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LaTeX Template for KNU's PhD Thesis Document

gcunhase/PhdThesis-LatexTemplate

Folders and files, repository files navigation.

LaTeX style file for KNU's Ph.D. thesis document

(c) Gwenaelle Cunha Sergio ( [email protected] ) and Dennis Singh Moirangthem ( [email protected] )

Note 1 : Compile with XeLaTeX if you wish to use the same fonts I'm using. Otherwise, you can change it to the default fonts and it will compile with pdfLaTeX .

Note 2 : This was not made for monetary purposes and it is free for anyone to use. However, if you do use it or modify it, please acknowledge this repository.

KNU thesis format

Thesis format for graduate students at Kyungpook National University, Korea

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Disquisition Formatting Guidelines and Templates

Graduate school formatting guidelines.

Your disquisition must meet the Graduate School’s requirements for formatting and construction in order to obtain final approval. These requirements are intended to maintain a consistent standard of quality among all published NDSU disquisitions and to make sure that your disquisition reflects well upon your work as a student. 

Our formatting guidelines are below and in a downloadable PDF. The PDF document is the most complete record of our policies and guidelines and should be referred to for examples and more information. We recommend that you review the disquisition formatting guidelines in either form before you format your disquisition.

• Download Formatting Guidelines

If you need information about general disquisition requirements, including the required order of elements and a submission checklist, visit the  General Requirements  page or the formatting guidelines download.

Note : The Graduate School does not edit, proofread, or otherwise review disquisitions for content. Ensure that you have proofread your text, images, and front and back matter prior to submitting your document to the Graduate School. Your disquisition content must be complete and approved by your committee before you begin the disquisition review process.

NDSU Disquisition Templates

NDSU’s Disquisition templates are designed to provide assistance in completing graduate dissertations, theses, and master’s papers. There is a template for numbered headings and a template for non-numbered headings. Each template provides the basic structure, styles, and automated Table of Contents and prefatory lists (based on styles) that will help you to quickly produce a document in keeping with our formatting guidelines.

We have a downloadable manual on using our templates (below) which explains the styles, the automations, and tips for further formatting. We strongly recommend that you consult this guide along with using our templates.

You can see a video demonstration of the templates and other matters of formatting with Word in our Word Crash Course video series . If you have any questions or would like further assistance with NDSU’s templates, please contact the Disquisition Processor or the LAIC . 

Template Downloads (updated February 2023)

How to Use NDSU's Disquisition Templates

TEMPLATE - Non-Numbered Headings

TEMPLATE - Auto-Numbered Headings

A Quick Guide to the Templates: Annotated Table of Contents with Styles Pane   

Guide to Page Number Problems and Landscape Page Numbering

For further templates and examples of disquisition pages, click to expand the sections of the guidelines below. You can find templates or examples for:  Title Page , Disquisition Approval Page (several templates, for the different degree types and for co-chairs or single chair), Abstract , Acknowledgments, Dedication, Preface, Table of Contents, List of Tables/Figures/Schemes, List of Abbreviations/Symbols, Tables/Figures/Equations (under Equations). You can also find an example for the mandatory note for co-authored materials on our General Requirements page , under Copyright, Co-Authored Materials.

Disquisition Section Formatting

Below you can find explanations of the various sections and requirements of the disquisition. For specifications on file format, style manuals, copyright, and order of the sections of the document, see General Requirements . For formatting tutorials, see our video playlist . For Frequently Asked Questions about disquisitions, see Document Review .

Font, Line Spacing, Page Numbers, and Margins

• 10 point font : Arial, Courier New, Lucida Bright, Microsoft Sans Serif, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana, and Computer Modern (for LaTex documents)
• 11 point font : Century, Georgia
• 12 point font : Garamond, Times New Roman
• Paragraphs and headings : Double spaced.
• Table of Contents and List entries : Single spaced with a single blank line between each entry.
• Block quotations : May be either single spaced or double spaced, but it should be applied consistently throughout all chapters.
• Table/Figure/Scheme titles and notes : Single spaced.
• Reference section entries : Follow the guidance of your style manual.
• Paragraphs -  All body text paragraphs throughout the document (including in the Abstract) must be double spaced and have a 0.5 inch first line indent.
• Location : Center-aligned in the footer, at least .75 inch from the bottom of the page. Cannot be obscured by page content. Ensure that all page numbers throughout the document are at the same height and position.
• Style:  Plain numbers (with no “Page” heading or other decoration).
• Prefatory/front matter:  Lower-case Roman numerals, beginning with the Abstract, which should be on page iii.
• Body/chapters and end matter:  Arabic numerals beginning with “1” on the first page following the prefatory material.
• Landscape-oriented pages : Page numbers must appear in the left margin of the landscape page, rotated 90 degrees, so it appears in the same location and orientation as the portrait pages when the document is printed.
• One inch top, bottom, left, and right margins should be set for all pages.
• No content may extend into these margins (except page numbers, which may be set at .75 inch). Check that tables and figures do not extend into the margins. Check that page content starts at the top 1” margin with no blank lines of space above the start of the content.

The Title page must appear on the first page of the document.

Download the Title page template file and type your information into the appropriate fields. Then, you can copy and paste the file into your disquisition.

Additional requirements :

• Alignment – All content on the Title page must be center-aligned. Do not indent the center alignment.
• Font – You may set the font to be up to four points larger than the text in the body paragraphs.
• Page numbers – Do not include a page number on the Title page
• Title of disquisition  – Centered at the top of the page,double-spaced (line spacing 2.0), and in ALL CAPS. Do not force a line break in the title, but allow it to naturally extend to the margins.
• Type of disquisition – Identify whether it is a thesis, a paper, or a dissertation.
• Your full name – Include your middle name(s). No abbreviations or initials. This is for identification purposes and should be consistent with your name as given in NDSU's records (i.e., as it appears in Campus Connection).
• Type of degree – Such as “Master of Arts”, “Master of Science”, “Doctor of Philosophy”, and so on. Written in ALL CAPS.
• Major department or program – Use “Major Department:” or “Major Program:”, then identify your department or program on the line underneath the label. Only include a degree option if you have an official degree option granted by your department. Graduate Program and Department information can be found in the Graduate Bulletin.
• Month and year of final examination .

