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Co-op & Career Centre

Write the best cover letter ever.

Posted on Tuesday, March 7th, 2017

What’s the deal with cover letters? Are they necessary? Should you use a template? If the employer doesn’t specify they want one, should you even bother?

The answer, of course, is yes. You should bother. In fact, you need to bother. It’s so easy to shoot off a resume to every single possible job being advertised, and employers know that. By taking the time to craft an excellent cover letter, you prove to employers that you truly care .

Think of your cover letter as your first impression to a potential employer. It is the first chance you have to separate yourself from the crowd and make a positive impression on your future boss. It’s a way of showing yourself to be a well-rounded human, more than a list of work experience and skills (that’s what your resume is for).

Employers are also crazy busy. By having a beautiful, well-written cover letter, you’ll catch their eye. You want to make sure your cover letter is really standout.

[Algonquin co-op students: Module Three in your Co-op 1000 Blackboard course has all this information and more! Be sure to read your modules before applying to co-op jobs.]

Set Up Your Letter

The first thing you always need to do is carefully read the entire job description. Employers sometimes have very specific expectations for your cover letter, resume, and overall application. They may require you to include certain information in your cover letter. If you don’t follow those instructions, your application is going in the trash.

It is tempting to get fancy with cover letters, but remember that you want to make it as easy as possible for employers to read. Date the letter, address it to the hiring manager by name, use a clear 12-point font, and keep your whole letter to four short paragraphs. Remember: presentation matters. Keep it professional.

Now you know what the employer expects from you. It’s time to start writing your cover letter.

Paragraph 1: Introduce Yourself

Your first paragraph should be a quick introduction of yourself. You want to answer the employer’s immediate questions: who you are, where you come from, and how you found their job posting.

It can be as simple as, “My name is __ and I’m in the __ program at Algonquin College. I’m interested in the position of __ that you are currently advertising at __.

[Important note for Algonquin co-op students: do not say that you found the job on HireAC. Employers don’t know what that is. Instead, tell them that you found the position through the Algonquin College Cooperative Education Department.]

Paragraph 2: Sell Yourself

The best way to look at your cover letter is as a marketing tool for yourself. It’s how you show the employer that you are the best person for the job.

How do you do this?

The first step is to read the job description very carefully and make a list of all the skills and requirements the posting indicates. Then, take a look at your work/school/volunteer history. You want to draw a correlation between the work that you’ve already done, and the work that you’re applying to.

This is more than just listing jobs you’ve done. Draw out the specific skills and experiences you’ve had that make you capable of doing the work the potential employer is advertising. For example, don’t just say that you worked retail; instead, explain how you increased sales, how you learned leadership skills, how your time management improved, or how your communication skills developed.

This is why it’s so important to individually tailor each cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Each job is going to list particular skills, and you need to make sure that your cover letter matches up.

Paragraph 3: Flattery

Google the company you’re applying to and find their ‘about’ page. Head over to news.google.com and search the company name to see what the press is saying. Research, research, research, and find some strong, viable reasons why the prospect of working for that company excites you.

Including a section about the company shows the employer that you really care about this position and that you took the time to do your research. Companies want employees that are enthusiastic about their work, so take a couple of sentences to explain what excites you about the organization.

Paragraph 4: Reiterate

Your final ‘paragraph’ should really just be a sentence. Think of it as a thesis statement. Repeat once again why you, and only you, are perfectly suited for the position. Thank the employer for their time. Sign off with ‘sincerely’ and your name. Easy, right?

Proofread to Infinity and Beyond

Guys, we talk about this a lot, but it’s very important: employers will throw out your application if they find typos or errors .

Do not reply on spellcheck, either. Have someone you trust review your cover letter. Even try reading it aloud: this will help you understand if your sentences are flowing well together. Proofread, and then proofread again.

Follow these steps, and you’ll be well on your way to having a fantastic cover letter.

Algonquin co-op students: want some extra help writing your cover letter? Contact the co-op office today to set up an appointment with your consultant. Visit our website at https://www.algonquincollege.com/coop/ , connect with us at [email protected] or call us at 613-727-4723 Ext.7623.

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Cover Letters and Resumes

Capture the attention of employers through highlighting your experience in cover letters and resumes.

Cover Letters

The cover letter bridges the gap between your skills and experiences with the position you’re applying for. Capture the reader’s attention with your interest in the company, a voice that fits your personality, and steps on how to contact you.

A cover letter usually includes three to four paragraphs and answers the following questions:

First paragraph: Introduction

Who you are and why did this position pique your interest? What is the position and how did you hear about it? Are you looking for full-time or a co-op position? What in your background fits the position you’re pursuing? Did someone with connections to the company refer you to apply?

Second paragraph: Sell

What experiences, skills, and abilities are the most relevant to this employer? How can you prove your skills rather than state them? How can you state your strengths from academic experiences, jobs, and campus activities? Why are you the person for the job? What job post requirements connect to your experiences?

Third paragraph: Closing

How can you summarize your experience to focus on their needs? Are there attachments you need to refer them to? What is the best contact information to provide employers? How interested are you in meeting in person to talk more about the possibility of working with them? Will you be the one to reach out if no one responds by a certain date?

Cover Letter Checklist

The letter is addressed to the proper reader. If unknown, addressed to “Hiring Manager”

The letter is formatted with a business appropriate font, size, and layout

The cover letter is personalized to the specific position

Your writing is professional with hints of personality

You did not overuse the word “I” throughout the cover letter

The letter was read aloud and is grammatically correct and free of typos

Cover Letter Examples

• Applied Statistics and Actuarial Science BS
• Biomedical Sciences BS
• Business MBA
• Civil Engineering Technology BS
• Computer Engineering MS
• Graphic Design MS
• Human-Computer Interaction MS
• Industrial Engineering BS
• Journalism BS
• Public Policy MS
• Telecommunications Engineering Technology MS
• Web and Mobile Computing BS

Hiring managers have numerous resumes and cover letters to sift through. They will spend less than 30 seconds looking at each resume. To stand out from the competition, your resume must be the best possible representation of who you are and what you have to offer an employer.

In order to write a persuasive resume, you need to answer the following questions:

• What is the employer looking for in a potential candidate?
• What skills/qualities can you offer an employer?
• What resume format will best highlight your skills and accomplishments?

