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Project Management

15 free project management templates for teams in 2024.

Haillie Parker

February 12, 2024

Looking for new project management templates?

Whether you’re tracking multiple projects or need more insight into the project plan ning process, details are essential. That’s why project management templates save managers and teams alike a ton of time when jumpstarting the latest concept or project plan.

Project management templates prevent teams from starting from scratch with every new project, streamline existing processes, and help members think more proactively about how they’re carrying out their daily tasks. 

Plus, they’re loaded with features to manage the heavy lifting for you. Whether it be through workflow automations, pre-built workflows, plug-and-play process documents , or tracking project deliverables, organizing tasks and documents will always create a more manageable system.

There are hundreds of templates out there to complement virtually any project management software —but not every free template will suit every project! In this article, we’ll cover everything project management templates can do for your team, the must-have features, and 15 customizable templates to enhance your project management process in ClickUp!

What is a Project Management Template?

Features to look for in free project management templates, 1. project management template by clickup, 2. high-level project management plan template by clickup, 3. project management timeline template by clickup, 4. project manager template by clickup, 5. project schedule template by clickup, 6. project charter template by clickup, 7. schedule blocking template by clickup, 8. project management status report template by clickup, 9. agile scrum project management template by clickup, 10. project management meeting tracker template by clickup, 11. creative & design template by clickup, 12. budget project management template by clickup, 13. project management playbook template by clickup, 14. construction project management template by clickup, 15. planning a project template by clickup, start project planning with free project management templates.

Project management templates are designed to help teams save time and work more efficiently with pre-built workflows, project views, and tasks to expedite the early stages of your project through to completion. 

Kind of like the most complicated Mad Lib you’ll ever find, project management templates make it easy to plug your information into tailored project management structures so your team can simply start .

The best templates are also customizable, align seamlessly with your current processes and tech stack, and help create a standardized approach to all of your projects going forward. 

These templates are also rather complex with ready-made frameworks for creating tasks, project schedules , and proper documentation. You’ll reap a laundry list of benefits to continue streamlining and scaling your project management best practices including:

• Increased efficiency through better organization
• Effective time management to stay on track
• Consistent documentation to align teams on current projects and make sense of past work
• Improved collaboration between members, managers, and stakeholders

But what does this pre-packaged project plan framework look like?

There may be a plethora of project management templates to choose from, but not all pack the same punch! There are several key features to keep an eye out for to ensure your template will lead your team to success.

These features are critical for creating a proper project plan, project prioritization , tracking, and task management—and they can come in many forms! 

When searching for your next project management template, invest in the template that provides the following features (and more!):

• Project scope and objectives to document the key goals, deliverables, and overall process
• Multiple project views including Gantt charts, Kanban boards, project timelines , interactive checklists , calendars, and more to manage projects from every angle
• Resource management and allocation to stay on top of your project budget and materials
• Task prioritization and management to organize your workflows and keep track of your project progress all the way to completion 
• Clear project controls and reporting to ensure the project team is on track to hit your project management KPIs and that stakeholders stay informed
• Team collaboration tools to help project members stay connected, improve team relationships, and boost the overall quality of work 
• Tons of integrations to bring all of your other work tools into your project template for more informed updates and easy access toward a successful project

These features lay the groundwork for a high-quality project management template, but there may be additional features that suit your team’s unique processes for better planning and project execution . Keep these features in mind as you browse through 15 of the best project management templates for the only productivity tool that can really do it all—ClickUp!

15 Free Project Management Templates for Project Managers

Use the features above to consider your team’s needs and typical project requirements to determine the project management template that serves you best! With the 15 customizable and free project management templates listed below, you’re guaranteed to find the perfect template for any use case. 

Failing to plan equals planning to fail in project management, but the Project Management Template by ClickUp simplifies this hefty challenge with a designated and pre-built Space to manage your work in organized Folders broken up by project phase . If you’re brand new to project management, this template might feel a bit overwhelming, but we’re here to break down this comprehensive resource so you can:

• Visualize and track your project resources
• Assign, manage, and prioritize your tasks with multiple workflow views
• Sync with stakeholders and work with the team without breaking a sweat

And more! This free project management template is your all-in-one solution with a flexible List and Kanban-like Board view to plug in your task information for immediate progress tracking. Plus, there are six custom task statuses to convey whether any action items are in progress, open, or done. 

Productivity really comes into play with this template’s additional ClickApps ! Access seven key functionalities by viewing or opening tasks including:

• Time tracking
• Custom Fields
• Dependency warnings
• Multiple assignees

And more—no matter what pricing plan you use!

The High-Level Project Management Plan Template by ClickUp is designed to define and track your team’s long-term goals, KPIs, and final product from a bird’s-eye view. 

This beginner-friendly project management template keeps things a bit simpler than the first project management template but still packs a major punch with its List view. With three custom statuses and five pre-set Custom Fields for stages, approvals, and progress toward completion, managers can visualize a comprehensive pulse-check on the project status , even from a single glance.

The five flexible views are where this high level project management template really shines—including a ready-to-use Deliverables List view, multiple Kanban board s, a detailed project timeline, and of course, a Getting Started Guide to expedite your set-up process.

And for all of our visual-first project managers, the Project Timeline Whiteboard Template by ClickUp will be your new go-to! Whiteboard project management is all the rage—and for good reason! Using this highly visual and collaborative tool, you can quickly plot your project’s major activities by stage and by week to help the team stay on track.

Plus, ClickUp Whiteboards are the only digital whiteboard software with the ability to take any text, shape, or note, and convert it directly into an actionable task. That means you can act on your workflow from your whiteboard without ever having to re-update statuses or click away from your work. 

And since the work is already so neatly organized on your whiteboard, this project timeline template is the ideal resource to have on hand for stakeholder meetings and presentations so you avoid any project risks.

As valuable as the previous project management templates are, you need a solid understanding of project management best practices and fundamentals before you can use them to their fullest extent. The Project Manager Template by ClickUp is here to help you achieve that knowledge. 

This ClickUp Doc template provides the framework for a Statement of Purpose (SOP) essay for those in pursuit of higher education degrees like an MBA or MSc. These programs are critical for covering the basics and the nitty-gritty of project management, and this free template is the perfect stepping stone for highlighting the qualifications, unique skills, and experience you already possess to help you succeed in such programs.

Designing your team’s project schedule can be a daunting task—especially for more complex projects and cross-functional team s. The Project Management Schedule Template by ClickUp simplifies this task with a formatted List to break down everything from your project phase to potential bottlenecks. 

While this is a List template, that’s not the only project view you’ll find applied to your Workspace. You’ll also see a pre-built Table view to assess project risks or issues, a project schedule using Timeline and Gantt view, and a Kanban board to visualize individual task statuses.

Using that Kanban board with ClickUp’s Board view, you’ll also have immediate access to key information through Custom Fields so you know the exact project status just how you designed it. So as you look at the big picture of your tasks, you can also quickly grab details like contributors, the risk level, progress rate, and more.

A project charter is a short formal document that describes your entire project and is created as you build your project plan. It plays a major role in defining your project scope , deliverables, key players, budget, and the work to be done. 

This Project Charter Template by ClickUp makes this easy with a detailed outline applied directly to a ClickUp Doc. In the pre-formatted sections and tables, you’ll be prompted to fill in all of the information you need to get your project off the ground and set in motion. 

As a project manager, you need easy but functional strategies to keep track of your project status and timeline so you know what task each team member needs to work on and the allotted time left to stay on schedule. One of the best ways to achieve this is by time-blocking!

Use this Schedule Blocking Template by ClickUp to assist you in monitoring your past, current, and upcoming events. By applying this List template to your Workspace, you’ll instantly have access to four custom statuses, five Custom Fields, and a whopping seven project views including:

• List view for upcoming activities
• Form view for scheduling requests
• Monthly, Daily, and Weekly Calendar views for optimal time management

The Project Management Status Report Template by ClickUp will keep your stakeholders well-informed and your executive projects on track through its seven flexible work views, 11 Custom Fields, four custom statuses, and more. 

