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Rudramadevi History- The warrior queen of Kakatiya Dynasty

Rudramadevi history .

Rani Rudramadevi was born in 1262 CE. Her father, Ganapatideva is the founder of the Kakatiya Dynasty. She was one of the most prominent women rulers of the Kakatiya Dynasty in Indian History. Rudramadevi ruled the Kakatiya Dynasty from 1262 to 1295 CE.

Rani Rudrama Early Days:

When Rudhramadevi was born, she was treated as a boy and given the male name Rudradeva. In those days, South India was dominated by male rulers. So Ganapati Deva brought her up as a prince and taught her every art of war. At 14, Rudrama Devi shared the throne with her father in the name of Rudradeva. She learned how to administrate the kingdom and participated in meetings with the public to understand the suffering of ordinary people.

After the death of Ganapathi Deva, Rudramadevi celebrated her coronation and became the complete ruler of the Kakatiya Dynasty. Due to the male ruler’s domination, she was bestowed with a male name Rudradeva, and even asked the artists and workers to use her male name in all inscriptions. She also attended public meetings dressed as a man.

Rani Rudramadevi Suppressed the Enemies

Her succession to the throne was opposed by many small rulers and nobles, including her relations. They hated being under the women’s authority. With evil thoughts, all the enemies started to besiege the Orugallu Kingdom. In these complicated situation, Rudramadevi handled these with great courage and suppressed the enemies with her fierce forces. In this way, she proved herself the worthy of her enthrone as Queen. During Rani Rudrama reign, the mighty Yadavas of Devagiri and Cholas attacked to conquer the Kakatiya Kingdom but the attempts failed due to the strong determination of Rudrama Devi. Rani Rudramadevi ruled four decades with good administration, love of justice, equality among the people and administrators and spreading the peace. So during her ruling period, historians called the golden period in Andhra History.

Important Incidents in the life of Rani Rudrama

Many allied kingdoms didn’t accept her as their Queen and revolted against her, but the Queen suppressed every revolution and became a shield to Kakatiya territory.
She married Veera Bhadra, but their intimate life ended very early; the death of Veera Bhadra caused her severe grief.
In 1280 Rudramadevi made her grandson Prataparudradeva the Yuvaraja In 1285 the Yadavas, Cholas and Hoysalas tried to conquer Kakatiya Empire and wanted to annex their Kingdoms. But the situation was oppressed successfully by Rani Rudrama Devi with the support of Prataparudradeva.
Rani Rudramadevi constructed the Orugallu Fort. Some historians believe that she started the Golkonda fort construction.

Rudrama Devi (1259-1289): The Brave Warrior Queen of the Kakatiya Empire

Razia Sultan is regarded as the first and the only queen who ruled the Delhi Sultanat e. Her achievements and exploits have been praised by historians. She was the first women ruler of the Sultanate who renounced the Purdah system and several other practices that hindered the woman’s personality and character.

Similar to the story of Razia there was another woman queen who ruled around present-day Telangana and was regarded as a fierce warrior. Queen Rudrama Devi and her never-ending tales of glory haven’t got the attention of modern-day historians.

Many of us have read about how Razia Sultan managed her administration and took key measures for the betterment of the empire. The story of Rudrama Devi is similar to Razia just like Razia fought battles, developed policies for efficient administration took key measures for the protection of her people, and also worked for the upliftment of women.

She became so famous that even the Italian traveler Marco Polo who visited her kingdom praised her efforts and generosity which she had shown towards her people.

Queen Rudrama Devi: An Untold Story

Rudrama Devi was the queen of the Kakatiya kingdom which comprised modern-day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. However, the early history and origin of the Kakatiyas are still ambiguous as nothing can surely be said anything about it.

Initially, it is suggested that the Kakatiyas were originally the feudatories of the western Chalukyas, and later in 1163 when a person named King Ganapatideva made himself the master of the coastal areas of Andhra the Kakatiyas emerged as a significant power. King Ganapatideva ruled from 1199 -1262 CE and had two daughters namely Rudrama and Ganapamba.

During medieval period the widely accepted belief was that a king’s successor should be his son, not his daughter. This was a grim situation for the Kakatiya ruler as he did not have any sons to succeed after him and his empire might collapse. But his prime minister advised him to elect her elder daughter as his successor.

For this, the king performed a century-old ritual which made his daughter to be his successor. After this Queen Rudrama Devi ascended the precious throne of the Kakatiya kingdom in 1259 CE. She was only 16 years old when she took charge of her kingdom. However, as happened to Razai several nobles opposed her and didn’t accept to serve under a woman’s throne.

She was married to the Eastern Chalukyan Prince Virbhadra and had a daughter. However, the great Hindu queen didn’t sit quiet and silenced them when an ideal opportunity came to her. It was in 1263 when Rudrama Devi showed her military prowess to the world.

The king of the Yadavas dynasty Mahadeva tried to extend his influence over the kakatiyas and for this purpose, he led an expedition against Rudrama Devi and her troops. Thinking about the vulnerability of the queen and her troops King Mahadeva was confident enough to defeat the former.

However, the attack led by the Yadavas was staunchly repulsed by the Kakatiyas . The aggression from the queen was so fierce that the Kakatiyas chased the invading army to its capital Devagiri. It is also believed that the queen even ordered to lay siege on Devagiri.

This victory of the queen raised herself as an efficient leader who was always prepared to protect her people and kingdom from any aggressor. Some historians have also suggested that Queen Rudrama Devi wore male attire at her royal court and on the battlefield . This can be regarded as the earliest examples of woman empowerment and women’s emancipation and liberty.

Apart from winning battles she also worked for the betterment of farmers and agriculturalists. She took several key measures to relieve the farmers by building appropriate canals and water reservoirs. She also promoted the use of Telugu literature in her court and also took measures to fortify the fort of Warangal. She also recruited military personnel from non-aristocratic classes which was a liberal attitude of her towards her countrymen.

Note: Do you know that Vijayanagara king Krishnadeva Raya also patronized Telugu??

Read here the fascinating story of Krishnadeva Raya

These efforts made Marco Polo wonder and he praised her and said

The kingdom has been under the rule of a Queen for some 40 years. She is a lady of much discretion who for the great love she bore her husband would never marry another. I can assure you that during all that space of forty years, she administered her realm well. She was a lover of Justice, equity, and peace and was more beloved by those of her kingdom than any lady or lord before.

This praise from an eminent traveler highlights the growing prowess of the great Rudrama Devi. The rule of Rudrama Devi lasted till 1289 CE and it is believed that during her last day, a civil war broke against her led by Ambadeva. She elected Pratapdeva as her successor and tried to curb the rebellions as much as possible. Many believed that she died in a campaign against Ambadeva however the mystery to this day remains unclear.

While many of us focus more on the history of Sultante and their kings and portray them as ideal examples of heroism the unheard story of queens like Rudrama Devi and others still awaits to be told to the general public.

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Rudramadevi: A King Like No Other

AUTHOR Akshay Chavan
PUBLISHED 04 July 2017

Made to come alive on celluloid, in a popular Telugu film Rudhramadevi , this Kakatiya ruler chose to adopt the title of ‘King’ - akin to many women corporate leaders who prefer to be called the Chairman rather than Chairwoman of their boards. While today, this may be interpreted as a way to underline the gender-neutrality of an office of power and responsibility, way back when Rudramadevi became ‘King’ it was out of necessity.

Being anointed ‘King’ was the only option for Rudramadevi, who had to fight against patriarchy all her life. But the fact that she held her ground, ruled for decades and was recognised as a great ruler back in the 13th century CE, is testimony to her greatness. We know very little about Rudramadevi. But here is what we do know, pieced together from contemporary records, inscriptions from the era and historical research.

– Being anointed ‘King’ was the only option for Rudramadevi

Rudramadevi ruled over the Kakatiya kingdom, which comprised of parts of present day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh from 1261 to 1289 (or 1295) CE. Venetian merchant and traveler Marco Polo who visited India during this period has written extensively about her rule. In fact, Rudramadevi even features in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. But sadly, little is mentioned about her in Indian history text books. One of the few scholars who has studied and attempted to sketch her life is Cynthia Talbot, Professor of History at University of Texas in her book, Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra (Oxford University Press, 2001).

The Kakatiyas were a dynasty which ruled over Telangana between the 12th and 14th centuries CE. Their capital was the circular city of Warangal, named after a huge black boulder in the middle. This gave the city its name Orugallu or one stone boulder, which over time became Warangal.

Little is known of the early history of the Kakatiyas. They probably began their reign as feudatories of the western Chalukya kings . Around 1163 CE they threw off the yolk to become independent rulers. It was King Ganapatideva (1199-1262 CE) who conquered areas of coastal Andhra and united all the Telugu speaking lands.

– Rudramadevi had to fight against patriarchy all her life

The story goes that King Ganapatideva did not have a son, only two daughters, Rudrama and Ganapamba. In the absence of a male heir, he decided to make his elder daughter Rudramadevi his heir. But there was vehement opposition to this from the nobility. With no options left, the king was forced to perform a special ceremony where Rudramadevi was declared his son and given the name Rudradev. Talbot writes that for two years, the father and daughter served as joint rulers of the Kakatiya kingdom till Ganapatideva died in 1262 CE.

