best thesis translation

Thesis Translation: Why? How? When?

Why thesis editing and translation is something you need to think about now.

If you are a graduate student or a postdoctoral fellow at a university outside of the English-speaking world, chances are that you have spent some time thinking about when and whether to translate your research into English. In the humanities and the sciences alike, English is the dominant language of academic scholarship, and few would doubt that there are enormous advantages to producing journal articles and books in English. What younger scholars-in-training increasingly realize is that they also have good reasons to consider taking their first scholarly steps in English, even before their first academic article is published. Indeed, with wise use of thesis translation or thesis editing services, graduate students can get a head start in some very important ways.

Why produce a thesis in English?

Unlike a book or a journal article, a thesis or dissertation only officially needs to be accepted by your university department or your committee. This prevents some graduate students from ‘thinking big’ about the reach of their thesis or dissertation. Many universities outside of the English-speaking world offer the option of submitting a thesis in English, yet some graduate students don’t consider the option seriously. Here are a few reasons why it is worth doing so:

• Wider audience for your thesis itself: While a thesis is not officially a ‘publication’ in the way a book or journal article are, in the 21st century your thesis will be as widely accessible to scholars globally as many academic journals, through ProQuest and other electronic repositories. Scholars looking for the latest research in your field will be much more likely to find – and use – your work if it is available to them online in a language that they can read.
• Future applications: If you are writing an M.A. thesis, chances are that you are thinking about applying to doctoral programs. If you are finishing a doctoral dissertation, you might be thinking about post-doctoral fellowships. Whatever your next step, the application process is likely to require submission of a writing sample. If your best research is already in English, you will be able to use it as part of your application for most programs worldwide.
• Future publication: Of course, most young scholars aspire to eventually publish their research in book or article form. If your thesis is in English, you will have a much wider range of publishers and journals to choose from. And once you are published, your work will be accessible to a wider range of readers.

Thesis translation: How and When?

Convinced? If so, the next question is when and how to go about translating articles into English. There are three main options:

• Thesis Editing: write it in English, then get it edited . If you have good English, you might decide to write your thesis or dissertation in English from the outset. If your supervisor and department give their blessing, this option might be the most efficient. Once your work is completed, you can employ thesis editing services to ensure it has the highest level of polish and clarity.
• Thesis translation before submission . Perhaps you are most comfortable writing in your mother tongue, but still want the advantages of a thesis in English. If so, you can employ thesis translation services as you go along – perhaps on a chapter-by-chapter basis. If your university gives permission, you may be able to submit the English translation as the official version of your thesis.
• Translation after acceptance . Even if your thesis needs to be submitted to your university in another language, it is never too late to produce an English version. When translating an already-accepted thesis into English, you might choose to think about it already as a book manuscript draft (or drafts of a series of articles). In fact, you might even want to edit and alter the original version before sending it for translation, in order to tailor it to your desired publishing house or journals.

In short: A scholarly output in English can be of great benefit, even at the earliest stages of an academic career. And there are many ways to make it happen!

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"Twenty-Two Theses on Translation"

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Ágnes Somló Abstract Nowadays the position of translators has changed significantly in a world of increasing cultural influences and effects of IT. We are gradually translated into a new person, obtaining a kind of multicultural identity, much in the way Salman Rushdie has stated several times, among others in his novel Shame, when describing himself as a " translated man ". The metaphor can also be used in the case of translators and translation proper so the two – translation as a metaphor and translation proper – will partly overlap in this paper. We will attempt to find some explanations for changes generated by migration and try to detect some of their roots in the information revolution defined by technology (IT). Thus I am attracted by the signs of a changing concept of translation, and would make an effort to capture the changing role of translator/interpreter in an increasingly multicultural world. This paper will rely on a train of thought evoked by Salman Rushdie's writings as well as some interviews with him. By elaborating on the state of the individual in Rushdie's system we will examine it and compare it to a more or less similar, albeit more generalized, description of peripheral systems in Even-Zohar's theory. Then continue by touching upon the connection between migration and translation, differentiating different phases as well as periods in the process. And finally, we will look at some ideas in a thought-provoking article by Harish Trivedi dealing with the rudimentary difference between translating culture and cultural translation, and will try to connect them both to previous thoughts concerning changes in the position of translators today. During the past decades our position as translators seems to have drastically changed due to an increasing amount of cultural influences to which we are now exposed as well as the ever accelerating attack of the mass of information worldwide. However, looking at translation from a historical point of view we see that in a way it has always strived to fulfil the task of transmission by crossing borders in nearly all fields of life, whether cultural,

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Master’s Thesis Translation Services

You may need a translation of your master’s thesis for a number of reasons

You may require a translation of your master’s thesis , often called a master’s dissertation, for numerous reasons. Applications for doctorate / PhD programs in a foreign university may require you to provide a translation of your master’s thesis / dissertation. With an increasing number of collaborative research projects, you may require a translation of your master’s thesis to share with your research partners. A translation of your master’s thesis might be required for it to be published in a book or journal. Moreover, for your research to be accessible to a wider audience, a translation of your master’s thesis / dissertation into a more frequently used language, such as English, might be beneficial. Linguation can provide high-quality translation of your master’s thesis / dissertation whatever the reason.

Quality translation of your master’s thesis

The hard work and effort you put into your master’s thesis / dissertation should be recognized. Therefore, you can count on Linguation to ensure that your thesis translation is given the careful consideration it merits and that your final translated thesis is accurate and written in the target language to the highest academic level. For this reason, Linguation will assign a qualified translator with subject expertise in the relevant field of your master’s thesis / dissertation. From our global team of translators, we will allocate a translator able to operate at the required academic level in the necessary academic area and with the ability to adeptly translate the relevant complex topics and concepts.

Linguation offers a secure and reliable online system

Irrelevant of the length of your master’s thesis / dissertation, simply upload your document to Linguation’s safe and secure online system and you will be provided with immediate price information. On confirmation of your order, Linguation will assign a native speaker to the translation of your master’s thesis / dissertation, taking the translator’s qualifications and subject expertise into account. Our translator would be happy to work with a glossary of key terms should you wish to provide one. Let us know prior to the start of the translation and this can be arranged with the translator. Furthermore, for your peace of mind, Linguation’s online service offers a tracking system throughout the translation and quality assurance process.

Guarantee of translation quality

• Sworn translators
• Two-stage quality control
• Free editing service

Do you have questions? Chat with us now: Live Support

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• Master’s in Translation and Interpreting Online

Master's in Translation and Interpreting Online

100% online study.