This beginner-friendly project status report template was created to help you better oversee multiple projects at a time, so you can quickly grab the key takeaways of any project from any view. And with so many Custom Fields to attach important information to every task, you can quickly filter, sort, and locate action items or things like resource allocation and project budgeting across everything with ease.

Sometimes it can feel like Agile teams are working around the clock to iterate, iterate, and iterate again. It requires a ton of strategic planning, a powerful project management tool, and the Agile Scrum Management Template by ClickUp to ensure everything goes off without a hitch every time! 

This monster of a template applies a designated Space for Agile Scrum teams to find solutions and standardize the delivery of their products—including backlogging, sprint planning, standups, reviews, and retrospectives so you nail all project phases.

This project planning template starts you off on a structured ClickUp Whiteboard to map your user flows and team workflows. From there, you can begin creating, delegating, and tracking tasks using 30 loaded task statuses! Not to mention, you’ll also have access to 13 ClickApps for sprint points, time tracking, priorities, work-in-progress limits, time estimates, dependencies, Custom Fields, and much more.

Meeting minutes are extremely helpful for remembering your next steps and key takeaways, but tracking your meetings in a flexible list ensures a smoother planning and preparation phase when managing any project requests. The Project Management Meeting Tracker Template by ClickUp is perfect for staying on top of important check-ins like quarterly reviews, weekly 1-1’s, project kick-off meetings, and more.

Creative and design project management is where things start to get a bit dicey!

Project details pivot and design or creative teams face multiple rounds of feedback to ensure stakeholders are pleased with the results. And since design requests can be interpreted a thousand different ways—the edits can get a bit extreme at times.

The Creative & Design Template by ClickUp is a must-have Folder for all creative teams.

This creative and design template starts with a collaborative ClickUp Whiteboard and guides you through the entire creative process with pre-built end-to-end workflows to document and execute requests of any kind.

In project management, determining the project budget is crucial for any project’s success.

Project budget templates can help a project manager analyze expenses, make strategic resource allocation decisions, and identify risks when managing multiple projects! That’s why it’s so important to have a resource like the Budgeted Project Management Template by ClickUp handy for every new concept. 

Think of this template as the best-kept secret for numbers project management. This user-friendly and intuitive tool is ideal for tracking project schedules and multiple activities so you stay within the pre-defined resources and requirements for any project.

We’ve seen plenty of List and Space project plan templates already, but the Project Management Playbook Template by ClickUp has a bit of a different approach to handling project plans! With a pre-made Folder for your Workspace, this beginner-friendly plan template will be your project manager’s new best friend for standardizing the preparation process for any type of project. 

It hinges on aligning your project goals with your company’s overall objectives and traditional operations, so all team members feel ready and qualified to tackle their tasks at hand. This is especially true for cross-functional team members who must accommodate a range of daily processes.

The simple project playbook template works like a playbook and will set consistent expectations and bring some much-needed predictability to everyone’s daily schedule.

Like any software team, construction project management professionals have a ton on their plates, all the time. The Construction Project Management Template by ClickUp was designed for all construction site managers to oversee complex builds, updates, dependencies, and schedules. 

But that’s not the only person who’d benefit from this template! This Space-level template brings an advanced set of features like 30 task statuses, 14 Custom Fields, 11 ClickApps, and five project views to help contract admins, draftsmen, and contractors streamline their planning and scheduling processes.

The Planning a Project Template by ClickUp uses your Workspace to its fullest potential by creating tasks in any List and then easily moving them to other Lists. 

Project planning templates help teams achieve their goals within the given scope, schedule, budget, and resources. It enables stakeholders to easily track project status through visually appealing and easy-to-understand project schedules so they best plan around changes while proactively managing risks. 

ClickUp’s free project plan template helps project managers keep their project on track from start to finish. Use this template to ensure everyone on your team has access to the same information, expectations, decisions, and assumptions.

Any one of these 15 templates will get your project where it needs to go—because they were all designed by ClickUp !

ClickUp is the only productivity platform powerful enough to centralize all of your work across apps into one, collaborative workspace. With dozens of free project management features, an ever-growing Template Library , and more than 1,000 integrations , ClickUp can create solutions for teams of any use case.

Get started with any of the templates to tackle your next project plan or to take control of your project timeline when you sign up for ClickUp today !

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Microsoft Project Example – Let’s create your first real project in a just few steps

• by Adrian Neumeyer

Creating a project plan in Microsoft Project isn’t difficult at all.

This article will teach you how to create a simple project plan using a real project example.

Some basic configuration before you start

Before you create a schedule, you need to make two important changes in your settings:

Setting change 1: Make Auto Scheduling the default

o to File –> Options

Make sure to set Auto Schedule for new tasks:

What does Auto Scheduled mean?

It means that new tasks will be scheduled automatically based on your project start date (or end date). More specifically, Project will determine the optimal start and end date for each task automatically, which is what we want (why would we use a computer-based scheduling tool if we would not want to automate the scheduling? Read more about manual vs. automatic scheduling in Project .)

Close the window. At the bottom left corner of the screen it should look like this:

Setting change 2: Enable immediate calculation

We want Microsoft Project to re-calculate the project schedule immediately after we make a change. This ensures the data you see is always up to date. Unless you run a mega-project, leave the setting enabled.

Now, let’s schedule a simple project!

Our sample project: We are setting up our own business. We have picked a business idea and now we need to go from writing a business plan to a fully established business. For these steps, we are going to create a project plan.

Step 1: Create a new project

Choose Blank Project.

You will see a blank window.

First, let’s create a Project Summary Task . This is like an overall “wrapper” task that contains our entire project.

Here’s what you should see:

Give your project a suitable name:

Don’t worry about the duration and the dates – we’ll take care of this later.

Step 2: Enter a project start date

You need to tell Project the date at which the project officially starts.

To set the project start date, open the Project tab and click Project Information :

Enter the project start date (in our example: 14th September 2020):

Note: You can decide whether you want Microsoft Project to schedule your project forward from a specific start date or backward from a desired end date. If you already have committed to a golive date and want to know by when you need to begin work, then chose Schedule from Project End Date to trigger the backward planning. For this example, we want to base our schedule on a start date of 14th September 2020.

Press OK after you’ve entered the project start date. You can see now the start date for our tasks is 14th September 2020.

Step 3: Enter the list of tasks

In this project, we need to accomplish the following tasks:

• Create business plan
• Get business license
• Set up bank account
• Get funding
• Pick a business location
• Set up office equipment and furniture
• Run promotion

If you look at the list, you notice that the tasks must be performed in a specific order. There are also some dependencies between the tasks.

For example, we can’t get a bank account without having a business license. We also can’t get funding (i.e. a bank loan) without having a business license. And of course we need the money to hire people for our store. So, everything is connected with each other.

Now let’s enter those tasks into Microsoft Project.

Enter the tasks into the table next to the Gantt view :

At this stage, Project doesn’t have all the information it needs to create a schedule. It doesn’t know how long each task is going to take. Therefore the Duration column has a question mark and the start and finish dates aren’t correct yet.

Let’s continue. You now need to “link” all tasks in the right order and enter the estimated durations .

Step 4: Enter task durations

Now, tell Project how long each task is going to take. What you enter here is the duration of the task, which is not the same as the effort. Duration is the total timespan until a task is finished. Effort (in Project, effort is called Work ) is the amount of actual working time.

Enter the estimated duration in the duration column. Tip: you can either use the up/down ar- rows to change the values or enter for example “3d” to specify 3 days or “2w for 2 weeks of duration.

Step 5: Link tasks in the right sequence

As I mentioned before, tasks should be performed in a specific order. And we want to show this order in Project. Let’s link the tasks one after each other.