On ascending the throne, Rudramadevi took the title of ‘Maharaja Rudradev’ and actually wore masculine clothes. She was a great warrior, but much like Razia Sultan who had died by 1240 CE, she had to face constant antagonism. There were attempts on her life from those within her family.

– On ascending the throne, Rudramadevi took the title of ‘Maharaja Rudradev’ and wore masculine clothes

Despite this, on the battlefield Rudramadevi was a great success. She repelled an invasion by the Yadava king of Devagiri (Daulatabad) forcing him to sign a peace accord. Probably to win new loyalists, given the antagonism against her, Rudramadevi also began a new policy of enlisting people from non-aristocratic backgrounds as commanders in the army and in the administration. This was quite a revolutionary idea for the time. The fort of Warangal was also strengthened under her rule with a moat and an additional circular wall being added.

It was in around 1289 CE that Marco Polo visited the Kakatiya kingdom. Even he seems to have found it hard to believe that a woman had inherited her father’s throne. In his records he wrongly assumes that she was King Ganapatideva’s widow. While he may have made a big mistake there, he does leave one of the only accounts of Rudramadevi’s rule. Marco Polo testifies that she was a kind and benevolent ruler. In his work 'Travels of Marco Polo' which he narrated to Rustichello da Pisa, ( who helped him write his autobiography) he says–

‘ When you leave Malabar and go about 1,000 miles in a northerly direction you come to the kingdom of Mutfili [Motupalli – Port under Kakatiyas]. This was formerly under the rule of a King, and since his death, some forty years past, it has been under his Queen [Marco Polo got this wrong], a lady of much discretion, who for the great love she bore him never would marry another husband. And I can assure you that during all that space of forty years she had administered her realm as well as ever her husband did, or better; and as she was a lover of justice, of equity, and of peace, she was more beloved by those of her kingdom than ever was Lady or Lord of theirs before. The people worship idols, and are tributary to nobody. They live on meat, and rice, and milk.’

Inscription on the death of Rudramadevi in Chandupalta in 1289 CE

– Marco Polo testifies that she was a kind and benevolent ruler

Rudramadevi was married to Chalukya Virbhadra, a minor prince of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. They had no sons but only daughters. She adopted her grandson, Pratapdeva as her heir. There are differing views on the exact date of her death and how she died. Some historians believe that she died in 1290 CE, while others believe she died in 1295 CE. Few years back, an inscription was found in Chandupatla village, in the Nalgonda district of Telangana, which states that she died on 27th November 1289 CE, along with her general Mallikarjuna Nayaka. But there is no mention of the cause of her death or even where she died. Many believe that she might have died in battle, fighting a rebel lord Ambadeva.

What we do know though, is that she was succeeded by her grandson Pratapdeva. He was the last ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty and had to face invasions from the armies of Alauddin Khilji. His reign ended in 1323 CE, when Warangal was conquered by the Delhi Sultanate. When that happened, his brother fled with a large retinue to the thick forests of Bastar, further North. The fleeing Annamadeva also took with him the idol of the Goddess Danteshwari. He established a kingdom at Bastar and also the Danteshwari temple there. Rudramadevi’s heirs continued to rule Bastar all the way till 1947 when this little kingdom was merged into the Union of India. Even though she hasn’t been given her due in our history books, Rudramadevi’s legacy continued in Bastar, long after she was gone.

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Rani Rudrama Devi - The Brave Queen Of Medieval Kaktiya Empire- Her Life and videos

The perception of the history of the past has often been primarily from male point of view. That’s why it is called “His”tory rather than “her”story or “their”story. Isn’t it? Generally all the historical writings relegated women to background. The activities of men are mostly projected while that of women were ignored and were almost neglected. The administrative abilities of women generally never surface in the history pages. So here I present the life of a Medieval Queen of Deccan - Rani Rudrama Devi.

Rani Rudrama Devi 1259 to 1289 AD was one of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, being one of the few ruling queens in Indian history. She shines gloriously in the medieval history of South India. She was the only child of King Ganapathi Dava who ruled at Warangal the capital of Kakateeya Dynasty that had sway over entire Telangana ( Present Andhra Pradesh State) and most of the Andhra provinces during 13 th century.

Kakatiyas of Warangal are one of the major dynasties that ruled over Andhra and shaped its history and civilization. The foundation of kakatiya empire was laid in land lying between Godavari and Krishan on a hillock called Hanumakonda. The Story of the builders of the empire goes back to the eight and ninth centuries of Christian Era. With Orugallu(now known as Warangal) as their capital the kaktiyas ruled over the Telugu country from about 1150 AD to 1323 AD.

Rudrama Devi was born, as Rudramba, to King Ganapathideva (or Ganapatideva, or Ganapathi Devudu). As Ganapathideva had no sons, Rudramma was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva. Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra, Eastern Chalukyan prince of Nidadavolu.

Ganapati Deva after taking advice from the illustrious Prime Minister Sivadevayya nominated Rudrama Devi as his successor in his last days. When she was only fourteen years old, Rani Rudramma Devi succeeded her father. In the first two or three years of her conjoint rule with her father, the kingdom was thrown into confusion and disorder due to Jatavarma Sundara Pandya I's invasion and the disastrous defeat of the Kakatiyas along with their allies on the battle field of Muttukur near Nellore. Though Ganapati was ultimately successful in turning back the tide of invasion, yet he suffered loss of territory end prestige and his hold over his feudatories and nobles was shaken. Under these circumstances, he retired from active politics. So the real power vested with Rani Rudrama Devi. She used to look after all the administrative matters. From various inscriptions it seems that she started ruling independently from 1261.

She lost both her husband and father in 1266-1267.That was a heavy blow and she was unable to take up so much grief. She was totally devastated and it was learnt that she decided to die, but was persuaded by her nobles and ministers to look after the Kingdom.And finally she was coronated in 1269 AD.

Sailing Brave In the Whirl of Attacks

A lady being made a king of vast Empire was no doubt resented by some nobles and her cousins who later raised banner of revolt. Even Veera Bhadra(Her Husband) also was jealous of Rudrmadevi ruling the land. She wore male attire and sat on the throne and with iron hand ruled the kingdom keeping the enemies at bay. Pandyas and Cholas from the south Indian peninsula were also great threat and she kept them at bay with great vigour. After her accession she had to fight Harihara deva and Murarideva the cousins who revolted against the lady ruler. She had some efficient nobles like Jaganni deva and Gona Ganna reddy who helped her greatly in suppressing revolts.

With regard to the external dangers, the Kalinga King Narasimha I who suffered a defeat previously at the hands of Ganapatideva, taking advantage of the distracted condition in the Kakatiya dominions, marched with his forces into the Godavari delta to recover his lost possessons. In the later part of the reign of Rudramadevi, the above provinces came back under her sway. Her commanders Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka fought against Kalinga Vira Bhanudeva I. son and successor of Narasimha I and his accomplices Arjunadeva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi and others and inflicted a crushing defeat on them. The Kakatiya power was thus re-established in the coastal Andhra country.

But the biggest threat came from the West in the form of Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri. Rudramadevi defeated Mahadeva Raja the Seuna Yadava Ruler of Devagiri ( Daulatabad in Aurangabad District at present in Maharashtra state)who invaded Warangal ( earlier known as Orugallu or Ekasilanagaramu) fort, the capital of Kakateeya empire and chased him away. Mahadeva was desirous to take the advantage of internal unrest in the kakateya Empire coupled by a Lady at the top. But little was known to him of her valor and administrative capabilities. She crossed Godavari chasing the yadava ruler right into his territories and forced him to make peace. The Devagiri King had to pay great amount of ransom to the queen and made peace. Although such treasures gained after victory belonged to the royal house she magnanimously she distributed the wealth among her troops most graciously.

Tussle with Ambadeva and Death

In the south the Nellore kingdom came under the sway of the Pandyas and was placed under their vassals. The Kayastha chief Jannigadeva re-occupied the territories of the Nelluru kingdom and freed thus from the Pandyan sway. He and his brother Tripurarideva I (1270-72 A.D.) continued to rule the Valluru kingdom as the vassals of Rudramadevi. However with the succession of their younger brother AMBADEVA to the throne in 1272 A.D., the situation underwent a change.

Ambadeva was ambitious and powerful. From the beginning, he resolved to resuscitate the fortunes of his family and carve out an independent kingdom for himself. To pursue these objects, he was in constant wars with his neighbours during his long reign of thirty-two years. With his conquests, Gandtkota, Mulikinadu, Renadu. Sakilinadu, Eruva and Pottapinadu were added to the Kayastha kingdom. He restored Manumagandagopala on the throne of Nellore and made him his vassal. The Pandyas, who attempted to restore their sway here, were defeated and driven away. As a result of this, the Pandyan suzerainty in Andhradesa came to an end. But the establishment of a strong, extensive and independent Kayastha kingdom in the southern parts, gave a jolt to the imperial authority of the Kakatiyas.