Build a Resume

Identifying Information

Your name, phone number, and email address should be at the top of the resume. You can add your home address if it’s to your advantage (i.e. local to an employer you’re applying to). Consider including your personal website if it’s professional (e.g. LinkedIn, digital portfolio).

Objective Statement

A brief statement indicating the type of opportunity by title and/or function you are interested in. If you’re applying for co-op jobs, add when you’re available to work (months, semesters, seasons, etc.).

List of colleges and universities attended with dates, degrees, diplomas, and certificates achieved. Provide your major(s) and any concentration(s). You may include your GPA and/or academic honors received at each school. You do not have to include high school information.

List of specific skills and abilities most useful in your career field. Examples include computer, technical, laboratory, design, and foreign language skills.

Projects/Labs

Elaborate on several team or individual class projects/labs that demonstrate how you have used your classroom knowledge and skills. Emphasize team leader roles. Include what software, tools, and skills were utilized.

Experience/Work History

Indicate the name of employer, dates of employment, location (city and state), and title of each position. Describe your major responsibilities, achievements, and/or skills developed. Use action words to attract attention to your skills and accomplishments.

Extracurricular activities, professional memberships and affiliations, community activities, or hobbies. Be sure to mention any offices held.

Where you see fit, you can include military record, licenses/certifications, publications, major projects (e.g. research), and other experiences (e.g. volunteer, travel).

Resume Format

The two most frequently used resume formats are reverse chronological or functional. Choose the resume format that most effectively markets your skills and experiences.

Reverse Chronological Format

This is the most popular format. It is most appropriate for the typical student, new graduate, or someone with a very logical career path. This format emphasizes education and job history with the most recent events listed first.

Functional Format

This format emphasizes transferable skills rather than experience. It is appropriate for a more seasoned individual or career changer. Depending on the job objective, group your history into broad functional skill categories. This format distracts the employer from dismissing your resume based on a past career path.

Resume Checklist

The resume is formatted with a business appropriate font, size, and layout

Your name is emphasized at the top of the page followed by your contact information

The resume design can be read and printed easily

You saved the resume in multiple formats (PDF, Word)

Your resume file is small to prevent email issues to employers (around 500kb is a good size to aim for)

You used keywords that will stand out to employer applicant tracking systems

Your resume was read aloud, grammatically correct, typo-free, and reviewed by a Career Services coordinator

Resume Examples

• Applied Computational Mathematics MS
• Biochemistry BS
• Biomedical Science and Biotechnology BS
• Communication and Media Technologies MS
• Computational Mathematical BS MS
• Computer Science BS
• Computer Science MS
• Dietetics and Nutrition BS
• Electrical Engineering MS
• Healthcare Systems Administration MS
• Industrial Design BFA
• Interior Design BFA
• Manufacturing and Mechanical Systems Integration MS
• Marketing BS
• Mechanical Engineering BS
• New Media Interactive Development BS
• Packaging Science BS
• Visual Communication Design MFA

Resume Review

After you have written a draft of your resume, have someone give you feedback on it. Your Career Services coordinator is available to look over your resume with you. Make an appointment with your  Career Services coordinator in Career Connect or stop by during drop-in advising .

Employers who list positions are busy with a significant number of students applying. It is recommended you follow up with each employer who receives your resume.

As a rule, if you have not received a response to your application within 10 business days, post-deadline date, you should follow-up with an email or call. Most managers appreciate a follow-up call as it shows a sincere and continued interest in their company. If you really want the job and you think you have a chance, call up to two or three times total. If the manager doesn't seem interested, it is best to move on.

Co-op Cover Letter

Check out these co-op cover letter templates and examples previously used by job seekers to land on job interviews at co-op. use our ai cover letter generator to create a personalized cover letter for co-op..

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Intro to Resumes & Cover Letters

Your resume represents your accomplishments and abilities at a glance. Your cover letter complements the resume by demonstrating your business communication skills and highlighting how your experiences are relevant to the position for which you are applying.

• Cover Letter Guide Your cover letter is an opportunity for you to express why you are the right candidate for the co-op or job. Use this Co-ops & Careers handout for guidance on writing and submitting a Cover Letter.
• Cover Letters: Why and How? A cover letter can help you get an interview. Check out this blog for tips on how to write a compelling one.
• Resume Guide A resume is a targeted summation of your education, skills, and experience.Use this handout as a guide for recommended sections of a resume. The resume you use for your co-op search will be different than the one you use for a job search, and formatting can vary by major so connect with your Co-ops & Career Advisor for major specific resume samples and before applying to co-op.
• Resume Grammar Guide Resume writing requires special consideration of both grammar and spelling. Use this handout to help keep your writing concise and specific with a professional tone.
• How to Keep Your Resume to One Page Sometimes keeping a resume to one page seems like an impossible task, but there are ways to do it. These tips and tricks will help you maximize the space on your resume while making sure it’s easy to quickly skim.

Library Recommendations

Website Recommendations

• OWL @ Purdue Resume Workshop These OWL resources will help you compose effective résumés and curricula vitae (or CVs) for your job search.
• Resume Builder ResumeBuilder.com is a resource for job seekers that provides you with the information, machine learning tools, and guides you need to build the best resume possible.
• Resume Examples & Sample Resumes for All Jobs Free resume samples by job from ResumeBuilder.com
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Sample Cover Letter 1: Application Letter

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PDF: Sample cover letter for an online job, internship, or co-op application.

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Cover Letter Tips

Why write a cover letter.

The cover letter is the normal practice in business and is a basic courtesy.  Do not underestimate the importance of writing an effective cover letter.  This is your chance to personalize the application package and showcase your writing skills, attention to detail, enthusiasm about the firm and the position and your ability to perform in the job.

What should a Cover Letter Look Like?

Keep the letter brief. It should not exceed one page in length. Three to four paragraphs are standard. A lengthy letter is only frustrating to the employer and will likely not be read, whereas a concise and interesting letter will be read and appreciated by an employer who has several hundred applications to review. Your letter should contain three basic elements:

Paragraph One: Opening This is an introductory paragraph in which you - identify yourself (e.g., "I am a fourth year engineering student at Western University") and state the specific position for which you are applying (e.g., "I am applying for the position of Manufacturing Engineer in your Sarnia location"). If applicable explain how you learned of the position (e.g., through Engineering Career Services).