Disquisition Approval Page

You must submit two separate copies of the Disquisition Approval page. Copy 1 is kept in the Graduate School files, and Copy 2 is included in the disquisition.  

Copy 1 (for Graduate School files) 

Copy 1 of the Disquisition Approval Page requires the original signatures of your committee and the chairperson of your department, and your student ID number. Copy 1 must be submitted to the Graduate School before you submit your disquisition for review.

After you have completed all of the revisions that are required for your Final Examination, complete the following steps:

• Signature Page (DocuSign)
• Type the required information into the appropriate fields, and then collect the signatures of your committee members and department chair.
• Submit Copy 1 of the Disquisition Approval Page to the Graduate School.

Copy 2 (within disquisition) 

Copy 2 of the Disquisition Approval Page contains the same information as Copy 1, but do not include signatures or your student ID number on Copy 2. Instead, you must type the names of your committee members, the name of the department chairperson, and the date of approval in the appropriate fields. The Copy 2 page (within the disquisition) should not be a scanned image of the Copy 1 page. 

The NDSU template includes a Copy 2 Disquisition Approval page. If you are not using a template:

• Ph.D. with co-chairs
• M.S. with co-chairs
• M.A. with co-chair
• Type the required information into the appropriate fields, including the names of your committee members, the name of your department chair, and the date of approval.
• Insert Copy 2 of the Disquisition Approval page into your disquisition as the second page, immediately after the Title page. Do not include a page number on the Disquisition Approval page.

The Abstract is a brief summary of the content of your disquisition, including your research question or argument and your conclusions. It should be written with brevity and clarity in mind.

Your abstract could be read by people who are both inside and outside of your field of specialty, and they will use the abstract to determine if the rest of your disquisition is beneficial to them. Therefore, you should write the Abstract with a general audience in mind and use plain language (without jargon or unnecessary technical terms). It should summarize the main points of your disquisition, including the primary arguments that are made and the conclusions that are reached.

For more information about how to write an abstract, refer to the style manual of your discipline, or contact the Center for Writers.

• Word length – Abstracts for dissertations must use 350 words or less. Abstracts for papers or theses must use 150 words or less.
• Example – Download an example abstract in the correct format.

Acknowledgements

This is an optional section.

The Acknowledgements section can give thanks to people who provided assistance or support while you researched or wrote the disquisition. If you received funding from an outside source, you can use this section to give credit to that source (when such a statement is required by the funding source).

• Example –  Download example acknowledgments  in the correct format.

The Dedication usually gives a brief statement that dedicates the disquisition to a few significant people.

• Alignment and spacing – The Dedication text should be center-aligned and double spaced. Do not vertically center the dedication text.
• Example – Download an example dedication in the correct format.

The Preface can provide an autobiographical account of how the disquisition came to be, or include a significant quote that drove your research.

If you quote or refer to an outside source in the Preface, you must provide citations for those sources. For more information about citations, see References/Works Cited on this page.

• Example – Download an example preface in the correct format.

Table of Contents

The Table of Contents lists the major headings that appear in the disquisition and may also outline the hierarchy of subheadings that appear in the text.

All major headings that appear in the disquisition must be included in the Table of Contents, except for the Title page, the Disquisition Approval page, and the Table of Contents. You are not required to list subheadings in the Table of Contents; however, once you include one subheading of a particular level, then you must include all subheadings of that same level.

• Alignment and Indentation – All major headings must be aligned flush against the left margin. Subsequent levels of headings must be indented beneath the major heading that precedes them. Alignment and indentation must be consistent for all subheadings of the same level. To avoid awkward gaps between words, do not justify the alignment.
• Dot leaders – Use dot leaders to connect the last word of each heading with the page number where that heading appears.
• Entries – The headings that are included in the Table of Contents must be identical to the headings that appear in the text. This includes wording, punctuation, and capitalization. If you use numbered headings in the text, the headings must also be numbered in the Table of Contents. Do not allow headings to extend into the page number column. You might need to force a line break.

The Table of Contents should not have an entry for itself.

• Spacing – Entries longer than one line should be single spaced, and there should be one consistent line of space between each entry.
• Automated Table of Contents – Microsoft Word can create an automated Table of Contents. If you do use an automated Table of Contents, make sure that you follow the guidelines that are listed here. For more information about how to create an automated Table of Contents, contact the Disquisition Processor or  Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC).
• Example – Download an example Table of Contents in the correct format. 

List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

If you use tables, figures, schemes, or other non-text items in the chapters of your disquisition, then you must also include a list of those items in the prefatory material. Other non-text items for which a list could be created include (but are not limited to) maps, musical examples, etc. Tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items should be integrated into the text of your disquisition. For more information, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. on this page.

For more information about how to create lists for non-text elements, refer to the style manual that is used in your discipline. In many style manuals, content arranged in rows and columns is considered a table, while other visual content is considered a figure.

All tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements that appear in the text must be included in the prefatory lists.

Do not combine multiple types of items into the same list. For example, if you use both tables and figures in your disquisition, then you must include a List of Tables and a List of Figures.

If you use tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements in the appendix or appendices, then you must create a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, Etc. as well, which identifies those items that appear in your appendices. Do not include appendix items in the normal Lists of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

If you use equations in the disquisition, you may want to include a List of Equations in your prefatory material (this is optional). For more information, see Equations on this page.

Example – Download an example List of Tables, List of Figures, and List of Schemes in the correct formats.

• Alignment – Item numbers must be aligned flush against the left margin. Page numbers must be aligned flush with the right margin. To avoid awkward gaps between words, do not justify the alignment.
• Dot leaders – Use dot leaders to connect the last word of each title with the page number where that item appears.
• Do not allow headings to extend into the page number column. You might need to force a line break. If the title for an entry is longer than one line, indent the subsequent lines to align with the first word of the title. Subsequent lines for an entry should not align with the number for that entry.
• Font and Margins – The font must be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must also be the same size as the rest of your disquisition.
• Numbering – Items must be numbered sequentially based on the type of item, following the same numbering used by the items in the document.
• Order – The lists should appear after the Table of Contents. The List of Tables should appear before the List of Figures. For more information, see Required Order of Elements.
• Page numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with the rest of the disquisition. This is considered part of the prefatory material and must use lower-case Roman numerals.
• Spacing – If an entry is longer than one line it should be single spaced, and there should be one consistent line of space between each entry.
• Automated Lists – Microsoft Word can create automated lists. If you do use automated lists, make sure that you follow the guidelines that are listed here. For more information about how to create automated lists, contact the Disquisition Processor or the Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC) .