Want to turn your language skills into a translation or interpreting career? Whether you are interested in business translation, medical translation, conference interpreting, legal translation, literary translation, transcreation, or localization, the online Master's (MS) in Translation & Interpreting offered by the NYU SPS Center for Publishing & Applied Liberal Arts prepares you for a wide range of translation and interpreting careers, from localization to project management. This 36-credit, fully online program provides students with the best of both worlds—the convenience and flexibility of learning on your own terms and at your own pace, while benefiting from a rigorous curriculum, a variety of elective courses tailored to your interests, and the prestige of earning your master’s degree at NYU , one of the world's most respected universities.

Degree Advantages

• Fully online format with opportunities to engage with faculty members and students at regular intervals
• Curricu lum that allows students to study translation from any language into English
• Covers both written translation and the best practices of oral interpreting
• Elective courses that customize your learning experience
• Prepares students for the American Translators Association (ATA) Certification Exam, a language industry-recognized credential
• Taught by faculty members who are professional experts in their fields
• Full-and part-time study options

VIEW FULL CURRICULUM AND DEGREE REQUIREMENTS >

Explore graduate opportunities at nyu sps.

Join an upcoming online session to learn more about our graduate degree program in Translation and Interpreting. As an attendee of an Explore Graduate Opportunities at NYU SPS session, you will meet members of our team and have the opportunity to ask questions about the online program, admission requirements, and application process.

6:00 PM until 7:30 PM EDT  

Graduate Instant Decision Day

Ready to complete and submit your application? During the event, you will have the opportunity to meet with Admissions Officers to discuss your complete application and receive a decision.

6:00 PM - 7:00 PM EDT

Participants must submit a complete application by May 16 to receive a decision during the event.

Who Should Consider Earning the MS in Translation & Interpreting?

Whether you are interested in pursuing a full-time position with a language services provider or prefer the flexibility of a freelance translation and interpreting career, the MS in Translation & Interpreting will prepare you for a professional path in the translation industry, which is growing faster than many other fields. The online program provides students with the professional growth and cutting-edge translation and interpreting skills to work anywhere in the world. In a 2022 survey, we found that 100% of recent MS in Translation & Interpreting graduates reported being employed within six months of graduation.

Student Experiences

Become a language professional.

Faculty members who teach in the online MS in Translation & Interpreting program share their deep expertise with students from around the world. The comprehensive online program focuses on the specialized skills required for translation and interpreting, while thesis advisers provide guidance to students on the subtle nuances of Spanish-to-English translation , Chinese-to-English translation , Arabic-to-English translation , and numerous other language pairs.

Choose From a Wide Range of Elective Courses in Emerging Fields

The online MS in Translation & Interpreting program affords a solid core in theory and practice, terminology, and technology. In addition, the degree's elective courses provide students with the knowledge and tools to succeed in fields such as legal translation , literary translation , transcreation , website localization , machine translation , and financial translation and will provide tremendous flexibility in your translating and interpreting career.

Build a Portfolio of Projects That Demonstrates Your Translation and Interpretation Skills

The online MS in Translation & Interpreting is designed to ensure that you walk away with a comprehensive portfolio of translation projects that truly demonstrate your translation and interpreting skills to prospective employers, organizations, and clients. Your portfolio can be tailored to the area of specialization you choose—from medical translation , literary translation , and legal translation , to transcreation , financial translation , and localization of software and websites .

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is a master's degree in translation and interpreting.

A master's degree in translation and interpreting is a graduate-level academic program designed to provide students and working professionals with advanced training in the fields of translation and interpreting. The New York University SPS MS in Translation and Interpreting online program is intended for students with proficiency in at least one language in addition to English and who seek to develop specialized skill sets in translating written texts and interpreting spoken communication.

What can you do with a Master’s (MS) in Translation and Interpreting?

Once you've completed your MS in Translation & Interpreting, available jobs range from translation and localization to publishing and project management. Whether in law, finance, advertising, or intergovernmental agencies, the great need for translators is creating rewarding freelance and employment opportunities.

What languages are in high demand for translators?

Translators are in high demand across many languages given the global market for these professionals. The MS in Translation & Interpreting is open to applicants who wish to study translation from any language into English. The curriculum features terminology, research, revision, technology, and professionalization skills along with language-specific guidance.

Do translators need a Master’s degree?

Having a Master’s degree sets you apart and shortens the path to success in this rewarding career. Almost half of translators and interpreters surveyed by the American Translators Association hold master’s degrees. The MS in Translation & Interpreting program prepares its students for dynamic careers as highly skilled translators and language specialists.

How can I prepare for the ATA Certification Exam through this program?

Many of our students take the American Translators Association (ATA) Certification Exam , which is a 3-hour test-based credential and an advantageous addition to your resume. By the end of the MS in Translation & Interpreting program, graduates translate at a level that meets the ILR skill descriptions for professional performance.

What is the difference between translation and interpreting?

Translators work with written texts, while interpreters work with the spoken word. Students benefit from exposure to both practices, even though most professionals specialize in either translation or interpreting. In this program, students will master advanced strategies for translating complex documents and gain a foundation in the principles of interpreting.

How can I finance my degree? Are financial aid or scholarships available?

Options for financing the MS in Translation & Interpreting degree include Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), scholarships, private loan options, employer or veterans’ benefits, and New York University payment plans. We encourage students to explore the NYU SPS resources page on Graduate Financial Aid to find more information on financial aid and scholarships.

How does the MS in Translation and Interpreting at NYU differ from other programs?

The Master of Science in Translation and Interpreting at New York University was the first program to offer students a fully online degree in this discipline and has done so since 2012. We are also the only program to offer translation from any source language into English. Students will receive language-specific guidance in independent studies and the thesis project. We also designed the curriculum with the understanding that many translators and interpreters work in multiple language pairs. Our focus is on core skills in research, terminology, revision, technology, and professionalization to support translation from any language, along with the widest range of electives available.

What are the admission requirements for this online MS in Translation and Interpreting?

The NYU SPS Admissions team carefully weighs each component of your application during the admissions review process to evaluate your ability to benefit from and contribute to the dynamic learning environment and the challenging curriculum that the NYU School of Professional Studies offers. Visit the NYU SPS Graduate Application Requirements and Deadlines page for additional information about our admission requirements. Applicants to the MS in Translation and Interpreting should also take the ACTFL Proficiency Test . 

How long does it take to complete the online MS in Translation and Interpreting?

The NYU SPS MS in Translation and Interpreting program usually takes three semesters to complete as a full-time student and two to four years to complete as a part-time student.

Is it worth doing a Master of Science in Translation and Interpreting?

