MS in Leadership Pre-K to 12 Education
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• PhD in GLobal Leadership and Change
• MS in Learning Design and Technology
• MA in Clinical Psychology with MFT (Evening Format)
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• MS in Leadership in Higher Education
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Types of Doctorate Degrees

• January 12, 2023

There are many types of doctorate degrees available, so it’s important to know what you’re looking for before deciding. This article will discuss the different types of doctorate degrees and their optimal benefits.

We’ll also give you a list of the most common doctorate degrees and explain them. So read on to learn more about the different types of doctorate degrees and how they can benefit you!

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Note: There are many different doctorates available, and they all have their own unique functions, but we’ve mentioned some of the most popular ones here.

There are many doctorates covered in the table, which are divided into different types; let’s discuss them in detail:  

Academic Doctorates

There are a variety of types of academic doctorates, each with its own focus and requirements. These include the basic Ph.D., which is awarded for original research in traditional academic subjects, and more specialized doctoral degrees, such as the MD or DDS. 

Academic Doctorates are higher education degrees, typically earned after a student has completed a bachelor’s degree and completed a graduate program in an academic field.

Academic Doctorates may be earned in any area of study, but are most commonly awarded in the arts, humanities, social sciences, and health professions. They are often considered to be the highest level of education attainable after a bachelor’s degree.

Regardless of the type of degree you pursue, an academic doctorate will help you develop a sharper theoretical understanding, broaden your knowledge base, and open many doors to pursuing a career in academia or research.

Professional Doctorates

Professional doctorates awarded for work in a specific vocational field can involve original research and analysis, but also more practical instruction. Candidates may require appropriate experience to qualify.

A professional doctorate is a graduate degree equipping you with the knowledge and skills to practice as a doctor. It can be obtained in various disciplines, such as medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and pharmacy. 

Professional doctorates are often sought-after by employers because they signify that you have completed a rigorous academic program and have reached a high level of expertise in your field.

They also offer opportunities for career growth, as you can move up in your profession by completing additional training or pursuing a specialization.

Professional Doctorates are a highly coveted credential, often required for many careers in the medical field. They are also an important part of the higher education system and can give you a major leg up in your career .

Higher Doctorates

Higher doctorates are often awarded to esteemed researchers or practitioners later in their careers to recognize their distinguished work. Students normally do not enroll for these doctorates as traditional university degrees.

Higher Doctorates are doctorate degrees that take longer to complete than a Doctorate of Science or Doctorate of Medicine. They are typically conferred on academic professionals who have achieved distinguished research accomplishments in their field.

Higher Doctorates may also be conferred on other academic professionals, such as teachers, who have distinguished themselves by excellence in their field.

It is one of the highest honors that an individual can achieve in his or her field of study.

Honorary Doctorates

Honorary Doctorates are awarded to individuals who have demonstrated excellence in their academic or professional work. They can be granted at a university’s discretion and do not require any specific track record.

An honorary doctorate is an honorary degree conferred by a university, college, or other institution of higher education. These degrees are not considered equivalent to different degrees, such as a doctorate or a Ph.D.

An honorary doctorate is often given to distinguished individuals who have made significant contributions to the field in which the university is located or to society at large.

These degrees are awarded at the discretion of the awarding institution based on their evaluation process for conferring honorary doctorates. 

Key Takeaways:

• Students’ focus should be on finding the right degree program for them and ensuring they research which type of doctorate degree would best suit their career goals.
• Before committing to a doctorate degree, make sure you fully understand your options and what you want out of an educational experience.
• Higher doctorates can provide you with skills and expertise in a specific field, which may be useful for later in your career.
• They can also give you the bragging rights that come with having an illustrious academic degree for sure.

DPhil vs PhD

If you want to study for a doctoral degree, the two most common options are the DPhil or Ph.D. DPhil, is an abbreviation of ‘Doctor of Philosophy.

However, these terms are not different degrees – they’re simply different ways of referring to the same thing!

A DPhil is a prestigious Doctor of Philosophy award that is generally used by British universities (notably, the University of Oxford).

PhDs are equivalent internationally, but most universities around the world use the term ‘Ph.D’. Both degrees are highly respected and demonstrate your expertise in your field.

Types of Doctorate Degrees in Healthcare

There are several doctorate degrees that apply to the health professions. The most well-known is the M.D./D.O., which is a professional doctorate. Other doctorates include the clinical doctorate, which is for doctors who want to do research; and the research doctorate, which is for doctors who want to do scholarship in their field of study.