List of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions

If you use a large number of abbreviations, symbols, or defined terms, you may include a List of Abbreviations, List of Symbols, or List of Definitions. This type of list identifies the abbreviations, symbols, or glossary terms that are used in the body of the disquisition, and provides a definition for each item. This allows you to define all terms in one location for the benefit of your readers.

Ensure that the appropriate list is used for each item. For example, abbreviations or symbols that are used in the text and appendices should be included in either the  List of Abbreviations or List of Symbols. Do not include both abbreviations and symbols in a combined list.

The List of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions must appear after the List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information, see Required Order of Elements.

• When the definition of an item is longer than one line, subsequent lines should be aligned with the first word in the definition.
• To avoid awkward gaps between words, do not justify the alignment.
• Dot leaders – Use dot leaders to connect the abbreviation or symbol with its definition.
• Order – The List of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions appears after the List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information, see Required Order of Elements.
• Example – Download an example List of Abbreviations/Symbols in the correct format.

List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

If you include tables, figures, schemes, or other non-text items in your appendix (or appendices), then you must create a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. Other non-text items for which a list could be created include (but are not limited to) maps, musical examples, etc.

The Lists of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. appear in the prefatory material, after the List of Tables and List of Figures (which identify the non-text items that appear in the disquisition chapters), and also after the List of Abbreviations, List of Symbols, or List of Definitions (if they are included). All tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements that appear in the appendices must be included in the prefatory lists.

Do not combine multiple types of items into the same list. For example, if you use both tables and figures in the appendices of your disquisition, then you must include a List of Appendix Tables and a List of Appendix Figures.

Do not combine the appendix items into the Lists of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information about how to format tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items in the entire disquisition, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

• Column headings – Each prefatory list must include two column headings that appear under the major heading and above the entries in the List: the name of the items being listed (like “Table” or “Figure”), and the page numbers on which the items appear (“Page”). The item column must be flush against the left margin, and the “Page” column must be flush against the right margin of the page. Do not add “Appendix” to the column headings, as the major heading of the List is descriptive enough.
• Alignment – Item numbers must be aligned flush against the left margin. Page numbers must be aligned flush with the right margin. To avoid awkward gaps between words, do not justify the alignment in the entries.
• Do not allow headings to extend into the page number column. You might need to force a line break.
• If the title for an entry is longer than one line, indent the subsequent lines to align with the first word of the title. Subsequent lines for an entry should not align with the number for that entry.
• If you use only one appendix, then non-text items should be numbered sequentially within the appendix, and distinguished with the letter “A” that precedes the number (such as A1, A2, A3, and so on). For more information about using non-text item in an appendix, see Appendix/Appendices.
• If you use multiple appendices, then use letters that correspond with the letter of the appendix where the item appears. For example, the first table that appears in Appendix B would be numbered “Table B1”. For more information about using non-text items in appendices, see Appendix/Appendices.
• Order – The lists of appendix material appears after the List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information, see Required Order of Elements.
• Page numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with the rest of the disquisition. This is considered part of the prefatory material, and must use lower-case Roman numerals.
• Automated Lists – Microsoft Word can create automated lists. If you do use automated lists, make sure that you follow the guidelines that are listed here. For more information about how to create automated lists, contact the Disquisition Processor or Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC) .

The chapters contain the main content of your disquisition.

You are not required to use the label “Chapter” in the title of each chapter. However, each chapter must begin with a major heading and appear at the top of a new page.

You are not required to number each chapter unless you use numbered subheadings. For more information about numbered headings, see Headings.

Tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items should be integrated into the text of your disquisition (not bundled at the end of a chapter). For more information, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

• If each chapter is an individual paper, study, or experiment, only the title of the paper or study can appear as a major heading (such as “PAPER 1. THE EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON SUGARBEET PRODUCTION”). The section headings within the paper (such as “Abstract”, “Introduction”, “Literature Review” and so on) must appear as subheadings under the major title heading.
• Naming – You are not required to use “Chapter” in the name of each chapter.  If you use individual papers, studies, or experiments for each chapter, then you can name the chapters “Paper 1”, “Study 1”, “Experiment 1”, and so on. However, the naming must be consistent for all chapters of such content.
• Numbering – If you use numbered subheadings, then the heading number must precede the chapter title (such as “1. INTRODUCTION”). You may include a non-numbered introductory chapter ahead of the numbered chapters, as long as there are no subheadings or tables/figures in this non-numbered chapter.
• The first page of your first chapter must be numbered as page 1.

All elements of the disquisition must appear in the same font. Exceptions include the font that is used within figures, illustrations, equations, or other special elements. (Tables are not included as special elements.)

All font in the disquisition must be the same color.

Do not use italic font for the title of the thesis or dissertation.

To ensure proper conversion to .pdf format, disquisitions must use one of the following fonts:

• Arial (size 10)
• Century (size 11)
• Courier New (size 10)
• Garamond (size 12)
• Georgia (size 11)
• Lucida Bright (size 10)
• Microsoft Sans Serif (size 10)
• Tahoma (size 10)
• Times New Roman (size 12)
• Trebuchet MS (size 10)
• Verdana (size 10)

If you are writing a doctoral dissertation or a master’s thesis, you must embed all fonts when you convert your disquisition to a .pdf file. For more information about how to embed fonts, see Creating PDFs on the UMI ETD Administrator site.

All pages of the disquisition must use the following margins:

• For all text, images, figures, tables, and other elements, the margins must be at least 1 inch from all edges of the page. This means that all text must appear at least 1 inch away from the edge of the paper.
• For page numbers, the margins must be at least 0.75 inches from the bottom edge of the page.

For information about how to set up margins, contact the Technology Learning & Media Center (TLMC) .

All paragraphs in the disquisition must meet the following requirements.

