food shortage solutions essay 250 words

IELTS Essay: Food Shortage and Solution

05/25/2022 11:27 AM

Agree or Disagree

In this essay type, you have to agree or disagree. Often times students make the mistake to write about both, where you shouldn't. Pick ONE side ( agree or disagree ) and stick to it in the whole essay .

You are supposed to have a strong opinion defending or being against the idea. Provide logical ideas and creative examples on why you have that strong opinion.

What is a GMF?

Genetically modified food (GMF) is food that has changes in its DNA using the method of genetic engineering . Thanks to this method, new traits can be introduced to a type of plant or animal to control its growth, shape, size, smell, taste, appearance, etc.

For example:

Naturally grown apples look different, have a weak yellow coloring, the taste may be sweet or sour, their size is definitely smaller than commercial apples, the shape is oftentimes distorted , etc.

Commercial apples (GM apples) are perfectly round, perfectly red on every side, taste only sweet, and can be grown in very large sizes.

All of this change was done thanks to generic modifications of the apple. The main reason for the change is mass production of the same product and eventually higher profits for the corporation or farmer. People would most often buy only "perfect apples" instead of the other "leftover" food.

This can be applied to every other fruit or vegetable, as all of them have been modified in one way or another.

Food Shortage: Why?

There are many reasons why we might have a food shortage in certain areas around the world, and those can include geography , economic conditions , corruption of governments , wars , worldwide distribution , and many more. Before we answer the question above, we should learn about the whole problem of food shortage, what causes it and what can be done about it.

Let's take a look at a few reasons and then discuss solutions.

Reason 1: Distribution

One of the biggest reasons for food shortage is probably distribution or moving resources from one place to another. As the world transportation system is controlled tightly by a few global transportation monopolies , they oftentimes would straight up refuse to ship food around the world, simply because they won't be able to make a profit on that transportation. This creates a bottleneck system where food remains stuck at certain places in the world and has to be consumed only there.

Reason 2: Overconsumption and Waste

This is a huge problem in developed countries . In countries like the USA , China , or some developed European nations , people overconsume food to a huge extent . There is a growing problem with obesity , which comes directly from huge portions , a vast amount of fast food, snacks , and sweet delights . Food waste is a ridiculous problem as well , where restaurants and huge fast food chains throw out tons and tons of food daily , as they are unable to sell or do anything with it.

Reason 3: Geography and Climate Change

It is a non-debatable fact that climate change is here and it is affecting agriculture all around the world. The countries hit the hardest will be the ones along the equator , but the effect will be felt all around the world. This will affect heavily crops yield and reduce the number of food resources available in the world. With the weather changing constantly , we might not be able to engineer crops quickly enough for them to grow well in those changing conditions .

Reason 4: Capitalism and Profit

This problem is somewhat related to the first one about distribution. The main issue that creates world hunger is greed , monopolies , and unchecked capitalism . As wealthy countries and individuals control the means of production for food, they keep prices high and this keeps poor nations or societies hungry. It is so bad that in many cases large producers of meat or vegetables are willing to destroy their production, only to keep prices high or keep selling entirely to wealthy nations .

Solution 1: Distribution

The problems with distribution are linked directly to capitalism and globalization . The world should have never allowed for huge monopolies to control the flow of goods in and out of countries. What can be done is perhaps treating these huge transportation companies with either incentive (rewards) for shipping food or punishing them heavily for refusal. They are supposed to be a public good , and there should be strong government action against all sorts of monopolies , no matter where they come from.

Solution 2: Overconsumption and Waste

A solution for this is again government control . It sounds like a loss of freedom or loss of independence , but there should be strict and dramatic control of diet and food in the developed nations . Restaurants and food chains should not be allowed to make huge portions that could in any normal time feed a whole family, and sell that to a single person. All of that is done because of greed and carelessness for human health . Moreover , food waste should be fought vigorously , and all types of wasteful companies should be held accountable . Those resources of food can go and should go to other people, instead of being wasted and destroyed .

Solution 3: Geography and Climate Change

This is going to be one of the toughest challenges . Fertile soil naturally occurs in only some areas around the world, while other areas have scarce or non-existent . The solution is obviously international cooperation . Countries that are unlucky to have low-yielding soil or shifting climate patterns , have to receive generous help from luckier nations. This whole process should be transparent , cheap , and effective , in order to support those nations' development and avoid mass migrations .

Solution 4: Capitalism and Profit

This is a very tough problem to solve, as power is absolutely in the hands of the rich and powerful . There should be a system , or an international institution that is neutral from governments and corruption , and has the power to block , ban , control , or persuade companies and producers in any nation, no matter if they are in a powerful or weak nation, to change their attitude and prices . This type of organization should be profit free , focusing on securing equal nutrition across all nations of the world. It is a long shot , and probably will never happen, but it is one type of solution.

These are a few ideas in general when writing about food shortages and starvation . In our case here, the topic discusses " gene-modified food " and whether it is an adequate solution . If you agree with the statement, then you need to provide the benefits of GM food. Some benefits can be:

Mass Production - gene-modified food allows mass production of one type one style "uniform" crops that can yield more than traditional crops. ( Example: Corn being mass-produced in the USA and used as anything from biofuel, sweetener, staple food, etc.)

Adaptability - changing the gene of foods improves their durability, their ability to grow in unfriendly environments, and their ability to adapt to changing climates. ( example: rice being modified in china and being planted in all sorts of environments including flooded humid areas in the south, dry and hot locations in the north, mountainous regions, and even in salty seawater)., appeal - although that's not in their interest, humans like perfection and are willing to spend more to buy perfectly looking vegetables and fruit, rather than the naturally-grown imperfect variants. ( example: think perfectly looking apples, bananas, watermelons, huge cucumbers, perfectly round and red tomatoes, etc.).

