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JavaScript Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn how to use JavaScript assignment operators to assign a value to a variable.

Introduction to JavaScript assignment operators

An assignment operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable. The syntax of the assignment operator is as follows:

In this syntax, JavaScript evaluates the expression b first and assigns the result to the variable a .

The following example declares the counter variable and initializes its value to zero:

The following example increases the counter variable by one and assigns the result to the counter variable:

When evaluating the second statement, JavaScript evaluates the expression on the right-hand first ( counter + 1 ) and assigns the result to the counter variable. After the second assignment, the counter variable is 1 .

To make the code more concise, you can use the += operator like this:

In this syntax, you don’t have to repeat the counter variable twice in the assignment.

The following table illustrates assignment operators that are shorthand for another operator and the assignment:

Chaining JavaScript assignment operators

If you want to assign a single value to multiple variables, you can chain the assignment operators. For example:

In this example, JavaScript evaluates from right to left. Therefore, it does the following:

• Use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign a value to a variable.
• Chain the assignment operators if you want to assign a single value to multiple variables.

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JavaScript Assignment Operators

A ssignment operators.

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables in JavaScript.

Assignment Operators List

There are so many assignment operators as shown in the table with the description.

Below we have described each operator with an example code:

Addition assignment operator(+=).

The Addition assignment operator adds the value to the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. Addition or concatenation is possible. In case of concatenation then we use the string as an operand.

Subtraction Assignment Operator(-=)

The Substraction Assignment Operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable.

Multiplication Assignment Operator(*=)

The Multiplication Assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable.

Division Assignment Operator(/=)

The Division Assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable.

Remainder Assignment Operator(%=)

The Remainder Assignment Operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable.

Exponentiation Assignment Operator

The Exponentiation Assignment Operator raises the value of a variable to the power of the right operand.

Left Shift Assignment Operator(<<=)

This Left Shift Assignment O perator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable.

Right Shift Assignment O perator(>>=)

The Right Shift Assignment Operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable.

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator(&=)

The Bitwise AND Assignment Operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them, and assigns the result to the variable.

Btwise OR Assignment Operator(|=)

The Btwise OR Assignment Operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them, and assigns the result to the variable.

Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator(^=)

The Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them, and assigns the result to the variable.

Logical AND Assignment Operator(&&=)

The Logical AND Assignment assigns the value of  y  into  x  only if  x  is a  truthy  value.

Logical OR Assignment Operator( ||= )

The Logical OR Assignment Operator is used to assign the value of y to x if the value of x is falsy.

Nullish coalescing Assignment Operator(??=)

The Nullish coalescing Assignment Operator assigns the value of y to x if the value of x is null.

Supported Browsers: The browsers supported by all JavaScript Assignment operators are listed below:

• Google Chrome
• Microsoft Edge
• Internet Explorer

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JAVASCRIPT ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

In this tutorial, you will learn about all the different assignment operators in javascript and how to use them in javascript.

Assignment Operators

In javascript, there are 16 different assignment operators that are used to assign value to the variable. It is shorthand of other operators which is recommended to use.

The assignment operators are used to assign value based on the right operand to its left operand.

The left operand must be a variable while the right operand may be a variable, number, boolean, string, expression, object, or combination of any other.

One of the most basic assignment operators is equal = , which is used to directly assign a value.

Assignment Operators List

Here is the list of all assignment operators in JavaScript:

In the following table if variable a is not defined then assume it to be 10.

Assignment operator

The assignment operator = is the simplest value assigning operator which assigns a given value to a variable.

The assignment operators support chaining, which means you can assign a single value in multiple variables in a single line.

Addition assignment operator

The addition assignment operator += is used to add the value of the right operand to the value of the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

On the basis of the data type of variable, the addition assignment operator may add or concatenate the variables.

Subtraction assignment operator

The subtraction assignment operator -= subtracts the value of the right operand from the value of the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

If the value can not be subtracted then it results in a NaN .

Multiplication assignment operator

The multiplication assignment operator *= assigns the result to the left operand after multiplying values of the left and right operand.

Division assignment operator

The division assignment operator /= divides the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Remainder assignment operator

The remainder assignment operator %= assigns the remainder to the left operand after dividing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Exponentiation assignment operator

The exponential assignment operator **= assigns the result of exponentiation to the left operand after exponentiating the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator <<= assigns the result of the left shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator >>= assigns the result of the right shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator >>>= assigns the result of the unsigned right shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator &= assigns the result of bitwise AND to the left operand after ANDing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator |= assigns the result of bitwise OR to the left operand after ORing the value of left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator ^= assigns the result of bitwise XOR to the left operand after XORing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Logical AND assignment

The logical AND assignment operator &&= assigns value to left operand only when it is truthy .

Note : A truthy value is a value that is considered true when encountered in a boolean context.