• Alignment – All paragraphs in the disquisition must be aligned along the left margin of the page, except on the Dedication page. Do not justify the text alignment.
• When you insert a table or figure into the text, make sure to minimize the amount of space that appears above and below the item. Do not leave large amounts of space on the bottom of a page when a table, figure, or non-text item appears on the next page. You might need to shift some lines of text in order to accommodate non-text items. For more information, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc..
• Indents – Make sure that the first lines of all paragraphs in the disquisition are indented .5 inch.
• Spacing – Use double-spacing throughout all body paragraphs. 
• Widowed and Orphaned Text – Avoid separating the first or last line of a paragraph from the rest of the paragraph because of a page break. These separated lines are called orphans and widows. In Microsoft Word, you can turn on “Widow/Orphan Control” to automatically prevent this from occurring in your document. 
• Example – Download an example of paragraphs formatted in the correct style.

Headings identify new sections of your disquisition and must be easy to distinguish from the paragraph text. If you use several levels of headings, the different levels must be easily identifiable from both the text and from the various heading levels.

• Orphaned text - Make sure that headings are not orphaned at the bottom of a page, and separated from the first paragraph of content. For more information about orphans, see Paragraphs.
• Running headers – Do not use running headers at the top of each page in the disquisition. Headings should appear only at the beginning of each section.
• For more information about heading styles, refer to the style manual of your discipline (such as MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).

Major Headings  

Major headings are used at the beginning of the main sections of the disquisition, such as the prefatory material (like the Abstract, Acknowledgements, Table of Contents, etc.), the first page of each chapter, and the appendix (or appendices).

Major headings must use the following format:

• Appear at the top of the first page of a major section.
• Use center alignment.
• Use ALL CAPS in the same font type as the rest of the disquisition.
• Use a font size no larger than four points larger than the paragraph text of the disquisition.
• Must be included in the Table of Contents.

Subheadings  

Subheadings appear between paragraphs of text and do not use the same formatting that is used for the major headings. If you use several levels of subheadings, the different levels of subheadings must be easily identifiable.

You can distinguish subheadings through the use of italics, underlining, bold font, and the use of title case (capitalize all major words in the subheading) or sentence-case (capitalize only the first word in the subheading).

You do not have to include every level of subheading in the Table of Contents. However, if you include one subheading of a particular level, you must include all subheadings that appear in the disquisition that are of the same level. For more information and examples of subheadings, see Table of Contents.

Subheadings must meet the following requirements:

• Not begin a new page, unless the heading appears at a natural page break.
• Not use identical formatting as major headings. Only major headings can use all capital letters.
• Not be orphaned from the first paragraph in the section.

Numbered Headings vs. Non-numbered Headings  

Heading numbers are optional. However, when you use heading numbers for one level of heading, all headings in the disquisition must be numbered.

If you use heading numbers, a period must follow the numbers in the text and in the Table of Contents. For example, the first subheading in the second chapter would be numbered “2.1. Subheading”.

Download examples of numbered headings .

Download examples of headings without numbers .

When you use several equations in your disquisition, you might want to number the equations within the text. However, if you number one equation in the text, then you should number all of the equations that appear in the disquisition.

 You can number the equations sequentially according to the chapter in which they appear (such as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and so on), or you can number them in order of appearance, regardless of chapter or section (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on). However, you cannot have two equations labeled as “Equation 1”, for example.

To number an equation, include the equation number in parentheses and place it to the right of the equation. For an example of how to insert an equation into the text, and how to number equations, download this example document of non-text items .

If you use a large number of equations in your disquisition, you may choose to include a List of Equations in the prefatory material. For information about how to format lists, see List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, Etc.

Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

Tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items should be integrated into the text of your disquisition (not grouped at the end of a chapter). Ideally, a non-text item should be inserted on the same page where the item is first referenced in the text, or as close as possible to the first in-text reference.

For information about how to format tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items, refer to the style manual of your discipline (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

• If you have adapted the design of a figure or non-text item from another source’s original design, then you must include the citation of the original source in the title or caption of the image. You must also state that your figure or image has been adapted from the original source.
• Within tables, the font must be the same type as the rest of your disquisition. The size can be smaller if required to fit the table in the page margins.
• Within figures, schemes, and other non-text items, the font can be different than the rest of your disquisition, although the item title must be in the same font type as the rest of the document.
• You can number the items sequentially according to the chapter in which they appear (such as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and so on). Alternatively, you can number the items in the order that they appear, regardless of chapter or section (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on).
• If you have tables, figures, schemes, etc. in your appendix or appendices, then the item number must begin with the letter of the appendix, and the numbering should begin from the start of each appendix. For example, the first table in Appendix A would be numbered as "Table A1". For more information about numbering appendix items, see the "List of Appendix Figures, Schemes, etc."
• Try to insert an item as close to its first in-text reference as possible (but not before). Items should be included at a natural break on the page (at the top or bottom of a page, or between paragraphs).
• Titles – All tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items must have a title and a number (such as “Figure 1”), and must be included in the appropriate lists in the prefatory material. For information about how to format titles for non-text items, including punctuation and location of titles, refer to the style manual of your discipline.

References/Works Cited and Academic Honesty

Academic honesty is essential in all disquisitions. Whenever you use information from another source or refer to data that you did not create or discover, you must cite the original source of the data. This includes, but is not limited to, text, tables, figures, and other forms of data or intellectual property.

If you want to reproduce someone else’s content in your disquisition (for example, a table, figure, or model), you may be required to obtain a letter of permission from the copyright holder. Sometimes you may need permission from a publisher to reprint your own previously-published work. Make sure you understand what is and is not fair use and public domain for the materials you use, and that you understand the copyright agreement from your publications. For more information, see the Copyright section in  General Requirements (I recommend reading the Kenneth Crews article under “Use of Copyrighted Material”), and review the NDSU policies on Intellectual Property (especially section 6) and  Academic Responsibility and Conduct .