A Master’s degree is the gold standard credential in the language professions. The decision to pursue a Master of Science in Translation and Interpreting depends on your career goals and interests. Meet with professionals in the field and current students to gather insights and learn how completing an online graduate program in translation and interpreting can help you fulfill your aspirations.

Can translators make a lot of money?

Translators' wages vary depending on several factors such as the specialization in which they work and their experience, work structure (freelance vs. salaried), and clientele. For example, salaried professionals working in advertising or computer systems design make $91,390 to $106,540 per year on average, while those working in elementary schools or local government make $56,490 to $63,680 per year on average according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . Freelance language professionals can make into the six figures, according to the American Translators Association .

What language is most in demand for translation?

The demand for translation services can vary depending on factors such as geographic location, industries, and global economic trends. However, certain languages are consistently in high demand due to their widespread use in international business, diplomacy, and cultural exchange. Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic are examples of in-demand languages for translation services. Translators in other languages can specialize and succeed as well. The NYU SPS program has trained students in Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish, and many others, including languages of lesser diffusion.

Will artificial intelligence replace translators?

While AI technologies have made significant advancements in the digital age, they are not likely to replace human translators any time soon. This is because, unlike a professional human translator, AI struggles with nuance, cultural understanding, humor, and creative expression. The future of translation and the language services industry is likely a collaborative one, with human translators and AI working together to provide accurately translated content. The NYU MS in Translation & Interpreting program has integrated AI throughout the curriculum, including in particular the Core courses in Translation Technologies and The Language Professions and electives from Transcreation and Marketing Translation to Patent Translation to Post-Editing Machine Translation. The teaching of up-to-date technologies, including AI, is a key component of our program’s learning outcomes. We also hold events about AI in the Professions .

Is being a translator a stressful job?

Our faculty and students report that translation careers are joyful, creative, and rewarding. Being a translator can be challenging, and the level of stress varies like any job, but translation is ultimately a fulfilling career that leverages your multilingual skills. Since many translators and interpreters are self-employed, you will also have options to take control of your career. The NYU Master’s program in Translation & Interpreting helps students track toward freelance or full-time employment based on your personal situation and preferences. 

How do I start a career in translation?

To start a career in translation, it's crucial to be fluent in at least two languages. From there, you can obtain a formal education to build your foundation and establish yourself as a professional in the field.

How many years does it take to become a translator?

The time it takes to become a translator can vary. Many translators start their profession by earning a bachelor's degree in any field and then pursue a Master’s degree in Translation & Interpreting to dive into a specialization of their interest.

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Your request has been submitted, department highlights, translating 'the beast within: humans as animals': interview with alison duncan, international product development manager & french to english translator, finding a place to rest: fostering brave spaces to find and utilize our voices, embracing every hue: liberating imposter syndrome, intersectionality, & borders through storytelling, press start to video game localization with marina ilari, translation and interpreting faculty member alejandra oliva publishes rivermouth: a chronicle of language, faith, and migration, pala academic director of continuing education jenny mcphee’s translation of elsa morante’s novel ‘lies and sorcery’ wins accolades, scribe at spirit week: the translated and queer/banned book expo, pala student bethany fisher pursues nyu sps master’s degree to help give a voice to marshallese people, ms in translation & interpreting student justin sergi publishes translation in asymptote, translators in the digital age: interview with faculty member elizabeth lowe, pala alum spotlight: mariam moustafa, ms in translation & interpreting, elizabeth hsu, ms in translation and interpreting graduate, selected as 2023 flag bearer, navigating peacekeeping and climate change through translation, ai in the professions: professional writing, translation, and the new face of content creation, pala faculty spotlight: barbara inge karsch, ms in translation & interpreting, ms in translation & interpreting student judith santos awarded the malkemes scholarship for fall 2022, take the next step.

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School of Arts & Sciences

Literary Translation Program

Graduate programs.

• Graduate Program

Master of Arts in Literary Translation

The master of arts in literary translation (MALTS) program has three components:

• Annotated thesis translation

The core introduces you to the theories and problems of literary translation, giving you the framework to work on a series of translations independently and in consultation with your advisor. You also take a writing workshop to hone your writing skills not only as a literal translator but as a translator of literature.

For elective requirements, you may pursue at an advanced level of specific national literatures and of international literature as a global phenomenon. You may also elect to work as an intern at a literary press.

The annotated thesis translation is a book-length literary translation into English, accompanied by commentary addressing the particular problems you encountered with the work and a description of your resolution. It is expected that the thesis will be of near publishable quality. The very best theses will be considered for publication by the  Open Letter  press.

Program Requirements

See the courses page for course descriptions.  

Core (12 Credits)

LTST 400: Studies in Translation (four credits) LTST 401: Independent Project and Translation Portfolio (four credits)

Plus one of the following:

• LTST 402 ( fiction ): Writing and Translation Workshop (four credits)
• LTST 403 ( poetry ): Writing and Translation Workshop (four credits)

Electives (12 Credits)

LTST 4XX: Studies in International Literature (Four or Eight Credits)

Focusing on literary works from a number of different national cultures, these courses, which are offered through several departments and change from semester to semester, explore the interactions of literatures from different national contexts.

LTST 4XX: Advanced Literary Studies (Four or Eight Credits)

In consultation with an advisor, students can choose graduate literature courses at the 400 level or higher from modern languages and cultures , English , and/or religion and classics .

LTST 410: Publishing Internships (Four Credits)

MALTS students interested in pursuing a career in translating or publishing are encouraged to participate in one of the following internship programs:

• Editorial Internships with the University’s Open Letter press —Editorial interns will have the opportunity to research literature from around the world and to work with international publishers and foreign agencies to obtain information on untranslated authors. Interns will be responsible for reading and reporting on untranslated texts, providing sample translations of books under consideration, and writing for the LTST/Open Letter website.
• International publishing internships —A limited number of international internships may also be available to MALTS students at publishing houses in France, Germany, Spain, Mexico, Italy, and Japan.
• Domestic publishing internships —MALTS students may be able to intern with US publishing houses or literary magazines involved in international literature, such as New Directions, Archipelago Books, and Graywolf.

Thesis (Six Credits)

LTST 495: Master’s Dissertation

Under the direction of an advisor, students complete a book-length translation of a complete work or of a significant selection of a complete work large enough to be presented to a press for publication. The translation will be accompanied by an analysis addressing the significant theoretical and practical problems encountered in the work’s translation. The translation should also contain a short critical introduction, which will address issues such as:

• The selection of author
• The selection of texts in the case of a thesis that is not a translation of a stand-alone work
• The balance of cultural and linguistic fidelity with literary readability
• How the translation itself is a new way of understanding the source text
• Translation as literary theory
• Potential appeal and market of the translation

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Thesis Translation Services

High quality thesis translation services by professional thesis translators. Tomedes provides the best thesis translation quotes. Get the best combination of low cost, high quality and fast delivery language translation services from Tomedes.