Logical OR assignment

The logical OR assignment operator ||= assigns value to left operand only when it is falsy .

Note : A falsy value is a value that is considered false when encountered in a boolean context.

Logical nullish assignment

The logical nullish assignment operator ??= assigns value to left operand only when it is nullish ( null or undefined ).

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• Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

The basic assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x . The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

Simple assignment operator which assigns a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables. See the example.

Addition assignment

The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible. See the addition operator for more details.

Subtraction assignment

The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable. See the subtraction operator for more details.

Multiplication assignment

The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the multiplication operator for more details.

Division assignment

The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the division operator for more details.

Remainder assignment

The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable. See the remainder operator for more details.

Exponentiation assignment

This is an experimental technology, part of the ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) proposal. Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future version of browsers as the spec changes.

The exponentiation assignment operator evaluates to the result of raising first operand to the power second operand. See the exponentiation operator for more details.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable. See the left shift operator for more details.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the right shift operator for more details.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the unsigned right shift operator for more details.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise AND operator for more details.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise XOR operator for more details.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise OR operator for more details.

Left operand with another assignment operator

In unusual situations, the assignment operator (e.g. x += y ) is not identical to the meaning expression (here x = x + y ). When the left operand of an assignment operator itself contains an assignment operator, the left operand is evaluated only once. For example:

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

• Arithmetic operators

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Mastering JavaScript Assignment: A Comprehensive Guide

As one of the most widely used programming languages, JavaScript is a must-learn for any aspiring software developer. It is the backbone of the modern web, powering everything from interactive web pages to complex web applications. One of the fundamental concepts in JavaScript is assignment, which is the process of storing a value in a variable or object property. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at JavaScript assignment, covering everything from basic syntax to more advanced topics like destructuring and object spread.

Understanding JavaScript Assignment

JavaScript assignment involves storing a value in a variable or object property. The basic syntax for assignment in JavaScript is as follows:

Here, variable is the name of the variable, and value is the value that is being assigned to it. For example:

In this example, x is the variable name, and 10 is the value that is being assigned to it. Once the value is assigned to the variable, it can be used throughout the program.

Assigning Values to Multiple Variables

In JavaScript, it is possible to assign values to multiple variables in a single statement. This is known as destructuring assignment. The basic syntax for destructuring assignment is as follows:

Here, array is an array containing the values that are being assigned to the variables. For example:

In this example, x and y are the variable names, and 10 and 20 are the values that are being assigned to them.

Assigning Values to Object Properties

In addition to assigning values to variables, JavaScript also allows you to assign values to object properties. The basic syntax for assigning values to object properties is as follows:

Here, object is the name of the object, property is the name of the property, and value is the value that is being assigned to it. For example:

In this example, person is the name of the object, age is the name of the property, and 31 is the value that is being assigned to it.

Object Spread

Object spread is a relatively new feature in JavaScript that allows you to copy the properties of one object into another object. The basic syntax for object spread is as follows:

Here, oldObj is the object whose properties are being copied, and newObj is the new object that is being created. For example:

In this example, person is the old object, and newPerson is the new object that is being created. The ...person syntax copies all of the properties from person into newPerson , and the age: 31 syntax overrides the age property in newPerson .

Best Practices for JavaScript Assignment

While JavaScript assignment is a fairly straightforward concept, there are a few best practices that you should keep in mind when working with assignments in your code.

Use Descriptive Variable Names

One of the most important best practices when it comes to JavaScript assignment is to use descriptive variable names. This will make your code easier to read and understand for both yourself and other developers who may need to work on your code in the future. Avoid using single-letter variable names like x and y , and instead use descriptive names that indicate the purpose of the variable. For example, if you are storing a person’s name in a variable, you could use personName instead of name .

Avoid Implicit Assignment

Implicit assignment is when a variable is created without being explicitly declared with the let , var , or const keywords. While JavaScript allows for implicit assignment, it can lead to errors and make your code harder to understand. Always declare your variables explicitly with the appropriate keyword.

Use Destructuring Assignment

Destructuring assignment can be a powerful tool for working with arrays and objects in JavaScript. It can simplify your code and make it more readable by allowing you to extract values from arrays and objects and assign them to variables in a single statement. Take advantage of destructuring assignment when working with complex data structures.

Use Object Spread

Object spread can be a useful feature for working with objects in JavaScript. It allows you to easily copy the properties of one object into another object, making it a convenient way to create new objects or modify existing ones. Use object spread when you need to create a new object that is similar to an existing one, or when you need to add or modify properties in an existing object.

Avoid Reassignment of Constants

Constants, declared with the const keyword, are variables that cannot be reassigned once they have been declared. While it is possible to modify the properties of objects that are declared with const , you should avoid reassigning the entire object. This can lead to unexpected behavior in your code and make it harder to reason about.

