maize farming business plan in nigeria

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Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

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Business Plan for Commercial Maize Farming in Nigeria & Maize Farming Project Proposal

Maize is one of the staple foods in Nigeria. There is hardly any Nigerian family that does eat maize or its products weekly. Some families cannot even do without consuming foods made from maize daily. Asides human consumption, maize is used for several other purposes.

Also Read: Palm Oil Business Plan in Nigeria

This is why if you are thinking about how to start commercial maize farming in Nigeria, you are on the right path. To dive into maize farming, you must have a full grasp of what it entails. Even though it may seem simple to the layman, there are several pitfalls on the way. Most of these challenges revolve around diseases and pests that may attack the crops.

In this post, we will deal with different aspects of the information you need to start maize farming commercially in Nigeria and also provide you with a sample maize farming business plan in Nigeria. if you are ready, let’s get straight to the crux of this post.

Feasibility Report on Maize Production in Nigeria / Market Overview

Nigeria enjoys a tropical climate and the soil all over the country is relatively fertile. These two factors make it possible to cultivate maize in any of the geo-political zones of Nigeria. Once upon a time, people only engaged in maize farming in a subsistence manner. However, most of these farmers are becoming more aware of the economic value of this crop. This is driving them into commercial production and processing of maize.

Maize is used in producing several foods eaten within the shores of Nigeria. Examples of such foods include pap (pap/ogi), maize flour (tuwo/semo), roasted maize, boiled maize, etc. It is also used in the production of livestock feed as well as industrially to manufacture several products.

Farmers who invest in maize commercially can hardly ever be wrong, as long as they get their processes right. The challenge of most maize farms in Nigeria is not the cultivation or harvesting processes, it is management. There is a huge market within and outside the country for maize.

All over the world, 800 million tonnes of maize are cultivated every year. Of this figure, Africa only produces a very small 6.5% which is extremely low. The demand for maize and its products is far higher than the supply. This means anyone that invests in maize farming will enjoy huge profits provided the management of the farm is efficient.

Profitability of Maize Production in Nigeria / Why should you invest in it

There are thousand-and-one reasons why you should invest in commercial maize farming in Nigeria. These reasons can be split into three categories which are economic reasons, uses or maize, and health benefits.

Already we know that maize cultivation will bring the farmer a lot of profit. The demand for maize is so high right now and you will see why when you read through the other categories. All over the world, maize is in high demand while there is a dearth in supply. Investing in commercial maize farming in Nigeria means you have a market that is not restrained by the shores of Nigeria.

The second category is concerned with the uses of maize. What is maize used for? Check out a few uses below:

As human food. In Nigeria alone, 4 out of every five families eat maize related foods daily. This figure is high compared to how much maize we produce in the country. Examples of these maize related foods include pap, semo, corn flakes, popcorn, etc. Did you know that beer is made from maize as well?
Animal feed. Maize is one of the major ingredients in animal feed. Even if you don’t buy the regular feed, you can feed your animals with maize directly. Maize contains a lot of nutrients needed for your animals to grow and produce optimally.
Industrial material. The starch content of maize makes it desirable for production in several industries. Examples of products that are manufactured using maize include beer, ink, cosmetics, medicines, and paints. Some companies that purchase maize for their industrial processes in Nigeria include Cadbury, Nestle, and the Nigerian Breweries.
Making fuel. Though we have not started this in Nigeria, in many other countries, starch drawn from maize is used as fuel. The starch is synthesized into corn ethanol which is blended with gasoline to produce E10, E15, and E85 mixtures.

The final category is the health benefits drawn from maize. There are so many health benefits you can draw from maize. Examples include:

Ease of digestion because of the high fiber content of maize.
Helps to prevent hypertension and fight diabetes.
Helps to improve eyesight.
Maize is great for healthy skin.
Rich in carbohydrates which is our main source of energy as humans.
Contains several minerals such as manganese, phosphorus, copper, and zinc. All of these are important for human metabolism.

How to start a commercial maize farm in Nigeria

The reality of the fact is that maize farming is very easy to engage in. You don’t need any special skills or education to start a maize farm. We understand that you may have a few challenges on the way so we have put together this guide to help you out.

Discover the best weather for your crops

The truth is that you can plant maize in any season, as long as you can get sufficient water for your crops. Usually, maize is planted in Nigeria around April because this is the beginning of the raining season. We advise that you begin your planting after the third rainfall. With irrigation, you don’t have to wait for the rains.

Choose a fertile land for your cultivation

One of the best benefits of maize farming is that maize can grow on just about any piece of land. However, studies have shown that to get optimal yield, you should plant maize on loamy soil. The soil should also have adequate water content, good drainage, and adequate sunshine.

Don’t plant maize on a rocky or sloppy landscape because of runoff. It is also imperative that you avoid waterlogged areas as this may affect crop yield. Consider a farmland that has a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. This is why many educated farmers take soil samples to the lab for testing before cultivation.

Preparing your land for cultivation

Land preparation processes include clearing the land, fumigating it, burning the bushes, and tilling the topsoil. You must get rid of bushes as they may constitute shades to your crops hindering them from getting adequate sunlight. You should also get rid of weeds as they may compete with your crops for nutrients.

The fumigation process is needed to get rid of any pests existing on the farmland before planting. When there is a need, you should add some fertilizer to the land to make it more fertile. The best kind of fertilizer is organic fertilizer however, you can get Diammonium Phosphate (18-46-0) as a good alternative.

Choose the variety of maize to plant

Here is a list of maize varieties you can choose from:

Zea mays saccharata
Zea diploperennis
Shoepeg corn
Purple corn
Peruvian corn
Baby cornBlue corn

Planting your maize

You can either plant maize by hand or make use of a mechanized method. For a commercial farm, mechanized planting is better as it will save time and cost on labor. It is best to seek the help of a professional farmer to provide you details on how to plant your maize.

Caring for your farm

Several processes go into caring for your maize farm. You don’t just plant the maize and leave it there. It is important to care for and nurture your farm so that it is not attacked by pests, diseases, or stray animals. Some of the processes you should engage in include:

Timely weeding.
Pest control

Marketing your maize

After you have harvested your maize, the challenge is marketing the yield. Finding buyers in Nigeria is not difficult. You can choose to market locally or export to other countries. For a commercial farm, you can make contact with NIRSAL or IITA to help find buyers.

Writing a commercial maize farming business plan

A business plan is very important for several purposes. Asides acting as a map that guides your business, it helps to attract investors and also get loans from the bank. With a concise business plan, you have a clear picture of how the business should be run. If your commercial maize business is going to succeed, you need to write a business plan.

It is not compulsory to write the plan by yourself. You can contact a writer to do this on your behalf. Just in case you are in search of a business plan writer, reach out to us as we will help write your business plan at subsidized prices in record time.

Get your Maize Farming Business Plan and feasibility study in Nigeria, pay N10,000 to:

Bank Name: Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB)

Account Name: Chibuzor Tochi Onyemenam

Account Number: 0044056891

After payment, send your name, email address and “Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria” to 07033378184

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria © www.businessplan.com.ng

Copyright 2024 All Rights Reserved, Dayo Adetiloye

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Maize Farming in Nigeria – The Ultimate Guide on How to Grow Maize

Maize farming is the cultivation of maize or corn from the seed stage to the marketing of the harvested maize or corn. Maize farming is unarguably the most popular type of crop cultivation or farming in Nigeria. Go to any town, village or city in Nigeria, you are likely to see a lot of maize farmers.

Maize farming in Nigeria is practised in all the geopolitical zones of the country. There are maize farmers in Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, Edo, Delta, Rivers, Abuja, Plateau, Nasarawa, Imo, Anambra. Kano, Kebbi, Kaduna and all states in the country.

Maize is a staple food in Nigeria and hugely consumed by Nigerians. Most Nigerians will consume maize or its derivatives at least once every day.

How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

Farmland Site Selection
Time and Season to Plant
Farmland/Soil Preparation
Choosing of the Maize Variety to Grow
Ascertaining Plant Population
Climatic Conditions
Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field
Weed Control
Fertilizer and Manure Management
Management of Pests and Diseases
Post-Harvest

1. Farmland Site Selection

Maize can thrive in a variety of oil types, however, maize prefers a deep loamy soil rich in organic maters and nitrogen. Maize is known as a nitrogen hungry crop, planting this crop in a soil rich in nitrogen will positively impact its growth and yield.

The farmland site to be used for maize farming should be ideally plain or flat. The soil should be well draining. Maize will not do well in a water logged area. Soils that are too clayey or muddy should be avoided because they can be prone to flooding, they also usually have a low content of calcium.

Your preferred location or site for maize farming should have a soil that is not too acidic or too alkaline. Maize will do well in soils with a pH of 5.5 – 6.5.

Also, ensure that your farmland has an easy access so that you can be able to evacuate your produce without stress.

2. Time and Season to Plant

Timing is very important in maize farming in Nigeria especially if you are depending on rain. To record a good yield in your maize farm, your corn plants must get adequate amount of water. Maize loves water, starve corn plants of water and expect to have a poor yield. In the southern part of Nigeria, it is advisable to start the planting of maize from April. Some farmers start in March but rainfall pattern nowadays is erratic. Rain may start in March and seize till May. You need to observe the rainfall pattern well before you start planting.

In The northern part of the country, maize cultivation should start in June. Wrong timing can lead to a dismal performance of your maize plants. To eliminate the issue of timing in maize farming, a farmer can consider irrigation. With irrigation, you can cultivate your maize anytime of the year without fear.

In the southern rain forest belt of Nigeria, maize planting can start from the end of March/early April.

In the Guinea Savannah belt of Nigeria, planting of maize should start between mid May and early June.

In the Sudan Savannah, maize planting should start in mid June to early July while in Sahel Savanna, maize panting should start in mid July.

3. Land preparation and planting

To be a successful as a maize farmer, you need to prepare your farmland for planting. Farmland preparation involves clearing the trees, stumps and weeds on your farmland. After the clearing of the farmland, ploughing, harrowing and ridging can be done.

Land preparation is easier, cheaper and faster in the savanna belt of Nigerian that the rain forest belt because the rain forest belt is too dense with a lot of trees and vegetation.

Land preparation breaks up the texture of the soil and improves oxygen penetration into the soil, this helps the plants on the soil to grow well. Land preparation also improves the penetration of water into the soil and the efficacy of fertilizers applied on the soil.

Animals and tractors can be used for ploughing, harrowing and ridging, however, for large maize farms, the use of tractors is better and more efficient. They can also be used for planting of the maize seeds. There are cheap planters in Nigeria that you can buy to facilitate the planting of maize seeds.

4. Choosing of the Maize Variety or Seeds to Grow

Most maize farmers in Nigeria go to the open market to buy dry maize seeds and plants; this often leads to poor yield. We strongly advise to plant hybrid maize variety like Pioneer seeds in order to have a good yield.

Some hybrid and open pollinated maize varieties in Nigeria include the following:

a) Dekalb Maize Seeds: DK 920, DK 818, DK 234, DK 777

b) Pioneer Hybrid Maize Seeds

c) SeedCo Maize Seeds: SC 645, SC 649, SC 651, SC 510, SC 719

d) Premier Seeds: Oba 98 (white, QPM), Oba Super-1 (white), Oba Super-2 (yellow) and Oba Super-3 (white) etc.

e) Open Pollinated Varieties: Sammaz Series.

We have tried Pioneer seeds and the result was fantastic. Picking the right maize seeds or variety can significantly increase your maize yield.

5. Plant Population

Plant population is can determine if a maize farmer will make profit or not. To make good profit in maize farming, you need to have at least 50,000 stands of maize plants per hectare; this can be increased to up to 70,000 stands if you plant some hybrid varieties.

Ask most maize farmers in Nigeria the plant population on their farm, they will likely tell you that they do not know. If you investigate yourself, you will see that their plant population is abysmally low, probably 10,000 to 20,000 maize plants per hectare. With his low plant population, they can hardly make any profit.

It is advisable you have an intra-plant spacing of 25 cm and an inter-row spacing of 75 cm when planting maize. This will ensure that your farm will have about 55,000 plants per hectare. If you do 20cm intra-plant spacing, you can increase your maize plant population per hectare to about 66,000.

6. Equipment Needed for Maize Farming in Nigeria

The following are some of the equipment needed for maize farming in Nigeria:

Irrigation Equipment
Boom Sprayers
Ridgers etc.

7. Irrigation for Maize Farming

Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are the most appropriate types of irrigation that can be used in maize farming in Nigeria.

Rain gun irrigation can be a cheap and acceptable type of sprinkler irrigation that can be used for maize farming if there is a large reservoir of water around the farm. With rain guns, maize can be cultivated all year round. Spray tubes can also be used for maize farming.

Drip irrigation is the best type of irrigation but it is far expensive than sprinkler irrigation, using it may not be justifiable given the low value of maize grains in the market. However, if you are cultivating sweet corn, drip irrigation can be used.

8. Climatic Conditions

Maize crop does well under temperatures ranging from 20 – 35 Celsius. Some maize varieties can also do well under temperatures exceeding 36 Celsius if adequate water supply is in place.

Maize can tolerate temperatures below 20 Celsius, however, it will not do well in very cold conditions.

Maize needs 30 – 70 cm of rainfall. Most of the maize farmers in Nigeria rely solely on the rains. There are very few irrigation maize farmers in Nigeria.

9. Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field

10 – 20 kg of maize seeds should be planted in one hectare of farmland. Maize seed should be planted as a single seed per hole. A hole of 2-5 cm should be dug and a single seed of maize should be buried in the hole.

About 66,000 maize seeds should be planted on one hectare of farmland. Seeds that fail to sprout should be replaced after a few days in order to guarantee the optimal plant population.

10. Weed Control

Weeds can reduce your yield in maize farming by 90%. You should endeavor to keep your maize farm free of weeds. Ensure that no weed is visible on your maize farm. Weeds share water and nutrients with your plants, they can starve your crops of the important nutrients they need to grow well. Weeds also harbor pests and diseases which can be transferred to your crops.

The first few weeks in maize farming determines about 40-50% of the yield of the crop. You should strive to have a weed free maize farm this period and beyond. If you are a commercial maize farmer, you cannot hand weed your maize farm, its better you use the recommended herbicides for maize crop. There are pre-emergence herbicides and post-emergence herbicides that should be used for maize farming.

Lagon is one of the best herbicides for the control of weeds in corn farming.

11. Fertilisers and Manures

I have heard some farmers saying they would only use manure for their maize farms, yes, if you are a commercial maize farmer looking at maximizing the returns from your investment, I will strongly advise that you use both inorganic fertilisers, manures and organic fertilisers.

Maize as a crop is a nutrient hungry crop. Your maize crop needs a lot of nutrients especially nitrogen. One hectare of maize farm will need about 8-15 50kg bags of NPK and Urea fertilisers. It is also advisable you mix all your fertilizers with potassium humate in order to maximize the efficiency of the fertilisers.

NPK fertilizers and urea are known as the best fertilizers for maize farming in Nigeria .

Also, bury all fertilisers applied to your maize crop; never leave fertilisers on the surface of the soil. Soil improver like manure, rice husks and plant materials can also be used for your maize farm. You can also use microbial innoculants.

12. Pests and Diseases Management

Pests and diseases can mess up your maize farm and make you record huge losses. You should use all the recommended pesticides and disease control techniques when cultivating maize. The most destructive of all maize pests is the army worm. Endeavour to use the pesticides recommended for army worm before infestation. Remember, in farming, prevention is better than cure.

There are nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, rodenticides, insecticides and acaricides that can be used to manage pests and diseases in maize farming.

Below are some of the diseases and pests that can affect maize and how to control them:

a) Downy mildew (DM): Downy mildew can affect maize crop in Nigeria. This is an oomycetes infection that changes the colour of the leaves of the maize plant to yellow and brown. It negatively impacts the photosynthetic process in the plant and ultimately leads to low yield. To prevent this disease, maize seeds should be coated with Metalaxyl. Foliar fungicides like Mancozeb amd copper oxide can be used.

b) Leaf blight: This is a fungal disease that can affect maize plants in Nigeria. Fungicides like mancozeb or any copper fungicides can be used as preventive or curative methods for the disease.

c) Maize rust disease: Rust is also a fungal disease that can affect maize crop in Nigeria. The foliar application of Diathane or any good fungicides can prevent or cure this disease.

d) Stalk Rot: Stalk rot is a fungal disease that causes the rottening of the stalk of maize plants. Trichoderma biofungicides or chemical fungicides can be used to control this disease. An increase in potassium fertilizer can also reduce the incidences of this disease.

e) Blight Disease: Blight is caused by Rhizoctonia sp. Pseudomonas fluorescens culture or the application of inorganic fungicides can control this disease.

f) Army Worm: Arguably, the most dangerous insect that can destroy a maize farm within a twinkle of an eye, army worm can be controlled by using Tihan, Thunder, Ampligo and other selected insecticides in Nigeria. It is better to prevent army worm than trying to eradicate them after infestation.

g) Stem borer: This insect is common in maize fields in Nigeria. It can be controlled with the spraying of Cholopyriphos and the use of Carbofuran (wormforce).

h) Pink borer: Just like stem borer, It can be controlled with the spraying of Cholopyriphos and the use of Carbofuran (wormforce).

i) Termites: Termites can destroy a maize farm if they are not quickly controlled. The application of Fepronil granules can be used to control termites.

13. Harvest

When the silk of the maize plant turns brown, it is time for harvest of the fresh corn cobs. Fresh corn can be harvested after 50 – 70 days. If the maize farmer prefers to harvest his maize crop as grains, harvesting can start after 85 – 120 days depending on the variety planted and the prevailing temperature.

Harvesting is usually done by removing the corn cob by hand. A cutlass or sickle can also be used to cut the whole maize plant during harvest. Harvesting can also be done with the use of machines like a combined harvester.

If the harvested maize cobs are not dry enough, they can be left on the field for sun drying. Dryers can also be used for drying the corn cobs.

14. Post Harvest

The post harvest activities in maize farming includes shelling, threshing, storage, transportation to market and the final marketing of the produce to buyers. Grading, sorting and bagging are also some of the post harvest activities in maize farming.

For large farms, mechanized shellers can be used to shell and thresh the maize from the cobs. Silos can be used to store the shelled maize for longer shelf life. Pesticides may be used to prevent the activities of pests on the harvested maize.