Paragraph Two/Three: Body This section usually contains two types of information. The first and most common is a description of the attributes and experience of the applicant that would be of interest to the employer. Begin by addressing your academic experience followed by any relevant employment experience. Avoid simply repeating the information in your résumé. Choose a few specific skills and demonstrate them using examples from your background. As much as possible focus your application on the requirements of the company. If you have no engineering experience, state how the skills you have acquired are transferable to the position for which you are applying. It is important to be specific yet modest in your description. Generally, this is the most important section of your cover letter and the longest. Therefore, take the time to research each employer. You may also want to explain gaps in your résumé or poor grades (optional).

Paragraph Three: Closing In this paragraph, the applicant usually confirms the items that are included in the application package (generally, this should be your résumé, copies of official transcripts if required, and optionally letter of reference or a list of references).  It will also include an invitation for the company to contact the applicant and sincere thanks for the employer taking the time to consider the application. Use a professional ending such as "Sincerely".

Other Helpful Hints:

• Tell them what you can offer the company, promote your skills.
• Maintain a business tone, avoid slang, short forms or jokes.
• Use the same type of heading, paper, font, and print quality as on your résumé.
• Type your full name under your closing salutation.
• If you are submitting this in person or by fax,  include your signature above your typed name.
• Have someone proof read your cover letter - double check your spelling, grammar, addresses and contact name. (Engineering Career Services is available for this).
• Ensure the correct date is on the cover letter.
• Include the company address between the date and the greeting.
• If you wish you can include a "Re:" line after the greeting (RE: Position Title, Posting Number).

Cover Letter Handout

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Cover Letter Worksheet

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Use this worksheet to set up the structure of your cover letter and begin brainstorming content.

WaterlooWorks help: Apply for jobs

Please refer to this page if you are applying to Full-Cycle Service jobs on WaterlooWorks.

How to: Upload application documents

To apply to jobs on WaterlooWorks, you must upload and submit application documents to be included in your application package. Some documents like your Co-op Student Record and Unofficial Grade Report will be automatically generated within the “Documents” tab of WaterlooWorks, and others you’ll have to create, upload and submit manually.

Employers will request specific documents within each job description (under “Application information”) and you can only apply by submitting all required documents. You will not be able to apply if you don’t include all required documents.

Note : The University of Waterloo and Co-operative Education have strict regulations and policies regarding the falsification of documents and credentials. For more information around our policies around documents, review our co-op roles and responsibilities .

Document types (submitted in this order)

To upload a document, follow these steps.

From your WaterlooWorks dashboard, click “Upload a Document”

• Select the kind of job you’ll be applying to based on job board  (e .g., Co-op Documents, Graduate Documents, Alumni and Other Documents)
• Name your document – be sure to differentiate titles between similar documents! ( E.g., “Last Name, First Name – Document Type”)
• Select the type of document you are uploading
• Choose a file to upload onto a system – must be in PDF format (under 5MB).
• Click “Upload Document”

Setting a default document or application package

• Complete the steps above
• Click “Upload a default” or “Set a default” under “Your Default Documents” 
• Manage your default documents by clicking “Click to Change” or by going to the document and selecting “Remove Default”

Note : We sometimes require you specify a default application package in case an employer requests that your application be added to a specific job. In this case, it’s beneficial to include the following documents in your default application package:

• Co-op work history
• Generic résumé
• Updated grade report

Archiving documents

• You can archive grade reports, co-op work history and application packages that you no longer require for job applications.
• By doing so, you remove these documents from any document lists you will see when applying to job postings. This does not impact any previous applications sent using these documents.
• To use archived documents again for applying to jobs, you will need to remove them from your archives.

How to: Submit/edit/cancel applications on WaterlooWorks

Submit an application for a job on waterlooworks.

• If the job requires you to answer pre-screening question(s) please select the correct answer(s) for you, and then click the “Proceed ” button.
• To submit your default package: click “Apply with default application package”
• To submit a pre-existing application package: click “Apply with an existing application package”
• To create a customized application package: click “Create a customized application package," s elect the documents you wish to include from the drop-down lists, and name your new application package so you can differentiate from other packages. (Note: If the job requires you to answer a pre-screening question, “Create a customized application package” will be the only option available to you.)
• Click “Submit application” ( Note : You can only submit when you’ve added all required documents)

Editing application documents

Once you apply to a job, your application is frozen and any updates to your documents - including grades or work history - will not be reflected in the application package.

• If you need to change a detail on one of your application documents or if your grades were recently updated, you can cancel and resubmit your application as long as the application window is still open .

Cancelling applications

• You'll be able to cancel your application until the application deadline closes. After this time, you must attend any interviews and honour any matches resulting from that application. For more information, review our co-op roles and responsibilities .
• If you cancel an application before the application deadline closes, this won’t be counted toward your overall application count.

How to: Keep track of your application count

When applying for co-op jobs on the Full-Cycle Service job board, we impose application limits for each posting phase to encourage co-op students to prioritize their applications accordingly. For a detailed look at the timelines and application limits associated with each employment cycle, visit the important dates page.

To keep track of your application count:

• Click the “Postings/Applications” tab from your dashboard
• Select the application type (e.g., Co-op Applications, Other Applications, Full-time Applications, etc.)
• Select the appropriate time-frame from the “Applications submitted in” dropdown menu
• You’ll be able to see the total applications submitted within this period, as well as a breakdown of the status of your applications. 

Note : A student’s personal app count includes all submitted applications. If a student cancels an application before the application period for that job ends, they will get this count back. However, if a job is filled or part-filled, and the student has not been selected for an interview, they will not receive this count back.

How to: View and manage your applications

You can view your submitted applications at any point, and can cancel your applications before the posting deadline. 