In this article, we have covered the basics of JavaScript assignment, including syntax for assigning values to variables and object properties, destructuring assignments, and object spread. We have also discussed some best practices for working with assignments in your code, such as using descriptive variable names and avoiding implicit assignments.

Following these best practices allows you to write cleaner, more readable code and avoid common errors and pitfalls when working with JavaScript assignments. As always, practice makes perfect, so be sure to experiment with different assignments in your code to become more comfortable with this fundamental concept in JavaScript.

📕 Related articles about Javascript

• JavaScript String Templates
• How to Use Javascript for Web Animations
• Javascript Class Inheritance
• JavaScript Sets: A Comprehensive Guide
• JavaScript Maps: A Comprehensive Guide

JavaScript Array Sort

Bobby is a quick learner and always stays up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in software development. He is committed to continuous learning and improvement and seeks opportunities to enhance his skills and knowledge.

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JavaScript operators are special symbols that perform unique operations on one or more operands (values). For example,

The + operator performs addition, we have used it here to add the operands 2 and 3 .

JavaScript Operator Types

Here is a list of different JavaScript operators you will learn in this tutorial:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• String Operators
• Miscellaneous Operators

1. JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

We use arithmetic operators to perform arithmetic calculations like addition, subtraction, etc. For example,

Here, we used the - operator to subtract 3 from 5 .

Commonly Used Arithmetic Operators

Example 1: arithmetic operators in javascript, example 2: javascript increment and decrement operators.

To learn more about the increment and decrement operators, visit Increment ++ and Decrement -- Operators .

2. JavaScript Assignment Operators

We use assignment operators to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, we used the = operator to assign the value 5 to variable x .

Commonly Used Assignment Operators

Example 3: assignment operators in javascript, 3. javascript comparison operators.

We use comparison operators to compare two values and return a boolean value ( true or false ). For example,

Here, we have used the > comparison operator to check whether a (whose value is 3 ) is greater than b (whose value is 2 ).

Since 3 is greater than 2 , we get true as output.

Commonly Used Comparison Operators

Example 4: comparison operators in javascript.

The equality operators ( == and != ) convert both operands to the same type before comparing their values. For example,

Here, we used the == operator to compare the number 3 and the string 3 .

By default, JavaScript converts string 3 to number 3 and compares the values.

However, the strict equality operators ( === and !== ) do not convert operand types before comparing their values. For example,

Here, JavaScript didn't convert string 4 to number 4 before comparing their values.

Thus, the result is false , as number 4 isn't equal to string 4 .

4. JavaScript Logical Operators

We use logical operators to perform logical operations on boolean values. For example,

Here, && is the logical operator AND . Since both x < 6 and y < 5 are true , the combined result is true .

Commonly Used Logical Operators

Example 5: logical operators in javascript.

Note: We use comparison and logical operators in decision-making and loops. You will learn about them in detail in later tutorials.

We use bitwise operators to perform binary operations on integers.

Note: We rarely use bitwise operators in everyday programming. If you are interested, visit JavaScript Bitwise Operators to learn more.

6. JavaScript String Operators

In JavaScript, you can use the + operator to concatenate (join) two or more strings . For example,

Here, we used + on strings to perform concatenation. However, when we use + with numbers, it performs addition.

7. JavaScript Miscellaneous Operators

JavaScript has many more operators besides the ones we listed above.

Thus, we have categorized them as miscellaneous operators. You will learn them in detail in later tutorials.

Commonly Used Miscellaneous Operators

• JavaScript typeof Operator

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• JavaScript Arithmetic Operators
• JavaScript Assignment Operators
• JavaScript Comparison Operators
• JavaScript Logical Operators
• JavaScript String Operators
• JavaScript Miscellaneous Operators

Video: JavaScript Operators

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Destructuring assignment

The two most used data structures in JavaScript are Object and Array .

• Objects allow us to create a single entity that stores data items by key.
• Arrays allow us to gather data items into an ordered list.

However, when we pass these to a function, we may not need all of it. The function might only require certain elements or properties.

Destructuring assignment is a special syntax that allows us to “unpack” arrays or objects into a bunch of variables, as sometimes that’s more convenient.

Destructuring also works well with complex functions that have a lot of parameters, default values, and so on. Soon we’ll see that.

Array destructuring

Here’s an example of how an array is destructured into variables:

Now we can work with variables instead of array members.

It looks great when combined with split or other array-returning methods:

As you can see, the syntax is simple. There are several peculiar details though. Let’s see more examples to understand it better.

It’s called “destructuring assignment,” because it “destructurizes” by copying items into variables. However, the array itself is not modified.

It’s just a shorter way to write:

Unwanted elements of the array can also be thrown away via an extra comma:

In the code above, the second element of the array is skipped, the third one is assigned to title , and the rest of the array items are also skipped (as there are no variables for them).