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Thesis Translation Services Facilitate Global Academic Collaborations

Thesis translation requirement is growing with every passing day due to the ever-increasing number of people who are willing to work or collaborate on projects in foreign countries. For example, an American researcher working with his Chinese counterpart living in China might require getting his thesis translated for the benefit of his colleague. This is just one instance out of many where a thesis translation might be required.

A thesis can be in any subject and it is not possible for a single language service provider to provide services for all kinds of thesis that fall in the area of his/her working languages. While entrusting a professional thesis translation provider with your research you should not only confirm his/her expertise in the required language pair but also in the area of the subject with which your thesis deals. If a thesis translation is not undertaken by an expert, then one can expect errors to creep into the translated documents which can lead to other problems.

Why Choose Us

Integrity and academic formatting.

We ensure that our thesis translations uphold academic integrity, maintaining the original content's structure, referencing style, and scholarly conventions, respecting the true essence of your work.

Expertise and Precision

Our team has subject matter experts providing accurate translations, diligently conveying complex concepts. We guarantee a comprehensive review process for high-quality output.

Language Mastery

Proficiency in both source and target languages is our forte. We deliver fluent translations that meticulously preserve the integrity of your original research.

Secure and Confidential

Your research's security is our priority. We have stringent data protection measures in place to safeguard your work's confidentiality throughout the translation process.

Get started on your thesis translation project

Providing high quality translation services for low rates is the single objective of Tomedes. We are here to make the translation process easy for both translation buyers and service providers. Let us know what your needs are and we’ll happily help. 

Thesis Translation Across Disciplines

In our commitment to global knowledge sharing, our subject matter experts adeptly translate a broad range of thesis types, encompassing every academic discipline and research field.

Institutions We Usually Support

From academia to tech companies, diverse sectors globally require accurate thesis translation services. Our proficiency spans multiple disciplines, assisting universities, research institutes, legal firms, multinational corporations, and international organizations, among others.

Here are some common questions clients ask us:

How do you guarantee that my translated thesis is error free?

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Translation Studies MPhil/PhD

London, Bloomsbury

At the UCL Centre for Translation Studies (CenTraS), we enjoy an international reputation for the quality of our research and teaching in a wide range of translation and interpreting-related subjects, as well as translation technology.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

• Entry requirements

A Master’s degree with Merit (ideally Distinction) in translation studies, in a language and culture subject or other relevant field from a UK university, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard. Admission is dependent on the submission of a detailed research project proposal and applicants must have the agreement of their potential supervisor before submitting a formal application.

The English language level for this programme is: Level 4

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

Research proposals which engage with theoretical, linguistic and technical aspects of translation and interpreting are welcomed. Examples of current research projects undertaken by PhD students in Translation Studies include the translation of humour in video games, the subtitling of gender stereotypes, translating British and American science fiction, exploring the notion of reflexivity in translation, and translating political speeches.

How to apply:

As a first step, please complete the Online Enquiry Form, which will be considered at our next regular PhD supervisors meeting. PhD places are tightly limited and we are only able to encourage those with outstanding research proposals to move ahead to a formal application to UCL. Please therefore take care to present a fully developed 500-word summary of your project as part of this enquiry. Further information on writing research proposals can be found in the ' Need to Know ' box on our Postgraduate Research page. Please do not apply formally to UCL until you have received a response regarding your initial enquiry.

Who this course is for

This MPhil/PhD is for applicants with a strong interest in conducting multi-disciplinary research, who may have completed post-graduate training or study and want to develop an advanced critical analysis in a specific translation research area. The programme is for applicants with a background or interest in translation theory and history; audio visual translation; literary translation and performance; translation technology; languages and interpreting. It is suitable for both recent Masters graduates as well as early or mid-career professionals.

What this course will give you

Located in the heart of multicultural London, UCL provides a uniquely rich environment for researching translation and interpreting in all its facets. Doctoral students can draw on a broad and diverse range of expertise from the Centre for Translation Studies (CenTraS), the Centre for Multidisciplinary and Intercultural Inquiry (CMII) and the School of European Languages, Culture and Society (SELCS).

Students are supported by a dynamic research culture, a stimulating environment and excellent opportunities for research training. UCL runs numerous seminar series and guest lectures, and researchers have access to state-of-the-art translation technology as well as world-class libraries, including those at UCL itself, the British Library, the School of Advanced Study, and the School of Oriental and African Studies.

The foundation of your career

The programme provides students with a range of professional and academic skills that will enable them to pursue careers in translation, higher education, government agencies, non-governmental organisations, international bodies, and other institutions around the world.

Recent PhD graduates have gone on to pursue postdoctoral study, have obtained lectureships in translation studies at reputable universities in the UK and abroad (Australia, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan), and have joined companies such as British Telecom, Expedia and Paramount.

Employability

With the research training and experience gained during the PhD, students are excellently placed to pursue a career in the fields of academia and professional translating and interpreting.

Translation PhD students will acquire extensive transferable skills, including the ability to analyse and process vast amounts of data, to teach courses in their field of expertise, to present research to small and large audiences, to network with diverse groups. This ample and highly adaptable skill base gives students an unparalleled edge and employment opportunities.  

UCL is extremely well positioned to offer students opportunities for networking and to establish academic and professional contacts. Supervision and mentorship is available from world-leading researchers, with 83% of SELCS-CMII research activity being graded 4* ‘world leading’ and 3* ‘internationally excellent’ in the REF 2021.

PhD students are actively involved in attending and organising seminar series and guest lectures, and have the opportunity to liaise with world-renowned scholars and experts in the field of translation and interpreting. Students have opportunities to engage in numerous projects involving research such as Global Health and Crisis Translation, Audio-visual Translation, as well as translation technology and theory.

Teaching and learning

Research students undertake relevant induction sessions and can take advantage of the Doctoral Skills Development Programme. PhD students meet regularly in term time with their supervisors and may be offered opportunities to gain valuable teaching experience and participate in reading groups and conferences.

To successfully upgrade to a PhD you are required to submit a piece of writing (this is usually based on one chapter from your thesis and a chapter plan for the remainder). You are also required to present and answer questions about this work to a panel consisting of your subsidiary supervisor and another member of the Faculty who acts as an independent assessor.