To view/manage your applications:

• Click the “Postings/Applications” tab on your WaterlooWorks dashboard
• Select the appropriate time-frame from the “Applications submitted in” drop-down menu
• You’ll be able to see the total applications submitted within this period, as well as a breakdown of the status of your applications
• Click the blue “View” buttons next to each category to view applications
• You can view specific application packages by clicking “Quick Preview” under “Application package”
• You can view the status of your application under “App Status” (this might change as the employer makes their selections)
• You can cancel an application if the posting deadline has not yet closed using the “Cancel Application” button

How to: Understand your job status and application status

As employers move through the motions of hiring through WaterlooWorks, you may see the status of a job posting or application change. To understand where a job and your application is in the cycle, you can visit the “Postings/Applications” page on your dashboard and look for the following indicators:

If you have questions about a job or application status on your “Postings/Applications” page, reach out to your co-op advisor.

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Find Your Next Place

10 steps to creating a stellar co-op or condo board application

• Preempt any questions about your finances by providing necessary details
• Provide talking points or samples of great letters to your reference letter writers

The board’s scrutiny is intended to make sure candidates will be able to contribute to the building’s financial wellbeing.

If you’re considering buying an apartment in New York City, you'll need to clear other hurdles beyond coughing up the down payment and securing a mortgage. Welcome to the labyrinthine board approval process that's an essential step when purchasing in a co-op or condo building. 

And that process begins with the board package, which is designed to show the board you are a qualified buyer—and notoriously described as invasive. The scrutiny of your tax returns and financial statements, as well as the need to provide personal and professional recommendations, can feel downright excessive. 

However, if you consider it from a different angle, all that scrutiny is ultimately for your own benefit. The ownership structure of a co-op means you are becoming a tenant shareholder of a corporation and the due diligence is all part of screening for candidates who will contribute to the building’s financial wellbeing.  Increasingly, the application package for the purchase of a condo require similar amounts of documentation and in some cases, even an interview. 

[Editor's note: An earlier version of this post was published in February 2023. We are presenting it again in case you missed it.]

That said, co-ops have a lot more discretion and are able to reject board packages for pretty much any reason they choose. Condos, on the other hand, have to exercise their right of first refusal when they receive an application—meaning if they reject a potential buyer they have to purchase the unit at the contract price. 

"Fundamentally, you are checking off the boxes," says Kirsten Jordan, a broker at Douglas Elliman. So unlike a co-op, a condo is not likely to turn you down because they don't like your cover letter. "I've sent letters back to co-op buyers and asked them to fix them. That's never happened in a condo package."

For tips on how to assemble your application package most efficiently, and to put your best foot forward to seal the deal,  read on.

1. Start prepping early 

It’s your job to get all the documentation together but a broker will help you with the filing and make sure there are no omissions. 

Usually, there are one or two rounds of back-and-forths between the broker and the buyer, says Ari Harkov, an agent at Brown Harris Stevens. You can cut down on time between offer and closing if you are well organized. 

“Most contracts require packages to be submitted within a certain time frame. Be sure to check your contract and consult with your attorney so you know what dates and deadlines you need to meet,” Harkov says.

Now that applications are largely being prepared online, Harkov says the process of compiling and submitting board packages has become both simpler and more complicated. “Digital packages help streamline the process and save paper, but they are also fraught with pitfalls and challenges,” he says. 

A comprehensive review of a package is more difficult when it’s online and Harkov says software glitches or unfamiliarity with the system have resulted in incomplete packages being accidentally submitted. 

2. Follow the checklist and don’t leave gaps

Know what to include—and what not to include. A management company or brokerage will send you a guide explaining exactly what you need to have in your package. 

Your broker can provide samples of application documents and starting early gives you time to request any necessary statements. 

You should also have your broker reach out to the seller’s agent to find out exactly how the board wants the package delivered, what software is being used and who it will be sent to. You can get organized by scanning documents and having them ready to upload.

The bottom line: Include everything asked for and don't put in more than you need. A big no-no: pictures. "We don't care about what your house in the Hamptons looks like and we don't really care what you look like," says one Upper East Side co-op board treasurer.

3. If you're financing, you'll need a commitment letter

Co-op board requirements vary from building to building but there are some nuts-and-bolts requirements: Financial statements that show assets and income, specifically tax returns and bank statements. "Those are the heart and soul of the package in broad strokes," Harkov says. 

“In today’s lending environment, many banks are taking at least 45 days to issue commitment letters,” he points out. And remember to stay on top of the letter’s expiry date—this kind of oversight could become a sticking point for a seller. 

Usually, the board will want two years of tax returns and your most recent bank statement. When it comes to stocks and retirement account reports, the most recent paperwork is usually fine.

4. Include a cover letter and table of contents

A cover letter and table of contents let board members easily find what they need. 

Harkov makes a point of supplying two cover letters: “One is the table of contents and the other explains who you are, where you put your income, your assets post-closing, and your debt-to-income ratio. So if a board member doesn't want to read the whole package, they can get everything they need from these two parts," he says.

For more granular advice, Jordan talks about the "dos" and "don'ts" of cover letters. Do present your narrative in a well-written, digestible format, introducing yourself or your family: This is who we are, how long we've been looking, why we love this building and the neighborhood, how excited we are to be part of the community, and anything else that parlays into being a neighbor—like being president of the board of your previous co-op. Start with a nice little salutation and then they can start reading all about you. 

As for the don'ts, as in most aspects of life, you are wise to steer clear of politics and religion. Clearly, you have to pick what's appropriate for that particular building. Stick to your professional and charitable impacts. 

5. Don't leave any blanks

Co-op board members are volunteers (with jobs and families in many cases) and they don't want to spend a lot of time going back and forth asking for more information—plus the longer it takes for them to approve you, the longer it'll take to close on your apartment. 

One mistake for buyers paying cash is not showing that amount of cash on the financial statement, leaving the board to wonder where you’re getting the money from. 

The idea is to preempt any questions. For example, if you're recently divorced, be prepared to give detailed information about alimony payments, whether you give or receive. 

In a similar vein, Jordan says sometimes it pays to go beyond merely providing bank statements in the interest of full transparency. 

"The revenue/financial statement is a great place to start, but if your situation is more complicated because of carried interest or debt, there's nothing wrong with making a schedule that breaks things down further and even going into detail about why you've made certain financial decisions—like not paying down educational loans because the interest rate is so low and you view it as smart debt, or you have assets with valuations that you'd like to include," she says.