Rudramadevi could not tolerate the headstrong and disloyal Ambadeva. By that time Prataprudra her Grandson become old enough to share the responsibilities of the administration. He was of great valor and extraordinary war planner. He planned a three prong attack on the Ambadeva . The intention is to weaken all his support systems so that he don’t have enough strength. Of the three , the first was led by the Old Queen Rudrama Devi and her general Mallikarjuna. However, as the recently discovered Chandupatla (Nalgonda district) grant dated 25th November, 1289 A.D. indicates, Ambadeva seems to have killed Rudrama along with Mallikarjuna Nayaka in battle in that year. At the time of battle Rani Rudrama Devi is more than 80 years old. Inspite of that old age, with a huge army which marches on her orders, she chose to step in and lead the battle to leave this world as a Veera Vanitha battling till her last breathe (Brave Lady). Adjacent Video of V6 News Channel (telugu) is about Chandupatla Epigraph.

New Update: Rare Sculptures of Rudramadevi Discovered

Two articles published in The Hindu about Rudramadevi recently according to Archaeology Survey of India (ASI) have discovered crucial sculptures in Telugu states which are very crucial to close on to the mystery of Death. The links to the Articles and important excerpts are below-

The Hindu News Article dated 5th December'2017 reported discovery of Two sculptures depicting Rani Rudrama Devi, by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at Bollikunta village in Warangal district of Telangana. The discovery could possibly unravel the mystery shrouding her death.

For long there was a question mark over how the courageous 13th century Kakatiya sovereign met her end, though an inscription gave the place of her passing away as Chandupatla in Nalgonda district. But these two sequential sculptures found now show that she lost her life in a fierce battle with a Kayastha chieftain called Ambadeva.

“The discovery of these two stunning and elegant portrait sculptures are very significant from the archaeological research point of view and most vital for reconstruction of the bloom and gloom in the life of a brave female general, administrator, strategist, trendsetter and philanthropist ,” said D. Kanna Babu, Superintending Archaeologist, Temple Survey Project (Southern Region), ASI, Chennai.

Mr. Babu said the patron and the artisan who carved the two panels appeared to have acted with farsightedness by visualising them to serve as commemorative visual aids to Rudrama Devi’s life and times for successive generations. These portraits also reveal, he said, the charismatic qualities of Rudrama Devi, such as her oval face, soft cheeks, wide eyes, slender nose and a tender pair of lips.

Another News article Published on The Hindu (April 8 '2018) has reported finding of A sculptural slab carved in granite that has a life-size portrait of Kakatiya warrior queen Rudrama Devi discovered by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in the sanctum sanctorum of Trikuta temple at Bekkallu village in Siddipet district.

Stating that the discovery has unravelled the mystery of her death, the officials said Rudrama Devi was killed during a war by her own subordinate chief Kayastha King Ambadeva somewhere near Warangal.

Describing the sculpture, Mr. Babu said the queen’s arms and wrists are embellished with warrior shields. “She is wearing robes of a male warrior with a waist belt and has her left leg over the hanging pedal while a shield is securing her chest,” he explained.

Ambadeva, the rebellion sub-ordinate chief, is in his war robes with a tightly-fixed lower garment, a waist belt and arm guards.

“He escaped the blows of Rudrama Devi and overpowered the horse and harmed it. The horse falls on its face and Rudrama Devi is surprised of his sudden action of rebel. Finally, Ambadeva kills her and she attains viraswargam,” he said.

However the Army of Rudrama Devi was victorious and later Prataparudra II, successor of Rudrama succeeded in completely suppressing the Kayastha revolt . Ambadeva was left with no shape and size to rethink of attacking Kakateeya Empire.

Her Rule and Patronage

Among Rani Rudramma Devi's accomplishments during her reign was the completion of Warangal Fort, begun by her father, in the Kakatiya capital of Warangal (one stone hill). Parts of the fort are still standing, including examples of distinctive Kakatiya sculpture. She worshipped goddesses. Bhadrakali, Ekaveera and Padmakshi.She captured important forts like Mulikinadu, Renadu, Eruva,Mutthapi nadu, Satti.

Legend has it that due to her upbringing as a boy, Rani Rudrama was not much a connoisseur of music and art, but she was quite taken by a form of Shiva Tandavam - Perini which was extinct and it was brought back by Dr. Nataraja Ramakrishna. She found this dance more of an exercise to the soldiers and had it made part of the training of the royal force. You can watch the dance form in the adjacent video being performed by Perini Ravi Teja & Perini Venkat.The queen had no much time to pursue arts and literature during her reign.

After the death of Rudramadevi most probably in a battle, Prataparudradeva II ( 1296-1323) son of her daughter Mummadamma succeeded to the throne. In fact Ganapathideva announced Prataparudra as crown prince in his last days. The Muslim invasions on South India started during his reign and finally the Kakateeya Empire came to an end.

Rudrama Devi was one of the most outstanding queens in Indian History from Kakateeya dynasty and people still cherish her memories. Her Gender did not come on her way in discharging the duties of her exalted office. She took an active part in governing the country and strove hard to promote the best interests of the state. In spite of the wars which frequently disturbed the country, her people remained contented and happy under her rule.

She had also a deep moat dug around it Marcopolo. the Venetian traveller who paid a visit to the kingdom probably a little later, speaks highly of her administrative qualities, benign rule and greatness. She is one among the valiant and distinguished queens such as Durgavathi of Gondwana ( During Akbars times), Rani Chinnamma of Kittur ( During East India Company’s rule), of Maharashtra ( Aurangzebs times), Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi ( During East India Company’s rule), Razia sultana ( Early period of Sultanate at Delhi) and her memory is immortal..

Update - Telugu Movie on Rani Rudrama Devi

In 2015, a Telugu 3D epic historical fiction film based on the life of Rudrama Devi was released across the globe. The film written and directed by Gunasekhar features Anushka Shetty as Rudrama Devi, with cast of Allu Arjun, Rana Daggubati, Vikramjeet Virk, Krishnam Raju, Prakash Raj, Suman, Nithya Menen, Baba Sehgal and Catherine Tresa. The movie was well received by the audience and won critical acclaim. The movie starts with Marcopolo narrating the story of Rudramadevi and ends with Rudramadevi suppressing all the rebellion Kings.

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RUDRAMA DEVI : THE WARRIOR QUEEN

2021, Samvedna Vol. III Issue-1

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Rudrama Devi, the first woman ruler of Andhra

Rudrama Devi, the first woman ruler of Andhra. Rani Rudrama Devi (1259−1289AD) was one of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty.

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Rani Rudrama Devi
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827) Rani Rudrama Devi

827: Rani Rudrama Devi

Queen of Telangana During the Kakatiya Dynasty

Born: 1259, Orugallu, Telangana (Present-day Warangal, India)

Died: c.1289-1295, Present-day Chandupatla, Nalgonda District, India

Also Known As: Rudradeva Maharaja

Also Spelled As: Rudramadevi

Rudrama became co-ruler in her teens when her father named her co-regent. Since he had no male children, Rudrama’s father gave her a masculine form of her name and presented her as his male heir. She gladly accepted by dressing in male clothes and adopting a male persona. In some stories, Rudrama was an only child; while in others she had a younger sister.

Rudrama ended up marrying and having two daughters, but her husband died early on. After a significant defeat in battle (but a somewhat ultimate victory in the war) her father withdrew from public life completely and passed full power to her. When he died, she was proclaimed sole queen (or Rani in her language).

Because of her becoming queen, a rebellion raised up against Rudrama—led by her two stepbrothers, but she quickly crushed it. Rudrama spent the rest of her reign defending her kingdom from other warring nations.

Her kingdom was visited by Marco Polo and he described her as someone who ruled with justice and equity. This is seen by a new radical policy Rudrama put forward. Rudrama oversaw the move that allowed commoners to become officers in the military, as opposed to only those from aristocratic backgrounds. Rudrama also oversaw a peace accord signed between her people and the Yedava King of Devagiri. Rudrama also oversaw the completion of a major fort and the capture of several others.

In 1280, Rudrama passed the reigns onto her grandson but five years later she went to battle to defend her kingdom and was most likely killed in the conflict. Though her grandson was technically the last king of the Kakatiya, her descendants continued to rule a small kingdom in India until 1947 (according to one source), when the kingdom was united with the rest of India.

In 2015, Rudrama’s story was depicted in the Telugu film Rudhramadevi .

In 2017, the Archaeological Survey of India uncovered two statues of Rudrama in a temple in a remote village. The statues were uncovered while the temple was being excavated in the hopes of finding new information on the Kakatiya Dynasty.

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Andhra Cultural Portal

The cultural network, interface, & database for the serious andhra person, personalities: rani rudrama devi.

Continuing our series on great Andhra Personalities , our spotlight this week is on Maharani Rudrama Devi of Warangal.