However, if you disagree , you can use the reasons and solutions above. You can say that even though gene-modified foods are on the rise , massive companies still hold monopoly rights to these foods and technology which will prevent the food to reach the people that need it the most. The technology is definitely good, but it won't change geography , capitalism , or human greed , which is the underlined problem in this case. It is not that the world doesn't have food, it is that we don't want to share it at affordable prices with everyone.

Example Essay:

"One of the most important issues facing the world today is a shortage of food and some think genetically modified foods are a possible solution"

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Vocabulary related to the topic

Sentence starters and linking words, idioms and phrases, introduction.

The idea of a food shortage seems somewhat alien to people from the developed world , especially those living in large megacities . However, predominantly in the last decade , big forces like climate change , international conflicts , economic failure , and income disparities have brought up the topic into the mainstream again. Some believe that genetically modified crops are the solution to this crisis , and although being a net benefit to society , I’d have to disagree, as this innovation does not solve the overarching issues of distribution and human greed . I will provide a few reasons in this essay supporting my decision.

Vocabulary:

the developed world - wealthy, rich countries like the USA, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, the UK, and more.

large megacities - cities with huge populations like Shanghai, New York, Los Angelis, Berlin, London, etc.

a decade - 10 years

a big force - something strong and powerful that affects the world

climate change - the change and rise of temperatures in the world

international conflict - fights, arguments, and misunderstandings between countries

economic failure - having problems with the economy, having economic crises

income disparity - income gap, large differences between the top earners and the bottom earners

mainstream - popular, in the spotlight , being discussed by many people

crops - food that grows on the ground, vegetables and grains

a crisis - a big problem with a country or the world

*IDIOM* - a net benefit - an absolute benefit, a positive development

innovation - improvement of something, making something better, more efficient, cheaper, and so on.

overarching - above all, the most important, the top

distribution - the spread, transportation, delivery, and sharing of resources

greed - the constant need for financial gain, that can never be satisfied

Linking Phrases / Sentence Beginners:

The idea of __________ seems __________ ,especially __________.

However, predominantly _________, have brought up the topic into _________.

Some believe that __________, and although __________, I'd have to disagree, as __________.

I will provide a few reasons in this essay supporting my decision.

Paragraph 1

Initially, it may seem that genetically modified crops can be an easy solution to the crisis . After all , they can grow quickly, they can be mass-produced easily, they can yield more than traditional crops and that means we can feed everyone around the world with ease . This whole picture is wrong, as simply producing a lot does not mean that that food can be shared evenly across the world. It is a well-known fact that most rich and wealthy nations like the US , Canada , France , or Germany hold monopoly power on many new technologies. Not only that, but they protect that monopoly power of their mega-corporations and that means that this technology cannot and will not be shared with the rest of the world. What good is creating these amazing technologies, if they are not shared with any nation that actually needs them? In this case , wealthy nations overproduce and hoard resources , including food, and develop huge problems with rising obesity , while other nations suffer from malnutrition . It is an unjust system that needs to be changed, in order to help feed the world and not just the rich part of it.

solution - a way to fix something, a way to solve something

*IDIOM* - with ease - very easy, effortlessly

mass-produced - something that can be made quickly and on a large scale, making thousands or hundreds of thousands of things quickly

yield - the amount of produced crops (vegetables, fruit, grain)

traditional crops - non-gene-modified crops, organic crops

*IDIOM* -to hold monopoly power - to have full control of a system and to try to keep that control for yourself

mega-corporations - a multinational corporation (company), a company that has unlimited resources and power

to overproduce - to make more than needed

to hoard resources - to collect and keep resources only for yourself, without sharing, to pile up

obesity - becoming unhealthily fat

malnutrition - to consume very less nutrients because of a lack of good quality food

unjust system - a system that is unfair or lacks fairness for everyone

Initially,it may seem that _________.

After all _________.

This whole picture is wrong as , _________.

It is a well-known fact that _________.

Not only that but _________ and that means that _________.

What good is _________, if they are not _________.

In this case _________ , while _________.

It is __________, in order to _________ and not just _________.

Paragraph 2

Secondly, the problem with genetically-modified food is that of distribution . There is a massive waste of food happening in the developed world which is clearly presented by the fast-food industry . Daily, millions of tons of actually edible , quality food are being trashed , fed to animals , burned , destroyed , or used for biofuel , instead of feeding people. This is a problem with monopolies and distribution . Often times shipping monopolies refuse to ship food from one country to another, as there is low or no profit on those shipments. Food monopolies produce a lot, however , they would prefer to destroy their own production , rather than drop the price , as profits and making money is always above feeding those in need . In a way , the food distribution and supply system are absolutely broken and unjust , and that solidifies the case that genetically-modified food won’t save the world. In fact, it might create a larger problem with waste , rather than feeding everyone in need.

distribution - the sharing, shipping, and transportation of resources

waste of food - inefficient use of food

the fast-food industry - the big companies in the fast-food industry like KFC, Mcdonald's, Burger King, etc.

edible - able to eat, good for eating

to be trashed - to be destroyed or thrown in the trash

biofuel - fuel made of plants like corn or other grains

shipping monopolies - companies that control the shipping industry

to ship - to send something by sea

to profit - to gain money out of something

to drop the price - to reduce the price, to lower the price

profits - financial gain, money

a supply - the making and bringing of goods to the goods market

Secondly, the problem with _________.