PhD students should treat their research programme as a full-time job, which equates roughly to 35 hours per week, or 15 hours for Part-time students. Students agree to a timetable of regular meetings with the Principal Supervisor to effectively manage the progression of project aims. This is flexible, at some points it may be necessary to meet more or less often.

Full-time students can expect to meet supervisors every two weeks during the academic year, and part-time students every four weeks. If a student has external funding, they should also ensure they meet the Terms & Conditions of the funder.

Research areas and structure

UCL offers expertise in translation technology, audiovisual translation, localisation, literary and theatre translation, history of translation, translator and interpreting training, technical and scientific translation, translation and accessibility to the media, translation theory.

Research environment

Research students are encouraged to participate in research seminars and networks across and outside SELCS-CMII. Students contribute significantly to the research environment through the organisation of annual conferences, and participation in seminars and online journals. 

Our Transcluster, a suite of 60 IT stations, is equipped with cutting-edge eye-tracking equipment and programmes, developed specifically for CenTraS staff and research students. Students can access special collections at UCL and other world-class libraries (Senate House and British Library) within walking distance of campus. As well as access to research support in the form of academic skills courses, student-led workshops and reading groups.

The length of registration for the research degree programmes is usually three years for full-time and five years for part-time. You are required to register initially for the MPhil degree with the expectation of transfer to PhD after successful completion of an upgrade viva 9-18 months after initial registration.

Upon successful completion of your approved period of registration you may register as a completing research student (CRS) while you write up your thesis

In the first year, you will be required to take part in a mandatory Skills Seminar Programme. You are expected to agree with your supervisor the basic structure of your research project, an appropriate research method and a realistic plan of work. You will produce and submit a detailed outline of your proposed research to your supervisor for their comments and feedback and be given the opportunity to present your research to UCL academic staff and fellow PhD students

In the second year, you will be expected to upgrade from MPhil to a PhD. To successfully upgrade to a PhD you are required to submit a piece of writing (this is usually based on one chapter from your thesis and a chapter plan for the remainder). You are also required to present and answer questions about this work to a panel consisting of your subsidiary supervisor and another member of the Faculty who acts as an independent assessor.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

Additional costs may include expenses such as books, stationery, printing or photocopying, and conference registration fees.

The department strives to keep additional costs low. Books and journal articles are usually available via the UCL library (hard copies or via e-journal subscriptions).

The wealth of departmental seminars / colloquiums / symposiums and student organised work in progress sessions give ample opportunities to present research, receive feedback and participate in discussion.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

For more details about departmental funding available to postgraduate research students in the department, please refer to our Funding, Scholarships and Prizes (Research) webpage .

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

Quirk PhD Scholarship

Deadline: 26 January 2024 Value: Fees and maintenance (3yrs) Criteria Based on both academic merit and financial need Eligibility: UK

All applicants must identify and contact potential supervisors before making their application. For more information see our ' Need to Know ' page.

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

Choose your programme

Please read the Application Guidance before proceeding with your application.

Year of entry: 2024-2025

Got questions get in touch.

Centre for Multidisciplinary and Intercultural Inquiry

[email protected]

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Quoting and Translating Languages Other than English in PhD Theses

Posted by Rene Tetzner | Nov 11, 2021 | PhD Success | 0 |

8.4 Quoting and Translating Languages Other than English

Many doctoral candidates will need to quote material from languages other than modern English in their theses, so some advice on quoting and translating such material may prove useful. Generally speaking, the rules, principles and practices used when quoting passages in English should be applied when quoting foreign languages as well, so all that I have said about quotations in the earlier sections of this chapter applies here as well. There may, however, be special characters, diacritics and particular conventions to follow for certain languages: for more information on the use of foreign languages in English texts, see Butcher et al. (2006, Section 6.6 and Appendices 5, 7, 9 and 10), the Chicago Manual of Style (2003, Chapter 10) and Ritter (2005, Chapter 12), all of which contain lists of the alphabets and special characters used in particular languages. The assumption behind quoting material in languages other than English is that the quotations will be understood by the intended audience, which means that those readers will need to be fluent or specialists in the language quoted and/or the topic discussed: in a literary study of a German author, for instance, it can usually be assumed that interested readers will understand the original language, and in a thesis aimed at classicists, it is most likely that passages in Greek and Latin will be accessible to those readers. You should therefore have a good idea of who your intended readers are and what languages they are likely to read; if you think English translations will help your readers understand the quotations you use and thus your argument and thesis as a whole, it is wise to provide such translations.

In many cases, providing an English translation of a passage originally in a foreign language is more appropriate than quoting the original language. You should, however, inform readers that they are reading a translation, which is usually done by quoting from a reliable published English translation and providing an appropriate reference. As a general rule, only if an available translation is unsuitable for your purposes should the passages you wish to quote be newly translated. If you do use your own translations in your thesis, you should include some indication that the translation is your own. This can be achieved most easily immediately after a translated quotation by adding in parentheses along with the reference or in a note ‘my translation’ or ‘translation mine.’ If you have yourself translated all of the quotations from non-English texts (or from any one non-English text) that you use in your thesis, an explanation in conjunction with the first instance (whether with the parenthetical reference or in a note) can explain the situation: ‘All translations of passages quoted from foreign languages are my own’ would work or perhaps ‘Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Les Misérables are my own.’ Remember that while previously published English translations and your own new English translations of foreign texts are acceptable for quotation in scholarly writing, retranslations are not: for example, if a book was originally published in English, but you have used it in a German translation, any quotations from that book should nonetheless be taken from the original English, not translated back into English from the German translation (the German translation might be included along with the original source in your reference list, however).

If language is a focus in your thesis or quotations are discussed in detail, you may want to provide both the original language and a translation of any quotations. There are various different ways of supplying this combination: the foreign language or the translation might precede the other; the original might be provided in full with only partial translations or the translation might be complete with only occasional words from the original; the original and the translation might both be embedded or set as block quotations, or one might appear in the text in one of these forms while the other is relegated to a note; translations of poetry might take the form of verse or prose, and for quotations from Middle or Old English texts, a more modern version of difficult words might be provided as glosses. The following are common formats and practices for providing foreign-language and translated quotations:

• Original and translation of an entire quotation: whether the original language or the translated version is provided first in the text, the other should normally follow and be enclosed in either parentheses or square brackets. University or department guidelines will rarely indicate a preference for square brackets or parentheses in such situations, but style guides seem to recommend parentheses more often than square brackets, as in the following example: In Watts (1912, p.462) the line reads ‘Dicebam haec, et flebam, amarissima contritione cordis mei (I was saying these things and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart).’ When square brackets are used, they tend to be used more often in displayed quotations, while parentheses are the usual choice for the second version in embedded quotations. Occasionally, a slash with spaces on both sides is used between the original and translated versions of a quotation, in which case no brackets are necessary – ‘Dicebam haec, et flebam, amarissima contritione cordis mei / I was saying these things and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart’ – but this is rare compared with the use of brackets and parentheses. If the second version in a block quotation is the original language, it can be set in italics instead of brackets, and while this may be acceptable for distinguishing the original language in such situations, quotations in any language should not usually be set in italic font. If the second version of a quotation (either in the original language or a translation) is presented in a note instead of in the main text, no brackets are used in the note; instead, the passage in the note should be placed in quotation marks.