6. Choose references wisely

According to Jordan, common knowledge is that a board member will open the package and go straight to the finances and then the reference letters. "They want to know you can afford it and who you are," she says, adding they typically skip looking at the credit check form and all the rest that the managing agent would have vetted already. 

Harkov explains these letters fall into several categories: An employee letter, which comes on company letterhead and verifies your compensation; a business reference letter from a superior or colleague, which offers substantive feedback about you in a work environment, including details on how responsible you are; a personal reference letter; and a letter from your current management company confirming that you pay rent or monthlies on time.

Of those, the personal reference letter can seal—or break—the deal. One Yorkville co-op board member puts it this way: "What separates one applicant from the next is the personal aspect—specifically, the recommendation letters. Because when it comes down to it, once we are all in agreement that the applicants have the financial capacity to purchase, we really just want to see if they will make nice neighbors. Who are they asking to recommend them? Do they read like boilerplate or do they really tell me that these are good, nice people?"

So who should write those all-important personal reference letters? 

References should be from colleagues or friends who can speak honestly about you. If they are NYC co-op owners themselves, so much the better. “The idea is to use someone who gets how important it is to have good neighbors and can vouch for the fact that you would make one," Harkov says. If you know someone who’s a board member in a NYC co-op or already lives in the building—even better.  

Indeed, Jordan says that if you are trying to get into a Park Avenue co-op, ideally your friend will be in another Park Avenue co-op; the same if you are applying to a storied co-op on the UWS. "If you are looking at more simple buildings, you still need to know your audience. Take guidance from your broker or the seller's agent on what kind of vibe you should be aiming for."  

8. Aim for sincerity and specificity in personal references

Now that you've chosen who will write your recommendations, you'll want to ensure those letters are all they should be.

Jordan advises her clients to be prepared to get creative. 

"The best letters are the ones that are genuine and actually written by someone else, but sometimes people need inspiration," she says. 

That can include giving them a sample stellar reference letter with the names blackened out, or reminding them of things like the time you planned that charity event together or took a weekend trip with the families in tow. "Not a lot of people think about doing this to help their references get started," she adds.

Harkov agrees that specificity is key. "You want your recommendations to include details like, 'she helped me when my kids were sick,’"  he explains. 

Two high school teachers who bought a co-op in Forest Hills, Queens, told us they were certain their “Disney-style” letters of recommendation were what clinched the deal for them.  

For more tips, we have samples of reference letters addressed to co-op boards.

9. Double and triple-check the package

"Multiple qualified eyeballs are always a good thing," Harkov says. The buyer's broker pulls the package together, but the seller's broker, the managing agent, and even the lawyer should review it.  Check for typos and see if anything stands out that needs a correction.

10. Bring your A-game to the interview

Dress appropriately, be respectful, and keep it friendly. If you’ve spent the time preparing the application you should know your package inside out so you won’t get tripped up by any questions about it during the interview. 

Jordan emphasizes that this is the opportunity for them to ask you questions, not for you to ask them a bunch of questions about the building, which you should know from doing your due diligence.

"This is also not a good time to go into any elaborate details about the massive amount of work you plan to do in the apartment," she says. You shouldn't lie if asked outright but there's no need to freely offer statements that convey you're eager to embark on a two-year construction project.

Earlier versions of this article contained reporting and writing by Lucy Cohen Blatter.

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Emily Myers

Emily Myers is a senior writer, podcast host, and producer at Brick Underground. She writes about issues ranging from market analysis and tenants' rights to the intricacies of buying and selling condos and co-ops. As host of the Brick Underground podcast,  she has earned four silver awards from the National Association of Real Estate Editors.

Cover letters

What to include.

You can include information like:

• competencies
• credentials
• types of experiences 
• demonstrated accomplishments

If you're responding to a job posting:

• identify the organization
• refer to the position you’re applying for
• address an individual who is hiring (if possible)
• describe how your experiences and skills match the requirements of the position and how this will be benefit the employer
• avoid just repeating information from your resume – this is your chance to provide some context

If you're sending a letter to an employer who isn't currently hiring:

• identify the type of position you’re interested in
• explain why you're contacting the organization or person
• outline how your experience and competencies will bring value
• indicate when and how you’re going to follow up

How to structure it

Every cover letter is different, so this is just a suggestion of what you may want to include.

Introductory paragraph

• state your purpose and why you are applying
• list the job title and organization name
• show that you’ve researched the organization, such as referencing its mission or vision statement
• indicate your enthusiasm and state what you’ll bring to the organization

Middle paragraph or paragraphs

• use an active voice
• group information around the job requirements (e.g., your organizational skills)
• avoid starting every sentence with “I”
• use transition phrases (e.g., additionally, also)
• give solid examples of your past experience and the skills you bring as a result

Closing paragraph

• thank the organization
• criminal record check, age limit, citizenship/residency, driver’s license
• provide your contact information, if applicable
• restate your interest in the position and express interest in an interview

Keep your cover letter to 1 page unless otherwise specified. Match the font and style of your résumé.

Here are a few examples of cover letters:

Standard cover letter

Student name 250-555-5555   [email protected]

November 1, 20XX

Employer name Employer job title Employer organization

Re: Position and competition number (if provided on the job posting)

Dear employer,

I am writing to apply for the Recreation Assistant Position with School Name as posted on the UVic job site. Throughout high school and university I have been involved in peer support and special needs assistance. I have a strong belief that recreation should be available to all members of our society.

While working as a counsellor at Camp Thunderbird, I gained experience leading groups of teenagers in outdoor activities. This experience also allowed me to work with teens with special needs, helping to accommodate them so that they could get the most out of the Camp Thunderbird environment. Additionally, I have been volunteering as a peer helper at UVic, where I counsel students who are having a difficult time. These experiences have opened my eyes to how important it is to be inclusive and supportive in all environments.

My volunteer background also includes coaching athletics at the high school level, where I worked mainly with girls’ basketball and volleyball teams. During my coaching experience, I developed the interpersonal communication and leadership skills that will help me excel as a recreation assistant. My enthusiasm and dedication are key attributes that I bring to everything I do. I also have a Class 4 driver’s license.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to meeting with you to discuss this position in greater detail.