There is a massive _________.

Daily, millions of tons of _________, instead of _________.

This is a problem with __________.

Often times __________, as __________,

__________, however they would prefer to _________, rather than __________, as _________ is always above _________.

In a way __________, and that solidifies the case that __________.

In fact, it might __________, rather than __________.

In a word , the world suffers from unjust , corrupt systems of food supply, and that is one of the main reasons for a food shortage. As climate change and global conflicts build up steam , we are faced with this unparallel challenge – should we feed the needy , or simply close down and focus on our own. The world needs a better system of international cooperation and understanding , that fights monopolies rigorously , shares technology with kindness , and utilizes genetically-modified foods, in order to lift up nations all around the globe . Hopefully, we can achieve that in the foreseeable future .

*This essay was written in 30 minutes . It is quite long but gives a deep and thoughtful discussion on the problems of food supply and production.

unjust - unfair, not normally right

corrupt system -dishonest behavior by the people operating the system, seeking large amounts of money in order to function or making favors

unparallel challenge - unmatched, inconceivable, unprecedented challenge

*IDIOM* - to build up steam - to increase speed (from steam trains), to accelerate, to grow quickly

the needy - the poor, those in need

international cooperation - countries working together hand in hand , helping and supporting each other

a monopoly - a company or few companies that have full control over one industry and control the price, production, and everything else

*IDIOM* - to lift (people) up - to improve the lives of people

rigorous - hard and strong, without any rest

to utilize - to use effectively and efficiently

nations - countries

the globe - the world, Earth

foreseeable - predictable, one that can be seen, near or close to our time (future) (10-20 years)

In a word _________, and that is one of the main reasons for _________.

As _________, we are faced with __________.

Hopefully, we can achieve _________.

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Your Guide to IELTS Band 7

Hunger: IELTS Problems Solutions Sample Essay

Here is this week’s IELTS Model Essay . It’s an IELTS Problems Solutions Essay on the topic of hunger.

In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry. Why is this the case? What can be done about this problem?

Cambridge IELTS Academic 13 Test 4

ielts-model-essay-extreme-conditions-desert

I will first plan this essay using my 4 Step Planning Process .

Step 1: Understanding The Task

The topic statement says: “In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.” So it’s NOT asking you “why do people go hungry?” – if it were, you could simply say that they forget to eat! It’s asking you “why do people go hungry despite agricultural advances?” This narrows down the topic.

Step 2: Decide Your Position

Your position is your answer, so for this task, my position is my answer to the 2 questions:

Why is this the case? (i.e. the causes of the problem)
What can be done about this problem? (the solutions )

Personally, I think the main causes of hunger are:

climate change
extreme poverty

And I think solutions include:

emergency food relief

Step 3: Extend Your Ideas

Next, I need to develop my ideas . This step is essential to get a Band 7 or higher for Task Response. So I need to take my main ideas from Step 2, and add some detail to these points. Here is my more detailed plan, with supporting information (e.g. explanations and examples):

Causes of hunger:

war displaces people -> may be hard to get food in new place
hard to farm land in war zone
drought – lack of water -> plants and livestock die
hotter temperatures -> affects crops and animals
too much water -> floods – can destroy crops
urban areas – hard to buy food if poor / can’t grow food in cities
farming communities – people sell of livestock for money if poor -> unable to far,
emergency food relief (famine relief, WFP, food banks)
education: teach farmers about techniques, nutrient-rich crops
GM food: controversial but more resistant to drought / disease

There’s quite a lot here, so I might not write everything in my final essay!

Step 4: Structure Your Essay

Finally, I need to decide how to organise these ideas. In other words, which paragraphs will contain each of these ideas and supporting details.

I could simply do this:

Paragraph 1: introduction
Paragraph 2: causes of hunger
Paragraph 3: solutions
Paragraph 4: summary

But this essay will probably be quite long, so it makes sense to divide my ideas into more, smaller paragraphs:

Paragraph 2: cause #1 – war
Paragraph 3: cause #2 – climate change
Paragraph 4: cause #3 – poverty
Paragraph 5: short-term solutions
Paragraph 6: long-term solutions
Paragraph 7: summary

So my complete plan would look like this:

Introduction [Paragraph 1]

Summary [Paragraph 7]

So now it’s time to turn my detailed plan into full sentences!

Hunger continues to be a problem around the world despite agricultural advances such as improved crop yields and new harvesting technologies. This essay will consider some reasons for this, along with both short and long-term solutions.

One of the main causes of extreme hunger is war, which tends to displace thousands and sometimes millions of people as they flee conflict, making it difficult for them to get access to food. War can also make it difficult for farmers to engage in daily farming or to gather in the harvest, which can exacerbate food shortages.

Climate change is an additional cause of hunger. Drought makes irrigation impossible, causing crops to die off and livestock to die, while flooding caused by heavy rains can destroy plants.

Urban inhabitants, even in developed countries, can be victims of hunger. Those in extreme poverty may find it hard to feed themselves more than once a day because of increased prices, and the fact that they live in cities means they can’t grow their own food.

One obvious solution is to provide emergency food supplies to the hungry. The UN’s World Food Programme is one organisation that has provided effective emergency famine relief in regions affected by war and drought, while food banks can provide assistance to people living in urban areas. However, these are only short-term solutions.

Longer term solutions include better training for farmers, especially in the developing world. This could include advice on how to implement more efficient agricultural techniques as well as on how to grow more nutrient-rich crops. Although controversial, the increased use of genetically-modified foods may provide another long-term solution, as it could lead to the cultivation of crops more resistant to drought and disease.