• Original, translation and reference: if a second version of a quotation, whether it is the original or a translation, is needed as well as a parenthetical reference, there are four possibilities. The second version of the quotation can be provided in square brackets and the reference in parentheses; both can be provided in the same set of parentheses with a semicolon separating the two; each can be provided in a separate set of parentheses with the closing parenthesis of the first backing onto the opening one of the second; or either the second version or the reference can be provided in a note instead. The first and last of these methods are probably the best in terms of both clarity and style, with the first taking this form: ‘Dicebam haec, et flebam, amarissima contritione cordis mei [I was saying these things and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart]’ (Watts, 1912, p.462).
• Entire original or translation with partial translation or original: when either the original language or the translation of an entire quotation is provided along with only certain words of the translation or the original, parentheses or square brackets are used inside the main quotation to enclose the words provided from the other version. This method is also the preferred method for providing modern equivalents of Old and Middle English words. The added words often appear in italic font, especially if they represent the foreign language, in which case italics allow you to use the nominative form of a word from an inflected language (see Section 6.2.2 above), but roman font and/or quotation marks can be used instead, particularly for translated words. Parentheses seem to be the most common choice for such interpolated words, whether they are in the original language or translations – ‘I was saying these things ( haec ) and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart ( cor )’ – and parentheses in such situations have the advantage of distinguishing the foreign or translated words from other interpolations or comments that you may need to add in square brackets. Though used less frequently than parentheses for adding original or translated words, square brackets are nonetheless appropriate for this purpose because the words from the second version are interpolated into the quotation, and such brackets are especially appropriate if you wish to offer any comments along with the words from the second version. If, however, either parentheses or square brackets are used for other purposes in the quoted passage (parentheses for parenthetical information provided by the original author, for example, or square brackets for variant readings that you include), it will be clearest not to use that type of bracket for words from the original text or a translation as well.
• Quotation marks: when quoting and translating foreign languages in the form of block quotations in the main text of a thesis, no quotation marks are necessary around either the original or the translation. If, however, original and translated versions are embedded in your text or presented in a note, quotation marks should be placed around both. Often the quotation marks enclose the whole structure, with the opening quotation mark placed at the beginning of the first version quoted and the closing quotation mark placed after the closing parenthesis or bracket surrounding the second version, as in this example: In Watts (1912, p.462) the line reads ‘Dicebam haec, et flebam, amarissima contritione cordis mei (I was saying these things and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart).’ This is certainly the format that should be adopted if square brackets are used to enclose the second version, and it is also the best approach when partial translations or occasional original words are interpolated (either in parentheses or square brackets) in an embedded quotation (see my example using the same Latin passage in the preceding bulleted paragraph). When, however, an original version or translation follows the other and is enclosed in parentheses, two sets of quotation marks are sometimes used, with the first surrounding the first version and the second appearing within the parentheses and enclosing the second version: ‘Dicebam haec, et flebam, amarissima contritione cordis mei’ (‘I was saying these things and weeping in the bitterest contrition of my heart’).

Although it may be appropriate in a single thesis to use one format for quoting a foreign language in one situation and a different one in another, or to provide more of the original or more of the translation in one case than in another in order to communicate whatever might be necessary to enable readers to understand the quotations you use, consistency of style and practice should be observed as much as possible throughout a thesis. The consistent use of brackets (parentheses or square) for the same purposes in all quotations presented in a thesis is particularly important for ensuring that the source is accurately represented and the reader is able to determine what is intended in each case, so their use needs to be carefully planned to accommodate all the situations presented by the quoted passages, and any remaining anomalies should be clearly explained. Finally, your own translations of any quotations should represent the original as faithfully as possible, achieve a scholarly standard of correct English (with allowances for informal speech or writing if that is what you happen to be quoting) and present the material in the way that best serves your particular purposes and supports or advances your overall argument.

PRS Tip: If your thesis contains your own translations of quotations (or even a selection of words or phrases) borrowed from a language other than English and you are planning to engage the services of a professional proofreader, it is always a good idea to let the proofreader know that the translations are your own. An acknowledgement of the kind I have recommended above indicating that the translations are your own will communicate this fact to your proofreader as it does to other readers, but you may want to make your translating activities more explicit in any instructions you provide for your proofreader so that he or she feels free to check and correct if necessary the English of your translations. This is especially important if your first language is not English, because it is often difficult to express in a language with which you are less familiar the subtleties or profundity of the quotations that you have deemed worthy of use. If you also quote a passage in its original language, your proofreader may be able to judge how accurately you have conveyed the original author’s meaning (many of the proofreaders used by PRS, for instance, read and work in other languages as well as English), but even if the original is not available to your proofreader, he or she will be able to determine whether your translation is clear and grammatically correct, and also whether it expresses what other aspects of your text suggest the quotation should express. You can then compare your proofreader’s suggestions with the original text and make whatever adjustments might be necessary. Dealing with translated material is only one among many reasons to treat yourself to the proofreading services offered by PRS, which are quick, affordable and completely confidential. The PRS drop box at https://www.hightail.com/u/CEDS offers a safe and efficient way to submit your writing for proofreading, and the PRS team is more than happy to answer questions and provide any help you may need 24 hours a day from Monday to Friday. Please visit the PRS web site at http://www.proof-reading-service.com for further information.

Why PhD Success?

To Graduate Successfully

This article is part of a book called "PhD Success" which focuses on the writing process of a phd thesis, with its aim being to provide sound practices and principles for reporting and formatting in text the methods, results and discussion of even the most innovative and unique research in ways that are clear, correct, professional and persuasive.

The assumption of the book is that the doctoral candidate reading it is both eager to write and more than capable of doing so, but nonetheless requires information and guidance on exactly what he or she should be writing and how best to approach the task. The basic components of a doctoral thesis are outlined and described, as are the elements of complete and accurate scholarly references, and detailed descriptions of writing practices are clarified through the use of numerous examples.