There are two ways how you can link tasks:

• The first method is to enter for each task which other task should come before it. That is, by defining a “predecessor”.
• The second method is by using the “link” button from the menu

I’ll show you both methods now.

Let’s look at the first two tasks: Create business plan and Get business license. We could do both at the same time, since we don’t necessarily have to have a business plan to apply for a license. But we want to focus on our business plan, get it done, and then work on the next task. So getting a business license should follow after creating business plan .

To tell Project that getting business license comes after create business plan , you can simply enter create business plan as a predecessor for task Get business license (in the Predecessors column).

The tasks are organized in a way similar to Excel using row numbers. These row numbers are used to identify tasks .

Do the following: In the predecessor column, enter “1” for task #2 (Get business license):

Watch the result: Task “Get business license” is now scheduled right after task “Create busi- ness plan” (look at the blue task bars).

Did you notice that your change immediately changed the Gantt chart on the right side? Also note that Project skipped the weekend because our calendar settings defined that there should be no work on weekends.

Next, we still have to arrange the other tasks in the right order. To do so, I now show you the other way of linking dependent tasks. There is a shortcut in the menu. Select the remaining tasks in rows 2-8 , as I have done below:

From the Task tab press the link button (watch what happens to the Gantt view!).

Our tasks are now arranged in the right order, and the  Gantt chart is updated :

Pro tip: If you have a lot of tasks and you schedule is very wide and want to jump to the respec- tive task in the Gantt view, just right-click on the task and choose Scroll to Task. This will pull up the corresponding task bar.

Step 6: Add a milestone to your schedule

In every project you have certain milestones you are working towards. Milestones are certain points in time where some goal must be achieved. For example, a document must be prepared or a component must be finished. We haven’t included any milestone yet, so let’s do that now.

To mark the point where we’ve fully set up our business, create a new milestone named ‘ Business fully set up ’. How?

You create a milestone by changing a task’s duration to zero (zero days) .

Milestones are shown as a grey diamonds:

I didn’t mention this before, but of course you need to schedule the “milestone task” right after the last regular task (Run promotion). For this, you need to enter a predecessor for the milestone task.

The milestone we entered also marks the estimated finish date of the project.

Excellent job! You have now created your first schedule in Project.

If you want to dive deeper into Project, take a look at my e-Book:

Hi! I'm Adrian, former Senior IT Project Manager and founder of Tactical Project Manager. I created the site to help you become an excellent project leader and manage intense projects with success!

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Complete a Project

To complete and submit a project assignment in SAM , download a start file , follow the project instructions and save your work, upload your files to SAM , and submit your work.

• Click the project name to display information about it. Note Compatibility or other warnings might be shown. For example, some projects are not compatible with Office® for Mac. Other projects require you to complete projects on the same type of operating system it was downloaded on. You might be prompted to enter a keycode to begin the assignment.
• Click Start .

Click Download All .

Textbook projects don't include an instructions file. Click the module link to open the textbook for instructions.

• Start files are the Microsoft Office files you change when completing the project. Every project has one or more start files. Important Start files are not interchangeable between projects, courses, or students. Don't use a start file from any other source, even if your textbook indicates otherwise.
• Support files like images might also be provided for you to use when completing the project.

If needed, you can click specific files to download—for example, to download your original start file again.

• Standard projects: Follow the instructions in the downloaded instructions file.
• Textbook projects: Follow the instructions in your textbook.
• Save your project files. Important Make sure the filenames match the filenames listed under Expected File Name .
• If needed, repeat steps 1 and 2 to return to the project.

You must upload your work before submitting.

You can also upload your in-progress work to SAM so that you can finish working on your project later or from a different computer.

• Windows: Drag your project files from Windows Explorer to the Save Work to SAM panel.
• MacOS: Drag your project files from Finder to the Save Work to SAM panel.
• Alternatively: Click Browse files and select the project files to upload.

Your uploaded project files are listed in the Save Work to SAM panel under Saved File .

To download a saved project file, click it.

After uploading your final project files, click Submit in the Submit for Grade panel to submit your work.

If the project can't be submitted, correct the listed problem and upload the project again. For details, see Project Errors .

SAM grades the project automatically.

To see your graded project for your most recent attempt, click Grading Report under Attempt History .

Project planning templates for project management

Use project planning templates to get your project going faster. Organize tasks and milestones while facilitating communication by using templates product development, marketing, business plans, goals, and employee onboarding.

What are project planning templates?

Templates provide frameworks that follow best practices for specific types of projects and help you plan and manage them from beginning to end.

Simple project planning

Track progress and take notes on a calendar with an easy-to-use project planning template.

Agile project planning

Plot milestones and tasks and use charts with this agile project planning template.

Product development and launch

Plan every stage of a new product launch with this project planning template.

Project goals and objectives

Break a large project down into smaller goals with this project goals and objectives template so you achieve every milestone on time.

Benefits of project planning templates

Discover how templates help you achieve the objectives of any project.

Ready to get started?

Ramp up fast

Skip building and formatting plans for entire projects from the ground up. Just download project planning templates.

See and share information

Get an in-depth view of project status and easily communicate it with your team.

Stay on task and on track

Manage tasks and milestones throughout your project timeline.

Keep track of resources

Know where you stand at all times with employees and outside contractors.

Adapt as needed

Assess and adjust on the fly with easy-to-edit templates.

Essential reading about project planning

Explore resources that will help you save time and achieve your goals for every project, from kickoff to final reporting.

The project manager’s guide to planning a perfect project

5 project management tools to save time and money

How to pick a cloud-based project planning solution

Explore microsoft project.

Discover a powerful yet simple project management tool to plan, manage, and deliver work effortlessly—from one-time projects to large initiatives.

Frequently asked questions

A project planning template is a document that follows a standard format based on the type of project and helps define the scope and objectives with a list of essential elements such as stakeholders, scope, timelines, estimated costs, and methods of communication with team members.

Project planning templates let you quickly start new projects, set organizational standards, and facilitate processes.

It’s relatively easy to find free project planning templates online that are available for download. There are project planning templates built into many apps such as Microsoft Project .

Project plan templates actually do much more than help you plan a project. They help you manage it, track information such as costs and timelines, and lets you see the big picture and communicate important information to people on your team.

There are many different types of project planning templates. Chances are the type of project or project management style you use will have planning templates. These range from Agile to Scrum and Kanban to Waterfall and everywhere in-between.

10 Project Management Folder Structure Best Practices

An effective project management folder structure can help you keep your projects organized and on track. Here are 10 best practices to follow.

Project management can be a daunting task, especially if you’re working on a large project with a lot of moving parts. One way to stay organized and on top of things is to create a project management folder structure that will help you keep track of all the different aspects of your project.

In this article, we’ll share 10 project management folder structure best practices that will help you stay organized and on track. By following these best practices, you’ll be able to create a folder structure that will work for you and your team.

1. Create a master folder

A master folder helps you keep all your project files organized in one place. It also allows you to share the entire project with other team members easily. All they need is the link to the master folder, and they can access all the project files.

Creating a master folder also makes it easier to track changes. You can see who made what changes and when. This is especially useful when multiple people are working on the same project.

To create a master folder, simply create a new folder and name it “master.” Then, add all the project files to this folder.

2. Use subfolders for each project phase

When a project is divided into phases, each with its own subfolder, it’s easier to keep track of what needs to be done and when. Plus, it helps team members stay organized and on track. By having all the project files in one place, they can quickly find what they need without having to search through a bunch of different folders.

This also makes it easier to share project files with clients or other stakeholders. They can simply be given access to the relevant phase folder, rather than the entire project folder.

Finally, using subfolders for each project phase can help you save time and money. When you’re able to reuse files from previous phases, you don’t have to waste time and money recreating them.