Types of doctoral degrees in education

If you are interested in pursuing a career as an administrator in education, it may be helpful to pursue a doctoral degree.

Doctoral degrees in educational administration, counselor education, and music education can provide insight into the workings of schools and help you develop strategies for improving learning environments.

• Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Degree
• Doctoral Degree in Curriculum and Instruction
• Doctoral Degree in Educational Administration
• Doctoral Degree in Pastoral Community Counseling
• Doctoral Degree Program in Education
• Doctoral Degree Program in Instructional Leadership

Types of medical doctor degrees

There are three types of doctorates that can be earned in the health professions: the professional doctorate, the clinical doctorate, and the research doctorate.

A professional doctorate is typically obtained by those who have completed a graduate degree in medical science or osteopathy.

A clinical doctorate is usually earned by those who have completed a doctoral program in medicine or homeopathy, or a research doctorate is awarded to researchers who have demonstrated work in scholarly. 

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High rankings reflect strong graduate programs at the iu school of education.

By Catherine Winkler

Tuesday, April 09, 2024

The IU School of Education has been recognized again as one of the best graduate schools in education across the country by U.S. News and World Report’s 2024-2025 “Best Graduate Schools .”

Overall, the IU School of Education is ranked #34, two spots higher than last year, with eight graduate specialty programs ranked in the top 20. All specialty programs rose in rankings compared to last year.

“Our graduate programs contribute groundbreaking research and work that advances education around the world, and these rankings are evidence of both that hard work and our dedication to these programs,” said IU School of Education Dean Anastasia Morrone .

“Graduate programs across the School of Education are held in very high regard, which is a reflection of the stellar research, education, and outreach done by our faculty and alumni around the globe,” said Thomas Nelson Laird , Associate Dean for Graduate Studies.

• Student Counseling and Personal Service - #3
• Elementary Education - #5
• Higher Education Administration #9
• Secondary Education - #8
• Curriculum and Instruction - #14
• Educational Psychology - #18
• Educational Administration and Supervision - #14
• Education Policy - #18

Graduate programs at the School of Education prepare students for careers that make a difference through education fields or other professions. From working in schools and public institutions to jobs in government, corporate environments and technology companies, our graduates affect change and make the world a better place through their work. Many of these programs are also offered online, making them a flexible option for professionals looking to further their education.

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Demystifying Graduate Degrees: Comparing Master’s vs. Doctorate

You want a graduate degree — to continue exploring your passions, make discoveries or advance your career — but how do you turn that decision into a plan?

It starts with understanding the difference between a master’s and a PhD in your field. They differ in length, intensity, curriculum and career paths, so you’ll also need a clear idea of why you want to pursue a graduate degree to determine which one you should get.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

If you’ve completed your undergraduate degree, it might be time to ask, “What’s next?”

That’s where Master’s degrees can come in.

Whether you want to specialize in a particular area or get advanced skills in your profession, a master’s degree can help you get there in 1-2 years.

The most common types of master's degrees include:

• Master of Arts (MA),
• Master of Science (MS),
• Master of Business Administration (MBA),
• Master of Education (MEd),
• and Master of Fine Arts (MFA). 

What do you learn in a master’s program?

The short answer? A lot.

Master’s degree programs are designed to build on the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies, and the curriculum focuses on advanced knowledge and skills in a particular field.

Here’s what you can expect to encounter in a master’s program:

Advanced coursework:  Master's programs provide advanced courses that build upon the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies. These courses delve deeper into specific topics within your field and often explore the latest research and developments. 

Specialization:  One of the primary goals of a master's program is to allow you to specialize in a particular area. Whether pursuing a Master of Arts, Master of Science, or a professional degree like an MBA, you can focus your studies on a specific subfield or concentration within your discipline. 

Research and analysis:   Many master's programs require you to engage in research projects and analytical work. This could involve conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty advisor or participating in group research projects with fellow students. Through these research experiences, you’ll develop critical thinking and analytical skills, learn how to gather and evaluate relevant data and draw meaningful conclusions.

Practical applications and internships:  Some master's programs incorporate practical training opportunities like internships, practicums, or field experiences; hands-on experiences allow you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom to real-world settings.

Collaboration and networking:  A Master's program is a rich collaboration and networking environment. Collaborative projects, group discussions, and professional events allow you to exchange ideas and build connections within your field, often leading to long-lasting professional relationships and potential career opportunities.