15. Insurance

You should not forget to insure your maize farms against all forms of insurable risks. You can insure your farm by contacting NAIC or other insurance companies in Nigeria like Leadway Insurance .

Guide for Hybrid Maize Cultivation – One Hectare

Below is the protocol or plan to be used in cultivation of HYBRID maize, please note that the fertilization application rate can be amended to fit your soil profile. Ensure that the pH of the soil is between 5.5 – 6.5, soil pH higher than 6.0 is better. The pesticides application rate can also vary. This is just a generic maize farming protocol.

10 days before land preparation

Spray a mixture of 4 litres of Glyphosate and 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare. Wait for 10 days

2 weeks before planting:

Land tillage: Plough and harrow/ridge or harrow twice or ridge depending on land condition. Wait for 2 weeks to allow for weed regrowth for good effectiveness of the pre-emergence herbicides at planting time.

At this stage, you can add rice husks, manure or any soil amendment materials to your soil to increase the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).

At planting:

Plant seeds at 75cm (inter-row spacing) by 20cm (intra-row spacing) (66,000 plants/ha), 75cm by 25cm (53,000 plants/ha)

Apply 15 bags of NPK 15:15:15 or 11 bags of NPK 20:10:10 (220 kg N / ha) or 12 bags of NPK 15:15:15 or 9 bags of 20:10:10 (180 kg N / ha).

Spray a mixture of 4 liters of paraquat, 4 liters of atrazine and 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate not later than the next day of planting.

Please agrochemicals should not be sprayed in the hot afternoon for effectiveness

The seed should be planted at a depth of 5cm along the row while the fertilizer should be placed 5cm beside each planted seed and 5cm deeper than the seed depth

1 week after planting:

Gap filling should be done for few missing spots to ensure the right plant population and weed control done after planting should be confirmed if it was effective, areas showing weed growth should be reported at observation

2 weeks after planting:

Spray 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare for prevention and/or control of armyworms or insect attack

4 weeks after planting:

First urea application: 2.5 bags for (220 kg N / ha) or 2 bags for (180 kg N / ha)

Ensure fertilizer is buried beside the plants to prevent wastage

Spray 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare for any deposited eggs and to prevent resistance by the armyworms

6 weeks after planting:

Second urea application: 2.5 bags for (220 kg N / ha) or 2 bags for (180 kg N / ha)

Spray 4 liters of Lambdacyalothrin per hectare for any visible armyworms

All urea application should be applied from 4 weeks after planting for large acreages without splitting to maximize cost.

8 weeks after planting:

Post emergence application: Spray 4 liters of paraquat per hectare, for proper weed control; this can be done before 8 weeks depending on the severity of weeds present.

NOTE: Ensure that there are no weeds in the field before fertilizer application.

Potassium Humate is advised to be mixed to all fertilizers before application. All fertilisers must be buried during application.

Also note that Lagon herbicide has been the best type of herbicide we have used for maize farming in Nigeria.

All agrochemicals mentioned above are active ingredients that can be gotten in different trade names. Please ensure good quality products are used.

With the above protocol, a maize farmer in Nigeria is expected to get a yield of 6-10 tonnes per hectare of maize.

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Financial plan (in naira ₦).

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 1

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 2

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 3

Source: https://veggiegrow.ng/cost-of-maize-farming-in-nigeria

Maize Production in Nigeria

About 800 million tons of maize was produced globally in the year 2019, with Nigeria producing about 11,000 tons, Nigeria is the largest producer of maize in the Africa, followed by South Africa. In spite of the huge production of maize in Nigeria, Nigeria cannot satisfy local demand of maize. Nigeria does not produce as much sweet corn like maize. Every year, a significant percentage of maize is imported to satisfy local demand in the country.

Source: Knoema

The northern part of Nigeria produces the largest percentage of maize in the country. Kaduna state is the largest producer of maize in Nigeria, closely followed by Bauchi, Gombe and Nasarawa. All northern states in Nigeria produce a lot of maize every year.

The south western part of Nigeria also produce a significant percentage of maize with Oyo state topping the list of the largest producer of maize in the south western part of Nigeria.

Popular Maize Varieties in Nigeria

Below are some of the most popular maize varieties planted in Nigeria.

Pioneer Corn Seed – Hybrid

Dupont Pioneer Hybrid maize seed is one of the most popular hybrid maize seeds in Nigeria. Pioneer hybrid maize seeds can grow in all regions in Nigeria. It has good tolerances and resistance to a lot of pests and diseases that affects corn plants. Hybrid pioneer seeds can also tolerate crowding unlike other maize varieties. This maize variety can yield up to 12 tons per hectare. We tried this variety and we had a yield of 7.6 tons per hectare. I have seen local farmers getting between 5-7 tons per hectare cultivating this variety in Kaduna. This variety comes in the yellow and white form.

Dekalb Maize Seeds – Hybrid

The following are the hybrid Dekalb Maize Seeds in Nigeria:

Seedco – Hybrid

There are a number of hybrid maize seeds bred and marketed by SeedCo in Nigeria. The following are some of the maize varieties of Seedco:

SC 645 : White Maize Hybrid, 7-8 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium maturing hybrid (100 – 110 days). This variety had good disease and heat tolerance. It can be cultivated in the southern and northern guinea savannah.

SC 649 : White Maize Hybrid, 8-10 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium maturing hybrid (110 days). It has good disease and pest tolerance and can grow well in all ecological zones of Nigeria.

SC 651 : White Maize Hybrid, 6-7 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium Maturity (100 – 110 days). This variety is drought and striga resistant. This variety does well in the rain forest belt of Nigeria and also in the guinea, sudan and sahel savannah areas of Nigeria.

SC 510 : Yellow Maize Hybrid, 5-6 Tons/ha yield potential, Early Maturing (90 days). This variety is embedded with Vitamin A. It can tolerate crowding and high population, this can lead to increased yield. It can also do well in the southern rain forest in Nigeria and the southern and northern guinea savannah.

SC 719 : White Maize Hybrid, 8 -9 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Late Maturing (110 -120 days). This variety has long cob. It also has good tolerances to a lot of pests and diseases that affect maize. It can be grown in the southern and northern guinea savannah.

Premier Maize Seeds

Below are the hybrid maize seeds and open pollinated maize seeds bred and marketed by Premier Seeds Nigeria.

Hybrid maize

Oba 98 (white, QPM)
Oba Super-1 (white)
Oba Super-2 (yellow)
Oba Super-3 (white)
Oba Super-4 (yellow)
Oba Super-6 (yellow)
Oba Super-7 (white)
Oba Super-9 (white)
Oba Super-11 (white)
Oba Super-13 (white)

Open-pollinated Maize

Across 97 (white, striga resistant)
Suwan-1 (yellow, DMR)

Profit Analysis of Maize Farming

Maize can be very profitable if you do the right thing. The cost of maize farming should be lesser than the revenue in order to make profit. Having a healthy farmland, planting the right amount of seeds, weeding and the use of adequate fertilisers and pesticides can make your maize farming venture a profitable one.

Profit Analysis for Dry Grains

N600,000 is expected to be earned as revenue from the sale of 6 tons of dried maize from one hectare. Price per ton ranges from N80,000 – N120,000 in Nigeria.

N60,000 is expected to be used for land preparation and planting of maize seeds per hectare, N30,000 for hybrid pioneer seeds per hectare, N20,000 for herbicides and insecticides, N60,000 for fertilisers and N100,000 for labour and other expenses. Total cost for one hectare of maize is N320,000.

Profit expected from one hectare of maize is N280,000. I have seen some farmers who made a profit of N400,000 from one hectare of maize.

Maize Farming for Fresh Cobs

55,000 – 75,000 fresh maize cobs are expected to be harvested from one hectare of maize. Hybrid pioneer maize seeds can yield two cobs per plant.

Let us assume that 70,000 fresh maize cobs will be harvested from one hectare of maize. If you sell each fresh cob for N15, you will earn a sales revenue of N1,050,000 from your one hectare maize farmland.

Profit from one hectare of maize farm if you sell fresh maize cobs will be N730,000.

Selling fresh maize cobs is far more profitable; however, your farm must be near a big town or city.

Dry Season Maize Farming in Nigeria

Dry season maize farming in Nigeria is far more profitable than cultivating the maize in the rainy season. However, there is a catch, how will you get adequate water for your dry season maize farming? Irrigation is the answer; you need to provide irrigation facilities for your maize farm in order to reap the benefits of dry season maize farming in Nigeria.

The Federal Government of Nigeria has a lot of schemes used to support dry season farmers in Nigeria. They provide or subsidize all the inputs needed for maize farming in the dry season for some farmers. However, you are advised not to rely on the government, you can act smart by using irrigation and reap good profit in the dry season.

Do you know that the price of fresh maize cobs in the dry season in Nigeria is 2-3 times the price in the rainy season, why, because, few maize farmers cultivate maize in the dry season.

Dry maize grains are also more expensive in the dry season because of the scarcity in the market.

Government Interventions in Maize Farming

The Nigerian government has intervened in maize farming using several programs, some of the programs are explained below:

CBN/NIRSAL MFB LOAN

The Central Bank of Nigeria in conjunction with NIRSAL Microfinance Bank provides loans of less than N10 million to intending farmers. Maize farmers can benefit from this loan as the loan has a single digit lending rate. It also has a moratorium.

CBN ANCHOR BORROWERS SCHEME

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) anchor borrowers’ scheme is used to finance farmers in groups so that they will have all the inputs needed by them to reap a bountiful harvest. Maize farmers are eligible to apply for loans under this scheme.

IFAD SCHEME

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is a body that provides funding and support to rural farmers. Maize farmers in Nigeria can benefit from this scheme.

FADAMA Scheme

FADAMA is supported by the World Bank. This scheme supports farmers through the provision of irrigation facilities.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv6EjVNq-PY

Health Benefits of Maize or Corn

The following are the health benefits of consuming maize or corn:

A 100 grams of boiled yellow corn has 73% of water, 3.4 grams of protein, 21 grams of carb, 4.5 grams of sugar, 2.4 grams of fibre and 1.5 grams of fat.

Corn has carbohydrate which provides energy for the body.

Maize has fibre which improves the digestive health. A good consumption of fibre can improve the quantity of beneficial microbes in the gut.

Though corn is rich in carb, it also has protein.

Maize or corn has vitamins and minerals like manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper. These minerals and vitamins are beneficial to the human body.

Corn has some antioxidants which can help in the prevention of cancer and killing of free radicals.

Source: Healthline

Foods that can be derived from maize or corn

The following are some of the foods that can be derived from maize or corn in Nigeria:

Roasted Corn

This is a delicacy in Nigeria and a lot of countries. Roasted corn is fresh corn roasted on an oven.

In Nigeria, charcoal is usually used in roasting fresh corns when they are in season. People selling roasted corns are common sight on Nigerian roads when corn is in season.

Selling freshly harvested corn has a better ROI than selling dried maize as grains. There are farmers who make better returns on the selling of fresh corn cobs than selling their harvested produce as dried grains.

Corn Starch

Also called maize starch, this is a material derived from the kernel of corn. Maize starch is used as thickener in soups and sauces.

Corn starch is also used for the production of corn syrup and other types of sugar.

Corn starch can also be used in the production of some types of adhesives. Corn starch can also be used in the production of custard and baby food.

This is a type of food consumed by a lot of people in Nigeria and other African and Asian countries.

Maize pap is made by fermenting soaked maize grains. The maize grains are left in water for some days, then they are milled and sieved.

Hot water is used in making corn pap. Maize pap is purely starch. It is also used in the making of baby foods.

In some towns and villages in Nigeria, maize pap is usually consumed in the morning. It can also be cooled and solidified into another type of food called Eko or Agidi.

This is a thick pudding made from maize or rice in Nigeria. It is a local delicacy highly favoured by the Hausa and Fulani people in Nigeria.

Tuwo is also eaten by the people of Niger and Chad Republics.

Tuwo is like Pounded Yam, Eba and Fufu. It is usually eaten with soups.

How Many Bags of Maize Can an Acre or Hectare Produce

The number of bags of maize that can be produced per acre of farmland depends on a number of factors, ditto the number of bags of maize that can be produced per hectare.

The factors are:

Soil Fertility
Types of Seeds Planted
Level of Weeds
Pests and Diseases
Agronomic Practices implemented etc.

Mallam Yinus, a maize farmer in Nigeria got 91 bags of maize per hectare . Mallam Yinus implemented the below strategies to achieve this yield:

Good land preparation
Use of hybrid seeds
Use of drip irrigation
Optimum plant population etc

Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Maize

The maize plant usually has a height of about 3 metres. There are strains that grow up to 12 metres, though these strains are not common.

The stem of the maize plant consists of about 20 internodes with each internode growing to about 18 cm in length. The leaves of maize plants grow at the opposite sides of the stem. The leaves of maize plant can grow above 110 cm in length and about 8.5 cm in width.

For more information on the botany, physiology and genetics of maize, please read here .

Questions and Answers

a) Question: Where can I get good maize seeds in Nigeria?

Answer: You can get good maize seeds or varieties from us.

b) Question: Can I use drip irrigation for maize farming?

Answer: Yes, you can use drip irrigation for maize farming. Drip irrigation can increase your maize crop yield by as much as 100%

c) Question: Is maize farming profitable?

A nswer: The prices of maize in Nigeria has increased year in, year out. The Ukraine-Russia war will also make the prices of this commodity skyrocket. Yes, maize farming is very profitable.

d) Question: When is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria

Answer: The dry season months of December to March is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria. Prices this time are usually double or triple the prices at other times of the year.

e) Question: What is the typical yield of maize?

Answer: The average yield of maize per hectare of the local farmer in Nigeria is 1.5 – 2 tons per hectare. However, yield can be up to 7 – 12 tons per hectare if hybrid seeds, drip irrigation and good fertilizers and pesticides are used.

f) Question: What fertilizers are the best for maize farming in Nigeria?

Answer: Urea and NPK fertilizers are some of the most appropriate fertilizers for the growing of maize. However, you should do a soil test before applying any fertilizer to your maize crop.

Should you need more information on maize farming in Nigeria, please contact us on 08025141924 or [email protected].

Read our latest article on planting date of maize in Nigeria here.

Ayo Akinfolarin

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria

What else could bring people of different tribes and cultures together like the taste of maize with pear? Each coming season, natives look forward to munching their cooked, roasted, or fried maize with coconut, pear, or whatever perfect combination they could make out of it.

Maize has become a household name in most families in Nigeria. Even individuals that own little gardens never fail to plant a few stands each season because they never want to miss out on the great taste of maize when harvest season comes.

Maize otherwise known as corn is a cereal crop and regular food produce in Nigeria. It is one of the most consumed cereals and it is consumed in different forms by both human beings and livestock .

It can be consumed as cooked maize or processed into other products such as pap, maize food, etc. Maize is also used for other products such as paints, textiles, etc. It is also used in pharmaceutical industries and as biofuels.

Page Contents

What is Maize Farming?

Maize farming is defined as the growing of maize crops for commercial purposes. Maize can be used for human or livestock consumption and it is also important for industrial use in the production of other products.

Maize farming is known to almost everyone who has lived in the local parts of Nigeria . However, not everyone can do this on a large and commercial scale.

Importance of Maize and Maize Farming

Below are some of the importance of maize

It is a source of food for humans and livestock.
Maize farming helps to create employment opportunities
It is used in the production of ethanol
It can be used in the production of flours
It is rich in vitamins A, B, C, and E
Maize is easier to cultivate
Maize grows fast thereby leading to a quick harvest
It can be used in the production of animal feed

Is Maize farming a Lucrative Business?

Maize is a very popular crop in Nigeria . Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world and the second-largest producer in Africa after South Africa.

Apart from being eaten as food, maize can be used in making other food and beverage products. This has resulted in high demand from companies and manufacturers. A small investment in maize farming yields large profits and it does not require very large capital to start.

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The prospects in the maize farming business prompted me to write this article and I will be leading you on the steps to start a maize farming business in Nigeria

Create a Business Plan

Acquire Land in a good location

Land and Soil Preparation

Planting of Seeds

Watering of Plants

Pest and disease control.

Harvest of Maize

Sales of Maize

Creating a business plan is the first step to take when starting a maize farm. This involves taking time to understand the life cycle of maize and its growth.

Set out for a feasibility study on the market size interested in maize in your location, identify possible sales points, and mark out the possible challenges you are likely to face in the business. This will help you to prepare a proper strategic plan on how to best approach the business .

Acquire land in a good location

This is the next step after creating your business plan. Purchase, lease or rent land in a good location . Commercial maize farming requires extensive land. Agreements can also be entered with governments or communities that own big lands.

These communities can give you a large land space for use. This will reduce the cost of acquiring a large land. Security of land is very important and should be taken seriously. Fences should be constructed around the land. This will help to prevent thieves from entering the farm and will ensure the security of farm products and equipment.

This involves clearing bushes and trees, removal of debris, and tilling of the soil. Land preparation allows the soil to have access to sunlight and also helps to make the soil loose for planting. Land preparation is done manually with the use of hoe, cutlass and can also be done mechanically with the use of a tractor and other machines.

The soil should be kept loose to allow for easy penetration of water. Corn grows best in well-drained sandy soil. Ensure to apply organic manure to make the soil rich and fertile. Like most vegetables, corn grows best in soil with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8.

Corn requires up to 6 hours of sunlight daily. This is necessary when you are choosing a planting location. After the land has been prepared, planting should commence immediately

Planting of seeds

There is two major planting season for maize. The early planting season is between March and April while the late planting season is August. Purchase healthy and disease-free seeds and soak seeds in water before planting. Some of the maize varieties include:

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties – Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)
Yellow Hybrid Varieties – 8425-8; 8329-15
White Open-Pollinated Varieties – TZPB (FARZ 27); TZB (FARZ 34)
White hybrids – 8321-18; 9022-19; (Striga Resistant).
Popcorn e.g White Pop, Yellow composite.

The soil should be tilted up to 6 inches deep with the use of a hoe and then the maize seeds should be inserted facing upwards and the soil closed loosely. Proper spacing should be kept while planting to avoid competition between maize.

Rows should be spaced 30 to 36 inches apart. You may choose to add compost and organic manure at planting time; corn is meant to grow rapidly. If you are confident that the soil is adequate, this can be skipped.

Maize thrives well in most soils, as far as they are deep (more than 1 meter) and fertile, and have a good water holding capacity. Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves.

About 15kg of grain is produced for each millimeter of water consumed. Watering should be done carefully to avoid overwatering the plant which can lead to death.