Born Princess Rudramba to King Ganapati Deva , she was the first and only ruling Queen of the Kakatiya dynasty and one of united Andhra’s greatest rulers.

While considered to be the most prominent of the lineage, Rudrama devi’s father who was undefeated for most of his reign, met his first reverse at the very end against the rising power of the Pandyas in the Tamil country . A powerful monarch in his own right, Ganapati Deva did not have any sons to continue his line, and he believed only an energetic successor could restore Kakatiya prestige through chastisement of Sundara Pandya.

On the advice of his ministers, he conducted the ancient putrika ceremony that consecrated Rudrama Devi has the legal equivalent of a male successor. She was then invested with authority and recognized as his heir apparent, ruling jointly with her father until the end of his reign.

Along with her father’s building of the Kakatiya imperial state, Rudramba had the additional advantage of being married to a Vengi Chalukya prince, Veerabhadra (whose father ruled over Nidadavolu , a.k.a. Niravadyapura ). This Telangana queen married a Coastal Andhra Prince and united the Telugu land in administration and spirit.

While there was originally a mutiny in the ranks of some of her nobles, her loyal generals were able to rally around her and secure her claim against the rebellious Murari and Harihara Deva. These loyalists include Janniga , Prasaditya , and Malyala Ganda . Later, the famous Gona Gana Reddy became an effective lieutenant as well.

Rudrama Devi’s rule from 1262-1289 C.E. is replete with a litany of accomplishments.

The first of them was tackling the bitter rivals of the Kakatiyas, the Yadavas of Devagiri . Their king Mahadeva had a casus belli in the sheltering of his co-claimant to the throne, Prince Samrapani, who had been made a governor of the Kakatiya kingdom’s many fiefs. The Seuna (Yadava) king declared war and attacked Kakatiya territory, eventually laying siege to Warangal itself. The courageous Rudrama Devi sallied forth from her citadel and routed the Yadavas. She eventually chased them back to Mahadeva’s territory. He was forced to surrender Bedadakota (Bidar) to the Kakatiyas and paid a huge ransom for the release of his captured soldiers.

Next, the Queen had to face off against the Gajapati ruler of Orissa, Bhanudeva I. The Odias had taken advantage of Kakatiya troubles to march on Vengi. Rudramba sent Kakatiya forces under Pathi and Proli Nayaka , who inflicted a defeat on the invaders.

Finally, her last great achievement was also her tragic undoing and was accomplished posthumously. While her generals Janniga and Tripurari Deva restored Nellore to the Kakatiyas, their successor Amba Deva, who ruled from Kadapa, would later revolt and declare himself independent. The rebel Amba Deva cleverly schemed against Rudrama Devi by establishing friendly political relations with the rival Yadava and Pandya dynasties. He then isolated the loyal Kakatiya vassal Ganapati and removed him from Nellore as well as another Ganapati (Sripati) from Gurajala, annexing the latter to his rebel kingdom.

The indomitable Rudrama Devi could not brook such defiance and, despite her advanced years, personally led the expedition against him. Tragically, both she and her general Mallikarjuna Nayaka lost their lives in this disastrous prong of the campaign against Amba Deva. Nevertheless, true to the spirit of this great Queen of Andhra, she attained a glorious death in battle, worthy of every true Kshatriya.

Perhaps Rudrama Devi’s greatest accomplishment, however, was in expanding the structure of the wall complex surrounding Warangal. It was these very battlements under Prataparudra that would long defy the depredations of the Delhi Sultans. Indeed, it took them 5 campaigns and new advancements in catapult technology to finally bring down these stubborn parapets.

The 27 year reign of Queen Rudramba has created a legacy that stands testament to the important place of women in historic Andhra society. From the generals who rallied around her to the great fortress of Warangal (whose expansion she completed), she remains one of our most beloved figures.

She was a brilliant administrator, noble ruler, and warrior Queen. After her victory over the Yadavas, she took the title Rajagaja kesari (which had also been held by her illustrious father). Visitors such as Marco Polo spoke of her enlightened rule, happy subjects, and palace’s splendor. Though being groomed for military exploits and statecraft, Rudramba is not remembered as a patron of the arts, the unique Kakatiya style of sculpture is nevertheless traced to her reign.

Like her father, Rudrama Devi also had only her daughters, but towards the end of her rule, her grandson, the famous Prataparudra , was ready to take over the reigns of power. The son of Rudrama’s youngest daughter and the minister-noble Induluri Annaya, the Andhra Pratap had been groomed to become a capable warrior-general and King. And while Rudramba gloriously fell in battle during the campaign against Amba Deva, her grandson avenged her by making good on that claim and defeating the rebel.

Thus, in the truest sense, she, like her grandson, stands as one of the heroes and heroines of united Andhra as home of the Telugu people and culture.

Rao, P. Ragunadha. History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times to 1991. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2012.
http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-02-25/Rudrama-Devi-the-first-woman-ruler-of-Andhra–87355

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Yaaaay! Girrrrl pavar!

This is why we Telugu ammayilu are the best!

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Rudrama Devi: The Queen Who Wore A King’s Image | #IndianWomenInHistory

Our past has seen monarchies rising to power and some dramatically falling. However, it has mostly remained a fratriarchal set up for the longest time. Rarely have we seen the space dominated by females. Among these rare women, we had Razia Sultana who emerged as the scintillating ruler of the Delhi sultanate who received massive antagonism for her being a woman. Amongst them was also the 13th century Warrior Queen of Kakatiya Dynasty, Rudrama Devi.

Rudrama Devi was born as Rudramba to King Ganapathideva. She was the only child of the King Ganapathideva, who was the ruler of the Kakateeya Dynasty. He ruled the entire territory from Warangal the capital of the Dynasty.

The Kakatiya Dynasty was one of the major dynasties that ruled over Telangana and had major contributions in shaping its history and civilisation. Hanumankonda, a hillock lying in between the rivers Godavari and Krishna, formed the foundation of the Kakateeya Empire. Warangal, which was then called Orugallu, formed the capital of the Dynasty which ruled over the Telugu country from about 1150 AD to 1323 AD.

Rudra Deva: The King

Since Ganapathideva had no sons, he performed the Putrika ceremony and formally designated Rudrama Devi as a son. For her male recognition, she was named Rudradeva. On the advice of the Prime Minister, Ganapathideva also nominated Rudramadevi to be his ‘male heir’.

She rose to power in her early teens when she was appointed co-regent and ruled alongside her father. She maintained the designation that was bestowed on her and ruled as a King. She wore male attire and maintained a similar demeanour. She was later married to Veerabhadra, prince of Nidadavolu with whom she had two female children.

She maintained the designation that was bestowed on her and ruled as a King. She wore male attire and maintained a similar demeanour.

In the first few years of the conjoined rule with her father, Rudramadevi saw the kingdom falling into utter chaos during the Pandya invasion. Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I invaded their empire throwing it into disorder and confusion. The Kakateeyas along with their allies were disastrously defeated on the battlefield of Muttukur near Nelore. Although the invasion was eventually repelled and Ganapathi could ultimately turn back the tide of the invasion, he suffered the loss of territory and respect. Consequently, his control over feudatories and nobles were left in shaking grounds. The kingdom was now left in a weakened state.

Rudrama Devi: The Queen

Following the loss of prestige after the Pandya invasion, her father retired from the public sphere passing on the control to Rudrama. The powers now were vested in the hands of Rani Rudrama Devi. Scriptures suggest, she individually started ruling from 1261.

Around 1266 she lost both her father and her husband. After the demise of her father, Rudrama was finally coronated in 1269. She was now officially the Queen of the Empire. However, owing to her gender, several oppositions including that of her stepbrothers came her way. Harihara Dev and Murari Dev who refused to submit to a woman’s authority later rebelled against her.

Accomplishments and Legacy

Despite the antagonism she faced because of her gender, she rose up as one of the greatest warriors of her time. She drove back the Yedava King of Devagiri forcing him to finally sign a peace accord. She also introduced a new policy of recruiting people from the non-aristocratic background as commanders in the army as well as the administration. It was a radical step to take at that time. It is believed that she put forward such a policy to gain the trust of the commoners and thereby win new loyalists.

She also captured important forts like Renadu, Eruva Mulikinadu, and Satti.

Her accomplishments include the completion of the Warangal fort that her father had begun. It involved the addition of a second wall and a moat to the structure which was built to protect the city against future sieges.

Also read: Queen Didda: The Woman Monarch Of Kashmir | #IndianWomenInHistory

History believes Rudrama Devi was one of the most outstanding queens of all times in Indian history. She played an active part in governing the country and maintained the best interest of her people. Despite the interruptions from neighbouring empires, her people remained contended under her rule. While her gender was no barrier for her, she faced the ill will of others owing to her gender.

The Venetian traveller Marco Polo on his visit to the kingdom later spoke of her administrative qualities in high capacity. He appreciated her benign rule and greatness. He described her as a lady of discretion and appreciated her manners of justice and equity.