Thesis project:   Outside of building skills like project management, problem-solving, project management, and effective communication, thesis projects in master's degree programs serve as a cornerstone for building advanced skills, expanding professional networks, and contributing to the body of knowledge in your respective field. 

Why get a master’s degree?

Career advancement: One primary advantage of getting a master’s degree is an edge in the job market. Employers value the specialized knowledge and advanced skills that come with a master’s degree, opening up new and exciting career opportunities.  The cherry on top? Individuals with a master’s degree often earn more than those without an advanced degree — you can take that to the bank, especially if you set yourself up for financial success during your studies. Flexibility: Another aspect to consider is the flexibility that a master’s degree offers. Many programs offer part-time or online options, allowing you to balance your studies with work or other commitments.  This flexibility can be particularly helpful if you’re already established in your career but want to gain additional qualifications.  Growth opportunities: Depending on your field, a master’s degree can be a stepping stone toward a PhD or other doctoral programs. It gives you a solid foundation in research methods and academic rigor — a boon if you want to pursue a career in academia or conduct advanced research.

What is a Doctoral Degree or PhD?

A doctoral degree is a terminal degree — it represents the pinnacle of academic achievement and is the most advanced degree you can attain. Doctoral students want to become authorities in their chosen fields and develop the skills to conduct independent and original research. 

Doctoral programs usually span 3-6 years of full-time study, during which students complete advanced coursework, pass comprehensive examinations, engage in extensive research and ultimately produce a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. 

There are several types of doctoral degrees based on different academic and professional aspirations, including:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),
• Doctor of Education (EdD),
• And Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), among others. 

What do you learn in a doctoral program?

When you successfully defend your dissertation and complete your degree, you also become an expert in your field — but it doesn’t happen overnight. Here's what you can expect to encounter in a doctoral program:

Advanced research: If you’re looking for a hard emphasis on research, a doctoral program is the place to be. Over several years, PhD students engage in extensive research activities — including conducting independent research, producing scholarly publications, and contributing to the knowledge base of their field through original research contributions.

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks:  PhDs are an incredible opportunity to deepen your understanding of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in your field of study. You'll critically analyze existing theories, evaluate their applicability, and develop your theoretical frameworks to advance knowledge and understanding in your chosen area of research.

Advanced methodological training:  Because a dissertation is an original research project, you’ll gain advanced training in research methodologies and data analysis techniques, like designing robust research studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing valid and reliable conclusions from your research findings.

Critical thinking and intellectual independence: Both academia and industry employers highly value independent thinkers and workers. Doctoral programs foster critical thinking and intellectual independence by challenging you to evaluate existing research, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose innovative research ideas. Teaching and Mentoring Experience: Being a teacher or mentor is a great opportunity to share your hard-earned knowledge, and universities agree. Doctoral programs often provide opportunities to teach and mentor undergraduate students, develop effective pedagogical skills, and contribute to the academic community.

Dissertation project:  Your dissertation is the culmination of years of hard work within your field. By enrolling in a doctoral program, you’re also given the chance to participate in a significant and original research endeavor that demonstrates the expertise you’ve worked so hard to cultivate.

Why Get a Doctorate?

Having a doctorate doesn’t just open doors; it can kick them down. A doctorate might be right for you if you’re looking for a door to these things:

Expertise and specialization:  Doctoral degrees can be a labor of love. They help you delve deeper into a specific subject area, gaining expertise and specialization.

Research opportunities:  Extensive research training, opportunities for conducting original research, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community — these three things make a doctorate coveted by students, universities, and employers.

Salary potential and career advancement: In some fields, having a doctorate can lead to higher earning potential and increased salary opportunities. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , doctoral degree holders made an average of $1,885 per week in 2020, while master’s degree holders made an average of $1,545 per week.

Contribution to society:  Doctoral research often addresses pressing societal issues, contributing to advancements in technology, healthcare, education, and other areas for the benefit of society — for many students, contributing to the greater good is just as rewarding as career advancement or personal development.

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

You might have heard “thesis” and “dissertation” used interchangeably, but they’re not quite the same. Here are the general distinctions to consider:

• A thesis is usually associated with a master's degree program. Students undertake a research project in the final stage of their degree.
• It typically involves conducting original research or analyzing existing research to answer a specific research question.
• The length of a thesis varies based on the field and program requirements, but it’s usually shorter than a dissertation.