3. Add folders for documents and deliverables

When a project is underway, there are bound to be a lot of documents and deliverables generated. If these aren’t properly organized from the start, it can quickly become a chaotic mess. By adding folders specifically for documents and deliverables, you can ensure that everything is kept tidy and easy to find.

Not only will this make your life easier as the project manager, but it will also be appreciated by everyone else involved in the project. After all, no one wants to waste time sifting through a pile of unorganized files.

So, next time you’re setting up a project management folder structure, be sure to add folders for documents and deliverables. Your future self will thank you!

4. Include a folder for meeting notes

Meeting notes are important for a number of reasons. They provide a record of what was discussed, what decisions were made, and what action items were assigned. They also help to ensure that everyone is on the same page and aware of the project’s current status.

Having a dedicated folder for meeting notes helps to keep them organized and easy to find. It also makes it more likely that they will be reviewed and used, as opposed to being filed away and forgotten.

5. Create a folder for your project schedule

Your project schedule is the backbone of your project. It’s what you use to track progress, identify risks and issues, and ultimately keep your project on track.

Creating a dedicated folder for your project schedule ensures that it’s always easy to find, and it also helps to keep your other project files organized.

A good project management folder structure will also include folders for your project documentation, project files, and project communications.

6. Organize files by date, name or type

When files are organized by date, it’s easy to find the most recent versions of documents. This is especially important for project managers who are working on multiple projects at the same time.

Organizing files by name or type makes it easier to find specific types of documents. For example, if you’re looking for all of the meeting minutes from a project, you can easily find them if they’re all in one folder.

Finally, organizing files by date, name or type helps to keep your project folders tidy and organized. This makes it easier to find what you’re looking for and prevents you from accidentally deleting or overwriting files.

7. Keep team member contact information in one place

When working on a project, there are often many moving parts and people involved. In order to keep everyone organized and on the same page, it’s important to have a central place where team member contact information is stored. This way, if someone needs to get in touch with another team member, they know exactly where to look.

A good place to store team member contact information is in a file called “team-contacts.txt” or something similar. This file should be kept in the root directory of the project so that it’s easily accessible to everyone.

Inside this file, you should include the name, email address, and phone number for each team member. You may also want to include other relevant information such as their role on the project, what time zone they’re in, and how to best reach them (e.g., via email, phone, Slack, etc.).

8. Back up all of your data regularly

Your project management folder is the central location for all of your project data. If something happens to your computer, or if you accidentally delete a file, you could lose everything.

Backing up your data regularly means that you can restore it if something goes wrong. There are many different ways to back up your data, including using an external hard drive or cloud storage service.

Whichever method you choose, make sure that you back up your data regularly, so you don’t lose anything important.

9. Share the right files with the right people

If you share too many files with people who don’t need them, it can lead to confusion and frustration. On the other hand, if you don’t share enough files with people who do need them, it can lead to delays and rework.

The key is to strike a balance. Share the minimum number of files necessary with each person or group, and make sure everyone has access to the files they need.

Here are some tips for sharing files:

– Use file permissions to control who can see and edit each file. – Create separate folders for different types of files (e.g., design files, code files, etc.). – Use descriptive names for files and folders so people can easily find what they’re looking for. – Keep the project management folder structure simple and easy to navigate.

10. Archive completed projects

When a project is completed, it’s important to move it out of the way so that it doesn’t clutter up your active projects. But you also don’t want to delete it entirely in case you need to refer back to it later.

The best solution is to create an archive folder for completed projects. That way, they’re still accessible if you need them, but they’re not getting in the way of your current work.

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25 Must-Have Project Management Excel Templates and Spreadsheets

Still using spreadsheets to manage your projects? Revolutionize your projects with ProjectManager. Plan, track and report with automated tools.

Before you can plan your project, you need the right tools to collect the necessary data to formulate a strategy—and project management Excel templates are a great place to start.

Best Project Management Templates for Excel

Visit our project management templates page and you’ll find Excel and Word templates for creating all the project documents you need to manage your project. But, if you just need free Excel project management templates and spreadsheets, then look no further.

Here are 25 essential project management Excel templates you can download and use right now. Transform your bland Excel spreadsheets into expertly-designed project management templates , and take your project management Excel processes to the next level.

1. Gantt Chart Template

A Gantt chart is a visual tool that helps you see at a glance the scheduling of tasks and their dependencies over the project timeline. That makes it an ideal project planner template.

While it’s true that a Gantt chart template can be overly complex in Excel spreadsheets, especially when you need of more advanced scheduling features like task dependencies and resource allocation, they remain a vital part of any project manager’s toolkit. That’s why we recommend using online Gantt chart software to help plan tasks and projects collaboratively with your team.

Online Gantt chart tools integrate into project management & planning software, so they update in real time. This allows for easy drag-and-drop changes and can be color-coded to customize as you need. ProjectManager is a project management software that does this and more. Try it for yourself today!

But to quickly make a Gantt chart from your task lists, download this free Gantt chart Excel template, also known as a project timeline template, for an easy way to create a project schedule. Simply add tasks and deadlines to this Excel spreadsheet and visualize how long your project will take.

2. Project Management Dashboard Template

The project dashboard is what keeps you in the driver’s seat as you travel through the lifecycle of the project. It allows you to monitor the project, tracking the task status, budget and more in one place.

From this free project management dashboard for Excel, you create graphs and charts that give you a visual and easily digestible look at your task and workload management, as well as cost. It’s a sure way to stay on top of a project generally and know where you have to drill down into specifics.

You can add more power to your PM dashboards when you use online project management software . That way, when team members are updating task statuses, the dashboards populate with real-time data.

3. Project Status Report Template

The need for a project status report is obvious. If you don’t have good intel on what’s happening in the project, then you’re managing blindly. You have no idea if you’re on track or if resources are being blocked.

With this free Excel project status report template, you have a tool to greatly improve your project communications, both with stakeholders when you’re delivering a presentation, but also with team members.

It’s up to you to decide on the frequency of the reports. But with a project status report template, a lot of the busy work that can pull you away from a project is already done, giving you greater access to the information you need.

4. Action Plan Template

A project is initiated to complete the realization of a goal. But achieving that objective requires a strategy and the steps to implement that strategy successfully. In short, projects require an action plan .

Projects are pragmatic and the action plan is a framework to collect your thoughts about executing the project plan in an effective and efficient way. With our free action plan template, you can fill in the blanks to ensure that you’ve covered all bases and make your project start on the right foot. It’s a great companion template to an overall project plan and project charter.

From prioritizing tasks to assigning and noting the status, timeline and resources, we have you covered. And, again, the action plan can be uploaded seamlessly into ProjectManager , so you can then use all our great features to visualize workflow with kanban boards and monitor progress with our real-time dashboard.

5. Project Tracker & Task List Template

Tracking the project is crucial to ensure that it remains on schedule. That means also keeping tabs on the work at a task level.

This project tracker & task list template can help as a task to-do list, and it includes columns for the planned and actual duration of the project to determine what’s working and what needs more attention.

Once you integrate your project and task tracking template into a project management software system, you can then produce Gantt charts to get a clear visual on the project timeline, as well as get that data delivered to your dashboard to note project progress in real time. And, of course, you can import your Excel and Microsoft Project files seamlessly into ProjectManager. Our software can transform your static Excel files into stunning, dynamic project management tools.

6. Project Budget Template

A project can have a great plan, but without the financial backing to pay for it, nothing can happen. That’s why a project budget, as tedious as it might be, is one of the most important phases of getting a project on track to successful completion.

With this free Excel project budget template, you can literally see when you’re in the red because it’s color-coded. And this document, more than just one that’s crucial to the start of a project, is also a way to track that budget across the lifecycle of the project.

This template has room to cover all your costs, from easy ones to collect — such as labor and materials — to ones that change or carry over from project to project. Budgets are estimates, but with this free template, those numbers will be more accurate.