In summary, global hunger is caused by a number of factors, including war, climate change and poverty, but emergency food supplies, education and GM foods can be used to help alleviate the worst of the problems.

(321 words)

Band 9 Vocabulary

This essay uses a wide range of vocabulary in a natural way. This vocabulary also explains and illustrates my ideas in a very precise way. In particular, I use lots of natural collocations – groups of words. IELTS Examiners want to see groups of words like these in the higher bands.

improved crop yields
new harvesting technologies
both short and long-term solutions
extreme hunger
exacerbate food shortages
victims of hunger
emergency food supplies
World Food Programme
nutrient-rich crops
genetically-modified foods

I’ve also used several complex noun phrases. These are all groups of words that act as a single noun, but contain more than one grammatical item.

flooding caused by heavy rains
effective emergency famine relief in regions affected by war and drought
the cultivation of crops more resistant to drought and disease

Without looking at the essay, try to complete it by filling in the missing words and phrases. Good luck!

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World Hunger Essay: Causes of World Hunger & How to Solve It

World hunger essay introduction, history of world hunger, statistics of the world hunger, causes of the world hunger, impacts of world hunger, responses to world hunger, recommended solutions, world hunger essay conclusion.

World hunger is one of the best topics to write about. You can discuss its causes, how to solve it, and how we can create a world without hunger. Whether you need to write an entire world hunger essay or just a conclusion or a hook, this sample will inspire you.

Hunger is a term that has been defined differently by different people due to its physiological as well as its socio economic aspects. In most cases, the term hunger has been defined in relation to food insecurity. However, according to Holben (n. d. pp. 1), hunger is usually defined as a condition that is painful or uneasy emanating from lack of food.

In the same studies, hunger has yet been defined as persistent and involuntary inability to access food. Therefore, world hunger refers to a condition characterized by want and scarce food in the whole world. Technically, hunger refers to malnutrition a condition that is marked by lack of some, or all the nutrients that are necessary to maintain health of an individual.

There are two types of malnutrition which include micronutrient deficiency and protein energy malnutrition. It is important to note that world hunger generally refers to protein energy malnutrition which is caused by inadequacy of proteins and energy giving food. According to World Hunger education Service (2010 Para. 4), the recent statistics by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) records that there is a total of about nine hundred and twenty five million people in the whole world who are described as hungry.

It is a serious condition since statistics indicate that the number has been on the increase since the mid twentieth center. With that background in mind, this paper shall focus on the problem of world hunger, history, statistics, impacts as well as solutions to the problem.

The problem of hunger has been persistent since early centuries given that people residing in Europe continent used to suffer from serious shortages of food. The problem intensified in the twentieth century due to increase of wars, plagues and other natural disasters like floods, famines and earth quakes. Consequently, a lot of people succumbed to malnutrition and death.

However, during the mid twentieth century and after the Second World War, food production increased by 69% and therefore, there was enough food to feed the population by (National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Public Engineering Policy, 1975 pp. vii).

The situation of food adequacy which continued from the year 1954-1972 was as a result of various factors which were inclusive but not limited to better methods of farming, land reclamation, use of fertilizers, use of irrigation, as well as use of machines and other forms of skilled labor.

In 1970s, people thought that they could keep the problem of hunger under control by conserving environment, controlling population growth and technological development. Nevertheless, even with such optimism, studies of National Research Council (U.S.).

Committee on Public Engineering Policy (1975 pp. vii), record that by 1974, the condition had already grown out of hand because there was not only a high population growth rate, but energy was also extremely expensive. To make the matter worse, the same study records that a quarter of the total population in the world were already experiencing hunger.

Therefore, due to hunger, agencies which were dealing with the problem started to request for the intervention of the humanitarian relief as well as trying to solve the problem thorough the use of the green revolution. The problem of hunger contributed greatly to the technological development since by all costs, people had to survive. However, although agriculture continued to expand, the population continued to increase and that is why the problem of hunger has persisted throughout the twentieth century to the twenty first century.

As highlighted in the introductory part, nine million people in the world are malnourished but further studies indicate that the exact number is not known. It is important to note that though the problem of hunger is virtually everywhere in the world, most of the hunger stricken people are found in the developing countries.

Despite the fact that the number has been on the increase since 1995, a decrease was observed in last year. The figures below clearly explain the statistical trend of world hunger from 1968 to 2009 (World Hunger Education Service, 2010 Para. 4).

Figure 1. The Number of Hunger Stricken People from 1969-2010

Source (World Hunger Education Service, 2010)

Figure 2: Distribution of Hungry People in the Whole World by Regions

Source: (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010 pp. 2)

The above figure clearly illustrates that the problem of hunger is most common in the developing countries and less common in the developed countries. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010 pp. 2), 19 million are found in developed countries, thirty seven million in North East and North Africa, fifty three in Latin and Caribbean America, two hundred and thirty nine million in Sub Saharan Africa and five hundred and seventy eight in Asia and Pacific Region.

However, it is important to mention that the Food and Agriculture Organization arrives at the above figures by considering the total income of people and the income distribution. Therefore, the figures given are just estimates and that is the main reason why it has become increasingly difficult to get the actual number of hungry people in the whole world.

There are many causes of world hunger but poverty is the main and the same is caused by lack of enough resources as well as unequal distribution of recourses among the populations especially in the developing countries.