Sincerely, UVic Student

• your contact information should match the information on your résumé
• include the address of the organization that is hiring
• address the cover letter to a person if possible
• use real and detailed examples to highlight your qualifications
• focus on why you’ll be an asset to the employer, not how you’ll benefit from the job
• tell the employer what other competencies you have to offer
• thank the employer for considering your application and request an interview

Job posting

This standard cover letter refers to the following job posting:

Job title: Recreation Assistant Job location: Victoria Region: Victoria (Capital Region) Salary/wage: 18.50 Hours per week: 37.5 Number of positions: 2

Job description:

The person in this position will facilitate the recreation inclusion of people with disabilities into community-based leisure and recreation opportunities. This occurs under the overall supervision of the employer name. Evaluates leisure and recreation needs of clients and the assistance they require in order to participate in community leisure and recreation opportunities. Provides assistance to individuals with disabilities while they pursue their leisure and recreation interests. Encourages relationship building by facilitating the inclusion of clients with their non-disabled peers.

Other related duties as assigned.

Skills required:

• commitment to the recreation inclusion process
• ability to work independently
• knowledge and/or experience working with people with disabilities
• good communication skills
• good organizational skills
• valid standard first aid and CPR certification
• no transcript required with your application

Special job requirements:

• Class 4 Driver’s license

Bulleted cover letter

Student name Phone: 250-555-5555    Email: [email protected]

May 1, 20XX

I recently attended a Co-op and Career Fair open to students in the Bachelor of Commerce program, and was impressed by the breadth of public services offered by your company name

After reviewing the key objectives of the bureau and learning of the GoProject initiative, I understand the need for innovation in marketing this project. I am excited to be considered for the marketing analyst position. I am a strong academic performer with comprehensive training in research and marketing and the high degree of professionalism and technical skills required to support your team in its goals.

As a student leader with more than three years’ experience in marketing, I can offer:

• familiarity with marketing principles and personal management, demonstrated by my success in several university-level marketing courses while working part-time
• ability to produce marketing materials, both online and in print
• creative and innovative thinking with experience running a small community-based arts collective
• strong research and analytical skills, developed through case competitions and volunteer experience with Researchers Ltd.
• significant experience with standard marketing tools (Adobe Creative Suite, HubSpot, Hootsuite) and statistical/database software (SPSS, Excel, Access)

As a self-motivated business student with a genuine interest in the GoProject, I look forward to sharing my strengths in an organization devoted to providing quality services to all the constituents in BC. I meet all of the funding criteria outlined in the position description and am available to begin immediately.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you.

Kind regards, Student name

• state why the company interests you and how your skills and experience would be an asset

The bulleted cover letter refers to the following job posting:

Position: Marketing Analyst Employer: Employer name Address applications to: Employer name

This position reports to the senior marketing analyst with the employer name responsible for the GoProject Initiative and will provide general support to that role including such activities as:

• working with the team to develop a comprehensive marketing plan for the GoProject Initiative
• researching past marketing practices and best practices in other jurisdictions
• analysis of survey and test marketing results using database software (Excel/Access)
• development of marketing materials using a variety of media

Candidate qualifications:

• demonstrated interest in marketing field
• basic research skills
• strong Excel skills, familiarity with other statistical/database management software an asset
• familiarity with any marketing software would be an asset

Prospecting letter

A prospecting letter is also known as a letter of interest. It is sent to potential employers who may be hiring but who haven’t listed a specific job opening.

Employer name Employer title Employer organization

Dear Mr. Scott,

I could not pass up the opportunity to inquire about a potential employment opportunity at the National Judicial Institute. I am presently enrolled in the Master of Arts in Public Administration program at the University of Victoria. In my attached résumé, you will see I have a proven ability to design, plan and lead high-impact programs. I possess the organizational and administrative acumen needed to translate a strategic vision into a results-producing action plan. In addition, I am motivated and enthusiastic and would appreciate the opportunity to contribute to your organization’s success.

With strong communication skills and a dynamic presentation and public speaking style, let me note that one of my greatest strengths is my ability to build relationships within and outside an organization. My experience working with community groups is as extensive as it is diverse. As a consultant and program manager, I was often tasked with the administration, development and implementation of strategies to assist or improve various programs, using my natural ability to establish consensus among cross-functional lines.

Key competencies:

• proven ability to design, plan and lead high-impact training programs and curriculum and possess the necessary organizational and administrative acumen to translate a strategic vision into a results-producing action plan
• strong interpersonal skills including listening, communication and mediation skills
• manage the creation and development of training programs and materials and evaluation systems to meet the needs of internal and external stakeholders
• continuously capitalize on best practices and lessons learned in order to optimize use of available resources and ensure the key program objectives are met
• demonstrated ability to communicate at all levels of an organization
• advanced ability to think conceptually and strategically, through understanding and analyzing complex situations or problems, identifying patterns or connections and developing innovative solutions in an environment of change

I am goal oriented, driven and not afraid of hard work. I will follow up to see if we can arrange a meeting in the future.

Writing your cover letter

A general cover letter that doesn’t address the particular job posting won’t cut it. You need a cover letter that addresses the employer’s needs.

Steps to writing a cover letter

• Assess the needs of the organization and how you can bring value. For help with this, see how to deconstruct a job posting .
• Choose your format and write your first draft.
• Get feedback and make revisions.
• Proofread and submit your cover letter.

Cover letter tips

• Gather background research on the organization and address your letter to a specific person if possible (or use “Dear Hiring Committee” if you don’t have a contact name). You can do a web search for the employer to see if they've been in the news recently.
• Explain why you’re writing by mentioning the job and organization by name.
• Identify what interests you about the job and describe how you can add value.
• Use detailed examples to describe your accomplishments and qualifications. It’s not enough to say that you have the skills; employers want to know how and when you’ve used them.
• Tailor your cover letter to the job posting by addressing the specific responsibilities of the position and the skills you can bring.
• Use fewer words and make each statement count. 
• Use professional language, correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
• Use the action verbs list  to find strong action words.
• Use a writing style that’s clear, straightforward and genuine.
• Thank the organization for considering your application and state that you're interested in learning about next steps.

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Applying for a Co-op in New York City: Guide on How to Get Approved

In New York City, getting any kind of living situation will mean meeting certain standards—many of which may be pretty shocking to people who haven’t lived in the Big Apple for too long.