7. Kanban Board Template

Kanban boards come from the Toyota factory floor, developed by Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer and businessman, as a planning system to manage and control work and inventory. Since being introduced as physical boards with columns representing phases in production and tasks that are displayed as cards that move across the board, they’ve evolved into digital tools.

When you download our free kanban board template for Excel, you’ll get five columns and multiple cards, all of which are fully customizable so you can make adjustments to reflect the production cycle of your project. We’ve set up the kanban board to have five columns: backlog, to-do, doing, in review and done.

Cards are color-coded to show the priority level, from high (red) to medium (green) and low (blue). On each card is the name and description of the task, who it’s assigned to and what the due date is. Again, you can add as much or as little information to the card as you like. Of course, you can also use a project management template in ProjectManager and get access to dashboards, reports, resource management features and much more.

8. To-Do List Template

A to-do list gets things done. Whether it’s the grocery list you stick on the door of your refrigerator or a task list for a project, being able to collect and prioritize work ensures that you don’t forget anything important and tackle the most important tasks first. Plus, it’s a lot of fun crossing off tasks once you’ve done them.

This free project management Excel template can list as many tasks as you have, each with a start date, due date and even a column that shows the percentage complete of each task. There’s also a column to note the process, for example, to indicate if the task is done. Finally, a column is set aside for notes to capture anything you need to add.

The to-do list template is a simple tool that can be used to make more complex tasks manageable. It helps motivate you to do the work because it’s no longer overwhelming, but doable. It’s a rudimentary plan, and everyone knows planning is everything.

9. Project Risk Template

Risk is a part of managing a project. The job involves being able to anticipate what risks are likely to occur and then formulating a response to get the project back on track. That’s where this free Excel risk-tracking template comes in.

First, it allows you to list all the possible risks you believe may happen over the course of the project. Next, you can define how it’ll impact the project. You determine the level of the risk and assign it to an owner so that someone is responsible to keep an eye on it.

Now you have a plan in place to resolve that risk quickly, and a document that can be shared so the risk is never given a chance to blindside a project.

10. Project Timesheet Spreadsheet

Team members need to have a way to track their work through the tasks they are assigned, and a simple timesheet can provide an easy way to keep them on schedule as well as give them the needed information to know where they are in their tasks.

The free Excel timesheet can calculate cost per hour and includes vacation and overtime columns, to accurately note the time spent on and off the project. But project timesheets are useful for a number of different purposes, so this is a handy tool.

When you manage timesheets with online project management software , then the rubber hits the road. You’ll be able to filter columns and customize reports, easily sharing them in an email, PDF or Excel and CSV file. Plus your team can submit timesheets based on actual tasks in the system, and you’ll get alerted by email when they do.

11. Work Breakdown Structure Template

A project is made up of deliverables and those deliverables are created by tasks. The work breakdown structure (WBS) is a way to visualize the project deliverables, the tasks, and the subtasks, which are necessary to make them.

ProjectManager has a free WBS template that structures the process of breaking down the large project into smaller and smaller tasks, in a hierarchical visual that allows you to see the entire scope of the project work.

This is a key element of project planning, but it’s also critical to estimating project costs and setting up a realistic schedule. Better still, because our WBS free template is an Excel spreadsheet, it can then be uploaded into the ProjectManager software to initiate a project, assign tasks to team members and monitor and track progress once the project is executed.

12. Project Plan Template

A project plan template has everything you need to map out your project once it’s been approved. It has space for you to define your project goals, activities and tasks as well as all the resources you’ll need to execute the work. You can begin to schedule your activities , tasks and the duration of each across a project timeline. There’s even a place to identify task dependencies.

Project plans are tailored around your project and no two are the same. That’s why this project management template has a place to add appendices.  Here is where you can attach a scope, cost and schedule management plan or a work breakdown structure (WBS) as well as your business case, feasibility study and project charter. The more detailed your project plan, the more you position yourself and your team for success when the project is executed.

13. Project Estimate Template

This free project estimate template for Excel will help you forecast a more accurate budget and realistic schedule. Before you can plan a project, you need to identify all the costs that will be associated with it. This free project management spreadsheet allows you to do a more detailed collection of what you’ll need to spend on your labor, materials and project resources.

From a job description to estimate details, this project template is a great way not only to figure out your budget but collect the various vendors and contractors you’ll be employing to help you execute the project. Create as many project phases as you require. Each is subtotaled and those subtotals are then tallied automatically for a final sum. Change is impossible to avoid when managing a project, but the more accurate your estimate, the more likely you’ll deliver on time and within budget.

14. RACI Matrix Template

Using a RACI matrix template is an essential tool for organizing projects. Projects can be confusing, and if people aren’t sure of their roles, problems are going to occur. The RACI template for Excel is a free tool to identify and define the various roles and responsibilities of everyone involved with the project.

This project management Excel template is broken up by project phase on the left and across the top all the various project positions are listed. Then in the corresponding box beneath the title is filled in with R, A, C or I to explain their relation to that specific point in the project. RACI stands for responsible, accountable, consulted and informed. Defining these roles with this Excel spreadsheet leads to smoother operations.

15. Issue Tracker Template

Issues are when something is happening right now in your project. So, what do you do when this happens? You track those issues and resolve them with the help of this free issue tracker template.

The first thing, of course, is identifying those issues as they occur. This is the document in which you can collect that information. The issue tracking template serves you by making sure every step of the way, from identifying to resolving the issue, is documented.

Of course, you’ll want to share the issue tracker template, and you can with this free Excel template, but only as a static document. With project management software , that information is easy to collect and share, as well as edit in real time.

16. Resource Plan Template

Resources are anything you need for a project. Our free resource plan template for Excel is the first step to managing your team and resources. You can use it to identify, list and organize all your project resources as well as figure out how much of each you’ll need and what that’ll cost. You can use this project Excel template to integrate with your schedule and budget to track costs as you execute the project.

While you’ll want to start your resource plan during the planning phase of your project, it should be a living document that’s regularly updated as things change over the life cycle of the project. Once the project has been completed, you can save the template and use it when you’re planning resources for future projects that are similar. Using this free project management template for Excel keeps everyone informed, which leads to a smoother project.

17. Multiple Project Tracking Template

If you’re managing a program or a portfolio of projects, then you need our free multiple-project tracking template for Excel. When you download this free project management Excel template, you have the tool you need to monitor the progress of many projects at once.

This free template provides a high-level overview of your projects, including all relevant information, all in one place. You can track tasks, dependencies, schedules and costs, which allows you to make more informed decisions when allocating resources across all your projects and helps you identify issues quickly.

Whether you’re a program manager, portfolio manager or work for a PMO, our free multiple project tracking template is going to make your job easier. It will serve you throughout the life cycle of all the projects you’re managing for resource management, communicating with stakeholders and more.

18. Production Schedule Template

In order to balance supply and demand when producing any commodity, you have to have a production schedule. It tracks the production of your product over a specific time period. No manufacturer is going to make anything without one. Download our free production schedule template for Excel.

Use our free production schedule as part of your larger supply chain management to manage resources, help your sales team and get your goods to customers on time without negatively impacting quality. Our template helps you to make more accurate production plans and manage your inventory.

You can manage both your workers and your materials, workstations and processes, as well as track your targets, manage deliveries and more. Our free template is a must-have document when you’re in production planning.

19. Punch List Template

A punch list captures the work that still needs to be done on a construction site. The job isn’t complete until that punch list is completed. The punch list is also a great way to capture tasks that fall outside the contract and track their progress. These are only some reasons why you need to download our free punch list template for Excel.

Our free punch list template lists all the items on the punch list, including a description and who has been assigned to do that work. There’s also space to add a date for when it was first identified and when it was approved. You can also add the estimated duration for doing the work.

This is a special template, too, in that you can use it as an Excel document or open up the template in ProjectManager. If you use our software, then you’ll have access to kanban boards to visualize workflow, a real-time dashboard for a high-level view of your progress and performance as well as Gantt charts, timesheets, workload charts and much more.