Dissertation:

• A dissertation is typically associated with a doctoral degree program. It is an extensive, in-depth research project that marks the culmination of a doctoral program.
• in-depth exploration of a research topic
• comprehensive literature review
• methodology section
• data collection and analysis
• substantive discussion of findings and conclusions.
• Dissertations are usually longer than theses and may take several years to complete.
• Once you’ve completed your dissertation, you participate in a formal defense of the research, where you’ll present your findings to a committee of experts in the field.

Key Differences: Master's vs. PhD

Deciding between master's vs. phd programs.

“Should I get a master’s degree or a PhD?”

Answering that question can be exciting — and a bit intimidating. You must consider long-term career objectives, personal interests, and the time you can commit. Plus, the level of specialization you wish to achieve based on your career path is also a factor. Typically, a PhD is a prerequisite for those aspiring to research careers in academia, while professional roles in various industries may require only a master's degree. 

It’s still worth noting that students have the option of completing a master's degree first and then, based on their experiences and career aspirations, deciding whether to pursue a PhD.

Find the right graduate degree at SMU 

A graduate degree is a big investment, so investing in the right program is important.

SMU offers a diverse array of master's and PhD programs tailored to align with your unique interests and career goals, and personalized support, from the applicant to the graduate, is always available. 

Whether you're interested in pursuing a PhD in Chemistry or are almost finished with your MBA, we can help you find the right advanced degree.

This could just be the beginning of your journey. Get a closer look at applying to graduate programs of your choice with our guide, How to Get a PhD: A Guide to Choosing and Applying to PhD Programs .

Learn More About

Doctoral degrees at SMU, and how you can choose the right program and thrive in it, in our Guide to Getting a PhD.

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From Associate to Doctorate: A Complete Guide to College Degree Levels

Genevieve Carlton

Contributing Writer

Learn about our editorial process .

Updated January 4, 2024

Hannah Muniz

Contributing Editor

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

Considering a college degree? First, you'll have to understand the types of degrees and college degree levels.

Different degrees prepare you for different career paths. For example, you can't become a psychologist with just a bachelor's degree — you'd need a master's or doctorate in psychology. And you usually can't become an engineer without at least a bachelor's degree.

Typically, as your university degree level rises, your earning potential increases, and the unemployment rate decreases. That's one more reason it's important to understand the different types of degrees.

What Types of Degrees Are There in College?

There are many types of degrees you can earn in college. College degree levels can be broken down into two categories: undergraduate degrees and graduate degrees.

Here are the college degrees in order, from lowest ranking to highest:

• Associate degree (undergraduate)
• Bachelor's degree (undergraduate)
• Master's degree (graduate)
• Doctoral degree (graduate)

While a doctorate is the highest education level, some fields may stop at a master's. The phrase "terminal degree" refers to the highest degree in a field.

A professional degree is a type of graduate degree — often a doctorate — that prepares you for a professional career in fields like law and medicine.

Popular Online Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

Associate Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-2 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 60

Most associate degrees prepare you to enter the workforce immediately upon graduation. These programs can be found at community and technical colleges and typically last 1-2 years.

An associate degree can also serve as the foundation for a bachelor's program. You may even be able to transfer some of the credits you earned for your associate degree toward a four-year degree.

Some associate degrees require you to complete an internship or practicum in addition to taking classes. This is particularly common among healthcare and tech degrees.

To apply for an associate degree program , you'll need a high school diploma or equivalent, like a GED certificate. Some schools may require you to submit standardized test scores, such as the ACT or the SAT, as well.

Featured Associate Programs

What can you do with an associate degree.

An associate degree prepares you for vocational, allied health, and support roles. For example, you can become a medical assistant , paralegal , or vet tech with an associate degree.

The highest-paying careers with an associate degree pay over $80,000 per year. See the table below for salary information on other popular associate degree jobs.

Source: BLS

Types of Associate Degrees

Colleges can offer three kinds of associate degrees:

• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

Arts, humanities, and creative fields typically offer an AA, whereas social sciences and natural sciences fields often award an AS. Many applied and vocational programs offer an AAS degree.

The type of degree matters if you're planning to transfer into a bachelor's program. Colleges normally offer fewer transfer credits for an AAS degree.