The concealment of identity has been used as a tool by women down the ages to project their selves in the public sphere. From historic queens like Razia and Rudrama Devi to modern authors like Mary Ann Evans and J.K. Rowling.

The Politics of Gender

Through the annals of history, gender has time and again proven to be an ‘impediment’ and a tool of suppression. The thirteenth-century witnessed the rise of two such legendary queens who were downtrodden against their gender.

Razia Sultana, daughter of Iltutmish ascended the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1236 CE. In a sphere that was dominated by men, queens like Razia and Rudrama Devi fought their way to ultimately rule their kingdoms. However, the century is a testament to a sadder reality of suppression of these women despite being in the highest echelon. Razia’s reign lasted for four years. Minhaj-i Siraj writes that “She was endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications necessary for Kings. But her sex was her greatest disqualification.”

At a time when purdah formed the larger part of the Mughal customs and attire, Razia rose against the practice deeming it obstructive. Razia too discarded conventional female attire and dressed in qaba and kulah which were elements of dresses worm by men.

Attire and appearance become a common denominator in both these examples. Through the vicissitudes of history, the need for women to endow themselves with conventionally masculine traits and project themselves as men is symptomatic of a larger contradiction.

The concealment of identity has been used as a tool by women down the ages to have chance to put themselves out in the public sphere. From historic queens like Razia and Rudrama Devi to modern authors like Mary Ann Evans and J.K. Rowling, the struggle to step out of the household has been a struggle against their feminine existence.

Also read: Razia Sultan: The First and Last Woman Ruler of Delhi Sultanate | #IndianWomenInHistory

The Female Soldier
The Hans India

Nivedita is a graduate in English Literature and Economics from Delhi University. She is a reader beyond genres and finds solace in the works of Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath. She’s usually up to finding conspiracies in stories and sees her future as a journalist.

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Rudrama Devi

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Rani Rudrama Devi (1259−1289AD) was one of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, being one of the few ruling queens in Indian history.

She was born, as Rudramba (Rudra-Amba) to King Ganapathideva (or Ganapatideva, or Ganapathi Devudu), who ruled at Warangal, Telangana the capital of Kakateeya Dynasty that had sway on most of Telangana & Andhra Pradhesh during 13th century. Rudramma was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony [1] and given the male name of Rudradeva. [2] When she was only fourteen years old, Rani Rudramma Devi succeeded her father. Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra, Eastern Chalukyan prince of Nidadavolu . [3]

Despite initial misgivings by some of her generals who resented a female ruler , she suppressed both uprisings within Kakatiya territory and incursions by neighboring kingdoms with the help of others, most notably Gona Gonna Reddy. An able fighter and dynamic ruler, Rudramba defended the kingdom from the Cholas and the Yadavas , earning their respect. She was one of very few female rulers in south India during her time. Rani Rudramma Devi ruled from CE 1262-1289

Legend has it that due to her upbringing as a boy, Rani Rudrama was not much a connoisseur of music and art, but she was quite taken by a form of Shiva Tandavam - Perini . She found this dance more of an exercise to the soldiers and had it made part of the training of the royal force.

Kakatiyas of Warangal are one of the major dynasties that ruled over Andhra and shaped its history and civilization. The foundation of the Kakatiya Empire was laid in land lying between Godavari and Krishna on a hillock called Hanumakonda. The story of the builders of the empire goes back to the eight and ninth centuries of Christian Era. With Orugallu (now known as Warangal) as their capital the Kaktiyas ruled over the Telugu country from about 1150 AD to 1323 AD.

1.1 Succession
1.2.1 Her Rule and Patronage
2 References
4 External links

Biography [ edit ]

Succession [ edit ].

Ganapati Deva, after taking advice from his Prime Minister Sivadevayya, nominated Rudrama Devi as his successor in his last days. When she was only fourteen years old, Rani Rudramma Devi succeeded her father. In the first two or three years of her conjoint rule with her father, the kingdom was thrown into confusion and disorder due to Jatavarma Sundara Pandya I's invasion and the disastrous defeat of the Kakatiyas along with their allies on the battle field of Muttukur near Nellore. Though Ganapati was ultimately successful in turning back the tide of invasion, he suffered loss of territory and prestige and his hold over his feudatories and nobles was shaken. Under these circumstances, he retired from active politics. So the real power vested with Rani Rudrama Devi. She used to look after all the administrative matters. From various inscriptions it seems that she started ruling independently from 1261.

She lost both her husband and father in 1266-1267. That was a heavy blow and she was unable to bear up under so much grief. She was totally devastated and it was learnt that she decided to die, but was persuaded by her nobles and ministers to look after the Kingdom. She was crowned in 1269 AD.

Reign [ edit ]

Her ascendancy was resented by some nobles and her cousins because she was a female. They later raised a banner of revolt. Even Veera Bhadra (her husband) also was jealous of Rudrmadevi ruling the land. She wore male attire and sat on the throne and with iron hand ruled the kingdom keeping the enemies at bay. Pandyas and Cholas from the south Indian peninsula were a great threat and she kept them at bay with great vigour. After her accession she had to fight Harihara deva and Murarideva the cousins who revolted against the lady ruler. She had some efficient nobles like Jaganni deva and Gona Ganna reddy who helped her greatly in suppressing revolts.

With regard to the external dangers, the Kalinga King Narasimha I who suffered a defeat previously at the hands of Ganapatideva, took advantage of the distracted condition in the Kakatiya dominions and marched with his forces into the Godavari delta to recover his lost possessons. In the later part of the reign of Rudramadevi, the above provinces came back under her sway. Her commanders Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka fought against Kalinga Vira Bhanudeva I, son and successor of Narasimha I, and his accomplices Arjunadeva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi and others and inflicted a crushing defeat on them. The Kakatiya power was thus re-established in the coastal Andhra country.

But the biggest threat came from the West in the form of Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri. Rudramadevi defeated Mahadeva Raja the Seuna Yadava Ruler of Devagiri (Daulatabad in Aurangabad District at present in Maharashtra state) who invaded Warangal (earlier known as Orugallu or Ekasilanagaramu) fort, the capital of the Kakateeya Empire, and chased him away. Mahadeva was desirous to take the advantage of internal unrest in the Kakateya Empire coupled with a female ruler at the top. But little was known to him of her valor and administrative capabilities. She crossed Godavari chasing the Yadava ruler right into his territories and forced him to make peace. The Devagiri king had to pay great amount of ransom to the queen and made peace. Although such treasures gained after victory belonged to the royal house, she distributed the wealth among her troops.

In the south the Nellore Kingdom came under the sway of the Pandyas and was placed under their vassals. The Kayastha chief Jannigadeva re-occupied the territories of the Nelluru kingdom and freed them thus from the Pandyan sway. He and his brother Tripurarideva I (1270-72 A.D.) continued to rule the Valluru kingdom as the vassals of Rudramadevi. However, with the succession of their younger brother Ambadeva to the throne in 1272 A.D., the situation underwent a change.

Rudramadevi could not tolerate the headstrong and disloyal Ambadeva. By that time Prataprudra, her grandson, become old enough to share the responsibilities of the administration. He was of great valor and extraordinary war planner. He planned a three-prong attack on the Ambadeva. The intention was to weaken all his support systems so that he would not have had enough strength. Of the three, the first was led by the Queen Rudrama Devi and her general Mallikarjuna. However, as the recently discovered Chandupatla (Nalgonda district) grant dated 1283 A.D. indicates, Ambadeva seems to have killed Rudrama along with Mallikarjuna Nayaka in battle in that year. However the army of Rudrama Devi was victorious; later, Prataparudra II, successor of Rudrama, succeeded in completely suppressing the Kayastha revolt. Ambadeva was left with no shape and size to rethink of attacking Kakateeya Empire.

It is rumoured she died of her battle injuries in the town of Chandupatla in Telangana .

Her Rule and Patronage [ edit ]

Among Rani Rudramma Devi's accomplishments during her reign was the completion of Warangal Fort, begun by her father, in the Kakatiya capital of Warangal (one stone hill). Parts of the fort are still standing, including examples of distinctive Kakatiya sculpture. She worshipped goddesses: Bhadrakali, Ekaveera and Padmakshi. She captured important forts like Mulikinadu, Renadu, Eruva, Mutthapi Nadu and Satti.

After the death of Rudramadevi most probably in a battle, Prataparudradeva II (1296-1323), son of her daughter Mummadamma, succeeded to the throne. In fact, Ganapathideva announced Prataparudra as crown prince in his last days. The Muslim invasions of South India started during his reign and finally the Kakateeya Empire came to an end.

Legacy [ edit ]

Rudrama Devi was one of the outstanding queens in Indian history and people still cherish her memories. Her gender did not come in the way of discharging the duties of her exalted office. She took an active part in governing the country and strove hard to promote the best interests of the state. In spite of the wars which frequently disturbed the country, her people remained contented and happy under her rule.

Marco Polo , the Venetian traveler who paid a visit to the kingdom probably a little later, speaks highly of her administrative qualities, benign rule and greatness.