20. Weekly Work Schedule Spreadsheet

If you need help handling your human resources, get our free weekly work schedule spreadsheet for Excel. You can use it to manage your team’s weekly work and the project’s workflow. Note the days your team can work and collect the rate of pay and hours they work on their tasks. This flexible employee work schedule can apply to the regular nine-to-five work week or a more hybrid model.

Use this project management template for Excel to get info on your team members and their work schedule. You can add their name, tasks assigned to them and the project on which they’re working. There’s space to list all the days they’ll be working. This Excel template is a great place to capture data, but it’s a static document. If you want to update it, you have to do that manually. It can take time and pull you away from managing the project and your team’s work.

21. Change Log Tracking Spreadsheet

Try our free change log template for Excel and create a successful change management process. Change is going to happen in every project, whether due to requests from stakeholders or from external forces, such as weather or supply chain issues. Being prepared for change and how to respond to it is going to make or break your project.

This project management Excel spreadsheet allows you to number changes that you identify in the project to track them easier. There’s a place to capture when the change was first discovered, who owns it and who is tasked with dealing with that change. There’s even space to note its status and set the priority so you know which changes should be dealt with first. Having a change log means you can manage change and not allow change to negatively impact your project.

22. Change Request Form Template

One thing that’s constant in any project is change. Those changes, however, must be managed. That’s where the change request form comes in.

Our free change request form template gives you the structure to identify, track and resolve those changes when they arise in a project. The free template has space to note what the change is, give a team member ownership to lead the task of resolving it and then get it signed off on.

When used in conjunction with ProjectManager, the change request form is more dynamic. It can act as a collaborative platform in which team members can communicate and attach relevant documents, even hand-offs and sign-offs. Keeping everything under one roof is something you’ll not want to change.

Related: How to Run MS Project on your Mac Step by Step!

23. Gap Analysis Template

If you’re looking to improve your business and stay innovative, then you need this gap analysis template for Excel. It’s one of the tools you can use to get a strategic analysis of where you are now and how to get to where you want to be in the future. This project management spreadsheet will help you devise an action plan to move you from your current state of affairs to wherever you plan to take your organization in the future, whether that’s an increase in market share or getting a product to market quickly.

This free Excel template has everything you need to start meeting your goals, from general information and the current state of your business to the future state you’re aiming to achieve, what the gap percentage is and the actions necessary to close that gap. You can identify who in the organization can lead the initiative and even track the status. You have to start somewhere and a gap analysis is where it all comes together.

24. Stakeholder Analysis Spreadsheet

Stakeholders are invested in the project and project managers have to keep them updated and manage their expectations. That’s where this free stakeholder analysis template for Excel comes in. It helps you identify and manage all the stakeholders in your project. This free template is a cornerstone of any thorough stakeholder management plan.

The stakeholder analysis template gets you started with a project overview, which is followed by a list of all the stakeholders involved with the project. There’s a dropdown menu to note if that particular stakeholder is of high, medium or low influence. That means, how much power they have to impact the project. That information is crucial to how to manage them. Then you identify each stakeholder in the spreadsheet as they relate to the project. Note the frequency you need to communicate with each stakeholder and more to manage them and keep the project moving forward.

25. Cost Benefit Analysis Spreadsheet

Crunch the numbers to learn if your project is worth pursuing with our free cost-benefit analysis template for Excel. You can see if the project can be delivered within a specific time frame and reasonable cost. This Microsoft Excel template allows you to compare what you expect to spend against the benefits or opportunities the project might provide. From a cost perspective, you can see if the project is viable.

Whether a personal or professional project, our free cost-benefit analysis template is a powerful and flexible tool. It can be used over and over again, collecting the project information, quantitative costs (indirect, intangible and opportunity) and quantitative benefits (direct benefits, indirect benefits, intangible benefits and competitive benefits). Adding up the three cost sections and the four benefits sections of the template provides a total cost to compare against total benefits. It’s an essential analysis to undertake before committing to any project.

Using Excel for Project Management

Think of all the things you have to process along the way to a successful project—scheduling, resource planning, defining tasks and milestones, etc. The days of Post-It notes and notebooks filled with scraps of paper are long gone. Thankfully, today project managers can use Microsoft Excel templates for project management.

Microsoft Excel does a lot of things well: mathematics, analysis and organization. But, it’s not intuitive for project management due to its blank spreadsheet format. So, without using pre-built project management spreadsheets or templates, it’s hard to execute project management on Excel.

Go Beyond Excel Project Management Templates & Spreadsheets With ProjectManager

Project management software can take you way further than Excel templates for project management ever could. ProjectManager , an award-winning project management software, is a comprehensive platform that lets you plan, track and report on your projects online. Because it’s an online tool, you get live visibility into your project team and their tasks.

Plan your projects from start to finish with our Gantt chart feature. This feature allows you to map your project tasks in phases and assign them to team members. You can even create dependencies and set milestones. Plus, you can import Excel files and Microsoft Project files into the Gantt chart, bringing your static templates to life. In addition, ProjectManager integrates with over 1,000 third-party apps such as Google Drive, Slack and Microsoft Office 365 so that you can share your project with everybody on your team.

Team members (and managers) can choose to manage their own tasks in either the task list or kanban view. The kanban view is a favorite for visual workers who are involved in many projects. The customizable columns on a kanban board allow a user to easily see their progress, or sort their tasks by project or department. Of course, every view, whether it’s the Gantt, list or board, allows you to collaborate with other team members and get more work done than you ever thought possible. You’ll wonder why you ever used project management Excel processes.

Get all the features of these Excel project management templates and more when you use ProjectManager . All of these tools are available in our award-winning project management software to help you plan, track and report on your project in real time. See what it can do for you by taking a free 30-day trial run .

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Homework Project #5

Final Homework Project

Assignment Files

Submissions.

You must submit your completed file(s) through the CS101 Submit Assignments tool .

This assignment is due on Friday, April 26, 2024 at 11:59:59 PM Eastern Time. Late work will be accepted for reduced credit until Tuesday, April 30, 2024 at 11:59:59 PM Eastern Time.

This assignment is worth 60 points. A grading rubric is provided at the end of the assignment instructions.

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Free Cover Page templates

Create impressive cover pages for your assignments and projects online in just a click. choose from hundreds of free templates and customize them with edit.org..

Create impressive cover pages in a few minutes with Edit.org, and give your projects and assignments a professional and unique touch. A well-designed title page or project front page can positively impact your professor's opinion of your homework, which can improve your final grade!

Create a personalized report cover page

After writing the whole report, dissertation, or paper, which is the hardest part, you should now create a cover page that suits the rest of the project. Part of the grade for your work depends on the first impression of the teacher who corrects it.

We know not everyone is a professional designer, and that's why Edit.org wants to help you. Having a professional title page can give the impression you've put a great deal of time and effort into your assignment, as well as the impression you take the subject very seriously. Thanks to Edit.org, everyone can become a professional designer. This way, you'll only have to worry about doing a great job on your assignment.

On the editor, you will also find free resume templates  and other educational and professional designs.

Customize an essay cover page with Edit.org

• Go to formats on the home page and choose Cover pages.
• Choose the template that best suits the project.
• You can add your images or change the template background color.
• Add your report information and change the font type and colors if needed.
• Save and download it. The cover page is ready to make your work shine!

Free editable templates for title pages

As you can see, it's simple to create cover pages for schoolwork and it won’t take much time. We recommend using the same colors on the cover as the ones you used for your essay titles to create a cohesive design. It’s also crucial to add the name and logo of the institution for which you are doing the essay. A visually attractive project is likely to be graded very well, so taking care of the small details will make your work look professional.

On Edit.org, you can also reuse all your designs and adapt them to different projects. Thanks to the users' internal memory, you can access and edit old templates anytime and anywhere.