According to World Hunger Education Service (2010 Para 10. ), World Bank estimates that there are a bout one million, three hundred and forty five million people who are poor in the whole world since their daily expenditure is 1.25 dollars or even less. Similarly, Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that about one billion people in the whole world are under nourished.

As expected, the problem of poverty affects mostly the developing countries although there have been a lot of campaigns which have been launched with an aim of poverty reduction. Consequently in some parts Asia and China, the campaigns have been successful because the number has reduced by 19% (World Hunger Education Service, 2010 para. 12). Conversely, in some parts like the sub-Saharan Africa, the number of poor people has gone up.

Since the study has indicated that poverty is the main cause of hunger, it is important to look at the underlying cause of poverty. According to World Hunger Education Service (2010), the current economic as well as political systems in the world contribute greatly to the problem of hunger and poverty.

The main reason is due to the fact that more often than not, resources are controlled by the economic and political institutions which are controlled by the minority. Therefore, policies which emanate from poor economic systems are contributory factor to poverty and hunger.

Conflict and war is an important cause of not only poverty but also hunger. The main reason is due to the fact that conflicts lead to displacement of people and destruction of property and other resources that can be helpful in alleviating hunger. Towards the end of 2005, the number of refugees was lower compared to the current number influenced by violence and conflicts which have been taking place in Iraq as well as in Somali.

The same study clearly indicates that towards the end of the year 2008, UNHCR had recorded more than ten million refugees. A year after, internally displaced persons in the whole world had reached a total of twenty six million (World Hunger Education Service 2010 par 13). However, although it is difficult to provide the total number of internally displaced people due to conflicts, the truth is, refugees mostly suffer from poverty which exposes them to extreme hunger.

Over the last century, climate has been changing in most parts of the world, a condition which has been caused by global warming. It is a real phenomena and the effects of the same are observed in most parts of the world which are inclusive but not limited to draughts, floods, changing weather and climatic patterns as well as hurricanes (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Economic and Social Dept, 2005).

Such effects of globalization contribute greatly to hunger because they destroy the already cultivated food leading to food shortages.

Changing weather and climate patterns require a change to certain crops which is not only expensive but it also takes long to be implemented. In addition, some plants and animals have become extinct and the same contributes greatly to food shortages and hunger in general. Nonetheless, the most serious consequences of global warming are floods draughts and famines since they lead to poverty which ends up increasing people’s susceptibility to hunger. ( Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010)

High food prices in both domestic and international markets are also a contributory factor to world hunger. Although the level of poverty is increasing because the level of income has reduced, the price of various food commodities has also gone up and therefore, it has become increasingly difficult for people to afford adequate food for their needs.

According to the studies of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2008 pp. 24), between the year 2002 to 2007, prices of cereals such as wheat maize as well as rice increased by about fifty percent in the world market.

Nonetheless, although the world market food prices were increasing, the rate was different with domestic prices, a condition caused by the depreciating value of the US dollar while compared to other currencies in the world. However, in the year 2007 and 2008, domestic food prices in most countries also ended up increasing.

High prices in the domestic market are caused by high prices for agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. As highlighted earlier, the need for use of advanced agricultural inputs results from the effects of global warming which is also a chief cause of world hunger and food insecurity.

There are many impacts of world hunger because food is a basic need for everyone in the society. Although impacts of hunger affect people across all the age brackets, young children are usually the worst victims. In science, the condition caused by hunger and starvation is known as under nutrition. It increases the disease burden such that in one year; under nourished children suffer from illnesses for at least five months as the condition lowers their immunity.

In most cases, undernourishment is the underlying cause of various diseases that affect children like malaria, measles, diarrhea and pneumonia. Studies of World Hunger Education Service (2010 par. 10) indicate that malnutrition is the underlying cause of more than half of all the cases of malaria diarrhea and pneumonia in young children. In measles, the same studies indicate that forty five percent of all the cases result from malnutrition.

As the problem of hunger, malnutrition is unequally distributed in the world because about thirty two percent of the stunted children live in the developing countries. Seventy percent of the total number of the malnourished children is found in Asia while Africa hosts 26% and the remaining four percent are from Caribbean and Latin America (World Hunger Education Service, 2010 par 11).

The study points out that the problem starts even before birth because in most cases, pregnant mothers are also usually undernourished. Due to this problem, in every six infants, one is usually undernourished. Apart from death, under nourishment resulting from hunger also causes blindness, difficulties in learning, stunted growth, retardation and poor health, to name just a few.

Apart from disease, poverty is also a resultant factor of hunger. In reference to the definition of hunger as an uncomfortable condition resulting from lack of food, hungry people are usually incapacitated. Since food is an important source of energy, people suffering from hunger are usually not in a position to take part in useful economic activities and a result, they are usually poor.

In addition, hunger is one of the reasons that cause people to migrate from one place to another there by causing economic constraints to the host countries. Conflicts also emanate from the same as people compete for scarce resources. A lot of humanitarian agencies use most of their funds in proving food to the people suffering from hunger either in refugee camps or in other places.

As a result, governments spend a lot of money in providing humanitarian support while the same amount of money could have been used in development projects. Impacts of hunger are mostly felt in the developing countries, Asia and Sub Saharan Africa because in most cases, the problem of hunger in such regions is usually an international problem because regional governments cannot be able to deal with it single handedly ( World Vision, 2010).

Hunger being a serious problem requires no emphasis and therefore, there are some responses which are meant to mitigate the problem. Various policies have therefore been established in all related areas. For example, there are various policies that that have been established to regulate high food prices. Such measures are inclusive but not limited to tax on imports, restricting export to maintain adequate food in the country, measures to control prices of food as well as to enhance food affordability, and stabilizing prices.