The basic components of a doctoral thesis are outlined and described, as are the elements of complete and accurate scholarly references, and detailed descriptions of writing practices are clarified through the use of numerous examples. PhD Success provides guidance for students familiar with English and the procedures of English universities, but it also acknowledges that many theses in the English language are now written by candidates whose first language is not English, so it carefully explains the scholarly styles, conventions and standards expected of a successful doctoral thesis in the English language.

Individual chapters of this book address reflective and critical writing early in the thesis process; working successfully with thesis supervisors and benefiting from commentary and criticism; drafting and revising effective thesis chapters and developing an academic or scientific argument; writing and formatting a thesis in clear and correct scholarly English; citing, quoting and documenting sources thoroughly and accurately; and preparing for and excelling in thesis meetings and examinations. 

Completing a doctoral thesis successfully requires long and penetrating thought, intellectual rigour and creativity, original research and sound methods (whether established or innovative), precision in recording detail and a wide-ranging thoroughness, as much perseverance and mental toughness as insight and brilliance, and, no matter how many helpful writing guides are consulted, a great deal of hard work over a significant period of time. Writing a thesis can be an enjoyable as well as a challenging experience, however, and even if it is not always so, the personal and professional rewards of achieving such an enormous goal are considerable, as all doctoral candidates no doubt realise, and will last a great deal longer than any problems that may be encountered during the process.

Interested in Proofreading your PhD Thesis? Get in Touch with us

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Rene Tetzner

Rene Tetzner's blog posts dedicated to academic writing. Although the focus is on How To Write a Doctoral Thesis, many other important aspects of research-based writing, editing and publishing are addressed in helpful detail.

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Best thesis award

The EAMT annually invites entries for the Anthony C Clarke award: EAMT Best Thesis Award, for a PhD or equivalent thesis on a topic related to machine translation.

Eligible researchers should:

• have completed a PhD (or equivalent) thesis on a relevant topic in a European, Northern African or Middle Eastern institution within the calendar year specified by the call,
• have not previously won another international award for that thesis, and,
• be a member of the EAMT at the time of submission.

The call for researchers that completed a PhD thesis in 2023 is open .

Previous EAMT Best Thesis awardees

• 2023 : Biao Zhang : “Towards Efficient Universal Neural Machine Translation” (University of Edinburgh, UK), supervised by Dr Rico Sennrich and Dr Ivan Titov
• 2022 : Danielle Saunders : “Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation” (University of Cambridge, UK), supervised by Bill Byrne
• Maha Elbayad : “Rethinking the Design of Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Efficient Machine Translation” (University Grenoble Alpes, France), supervised by Laurent Besacier and Jakob Verbeek
• Mattia Antonino Di Gangi : “Neural Speech Translation: From Neural Machine Translation to Direct Speech Translation” (University of Trento, Italy), supervised by Marcello Federico, Marco Turchi and Matteo Negri
• 2020 : Felix Stahlberg : “The Roles of Language Models and Hierarchical Models in Neural Sequence-to-Sequence Prediction” (University of Cambridge), supervised by Bill Byrne and with Phil Woodland as advisor.
• 2019 : Longyue Wang : “Discourse-Aware Neural Machine Translation” (Dublin City University – now at Tencent AI Lab), supervised by Andy Way (Dublin City University) and Qun Liu (Dublin City University – now at Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab).
• 2018: Daniel Emilio Beck : “Gaussian Processes for Text Regression” (University of Sheffield), supervised by Lucia Specia (University of Sheffield, UK) and Trevor Cohn (University of Melboune, Australia).
• 2017: José Guilherme Camargo de Souza : “Adaptive Quality Estimation for Machine Translation and Automatic Speech Recognition” (University of Trento and FBK, Italy), supervised by Matteo Negri, Marco Turchi and Marcello Federico.
• 2016: Fabienne Braune : “Decoding Strategies for Syntax-based Statistical Machine Translation” (LMU Munich, Germany), supervised by Andreas Maletti and Alexander Fraser.
• 2015: Christian Hardmeier : “Discourse in Statistical Machine Translation” (Uppsala University, Sweden), supervised by Joakim Nivre and Jörg Tiedemann.
• 2014: Gennadi Lembersky : “The Effect of Translationese on Statistical Machine Translation” (University of Haifa, Israel), supervised by Shuly Wintner.
• 2013: unassigned
• 2012: Abby Levenberg :”Stream-based Statistical Machine Translation” (University of Edinburgh, UK), supervised by Miles Osborne.

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Best Translation Methods for Websites Explained

Direct translation techniques vs indirect translation techniques, which are the direct translation techniques, #1 literal translation, #2 borrowing, #3 calque/ loan translation, what are the indirect translation techniques, #1 modulation, #2 transposition, #3 equivalence/ reformulation, #4 compensation, #5 adaptation, #6 reduction, #7 transcreation, the best translation methods for websites, #1 human translation, #2 machine translation (mt), #3 machine translation post-editing (mtpe), how can transifex help you translate your website, what are the most common translation methods, what type of translation is most difficult, should i translate my urls, what languages are the most needed for translation.

If you want to expand into foreign markets, translating your website is one of the first things you should consider. There are several translation methods and tools you can leverage. 

But, with so many options, you might feel overwhelmed. 

Rest assured, this article answers all the questions you may have, including: What are the best translation techniques? What are the differences between them? And what translation methods can you use to translate your website into different languages? 

Let’s begin!

You can choose either a direct or an indirect translation technique to translate your website . But what’s the difference between them?

Direct translation techniques are recommended when the sentence structure of the source language can be used in the target language with the same meaning. 

Indirect translation techniques (or oblique translation techniques) are recommended when the source language is very different from the target language text. This means you should take several cultural nuances into account.

Also, it would be best if you made the appropriate changes in the text’s structural or conceptual elements and grammatical structure, ensuring the meaning is preserved in the foreign language.

The direct translation techniques are literal translation, borrowing, and calque. Let’s see each technique’s unique characteristics!

Literal translation is an accurate and straightforward word-for-word translation technique. The original text is translated directly into the target language, maintaining its meaning, grammar, and structure. 

One can’t use literal translation for every language, as it doesn’t consider the original text’s nuances. However, it is suitable for languages with similar syntax rules and cultural characteristics.

In borrowing, the original text’s words, phrases, and expressions from the source language are used intact in the target language text.