Appropriate pest control methods should be used to prevent the infestation of farms by pests. Scarecrows can be used to prevent birds from feeding on the crops before harvest. For small farms, nets can be put across to prevent birds from having access to the farm. Some of the diseases that affect maize crops are:

Cercospora leaf spot: Brown spot with yellow ring on leaves, lesions on leaves. It is a fungi disease and can be controlled by planting resistant varieties.
Charcoal Rot: Caused by fungi and leaves become rotten, the plant may break. It is controlled by practising crop rotation.
Maize Dwarf Mosaic: Chlorotic spot on leaves, which develop into a mosaic pattern, ear formation and development cease. It is a viral disease and can be controlled by planting a highly resistant variety.

Harvesting of Maize

Maize matures very fast, within 3–4 months of planting, the crop is ready for harvest, depending on which stage you want to harvest your crop but then harvesting of early maize is done by May and late Maize is harvested by October. Corn is ready for harvest about 20 days after the silk first appears.

At harvest time, the silk turns brown, but the husks are still green. Each stalk should have at least one ear near the top. When conditions are right, you may get another ear to lower down on the stalk. Remove corn ear from the standing crop, and store in a good storage facility to prevent insect attack.

Sales of maize can be done at local markets. Supplies can also be sent to manufacturing companies that use maize as their major raw material. Maize can also be sold to individuals and roadside roasters. Build a relationship with major maize distributors in your location to encourage fast sales of the product.

Maize farming is not capital intensive or laborious. Proper planning will ensure great profit in this business. It is a very lucrative sector in agriculture and farmers are encouraged to invest more resources into maize farming.

This article has provided you with all you need to start your maize farming business . You can also consult an experienced farm expert to help you when starting your business .

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How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

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Table of Contents

Introduction

Have you ever wondered what it takes and how to start a maize farm in Nigeria?

The purpose of maize farming (which we popularly call corn) is not limited to the corn boiled or roasted on the roadside. From this versatile crop, you can mill flour, bake bread, use it as animal feed, and a couple more.

From the maize, we have diverse meals such as cornflakes and some other delicious cereals, we make our local pap from it, popcorn, porridge, and so on. The maize crop is used both domestically and industrially.

Because of its massive use and consumption in the country, the maize business has turned out to be quite lucrative and rewarding, especially with the help of modern tools that goes all the way through its processing stage.

How Profitable Is Maize Farming In Nigeria?

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

According to Entrepreneurs.ng , Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world, and the 2nd largest producer in Africa after South Africa.

Nigerian Breweries, Cadbury, and Nestle are some of the biggest buyers of Maize in the country. Maize seed germinates 3-5 days.

A hectare will yield produce of between 3-5 tonnes. While up to 8 tonnes can be harvested with enhanced species like the hybrid maize form.

A hectare will produce 10,000 stands with the spacing provided above while an acre will produce 4040 stands. says MyFarmBase while quoting E. Johnson.

Harvesting can be done between 75 and 90 days.

The Best Time To Grow Your Maize

Maize has a short life span and can be cultivated 3 times in a year which makes it one of the best crops you can plant on your farm.

Maize (corn) can be planted alongside different yields like Cassava, Melon, Yam, Potatoes, and so on.

Its ability to grow in many soil conditions (clay loam, sandy loamy, black cotton soil) and weather makes it suitable for the Nigerian climate. So, whether you are from the Southern, Eastern, Northern, or Western parts of Nigeria and other regions, you can plant and harvest maize.

Maize in Nigeria is rain-fed. So you should plant your seeds at the onset of the rainy season.

Usually, it is planted in May/June in the North and March/April in the South for early maturing seed variety. While late-maturing seeds are planted in July/August.

The Cost Of Setting Up A Maize Farm

Based on the analysis made by Xtreme Returns Farms , you can start maize farming for as low as N20,000. Under the conditions that you have;

A Farmland with the right soil
A registered company under CAC
Hired workers with their equipment (N4,000/acre) or hire government tractors (N7,000/hectare)
Fertilizer, disease, and weed control (From N6,000)

Financial Projection of Maize Farming by Xtreme Returns Farm: If the target yield for a hectare is 3 tonnes, 1 ton of maize crop sells for NGN60,000, multiply 60,000*3 = NGN180,000.

Your profit can be calculated as 180,000-20,000 = NGN160,000 within 2 months.

How To Start A Maize Farm

Before deciding on how to start a maize farm, there are things you need to consider and put in place for you to successfully plant and harvest your maize.

If you want to start a maize farm on a large scale, you have to put some of these things in place for you to be able to be relevant at home and abroad.

1. Register Your Farm

The first thing to do if you want to start a maize farm is to register your farm. If you want to go beyond planting, and harvesting locally, you need to register the farm.

You must register your company with the Corporate Affairs Commission (C.A.C) to enable you to operate your maize farming business without hassle from the government and engage a bigger clientele.

This way, you will be able to take your product overseas without any hassle. The process of registering a business with the C.A.C. is a straightforward process. You can visit their website for more information on how to register your business.

2. Select The Best Land For Your Crop

The next step to starting a maize farm in Nigeria is to select the land on which you are going to plant your maize on.

Having a good land is a step forward towards having better produce. Your choice of land will depend on your location.

If you want to take this maize farming business seriously, you need to look for land that is loamy or loamy sandy in nature for better output.

Remember that the land has to be soil that is well-drained.

3. Prepare The Land For Planting

This will involve cutting weeds, bush burning, ploughing, and the like. This can be done manually, mechanically, or chemically.

4. Select The Best Maize Variety

Maize varieties are also known as corn species.

All over the world, there are many species like sweet corn, flour corn, waxy corn, Hopi maize, and a whole lot more. But the most popular ones found in Nigeria are yellow maize and white maize.

5. Plant The Seeds

The two major seasons for planting is called Early Season and Late Season. Early seasons begin in March/April while, right after the rain begins, while the late season begins in August.

Your seeds can be planted by hand or machine after the soil has been tilled to a depth of 6 inches. Next, you make mounds and put in four kernels of corn facing upwards.

6. Fertilize and Control Pest

Starting a maize farm without making provisions for pest control and fertilization is like setting up oneself for failure. Infestation can cause a loss of up to 80% of crops without proper care. Examples of some maize pests stated by MukaNet Agric Blog are;

Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm)
True wireworm (soil insect)
False wireworm
Heteronyx spp Sericesthis (feeds on maize roots)
Maize leafhoppers
Green vegetable bugs (GVB)
Two-spotted mite
White fringed weevil
Leaf beetles
Caterpillar

7. Harvest Time

Depending on the variety and weather, your harvesting time can be between 2 to 5 months. Usually, 3 months is enough time.

It can be harvested as soon as the ears turn dark green, the silk turns brown and the kernels are soft and plump.

When harvesting, you pull the ears of the stalk with your hand.

Machines like corn-pickers can be used.

8. Market! Market!! Market!!!

Thanks to the digital age, there are many ways of creating awareness for your product.

Meeting potential clients, even though profitable, is not enough to market your corn, especially if you plan on producing on a large scale.

To entice big clients and companies, make pitches, and take advantage of digital marketing.

Own a website with valuable crop-like content, SEOs, Display Ads, social media community management, and so on.

The first step to starting a successful farming business is to get started. You need to take the leap of faith and make things happen for yourself.

If you follow the steps mentioned in this article, you are just a few steps to making things happen.

Are you ready to start a maize farm? Wonderful. Let us know what you need and how you are preparing to get started.

[…] If you want to know how to start a maize farm, I have an article that takes you through the process without stress. Read it HERE […]

I love this article, well explanatory and educative.

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The Complete Guide to Starting a Successful Maize Farming Business in Nigeria

by SME Guide

Maize farming is one of the most lucrative agribusinesses in Nigeria. With domestic demand far outweighing supply and government support for staple crop production, maize farming presents a tremendous opportunity for aspiring agricultural entrepreneurs.

This definitive guide provides everything you need to know to set up a profitable commercial maize farming operation in Nigeria from scratch.

Why start commercial maize farming in Nigeria?

Massive and Growing Demand for Maize

Nigeria is one of the world’s largest maize consumers. Rising demand is driven by rapid population growth and the expanding use of maize for poultry feed, food processing, confectionaries, and breweries, as well as industrial starch and oil production.

Local supply can only meet a third of demand, making maize imports worth over $600 million a year. This huge supply-demand gap ensures lucrative offtake opportunities and prices for commercial maize farmers.

Government Support for Increased Maize Production

The Nigerian government has introduced policies like subsidised inputs, higher import duties, and funding for mechanisation to boost domestic maize output through private sector participation.

Maize farming aligns strongly with the government’s strategic food security and import substitution priorities for the economy.

High-Profit Margins for Quality Yields

Maize delivers substantially higher profit margins than many other crops. Average maize farm gate prices range from ₦120,000 to ₦150,000 per MT. After costs, net margins for good yields can exceed ₦500,000 per hectare.

Ideal Agro-Climatic Conditions for High Yields

Nigeria’s northern savannas enjoy optimal climatic conditions for maize cultivation, with average yields reaching 4 MT/ha, rivalling global benchmarks. The right inputs and farming techniques can further boost productivity for a higher income.

Relatively low start-up costs

Unlike other cash crops, establishing a sizeable commercial maize farm requires a relatively low start-up capital outlay for land acquisition, inputs, equipment, and operational expenses, especially in northern Nigeria.

Essential First Steps to Take

Conduct in-depth maize market research.

Thorough research will reveal the functioning dynamics of the Nigerian maize industry value chain, spanning demand segments, buyer preferences, prices, competitors, and distribution channels, amongst other factors, to guide your production and sales strategy.

Develop robust financial projections.

Based on the gathered market intelligence and reasonable yield assumptions, prepare detailed financial statements projecting costs and revenues. This will determine start-up and working capital requirements, cost management needs, and profitability potential to inform viability.

Choose a suitable farm location.

Prioritise locations based on soil fertility, rainfall patterns, irrigation access, proximity to target markets, availability of farm labour, and security considerations. Northern Nigeria offers the most suitable conditions.

Acquire the necessary capital.

Explore financing from your own funds, loans from family and friends, banks, or Nigeria’s new agricultural investment schemes and grants to cover expenses for land purchases, farm development, and first-year operations based on earlier financial projections.

Obtain relevant permits and licences.

Register your maize farming enterprise with the Corporate Affairs Commission and fulfil all location-specific regulatory requirements around environmental assessments, farming permits, operational licencing, etc.

Procure quality planting seed.

Obtain certified seeds of high-yielding, disease-resistant hybrid varieties from reputable sources. Popular options include the Oba Super 7, Oba Super 9, and Oba Super 10 in Nigeria. Avoid old, recycled seeds.

Recruit a capable farm manager.

Hiring an experienced farm manager well-versed in commercial maize cultivation or related grain crops is highly advisable during the start-up. Offer them business stakes or profit-sharing incentives tied to your targets.

Outgrower Partnership Opportunities

Consider engaging smallholder farmers as outgrowers through a contract farming arrangement. This cost-effectively expands your land under maize cultivation while transferring skills and benefiting rural communities.

Land Acquisition and Farm Infrastructure Setup

Size of Required Land

For profitable scale, acquire at least 50 hectares of arable land in close proximity with room for future expansion. Rented or purchased land are both options to explore.

Facilities to Construct

Essential facilities include storage structures, irrigation systems, rainwater harvesting structures, cold rooms, loading bays, security posts, changing rooms, toilets, office space, and staff quarters.

Infrastructure Development

Undertake land clearing, construction of access roads within the farm, demarcation of fields, installation of irrigation and drainage facilities, as well as fencing of the perimeter and fields according to crop separation requirements.

Storage Infrastructure

Construct weather- and pest-proof storage facilities for inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and agrochemicals, as well as harvested maize grains and dried cobs. The provision of palettes and moisture metres is also crucial.

Administrative Setup

Have dedicated office space with computers for farm records and accounting, processing buyer orders, market research, etc. It is essential to run operations professionally from the onset.

Utility Access Development

Connect the farm to the national electricity grid or develop an onsite solar system and backup generators for energy supply. Similarly, establish access to utility water or develop boreholes and water storage tanks.

Waste management planning

Institute safe waste disposal mechanisms for the management of resulting debris, plastics, empty agrochemical containers, and spoilt grains in an environmentally responsible manner right from inception.

Determining Your Production Targets

Yield Projections

Conservatively target grain yields of at least 4 metric tonnes per hectare for rain-fed cultivation under good agricultural practices while factoring in the potential impacts of pests, disease, and erratic rainfall.

Annual Output Targets

Given projected yields and intended acreage allocation between early and late-maturing hybrid varieties, determine annual maize output targets over the first 5 years, factoring in incremental expansion.

Post-Harvest Output

Estimate potential volumes of additional by-products like dried maize cobs, husks, and stalks that have economic value to set revenue diversification targets beyond grains.

Sales Revenue Benchmarks

Multiply annual production quantities across grains and by-products by prevailing farm gate prices for wholesale maize to establish your turnover benchmarks. Build relationships with off-takers early.

Land preparation and input acquisition

Land Tillage

Plough fields to medium depth during the dry season and harrow to refine the tilth for proper root development, nutrient absorption, and friability. Well-tilted land is vital for higher yields.

Soil testing and amendment

Conduct NPK testing of your fields and adjust nutrient levels accordingly through inorganic fertilisers or well-decomposed manure to optimise soil fertility for robust maize growth.

Input Quantification

Determine the total requirements for certified seeds, fertilizers, and crop protection chemicals needed, guided by recommended application rates based on the intended acreage each season.

Sourcing Quality Inputs

Always obtain certified seeds of chosen hybrids from authorised dealers to assure purity, germination capacity, and seed viability. Similarly, source industry-standard fertilisers and agrochemicals from trusted suppliers.

Safe Storage

Keep seeds in cold, dry, and airtight conditions. Store chemicals and fertilisers safely, locked away from moisture, direct sunlight, and water sources, to maintain product integrity.

Expert Planting for High Productivity

Land Pre-Planting Preparation

Undertake secondary tillage and harrowing just before planting for uprooting of weed seedlings and maintaining friable top soil ideal for planting.

Timely Planting

For rain-fed maize, plant at the onset of the rainy season. For irrigated maize, plant to make grain availability consistent year-round, guided by the duration to maturity of the chosen hybrids.

Optimal Plant Spacing

Space rows 75 cm to 90 cm apart, with the distance between seeds along the rows at 25 cm for optimum plant density that minimises competition and facilitates mechanisation.

Correct Planting Depths

Plant seeds at depths of 5 cm to 7 cm. Too shallow reduces germination, while too deep delays seedling emergence and raises rotting risks. Proper depth is vital for uniform stands.

Focused Gap Filling

10 days after germination, fill gaps through replanting where stands have failed to optimise plant population and restore the desired density for maximum yields.

Water Management for Resilient Growth

Timely Irrigation

Where rainfall is inadequate or ill-timed, provide supplemental irrigation evenly across fields during moisture-stress periods like the flowering stage. This prevents disastrous crop losses.

Efficient application methods

Utilise furrow irrigation channels, sprinklers, or drip lines rather than water flooding for precision watering, improving uptake while reducing erosion risks and waste. Invest in suitable equipment.

Rainwater Harvesting

Construct small reservoirs, dugouts, and channels to collect and store excess runoff during rains for supplementary irrigation use in moisture deficit periods to reduce crop vulnerability.

Moisture Conservation

Practice mulching using crop residues, grass, and plastic sheeting to curb water evaporation losses from the soil while reducing weeds.

Soil erosion protection

Establish vetiver grass bands across sloped fields to curb rapid top soil runoff while constructing bunds and contour walls for erosion control to preserve arable land.

Strategic Application of Fertilisers

Soil Fertility Maintenance

Continuously replenish extracted soil nutrients after each crop using a carefully determined blend of nitrogen and phosphorous-based fertilisers to boost plant vigour, cob sizes, and grain filling.

Split Application

Rather than a single full dosage, apply one-third of NPK fertiliser at planting, one-third at the knee height stage, and one-third when tasselling to gain the highest absorption and minimise losses from leaching.

Foliar Feeding

Where soils are gravely or sandy, spray liquid fertiliser formulations directly onto leaves when tasselling to supplement soil feeding, ensuring nutrient deficiencies are avoided at this vital stage.

Organic Fortification Options

Explore augmenting inorganic fertilisers through cheaper organic options like well-composed animal manure, decomposed crop residue dumping, and intercropping with legumes to improve the soil’s natural fertility over time.

Routine soil testing

Conduct NPK testing before each new season to monitor nutrient levels and adjust fertilisation regimes for optimal balance as soil chemistry changes over successive cropping cycles.

Effective field pest and disease control

Correct pesticide application

Closely monitor crops for signs of Fall Army Worm and Stalk Borer attacks before significant damage emerges. Apply the right pesticide formulations correctly during early infestations for effective control.

Disease Vigilance

Look out for destructive and fast-spreading diseases like maize lethal necrosis (MLN) while crops are young. Rogue out and safely destroy infected plants immediately to save the entire crop.

Pest Scouting

Train and routinely mobilise farmhands to scout fields, looking out for emerging pest infestations and disease symptoms for timely interventions before widespread crop losses occur.

Pesticide Handling Safety

Educate workers thoroughly on pesticide toxicity hazards, correct dosages, application techniques, protective clothing and gear needs, container disposal, and post-exposure treatment to avoid the risks that come with these chemicals.

Beneficial Insects

Introduce and nurture populations of beneficial predator insects like lacewings on your farm as a potent biological control for notorious pests like stem borers and aphids, avoiding overreliance on pesticides.

Timely weeding and thinning

Pre-emergence Weed Control

Apply pre-emergence herbicides like atrazine after planting and before maize emerges to suppress weeds at the onset, allowing crops to establish themselves without competition.

Mechanical Weeding

Undertake 1-2 rounds of meticulous hand weeding with hoes or using mechanical weeders during early crop stages to eliminate competition that retards growth while roots are still shallow.

Spot herbicide application

Where manual weeding proves inadequate, precisely apply post-emergence herbicides using protective cones directly on stubborn weed clumps visible between crop rows rather than entire fields.

Thinning for Optimal Density

Where germination density is excessive, undertake plant thinning 2-3 weeks after emergence to attain desired plant populations that avoid excessive competition and enable robust development.