Improving and increasing agricultural produce is an important measure that has been taking place especially in the developing countries meant to increase supply and eventually curb the problem of hunger. At this point, is important to note that the number of response which have be taken to reduce or eliminate the problem of hunger vary from one region to another.

In addition, every region implements the policies that can be useful in that particular region. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010 pp.32 ), a survey conducted in the year 2007 and 2008 indicated that about 50% of all the countries reduced the tax of imports on cereals and more than fifty percent adopted measures like consumer subsidies with an aim of lowering domestic food prices.

Twenty five percent of the countries imposed restrictions on exports to minimize the outflow of food and the remaining 16% had done nothing to solve the problem of high domestic food prices. It is quite unfortunate that the regions that are mostly affected by hunger like Sub Saharan Africa; Caribbean as well Latin America has established the lowest number of policies.

Although such policies are of great help locally, they have negative impacts in the international markets. For example, due to restriction on exports, the supply of food at the international markets is usually low and as a result, the prices end up increasing. Apart from that, subsidies on imports increase government expenditure thereby straining the budget.

Therefore, it is clear that some measures of price do not control neither they end up mitigating the problem since they affect other people like farmers and traders. The main cause of the problem is due to the fact that most governments are unable to protect their economy from external influences.

While looking for the solutions to the problem, it is important to note that the demand of food will continue to increase due to various factors like urban growth and development as well as the high level of income. In that case, there is a great need for increasing food production.

In addition, the intervention should aim at not only solving the current problem but also solving any shortage that may emerge in future. Therefore, all regions and especially the sub-Saharan Africa ought to focus on increasing agricultural production. Moreover, it is necessary to come up with appropriate policies to ensure that the increase in food production will solve the problem of food insecurity (National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Public Engineering Policy, 1975).

One of the problems that have been causing hunger especially in developing countries is inaccessibility to adequate food. As a result, the concerned stakeholders should look for ways and means of increasing food accessibility. For instance; it would be more helpful if the production of small scale farmers could increase because the problem cannot only help in lowering food prices in the global market but also in alleviating poverty and hunger in the rural areas.

Although incentives and agricultural inputs are important in increasing agricultural production in the rural areas, some other measures can still be used in the same areas. For instance, in a region like Africa, more areas can be irrigated and by so doing, agricultural production can increase as well ( Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010).

World hunger is a real and a serious problem not only due to its grave impacts but also due to the complexity of the whole issue. A lot of people in the whole world are exposed to hunger. A critical analysis of the problem illustrates that it not only results from low food production but it is also affected by other factors such as inaccessibility of food, high food prices and some policies established by the government.

For example, the research has indicated that some polices that control the prices of food in local markets end up increasing food prices in the global market. In the view of the fact that hunger is the underlying cause of poverty, disease and eventually death, it is important for the concerned stake holders to address the issue accordingly.

As the studies of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2008, p. 2) indicate, the over nine million hunger stricken people can be saved only if the stake holders that are inclusive of the government, United Nations, civil societies, donors and humanitarian agencies, general public and the private sector can join hands in combating the problem.

In order to come up with lasting solutions, their efforts should be aimed at improving the agricultural sector and establishing safety nets to protect the vulnerable population. Finally, in every challenge, there is an opportunity and in that case, the high prices of food can be used as an opportunity by small scale producers to increase their produce and get more returns and thereby reduce problems like poverty which contribute to hunger. Therefore, even though the problem is complicated, viable solutions still exist.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2010). Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high . Web.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2008). The State of Food Insecurity in the World . Web.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Economic and Social Dept. (2005). The state of food insecurity in the world, 2005: eradicating world hunger – key to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. New York: Food & Agriculture Org.

Holben, D. H. (n. d.). The Concept and Definition of Hunger and Its Relationship to Food Insecurity . Web.

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Public Engineering Policy. ( 1975). World hunger: approaches to engineering actions : report of a seminar. Washington: National Academies.

World Hunger Education Service . (2010). World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics 2010 . Web.

World Vision. (2010). The Global Food Crisis . Web.

Young, L. (1997). World hunger. London: Routledge.

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A global food crisis

Conflict, economic shocks, climate extremes and soaring fertilizer prices are combining to create a food crisis of unprecedented proportions. As many as 783 million people are facing chronic hunger. We have a choice: act now to save lives and invest in solutions that secure food security, stability and peace for all, or see people around the world facing rising hunger.

2023: Another year of extreme jeopardy for those struggling to feed their families

The scale of the current global hunger and malnutrition crisis is enormous. WFP estimates – from 78 of the countries where it works (and where data is available) – that more than 333 million people are facing acute levels of food insecurity in 2023, and do not know where their next meal is coming from. This constitutes a staggering rise of almost 200 million people compared to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels. 

At least 129,000 people are expected to experience famine in Burkina Faso, Mali, Somalia and South Sudan. Furthermore, any fragile progress already made in reducing numbers risks being lost, due to funding gaps and resulting cuts in assistance.  The global community must not fail on its promise to end hunger and malnutrition by 2030. 

WFP is facing multiple challenges – the number of acutely hungry people continues to increase at a pace that funding is unlikely to match , while the cost of delivering food assistance is at an all-time high  because food and fuel prices have increased. 

Unmet needs heighten the risk of hunger and malnutrition. Unless the necessary resources are made available,  lost lives and the reversal of hard-earned development gains  will be the price to pay.

The causes of hunger and famine

But why is the world  hungrier than ever?

This seismic hunger crisis has been caused by a deadly combination of factors.