…Actually, we can use it with any iterable, not only arrays:

That works, because internally a destructuring assignment works by iterating over the right value. It’s a kind of syntax sugar for calling for..of over the value to the right of = and assigning the values.

We can use any “assignables” on the left side.

For instance, an object property:

In the previous chapter, we saw the Object.entries(obj) method.

We can use it with destructuring to loop over the keys-and-values of an object:

The similar code for a Map is simpler, as it’s iterable:

There’s a well-known trick for swapping values of two variables using a destructuring assignment:

Here we create a temporary array of two variables and immediately destructure it in swapped order.

We can swap more than two variables this way.

The rest ‘…’

Usually, if the array is longer than the list at the left, the “extra” items are omitted.

For example, here only two items are taken, and the rest is just ignored:

If we’d like also to gather all that follows – we can add one more parameter that gets “the rest” using three dots "..." :

The value of rest is the array of the remaining array elements.

We can use any other variable name in place of rest , just make sure it has three dots before it and goes last in the destructuring assignment.

Default values

If the array is shorter than the list of variables on the left, there will be no errors. Absent values are considered undefined:

If we want a “default” value to replace the missing one, we can provide it using = :

Default values can be more complex expressions or even function calls. They are evaluated only if the value is not provided.

For instance, here we use the prompt function for two defaults:

Please note: the prompt will run only for the missing value ( surname ).

Object destructuring

The destructuring assignment also works with objects.

The basic syntax is:

We should have an existing object on the right side, that we want to split into variables. The left side contains an object-like “pattern” for corresponding properties. In the simplest case, that’s a list of variable names in {...} .

For instance:

Properties options.title , options.width and options.height are assigned to the corresponding variables.

The order does not matter. This works too:

The pattern on the left side may be more complex and specify the mapping between properties and variables.

If we want to assign a property to a variable with another name, for instance, make options.width go into the variable named w , then we can set the variable name using a colon:

The colon shows “what : goes where”. In the example above the property width goes to w , property height goes to h , and title is assigned to the same name.

For potentially missing properties we can set default values using "=" , like this:

Just like with arrays or function parameters, default values can be any expressions or even function calls. They will be evaluated if the value is not provided.

In the code below prompt asks for width , but not for title :

We also can combine both the colon and equality:

If we have a complex object with many properties, we can extract only what we need:

The rest pattern “…”

What if the object has more properties than we have variables? Can we take some and then assign the “rest” somewhere?

We can use the rest pattern, just like we did with arrays. It’s not supported by some older browsers (IE, use Babel to polyfill it), but works in modern ones.

It looks like this:

In the examples above variables were declared right in the assignment: let {…} = {…} . Of course, we could use existing variables too, without let . But there’s a catch.

This won’t work:

The problem is that JavaScript treats {...} in the main code flow (not inside another expression) as a code block. Such code blocks can be used to group statements, like this:

So here JavaScript assumes that we have a code block, that’s why there’s an error. We want destructuring instead.

To show JavaScript that it’s not a code block, we can wrap the expression in parentheses (...) :

Nested destructuring

If an object or an array contains other nested objects and arrays, we can use more complex left-side patterns to extract deeper portions.

In the code below options has another object in the property size and an array in the property items . The pattern on the left side of the assignment has the same structure to extract values from them:

All properties of options object except extra that is absent in the left part, are assigned to corresponding variables:

Finally, we have width , height , item1 , item2 and title from the default value.

Note that there are no variables for size and items , as we take their content instead.

Smart function parameters

There are times when a function has many parameters, most of which are optional. That’s especially true for user interfaces. Imagine a function that creates a menu. It may have a width, a height, a title, items list and so on.

Here’s a bad way to write such a function:

In real-life, the problem is how to remember the order of arguments. Usually IDEs try to help us, especially if the code is well-documented, but still… Another problem is how to call a function when most parameters are ok by default.

That’s ugly. And becomes unreadable when we deal with more parameters.

Destructuring comes to the rescue!

We can pass parameters as an object, and the function immediately destructurizes them into variables:

We can also use more complex destructuring with nested objects and colon mappings:

The full syntax is the same as for a destructuring assignment:

Then, for an object of parameters, there will be a variable varName for property incomingProperty , with defaultValue by default.

Please note that such destructuring assumes that showMenu() does have an argument. If we want all values by default, then we should specify an empty object:

We can fix this by making {} the default value for the whole object of parameters:

In the code above, the whole arguments object is {} by default, so there’s always something to destructurize.

Destructuring assignment allows for instantly mapping an object or array onto many variables.

The full object syntax:

This means that property prop should go into the variable varName and, if no such property exists, then the default value should be used.

Object properties that have no mapping are copied to the rest object.

The full array syntax:

The first item goes to item1 ; the second goes into item2 , all the rest makes the array rest .