• Copyright permission letters – If you have copyright letters or permission letters, you may include them in an appendix of the disquisition. There is also a place to file these alongside your disquisition in ProQuest (Supplemental Files). In either case, be sure to redact any personal information such as phone numbers, addresses, and email addresses.
• Co-authored materials acknowledgment – If you are including co-authored materials in your disquisition, a clear and complete description of your contribution must be included as a footnote to the chapter heading in which the co-authored material appears. No co-authored materials can be included in the disquisition if your contribution is modest. For more information and an example of the mandatory note, see the Copyright > Co-Authored Materials section in General Requirements .
• If you are using a citation generator or manager, be sure to double-check automatically-generated citations for accuracy and completeness, paying special attention to capitalization, punctuation, author(s) names, font style (italics, for example), consistency in journal titles (full names vs. abbreviations, for example), and accordance with the citation style manual you are using.
• Citations  – For in-text citations, footnotes, endnotes, or other citation types, refer to the style manual of your discipline (such as MLA, APA, Chicago, IEEE, and so on). Use one style guide throughout the disquisition—do not change from chapter to chapter, even if you had previously published the material in a different format.
• Reference or Works Cited sections  – There are two ways to place your Reference or Works Cited sections: 1) at the end of each chapter (if each chapter is a self-contained study, experiment, or article) or 2) at the end of the body of the disquisition (after the chapters but before any appendices). For reference sections within a chapter, format the section heading as a subheading of the chapter; for reference sections at the end of the disquisition, give the section a major heading, but do not number it like a chapter. Consult your discipline’s style manual for the formatting of entries in your reference section.
• Spacing in entries  – The line spacing in Reference sections should follow the directions of the style manual that is used in your discipline. They do not have to be double-spaced like paragraphs—for example, they can be single spaced with a space between each entry, they can be numbered, and/or they can have hanging indents. Follow the guidance of your style manual, and keep readability in mind. The spacing and alignment must be consistent throughout the References or Works Cited section(s).
• Hyperlink formatting – When you include a URL in a citation, endnote, footnote, or reference entry (such as citations for internet sources or DOI), make sure that the URL is not underlined, nor in a different color, nor otherwise appearing as a hyperlink. The text can be linked, but the text should appear in standard, black (Automatic) font, with no underlining.

Resources available to you:

• For more information about how to use the style manual most commonly used in your discipline, contact your advisor or the  NDSU Center for Writers to meet with a writing consultant. The Center for Writers also maintains a resource page on citing sources .
• You may contact the Dissertation and Thesis Coordinator with citation questions regarding our guidelines, templates, and format review, but note that we do not advise students on which citation style to use nor how to cite sources. 
• For technical issues of formatting citations in Word, you can contact the LAIC .

An appendix (or appendices, if you have more than one) is used to include additional material that is not integral to the body of the disquisition. Although an appendix contains supplementary material and must be numbered differently from the normal chapters, it should be considered similar to the chapters of the disquisition.

An appendix (or appendices) is an optional section.

• Citations – If you use or reference material that is not your own, use scholarly citation practices that are consistent with the rest of the disquisition and with the style manual of your discipline. For more information, see References/Works Cited and Style manuals.
• Font and margins – The font of the paragraph text in the appendix must be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must also be the same size as the rest of your disquisition.
• Headings – Headings in the appendices must use the same formatting, style, and size as the equivalent headings in the disquisition chapters. If headings are numbered in the disquisition chapters, then appendix headings must be numbered as well, where the letter of the appendix is used instead of the chapter number (like B.1. for the first first-level subheading in the second appendix).
• Major headings for each appendix - The first page of each appendix must include a major heading prefaced with “APPENDIX” and be formatted like other major headings in the disquisition. If you have one appendix, do not add a letter to the appendix. If you have multiple appendices, each appendix must be labeled with a capital letter (see the section below about multiple appendices).
• Subheadings – Subheadings in the appendices must share the same formatting as equivalent subheadings in the disquisition chapters, including numbering, font size, and additional formatting. If you use numbered headings in the disquisition, then use the letter of the appendix in place of the chapter number (for example, the first first-level subheading in Appendix B would be numbered as B.1.).
• Entries in the Table of Contents – Each appendix must be included in the Table of Contents as a major heading, just like the disquisition chapters. If you include chapter subheadings in the Table of Contents, then you must also include the subheadings that appear in the appendices. Do not identify your appendices in a list that is separate from the Table of Contents.
• Page numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with the rest of the disquisition. This is considered part of the body of your disquisition and must use Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, and so on). Page numbers should be continuous from the preceding chapters; do not restart page numbers at the beginning of each appendix.
• Spacing – The line spacing and indentation of paragraphs must be consistent with the rest of the disquisition.

If you have one appendix

• The appendix must be labeled – The major heading on the first page of the appendix can consist of simply “APPENDIX”, or can have an additional title (like “APPENDIX. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES”). Do not include an additional letter for the appendix (like “APPENDIX A” – that method is for multiple appendices, as mentioned in the next subsection).
• Tables, figures, non-text items – If you include multiple non-text item in the appendix, the number of each item must begin with “A” to indicate that it is an appendix item. Do not continue item numbering from the chapters (see the section below). You must also include a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information about non-text items in the appendix, see the related section below.

If you have multiple appendices

• Note : When you have multiple appendices, highly consider adding a title to each appendix that describes the content of that appendix. Then, the corresponding entries in the Table of Contents provide more information to your reader about your appendix material. For more information about labeling and titling multiple appendices, refer to the style guide of your discipline.
• Tables, figures, non-text items – If you include multiple non-text items in an appendix, the number of each item must begin with the letter of the appendix to indicate which appendix it appears in. Do not continue item numbering from the chapters (see the related section below). You must also include a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information about non-text items in the appendix, see the related section below.

Tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items in appendix material

• For example, the first table in the first (or only) appendix would be entitled “Table A1”. The first table in the second appendix would be labeled as “Table B1”, and so on.
• The appendix contains a single non-text item – If a particular appendix consists of only a single non-text item, then you can integrate the title of the item into the major heading for that appendix and the item does not require an additional item title (if the style manual of your discipline allows). For example, if Appendix B consists of a single table about crop blight, then the appendix heading would read as “APPENDIX B. FREQUENCY OF CROP BLIGHT IN NORTH DAKOTA FIELDS”. If an appendix consists of a single non-text item and the item title is integrated into the title of the appendix, then the item should not be included in the appropriate List of Appendix items.
• List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.  – If you include tables, figures, schemes, or other non-text items in an appendix (or appendices), then you must include a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. in the prefatory material, after the normal List of Tables, List of Figures, List of Schemes, etc. These lists of appendix items must contain information only about the non-text items that appear in the appendices. For more information about how to organize the prefatory material, see General Requirements .

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Thesis Format – Templates and Samples

Table of contents.

Thesis Format

Thesis format refers to the structure and layout of a research thesis or dissertation. It typically includes several chapters, each of which focuses on a particular aspect of the research topic .