Cover Crops

Practice intercropping and undersowing with fast-growing legumes that check weed growth through suffocation while fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil as a free fertility boost.

Meticulous Harvest and Post-Harvest Handling

Timing the harvest

For grains, harvesting begins promptly when husk leaves dry out completely and cobs turn downward. Timely harvesting prevents field losses through ear rot, pests, and storm damage.

Grain Processing Equipment

Invest in maize shelling machines, cleaning equipment, moisture metres, and storage handling equipment like conveyors and elevators for efficient large-scale grain extraction and handling after harvesting.

Cob drying and storage

After shelling, stack husked cobs under airy sheds over wire meshes raised above ground, allowing proper natural drying to ~15% grain moisture, ideal for storage and milling quality.

Fumigation against storage pests

Fumigate dried grain and cobs using phostoxin tablets or other recommended fumigants prior to storage to eliminate grain borers, weevils, and other storage pests that ruin produce.

Cold Room Storage

Construct large-scale cold room facilities for portions of harvested grains not immediately sold to enable higher-value sales out of season when market prices surge rather than distress sales at harvest.

The exhaustive information provided across the key facets equips you to establish and operate a highly productive and profitable maize farming enterprise in Nigeria. Adapt the recommendations to your unique local conditions as you bring this investor-friendly opportunity to life!

Staff recruitment and management

Hiring qualified personnel

Recruit workers with extensive experience in similar crop cultivation roles, covering farm supervision, machinery operations, irrigation, input application, and general labour. Certified agronomists are ideal for advisory work.

Skills Training

Provide regular practical skills training for workers on agronomy best practices spanning land preparation, planting, pest management, harvesting, and post-harvest handling for optimal implementation and to minimise losses.

Attractive Remuneration

Offer wages at par or slightly above averages for the region and industry to attract and retain competent personnel. Provide clear opportunities for diligent workers to progressively advance into supervisory roles.

Performance Management

Institute clear key performance indicators and evaluations around operational efficiency, input usage, compliance with protocols, and crop care for monitoring staff and optimising productivity. Reward high performers.

Welfare Provision

Provide staff with suitable housing, medical access, meals, uniforms, and transportation to ensure concentration on delivering the required farming activities. This sustains motivation and productivity.

Worker Safety

Implement strict safety precautions around the usage of machinery, pesticides, grain drying, storage fumigation, and general farm operations. Provide protective gear and appropriate training.

Labour Regulations

Comply with national regulations around minimum wage, payment schedules, maximum working hours, annual leave, sick pay, maternity leave, and redundancy terms to foster cordial labour relations.

Record-keeping for efficiency

Field History Archive

For each cultivation field, comprehensively log applied inputs, crop performance parameters, and harvested yields over every crop cycle to gain insights for optimising results season by season.

Operational Logs

Maintain updated records on all farming activities, like land preparation durations, planting schedules, irrigation details, and fertilisation regimes, alongside the responsible personnel for tracking efficiency.

Inventory Management

Use digital stock management systems for inputs in storage to enable precise tracking of fertiliser, seed, and agrochemical balances and trigger replenishment orders in time for the next crop demand, avoiding shortages.

Profitability Analysis

Continuously analyse actual production costs and revenues against projections and prior seasons to identify areas for enhancing operational profitability through improved agronomic practices and loss reduction across the farming cycle.

Equipment History Cards

Keep individual history cards for each machinery and equipment item, recording hours run, fuel consumed, servicing activities, and breakdown repairs, to forecast maintenance needs before failures disrupt operations.

Customer relationship management

Maintain an updated database around client off-takers, contact persons, product preferences and loyalty, outstanding payments, and grievances for sustaining relationships that underpin sales and farm incomes.

Processing and value addition

Preparing for Aggregation

Liaise with smallholder farmers’ associations prior to every season to contract portions of member harvests for aggregating larger marketed volumes capable of attracting premium institutional buyers.

Maize Milling

Acquire a small maize milling plant comprising sheller, cleaning, drying, milling, and packaging equipment for value-adding grains into packaged flour, bran, and animal feed blends targeting high-margin sales.

Fortified Products

Explore manufacturing fortified blended maize foods enriched with vital micronutrients for vulnerable groups through partnerships with nutrition-focused NGOs, women groups, and public health agencies serving ready markets.

Hybrid Seed Production

Establish dedicated seed multiplication fields and conditioning facilities to produce certified seeds of popular hybrids during low periods, ensuring valuable counter-season sales to other farmers in time for key planting cycles.

Organic fertiliser production

Process resulting organic waste from maize harvesting like stovers, cobs, and stalks through compost facilities into premium bagged fertilisers is enjoying growing demand for organic farming, allowing income diversification.

Maize Bran Oil Extraction

Setup small decorticating and oil-expanding mini-plants powered by diesel or electricity for value-adding dry maize grain bran into clear maize oil, ideal for application in cooking oil blends and biofuels, which present huge demand.

The expanding maize market and enabling environment make maize farming highly lucrative for aspiring agropreneurs in Nigeria, despite emerging competition. Savvy business planning and robust execution best position you to achieve consistent profitability from this enterprise. Maximising yields through expertise while minimising costs is vital for positive margins. Seek partnerships that enhance access to inputs, finance, extension, processing equipment, and distribution infrastructure for unlocking maize farming’s immense potential. Adapt operations responsively based on emerging market needs and policy changes.

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How To Start Maize Farming Business In Nigeria

Entrepreneurs.ng
June 15, 2020

Maize farming is a profitable agribusiness widely cultivated throughout the world. It is an important staple food and one of the main cereal crops in West Africa. It is one of the most consumed cereal after sorghum, millet, and rice.

Maize is a versatile crop used both domestically and industrially. It’s used for flour milling, brewing, bread baking, confectionery, manufacturing, and animal feeding. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals, and can be consumed in the form of porridge, pap, grits, popcorn, etc. Freshly harvested corn can be eaten in a roasted or boiled form.

Start Your Business in 30 Days Even If You Don't Have An Idea

Owning to the increasing Nigerian population, the demand for maize both for domestic and industrial purposes has been on the rise. Hence, there is a need to heavily invest in this business area.

Do you have an interest in agribusiness? Maize farming is a good agribusiness to invest in.

Watch the full video on how to start the maize farming business here. Also, subscribe to our channel to get more business ideas and insights.

Maize Farming In Nigeria

Maize also called corn is a popular farming business in Nigeria. It is usually done on a small and large scale in every part of the country, but mostly in the Northern region for commercial purposes.

Today, Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world, and the 2nd largest producer in Africa after South Africa. The process has become easier especially through the use of modern tools from farming to the processing stage.

It has remained a key food crop in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Maize serves as one of the basic human food in Nigeria and as a raw material for cereal production in many manufacturing companies, like Nestle, Kelloggs, and beer production in brewery companies.

Little monetary investment in maize farming can yield a great profit. For instance, the hybrid maize with a mechanized system of farming can yield up to 10.2 tonnes per hectare, while the manual type of cultivation can yield up to 2.1 tonnes per hectare.

See Also: How To Start A Fish Farming Business In Nigeria

Uses Of Maize

Maize has several alternative uses. For humans, its calorie content is high much more than rice and wheat. It is an important source of vitamin B, iron, carbohydrate, and protein.

Also, it can be used or processed traditionally by wet and dry milling methods to give a variety of food products. For instance, in Nigeria, it is used to produce foods unique to the different region such as; ogi (pap), fufu, corn pottage, tuwo masara, corn pudding, pito, donkwa, kokoro, aadun, gwate, etc.

For animals, it is one of the favourite raw materials for animal feed production. This is because it provides livestock with the required nutritional content and is preferred by farmers. It is a large component of commercial chicken feed, catfish, cow, goat, e.t.c

In addition, maize is in demand for industrial raw material due to its high starch content. The starch can be processed into additives, agents, and ingredients such as; ethanol, dextrose, sorbitol, dextrin, sorbic, and lactic acid. The ingredients can then be used for glue, starch, batteries, shoe polish, paint, ink, cosmetics, perfumes, etc.

Also, it can be used to produce edible items like beer, drinks, syrup, medicine, ice cream, etc.

Basically, the market for maize is huge, both in Nigeria and every other part of the world. I have highlighted step by steps plan on how to start the maize farming business and become successful at it.

Go from idea to starting your business in 30 days

See Also: How To Start Sports Betting Business In Nigeria

Cost of starting a maize farming business

How To Start Maize Farming

Starting maize farming is not a difficult thing to do. If you are aiming to venture into this business, below are the basic steps to kick start the process.

Step 1: Register The Business

The first step in every business venture is to register the business. It is a step that involves the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), an agency responsible for registering businesses in Nigeria. Your business can be registered as a one-man business or as a limited liability company.

Whichever you decide, it should be in line with your company’s goals and long-term objectives. All you need is to pick a unique name, then, get other necessary requirements like valid means of ID and other details and start the process.

To start the process, log on to the official website of CAC or contact ReDahlia . ReDahlia is located at 43B Emina Crescent, off Toyin Street, Ikeja Lagos. It is a company that offers business support services like business registration, co-working spaces , and consultation services. ReDahlia makes the registration process seamless and affordable for businesses.

With a registered business, you can open a corporate bank account for easy transactions with clients. Also, you have access to loans and other business support opportunities when your business is registered.

See Also: Photography Business – How To Start Photography Business In Nigeria

Step 2: Create A Business Plan

Creating a business plan is a vital part of every successful business. It is a document that states the vision, mission, aims, and objectives of the business.

A viable business plan for maize farming should contain the industry overview, market analysis, operation cost, pricing, swot analysis, and the financial projections for the first 1-5 years of operation.

Having a business plan will give you access to grants , bank loans , and other funds tailored to farmers.

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Step 3: Secure Funding

It’s easy to secure funding if you are in the agricultural business. For example, the Nigerian government through the Bank of Agriculture (BOA) provides agricultural loans to farmers.

Asides from the government, you can approach investors or team up with other farmers to form a partnership.

If you have savings or assets you can liquidate to raise money for the business. Also, you can use crowdfunding to raise money for your business.

The bulk of the capital will go into land acquisition and preparation, purchasing seed, labour cost, purchasing working tools and equipment, pesticides, marketing and processing.

If you have enough funds, getting all these mechanical equipment can make the business very easy. They are:

Hoe/rototiller
Soil cultivator
Broadcast seeder
Transplanter

Step 4: Choose A Land

The ideal land for maize farming is a well-drained sandy loam or loamy soil. Although it can be grown on every land, it is more ideal to cultivate maize on a loamy soil or forest and savanna regions. It grows well under a temperature of 26 – 30 ° C with rainfall of between 75 to 150cm per annum.

Also, the soil needs to be rich in organic content and should have a good water retention capacity. So, in choosing a land, you must consider all of these factors.

Besides, you can look into getting 2-3 hectares of land in some of the major maize producing states like Adamawa, Kebbi, Jigawa, Niger, Nassarawa, Sokoto, etc, or in other regions of your choice.

Once you have land, the next thing is to prepare the land for planting.

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Step 5: Prepare The Land

Land preparation can be done mechanically, chemical, or manually. The most important thing is to remove the weeds and remains of the previously grown crops from the land.

Then, keep the soil loose for a good seedbed. Also, plough the land to bring the soil to a fine tilth by preserving the topsoil when uprooting and clearing trees.

Once the land has been prepared, the maize should be planted immediately. This will allow the maize to germinate ahead of weeds. But, if the land has been used for maize cultivation before, you can incorporate residue of the previous crop into the soil.

See Also: How To Start A Rice Farming Business In Nigeria

Step 6: Plant The Seed

There are two major seasons/periods for planting maize in Nigeria; the early season and late season.

For the early season, if your land is in the forest zone, the best time for planting is between 15 March to 1 April, or as soon as rainfall is steady. But, if in the derived Savannah zone, it is best to plant as soon as rainfall is steady especially in April. In the Southern Guinea Savannah Zone, planting is best for May and June depending on the rainfall.

Examples of the maize varieties for early season are;

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties – Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant), Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)
Yellow Hybrid Varieties – 8425-8; 8329-15
White Open-Pollinated Varieties – TZPB (FARZ 27); TZB (FARZ 34)
White hybrids – 8321-18; 9022-19; (Striga Resistant).

For the late season, plant preferably between the first half of the month, August (1-15) in areas where rainfall is likely to be adequate. In this time, you can plant early maturing streak and/or downy mildew resistant varieties. Such as;

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties e.g Tzesr-y, Dmr-esry.
White-open pollinated varieties e.g TZESR-W, DMR-ESRW.
Popcorn e.g White Pop, Yellow composite.

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How To Plant

As soon as the seed has been decided, the next thing is to plant. Maize seed can be planted by hand (hoe) or with the use of a machine (rototiller). First of all, till the soil to a depth of 6 inches, then, make mounds or ridges and insert four kernels of corn facing upwards inside one mound and close the soil loosely. Continue this pattern for other mounds on the farm. If planted mechanically, the depth planting should not be more than 5 cm (2 inches).

Space the rows about 30-36 inches apart and repeat the same method for all the ridges.

Maize can be planted on the same land used for cassava farming and can be done side by side.

See Also: Palm Oil Business – How To Start Palm Oil Business In Nigeria

Step 7: Control Pest And Diseases

Maize farming is susceptible to pests and diseases and this can cause great damage to the plants. If care is not taken, there can be a loss of about 10 to 100% depending on the time of their infection.

Some of the common weeds and diseases that infest maize are; downey mildew, rust, leaf blight, stalk, ear rots, leaf spots, maize streak virus, and striga. For instance, striga also called witchweed is one of the most dangerous weeds common in the Savanna area of Nigeria.

Also, there are pests like corn borers, wireworms, cutworms, flea beetles termites, storage insects, beetle, etc. Stem borer is very dangerous and can cause a loss of 20-40% during cultivation and 30-90% post-harvest storage.

In order to get a good yield and minimize the effects of pests and diseases, you can weed 3-4 times at regular intervals using a hoe or chemical with specified herbicides. Also, you can use herbicides/pesticides or appropriate chemicals like Nitrogen after two weeks of planting and at other intervals.

Nitrogen is a constituent element of protein and also integral components of other compounds essential for plant growth processes including chlorophyll and enzymatic processes. By adding it, the fertility level of the land will improve which will then yield a good crop.

In addition, you use traps or fence the farm round to prevent raccoons, bat, etc. Also, plant other disease-resistant varieties around the maize.

See Also: Bakery Business – How To Start A Successful Bakery Business In Nigeria

Step 8: Harvest

Maize matures fast and so, you can harvest within 2-5 months of planting, depending on the variety and weather. As soon as the ears turn dark green, silk turns brown and kernels are soft and plump, it can be harvested. Harvesting can be manually or mechanically depending on the size of the land.

To harvest manually, pull the ears from the stalk of the plant with hand. You can use machines like corn-pickers or corn-shellers. These machines can harvest, shuck ears, and pre-clean the corn kernels.

See Also: How To Start A Poultry Farming Business In Nigeria

Step 9: Market The Product

It is not enough to have a product, the most important thing is knowing how to sell the product. And this requires creating awareness about your product.

In the case of maize, if you have big farmland, with a standard business structure in place, you can write proposals to manufacturing companies whose raw materials include maize. Write a detailed proposal and pitch what they stand to gain if they make you their supplier.

Also, build an online presence using a website optimised for search engines. Design a unique logo, business card, fliers, and make sure to distribute them to your target market.

Equally, leverage social media platforms and build a community on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. On these platforms, you can post the daily activities going on the farm. This way, you are sure to create awareness and be patronised by your audience once the crop is ready.

More so, you can sell the products directly to local traders, roadside roasters, or individuals. In addition, build relationships with other farmers; both crop and livestock farmers. They can refer businesses to you.

See Also: How To Start Bottled Water Or Pure Water Business In Nigeria

Maize farming in Nigeria does not require a lot of training or capital before you can start. It is a sustainable business with a high chance of survival. Once there is adequate rainfall, good climate condition and you are diligent by following the highlighted steps, you are on your way to success.

Do you have an interest in starting a maize farming business in Nigeria, and you find this article helpful? Please share it with your audience. Also, do share your thoughts in the comments.

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How to start maize farming business in nigeria – maize farming business plan, maize farming business in nigeria: how to start and earn big.

Maize farming business in Nigeria is really a booming agribusiness investment that you should consider venturing into it. You should maize is among the three most important cereal crops worldwide, you should know that. The other two crops have been rice and wheat. It is much easier for you to start maize farming business than rice or wheat as it requires less capital. It will also interest you to know that it is much easier and simple to start maize farming business.

Read: How to become a millionaire with cassava farming business in Nigeria

Just like rice, maize also matures very fast; hence you won’t have to wait up to a year for your returns. It will take a maximum of 5 months for you to harvest your maize, depending on your purpose of farming. One thing that favors maize farming business more than rice and wheat is cultivating it almost anywhere in the country. So, you see that can carry out maize farming business in any part of Nigeria. You only need the right information to guide you in the process of your maize farming business. This article provides you information regarding:

How long does it take maize to grow in Nigeria?
What yield of maize can you get from a hectare?
How many tonnes is a hectare of maize?
Late maize planting season in Nigeria
Price of maize per ton in Nigeria
Cost of maize production per hectare
Maize farming business in Nigeria
The business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria

All you do is relax as this article has got your back when it comes to starting maize farming business. Many farmers are earning big from maize farming business in Nigeria and you can become one of them.

Important Guidelines To Starting Your Maize Farming Business In Nigeria

Below are the simple but very important things you need to have in place before starting your maize farming business.

Have your commercial maize farming business plan

To venture into commercial maize farming business in Nigeria, you seriously need a well-detailed business plan. Without your business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria, your chances at success are very low. This maize farming business plan will help direct your efforts in the course of your farming business.

The business plan can also be used to access loans. Without your business plan, you cannot access the government loans for agriculture in Nigeria. Commercial banks and private investors cannot take you seriously if you don’t have a business plan. Your maize farming business plan is your roadmap to success in your business venture.

Select your farming site

Once you have your business plan and also have the capital, your next task is to choose good farmland. As I said earlier on, you can cultivate maize in virtually anywhere in Nigeria but fertile loamy soil is the best. You should make sure that the soil is well drained. Now that you have your farmland, the next step is land preparation.

You can make use of the mechanical method to clear the land or employ the services of manual laborers. The target is that your farmland is ready for the planting of your maize seedlings.