Popular Associate Degrees

• Business Administration
• Business Management
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice
• Cybersecurity
• Early Childhood Education
• Graphic Design
• Healthcare Management
• Information Technology
• Medical Assisting
• Medical Billing and Coding
• Pre-Nursing
• Social Work

Bachelor's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 4 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 120

A bachelor's degree prepares you for many career paths. You'll generally spend four years earning a bachelor's degree at a college or university. You'll take general education classes and courses in your major . You can also choose a minor.

Some colleges offer accelerated bachelor's programs , which take less time — often 2-3 years. Degree-completion programs can also speed up the timeline by awarding you credit for previous college coursework.

You can earn your bachelor's degree online as well. An online degree from an accredited college meets the same standards as that of an in-person degree.

You'll need a high school diploma for admission and may also need to submit SAT or ACT scores.

Featured Bachelor's Programs

What can you do with a bachelor's degree.

In diverse industries like business, tech, and education, a bachelor's degree can prepare you for many entry-level careers. Some of the highest-paying jobs with a bachelor's degree include roles in finance, management, and tech.

Graduates with a four-year degree can also benefit from high demand in many lucrative fields, like software development and engineering. The table below introduces some popular jobs with a bachelor's degree.

Types of Bachelor's Degrees

You can earn a bachelor's degree in many fields. Some of the most common types of bachelor's degrees you'll see include:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)
• Bachelor of Applied Arts (BAA)
• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

The two most popular degrees are a BA and a BS. These degrees cover all arts and sciences majors and some education and engineering degrees.

Popular Bachelor's Degrees

• Civil Engineering
• Communication
• Computer Programming
• Health Informatics
• Health Sciences
• Human Resources
• Mathematics
• Organizational Psychology
• Political Science
• Public Policy
• Supply Chain and Logistics

Master's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-3 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 30

A master's degree can help you gain specialized skills and qualify for higher-paying roles. As a graduate student, you'll work closely with experts in your field to explore advanced topics.

While a master's degree typically takes two years, some universities offer accelerated one-year master's programs. You can also enroll in a bachelor's-to-master's program to earn both a bachelor's and master's degree in less time.

Most master's programs require a minimum of 30 credits. Admission and graduation requirements vary depending on the program. For example, many arts and sciences master's programs require GRE scores , while business programs typically require GMAT scores .

Featured Master's Programs

What can you do with a master's degree.

With a master's degree, you can qualify for management-level careers and specialized roles in industries like healthcare, research, and social services. The highest-paying master's degrees include MBAs and nurse practitioner degrees.

Learn more about the earning potential and demand for popular master's degree jobs below.

Types of Master's Degrees

Here are some of the most common types of master's degrees you can earn:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Education (M.Ed.)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Laws (LL.M.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Public Policy (MPP)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)

An MA and an MS are among the most popular master's degrees. Humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences fields typically award an MA or an MS. Other popular options include an MBA and an M.Ed.

Popular Master's Degrees

• Creative Writing
• Data Science
• Engineering
• Healthcare Administration
• Library and Information Science
• Network Security
• Public Health
• Supply Chain Management

Doctoral Degrees

• Typical Program Length: 2-10 years
• Typical Number of Credits: Varies

A doctorate represents the highest degree you can get in academia. There are a few types of doctoral degrees you can get.

Professional doctorates train you for a professional career. For example, law school and med school are two common professional paths. A Ph.D., on the other hand — by far one of the most common types of doctorates — emphasizes theory and research.

In a doctoral program, you'll take graduate-level seminars and courses, take comprehensive exams, conduct original research, and defend a dissertation in front of a faculty committee.

Most applied doctorates take 3-5 years, while a Ph.D. typically requires 4-6 years of coursework. In certain fields, you can earn your doctorate online.

Some doctoral programs require a master's degree for admission, whereas others admit applicants with just a bachelor's degree. You may need to submit standardized test scores depending on the program.

Featured Doctoral Programs

What can you do with a doctorate.

If you want to become a physician , professor , or lawyer, you'll need a doctorate. In many fields, a doctorate translates into higher salaries. Lawyers, pharmacists , and physicists all report median salaries of over $125,000 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The following table shows the earning potential and demand for popular doctoral degree jobs.

Types of Doctoral Degrees

A doctorate is the highest education level, but there are still several types of doctoral degrees. Here are some of the most common you can get:

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

A Ph.D. is the most popular doctorate. You can earn a Ph.D. in many arts and sciences fields. Other doctorates take their names from the career path associated with the degree.