It’s possible to extract data from nested arrays/objects, for that the left side must have the same structure as the right one.

We have an object:

Write the destructuring assignment that reads:

• name property into the variable name .
• years property into the variable age .
• isAdmin property into the variable isAdmin (false, if no such property)

Here’s an example of the values after your assignment:

The maximal salary

There is a salaries object:

Create the function topSalary(salaries) that returns the name of the top-paid person.

• If salaries is empty, it should return null .
• If there are multiple top-paid persons, return any of them.

P.S. Use Object.entries and destructuring to iterate over key/value pairs.

Open a sandbox with tests.

Open the solution with tests in a sandbox.

• If you have suggestions what to improve - please submit a GitHub issue or a pull request instead of commenting.
• If you can't understand something in the article – please elaborate.
• To insert few words of code, use the <code> tag, for several lines – wrap them in <pre> tag, for more than 10 lines – use a sandbox ( plnkr , jsbin , codepen …)

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JS Tutorial

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JavaScript is the world's most popular programming language.

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40 JavaScript Projects for Beginners – Easy Ideas to Get Started Coding JS

The best way to learn a new programming language is to build projects.

I have created a list of 40 beginner friendly project tutorials in Vanilla JavaScript, React, and TypeScript.

My advice for tutorials would be to watch the video, build the project, break it apart and rebuild it your own way. Experiment with adding new features or using different methods.

That will test if you have really learned the concepts or not.

You can click on any of the projects listed below to jump to that section of the article.

Vanilla JavaScript Projects

How to create a color flipper.

• How to create a counter
• How to create a review carousel
• How to create a responsive navbar
• How to create a sidebar
• How to create a modal

How to create a FAQ page

How to create a restaurant menu page, how to create a video background, how to create a navigation bar on scroll, how to create tabs that display different content, how to create a countdown clock, how to create your own lorem ipsum, how to create a grocery list, how to create an image slider, how to create a rock paper scissors game, how to create a simon game, how to create a platformer game.

• How to create Doodle Jump
• How to create Flappy Bird
• How to create a Memory game
• How to create a Whack-a-mole game
• How to create Connect Four game
• How to create a Snake game
• How to create a Space Invaders game
• How to create a Frogger game
• How to create a Tetris game

React Projects

How to build a tic-tac-toe game using react hooks, how to build a tetris game using react hooks, how to create a birthday reminder app.

• How to create a tours page

How to create an accordion menu

How to create tabs for a portfolio page, how to create a review slider, how to create a color generator, how to create a stripe payment menu page, how to create a shopping cart page, how to create a cocktail search page, typescript projects, how to build a quiz app with react and typescript, how to create an arkanoid game with typescript.

If you have not learned JavaScript fundamentals, then I would suggest watching this course before proceeding with the projects.

Many of the screenshots below are from here .

In this John Smilga tutorial , you will learn how to create a random background color changer. This is a good project to get you started working with the DOM.

In Leonardo Maldonado's article on why it is important to learn about the DOM, he states:

By manipulating the DOM, you have infinite possibilities. You can create applications that update the data of the page without needing a refresh. Also, you can create applications that are customizable by the user and then change the layout of the page without a refresh.

Key concepts covered:

• document.getElementById()
• document.querySelector()
• addEventListener()
• document.body.style.backgroundColor
• Math.floor()
• Math.random()
• array.length

Before you get started, I would suggest watching the introduction where John goes over how to access the setup files for all of his projects.

How to create a Counter

In this John Smilga tutorial , you will learn how to create a counter and write conditions that change the color based on positive or negative numbers displayed.

This project will give you more practice working with the DOM and you can use this simple counter in other projects like a pomodoro clock.

• document.querySelectorAll()
• currentTarget property
• textContent

How to create a Review carousel

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a carousel of reviews with a button that generates random reviews.

This is a good feature to have on an ecommerce site to display customer reviews or a personal portfolio to display client reviews.

• DOMContentLoaded

How to create a responsive Navbar

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a responsive navbar that will show the hamburger menu for smaller devices.

Learning how to develop responsive websites is an important part of being a web developer. This is a popular feature used on a lot of websites.

• classList.toggle()

How to create a Sidebar

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a sidebar with animation.

This is a cool feature that you can add to your personal website.

• classList.remove()

How to create a Modal

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a modal window which is used on websites to get users to do or see something specific.

A good example of a modal window would be if a user made changes in a site without saving them and tried to go to another page. You can create a modal window that warns them to save their changes or else that information will be lost.

• classList.add()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a frequently asked questions page which educates users about a business and drives traffic to the website through organic search results.    

In this tutorial , you will learn how to make a restaurant menu page that filters through the different food menus. This is a fun project that will teach you higher order functions like map, reduce, and filter.

In Yazeed Bzadough's article on higher order functions, he states:

the greatest benefit of HOFs is greater reusability.