The exact format of a thesis can vary depending on the academic discipline and the institution, but some common elements include:

Introduction

Literature review, methodology.

The title page is the first page of a thesis that provides essential information about the document, such as the title, author’s name, degree program, university, and the date of submission. It is considered as an important component of a thesis as it gives the reader an initial impression of the document’s content and quality.

The typical contents of a title page in a thesis include:

• The title of the thesis: It should be concise, informative, and accurately represent the main topic of the research.
• Author’s name: This should be written in full and should be the same as it appears on official university records.
• Degree program and department: This should specify the type of degree (e.g., Bachelor’s, Master’s, or Doctoral) and the field of study (e.g., Computer Science, Psychology, etc.).
• University: The name of the university where the thesis is being submitted.
• Date of submission : The month and year of submission of the thesis.
• Other details that can be included on the title page include the name of the advisor, the name of the committee members, and any acknowledgments.

In terms of formatting, the title page should be centered horizontally and vertically on the page, with a consistent font size and style. The page margin for the title page should be at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides. Additionally, it is common practice to include the university logo or crest on the title page, and this should be placed appropriately.

Title of the Thesis in Title Case by Author’s Full Name in Title Case

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Department Name at the University Name

Month Year of Submission

An abstract is a brief summary of a thesis or research paper that provides an overview of the main points, methodology, and findings of the study. It is typically placed at the beginning of the document, after the title page and before the introduction.

The purpose of an abstract is to provide readers with a quick and concise overview of the research paper or thesis. It should be written in a clear and concise language, and should not contain any jargon or technical terms that are not easily understood by the general public.

Here’s an example of an abstract for a thesis:

Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health among Adolescents

This study examines the impact of social media on mental health among adolescents. The research utilized a survey methodology and collected data from a sample of 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. The findings reveal that social media has a significant impact on mental health among adolescents, with frequent use of social media associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The study concludes that there is a need for increased awareness and education on the risks associated with excessive use of social media, and recommends strategies for promoting healthy social media habits among adolescents.

In this example, the abstract provides a concise summary of the thesis by highlighting the main points, methodology, and findings of the study. It also provides a clear indication of the significance of the study and its implications for future research and practice.

A table of contents is an essential part of a thesis as it provides the reader with an overview of the entire document’s structure and organization.

Here’s an example of how a table of contents might look in a thesis:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………..1

A. Background of the Study………………………………………..1

B. Statement of the Problem……………………………………….2

C. Objectives of the Study………………………………………..3

D. Research Questions…………………………………………….4

E. Significance of the Study………………………………………5

F. Scope and Limitations………………………………………….6

G. Definition of Terms……………………………………………7

II. LITERATURE REVIEW. ………………………………………………8

A. Overview of the Literature……………………………………..8

B. Key Themes and Concepts………………………………………..9

C. Gaps in the Literature………………………………………..10

D. Theoretical Framework………………………………………….11

III. METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………12

A. Research Design………………………………………………12

B. Participants and Sampling……………………………………..13

C. Data Collection Procedures…………………………………….14

D. Data Analysis Procedures………………………………………15

IV. RESULTS …………………………………………………………16

A. Descriptive Statistics…………………………………………16

B. Inferential Statistics…………………………………………17

V. DISCUSSION ………………………………………………………18

A. Interpretation of Results………………………………………18

B. Discussion of Finding s …………………………………………19

C. Implications of the Study………………………………………20

VI. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………21

A. Summary of the Study…………………………………………..21

B. Limitations of the Study……………………………………….22

C. Recommendations for Future Research……………………………..23

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….24

APPENDICES …………………………………………………………….26

As you can see, the table of contents is organized by chapters and sections. Each chapter and section is listed with its corresponding page number, making it easy for the reader to navigate the thesis.

The introduction is a critical part of a thesis as it provides an overview of the research problem, sets the context for the study, and outlines the research objectives and questions. The introduction is typically the first chapter of a thesis and serves as a roadmap for the reader.

Here’s an example of how an introduction in a thesis might look:

Introduction:

The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in recent decades, with more than one-third of adults in the United States being classified as obese. Obesity is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Despite significant efforts to address this issue, the rates of obesity continue to rise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults.

The study will be conducted using a mixed-methods approach, with both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research objectives are to:

• Examine the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults.
• Identify the key lifestyle factors that contribute to obesity in young adults.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of current interventions aimed at preventing and reducing obesity in young adults.

The research questions that will guide this study are:

• What is the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults?
• Which lifestyle factors are most strongly associated with obesity in young adults?
• How effective are current interventions aimed at preventing and reducing obesity in young adults?

By addressing these research questions, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the factors that contribute to obesity in young adults and to inform the development of effective interventions to prevent and reduce obesity in this population.

A literature review is a critical analysis and evaluation of existing literature on a specific topic or research question. It is an essential part of any thesis, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the topic and helps to establish the theoretical framework for the study. The literature review allows the researcher to identify gaps in the current research, highlight areas that need further exploration, and demonstrate the importance of their research question.

April 9, 2023:

A search on Google Scholar for “Effectiveness of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic” yielded 1,540 results. Upon reviewing the first few pages of results, it is evident that there is a significant amount of literature on the topic. A majority of the studies focus on the experiences and perspectives of students and educators during the transition to online learning due to the pandemic.

One recent study published in the Journal of Educational Technology & Society (Liu et al., 2023) found that students who were already familiar with online learning tools and platforms had an easier time adapting to online learning than those who were not. However, the study also found that students who were not familiar with online learning tools were able to adapt with proper support from their teachers and institutions.

Another study published in Computers & Education (Tang et al., 2023) compared the academic performance of students in online and traditional classroom settings during the pandemic. The study found that while there were no significant differences in the grades of students in the two settings, students in online classes reported higher levels of stress and lower levels of satisfaction with their learning experience.

Methodology in a thesis refers to the overall approach and systematic process that a researcher follows to collect and analyze data in order to answer their research question(s) or achieve their research objectives. It includes the research design, data collection methods, sampling techniques, data analysis procedures, and any other relevant procedures that the researcher uses to conduct their research.

For example, let’s consider a thesis on the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers. The methodology for this thesis might involve the following steps:

Research Design:

The researcher may choose to conduct a quantitative study using a survey questionnaire to collect data on social media usage and mental health among teenagers. Alternatively, they may conduct a qualitative study using focus group discussions or interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of teenagers regarding social media and mental health.