One can use this technique when the words or phrases on a multilingual website don’t have an equivalent in the target languages. Examples of borrowed English words are: 

• Robot (borrowed from Chez)
• Zero (borrowed from Arabic)
• Hamburger (borrowed from German)

Although calque is similar to borrowing, those two translation techniques differ. In calque, the borrowed word is translated into the target language, while in borrowing, the word remains the same.

Calque works best with words and phrases that can be translated without losing their original meaning. For example, in English, ‘Adam’s apple’ can be translated into French as ‘pomme d’Adam’.

However, it should not be used for phrases that are difficult to understand or that cannot be translated literally from one language to another.

Indirect translation techniques help adjust a website’s original texts to match the target audience’s grammatical rules and cultural nuances by changing structural and conceptual elements. 

Choosing the right indirect translation technique can make all the difference in engaging with foreign audiences and breaking language barriers. It ensures the preservation of a brand’s messaging!

The oblique translation techniques are modulation, transposition, equivalence/reformulation, compensation, adaptation, reduction, and transcreation. What are the differences between them?

In modulation, a different phrase is used in the target language than in the original language, aiming to express the same meaning. For example, the English word ‘lifestyle’ can be translated into French as ‘train de vie’.

Although literal translation may be grammatically correct, adapting it to the target language with modulation makes it sound more natural. That makes the text easier to read and understand, ensuring the reader won’t be confused by phrases that sound unnatural!

In transposition, the order of the words in a sentence changes to match the grammatical and syntax rules of the target language. In other words, the original meaning is preserved, but the original sentence structure is modified. For example, ‘red ball’ is translated as ‘boule rouge’ in French.

Transposition is a good option for languages with different grammatical structures. Nevertheless, the translator must be familiar with the rules of the target culture to make the appropriate changes in the words’ order.

Like modulation, equivalence or reformulation aims to find the equivalent of an original phrase in the target language without changing the meaning.

A form of idiomatic translation, equivalence/reformulation uses creative ways to preserve the meaning of the source language’s phrases. It is one of the most popular oblique translation techniques used in marketing translation , as local idioms or expressions can be translated to make sense to the target audience!

When a word or phrase can’t be translated into the target language, compensation is a good option. Translators who use compensation find ways to express the meaning of these words or phrases in another part of the text. This way, they help readers understand the nuances that can’t be translated literally.  

An example of this is the different words used in several languages to express the word ‘you’, depending on the level of formality. The French, for instance, use the word ‘tu’ for informal conversations and the word ‘vous’ for formal. 

Of course, the translator needs to know the cultural context and nuances of the target language and the source language to translate the text in a culturally appropriate manner.

Similar to the equivalence/reformulation translation method, in adaptation, the translator translates the original text considering the cultural context of the target language. That means the translated text should sound natural to native readers while preserving the original meaning. 

To achieve that, the translator should adapt many phrases, idioms, and jokes to the target audience’s culture so that they can understand them. 

In reduction, the translator cuts words or phrases considered redundant in the target language. This translation technique requires experience and precision, as there’s always the risk of important information and messages being lost in translation.

Thus, the translator should be careful and remove only what’s unnecessary, ensuring the original message is preserved in the translated text!

Transcreation combines translation and creation to adapt the original text to the cultural context of the target language. In transcreation, translators don’t simply translate the text but create a new one, maintaining the context, tone, and intent.

The main advantage of this technique is that the new text keeps the original message and the emotions associated with it while resonating with the target audience. This helps brands create culturally relevant website content that boosts user engagement.

There are 3 popular translation methods you can use for translating your website as part of your localization strategy. 

Human translation is done by professional translators or native speakers familiar with the nuances of the target and the source language. 

The main advantages of human translation are:

• Highly accurate translation method
• The best option for fields that require technical translation
• Very creative
• The translated text can be adapted to different tones of voice and writing styles
• Can be used for SEO-friendly content creation
• Aligned with the context
• Effectively communicates the brand’s message to the target language

Contrary to human translation, machine translation is done by computer programs that can translate content automatically.

The biggest advantages of machine translation are:

• The translation process is fast
• Can detect and translate the entire content of a website
• Cost-effective word-for-word translation approach
• The translated text can be post-edited
• Good option for websites with a large number of pages

Machine translation post-editing is the combination of human and machine translation . This method marries the benefits of the two methods, offering a high accuracy level while being fast and cost-effective. 

In machine translation post-editing, the text is initially translated by a machine translation engine and then edited and perfected by human translators. Machine translation post-editing (MTPE) is popular because it combines the speed of machine translation with the linguistic and cultural knowledge of human translators!

#4 AI-driven translation and QA

While human and machine translation offers valuable solutions, AI-powered translation takes it a step further. It utilizes advanced neural networks and machine learning to improve continuously, analyzing vast amounts of data to deliver accurate and natural-sounding translations.

This method provides several advantages:

Superior Quality: AI uses historical data and continuous learning to enhance the quality and speed of translations over time. It adapts to feedback and evolving language usage, ensuring that translations remain current and relevant.

Scalability and Speed: AI can handle massive volumes of text quickly and efficiently, making it ideal for businesses with ever-growing content needs.

Cost-Effectiveness: AI can streamline QA/review workflows and automate translations, minimizing human interference and consequently reducing translation and transcreation costs compared to traditional methods.

While the speed and cost benefits of AI-driven translation are undeniable, there’s a valid concern: the potential loss of nuance, cultural sensitivity, and brand-specific voice. Generic machine-generated content won’t win hearts and minds in a new market. For truly effective localization, you need an AI tool , like Transifex, that is specifically designed to produce human-quality content tailored to your unique needs.

By leveraging your glossary, translation memory, company profile, and labeled training data, Transifex provides a differentiated experience compared to simply being a front-end to LLMs or MT engines.

Do you want to translate your website into the languages your target audience speaks and expand your brand across the globe?

At Transifex, we help you streamline the translation process of your website from one language to another with precise AI-powered human-quality translations that reduce time-to-market. 

Use the powerful Transifex AI tool now and start creating culturally relevant SEO-friendly content that resonates with your target audience!

Sign up for a free trial today and expand globally with the power of AI.

The most common translation methods are machine translation, human translation, and machine translation post-editing.

The most difficult translation is the translation of idioms, expressions, and grammatical structures unique in every target language. Machine translation can’t translate those accurately, so a human translation or a review by a professional human translator is mandatory.

Besides the text of your website, you should also translate its URLs to enhance user experience and boost your SEO efforts, which may make your site rank better in search engines.

English and Spanish are the most widely spoken languages in the world, so translating your website into those two languages can help you expand in various global markets.

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