See: How to make millions from garlic farming and exporting business

Get improved maize variety for your maize farming business

To improve the yield of maize you get from a hectare, there is a need for improved maize variety. Some of these improved maize varieties available in Nigeria for you include:

The yellow open-pollinated varieties like TZESR-Y; Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant
White, open-pollinated varieties like the TZESR-W; Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant
The white hybrids like 9022-19, 8321-18, (Striga Resistant)
Yellow open-pollinated varieties like the western yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)

You can always get the above listed and other improved varieties from the ministry of Agriculture in your state. Some agricultural institutes like the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) might have them for you. Before starting your maize production business in Nigeria, try to get any of these improved varieties.

Planting your maize seedlings

Now that you have the improved maize variety, the next step is how to plant it on your farm. It is highly advised that you plant your maize seeds immediately you finished clearing the farmland. This is done so that your maize will grow ahead of the weeds. When you delay planting your maize, it will be exposed to competition with the weeds.

You should plant your maize seed at a depth of 3-4cm and a spacing of about 1 – 1.5feet between each maize plant. It is recommended that you plant your maize between March ending to the first week of April. Depending on how early the rain started, you can also plant during the early periods of the month of May.

Weed control

If you are going to use manual weeding, it should start 15 days after your maize planting. Without even waiting for the 15 days, once you start noticing weed growth in your farm remove them. If you wish to make use of herbicides, you can apply Atrazine pre-emergence at 3kg per hectare on a cleaseedbeded.

To really make huge profits from your maize farming business, weed control is very important. So, you should take it very seriously as it can make or mar your investments in maize farming business.

Also Read: How to start sweet potato farming in Nigeria

Harvesting your maize

You can harvest your maize within 3-5 months after planting, depending on the purpose of your maize farming business. The profitability of maize farming in Nigeria is never in doubt. This is because the demand for maize and maize products is always on the rise.

For your Business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria or any other business niche, contact us on +234 7037281050. You will receive your business plan just within 2 weeks of your order.

For contributions and questions on maize farming business in Nigeria, kindly make use of the comment box provided below. THANKS.

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How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know

September 14, 2023

How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know | In this post, I will show you how to start maize farming in Nigeria. Maize farming is a lucrative farming business in Nigeria, since maize crop is one of the most sought for in the country, it is as well generally eaten by Nigerians and those outside the country.

When you change your thoughts, remember to also change your world. You can request publication of your article for publication by sending it to us via our Email below. [email protected] or SMS/ WhatsApp ) or call +2347034920650. Click here to start business now with businesshab.com

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How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know

Agriculture business in this era requires that one acquire some relevant knowledge in one’s area of interest in order to break-even in that area of agricultural business.

Nevertheless, in maze farming business, though some relevant knowledge is required to stay on top of the game, you actually do not need an intensive training or get college Degree to start maize farm i ng business in Nigeria, all that you need is to hold fast to some basic fundamentals in maize production, and you are in to it.

However, maize as we all know is one of the most utilized crops in Nigeria, and even in overseas. It is multi-functional in used.

Benefits of Maize farming Business

Research has revealed that maize, which is sometimes called corn, has plentiful by-products, and that, some of its by-products are well-off in sources , such as carbohydrate and iron, vitamins and minerals. Some products gotten from maize are; corn starch, corn flour and corn powder.

Others include; cornflakes, pap and custard. Yet on the line of produce gotten from ma i ze are; corn oil, alcohol and animal feeds.

As a raw material, fuel and other essential chemicals are gotten from maize. All these explained how important and lucrative maize farming can be in Nigeria. We all know maize, and we have been eating maize, therefore needless to continue telling you what maize is and what it is not.

Facilities to start and run maize farming in Nigeria :

Maize seed does not discriminate soil, so it grows in any type of soil. As a hardy crop, it can grow in a soil you will never expected that corn can grow in such land, though loamy soil is fovourite in maize production.

Best still, this loamy soil must comprised of decomposed materials, such as decomposed micro organism and woodchips and leaves as well, to help fertilize the soil for maize production.

Read on: How to Start Plantain Farming Business in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know

2. irrigation trench:.

There will be need to create irrigation trench, if you are starting maize farming business, reason is obvious, because farm need to be watered.

Water, of course, you know, is one of the most important ingredients needed in maize production. Maize, as a rugged crop needs a lot of water to thrive beautifully.

Please note, do not ever make the mistake of running a maize farm that is lacking in the adequate soil moisture particularly during the time of pollination otherwise , you will run out of maize production and your business collapsed.

Read on: 15 Tips to Start After Hours Social Service in Nigeria

3. selection of maize seeds:.

The idea of selecting the best variety of maize seeds is one of the major challenges facing maize production farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, care should be taken, while selecting these seeds.

The simple truth is that maize seeds are of different varieties, there are some that are extremely strong, while some other too, are disease resistant, and yet the same infection resistant seeds can be prefer to other seeds.

4. Maize storage facility:

Storage facility should be taken into consideration, when once you have decided to start maize farming business, and you should decide which one is quite easier for you, whether to construct the ma i ze storage facility in the farm or in your house, whichever way, what is important is that you must have a well fortified storage facility for your maize.

5. Fertilizer for soil nutrients:

Maize plantation needs appropriate soil nutrients for effective yielding of your maize, there should be availability of fertil i zer and manure, and most importantly, there should be appropriate application of this fertilizer to the soil to guarantee bountiful yielding of the maize.

Read on: How to Start Disposable Plastic Cup Business

The wholesalers who bought it from the farm will have to either sell to companies or to retailers or to the end users. And one thing I love about maize farm i ng is that, you do not need to go through some strenuous workshop and seminar to start maize farming business , all you will ever need is simply instructional knowledge on the bus i ness of ma i ze farming and you are there.

If you need a complete business plan on maize farming, kindly contact us Click .

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Business Plan

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Our Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is well documented and can also be used for, but not limited to:

Grant Applications,
Bank Loans,
Proposal writing,
Business Concept Note,
Competitions e.t.c

Purpose of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria will be of great use:

To formulate a strategy for starting and growing the business or existing business by identifying where the business is going and how to get there.
To test the viability of the business idea and maximize its opportunities.
To Obtain funding and achieve business goals and success. e.t.c

Benefits of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria in beneficial because

It helps in outlining the steps needed to achieve the business goals and ideas.
It helps to articulate strategy to stakeholders who support the business.

Importance of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is important because

It will assist you in making sound decision in the administration of the commercial enterprise which will make a contribution to the success of the business.
It will additionally gives distinctive statistics on all components of the business, outlining the business desires and the steps required to achieve them.

Content of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Executive Summary
Introduction
Business Description
Keys to Success
Products and Services
Market Analysis
Our Target Market
Pricing Strategy
Competitor Analysis
Sales and Marketing Plan
SWOT Analysis
PEST Analysis
Operational Plan
Management plan
Financial Plan and Projections
Financial Diagnostics

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MAIZE FARMING BUSINESS

Maize (Zea mays, L . ) is one of the main cereal crops of West Africa. It is the fourth most consumed cereal during the past two decades, after sorghum, millet and rice in Nigeria. Maize is the world’s highest supplier of calorie with caloric supply of about 19.5%. It provides more calorie than rice (16.5%) and wheat (15.0%). It is one of the most important staple foods in the world today. Maize is also the most important staple food in Nigeria and it has grown to be local ‘cash crop’ most especially in the south-western part of Nigeria where at least 30% of the crop land has been devoted to small-scale maize production under various cropping systems.

Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world, and the 2nd largest maize producer in Africa after South Africa. As a versatile crop that is not just consumed domestically, maize is used industrially by flour millers, brewers, bakers of bread and confectionery and animal feed manufacturers. Despite its high production volumes, maize farming in Nigeria yields an average of 1.8 MT/Ha which is one of the lowest among the top 10 maize producers in Africa. It lags behind countries such as Egypt and South Africa where the yields are 7.7MT/Ha and 5.3MT/Ha respectively making it difficult to totally meet the domestic and industrial maize demand.

Nigeria’s rising population is expected to reach 200 million by 2025. This growth will lead to rising demand for maize for both domestic and industrial consumption and this represents a golden opportunity for farmers and entrepreneurs to take advantage of.

USES OF MAIZE IN NIGERIA

Maize is a staple food for about 50% of Sub-Sahara African population. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B and minerals. As food, the whole grain, freshly green or dried, may be used or may be processed traditionally by wet and dry milling methods to give a variety of food products. Preparation and uses of maize alone or in combination with other food material as staple food or snacks in Nigeria include the followings: ogi (in hot and cold forms), tuwo , donkunnu , maasa , couscous, akple , gwate , nakia , egbo , abari , donkwa , ajepasi , aadun , kokoro , elekute etc.

agribusiness farmers and farming network in nigeria and africa

The bulk of the concentrated feed to farm animals consist of grains, and maize is the most important and preferred one due to its low cost (compared to other cereals), low fiber content and high starch content which consist of concentrated energy food that gives highest conversion of dry substance to meat, milk and eggs. Maize stover, which is the plant residue after the ear has been removed (contains 30 to 40% of the plants total nitrogen, 75% of the potassium, sulphur and magnesium and almost all the calcium) is used by many farmers in developing countries as roughage feed for livestock.

MAIZE FARMING IN NIGERIA

Increase in maize farming in Nigeria has been achieved greatly by expansion in area harvested rather than increase in yield. The area harvested increased from 2.8 million hectares in 1986 to over 3 million hectares in 2000 and over 6 million hectares by 2011. Of the total world production (1,133,540 M tons) in 2018, Nigeria, the largest producer in Sub-Sahara Africa produced 11 million tons representing 0.009% of the world production. Based on production potentials, Nigeria has been divided into four groups namely low, medium, medium to high and high maize production potential.

The average yield of maize farming in Nigeria as in other Sub-Sahara Africa countries is generally low 1.68 tons/hectare, which is very low compared to average yield in United States 9.3 tons/hectare over the same period.

MAIZE FARMING IN NIGERIA CONSTRAINTS

In view of the importance of maize farming in Nigeria, efforts are continuously made to increase maize farming yield per unit area of land and to extend areas where it can be grown, especially the cultivation of dry areas as improved through irrigation. Traditionally, maize has been mostly grown in forest ecology in Nigeria but large scale maize farming in Nigeria has moved to the savanna zone, especially the Northern Guinea savanna, where yield potential is much higher than in the forest. The environmental conditions required for maize farming in Nigeria are therefore, superior in the savanna zone with high solar radiation, less incidence of biotic stresses and natural dryness at time of harvest

However, in spite of all efforts, maize farming in Nigeria yields, like in many other Sub-Saharan countries, is still very low compared to developed countries due to many constraints, which may be biotic, abiotic agronomic or others like low soil fertility, pests and diseases, drought, unavailability of improved germplasm, weeds, un-remunerative prices, uncertain access to markets etc.

Farming Maize Successfully in Nigeria

The steps to take for successful maize farming in Nigeria are as follows:

Choice of Land

The land to be used for maize farming in Nigeria should be well drained sandy loam or loamy soil. These two types of soil are ideal for planting maize.

Land Preparation

Before planting maize, the land must be prepared to receive the maize. This preparation can be done using any method (Mechanical, Chemical and Manual) that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. As much as possible, incorporate residue of the previous crop into the soil. For large scale planting, clearing method should ensure preservation of the topsoil when uprooting and clearing trees mechanically. Plant immediately after land preparation to allow maize to get ahead of weeds. When the land is ploughed mechanically, the depth of planting should not be more than 5 cm (2 inches).

Time of Planting

The two seasons or periods for successful maize farming in Nigeria are:

Early Season

(i) In the Forest zone, the optimum planting date is between 15 March and 1 April, although planting could be done as soon as rainfall becomes steady.

(ii) In the Derived Savannah zone, plant as soon as the rainfall becomes steady, between 1-30 April.

(iii) In the Southern Guinea Savannah zone, planting could still be done as late as May and June, depending on rainfall.

Late Season

Late season maize farming in Nigeria is recommended only for areas where rainfall is likely to be adequate. Popcorn is best planted in the late season where proper drying could be easily effected for optimum popping expansion. Planting should be done preferably between 1–15 August.

Recommended Maize Varieties

The following varieties of maize can be planted in the early season:

YELLOW OPEN-POLLINATED VARIETIES

Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)

DMR-LSRY (Downy Mildew & Streak Resistant)

YELLOW HYBRID VARIETIES: 8425-8; 8329-15

WHITE, OPEN-POLLINATED VARIETIES: TZPB (FARZ 27); TZB (FARZ 34); TZSR-W-1; ZPBSR (Streak Resistant); DMR-LSRW (Downy Mildew & Streak Resistant).

DMR-LSRW (Downy Mildew & Streak Resistant).

WHITE HYBRIDS

8321-18; 9022-19; (Striga Resistant).

For this season of maize farming in Nigeria, plant early maturing, streak and/or downy mildew resistant varieties such as:

YELLOW OPEN-POLLINATED VARIETIES: TZESR-Y; DMR-ESRY (Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant).

WHITE-OPEN POLLINATED VARIETIES: TZESR-W; DMR-ESRW (Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant)

POPCORN: White Pop: Yellow composite

Seed Rate and Plant Population

Follow the guideline below for the type of maize to be planted on your farm:

(i) 25 kg/hectare for open pollinated varieties

(ii) 15 kg/ hectare for Hybrids

(iii) 15 kg/ hectare for popcorn.

Plant Population

After you have planted your maize, these are the expected plant population to be expected per maize variety and planting methods:

(i) Open-Pollinated/Popcorn varieties: Hand planted, 90 cm x 40 cm, 2 plants/stand is expected to give 55,555 plants/ hectare.

(ii) Hybrids: Hand planted, 90 cm x 40 cm, 2 plants/stand is expected to give 55,555 plant/ hectare.

(iii) Mechanical Planting: (Any Variety) 75 cm x 25 cm, 1 plant/stand to given 53,555 plants/ hectare or 90 cm x 20 cm, 1plant/stand giving 55,555 plants/ hectare. There should be no thinning or supplying except in very bad cases.

Always use certified seeds of recommended varieties for good crop establishment.

Pests and diseases of maize

Maize farming in Nigeria is attacked by an array of diseases that can cause significant damages. These include the downey mildew, rust, leaf blight, stalk and ear rots, leaf spots and maize streak virus. However, Striga is one of the most dangerous weeds in maize production especially in savanna area of Nigeria. Yield losses from Striga range from 10 to 100% depending on time of parasite infection Studies on time and rate of application of nitrogen were carried out at Mokwa, Southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria using four hybrid cultivars. Timing and nitrogen application rates significantly affected Striga emergence, host plant damage scores, agronomic traits and grain yield. Nitrogen application at two weeks after planting (WAP) (compared with 0, 4 and 6 WAP) at 60kg/ha gave the best result in terms of maize performance and reduction of Striga emergence.

The tolerant cultivar produced 188% higher grain yield than susceptible cultivars across all treatments. Grain yield of tolerant cultivar at 60kgN/ha was 88% higher than that of susceptible cultivar at 120kgN/ha. In a similar study, Striga infestation reduced grain yield of two susceptible hybrids by 49% and of two tolerant hybrids by 24%. The two tolerant hybrids produced on average 87% higher grain yield than the two susceptible hybrids under low N rates (0-60 kg/ha) and 51% higher yields under high N (90-150 kg/ha).

Efforts are continuously made to reduce or control these diseases; however, these efforts are complicated by several factors that are making it difficult to achieve an impact in a relatively short time, due to the following reasons:

i. Important diseases change with time

ii. Some diseases are specific to particular ecologies, whereas others are present in all ecologies

iii. Difficulty in infecting maize with some of the diseases for effective screening of the germ plasm for resistance for example downey mildew.

iv. Difficulty of artificially inoculating maize plants to screen for resistance; therefore, plant breeders could not study the genetics of resistance of some of the diseases.

The most debilitating pests in maize farming in Nigeria include stem borers, termites, storage insects, beetle and host of others. Various species of stem borer rank as the most devastating, causing maize pest loss of 20 – 40% during cultivation and 30 – 90% post-harvest storage. As a result of significant yield loss due to pest and diseases, extensive research has been done along this area. Many national maize programs with the aim of developing maize resistant varieties to prevailing diseases in different agro ecological zones of the country had been organized. On account of these national programs, germ plasms both of pollinated and hybrids resistant to prevailing diseases have been developed.

Several agronomic practices have also been investigated to minimize the effect of many of these pests and diseases. Although many insects, pests and diseases can be controlled with chemicals, these chemicals, often times, are not available, are dangerous and often expensive for small-holders who lack access to credit facilities. Moreover, chemicals are increasingly viewed as environmentally hazardous, threat to human life and safety, such that their use are been discouraged by many policy makers. A variety of chemical and cultural practices can help control many of the diseases; however, using resistant germ plasms, which is the least harmful to the environment, is the most effective method for controlling them.

Low Soil Fertility and Maize

Low soil fertility ranks among the most serious constraints of maize farming in Nigeria which are brought mainly by reduction in the fallow period because of ever increasing population pressures. Nigeria as in many other tropical climates is characterized by high rainfall and insolation, the attendant problem of nutrient leaching and low level of soil organic matter which has made nitrogen the most nutrient limiting maize farming in Nigeria.

Increase of fertility level has played a key role in the increase of maize farming yields and the dominant plant nutrient causing this increase has been nitrogen. One important characteristic of maize is its high nutrient requirement especially N, P and K. On the average, maize grain contains up to 2% N and 2.6% for all above ground parts. 20 kg of nitrogen is removed from the soil for every ton of maize grain harvested.

Farmers understand the importance of nitrogen in maize farming in Nigeria and employ different strategies to minimize the adverse effects of low soil fertility such as using low population density, applying mineral fertilizer or animal manure, leaving the land fallow and switching to less demanding crops.

However, even with all these efforts farmers are not able to supply adequate quantity of fertilizer and most often do not apply fertilizer mostly due to high cost or unavailability. Therefore, maize yield is generally low.

Fertilizer Requirements of Maize

Increase in fertility level has played a key role in the increase of maize yields in Nigeria, and the dominant plant nutrient responsible for this increase has been nitrogen, which is a major nutrient needed in large quantity for high yields in maize production. Many field experiments have shown responses in grain yield of maize to application of nitrogen fertilizer. But the magnitude of response to applied nitrogen varies across experiments due to confounding influences of soil nitrogen supply from non-fertilizer sources, weather variation, variety and cropping practices. Consequently, recommendations of nitrogen management are site and season specific.