References [ edit ]

↑ Jolly, Julius; Outlines of an History of the Hindu Law of Partition, Inheritance, and Adoption: As Contained in the Original Sanskrit Treatises , Thacker, Spink and Company, 1885, pp.144-150 'An appointed daughter is either one who has been charged by a father devoid of male issue to perform the customary obsequies to him after his death, and, consequently, to become his heir himself.... In the first case, the Putrikā herself came to be regarded as a son and to take a very high rank among the twelve sons.... The son of the appointed daughter, Putrikāputra, is universally mentioned as an heir.' [archive]
↑ Latif, Bilkees I.; Forgotten [archive] , Penguin Books India, Jan 1, 2010, p. 70
↑ History of the Minor Chāḷukya Families in Medieval Āndhradēśa By Kolluru Suryanarayana [1] [archive]

External links [ edit ]

In brief about the life of Rani Rudrama Devi [archive]

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Rudrama Devi facts for kids

Rudrama Devi (or Maharani Rudramma Devi) was a queen of the Kakatiya dynasty in the Deccan Plateau from 1263 to 1289 (or 1295) until her death. She was one of the very few women to rule as monarchs in India and promoted a male image in order to do so. This was a significant change and one that was followed by her successor and also by the later Vijayanagara Empire .

Reign and family

Rudrama Devi married Vengi Chalukya prince Virabhadra around the year 1240. This was almost certainly a political marriage designed by her father to forge alliances. Virabhadra is virtually undocumented and played no part in her administration. The couple had two daughters (both are adopted). Rudrama Devi probably began her rule of the Kakatiya kingdom jointly with her father, Ganapatideva, as his co-regent, from 1261 to 1262. She assumed full sovereignty in 1263. Unlike her Kakatiya predecessors, she chose to recruit as warriors many people who were not aristocratic, granting them rights over land tax revenue in return for their support.

Marco Polo , who visited India probably some time around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms. She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen curtain wall 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter and with an additional 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.

Rudrama Devi faced challenges from the Eastern Ganga dynasty and the Yadavas soon after beginning her rule. She was able to repel the former, who retreated beyond the Godavari River in the late 1270s, and she also defeated the Yadavas, who were forced to cede territory in western Andhra. She was, however, unsuccessful in dealing with the internal dissent posed by the Kayastha chieftain Ambadeva after he became head of his line in 1273. Ambadeva objected to being subordinate to the Kakatiyas and he gained control of much of southwestern Andhra and what is now Guntur District.

Rudrama Devi may have died in 1289 while fighting Ambadeva, although some sources say she did not die until 1295. She was succeeded by Prataparudra, the son of her elder daughter Mummadamma, who inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been when Rudrama Devi had ascended her throne.

This page was last modified on 27 October 2023, at 13:24. Suggest an edit .

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Rani Rudramadevi was brought into the world in 1262 CE. Her dad Ganapatideva is the organizer behind Kakatiya Dynasty. She was one of the most noticeable ladies leaders of the Kakatiya Dynasty in Indian History. Rudramadevi administered the Kakatiya Dynasty from 1262 to 1295 CE.

Early Life of Rani Rudrama:

At the point when Rudramadevi conceived, she was treated as a kid and given the male name Rudradeva. Back then, South India was overwhelmed by male rulers. So Ganapati Deva raised her as a ruler and caused her to become familiar with each speciality of war. At 14 years old, Rudrama Devi imparted the high position to her dad for the sake of Rudradeva. She figured out how to administrate the realm and partook in the gatherings with the general population to grasp the enduring of the everyday citizens. After the demise of Ganapathi Deva, Rudramadevi praised her royal celebration and turned into the total leader of the Kakatiya Dynasty. Because of the male ruler’s mastery, she presented with a male name Rudradeva and even asked the specialists and labourers to involve her male name in all engravings. She likewise went to the public gatherings dressed as a man.

How did Rani Rudramadevi Suppress the Enemies?

Her progression to the high position went against by numerous little rulers and aristocrats, including her own relations. They essentially loathed being under the ladies’ power. With the malevolent considerations, every one of the foes on the double began to attack the Orugallu Kingdom. In these muddled circumstances, Rudramadevi took care of these with extraordinary boldness and smothered the adversaries with her furious powers. In this manner she showed what she can do, the value of her enthrone as sovereign. During Rani Rudrama’s rule, the powerful Yadavas of Devagiri and Cholas went after to vanquish the Kakatiya Kingdom yet the endeavours bombed because of the solid assurance of Rudrama Devi. Rani Rudramadevi controlled forty years with great organization, love of equity, uniformity among individuals and managers and spreading the harmony. So during her decision period, antiquarians called the brilliant period in Andhra History.

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Paragraph, Essay and Speech on “ Brief History of Rani Rudrama Devi” Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.

Brief History of Rani Rudrama Devi

Rani Rudrama Devi became the ruler of the Kakatiya Empire after the death of her father. She was the daughter of Ganpathideva. She was the first and the only woman to rule over Andhra.

Ganpathideva didn’t had any son. After his death, his elder daughter, Rani Rudrama Devi, was coronated as the Queen of Kakatiya Dynasty and assumed the male name ‘Rudradeva”. Warangal was the Capital of Kakatiya Empire.

Her reign was marked by the uprising of her feudatories, who did not like the succession of a woman to the throne. Rani Rudrama overcame all the difficulties and maintained the integrity of the empire.

She was married to Veera Bhadra, but lost him early. This incident gave her severe grief.

The Yadava king Mahadeva invaded the Kakatiya Empire during the years 1268-70. But nothing came out of this. It was a mere raid and did not result in any loss of territory to the Kakatiyas.

In 1280 Prataparudradeva, the grandson of Rudrama was appointed as the Yuvaraja. In 1285, the Pandyas, the Yadavas and the Hoysalas allied themselves and tried to annex the Kakatiya Empire, but Prataparudradeva, the Yuvaraja, tackled the situation successfully.

She also completed the construction of Warangal Fort and and even captured many other forts. She had faith in religious beliefs and worshipped many goddesses.

The administrative system of Rani Rudrama was efficient and the general people led a happy life.

It is believed that she died as as result of injury during a war.

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Write a short note on Rudrama Devi.

Instructions: write about: the period of her reign, the place she reigned and her dynasty. marco polo. opposition by chiefs. subdued opponents with the help of her grandson. solution: rudrama devi was a powerful and successful ruler of the kakatiya dynasty. she ruled for 27 years (1262ce-1289ce) from oragallu (modern warrangal). marco polo, a famous traveller, travelled to her kingdom and called her fearless. in inscriptions, rudramadevi was known as rudradeva maharaj. she was not liked by her nobles and faced opposition from many important chiefs. she suppressed them with the help of her grandson prataparudra. kayastha ambadeva, one of her sub-ordinates, defeated her at the battle of chandupatla, where she lost her life..

Rudramadevi – A Great History of Great King Like No Other

Rudramadevi history in telugu.

తెలంగాణ తొలి మహిళా పాలకురాలు వీరనారి రుద్రమదేవి

దక్షిణ భారతదేశ మధ్యయుగ చరిత్రలో తెలంగాణను పరిపాలించిన మొదటి మహిళా పాలకురాలిగా రుద్రమదేవి ఘనత వహించింది. జన్మతః స్త్రీ అయినప్పటికీ పురుష వేషధారణ ధరించి రుద్రదేవ మహారాజు అనే పేరుతో కాకతీయ సింహాసనాన్ని అధిష్టించి గొప్ప పరిపాలనాదక్షురాలుగా, యుద్ధనైపుణ్యాలను కలిగిన వీరనారిగా రుద్రమదేవి గణతికెక్కింది. గణపతిదేవ చక్రవర్తి, సోమాంబలు రుద్రమదేవి తల్లిదండ్రులు. కాకతీయ చక్రవర్తులలో ప్రముఖుడైన గణపతి దేవుడికి మగ సంతానం లేని కారణంగా రుద్రమ దేవిని తన కొడుకుగ భావించి ఆమెకు గుర్రపు స్వారీ, సైనిక శిక్షణ, రాజనీతి తంత్రాలు నేర్పించి తన తరువాత కాకతీయ సామ్రాజ్య భారాన్ని అప్పగించాడు. రాజ్య వ్యవహారాల్లో చురుకుగా పాల్గొంటున్నప్పటికీ రుద్రమదేవి క్రీ.శ. 1269 వరకు కాకతీయ రాజ్య కిరీటాన్ని ధరించలేదు. పాండ్యులతో జరిగిన ముత్తుకూరు యుద్ధం తరువాత గణపతి దేవుడు క్రియాశీలక రాజకీయాల నుంచి తప్పుకుని రుద్రమకు పట్టాభిషేకం చేశాడు. రుద్రమదేవి భర్త నిడదవోలు పాలకుడైన చాళుక్య వీరభద్రుడు. ఈ దంపతులకు ముమ్మడమ్మ, రుద్రమ్మ, రుయ్యమ్మ అనబడే ముగ్గురు కుమార్తెలు జన్మించారు. ఆధారాలు క్రీ.శ. 1262 నుండి 1289 వరకు సాగిన రుద్రమదేవి పాలనకు సంబంధించిన విశేషాలు తెలుసుకోవడానికి సమకాలీన రచనలు, ఆమె హయాంలోని అధికారులు వేయించిన శాసనాలు మరీ ముఖ్యంగా ఆమె పరిపాలనా కాలంలో కాకతీయ రాజ్యాన్ని సందర్శించిన వెనీస్ యాత్రికుడు మార్కోపోలో రచనలు ముఖ్యమైన ఆధారాలుగా పరిగణించదగినవి. మార్కోపోలో మోటుపల్లి ఓడరేవులో అడుగుపెట్టిన నాటినుండి తిరుగు ప్రయాణమయ్యే దాకా రుద్రమదేవి పాలనకు సంబంధించిన అనేక అంశాలను పూసగుచ్చినట్టుగా వివరించాడు. రుద్రమ శక్తిసామర్థ్యాలను గురించి, రాజ్యంలో జరుగుతున్న వ్యాపార వ్యవహారాలు, ఎగుమతి-దిగుమతులు, ఓడరేవులో అధికారులు నిర్వర్తించే విధులు, విదేశీ వర్తకుల కోసం, బాటసారుల సంరక్షణకు రుద్రమదేవి చేపట్టిన ఏర్పాట్లు మొదలైన అంశాలను కళ్ళకు కట్టినట్టు తెలుపుతూ కాకతీయ సామ్రాజ్య వైభవాన్ని తన రచనలలో ప్రశంసించాడు.