For example, apartment landlords may require rental insurance or a guarantor in order to get approved.

Buying a house in the city often requires an exorbitant income, as well as great credit.

If you’ve been searching for a new place to live, you already may have heard these things.

These standards are pretty well-known by most, but for many people, there’s still one kind of living situation that can be elusive for many: the co-op.

On the one hand, co-ops remain a popular choice, especially for many first-time buyers, as they often tend to be more affordable in comparison to their condo counterparts.

To learn more about the differences, read What's the Difference Between a NYC Co-op and a Condo?

Co-ops can be viewed as a more exclusive choice of living, and to a point, they are correct.

The standards for getting into a co-op can be very strict, especially if you are looking for a unit in one of the most expensive communities in New York City.

Co-ops can also be surprisingly expensive and luxurious. Read up on New York City's 13 Most Expensive Co-ops .

So, what does it take to get into a co-op? Here’s what every applicant should know…

Financing of a Co-op

Co-ops behave a lot like a mix between a home and an apartment.

Almost like renting an apartment, you’re expected to pay maintenance fees on a monthly basis.

You technically own shares of a corporation and can, therefore, build equity. However, the shares are represented in the form of an apartment on the corporation's property.

When you purchase these shares, you are granted a lease for the apartment you have chosen.

Although co-ops deal in shares, you actually buy and sell a co-op unit, just like you would any other home. You also may get similar tax breaks to home ownership .

However, there are some differences.

You don’t get a full say on who can purchase or rent your apartment. You also have rules you’re required to follow as a shareholder of the co-op.

Even trying to get approval for a co-op can be difficult on a financial level.

Can I take out a mortgage for a New York co-op?

There was a time when buying a co-op meant that you’d have to pay everything in cash, but this is no longer the case. There are ways to finance a co-op today; in many cases, mortgage lenders will help you.

If the co-op you want to buy doesn’t approve outside lenders, ask the board whether they offer financing.

Some cooperatives require all-cash buyers.

However, this may spell bad news for a prospective home buyer as it can mean that the co-op is suffering from poor cash flow, dire financial circumstances, problems with co-op tenants, or all the above.

Because the corporation's finances are bad, no lender is willing to finance a purchase at that particular co-op, and so they are looking for all-cash buyers.

You wouldn't buy stock from a company that is tanking. Nor should you buy into a co-operative that is essentially a bad investment.

It's best to ask the co-op management company or listing broker for a list of lenders that they know are working with the building.

Co-ops put out financial statements every year, which lenders who are considering approving funds for a client must review in order to determine the financial soundness of that co-op.

How much do you need to put down in order to buy your co-op?

The financial requirements for a co-op vary from place to place.

Down payments can range from anywhere between 10% to 50% of the overall co-op’s price.

Most down payments will be between 20% to 40% of the price in New York, which is on the higher end.

While 20% is an industry standard, nowadays it's not unusual to encounter buyers who are putting down less and sometimes next to nothing.

This almost never the case with buying into a co-op, who usually want to see that new co-op owners have a lot of liquidity and financial stability.

Why is showing liquidity important for buying a co-op?

Liquidity refers to the cash you have on hand, and co-ops typically do have liquidity requirements for people who want to buy a unit.

In most cases, they require one to two years of post-closing money in order to get approved for a unit.

When they refer to post-closing liquidity, co-op boards mean the amount of months’ worth of “rent” you have on hand.

These requirements vary from co-op to co-op, with some being more stringent and others being more lax.

A co-op wanting to attract new buyers may be more flexible.

What about my credit?

Much like any landlord or mortgage lender, the board of a co-op will run your credit before they will approve you for the co-op.

Typically, you will need a score above 650 to qualify. It’s a lot like a mortgage in this respect.

Again, how good your credit score has to be will depend on the individual co-op's requirements.

If you're having trouble your credit score, read up on How to Improve Your Credit Score .

Important Facts to Know About a Co-op's Finances

You would never invest in stock of a corporation you knew was tanking.

Likewise, it's important to get the facts about a co-op's finances to make sure you are making a sound investment.

Just as the co-op is vetting your financial qualifications, you and your attorney should also be looking into the co-op itself to make sure the finances are handled soundly.

Your attorney should be reviewing board meeting minutes, and your lender will most definitely be reviewing the annual financial statement provided by the co-op.

To learn more about how your real estate attorney can help you, read Why You Need an Attorney in NYC to Purchase Real Estate.

How Do I Put Together a Co-op Board Package?

You will need a lot of stuff. At the bare minimum, expect to send out:

• A cover letter
• Reference letters (both professional and personal)
• Tax returns
• The last three pay stubs from your job
• An Employment letter
• Statements on all your assets and liabilities

If you’re financing, you also will need the following:

• Your loan application
• A loan commitment letter
• The sales contract
• Recognition agreements (issued by your lender)

Some co-ops may also have additional requirements. They will go over it with you when you ask about the application process.

Each co-op's application will outline all the required documentation. When in doubt, it's best to arrange your package in the order of requested documents listed on the application.

Your board package should also include all the included forms, disclosures, and signs, completely filled out and signed.

Any incomplete sections, errors/discrepancies, and unremitted fees will delay the process. Multiple requests for corrections and documents can even result in additional fees.

Do I have to organize a board package all by myself?

Though you are going to have to be the one to provide all the documents, you don't have to be the one who has to organize it all.

If you are working with a real estate agent, they should be putting it together for you. That's why it's important if you have an agent experienced with co-op board packages.

It could mean the difference between getting approval or not.

Believe it or not, but the actual board package can get costly. Not only is there a board application fee, but other fees particular to each co-op, most of which are due at the time of submission.

Some co-ops require a copy for each board member. With some co-op boards being large, you might be looking at eight or more binders, hundreds of pages each!

Working with a real estate agent might help you mitigate some of those copying/printing fees.

I don’t have much documentation. Can I still get a co-op?

As mentioned prior, a co-op behaves a lot like a mortgage when it comes to the finance approval process.

It’s not uncommon for co-ops to ask potential buyers to furnish pay stubs, tax returns, and other proof of income as a way to qualify you.

If you don’t have much in terms of income or a way to prove you earn what you claim you do, you won’t be approved for a co-op in most cases.

Can I use a guarantor?