Nitrogen is a component of protein and nucleic acids but when it is sub-optimal, growth is reduced. Nitrogen is also a characteristic constituent element of protein and also integral components of many other compounds essential for plant growth processes including chlorophyll and many enzymatic processes. Nitrogen plays a significant role in protein synthesis and thus strongly influences grain production and grain protein content. Its supply also affects both leaf area development and leaf senescence, and consequently crop radiation interception. Meanwhile, photosynthetic activity of the leaf canopy, and thus radiation use efficiency, varies with leaf nitrogen (expressed as the amount of nitrogen per unit leaf area).

During reproductive development, nitrogen is mobilized from the leaves and stem to the grain with consequent reduction on leaf photosynthetic capacity and the consequences for grain yield depend on the relative contribution of crop nitrogen uptake and mobilization of leaf nitrogen to grains as moderated by the grain concentration. Common nitrogen recommendation for old NS series in Nigeria is 75 kgN/ha. Some researchers recommended 150 kgN/ha for FARZ series based on profitability, although the yield of maize at 75 kgN/ha was not significantly different from the yield at 150 kgN/ha, while other researchers reported responses up to 70, 140 and 210 kg N/ha for maize grown in Ikenne, Mokwa and Kaduna respectively, using different maize genotypes.

With regard to dry matter distribution in maize as influenced by nitrogen, studies on nitrogen levels at Ilora, South-western Nigeria using three genotypes of maize (open pollinated, single cross and double cross hybrids) indicated that at final harvest, among all genotypes and fertilizer levels, the least dry matter was partitioned to tassels while the highest was found in stem and grains. The proportion of dry matter partitioned to grains is 27% for single and double cross and 25% for open pollinated while the proportion partitioned to grain was similar (30%) for 75,100, 150 and 200 kgN/ha.

Weed infestation and maize

Maize require minimum weed invasion to exhibit its yield potential. Heavy weed interference results in competition for essential resources and, consequently, yields loss. Weeds seriously limit maize productivity in farms in Nigeria. Indeed, it is estimated that weed control takes 50 to 60% of the total cost of maize production. Weeding takes between 21 to 32% of the total time devoted to maize production in Nigeria. Maize farming in Nigeria is susceptible to competitions from many annual weeds in the first six to eight weeks after planting and the extent of weed infestation varies from one ecology to the other. It has been reported that weeding during a critical period of 10 to 30 days after crop emergence greatly enhances grain production, while uncontrolled weed growth during this period could reduce maize yield by 40 to 60%.

One of the most dangerous weeds in maize farming is Striga, which is also known as witch weed . It is indigenous parasitic weeds that attack maize crop, especially in the savanna areas of Nigeria. Striga is becoming a detrimental pest of maize as a result of the intensification and expansion of maize in the savanna, where Striga is endemic. Apart from savanna region, the weed has been reported in other parts of Nigeria, including the derived savanna of southern Nigeria. The species observed in the southern part of Nigeria are Striga asiatica, Striga aspera, Striga gesnerioides and Striga forbesii . However, Striga hermonthica which is prevalent in the Northern part of Nigeria is the most damaging and widespread among Striga species.

Yield losses from Striga range from 10 – 100% depending on time of parasite infection. Although major technologies exist to control Striga weeds but since most of the effective control practices require expensive inputs or special equipment, they are not suitable for small scale farmers who constitute the large family population in Nigeria. However, it has been recommended that the most practical approach of controlling Striga species is the use of cultivars that are resistant to or tolerant to the weed infestation.

Weeding requirements of maize

Weed control in most agricultural system in Nigeria involves the use of hoes and cutlasses which are quite tedious, time consuming and often ineffective. Recommendation is usually hand weeding 14 to 21 days, and 57 days after planting, while third weeding may be necessary, depending on the varieties and severity of weeds. Weed may also be controlled by various other methods, including tillage practices, planting of weed – free seeds, cultivation using animal or mechanical power, cultural methods such as the use of cover crops, planting immediately after land clearing and use of herbicides.

Maize farming in Nigeria is affected by many weed species but weeds such as Cyperus rotundus, Rottboellia Cochinchinensis and Imperata cylindrical are quite problematic because they are very competitive and difficult to control when routine crop husbandry practices are employed. Others such as Euphorbia heterophylla occur in large number (high density) and grow as rapidly relative to crop that the young maize are shaded out. Other weeds common in maize plots included Talinum triangulare, Amaranthus spinosus, Chromolaena odorata, Agerantum conyzoides .

Weeding takes between 21 to 32% of the total time devoted to maize farming in Nigeria. Moreover, different herbicides are recommended and for maize and maize based crop mixtures, however unavailability, cost and knowledge of handling and environmental effects are drawbacks to its use.

Drought and maize

Maize grown in Nigeria and many other countries in Sub- Sahara Africa are usually rain-fed. Rainfall, and to a lesser extent, temperature are the most important climatic factors that determine crops’ growth and timing of agronomic practices in different ecological zones of Nigeria. Although, agricultural drought occurs when the levels of precipitation are sufficiently low to cause serious decrease in crop yield through its effects on the physiological process whereas, maize is essentially sensitive to moisture stress around the time of tasselling and cob formation. It also needs optimum moisture condition at the time of planting. Drought may occur at any stage of maize growth but when it coincides with flowering and grain filling periods yield loss could be between 40 to 90%.

Drought stress at flowering disrupts the synchrony between pollen shed and silking, which is the major cause of yield reduction. In spite of great potential of Nigeria in maize production, frequent occurrence of drought occasioned by erratic rainfall distribution and/or cessation of rain during the growing season is the greatest hindrance to increased production, and this is more serious in the northern parts of Nigeria. In order to reduce yield loss due to drought, drought resistant varieties are being developed and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) are taking responsibilities for weather forecast into periods of planting for different cropping zones.

Expected Maize Yield

If the all the above recommendations are followed and rainfall is adequate, a yield range of 2,000–3000 kg/ hectare for open pollinated, 2,000–2,500 kg/ hectare for popcorn and 3,000–4,000 kg/ hectare for hybrid could be obtained in the Southern Nigerian zone. In the Nigerian Savannah zone, 3–4 tonnes/ha for Open Pollinated and 5–6 tonnes/ hectare for Hybrid 4.

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Agribusiness Tips and Solutions 5 WAYS TO MAKE YOUR FEED MILL MORE EFFICIENT February 16, 2021

Maize Farming in Nigeria: How to Get Started

Maize is a prominent cereal crop and one of Nigeria’s most essential staple foods . Because of its genetic versatility, it is the most commonly farmed plant in the nation, from the damp evergreen environment of the forest region to the arid ecosystem of the Sudan savanna. Maize farming is one of the most profitable types of farming in Nigeria.

In 2017, the Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) valued Nigeria’s maize industry to be at $6bn, which is about N2.5 trillion. Maize is in high demand in the country, local production only meets about 72% of the total annual demand for maize, according to data by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture , Nigeria churns out about 10.5 metric tons of maize annually while having a demand of 15 million metric tons. This indicates that there is a huge opportunity for intending local maize farmers or maize producers in Nigeria. You can read this maize farming in Nigeria facts blog post to get more insights.

You can also check out this blog on how to get started with farming in Nigeria .

This comprehensive guide includes detailed information on how to get started with maize farming in Nigeria.

How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

Finding Suitable land and soil type
Clearing and preparation
Maize Farming Season and Planting
Fertilizers

Disease and Pest Control

Post Harvest

Finding Suitable Land and Soil Type

Maize cultivation is best suited for plain regions. Maize thrives in a variety of soil types, spanning from podzolic soils located in temperate areas to lush loamy soils in tropical climes. The most favorable soil for maize production is commonly thought to be deep, rich dark soils with plenty of nitrogen. Productive loamy soils on moderately flat, well-drained areas are also ideal for cultivation. Additionally, maize is grown in undulating lands and on the lower slopes of hills. Because the crop’s high yield depletes soil nutrients, it should be sown as the first plant in a crop rotation. Stay away from areas with trees, shaded regions, and ant hills if you want excellent yields. Avoid compacted, muddy, and clayey soils since maize is reactive to salinity and cannot handle waterlogging.

Clearing and Preparation

Land clearing should be done with the least amount of topsoil displacement possible. It necessitates the careful application of heavy machinery, as well as sound soil conservation methods to maintain the soil fertility condition, which varies during long-term fallow growth. Under intensive maize production, minimum cultivation is a viable technique to maintain high soil fertility.

The savannas do not require the same level of land preparation as the country’s forest zone. Land clearing must be conducted long before the rains commence in the Guinea grasslands, where the forest cover is very dense. Immediately the rains begin, proper ridges should be built. While deep cultivation benefits the crop, zero tillage does not reduce yields. Furthermore, maize should be planted in 75-centimeter-wide ridges for maximum grain output. Since the soil in the northern part of Nigeria is loosely packed, animal-drawn tools, as well as hoe, hand, and tractor-mounted plowing equipment, can be utilized to create ridges.

Maize Farming in nigeria Season and Planting

Because it is photoperiod insensitive, maize can be cultivated at any time yearly, allowing for greater flexibility in fitting it into various cropping patterns. Maize can be cultivated either manually (i.e., hand cultivation) or mechanically (machine planting). In the Nigerian savannas, the suggested plant spacing for maize is 75 by 50 cm, with two plants per stand.

Planting should begin immediately as the rains start, preferably directly after a good rainfall. Rainy season in northern Nigeria varies in accordance with the various ecological zones and from year to year. However, in the main ecological zones, optimal planting dates typically fall within the following periods:

Sudan savanna: The first and second weeks of July.
Northern Guinea savanna: From the last week of June till the first week of July.
Southern Guinea savanna: From the middle of May till the second week of June.

Early sowing in the quarter, after the rains have begun, is an excellent opportunity to boost yields even further. Early planting allows the crop to benefit from early nitrate discharge in the soil, and a lower incidence of diseases and pests. However, if early and other extra-early maturing variants are not meant to be consumed green, sowing in the southern regions of the state may be delayed until mid-July to enable maturity to correspond with the start of the dry months.

Fertilizers for Maize Farming in Nigeria

Suitable and balanced nourishment is critical in maize for high yield. Before applying fertilizer, ensure that the plants have been properly thinned to the suggested stand density and that they have been weeded. For corn in the savannas, the respective fertilizer nutrients are proposed per hectare:

Diamond phosphatase (DAP)

At Babban Gona we apply the fertilizers in doses. How you apply fertilizers to your maize cultivation solely depends on the region you’re cultivating in – Northern savana, Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudan Savanna. During application, all fertilizers must be buried. Before applying the second fertilizer dosage, make sure the second weed removal has been completed.

Excellent weed control in maize is required for high output. Weeds typically compete for sunlight, water, and nutrients with crops. Regular weeding is required to allow the maize plant to reach its full capacity on the field. Weeding must be done on a regular basis, especially during the initial stages of growth. Because the plant is shallow-rooted, avoiding mechanical damage during the operation is critical. In situations where soil depletion is severe, remodeling or earthing up of the ridges will be required to avoid lodging and excessive sun exposure of the roots.

It is recommended that two manual weeds be performed two weeks and four to five weeks after planting. Weeding may begin as early as two or three weeks after planting in locations where Imperata cylindrica poses an issue. Also, more than two manual weeding might be needed.

Herbicides can be utilized in controlling weeds on a maize plantation where it is economically viable to do so. Although some herbicides have been suggested for sole cropped corn, it is essential to acknowledge that the effectiveness of the chemicals is enhanced by excellent land preparation, regardless of the implements utilized.

As a maize farmer, you should be aware that disease or pest attacks can have a significant impact on your productivity. To prevent this calamity from destroying your investment, you need to regularly monitor the plants to spot pests or diseases that can cause significant losses a short while after planting.

One method of controlling pests and diseases is through crop rotation. The same family plant should not be cultivated yearly on the same site, and the crops must be rotated on the farmland every three years. Pests and other soil-borne pathogens will gradually increase if farmers grow maize on the same patch of land every year.

The table below shows various maize pests and the measures to eradicate them:

Monitoring maize growth and performance at various stages of development is a crucial component of crop management. It allows the farmer to make timely interventions that result in optimal output at the close of the season. Some factors that farmers need to watch out for include:

Inadequate water availability (e.g., due to drought)
Temperatures at the extremes (heat)
Human activities such as theft or vandalization.
Flooding and waterlogging.
Plants competing for nutrients, sunlight, water, and space.
A lack of nutrients (e.g., artificial manure or fertilizer)
Chemical use that is not under control (toxicity)
Infections caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses
Insect or other organism attack from above or beneath the ground

The quality of the soil and crop plays a vital role in the quality of farm output produced at harvest. Monitoring and ensuring plants are growing correctly, pest detection, crop infection, proper fertilization of crops, and more can be strenuous for farmers to do manually, especially if the farm sits on a large expense of land. However, with a soil and plant health monitoring AI powered solution, it is now easier for farmers to monitor their plants and soil.

At Babban Gona, we build Artificial Intelligence solutions that help our members monitor their crops and soil by scanning them with a mobile phone. These solutions help our members identify and detect soil and plant deficiencies. You can read more about artificial intelligence in farming and how we are solving the problems of limited internet access.

Harvesting maize for fresh consumption is usually executed 50–70 days after cultivation. The silk turns brown to indicate that the corn is due to be harvested. Conversely, if grains are required, harvest immediately the grains are dry enough (typically 80 – 110 days after cultivating) depending on the type. During harvest, the corn cobs can be broken off the plant by hand, or the entire plant can be slashed with a cutlass. When the whole plant is harvested, it is frequently stacked in the field to enable the grains to dry more. The plant can be dehydrated in a traditional aerated granary in humid climates.

Post-Harvest

Maize post-harvest activities include shelling, drying, storage, threshing, and advertising. In addition to the previously mentioned operations, sorting and grading, packing and bagging, transit, loading and unloading Maize post-harvest management is divided into four main stages. The first one is farm-gate activities, which involve de-sheathing and packing mature maize cobs together; the second stage is transportation, which involves transporting cobs from the farmland to home or storage facility. The third stage refers to home activities, which include drying and grading cobs, shelling cobs and drying grains, winnowing grains, pesticide application, and packing grains at the household level. The fourth phase is maize storage, which involves storing grains for later use.

You may be interested in learning about interesting facts and statistics about agriculture in Nigeria .

18 thoughts on “Maize Farming in Nigeria: How to Get Started”

This is really commendable from Babban Gona. in fact i have heard a lot about you especially in how you help farmers improve their yields. May this be sustain and improved.

I am very grateful, this is highly Educative, may almighty Allah bless Babban Gona and the entire management.

Thanks for your contribution. I Yusuf Mohd ghali young Farmer

Very educative @Babban Gona.

Banban gonna I really appreciate your product

Inspirational

Very educative @babbangona

Hi i want to go into Maize farming in Abuja. I need to know how much it would cost me to do. Thanks

Dear Bemi, You need to get a land first and if you have a space in your compund that is a nice strategy to give it a test. Next is go to the market and buy seeds (having N400 should do and this depends on the portion of the land you have), do the necessary things required like preparing it for planting as stated by this great leader Babban Gona then plant your seeds. Never forget watching over it (monitoring and clearing the weeds at the appropriate time.) Goodluck!

Can Nigeria maize grown in another country like US, UK or Canada

Hello Lanre,

Yes, maize grows in other countries including US, UK and Canada.

Hello I want comment with Hausa. I na son zama Manomi musamman Masara Shinkafa da Waken soya. Ina neman taimakon ku na horarwa. Da fatan zan samu

Well said and well done.

Thanks for this information. I am working on getting a loan to start maize, rice and soybeans farming in full scale. I need help in preparing my business plan

Hello Emmanuel, there are a lot of resources online that can help you put together a decent business plan. You can start from there and you may want to consult a professional if you are unable to proceed further.

This is so interesting, thank you so much really appreciate.

Please house I want to know the best pesticide for corn

How To Start A Lucrative Maize Processing Business in Nigeria: The Complete Guide

How To Start Maize Business in Nigeria or Africa: Complete Guide

Maize is a very popular food staple in Nigeria and a very crucial ingredient in the production of many foods consumed in Nigeria.

In 2014, the global production of Maize totalled 1.04 billion tonnes. The United States, Brazil and China are the three top producers of maize. The three countries together produce an estimate of 563 million metric tonnes of maize per year out of 717 million tonnes produced globally. In 2016, the US alone produced 56.5 million metric tonnes of maize.

Nigeria has an annual maize production of 7 million metric tonnes. The total land area planted with Maize in Nigeria is above 2.5 million hectares, and with an estimated yield of above 1.4 metric tonnes per hectare.

In terms of volume produced, Maize is the third most consumed cereal grown in Nigeria after millet and sorghum. It comes after rice and wheat in terms of global importance. Maize is mostly cultivated throughout the world, and a more significant amount of Maize is produced each year than any other grain. Looking to start a lucrative maize production business in Nigeria or Africa? You’ll find a helpful guide as you to read on.

See Also : How To Start A Lucrative Dates Farming Business in Nigeria: The Complete Guide

What is Maize?

Maize (Zea Mays) is a cereal plant that yields large grains (corn) set in rows on a cob. It is an annual grass which belongs to the family Gramineae, which includes such plants as wheat, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane. Maize has lots of economic, health and consumption value worldwide.

What is Maize Processing?

Maize processing is the process of transforming maize into various products for human use and consumption.

See Also : How To Start A Lucrative Tangerine Farming Business in Nigeria: The Complete Guide

Business Opportunities Associated With Maize Processing In Nigeria & Around The World

1). source of food:.

Maize is a cereal plant that produces grains which can be cooked, roasted, fried, ground, pounded or crushed to prepare various food items like pap, Tuwo, Gwate, Donkunu and a host of others. Boiled or roasted maize is one of the most popular street foods.

2). Maize Flour Production:

Maize flour is a white free-flowing powder derived from milling maize, followed by washing, concentrating, centrifuging, drying, milling and sifting to give a natural maize starch. It can be used to make bread, muffins, pancake mixes, infant foods, biscuits, wafers, breakfast cereals, and as a filler, binder, and carrier in meat products.

3). Popcorn:

Popcorn is gotten entirely from maize. It is one great snack in Nigeria in constant demand. It is consumed mainly as refreshments at events and in cinemas.