రాజ్య స్థితిగతులు

రుద్రమదేవి రాజ్య పరిపాలనా పగ్గాలు చేపట్టే నాటికి కాకతీయ సామ్రాజ్యంలో పరిస్థితులు అస్తవ్యస్తంగా ఉండేవి. గణపతిదేవుడు రుద్రమకు రాజ్యపాలన అప్పగించడం, ఒక స్త్రీ తమను పరిపాలించడం సహించని కొందరు రాజ బంధువులు, సామంతులు తిరుగుబాటు లేవనెత్తారు. రుద్రమదేవి సవతి సోదరులైన హరిహర దేవుడు, మురారి దేవుడు ఈ తిరుగుబాటుకు నాయకత్వం వహించగా రేచర్ల ప్రసాదాదిత్యుడి ఆధ్వర్యంలోని రుద్రమదేవి సేనలు వారిని అణిచినట్లు ప్రతాపరుద్ర చరిత్ర ద్వారా తెలుస్తున్నది. మరోవైపు సామంతరాజులు, రాష్ట్ర పాలకులు కూడా తిరుగుబాటు చేశారు. ముత్తుకూరు యుద్ధంలో పాండ్యుల చేతిలో కాకతీయ సేనలు పరాజయం చవిచూశాయి. దీనికి తోడు యాదవరాజు మహాదేవుడు కాకతీయ రాజ్యాన్ని ఆక్రమించడానికి ప్రయత్నాలు ప్రారంభించాడు. ఇలాంటి క్లిష్ట పరిస్థితుల్లో కాకతీయ రాజ్యాన్ని సంరక్షించే గురుతర బాధ్యతను రేచర్ల ప్రసాదాదిత్యుడు తీసుకున్నాడు. అందుకు గాను ఇతనికి కాకతీయ రాజ్య స్థాపనాచార్య అనే బిరుదు లభించింది. రేచర్ల ప్రసాదాదిత్యుడితో పాటు కాయస్థ జన్నిగదేవుడు, కాయస్థ త్రిపురారి, గోన గన్నారెడ్డి, మల్యాల గుండి నాయకుడు, మాదయనాయకుడు, మహాప్రధాన కందరనాయకుడు మొదలైనవారు రుద్రమదేవికి అండగా నిలిచి కాకతీయ రాజ్యం సుస్థిరం చేయడానికి సహకరించారు.

పొరుగు రాజ్య పాలకుల దండయాత్రలు

కాకతీయ రాజ్యం స్త్రీ ఏలుబడిలోకి రావడం తమకు అనుకూలమని సునాయాసంగా రాజ్యాన్ని దక్కించుకోవచ్చనే ఉద్దేశ్యంతో పొరుగు రాజ్యాల పాలకులైన తూర్పు గాంగులు, యాదవులు, పాండ్యులు కాకతీయ రాజ్యంపై దండయాత్ర చేశారు. కళింగ పాలకుడైన మొదటి నరసింహుడు సైతం కాకతీయ రాజ్యంలో జరుగుతున్న అంతర్గత తిరుగుబాటును ఆసరాగా తీసుకొని కాకతీయ రాజ్యంపై దండయాత్ర చేసి గోదావరి మండలంలోని అనేక ప్రాంతాలు ఆక్రమించుకున్నాడు. అతని తనయుడు భానుదేవుడు వేంగిపై దెండెత్తాడు. పోతినాయకుడు, ప్రోలినాయకుడు అనే సేనాధిపతుల నాయకత్వంలో రుద్రమ ఈ దండయాత్రను విజయవంతంగా ఎదుర్కొని విజయం సాధించింది. గోదావరి నది ఒడ్డున కళింగ సైన్యాన్ని ఓడించడంతో తీరాంధ్ర ప్రాంతం రుద్రమదేవి వశమైనది.

యాదవుల దండయాత్ర

రుద్రమదేవి అంతరంగిక తిరుగుబాట్లు, గాంగ దండయాత్రలతో సతమతమవుతున్న కాలంలోనే యాదవరాజైన మహదేవుడు కాకతీయ రాజ్యంపై దండెత్తి 15 రోజులు ఓరుగల్లు కోటను ముట్టడించాడు. మహదేవుడి సైన్యంతో జరిగిన భీకర యుద్ధంలో రుద్రమదేవి పోరాట పటిమకు తట్టుకోలేక మహాదేవుడు పారిపోయి సంధి చేసుకున్నట్లు తెలియచేసే విజయస్తంభం ఒకటి అక్కడ రుద్రమదేవి వేయించినట్లు ప్రతాపరుద్ర చరిత్ర తెలియజేస్తున్నది. రుద్రమదేవి యాదవరాజు మహాదేవుడిపై సాధించిన విజయానికి చిహ్నంగా రాయగజకేసరి బిరుదు ధరించినట్లు తెలుస్తున్నది. రుద్రమదేవి బీదర్ కట శాసనంలో కూడా రాయగజకేసరి బిరుదు ప్రస్తావన కలదు. అంతే కాకుండా వరంగల్ కోటలో గల స్వయంభూ దేవాలయానికి రంగమంటపం కూడా నిర్మింప చేసింది. యుద్ధంలో పరాజయం పొందిన యాదవ రాజులు కాకతీయ-యాదవ రాజ్యాల మధ్య వైవాహిక సంబంధాల పెంపుదలకు మొగ్గు చూపినట్లు ఇటీవల కాలంలో లభించిన తాళ్ళపాడు శాసనం ప్రకారం తెలుస్తున్నది. యాదవ వంశానికి చెందిన ఎల్లణదేవుడికి రుద్రమదేవి రెండవ కుమార్తె రుద్రమ్మను ఇచ్చి వివాహం చేయడం ఈ విషయాన్ని ధృవపరుస్తున్నది.

కాయస్థ అంబదేవుని తిరుగుబాటు

త్రిపురాంతక, నందలూరు శాసనాల ప్రకారం కడప జిల్లా నందలూరు పాలకుడైన కాయస్థ అంబదేవుడు రుద్రమదేవి అధికారాన్ని ధిక్కరించి తిరుగుబాటు చేశాడు. రుద్రమదేవి అనుయాయుడైన కాయస్థ జన్నిగదేవుడు క్రీ.శ. 1264లో ఆమె ఆజ్ఞానుసారం నందలూరు పరిపాలిస్తున్న సమయంలో అదే ప్రాంతంలో కొనసాగిన పాండ్యుల అధికారాన్ని అంతం చేశాడు. తరువాత కాలంలో జన్నిగదేవుడి తమ్ముడు త్రిపురాంతకుడు ఆ రాజ్యానికి అధిపతిగా రుద్రమదేవికి విధేయుడిగా ఉంటూ పాలించాడు. త్రిపురాంతకుని తరువాత అతని తమ్ముడు అంబదేవుడు అదే రాజ్యానికి పాలకుడై రుద్రమదేవి సార్వభౌమత్వాన్ని అంగీకరించక తిరుగుబాటు లేవనెత్తాడు.

రుద్రమదేవికి వ్యతిరేకులైన పాండ్యులు, యాదవులతో మైత్రి చేసుకోవడం కాకతీయ రాజ్యానికి పెను ప్రమాదంగా పరిణమించింది. రుద్రమదేవి స్వయంగా ఆమె సేనాని మల్లికార్జున రాయలుతో కలిసి తిరుగుబాటును అణచడానికి పూనుకున్నది. క్రీ.శ. 1289 నవంబర్ 27 నాటి చందుపట్ల శాసనం ప్రకారం నెల్లూరు జిల్లా త్రిపురాంతకం వద్ద అంబదేవుడితో జరిగిన యుద్ధంలో రుద్రమదేవి వీరమరణం పొందింది. అయితే సమకాలీన చరిత్రకారులకు ఇంకా రుద్రమదేవి మరణ విషయంలో పరిపూర్ణమైన చారిత్రక అంశాలు లభించలేదు.