Take a look at other options we propose on the site. Edit.org helps design flyers, business cards, and other designs useful in the workplace. The platform was created so you don't need to have previous design knowledge to achieve a spectacular cover page! Start your cover page design now.

Create online Cover Pages for printing

You can enter our free graphic editor from your phone, tablet or computer. The process is 100% online, fun and intuitive. Just click on what you want to modify. Customize your cover page quickly and easily. You don't need any design skills. No Photoshop skills. Just choose a template from this article or from the final waterfall and customize it to your liking. Writing first and last names, numbers, additional information or texts will be as easy as writing in a Word document.

Free templates for assignment cover page design

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Assignments object (Project)

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Contains a collection of Assignment objects for a task or resource.

Using the Assignment Object

Use Assignments ( index ), where index is the assignment index number, to return a single Assignment object. The following example displays the name of the first resource assigned to the specified task.

Using the Assignments Collection

Use the Assignments property to return an Assignments collection. The following example displays all the resources assigned to the specified task.

Use the Add method to add an Assignment object to the Assignments collection. The following example adds a resource identified by the number 212 as a new assignment for the specified task.

Project Object Model

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File Structure

A successful file structure organizes your data and code with the goal of repeatability, making it easier for you and your collaborators to revisit, revise and develop your project. File structures are not fixed entities, but rather build a framework that communicates the function and purpose of elements within a project by separating concerns into a hierarchy of folders and using consistent, chronological, and descriptive names.

Begin with something simple and clear to avoid bogging down at the start, and allow the structure to evolve as needed.

Why file organization matters

Consistency matters. Like navigating around the house, it’s nice to know where everything is and that items are placed in a logical order (hopefully your kitchenware isn’t found in your bathroom). The same holds true for coding. Knowing where files are, when to use certain code for certain operations, and how to find associated results, data, and figures can not only streamline productivity, but also allow for consistency (even across multiple projects) and shareability.

Where you place your files and how you organize your file structure can be seen as an overall map to your coding projects. As with a map legend, you should establish a set of expectations about where to find parts of the project, and in which order these parts fit (i.e., run) together.

Why do it: for others

Even if you are working on a class assignment, it is best to work under the mindset that your work will be shared and reproduced by others. For that to happen, you need to organize your code such that newcomers can quickly access key parts of your project without looking through documentation or aimlessly clicking through files. In a way, you want others to thank you . They will hopefully thank you for:

• the time saved in learning your project structure
• being able to collaborate more easily with you
• quickly learning how your analysis was performed
• being able to quickly reproduce your code, which adds confidence to both the collaborator and you.

Why do it: for you

If you’ve ever organized your desk to clean up both physical and mental space, then your coding projects deserve the same consideration. The time invested in learning how to organize your code now will help you streamline future projects and add consistency between projects. Even if you are working on a quick homework assignment, think about the hundreds of similar homework assignments for which you have to mock up a folder and then finagle some files (we advise against putting everything on your desktop ). So whether you’re working on small or big projects, setting a standard structure will add consistency among all of your work and decrease the amount of time it takes to boilerplate  your code.

Why do it: for the future you

^ this sucks

Being confused is never fun, especially when  you  are the cause of confusion. Going back to the code and forgetting where your files are placed, or worse, which files to use (the deadly trial-and-error approach of using  file1.py ,  file-v1.py ,  file-mod1.py , or  file-try-this-one-v1.py suffixes) makes for a gruesome experience. Even worse, it will limit the ability to reproduce your code.

Therefore, establishing consistency at the beginning – which starts with a standard file structure and naming convention – will pay dividends for your future self. The goal is to thank  your past self.

Getting started

Some terminology:

• Folders  and  directories are used interchangeably. Folders will be used hereon.
• File structure ,  file hierarchy , and  file schemas  are used interchangeably. File structure will be used hereon.

Establish the right perspective: Identify your goals and audience

As with writing an article or making a presentation, deciding how to deliver key information depends not only your personal goals, but also on the goals of your audience. That being said, to establish a perspective for the sake of the below examples, we are going to assume you are a data scientist . We use a loose definition of a data scientist:

• You work with some sort of data: binary, text, web, images, video, machine data…
• You will modify the data to meet your needs
• You will analyze the data and make conclusions
• You will create representations of such conclusions: charts, figures, images, videos…
• You will share some or all of the above processes with others, whether by turning in an assignment for class, or publishing results with a conference or journal

Those viewing your code, who may be data scientists, researchers, or those wanting to learn, may have other intentions, such as…

• Finding your datasets to repeat and confirm your results and methodologies
• Finding your datasets so they can perform their own analysis
• Using your source code to help analyze their work, or fork it for other purposes
• Looking at your results and figures

A state of mind: Not everything has to be set in stone.

Finding the right time to deviate and be flexible in establishing a file structure is wiser than blindly adhering to ritual. A relevant saying now popularized in the coding world is,

“A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds.” — Ralph Waldo Emerson (and PEP8 style guides )

None of the practices we describe below are binding, or necessary to make good code. Rather, we try to articulate general principles for achieving consistent, maintainable file structure.

There are also tradeoffs between the time to develop such file structures, and time to actually write and implement code. As Donald Knuth , one of the early leaders of good programming, has said,

“Premature optimization is the root of all evil (or at least most of it) in programming.” — Donald Ervin Knuth

The goal isn’t to make the  gold standard of coding practices (but if you do come up with one, please share). Rather, we hope you’ll find this a useful combination of principles to apply and tools to adapt to your specific needs.

Best practices for file structures

There are some overarching ground rules to keep in mind before hacking away at your computer. They are:

• Do not modify your raw data manually, or even better, at all. (Don’t give in to the temptation of opening a raw dataset in Excel and changing values.)
• Data manipulation should work like a conveyer belt: it stops at checkpoints. E.g., it gets modified/cleaned/analyzed, and then it moves on.
• Code of different quality (scratch work vs. compiled binaries) should be separated.
• Always have collaborators in mind, even if there is a 0% chance of getting collaborators. Work towards shareable code. Have public awareness. In a way, imagine if your code were to be released on GitHub  right now .
• Use relative file paths, not absolute paths, to facilitate shareability.
• Consistency (within your project) is key.

Best practices for separation of concerns

When writing code, it is a good design principle to separate program functionality into distinct sections, where each section addresses a separate concern (e.g. reformatting data to plot a figure). This is also true when breaking down your file structures: each folder should contain files with similar functionality or purposes.

Best practices for experimental and scratch work

To help keep track of this process, every scientist should have a lab notebook.

As you develop your project, scratch work will sprout up alongside your lab notebook. Scratch work is anything you do to transform, manipulate, or inspect (plot, explore, analyze, etc.) the data as it moves from station to station along the conveyor belt.

Always put everything into scripts to ensure repeatability , even though it may seem quick and easy to do with command line arguments in the moment. Consider later on, when you’re communicating that manipulation to a collaborator. It’s more challenging and error-prone to say, “Do these 15 commands, changing argument x to y,” versus “Run this script.” Even if you don’t have collaborators, imagine you have to recall an intermediate plot to convince your advisor of your reasoning. It will undoubtedly be easier to just pull up a MATLAB/Python script and run it without worry.

Source code: Put it somewhere logical.

By source code, we mean the finalized working code that is used to derive the results. Depending on the size and nature of your project, there may also be several single-use scripts for tasks such as converting, cleaning, plotting, and so on. Whether these scripts are included in the src  folder as final working code or distributed in other folders as scratch work is mostly a matter of personal preference, as long as it’s logical to find them later . Sticking to the house analogy, it’s reasonable to look in your kitchen and bathroom for cleaning supplies.

Results: Keep them separate.

Whatever format your results are (figures, a code/executable, data to be passed onto another project, even a paper draft), keeping them separate allows quick access when you need to evaluate your conclusions.

Consider using Makefiles.