• map, reduce, and filter
• includes method

In this tutorial , you will learn how to make a video background with a play and pause feature.  This is a common feature found in a lot of websites.

• classList.contains()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a navbar that slides down when scrolling and then stays at a fixed position at a certain height.

This is a popular feature found on many professional websites.

• getFullYear()
• getBoundingClientRect()
• slice method
• window.scrollTo()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create tabs that will display different content which is useful when creating single page applications.

In this tutorial , you will learn how to make a countdown clock which can be used when a new product is coming out or a sale is about to end on an ecommerce site.

• setInterval()
• clearInterval()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create your own Lorem ipsum generator.

Lorem ipsum is the go to placeholder text for websites. This is a fun project to show off your creativity and create your own text.

• event.preventDefault()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to update and delete items from a grocery list and create a simple CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) application.

CRUD plays a very important role in developing full stack applications. Without it, you wouldn't be able to do things like edit or delete posts on your favorite social media platform.  

• createAttribute()
• setAttributeNode()
• appendChild()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to build an image slider that you can add to any website.

• querySelectorAll()
• if/else statements

In this tutorial , Tenzin will teach you how to create a Rock Paper Scissors game. This is a fun project that will give more practice working with the DOM.

• switch statements

In this tutorial , Beau Carnes will teach you how to create the classic Simon Game. This is a good project that will get you thinking about the different components behind the game and how you would build out each of those functionalities.

• querySelector()
• setTimeout()

In this tutorial , Frank Poth will teach you how to build a platformer game. This project will introduce you to Object Oriented Programming principles and the Model, View, Controller software pattern.

• this keyword
• OOP principles
• MVC pattern

How to create Doodle Jump and Flappy Bird

In this video series , Ania Kubow will teach you how to build Doodle Jump and Flappy Bird .

Building games are a fun way to learn more about JavaScript and will cover many popular JavaScript methods.

• createElement()
• removeChild()
• removeEventListener()

How to create seven classic games with Ania Kubow

You will have a lot of fun creating seven games in this course by Ania Kubow:

• Memory Game
• Whack-a-mole
• Connect Four
• Space Invaders
• onclick event
• arrow functions

If you are not familiar with React fundamentals, then I would suggest taking this course before proceeding with the projects.

In this freeCodeCamp article , Per Harald Borgen talks about Scrimba's Tic-Tac-Toe game tutorial led by Thomas Weibenfalk. You can view the video course on Scimba's YouTube Channel.

This is a good project to start getting comfortable with React basics and working with hooks.

• import / export

In this tutorial , Thomas Weibenfalk will teach you how to build a Tetris game using React Hooks and styled components.

• useEffect()
• useCallback()
• styled components

In this John Smilga course, you will learn how to create a birthday reminder app. This is a good project to start getting comfortable with React basics and working with hooks.

I would also suggest watching John's video on the startup files for this project.

How to create a Tours Page

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a tours page where the user can delete which tours they are not interested in.

This will give you practice with React hooks and the async/await pattern.

• try...catch statement
• async/await pattern

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a questions and answers accordion menu. These menus can be helpful in revealing content to users in a progressive way.

• React icons

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create tabs for a mock portfolio page. Tabs are useful when you want to display different content in single page applications.

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a review slider that changes to a new review every few seconds.

This is a cool feature that you can incorporate into an ecommerce site or portfolio.

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a color generator. This is a good project to continue practicing working with hooks and setTimeout.

• clearTimeout()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a Stripe payment menu page. This project will give you good practice on how to design a product landing page using React components.

• useContext()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a shopping cart page that updates and deletes items. This project will also be a good introduction to the useReducer hook.

• <svg> elements
• useReducer()

In this tutorial , you will learn how to create a cocktail search page. This project will give you an introduction to how to use React router.

React router gives you the ability to create a navigation on your website and change views to different components like an about or contact page.

• <Router>
• <Switch>

If you are unfamiliar with TypeScript, then I would suggest watching this course before proceeding with this project.

In this tutorial , Thomas Weibenfalk will teach you how to build a quiz app with React and TypeScript. This is a good opportunity to practice the basics of TypeScript.

• dangerouslySetInnerHTML

In this tutorial , Thomas Weibenfalk will teach you how to build the classic Arkanoid game in TypeScript. This is a good project that will give you practice working with the basic concepts for TypeScript.

• HTMLCanvasElement

I hope you enjoy this list of 40 project tutorials in Vanilla JavaScript, React and TypeScript.

Happy coding!

I am a musician and a programmer.