Conflict is still the biggest driver of hunger, with 70 percent of the world's hungry people living in areas afflicted by war  and violence. Events in Ukraine are further proof of how conflict feeds hunger – forcing people out of their homes, wiping out their sources of income and wrecking countries’ economies.

The climate crisis is one of the leading causes of the steep rise in global hunger.  Climate shocks destroy lives, crops and livelihoods, and undermine people’s ability to feed themselves.  Hunger will spiral out of control if the world fails to take immediate climate action.

Global fertilizer prices have climbed even faster than food prices, which remain at a ten-year high themselves. The effects of the war in Ukraine, including higher natural gas prices, have further disrupted global fertilizer production and exports – reducing supplies, raising prices and threatening to reduce harvests.  High fertilizer prices could turn the current food affordability crisis into a food availability crisis, with production of maize, rice, soybean and wheat all falling in 2022.

On top of increased operational costs , WFP is facing a major drop in funding in 2023 compared to the previous year, reflecting the new and more challenging financial landscape that the entire humanitarian sector is navigating. As a result, assistance levels are well below those of 2022. Almost half of WFP country operations have already been forced to cut the size and scope of food, cash and nutrition assistance by up to 50 percent.

WFP Annual Review 2022

Publication | 23 June 2023

WFP and FAO sound the alarm as global food crisis tightens its grip on hunger hotspots

Story | 21 September 2022

WFP scales up support to most vulnerable in global food crisis

Publication | 14 July 2022

Hunger hotspots

From the Central American Dry Corridor and Haiti, through the Sahel, Central African Republic, South Sudan and then eastwards to the Horn of Africa, Syria, Yemen and all the way to Afghanistan,  conflict and climate shocks are driving millions of people to the brink of starvation.

Last year, the world rallied extraordinary resources – a record-breaking US$14.1 billion for WFP alone – to tackle the unprecedented global food crisis. In countries like Somalia, which has been  teetering on the brink of famine,  the international community came together and managed to pull people back. But it is not sufficient to only keep people alive. We need to go further, and  this can only be achieved by addressing the underlying causes of hunger.

The consequences of not investing in resilience activities will reverberate across borders. If communities are not empowered to withstand shocks and stresses, this could result in  increased migration and possible destabilization and conflict.  Recent history has shown us this: when WFP ran out of funds to feed Syrian refugees in 2015, they had no choice but to leave the camps and seek help elsewhere, causing one of the  greatest refugee crises in recent European history. 

Let's stop hunger now

WFP’s changing lives work helps to build human capital, support governments in strengthening social protection programmes, stabilize communities in particularly precarious places, and help them to better survive sudden shocks without losing all their assets.

In just four years of the  Sahel Resilience Scale-up, WFP and local communities turned 158,000 hectares of barren fields in the Sahel region of five African countries into farm and grazing land.  Over 2.5 million people benefited from integrated activities.  Evidence shows that people are better equipped to withstand seasonal shocks and have improved access to vital natural resources like land they can work.  Families and their homes, belongings and fields are better protected against climate hazards.  Support serves as a buffer to instability by bringing people together, creating social safety nets, keeping lands productive and offering job opportunities – all of which help to break the cycle of hunger.

As a further example, WFP’s flagship microinsurance programme – the R4 Rural Resilience initiative –  protects around 360,000 farming and pastoralist families from climate hazards that threaten crops and livelihoods  in 14 countries including Bangladesh, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guatemala, Kenya, Madagascar and Zimbabwe.

At the same time, WFP is working with governments in 83 countries to boost or build  national safety nets and nutrition-sensitive social protection, allowing us to reach more people than we can with emergency food assistance. 

Humanitarian assistance alone is not enough though. A  coordinated effort across governments, financial institutions, the private sector and partners is the only way to mitigate an even more severe crisis in 2023.  Good governance is a golden thread that holds society together, allowing human capital to grow, economies to develop and people to thrive. 

The world also needs deeper political engagement to reach zero hunger.  Only political will can end conflict in places like Yemen, Ethiopia and South Sudan, and without a firm political commitment to contain global warming as stipulated in the  Paris Agreement , the main drivers of hunger will continue unabated.

In 2023, hunger levels are higher than ever before

Help families facing unprecedented hunger

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Recognizing and tackling a global food crisis

Globally, over 200 million people are facing emergency and famine conditions.

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This year, acute food insecurity is projected to reach a new peak, surpassing the food crisis experienced in 2007-2008. A combination of factors—including greater poverty and supply chain disruptions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, and high commodity prices—has increased food and nutrition insecurity. This is a multifaceted crisis, affecting access to and availability of food, with long-term consequences for health and productivity. The World Bank has scaled up its efforts to bolster food security, reduce risks, and strengthen food systems over the short and long term. Urgent action is needed across governments and multilateral partners to avert a severe and prolonged food crisis.

Declining food access and availability, with high risks

For most countries, domestic food prices have risen sharply in 2022, compromising access to food—particularly for low-income households, who spend the majority of their incomes on food and are especially vulnerable to food price increases. Higher food inflation followed a sharp spike in global food commodity prices, exacerbated by the war in Ukraine. Average global wheat, maize, and rice prices were respectively 18 percent, 27 percent, and 10 percent higher in October 2022 relative to October 2021.

At the same time, food availability is declining. For the first time in a decade, global cereal production will fall in 2022 relative to 2021. More countries are relying on existing food stocks and reserves to fill the gap, raising the risk if the current crisis persists. And rising energy and fertilizer prices—key inputs to produce food—threaten production for the next season, especially in net fertilizer-importing countries and regions like East Africa.