4). Source of Animal Feed:

Maize constitutes the primary ingredient of animal feed for poultry. It is preferred as an animal feed due to its low cost (compared to other cereals), low fibre content. It is also preferred for its high starch content which consists of concentrated energy food.

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Facts and Benefits of Maize

Maize is produced annually much more than any other grain
Maize was introduced into Africa around the 1500s and has since become one of Africa’s dominant food crops
Immature maize shoots accumulate as a powerful antibiotic substance.
Maize is an annual grass which belongs to the family Gramineae, which includes such plants as wheat, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane.
Maize is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins A, C and E, and essential minerals, and contain 9% protein.
Corn is the primary cereal grain as measured by production but ranks third as a staple food, after wheat and rice.
Maize flour is enriched with thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, iron and zinc.
Maize is a significant source of starch, dietary fibre, and calories which are a good source of energy.
Every cob has an even number of rows
Over 90 million acres of land worldwide is used for growing maize.
The USA, China, Brazil, India and Argentina are the leading producers of maize worldwide.
Ogun, Ondo, Niger, Taraba, etc. are areas in Nigeria where corn is grown.
There are many thousands of hybrid corns but six major types.
The world record for the tallest maize stalk is 33 ft.
Prior to the 20th century, corn harvesting was done purely by manual labour
Corn was used as currency among the early North Americans

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Types of maize.

The six types of maize are:

1). Dent Maize:

Also known as field maize, it is the most widely cultivated maize in the U.S. It contains soft starch granules. It is either a yellow or white grain and is used mainly for livestock farming. Dent maize is also used food production and contains a mixture of hard and soft starches which become indented when dried.

2). Lint Maize:

Lint maize is similar to dent maize. It has a tough outer husk and is characterized by a broad range of colours. This variety of corn has very little soft starch in its grain, unlike the dent maize.

3). Pod Maize:

Pod maize is not a wild ancestor of maize but a mutant that forms leaves around each kernel.

4). Popcorn:

Popcorn is a kind of lint maize but has a different size, shape, starch level and moisture content. It has a hard outer husk and a delicate starchy core. It has tiny kernels (grains) on a small ear. The starch granules are enclosed in a robust and also elastic covering. When heated, the sturdy cover withstands steam pressure until it explodes. When heated up, the natural moisture inside the kernel turns to steam and builds up enough pressure before it eventually explodes. Other varieties of dried Maize may burst open slightly when heated but not like popcorn. Popcorn is unique in its taste.

5). Floury Maize:

The floury maize seed consists mainly of soft starch which is surrounded by a layer under the pericarp. It is mostly grown in the most Southern parts of Nigeria.

6). Sweet Maize:

Sweet maize has a very soft starch and will never pop. It contains more sugar than the other types of maize. Sweet maize is valued for its sweet flavour. It has a higher sugar content than all the other species and is usually boiled or canned. Sweet maize is picked and eaten while the ears are in the immature milk stage, and the kernels are tender.

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How To Start A Maize Processing Business: A Step-By-Step Guide

The production process of maize flour production entails pre-cleaning, cleaning, tempering, crushing, germination, milling, sieving and packaging.

1). Planting Maize:

The land used for maize farming should be sandy-loam soil. Before planting maize, the land is prepared to receive the maize seeds. Remove all the weeds and keep the soil loose for a good seedbed. Plant immediately after land preparations to allow maize to get ahead of weeds. The depth of the planting should not be more than 5 cm (2 inches) deep.

2). Maize Processing:

The dry-milling process includes particle size reduction of clean whole maize with or without separation, retaining all or some of its original maize germ and fibre. Processing maize involves mechanical separation and processing, resulting in dry shelf-stable products with a majority of both germ and fibre removed.

Fermented maize products, such as ogi (akamu), are prepared by soaking the maize kernel for 1 to 3 days until soft. It is then ground with an industrial grinding machine.

Challenges Of Maize Processing In Nigeria

Some challenges encountered in maize processing include:

Absence of capital for start-up
Pests and diseases attack
Lack of proper research
The high cost of production
Lack of storage facilities
Marketing problems
Occasional unfavourable soil temperatures and soil moisture for growing maize
Low government support
Lack of loan structures for maize farmers
Poor road network for transporting maize and maize products
Inability of local maize farmers to reach the international market.
Corn sluggish growth could affect eventual yields

See Also : How To Start A Lucrative Sesame Seeds Production Business in Nigeria: The Complete Guide

To Sum It Up

Nigeria produces a wide variety of agricultural commodities, which could serve as raw materials for industrial production and food crops for human consumption. The dual nature of such crops keeps them in high demand worldwide, and one of such plants is maize. Maize is a significant food staple for much of the world’s population and represents a vehicle for vitamin and mineral deficiency intervention.

The maize farming business in Nigeria can be a lucrative and profitable venture to start-up, due to its vast market demand and on your ability to build a wide supply chain network. If you’re looking for a supply chain business to venture into, the maize farming business in Nigeria is a great option to explore.

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What are your thoughts on how to start a maize processing business in Nigeria? Let me know by leaving a comment below.

All you need to know to start farming with maize in Nigeria

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In Nigeria, maize is consumed by a large number of families and households in many different forms. Maize cultivation and farming is done on a small, medium or big scale across the country. It is therefore an important source of income for many Nigerian farming households.

Despite the fact that it comes in a variety of colors, grain shapes and sizes, the popular cereal is mostly accessible for cultivation and consumption in two varieties: white and yellow maize. Yellow maize is mostly utilised for feed and human consumption, whereas the white variety is used for agriculture.

Maize is mostly utilised as animal feed, food grain, popcorn, baby corn, sweet corn and green cobs. Corn flour is also popular.

It is also used as a raw ingredient in hundreds of industrial goods such as oil, starch, alcoholic drinks, food sweeteners, pharmaceuticals , gum, textile, packaging, food cereals, cosmetics and paper.

How to start growing maize

The plants are pretty simple to cultivate, and even if you are a beginner, you will be able to grow them. You may readily protect the decreasing soil grade by growing maize.

When compared to rice, maize farming can save 90% of the water and 70% of the potency. And maize production can be more profitable than rice or wheat growing.

Choose a location

First of all, select a good location. Maize plants grow on soil that has a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5 .

It may be grown in a range of soil types such as sandy loams, and clay loams (heavy clay soil is not good for maize farming).

However, the soil must be rich in organic matter and have a high water-holding capacity.

Plants must be exposed to direct sunlight in order to produce more. So, take all these elements in mind while selecting land for maize farming.

Climate prerequisites for farming

Maize plants are planted all over the world, and they may thrive in a broad range of environmental circumstances.

It is a warm-weather crop that does not grow well in locations where the minimum daily temperature is less than 19°C.

The germination process is quicker and less variable at soil temperatures ranging from 16°C to 18°C. In addition, the maximum temperature for maize growing is 30°C to 35°C. The seeds can sprout at temperatures as low as 10°C.

Select a type

You should choose a kind that is widely planted and available in your region. There are several kinds of maize to choose from. The six main kinds are sweet corn, flour corn, popcorn, pod corn, flint corn and dent corn.

Sowing

Seed should be drilled at a consistent depth and into wet soil.

For maize to grow, soil temperatures should be 8°C first thing in the morning for four to five days. All maize should be drilled in the last ten days of April, but climate will definitely vary by region.

Irrigation

Maize plants, on average, need less water than other crops. Although proper and frequent watering will assist in the growth of healthy plants. The land must have an adequate drainage system to prevent excessive retention for a good maize growing enterprise.

Water gently once a week for a month (during the early stage of this crop). Furthermore, supplemental watering should be provided every 25 – 30 days.

Control of weeds, pests and diseases

Weed management is crucial to the success of a maize farming business. Initially, remove any weeds from the field when plowing and harrowing.

After that, at least two additional hand weeding are required. The first weeding should take place 20 – 25 days after sowing, followed by a second 40 – 45 days later. Mulching can aid in the control of most weeds in the region.

Maize, like many commercial crops, is susceptible to pests and diseases. Corn worm, stalk borer or stem borer, shot bug, pink borer, termites and shoot fly are common maize plant pests.

Harvesting

Harvesting begins when the outer covering of the cobs turns from green to white.

When the stalks have dried and the moisture level of the grain is between 20 and 17%, it is the optimal time to harvest maize.

Maize may be harvested by hand, and machines can be used to separate the seeds.

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Maize Farming in Nigeria – How to Plant Maize

July 2, 2022

Maize farming is the cultivation of maize crop from the stage of planting to the last stage of harvesting, processing and marketing. Maize farming in Nigeria involves growing activities like the planting of the maize seeds, caring for the maize plants and harvesting the maize produce.

Maize is one of the most consumed staple foods in Nigeria, this makes the rowing of maize one of the most profitable farming ventures anyone can do in Nigeria.

Maize is also an industrial raw material. Maize is used by a lot of manufacturers and producers for the production of maize grits, flour, starch, glucose and pap etc.

Steps to take to start maize farming in Nigeria

The following are the steps to plant maize in Nigeria:

Farmland or Site Selection
Climatic Requirements
Soil Suitable for Maize Farming
Soil Preparation
Maize Variety to Plant
Equipment to Use for Maize Farming
Planting of the Maize Seeds
Weed Control
Fertilizer and Manure Management
Management of Pests and Diseases
Post-Harvest

1) Farmland or Site Selection

The site or farmland to be used for maize farming in Nigeria should have a suitable soil. The soil should be fertile and rich in the needed nutrients. The site must not be a waterlogged area as maize does not do well in a waterlogged location.

The farmland site should be easily accessible so that the maize produce can be easily evacuated to the market after harvest. Nearness of the farm to market is a key advantage in maize farming.

2) Climatic Requirements

Maize only grows well in areas with tropical climatic conditions. Maize needs a warm area with abundant rainfall. However, irrigation can be used if rainfall is not adequate.

Maize will not do well in cold temperate areas. Maize does not like cold conditions as it will not grow well. Abundant sunshine is also needed for a successful maize farming venture.

3) Soil Suitable for Maize Farming

Maize can be planted in sandy soil, sandy loamy soil and sandy laterite soil. Maize is a fairly rugged crop and can grow in most types of soil, however. It will do well if planted in a loamy soil.

The soil pH should be 5.0 – 7.5. Acidic soil should be amended with limestone or dolomite. Limestone will add calcium to the soil and increase the pH.

4) Soil Preparation

If your farmland is in a forested area, you need to do bush clearing depending on the size of the land. Bulldozers can be used to remove the vegetation on the farmland. However, care must be exercised so that the top soil will not be removed.

Ploughing, harrowing and ridging should also be done. Ploughing can be done severally so that the soil will be loose enough for cultivation or rowing of maize. Ridging may not be needed if the soil is loose.

5) Choosing the Maize Variety to Plant

The most productive maize varieties to plant are the hybrid maize seeds . They are also hardy, they also tolerate pests and diseases better than the open pollinated varieties.

The following are some of the maize varieties you can plant:

a) Dekalb Maize Seeds: DK 920, DK 818, DK 234 , DK 777

b) Pioneer Hybrid Maize Seeds

c) SeedCo Maize Seeds: SC 645, SC 649, SC 651, SC 510, SC 719

d) Premier Seeds: Oba 98 (white, QPM), Oba Super-1 (white), Oba Super-2 (yellow) and Oba Super-3 (white) etc.

e) Open Pollinated Varieties: Sammaz Series.

6) Equipment to Use for Maize Farming

The following equipment can be used for maize farming

Power Tiller
Earth Augers
Weeders etc.

7) Irrigation

Most maize farmers in Nigeria do not grow their crop under irrigation. However, irrigation can assure all year round farming of maize. It can also significantly increase the yield of maize.

The following types of irrigation can be used for maize farming in Nigeria:

Drip Irrigation : Drip irrigation is the passing of uniform volume of water to the roots of plants. It can also be used for Fertigation and Chemigation. Drip irrigation can siginifcantly increase the yield of maize.

Sprinkler : Sprinklers like spray tubes, rain hoses, center pivots and rain guns spray droplets of water to the surfaces of plants and the soil. They can be used to grow maize when there is no rainfall.

Furrow Irrigation : Furrow irrigation involves passing water to the furrows of ridges or beds. It is a type of irrigation that can be used for maize farming in Nigeria.

8) Planting of the Maize Seeds

You should dig a small hole like 2-3cm deep and should not be more than 5cm and drop one maize seed per hole. The planted maize seeds should be buried.

It is advisable you have an intra-plant spacing of 25 cm and an inter-row spacing of 75 cm when planting maize. With this, the farm will have about 55,000 plants per hectare. If you do 20cm intra-plant spacing, about 66,000 maize plants will be in one hectare of farmland.

Low plant population is one of the reasons of low yield in maize farming in Nigeria.

9) Weed Control

The use of herbicides like Lagon, Paraquat, Glyphosate and Atrazine is the most effective way of addressing weeds problem in maize farming. However, reckless application of pesticides can negatively impact the soil.

To control weeds with Primextra Gold, apply 250-300 ml per 15 litre sprayer and spray the farmland immediately after sowing of the maize seeds.
To control weeds with Lagon, apply 250-300 ml and spray the farmland immediately after planting and not later than 1-2 days after sowing of the maize seeds.
To control weeds with Glyphosate, apply 350 ml per 15 litre sprayer and spray during land preparation.

Plastic mulches and organic mulches like rice husk and straws can be used to cover the surface of the soil to prevent the growth of weeds.

For small maize farms, cutlasses and hoes can be used to remove weeds.

Cover crops like cowpea can also be used for weeds management.

10) Fertilizer and Manure Management

Maize is a heavy feeder so it needs a lot of nutrients. Maize is one of the few crops that need a lot of nitrogen. One hectare of maize farm will need about 8-15 bags of NPK and Urea fertilizers (50kg).

The mixing of all your fertilizers with potassium humate like King Humus can significantly increase your yield .

You must bury all the applied fertilizers so that they will not waste away. Soil improver like manure, rice husks and plant materials can also be used for your maize farm. You can also use microbial innoculants.

The drip irrigation system can be used to pass soluble fertilizers to the roots of your maize plants. This process is called Fertigation.

11) Management of Pests and Diseases

Your maize farm may record zero yield if you don’t manage pests and diseases well. Pesticides like insecticides, fungicides, bactericides and nematicides etc. should be used in maize farming to manage pests and diseases.

Some of the common pesticides used for maize farming in Nigeria include Belt Expert, Decis, Ampligo and Tihan etc. These pesticides can be used to tackle the problem of fall army worms.

12) Harvesting

When the silk of the maize plant turns brown, it is time for harvest of the fresh corn cobs. Fresh corn can be harvested after 50 – 70 days. If you want to harvest your maize as dry grains, this can be done after 85 – 120 days depending on the variety planted.

Mechanised harvesters can be used for the harvesting of maize cobs. Cutlasses, knives and sickles can also be used.

13) Post-Harvest

Maize is usually shelled after harvest. Maize can be shelled by hand and by mortised shellers. Maize can be processed pap, starch, ethanol, flour and starch etc. After shelling, the maize grains should be bagged and stored in a clean and dry area. The bags of maize grains usually weigh 100kg.

Silos can be used to store maize grains. Processed maize grains can be sold in the open market, they can also be sold to big industrial users like breweries and food processors.

How Much Does it Cost to Start a One Hectare Maize Farm in Nigeria

The cost to start a one hectare maize farm is detailed below:

Rent of one hectare farmland: ₦20,000
Clearing, Ploughing and Harrowing: ₦55,000
Seeds: ₦50,000
Planting: ₦10,000
Irrigation: ₦300,000 – ₦650,000 (Optional)
Fertilizers and Manure: ₦20,000 – ₦100,000 (Depending on soil fertility)
Pesticides: ₦20,000
Others: ₦100,000

FAQ on Maize Farming

a) Question: Can I get high yielding and early maturing maize varieties in Nigeria

Answer: You can get high yielding and early maturing maize varieties from us.

b) Question: Can drip irrigation be used for maize farming?

Answer: Yes, drip irrigation can be used for maize farming. It can also significantly increase the yield of maize plants.

c) Question: Is maize farming profitable?

Answer: Maize farming can be very profitable if good agronomic practices are implemented.

d) Question: When is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria?

Answer: The dry season months of December to March is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria. During this time, the prices of maize go very high.

e) Question: What is the average yield of maize?

Answer: The average maize farmer does 1 – 2 tons yield per hectare of maize. However, yield can be up to 7 – 12 tons per hectare if hybrid seeds, drip irrigation and good fertilizers and pesticides are used.

f) Question: What fertilizers are good for maize farming in Nigeria?

Answer: Urea and NPK fertilizers are the usual fertilizers used for maize farming in Nigeria. However, fertilizers like humates, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate etc. can be used for maize farming too.

Should you need any information on maize farming in Nigeria, kindly contact us through [email protected] .

Read our latest article on the best time to plant maize in Nigeria .

Alternatives to pioneer maize seeds

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Resources for Students and Project Managers

Maize Farming

TABLE OF CONTENTS of Maize farming business plan

Executive summary

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– – – – – – – 1 Introduction – – – – – – – 2 2.1 Vision – – – – – – – – – 2 2.2 Mission – – – – – – – – – 2 2.3 Success factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.4 Risk factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.5 Business ownership – – – – – – – 2 2.6 Location factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.7 Available market – – – – – – – – 3 3.0 Products – – – – – – – – – 4 3.1 Costing – – – – – – – – – 4 3.2 Market demand – – – – – – – – 4 3.3 Projected demand – – – – – – – 4 4.0 Market analysis – – – – – – – – 6 4.1 Consumer/market segmentation – – – – – 6 5.0 Marketing plans – – – – – – – – 7 5.1 Promotion strategy – – – – – – – 7 5.2 Market strategy – – – – – – – – 7 5.3 Market positioning – – – – – – – 7 5.4 Sale summary – – – – – – – – 7 6.0 Technical analysis – – – – – – – – 8 6.1 Schedule of operation – – – – – – – 8 6.2 Management and Organization – – – – – – 8 6.3 Values and norms – – – – – – – – 9 7.0 Legal, environmental and social issues – – – – 10 7.1 Legal issues – – – – – – – – 10 7.2 Environmental issues – – – – – – – 10 7.3 Social issues – – – – – – – – 10 8.0 Risk analysis – – – – – – – – 11 9.0 Summary of project cost – – – – – – – 12 9.1 Fixed capital investment – – – – – – – 12 9.2 Utility and other expenses – – – – – – 12 9.3 Working capital investment – – – – – – 13 10.0 Profitability analysis – – – – – – – 14 10.1 The relevant details – – – – – – – 14 10.2 Cash flow projection – – – – – – – 14 10.3 Projected balanced sheet – – – – – – – 14 11.0 Appendix. – – – – – – – – –

PART I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY for the Maize Farming Business Plan

The following is a proposal for MAIZE FARM NIGERIA LTD in Agbor, Delta State.