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2014-2015 First Regular Session | 70th General Assembly

Second Regular Session | 74th General Assembly

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Assignment of Child Support Foster Youth

Current Colorado law requires that a decree providing for placement of a child with a public agency be accompanied by a court order that obligates the child's parent to pay a fee, based on the parent's ability to pay. The fee covers the costs of a guardian ad litem and of providing for residential care of the child. The bill removes the requirement for a court order obligating a child's parent to pay the fee for residential child care and guardian ad litem costs. Instead, the bill authorizes a delegate child support enforcement unit to impose a fee only when a county child welfare unit determines a referral is appropriate in accordance with rules promulgated by the state board of human services (state board). The bill removes the requirements that this fee be based on a parent's ability to pay and that the fee cover the cost of a guardian ad litem.

Current Colorado law assigns child support by operation of law to the state department of human services to reimburse county, state, and federal out-of-home placement costs when a child is placed in foster care. The bill limits assignments to current, rather than previously accrued, child support obligations. The bill grants a delegate child support enforcement unit discretion to enforce a child support obligation when a county child welfare unit determines a referral is appropriate in accordance with rules promulgated by the state board.

(Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced.)

Bill History

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Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us  are no longer active. Please replace @state.co.us with @coleg.gov for Colorado legislature email addresses.  Details

The effective date for bills enacted without a safety clause is August 7, 2024, if the General Assembly adjourns sine die on May 8, 2024, unless otherwise specified. Details

Mets DFA two-time All-Star after just one start

• Updated: Apr. 09, 2024, 3:06 p.m. |
• Published: Apr. 09, 2024, 2:40 p.m.

New York Mets pitcher Julio Teheran delivers to an Atlanta Braves batter in the first inning of a baseball game Monday, April 8, 2024, in Atlanta. (AP Photo/John Bazemore) AP

• Manny Gómez | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com

After just one start, Julio Teheran ’s tenure with the Mets is over.

On Tuesday, the team announced that the two-time All-Star has been designated for assignment. In a corresponding move, the Mets have called up Dedniel Núñez from Triple-A Syracuse.

MORE METS COVERAGE

• Mets sit down ‘beat up’ slugger, shut down another veteran
• Mets trade towering pitcher who revitalized career last season
• Ex-Dodgers ace faces five charges over alleged disturbing incident with wife
• Ex-Mets ace has plan to combat pitching ‘pandemic’
• Trump gets endorsement from Yankees’ Hall of Famer

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• Implementing Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management

Can I delete or deactivate a cost book or a cost book assignment to a cost organization?

Yes. You can delete or deactivate a cost book or a cost book assignment to a cost organization if there are no costing transactions or other references that depend on the cost book or cost book assignment.

Do this by first deleting references to the cost book in other cost management setup, then delete the cost book. Likewise, first delete references to the cost book assignment in other cost management setup, then delete the cost book assignment.

You can deactivate a cost book or cost book assignment to a cost organization at any time. To deactivate a cost book or cost book assignment, set the effective end date to a current or future date; however, all past assignments remain in effect.

Baltimore Orioles Sending Cy Young Finalist On Injury Rehab Assignment

The Baltimore Orioles are preparing to send their Cy Young finalist of a year ago on an injury rehab assignment in the next stage of his recovery.

• Author: Matthew Postins

In this story:

The Baltimore Orioles are confident enough with the recovery of pitcher Kyle Bradish that they are sending him on a rehab assignment.

The Orioles announced that Bradish will be sent to High Class-A Aberdeen to start a rehab assignment “soon,” per multiple outlets .

The date for the beginning of his rehab is important because it starts at 30-day clock that allows him to remain in the minors so he can build up to re-join Baltimore. Considering Bradish was completely shut down at the start of this process, he may need the entire window to get ready for the Majors.

Bradish is recovering from a right UCL sprain, which is the same ligament that can lead to Tommy John surgery. The Orioles caught the sprain early in camp and believe that with rest and rehabilitation he can avoid surgery.

He has thrown off flat ground and bullpen sessions, but has not thrown in a live game yet in 2024. Bradish has spent the past couple of weeks at the team’s facility in Sarasota, Fla., continuing his rehab.

The rising star went 12-7 in 30 starts, throwing 168 2/3 innings and striking out 168 last season. He had the fourth-best ERA in baseball at 2.83 and had a 1.04 WHIP. He helped Baltimore win the American League East for the first time since 2016.

That performance led him to finish in the Top 5 in Cy Young voting and earned him a spot on the All-MLB Second Team.

Rotation mate John Means is currently on an injury rehab assignment at Triple-A Norfolk as he works his way back from a left forearm strain that flared up at the start of spring training and put him about a month behind the rest of the rotation.

Latest Orioles News

Orioles Future Ace On 'All-MLB Breakout Team'

Orioles Cut Local Kid

Orioles Youngster's Historic Game Might Have Earned Roster Spot

Gunnar Henderson-Powered Orioles Are a Legit World Series Threat

Orioles' Prospects Showing the Future is Now

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Athletics' Zach Jackson: Designated for assignment

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Jackson was designated for assignment by the Athletics on Sunday.