These trends are already affecting health. Stunting and wasting in children, and anaemia in pregnant women, are increasing as households are less able to include sufficient nutrition in their diets. A recent World Bank survey indicated that 42 percent of households across all countries covered were unable to eat healthy or nutritious food in the previous 30 days. These health effects carry long-term consequences for the ability to learn and work, and therefore escape poverty.

Globally, food security is under threat beyond just the immediate crisis. Growing public debt burdens, currency depreciation, higher inflation, increasing interest rates, and the rising risk of a global recession may compound access to and availability of food, especially for importing countries. At the same time, the agricultural food sector is both vulnerable and a contributor to climate change, responsible for one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. And agricultural productivity growth is not staying ahead of the impacts of climate change, contributing to more food-related shocks. For example, an unprecedented multi-season drought has worsened food insecurity in the Horn of Africa, with Somalia on the verge of famine.

Managing the crisis and preparing for the future

The World Bank is responding to this escalating crisis with four areas of actions: (i) supporting production and producers, (ii) facilitating increased trade in food and production inputs, (iii) supporting vulnerable households, and (iv) investing in sustainable food security. It has made over $26 billion available for short- and long-term food security interventions in 69 countries, including active interventions in 22 of the 24 hunger hotspots identified as countries with the most pressing needs by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Food Programme. Since April 2022, the World Bank has disbursed $8.1 billion, approximately evenly split between crisis response and long-term resilience projects. In the short term, projects like the Emergency Project to Combat the Food Crisis in Cameroon will provide 98,490 beneficiaries with emergency food and nutrition assistance with support from the World Food Programme. In addition to supporting vulnerable households, governments of food-exporting countries can improve global food security by limiting measures like export bans and stockpiling of food. In the longer term, governments can make an enormous difference by repurposing public spending on agricultural policies and support for a more resilient and sustainable food system that directly improves health, economies, and the planet.

These actions and newly released funding underline the scale of the crisis. Timely, coordinated, and sustained action through partnerships such as the Global Alliance on Food Security can maximize the impact of new policies and funding, and mitigate the scale of the crisis. The time to act is now.

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Essay on Problem of Food Shortage Causes and Solutions

The problem of food shortage essay with outline for matric, fa, fsc, 2nd year, intermediate, ba and bsc.

Here is an Essay on Problem of Food Shortage for Class, 10, Class 12, BA, BSC and other classes in which a good student should discuss the Causes of food shortage. The closing of the essay should be with the suggestions and solutions to overcome this problem.

Essay on Problem of Food Shortage with Outline for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation

Introduction
Food shortage problem in developing countries
What are the Causes of the problem of food shortage
Problems with our agriculture
How to overcome this problem
How to update of agriculture system
Solutions and Suggestions

Food is the essential thing which every one of us requires to keep himself alive. It is the basic need of every individual and every country. If we do not get food for a few days, we are likely to die.

Unfortunately, food shortage is a great problem in the world. There are many countries in the world where self-sufficiency in food is not present. Pakistan is one of those countries. We have to import wheat and other foodstuffs from other countries. However, we do not suffer from the shortage of food. Our government is alive on this issue They arrange sufficient quantity of food for its people. There are many countries in the world which are hit by starvation and famine.

The developing countries of Asia and Africa are facing this problem. The reasons for food shortage are many and some of them are as under:-

Firstly, The population of the world is increasing at a very rapid rate. There are more mouths to feed than the food which is available. The result is hunger and starvation. The most densely populated countries of the world have to face hunger and starvation

Secondly, The shortage of food occurs due to low productivity of certain crops. Wheat is the basic foodstuff in Pakistan, we have not attained self-sufficiency in it. The following factors are responsible for it.

(a) Old and primitive methods of cultivation.

(b) The irrigation system is old and defective. It has never been overhauled to meet the modern needs of agriculture.

(d) The farmers are uneducated and illiterate. They fight shy of using modern methods of cultivation. They keep themselves aloof from the use of tractors and tube wells.

(e) The farmers do not have enough money to purchase better quality of seeds and manure.

(f) The natural calamities too destroy the standing and ripe crops.

The goal of attaining self-sufficiency in food is certainly attainable. It is no doubt a difficult problem. But its challenge must be accepted. There are two typeset measures or means which can be adapted to increase agricultural output. i. Long-term measures. ii. Short-term measures.

The short-term measures are the following. i. We should educate our farmers and convince them to increase the yield of their fields. ii. We should give them loans on easy terms. They should be enabled to buy the better seeds and good quality of manure. iii. We must educate them to use insecticides when their crops are attacked by diseases.

Long-term measures include the following.

i. We must have land reforms. The poor farmers and agricultural labourers must be given some piece of land for cultivation. If a poor person is made the owner of a piece of land he, will get an incentive to work hard at it. ii. irrigation system i.e. the distribution of canal water must be made on fair and just basis. iii. The government should use their knowledge and experience to control floods. iv. The farmers must be provided modern implements of agriculture like tractors harvesters and threshers in easy instalments. If we adopt these measures, we can overcome the shortage of food in our country.

If you are done with Essay on Problem of food shortage then go for Unemployment in Pakistan Essay .

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In many part of the world there is not enough food for everyone. what are the causes and solutions

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malnutrition
food security
population explosion
income disparity
deforestation
soil erosion
fertilizers
subsistence farming
sustainable agriculture
food processing
food preservation
food distribution
public transportation
investments
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Food Shortage Essay Examples

Effective food management strategies in response to the world food crisis.

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