రుద్రమదేవి ఘనత

రుద్రమదేవి గొప్ప పరిపాలనావేత్త. సమర్థవంతమైన రాజ్యపాలన చేసింది. కాకతీయ రాజ్య పాలన స్వీకరించిన నాటి నుండి సుభిక్షమైన పాలనతో ప్రజాహితంగా తన పరిపాలనను కొనసాగించింది. శత్రురాజుల దండయాత్రలను సమర్ధవంతంగా తిప్పికొట్టిన వీరనారి. దక్షిణ భారతదేశ చరిత్రలో తొట్టతొలి మహిళా పాలకురాలుగా రుద్రమదేవి చిరస్థాయిగా నిలిచింది.

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Rudrama Devi
Rudrama Devi (Telugu: రుద్రమ దేవి, r. c. 1262 - 1289), also known by her regnal name Rudra-deva Maharaja, was a Lodhi Rajput Queen who ruled substantial parts of present-day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in southern India. She was among the few and the most successful Thakur female rulers of Indian history.. Rudrama's father and predecessor Ganapati, who had no son ...
Rudramadevi History, Achievements and Administration
Rudramadevi ruled the Kakatiya Dynasty from 1262 to 1295 CE. Rani Rudrama Early Days: When Rudhramadevi was born, she was treated as a boy and given the male name Rudradeva. In those days, South India was dominated by male rulers. So Ganapati Deva brought her up as a prince and taught her every art of war. At 14, Rudrama Devi shared the throne ...
Rudrama Devi
Statue of Rani Rudrama Devi. Credit: Satishk01 - CC BY-SA 4.0. Queen Rudrama Devi reigned between 1262 and 1289. She became famous mainly because she was the first female ruler to ascend the throne in South India, and by doing so, she opened a new chapter in the history of India.
Rudrama Devi (1259-1289): The Brave Warrior Queen of the Kakatiya
After this Queen Rudrama Devi ascended the precious throne of the Kakatiya kingdom in 1259 CE. She was only 16 years old when she took charge of her kingdom. However, as happened to Razai several nobles opposed her and didn't accept to serve under a woman's throne. She was married to the Eastern Chalukyan Prince Virbhadra and had a daughter.
Rudrama Devi
Rudrama Devi - A Courageous Women Monarch. Around the year 1240, Rudrama Devi married Vengi Chalukya prince Virabhadra, which was very definitely a political move made up by her father in order to form connections.; From 1261 until 1262, Rudrama Devi most likely ruled the Kakatiya empire with her father, Ganapatideva, as his co-regent.; In 1263, she was granted complete sovereignty.
Rudramadevi: A King Like No Other
Made to come alive on celluloid, in a popular Telugu film Rudhramadevi, this Kakatiya ruler chose to adopt the title of 'King' - akin to many women corporate leaders who prefer to be called the Chairman rather than Chairwoman of their boards.While today, this may be interpreted as a way to underline the gender-neutrality of an office of power and responsibility, way back when Rudramadevi ...
Her Rule and Patronage
After the death of Rudramadevi most probably in a battle, Prataparudradeva II ( 1296-1323) son of her daughter Mummadamma succeeded to the throne. In fact Ganapathideva announced Prataparudra as crown prince in his last days. The Muslim invasions on South India started during his reign and finally the Kakateeya Empire came to an end.
(PDF) RUDRAMA DEVI : THE WARRIOR QUEEN
View PDF. laosnuk&2021 Vol. III Issue-1 ISSN 2581-9917 RUDRAMA DEVI : THE WARRIOR QUEEN Aradhana Singh* Our history textbooks are replete with tales of powerful and brave Kings (read men), fighting hard in the battlefield to save their realm from threats within and outside the dominion. However, women are conspicuously missing from this ...
PDF Rudrama Devi: The Warrior Queen of the Kakatiya Dynasty
Rudrama Devi, the legendary warrior queen of the Kakatiya Dynasty, holds a prominent place in the annals of Indian history. This abstract explores the life and role of Rudrama Devi in the 13th-century South Indian kingdom, shedding light on her exceptional leadership, military prowess, and enduring legacy. The Kakatiya Dynasty, ruling over the ...
Rudrama Devi, the first woman ruler of Andhra
Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller who paid a visit to the kingdom probably a little later, spoke highly of her administrative qualities, benign rule and greatness. Rudrama Devi, the first woman ...
827) Rani Rudrama Devi
827: Rani Rudrama Devi. Queen of Telangana During the Kakatiya Dynasty. Born: 1259, Orugallu, Telangana (Present-day Warangal, India) Died: c.1289-1295, Present-day Chandupatla, Nalgonda District, India Also Known As: Rudradeva Maharaja Also Spelled As: Rudramadevi Rudrama became co-ruler in her teens when her father named her co-regent.
Personalities: Rani Rudrama Devi
These loyalists include Janniga, Prasaditya, and Malyala Ganda. Later, the famous Gona Gana Reddy became an effective lieutenant as well. Achievements. Rudrama Devi's rule from 1262-1289 C.E. is replete with a litany of accomplishments. The first of them was tackling the bitter rivals of the Kakatiyas, the Yadavas of Devagiri.
Rudrama Devi
Rudrama Devi (1245-1289) was a Warrior Queen of the Kakatiya dynasty in the Deccan Plateau of Southern India.. Rudrama Devi rose to power in 1259 during her early teens when she was appointed co-regent to jointly rule alongside her father, King Ganapati.While Ganapati had no sons, he gave her the male name of Rudradeva and formally declared her to be his male heir, an image which she did ...
PDF Rudrama Devi: a Legendary Administratator
1. "Rudramadevi: A Biography" by Dr. J. A. V. N. Murthy - This book is considered to be one of the most authoritative works on Rudrama Devi's life and reign. It provides a detailed account of her upbringing, coronation, policies, and military achievements. 2. "Women Rulers in Indian History" edited by Vijaya Ramaswamy - This book contains a
Rudrama Devi: The Queen Who Wore A King's Image
Rudrama Devi was born as Rudramba to King Ganapathideva. She was the only child of the King Ganapathideva, who was the ruler of the Kakateeya Dynasty. He ruled the entire territory from Warangal the capital of the Dynasty. The Kakatiya Dynasty was one of the major dynasties that ruled over Telangana and had major contributions in shaping its ...
Rudrama Devi
Queen, General. Rani Rudrama Devi (1259−1289AD) was one of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, being one of the few ruling queens in Indian history. She was born, as Rudramba (Rudra-Amba) to King Ganapathideva (or Ganapatideva, or Ganapathi Devudu), who ruled at Warangal, Telangana the capital of Kakateeya ...
PDF Welcome to National Book Trust India
ISBN 978-81-237-7817-4 First Edition 2016 (Saka 1937)© Alekhya Punjala 2016 Rani Rudrama Devi (English) ` 145.00 Published by the Director National Book Trust, India Nehru Bhawan
Rudrama Devi Facts for Kids
Learn Rudrama Devi facts for kids. Marco Polo, who visited India probably some time around 1289-1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms.She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen curtain wall 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter and with an additional 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.
Rani Rudrama Devi
Rani Rudrama Devi. Rani Rudramadevi was brought into the world in 1262 CE. Her dad Ganapatideva is the organizer behind Kakatiya Dynasty. She was one of the most noticeable ladies leaders of the Kakatiya Dynasty in Indian History. Rudramadevi administered the Kakatiya Dynasty from 1262 to 1295 CE.
PDF laosnuk&2021 RUDRAMA DEVI : THE WARRIOR QUEEN
laosnuk&2021 Vol. III Issue-1 ISSN 2581-9917 and rule, describing her as 'a lady of discretion, who always strove to achieve justice and equity.' But even he got her identity wrong, assuming that she is Ganapatideva's
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on " Brief History of Rani Rudrama Devi
Essay, Paragraph, Speech on " A famous escape in history or fiction" Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams. Essay, Paragraph, Speech on "Three characters from history whom I would like to meet" Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Write a short note on Rudrama Devi.
In inscriptions, Rudramadevi was known as Rudradeva Maharaj. She was not liked by her nobles and faced opposition from many important chiefs. She suppressed them with the help of her grandson Prataparudra. Kayastha Ambadeva, one of her sub-ordinates, defeated her at the battle of Chandupatla, where she lost her life.
Rudramadevi
తెలంగాణ తొలి మహిళా పాలకురాలు వీరనారి రుద్రమదేవి Rudramadevi History in Telugu. తెలంగాణ తొలి మహిళా పాలకురాలు వీరనారి రుద్రమదేవి