It's been a precipitous drop for Jackson in a relatively short period of time, as he recorded 28 holds and four saves while posting a a 2.86 ERA over 73 games for Oakland over the 2022 and 2023 seasons. The right-hander's fortunes began to turn for the worse this spring when he produced a 6.48 ERA in nine Cactus League outings, and they didn't get any better (18.00 ERA, 5.00 WHIP) over three appearances with Triple-A Las Vegas early this minor-league season. Jackson's spot on the 40-man roster was taken up by Alex Speas, who was acquired from the White Sox on Saturday for cash considerations.

Athletics' Zach Jackson: Optioned to Triple-A

Athletics' zach jackson: healthy for spring training, athletics' zach jackson: out indefinitely after appendectomy, athletics' zach jackson: logs second rehab outing, athletics' zach jackson: begins rehab assignment, athletics' zach jackson: completes another bullpen session, our latest fantasy baseball stories.

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Can't pick up everyone? Here's what to do

Scott white • 5 min read.

Pitchers risking up Towers' rankings

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Pitcher injuries wreaking havoc

Scott white • 11 min read.

Week 3 two-start pitcher rankings

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Mets add fresh arm to bullpen by calling up Sulser while Ramírez designated for assignment

New York Mets pitcher Yohan Ramírez (46) speaks with catcher Omar Narváez (2) at the pitcher’s mound after a wild pitch allowed Cincinnati Reds’ Jake Fraley (not shown) to reach first base during the eighth inning of a baseball game Saturday, April 6, 2024, in Cincinnati. (AP Photo/Jeff Dean)

New York Mets’ Yohan Ramirez pitches during the seventh inning of a baseball game against the Milwaukee Brewers, Sunday, March 31, 2024, in New York. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)

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ATLANTA (AP) — Looking to add a fresh arm to their bullpen, the New York Mets designated right-hander Yohan Ramírez for assignment and selected the contract of right-hander Cole Sulser from Triple-A Syracuse.

Mets manager Carlos Mendoza said the roster move was necessary because right-hander Julio Teheran was to have his pitch count restricted in his debut with the team on Monday night against the Atlanta Braves. Teheran, 33, signed with New York on Friday.

Ramírez was 0-1 with an 11.81 ERA in three games. He threw two innings on Saturday, allowing four hits and five runs at Cincinnati and so would not have been available on Monday night.

“The challenging part when we left camp was we knew we had some pitchers who were out of options, so now here we are,” Mendoza said. “... I hate it.”

Sulser pitched six scoreless innings for the Mets in spring training. He allowed four runs in 5 1/3 innings for Arizona in 2023. In five seasons with Tampa Bay, Baltimore, Miami and Arizona, Sulser is 7-13 with a 3.87 ERA in 129 games, all in relief.

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Texas Rangers 1B Nathaniel Lowe takes live batting practice, prepares for rehab assignment

Lowe is recovering from a strained oblique and will now work through what amounts to an expedited spring training..

By Evan Grant

6:04 PM on Apr 9, 2024 CDT

ARLINGTON — It is just about time for spring training for Nathaniel Lowe.

The Texas Rangers first baseman on Tuesday took live batting practice for the first time since straining his oblique muscle a month ago . He could begin what amounts to a repeat of spring training as early as Thursday when he starts a rather long-ish rehab assignment. Lowe said he’s prepared for a rehab assignment that could last up to three weeks. In effect, he’d get the equivalent of a full spring training worth of at-bats (about 30-40) in a shorter period of time.

“I’ll do whatever I have to do,” Lowe said. “If it’s two or three weeks, but you are playing every day, getting at-bats, that’s what is important. In spring training, you really aren’t getting better until you are taking every day at-bats.”

Related: Texas Rangers, Bruce Bochy give SS Corey Seager scheduled off day Tuesday vs. Oakland

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Typically, players appear every other day at the start of spring training and don’t play more regularly until there are about two weeks remaining until the season.

Lowe faced some pitchers brought over from Double-A Frisco in batting practice session.

“It felt like early spring training as far as recognizing pitches and seeing the ball,” Lowe said. “But it felt good. There were some pitches that I swung through and some check swings that would have been a concern. And I felt nothing.”

In Lowe’s absence, Jared Walsh and Ezequiel Duran have split time at first base. Duran started at first for just the second time in the first 11 games Tuesday against Oakland lefty Alex Wood.

Twitter: @Evan_P_Grant

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Evan Grant , Rangers beat writer/insider . Evan has covered the Rangers since 1997. He has twice been named one of the top 10 beat writers in the country by the AP Sports Editors. His passions outside of covering baseball are his wife, Gina, his two step kids, two crazy dogs & barbecue. Let's not discuss the cat. Evan graduated from Georgia State University, but oddly is a Georgia fan.

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