Popular Doctoral Degrees

• Curriculum and Instruction
• Educational Administration
• Educational Leadership
• Human Services
• Legal Studies
• Organizational Leadership
• Public Administration

Frequently Asked Questions About College Degree Levels

What are the four types of college degrees.

The four types of college degrees are associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees. Colleges classify associate and bachelor's degrees as undergraduate degrees and master's and doctoral degrees as graduate degrees.

Within those categories, you can earn many types of degrees. For instance, at the bachelor's level, you could earn a bachelor of arts (BA), a bachelor of science (BS), or a bachelor of fine arts (BFA) degree.

What is a four-year college degree called?

A four-year college degree is called a bachelor's degree. Another term for this degree type is a baccalaureate degree.

Many careers require a bachelor's degree for entry-level roles. For example, most careers in business require you to hold a bachelor's degree. Many roles in tech, education, the public sector, and engineering also require you to have a four-year degree.

Some career paths require a specific major. In many states, you'll need a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) to become a registered nurse . In other fields, your specific major matters less than the quality of your skills.

What is the highest degree?

The highest degree is a doctorate, also called a doctoral degree. In terms of university degree levels, both master's and bachelor's degrees rank below doctorates.

You can earn a doctorate in a wide array of fields, including the social sciences, business, the humanities, education, engineering, and healthcare.

In some fields, however, a master's degree represents the terminal, or highest, degree. For instance, a master of fine arts (MFA) is the terminal degree for creative writing.

What is the hardest college degree?

Most would agree that the hardest college degree is a doctorate. As the highest education level, a doctorate requires significant expertise in the field.

Many Ph.D. programs take six years or more and require you to write a book-length dissertation based on original research.

Because a doctorate represents the top of the university degree levels, it's a relatively uncommon degree. Only around 2% of U.S. adults held a doctorate in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau .

What is the quickest degree?

The fastest degree you can get is either a one-year associate degree or a one-year master's degree. While other types of degrees typically take a minimum of two years, you can earn a master's degree in one year with an accelerated or fast-track program.

You can sometimes add a master's degree to your bachelor's through a 4+1 program, also known as a bachelor's-to-master's program. In this case, some of your coursework counts toward both your undergraduate and graduate degrees, meaning you'll spend an additional year in college to leave with a master's degree.

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College of Education grad program ranks in Top 40 among U.S. public universities

The Purdue University College of Education ranks #48 in 2024 Best Education Schools – Graduate  Education , according to the 2024 U.S. News & World Report rankings released Apr. 9. This is an increase from #49 in 2023.

Education is among the five top-ranked academic disciplines at Purdue ranked by the USNWR .

“We are #2 in Indiana, and in the top 19% nationally,” said Wayne E. Wright , College of Education associate dean for research, graduate programs, and faculty development.

This ranking places Purdue’s College of Education graduate program in the Top 40 among U.S. public universities, at #37.

“While this is a very small improvement over our ranking last year, it is evidence that our graduate programs are strengthening — especially in the area of research,” said Phillip J. VanFossen , interim dean of the College. “In fact, the College has one of the highest levels of research productivity at Purdue.”

“We are thrilled to see our graduate program move even higher in the 2024 U.S. News and World Report Rankings,” Wright said. “We truly have outstanding programs and faculty who are dedicated to teaching and providing our students with highest quality education.”

U.S. News & World Report is a recognized leader in ranking colleges, programs, and graduate schools. Each year, Purdue’s College of Education strives to continually improve its programs and relies on the rankings to help promote and serve as a recruiting tool for prospective students seeking a quality online educational experience.

U.S. News and World Report rankings of the 2024 Best Graduate Schools – Education programs https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-education-schools/purdue-university-main-campus-06068   

Source: Wayne E. Wright, [email protected]

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Gannon's online degree programs are designed for busy professionals balancing a career and home life. With flexible class schedules, Gannon's distance learning programs allow students to continue their education without putting their lives on hold. Class work can be completed at any time before the due date, and after the initial orientation session, students never have to attend online classes at scheduled times.

Gannon's academic programs give students a competitive edge over other candidates and provide the relevant skills necessary to succeed in top career fields. Our degree programs are accredited by The Middle States Commission on Higher Education, and we have earned a top ranking in "America's Best Colleges" by U.S. News and World Report. 

By bringing our programs online, we at Gannon University are fulfilling and expanding our mission to offer students an outstanding, value-centered education that prepares students for professional and personal leadership.

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