Sampling Techniques:

The researcher may use random sampling to select a representative sample of teenagers from a specific geographic location or demographic group, or they may use purposive sampling to select participants who meet specific criteria such as age, gender, or mental health status.

Data Collection Methods:

The researcher may use an online survey tool to collect data on social media usage and mental health, or they may conduct face-to-face interviews or focus group discussions to gather qualitative data. They may also use existing data sources such as medical records or social media posts.

Data Analysis Procedures:

The researcher may use statistical analysis techniques such as regression analysis to examine the relationship between social media usage and mental health, or they may use thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns in the qualitative data.

Ethical Considerations: The researcher must ensure that their research is conducted in an ethical manner, which may involve obtaining informed consent from participants, protecting their confidentiality, and ensuring that their rights and welfare are respected.

In a thesis, the “Results” section typically presents the findings of the research conducted by the author. This section typically includes both quantitative and qualitative data, such as statistical analyses, tables, figures, and other relevant data.

Here are some examples of how the “Results” section of a thesis might look:

Example 1: A quantitative study on the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health

In this study, the author conducts a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health in a group of sedentary adults. The “Results” section might include tables showing the changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other relevant indicators in the exercise and control groups over the course of the study. The section might also include statistical analyses, such as t-tests or ANOVA, to demonstrate the significance of the results.

Example 2: A qualitative study on the experiences of immigrant families in a new country

In this study, the author conducts in-depth interviews with immigrant families to explore their experiences of adapting to a new country. The “Results” section might include quotes from the interviews that illustrate the participants’ experiences, as well as a thematic analysis that identifies common themes and patterns in the data. The section might also include a discussion of the implications of the findings for policy and practice.

A thesis discussion section is an opportunity for the author to present their interpretation and analysis of the research results. In this section, the author can provide their opinion on the findings, compare them with other literature, and suggest future research directions.

For example, let’s say the thesis topic is about the impact of social media on mental health. The author has conducted a survey among 500 individuals and has found that there is a significant correlation between excessive social media use and poor mental health.

In the discussion section, the author can start by summarizing the main findings and stating their interpretation of the results. For instance, the author may argue that excessive social media use is likely to cause mental health problems due to the pressure of constantly comparing oneself to others, fear of missing out, and cyberbullying.

Next, the author can compare their results with other studies and point out similarities and differences. They can also identify any limitations in their research design and suggest future directions for research.

For example, the author may point out that their study only measured social media use and mental health at one point in time, and it is unclear whether one caused the other or whether there are other confounding factors. Therefore, they may suggest longitudinal studies that follow individuals over time to better understand the causal relationship.

Writing a conclusion for a thesis is an essential part of the overall writing process. The conclusion should summarize the main points of the thesis and provide a sense of closure to the reader. It is also an opportunity to reflect on the research process and offer suggestions for further study.

Here is an example of a conclusion for a thesis:

After an extensive analysis of the data collected, it is evident that the implementation of a new curriculum has had a significant impact on student achievement. The findings suggest that the new curriculum has improved student performance in all subject areas, and this improvement is particularly notable in math and science. The results of this study provide empirical evidence to support the notion that curriculum reform can positively impact student learning outcomes.

In addition to the positive results, this study has also identified areas for future research. One limitation of the current study is that it only examines the short-term effects of the new curriculum. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of the new curriculum on student performance, as well as investigate the impact of the curriculum on students with different learning styles and abilities.

Overall, the findings of this study have important implications for educators and policymakers who are interested in improving student outcomes. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of a new curriculum can have a positive impact on student achievement, and it is recommended that schools and districts consider curriculum reform as a means of improving student learning outcomes.

References in a thesis typically follow a specific format depending on the citation style required by your academic institution or publisher.

Below are some examples of different citation styles and how to reference different types of sources in your thesis:

In-text citation format: (Author, Year)

Reference list format for a book: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith, 2010) Reference list entry: Smith, J. D. (2010). The art of writing a thesis. Cambridge University Press.

Reference list format for a journal article: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown, 2015) Reference list entry: Brown, E., Smith, J., & Johnson, L. (2015). The impact of social media on academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 393-407.

In-text citation format: (Author page number)

Works Cited list format for a book: Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith 75) Works Cited entry: Smith, John D. The Art of Writing a Thesis. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Works Cited list format for a journal article: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, volume number, issue number, date, pages.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown 394) Works Cited entry: Brown, Elizabeth, et al. “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance.” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 108, no. 3, 2015, pp. 393-407.

Chicago Style

In-text citation format: (Author year, page number)

Bibliography list format for a book: Author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith 2010, 75) Bibliography entry: Smith, John D. The Art of Writing a Thesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Bibliography list format for a journal article: Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, no. issue number (date): page numbers.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown 2015, 394) Bibliography entry: Brown, Elizabeth, John Smith, and Laura Johnson. “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance.” Journal of Educational Psychology 108, no. 3 (2015): 393-407.

Reference list format for a book: [1] A. A. Author, Title of Book. City of Publisher, Abbrev. of State: Publisher, year.

Example: In-text citation: [1] Reference list entry: A. J. Smith, The Art of Writing a Thesis. New York, NY: Academic Press, 2010.

Reference list format for a journal article: [1] A. A. Author, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Month year.

Example: In-text citation: [1] Reference list entry: E. Brown, J. D. Smith, and L. Johnson, “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance,” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 393-407, Mar. 2015.

An appendix in a thesis is a section that contains additional information that is not included in the main body of the document but is still relevant to the topic being discussed. It can include figures, tables, graphs, data sets, sample questionnaires, or any other supplementary material that supports your thesis.

Here is an example of how you can format appendices in your thesis:

• Title page: The appendix should have a separate title page that lists the title, author’s name, the date, and the document type (i.e., thesis or dissertation). The title page should be numbered as the first page of the appendix section.
• Table of contents: If you have more than one appendix, you should include a separate table of contents that lists each appendix and its page number. The table of contents should come after the title page.
• Appendix sections: Each appendix should have its own section with a clear and concise title that describes the contents of the appendix. Each section should be numbered with Arabic numerals (e.g., Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.). The sections should be listed in the table of contents.
• Formatting: The formatting of the appendices should be consistent with the rest of the thesis. This includes font size, font style, line spacing, and margins.
• Example: Here is an example of what an appendix might look like in a thesis on the topic of climate change:

Appendix 1: Data Sources

This appendix includes a list of the primary data sources used in this thesis, including their URLs and a brief description of the data they provide.

Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire

This appendix includes the survey questionnaire used to collect data from participants in the study.

Appendix 3: Additional Figures

This appendix includes additional figures that were not included in the main body of the thesis due to space limitations. These figures provide additional support for the findings presented in the thesis.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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KNU thesis format

Thesis format for graduate students at Kyungpook National University, Korea

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Dissertations and Theses at KU and more: Home

• Format status of KU dissertations and theses
• Locating dissertations and theses

Dissertations and Theses at KU

The first thesis/dissertation in the Libraries' collection is dated 1883.   KU Libraries maintained two physical copies, retaining one for archival purposes and another in the circulating collection until theses and dissertations became available electronically.  Beginning in December, 2005, theses and dissertations were accepted only in an electronic format.  The Libraries have been initiating projects to digitize older documents to expand access.  A project to digitize theses and dissertations submitted from 1883 to 1922 has been completed.  This guide follows the status of digitizing and also indicates how to identify the links and locations of the theses and dissertations, whether in print or electronic.

When necessary, graduate students can request an embargo of six months, one year, or two years to delay public release of a work.  See the embargo policy for theses and dissertations .

At the author's request, staff at the KU Libraries are happy to digitize and make available in KU ScholarWorks any thesis or dissertation.  Please contact Marianne Reed at [email protected] for more information.

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KNU thesis format

Thesis format for graduate students at Kyungpook National University, Korea

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Gsas students shine in 2024 three minute thesis competition.

April 30, 2024

Ayla Cordell | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

The 2024 Three Minute Thesis Competition (3MT) at Brandeis Graduate School of Arts & Sciences was not Will Dahl’s first rodeo. “It took me two tries,” the Molecular and Cell Biology PhD student said. “On my first attempt last year, I missed a line and stood silent for what felt like ages. To be honest, I was terrified!” This year, Will took home the first place prize for the Sciences of $1,000 and the overall win. He credits his success to careful planning, refinement, and lots of practice. He focused on formatting his talk as a story that would resonate with a wide audience: “Every sentence must be calibrated to communicate, and there is no room for asides. The talk converges from broader impacts to the actual thesis.”

Explaining your research in just three minutes is a tall order, but on April 5, the third annual 3MT Competition, founded by the University of Queensland , saw ten GSAS students meet that very task. Marika McCann, Associate Director of Professional Development at GSAS and member of the 3MT team, alongside Associate Professor of Anthropology and Faculty Director of Professional Development Jon Anjaria; Anahita Zare of MRSEC ; and Becky Prigge, Assistant Dean of Student Affairs at GSAS, said this about the 2024 competitors: “Our team was very impressed with how hard our students worked and the overall enthusiasm they brought to their talks. The audience learned so much from our students in this short time, including the possibility of early detection of Parkinson’s Disease, the importance of examining circadian rhythms, patterns in Honduran ceramics, and Tamil transfeminine performance in post-war Sri Lanka.”

Under the bright white stage lights and looking out upon an audience of friends, family, members of the Brandeis community, and a panel of five judges, finalists took to the Spingold Theatre stage. While it was certainly nerve-wracking, contestants noted the benefits of presenting in this format.

Manning Zhang, who won first place in the Humanities/Creative Arts/Social Sciences category, said the best moment of the competition was standing on the stage for the final round with rushing adrenaline. Acknowledging that few friends and family know about what she researches in Sociology and Health Policy, she began sharing more with them to understand how different people would react to her research. While this helped her prepare for the competition, it ended up holding deeper meaning for Zhang: “It took me a really long time to pursue my research and say, ‘This is meaningful.’ Getting feedback from people and hearing that they understand what I’m doing is really important to me.”

Victoria Khaghani, a Master’s student in Anthropology who was Runner Up in the Humanities/Creative Arts/Social Sciences category, echoed this sentiment. “You have to push yourself pretty hard to be able to condense your research down. But being able to then present my research to my family and have them say, ‘We finally understand what you’re doing,’ where they can understand the importance of it…that was huge.”

While contestants hoped to teach their audience something about their research, some finished the competition having learned new things about themselves. “I really like speaking in front of people,” Pranav Ojha, a Molecular and Cell Biology PhD student, discovered. “Figuring out what words to say, how to communicate them to inspire care - I enjoyed that process, and I’m coming out of it with different career ideas.” His passion for public speaking was evident - Ojha finished the competition with a total $1,250, after winning both Runner Up in the Sciences and the People’s Choice Award, which is determined through audience vote.

The final round may have showcased three minutes of individual presentation, but 3MT thrives as a collective and collaborative effort. “This is one of the only opportunities GSAS students at Brandeis have to share their research with the overall Brandeis community, outside of their departments,” McCann noted. Zhang (Sociology and Health Policy) even reached out to 2022 winner Emiliano Gutierrez-Popoca (PhD English ‘23), whose talk on Master-Servant Relations in Early Modern Drama led him to the National 3MT competition. Though they come from different disciplines, 3MT provided a platform for shared experience, and Popoca helped Zhang revise her draft for the final round. “I’ve gained a lot of rapport with people I didn’t think I could have rapport with…networking is very precious,” Zhang said. The 3MT community at Brandeis continues to strengthen and grow, and we cannot wait for next year!

Special thanks to 3MT sponsors: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Mandel Center for the Humanities, Office of the Vice Provost for Research, and the Division of Sciences

This year’s winners include:

First Place - William Dahl (overall winner), Molecular and Cell Biology, Stressed Cells' Secret Weapon for Survival

Runner Up - Pranav Ojha, Molecular and Cell Biology, What Makes our Clock Tick: A Look at Where It All Starts

Humanities/Social Sciences/Creative Arts

First Place - Manning Zhang, Sociology and Health Policy, Move It or Lose It

Runner Up - Victoria Khaghani, Anthropology, The Devil’s in the Details: Neglected Patterns of Honduras

People’s Choice

Pranav Ojha

KNU thesis format

Thesis format for graduate students at Kyungpook National University, Korea

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KNU thesis format

Thesis format for graduate students at Kyungpook National University, Korea

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