New York City apartment landlords are known for waiving income minimums if the renters in question have a guarantor that will back them up.

It’s understandable why people may believe co-ops would behave the same way. If you assumed that this is true with co-ops, you’re right.

Depending on the community, you might be able to get a co-op mortgage otherwise out of your reach if you work with a guarantor.

That being said, applying with a guarantor doesn’t always guarantee that the board will agree to you using one, even if they are applying as a co-applicant.

In fact, many boards will require that the person who is applying with you reside in the apartment with you the majority of the year as an official resident and the co-op as their permanent address.

The Social Standards

What’s interesting about co-ops is how much scrutiny they can involve during the process.

Unlike other living situations, many (if not most) co-ops also have a certain level of social minimums they require.

Co-ops are known for requiring reference letters as a way to determine who is worthy of making the cut.

The references they ask for are a mix of both personal and professional. If you can’t furnish references, it’s grounds for rejection.

I have a criminal record. Should I even bother applying?

Sadly, criminal records are grounds for rejection in almost every, if not every, co-op in New York City.

Co-ops do extensive background checks, so if you do want to give a co-op a try, make a point of being honest about any criminal history you have.

That way, you might be able to tell your side of the story before they make a decision.

Do I have to also write them a letter?

While some board applications require a cover letter, other do not request one. However, if your application doesn't require one, should you still submit one?

Absolutely.

Along with a letter showing that you’re committed to moving into the co-op, you should include a cover letter as part of your application.

It could only work to your advantage, as this is your opportunity to introduce yourself and state your case as not only a worthy applicant, but a contributing neighbor and community member.

The cover letter itself doesn’t have to be extremely lengthy or quirky; it just needs to give the board a good idea of who you are and why you’d be a good choice for the co-op’s community.

How should I prepare for a co-op board interview?

Part of the application process for co-ops in New York City will include an interview with the co-op’s housing board.

The interview can range from a simple formality to an in-depth procedure that involves a deep look into your lifestyle.

A good rule of thumb is that the interview will be more difficult to ace as the price of the co-op increases.

Can I just wear some casual clothes to the interview?

NO! It’s best to opt for something conservative and classy. Most co-ops can and will judge applicants based on the clothes they wear to an interview, and the overall manner in which they present yourself.

If you work with an agent or broker who has worked on deals in the co-op before, they should be able to give you a pretty good idea of what kinds of questions to expect.

The board will most likely bring up any discrepancies, questions, and red flags that they saw in your board package. So, be prepared to answer any potential financial questions.

In any case, also be prepared to answer personal questions about your life.

Your willingness to be open and honest about such things will affect how the board feels about you, so it's best not to be secretive or offended.

Are they going to accept me right at the interview?

Every board is different, but you will probably get a good sense at the time of the interview. If you bomb the interview, you might be able to tell it from the expressions on their faces.

Vice versa, if you do well, you'll probably already know. They might even tell you that you should be receiving the approval in writing.

It can take weeks, or even months, before you get an answer one way or another.

Why would they ask for all this?

For people who aren’t on a co-op board, it can be very difficult to understand why people get so heavily grilled during a co-op application.

The truth is that it’s a way to cut down on risk.

Co-ops aren’t as temporary as many apartment situations, and boards don’t have an easy time evicting co-op dwellers.

Co-ops aren’t just buildings, per se. They’re communities inside a building.

You will end up sharing space with these people if you end up moving in.

As a result, it’s a matter of making sure the community is one that lifts up others, rather than causing chaos in shared spaces like recreation rooms.

To avoid lengthy legal proceedings, co-ops tend to do whatever they can to avoid picking the wrong client.

Moreover, some co-ops actually use their stringent standards as a way to market themselves as exclusive communities in New York City.

Overcoming Rejection

Did you apply for a co-op, only to be turned away? Don’t worry, it happens to the best of people.

Even celebrities have struggled with getting into some of the more elite communities in New York City!

Thankfully, there are pointers that can still help you get a good place nearby.

I don’t know why I was rejected. What happened?

Believe it or not, co-ops have a right to reject you for almost any or no reason, except in cases of discrimination.

They don’t have to tell you why, and at times, it’s best not to know. It hurts, but at this point, you can’t change their minds.

There are many common reasons why people get rejected for co-ops, including their fame, working from home, perceived untruths about finances, or a really bad interview.

The best you can do is brush yourself off and look for a new opportunity,

I really think that I was discriminated against. Can I sue?

Potentially, yes.

Though co-ops are more discerning than most other living situation, they still cannot discriminate against applicants based on race, age, religion, creed, citizenship, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, sex, children, or occupation.

They are still bound by the Human Rights Law.

It may be difficult to prove that you were discriminated against on these grounds, but not impossible.

But I really want a co-op! Are there any loopholes?

There is one very easy way to get in and bypass the entire process and that is through a sponsor unit.

When a landlord or building owner decides to convert their building into a co-op and basically sell of most or all of their units, these originating apartments are considered sponsor units.

The building owner is the sponsor.

As such, it isn’t bound by typical co-op restrictions. You wouldn’t have to gain approval from a board to buy it!

More often than not the sponsor will give their tenants the right of first refusal in purchasing a unit.

Oftentimes, the sponsor will sell of most of the units, and might keep a few for continual rental income.

They will also not be allowed to sell off any rent-controlled or rent-stabilized units until these become deregulated by the tenant moving out.

Sponsor units come up more rarely than resale units, and some co-ops may be completely 100% co-op regulated.

It's much easier to find a sponsor unit in buildings that are struggling to meet a co-op conversion deadline, or from a sponsor who is trying to unload all their units.

Again, working with an agent who has worked much in a particular co-op building can help you locate sponsor units.

Are co-ops always what they’re hyped up to be?

Not always. A well-managed co-op can be an amazing way to experience New York City, save money, and enjoy a community you otherwise would never see.

A poorly-managed one, on the other hand, can be an extremely overpriced nightmare complete with a draconian set of rules you’re expected to follow.

At the end of the day, co-ops are just like any other kind of property you’d buy or rent in terms of what you get.

Some co-ops are worth every penny, and can even help you save money. Others aren’t.

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Ossiana Tepfenhart is a writer for PropertyNest and writes on all things New York City real estate.

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