This project requires N1, 000,000. N600, 000 for fixed assets and N400, 000 for working capital. The vision of this enterprise is to ensure efficient production of maize seeds in Delta State, particularly in Agbor. This venture will be located in Agbor because of easy access to the market for sale. Availability of the market for business to serve is very important. The competitive edge of the enterprise lies on the ability to produce reasonable quantity of fresh maize, poultry feed, swallow, igba oka pap, agidi and popcorn.

Financial projection for the Maize production business Plan

PART II INTRODUCTION for the Maize Farming Business Plan

The plan of this maize farm is based on the result of the assessment of Agbor town of Delta State. This assessment has pointed out the high demand of maize products in the area while there are only few maize farms available. The establishment of JANERICH 55 maize farm will go a long way to address the poor maize production in Agbor metropolis. Vision: To ensure the availability of Maize product but known to the people and new uses that is not known which will serve as snacks to the people in and out of its season. Mission: To produce very healthy maize seeds that guarantee the best of product, free of infections.

Success factors in the Maize production business plan :

Planting of maize variety that people will have taste for. Ensuring the use of fertilizers in order to foster the proliferation of large quantity products that are healthy. Existence of reliable market outlets. Availability of water supply.

Risk factors in the Maize farming business plan :

This project is likely to attract people more than the number needed. If the farm land is not permanently owned, land dispute may interrupt the success of the business.

Business ownership for the maize farming Biz plan :

This business is solely owned by Bridget Onyemenam.

Location factors: it is located in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Information on the choice of location are: Nearness to the Agbor market, which create easy access of product for sale. Existence of good road. Cheap and reliable labour. The feasibility of land expansion for more products in the nearest future. Available market: It has been brought to notice that the demand figure increases every year to about 42% due to population rise. In Agbor, demands of maize consumers have been properly met by the existing suppliers of maize/maize products and this means that entrants will be attracted into the business as long as there will be expansion in the farm.

PART III PRODUCTS in the maize farming business plan / proposal

Fresh maize for direct eating (Corn either boiled or roasted). Poultry feed Popcorn Fufu Pap(akamu) Agidi

Costing: The costing of the products is built around feeding and poultry rearing. Feeding: Maize can be eaten directly after boiling or roasting. It can also be consumed in the form of pap, fufu, popcorn, and Agidi.

Poultry feed: It is a good supplement for agricultural fowls. Maize in addition to other things like crayfish, foster the growth of chickens.

Market Demand: The location of MAIZE FARM NIGERIA LTD in Agbor must extend its tentacles to the nearby markets like Abor market, Asaba main market, Igbaognogo market and even Onitsha main market. This will definitely boost the rate of demand of maize/maize products and as well the supply.

Projected Demand of maize producers in Agbor, Delta State: About 10,000 farmers/producers are needed in Lokoja yearly for the past three years. It is imperative to improve on this number since the demand for maize/maize products in Lokoja metropolis is increasing.

TO GET THE COMPLETE MAIZE FARMING BUSINESS PLAN & FEASIBILITY REPORT (INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS AND ALL) . Pay N10,000 to

GTBank (Guaranty Trust Bank) Account Name – Chudi-Oji Chukwuka Account No – 0044157183

After payment text your names, your e-mail address and what you paid for to 08060565721 and you’ll receive your MAIZE PRODUCTION BUSINESS PLAN & FEASIBILITY STUDY PROPOSAL .

Cassava Farming & Garri Processing
Rice Farming
Cocoa Farming

By BPN Staff

Maize Farming – Start Profitable Corn Production in 15 Steps

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Maize farming is very popular among the farmers in many parts of the world. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world with total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice.

And maize is called queen of cereals, because it has highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. Maize ( Zea mays ), also known as corn, is actually a cereal grain which is used for many different purposes.

It was first domesticated by the indigenous people in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago, and today it is very popular throughout the world.

The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and seperate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.

The plants are often 3 meters in height (but some natural strains can grow up to 13 meters). The stem is generally composed of 20 internodes of around 18 cm length. A leaf which grows from each node, is generally 9 cm in width and about 1.2 m in length.

Maize is in 3rd position in term of total staple food production. But a very little amount of total maize production is consumed directly by humans. Most of the maize is used for corn ethanol, animal feed and for producing other maize products, such as corn syrup and corn starch.

Table of Contents

What Are The Advantages/Importance Of Maize Farming Business?

Like many other commercial crop farming business, large scale maize farming business also offers several advantages.

Maize is a versatile crop and it is widely used in various industries. It is used in many industries from food to biofuels (providing farmers with multiple market options).
This crop has a relatively short growing period as compared to some other crops. And you can ensure quicker harvest cycles and potential for multiple harvests in a year.
Commercial maize farming is less capital-intensive as compared to some other types of agriculture related business.
Maize plants are very hardy and they are resilient to different weather conditions. This crop has less risk of crop failure and it ensures a more stable income for farmers.
Commercial maize farming can create great opportunities for profitability, flexibility, and resilience in the agricultural sector.

How to Start Maize Farming?

Starting maize farming business is not too tough. The plants are relatively easy to grow and you will able to grow if you are a beginner. Through maize farming, you can easily shield the deteriorating grade of soil.

Maize farming can help preserving 90% of water and about 70 of potency as compared with paddy. And maize farming can actually make more profit than paddy or wheat farming.

However, here we are describing more information about maize farming from selecting land, planting, caring to harvesting.

Step 1: Learn Practically

First of all, try to learn more about commercial maize production business practically. Like many other crop farming business, having practical knowledge is also very important for commercial maize farming business. So, try to learn more about this business practically from any of your nearest agriculture extension office or from any existing farmers in your area.

Step 2: Complete Maize Production Training

Completing a training is also very beneficial for operating a successful maize farming business. You can complete training from any of your nearest government or non-government organizations or from any agriculture extension office.

Step 3: Make An Effective Business Plan

A good and effective business plan helps to start and operate a business successfully. So, making a very good and effective business plan is very important. You can ask for help from an expert for making the business plan, especially if you are a beginner.

Step 4: Select A Good Location

First of all, select a good location for maize farming. Maize plants grow well in fertile soil with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. They can be grown on wide range of soil types including loamy, sandy loamy or clay loam soil (heavy clay soil is not good for maize farming).

But the soil needs to be rich in organic content and have to have good water containing capacity. The plants also require full sun for better yield. So, consider all these factors while selecting land for starting maize farming.

Step 5: Prepare The Soil Perfectly

For preparing the soil, first of all remove all the weeds and remains of previously grown crop from the field. Then plough the land to bring the soil to fine tilth. 6-7 ploughing and harrowing will be required for making the soil fully prepared for maize farming.

As the maize plants grow very well in organic content rich soil, so try to add as much organic contents (fully-rotted aged manure or compost) as you can. 4-6 tons of fully decomposed aged manure will be enough for 1 acre land.

For commercial maize farming, you also have to apply some chemical fertilizers into the soil. Applying 20-24 kg phosphorus, 60-70 kg nitrogen and 10-12 kg potash per acre will be required for optimal production.

Soil test is necessary to know deficiency of any nutrient in the soil, and exact amount of chemical fertilizers can vary from place to place. So test the soil before applying chemical fertilizers.

Step 6: Consider The Climate Requirements For Maize Farming

The maize plants are grown throughout the world, and the plants can grow in a wide variety of climatic conditions. It is actually a warm weather crop and doesn’t grow well in the areas where the minimum daily temperature is less than 19 °C.

The seeds can germinate as low as 10 °C, but the germination process will be faster and less variable at soil temperature of 16 °C to 18 °C. And maximum temperature for maize farming is 30 °C to 35 °C.

Step 7: Consider The Best Time For Maize Farming

Maize is a warm season crop, and is cold-intolerant. The seeds must be shown in the spring in the temperate zones. Actually, it can be grown throughout the year, but grow best between 21 °C and 27 °C temperature.

Step 8: Select The Right Type/Variety For Your Production

There are some different types of maize to choose from. The 6 major types of maize are sweet corn , flour corn, popcorn, pod corn, flint corn and dent corn. You should choose such a type which is widely grown and available in your area.

Step 9: Purchase Good Quality Seeds

After selecting your desired type of maize, purchase seeds from any of your nearest market or seed supply stores. Maize is very common and popular throughout the world, so you will easily be able to purchase seeds from your local market.

Step 10: Determine The Quantity Of Seeds Per Acre

Total amount of seeds per acre depends on many different factors. Exact amount of seeds required per acre can vary depending on production purpose, seed size, season, plant type and sowing method.

On average you will need about 8-10 kg/acre for spring crop, about 8 kg/acre for sweet corn, about 7 kg/acre for pop corn, about 16 kg/acre for baby corn and about 20 kg/acre for fodder production.

Step 11: Planting

The maize seeds are planted in rows. But space between rows and between plants can vary depending on the maize type. Spacing the rows to about 2 feet apart and the plants to about 8 inches apart will be good for winter crop and both sweet and baby corn production.

Spacing 20×6 inches will be good for pop corn production and 12×4 inches will be good for fodder production. You can sow the seeds manually by dibbling or by mechanically with help of tractor drawn ridger seed drill. And sow the seed to about 1 inch deep.

Before sowing, treat the seeds with fungicides for preventing seed and soil borne diseases. Treating the seeds with Thiram or Carbendazim at the rate of 2 grams per kg seed will be good.

Step 12: Caring

Taking additional care is must for successful maize farming business and for maximum yield. The plants will grow better and produce more if you take additional care of the plants. Here we are describing more about the steps for caring the maize plants.

Fertilizing: Additional fertilizers may be required for maize farming. Test the soil and take advice from an experienced agriculture specialist before applying additional fertilizers.

Watering: The maize plants generally require less water as compared to other crops. Although timely and adequate watering will help the plants to grow well. Apply a light watering immediately after sowing the seeds. Then water lightly after a week for a month (during the early stage of this crop). And additional watering should be applied after every 25-30 days. Avoid water stagnation and the land must have to have good drainage system for successful maize farming business.

Controlling Weeds: Controlling weeds is very important for successful maize farming business. Initially you should remove all the weeds from the field while ploughing and harrowing. And then at least 2 additional hand weeding is required. The first weeding should be done on 20-25 days and another is on 40-45 days after sowing. Mulching can help to control most of the weeds from the field.

Step 13: Try To Control Pests And Diseases

Like many other commercial crops, the maize is also susceptible to some pests and diseases. Corn worm, stalk borer or stem borer, shoot bug, pink borer, termites and shoot fly are some common pests for the maize plants.

Downy mildew, leaf spot, post flowering stalk rot and maydis leaf blight are some common diseases for the maize plants. Contact your nearest agriculture extension office or consult with an specialist for having recommendation for controlling all these pests and diseases.

Step 14: Harvesting

You can start harvesting when cobs outer cover turns from green to white. Actually when the stalks have dried and moisture of the grain as about 20-17%, is the optimum time for harvesting maize. You can harvest the maize manually by hand, and there are machines available for separating the seeds.

Step 15: Yield

Yield can vary depending on many different factors. But on average, you can expect about or up to 2500 kg per hectare.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

People ask many questions about maize farming. Here we are trying to list the most common questions about corn farming, and trying to answer them. Hope you will find your answer. Don’t hesitate to ask us if you have more questions.

What is the origin of maize?

Maize is the domesticated variant of teosinte. Several theories had been proposed about the specific origin of maize in Mesoamerica. Probably, it was first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

What are the other names of maize?

Maize is known by many other names in many different parts of the world. It’s other names include corn, Indian corn, sweet corn, mealie etc. Maize is also known by some other local names in many different languages. It is known as Mielie in Afrikaans, Makki or Makai in Hindi, Bhutta in Bengali, Makoi in Assamese, Makai in Gujarati, Musukina Jola in Kannada, Cholam in Malayalam, Maka in Marathi, Makaa in Oriya, Iringu in Sinhala, Jola in Tulu and Mokka Jonna in Telugu.

What are the uses of maize?

Maize is used for many different purposes. It is mainly used as fodder for animals, food grain, pop corn, baby corn, sweet corn and green cobs. Corn flour is also widely used. Maize also serves as a basic raw material to thousands of industrial products that may include oil, starch, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners, pharmaceutical, gum, textile, package, food cereals, cosmetic and paper industries.

What is the nutritional value of maize?

All the types of maize are nutritious and good for human health. Raw, yellow sweet maize karnels are composed of 1% fat, 3% protein, 19% carbohydrates and 76% water, And a serving of 100 gram maize karnels provide about 86 calories and are a very good source of vitamin B, thiamin, niacin, folate and pantothenic acid. They also provide moderate amounts of dietary fiber and some essential minerals such as phosphorus and magnesium.

What are the health benefits of consuming maize/corn?

Consuming maize or corn has some health benefits. Most notable health benefits of consuming maize are mentioned below.

Due to the fiber content, consuming maize is good for digestion.
Maize can help in lowering LDL cholesterol.
Regular consumption of corn can helps in preventing skin problems and can also help to combat with hair loss.
Consuming corn is beneficial for heart, and it may helps in preventing Alzheimer’s disease.
Eating maize is good for preventing diabetes and hypertension.
It can help in improving vision and it also has anti-cancer properties.

Is maize farming profitable?

Yes, commercial maize farming is a very profitable business. You can start this business for making good profits.

How to start maize farming business?

First of all select a good site for corn/maize farming, prepare the land perfectly, choose the right variety, purchase seends, plant in the field and care for the plants.

How long does maize take to grow?

Depends on the breed. But generally most of the corn varieties become ready for harvesting within 100 days from planting.

How many times is maize planted in a year?

You can take 2-3 crops in a year from the same field.

Is maize a profitable crop?

Yes, commercial maize farming is a profitable business. Demand of maize is very high in the market and the price is also good. So, you can start this business for making profits.

In which month maize is planted?

Depends on your location. For example, if you are from India then Kharif maize is sown in June to July till August and harvested in December.

Does maize need a lot of water?

Yes, maize plants grow very fast and require lots of water.

Which soil is best for maize?

Fertile, well-drained and sandy loam soil is considered as best for maize farming.

What is the correct spacing for maize?

The recommended spacing is 75cm between rows and 25cm for plants.

How do I become a successful maize farmer?

For becoming a successful maize farmer you have to choose a disease resistant and high yielding maize variety. And you also have to take good care of the plants for having good yield.

Which weather is good for maize?

Dry weather is considered best for maize farming business.

Should I water corn every day?

No, you don’t have to water your plants everyday. Watering them once per week will be enough.

How do you increase maize yield?

Apply both organic and chemical fertilizers for increasing maize yield.

What is the best time to fertilize maize?

Fertilize your field when the soil is moist.

What fertilizer does maize need?

Maize plants require a balance of NPK fertilizers. But potassium is the nutrient required in the greatest amount by maize.

How many seeds of maize should be planted per hole?

You should plant 2-3 seeds per hole.

How many maize seeds can you plant per acre?

You will need about 10 kg seeds for planting one acre land.

Can maize be planted all year round?

Yes, maize is now cultivated throughout the year.

How long is the life cycle of maize?

Average lifespan of the maize plants is between 120 and 150 days.

Does maize need full sun?

Yes, the maize plants grow best in full sun.

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3 thoughts on “maize farming – start profitable corn production in 15 steps”.

it is very helpful. i would be extremely happy if u continue to send me more information on other commercial crops. i am a young farmer who is now venturing into the business of commercial farming and i would need help to succeed. Please can you send me information on the ready markets for all cash crops in the world. thank you.

Great.good work

Sincerely apprecieted the writer. God Bless you.

maize farming business plan in nigeria

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Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Business Plan for Commercial Maize Farming in Nigeria & Maize Farming Project Proposal

Also Read: Palm Oil Business Plan in Nigeria

Feasibility Report on Maize Production in Nigeria / Market Overview

Profitability of Maize Production in Nigeria / Why should you invest in it

How to start a commercial maize farm in Nigeria

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Copyright 2024 All Rights Reserved, Dayo Adetiloye

How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

1. Farmland Site Selection

2. Time and Season to Plant

3. Land preparation and planting

4. Choosing of the Maize Variety or Seeds to Grow

5. Plant Population

6. Equipment Needed for Maize Farming in Nigeria

7. Irrigation for Maize Farming

8. Climatic Conditions

9. Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field

10. Weed Control

11. Fertilisers and Manures

12. Pests and Diseases Management

13. Harvest

14. Post Harvest

15. Insurance

Guide for Hybrid Maize Cultivation – One Hectare

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Maize Production in Nigeria

Popular Maize Varieties in Nigeria

Pioneer Corn Seed – Hybrid

Dekalb Maize Seeds – Hybrid

Seedco – Hybrid

Premier Maize Seeds

Profit Analysis of Maize Farming

Profit Analysis for Dry Grains

Maize Farming for Fresh Cobs

Dry Season Maize Farming in Nigeria

Government Interventions in Maize Farming

CBN/NIRSAL MFB LOAN

CBN ANCHOR BORROWERS SCHEME

IFAD SCHEME

FADAMA Scheme

Health Benefits of Maize or Corn

Foods that can be derived from maize or corn

How Many Bags of Maize Can an Acre or Hectare Produce

Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Maize

Questions and Answers

Ayo Akinfolarin

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria

What is Maize Farming?

Importance of Maize and Maize Farming

Is Maize farming a Lucrative Business?

Create a Business Plan

Land and Soil Preparation

Watering of Plants

Sales of Maize

Acquire land in a good location

Planting of seeds

Harvesting of Maize

Related Posts:

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

Introduction

How Profitable Is Maize Farming In Nigeria?

The Best Time To Grow Your Maize

The Cost Of Setting Up A Maize Farm

How To Start A Maize Farm

1. Register Your Farm

2. Select The Best Land For Your Crop

3. Prepare The Land For Planting

4. Select The Best Maize Variety

5. Plant The Seeds

6. Fertilize and Control Pest

7. Harvest Time

8. Market! Market!! Market!!!

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The Complete Guide to Starting a Successful Maize Farming Business in Nigeria

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