Especially for larger projects, Makefiles will aid in tracking revisions in your code and data. (Google and Makefile templates are your friends.)

Choose a file structure that matches the scale and aims of your project.

All good structures contain at least the following elements:

• A unique main folder for the project
• Some form of code
• Some form of data
• A readme document with any important information about the project for yourself or collaborators

Start by sketching out a base structure.

• Ground zero: make a unique folder for the project.
• Determine the scale of the project. Somewhere between quick visualization and long-term collaborative project? This will give a hint at how complex the file structure should be.
• Identify the parameters distinguishing data . Someone looking at your files should be able to recognize those parameters when looking at both your file structure and filenames.
• Assess the easiest way to access the data. Often, this will be set by the most important distinguishing variable between data sets (e.g., chronological, machine/sensor type, experiment, human subject, learning model, etc.). Keep things simple and clear to start, so it’s easy to inspect and debug. Worry about cleverness and optimizing once you verify things are working.

Case studies: Different file structures are suited to different needs.

• Is this a small assignment that requires a quick output? See Case Study 1: almost flat .
• Is this an exploratory project , where there may not even be results given the uncertainty of the data and results? See Case Study 2: a simple hierarchy .
• Is this is a huge collaborative project which you expect to drive several distinct results sections, and possibly multiple manuscripts/publications? See Case Study 3: a complex hierarchy .

Best practices for naming conventions

It’s easy to be overwhelmed by the sheer variety of naming conventions. However, there are a few important base principles on which you can build your own.

• Be descriptive and avoid ambiguity, particularly with versioning (e.g., try “ -v2 “, not “ _final_final “)
• Abreviations are helpful, but make sure you define them in a  readme .
• Use context (e.g. parent folders) to avoid redundant/lengthy names.
• Similarly, always pre-pad smaller numbers with zeros in a sequence (e.g. 01, 02,…,10 if instead of 1, 2, 3,…,10).
• As always,  be consistent within your project.  If your group already has an established style, start there, and tailor it to your needs.

Construct a file path sentence that helps users identify the file.

Every file, whether it be data or code, has a path (including the filename at the end) that tells the computer where to look for it. The path is also a “sentence” that tells the human user the information needed to identify the file. Separate this information into individual “idea elements,” which may be a single character or number, a word, or a short phrase (e.g. a subject’s first and last names).

Folder names are, in general, are a single idea element. Filenames, on the other hand, may be one or more ideas. Take, for example, a raw data filename from the flat structure case study ,  weatherStation_MITGreenBuilding_2019_07_01.csv . There are three idea elements here:

For a more involved example using multiple idea abbreviations, see this case study by the Stanford Libraries .

Ordering the ideas: Choosing descriptive vs. chronological depends on what’s most important.

So far, we’ve discussed a lot about the morphology of the file structure, but not much about the order of the ideas. Should it be date, then location – or location, then date? That all depends on how you will be accessing the data.

In general, put the most important thing first , whether in a folder hierarchy or an individual filename. (Individual filenames start mattering more for flatter file structures: e.g., if you only have raw, clean, final data or even a completely flat structure.) If the project goal is to identify temporal variations in weather data, put the date first in the path sentence (left-most, highest-level). If you’re tracking spatial variations in atmospheric methane averaged over time, it may make more sense to start with location.

The last idea to be addressed is often the version number. Use a simple version sequence (e.g. _v1, _v2, _v3 ) to avoid the chaos of _final, _finalfinal, _reallyfinal, _test_final_use_this_one . If someone handed you files like this, would you trust the conclusions? Would you feel they did a good job with the project?

Separating the ideas: Underscores, camelCase, periods or hyphens each have advantages.

To prevent ideas from blurring together, some form of delimiter is needed. The OS already put slashes in between folder names for us, but what if we have multi-word ideas or multi-idea filenames?

• Underscores  ( _ ) and  camelCase  ( firstNameLastName ) are probably the two most common delimiters because they are interoperable with nearly all modern operating systems and coding languages. They are robust and unlikely to give you trouble when sharing your project.
• Periods  ( . ) are often overlooked as delimiters by many, perhaps because they serve to separate the file extension at the end of the file. However, modern operating systems ignore all but the last period for this purpose, so they are safe to use. While you may need to be careful to avoid bugs with certain languages that could confuse periods for operators (MATLAB, Python), they have a major benefit if you’re doing any work by hand. When you double click on a segment of a name to highlight, periods separate highlight regions, as opposed to being overrun (see below).
• Hyphens  ( - ) are also quite common, visually similar to an underscore, and are easily handled by most operating systems. But they have one potential issue: if you’re not careful in your code, they can be confused for minus signs. Depending on your operating system, hyphens may behave like a period when double-clicking to highlight (e.g., it does for Mac OS, demonstrated below).

Mixing delimiters  can be a great strategy for improving readability. Consider these two filenames:

• 20190701.GeorgeSun.v1.csv
• 20190701_davidLarson_v1.csv

The general ideas are are date, subject name, and version number. In both cases, a primary deliminator is used to separate the ideas, while camelCase is used to make the names easier to read.

A last note on delimiters: never use spaces in your project path and filenames . Yes, many of us use them in our computer’s general file system because they’re so intuitive. But code and operating systems have a hard time dealing with them, so avoiding them in your project file structures will save you a lot of headache and cumbersome code.

Appendix: Useful references

Here we share other viewpoints that have inspired this guide.

• Google’s collection of style guides
• Cookiecutter Data Science
• Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python: Structuring Projects
• “A Quick Guide to Organizing Computational Biology Projects,” William Stafford Noble, PLoS Computational Biology
• “Data Management Best Practices,” Axiom Data Sciences
• “Four Strategies for Organizing Code,” Martin Sandin, Medium
• “Manage Your Data Science Project in Early Stage,” Edward Ma, Towards Data Science
• “Tips, Tricks, and Philosophies on Computational Work,” Claire Duvallet, MIT PhD Alum
• Stackoverflow Q&A

Return to the table of contents for this page

Save a project file in Project desktop

Saving a project file to your computer is similar to saving a file in any other Office program.

Click File > Save As .

Locate the folder where you want to save it.

If you are using the subscription version of Project (Project Online Desktop Client), you will first be shown the folders in which you most recently saved a project file. You can also select another location.

Type a name in the File name box, and then click Save .

Of course, you’re not limited to saving to just your computer or to just the Project file format.

Other save options

Sync a project with a tasks list, save a project to a different file format, more ways to save a project file.

Sync a project with a SharePoint tasks list to share information about project tasks, update their status, and collaborate with team members across your organization. Once the task lists are synced, changes to one list are reflected in the other.

Note:  Syncing won’t work if you’re connected to Project Web App. To troubleshoot other syncing issues, see Sync a project with a SharePoint site .

Sync on an existing SharePoint site

Click File > Save As > Sync with SharePoint .

On the right side of the screen, in the Sync With box, choose Existing SharePoint Site .

In the Site Address box, type the web address of the SharePoint site or pick a location from the drop-down menu.

Click Verify Site .

In the Tasks List box, type a name for a new list or choose one from the drop-down menu.

Click Save .

Sync on a new SharePoint site

On the right side of the screen, in the Sync With box, choose New SharePoint Site

Type the name of the project in the Project Name box.

In the Site Address box, type the web address of the new SharePoint site.

After the first sync, you can choose which Project fields should map to which SharePoint columns. Click File > Info , and then click Map Fields .

Under Choose a Location , choose Computer or a web location to save the file.

Under Choose a Folder , click a folder at the location.

In the File name box, type the project name.

Click the Save as type box and choose a file format.

You can save a project file to these formats :

Save a project as a template .

Save a project to PDF .

Publish a project to Project Web App .

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실전코딩 Git & GitHub 수업 과제를 위한 레포지토리 입니다.

2024-realcoding/github-assignment

Folders and files, repository files navigation, github-assignment.

Assignment Front Page Format, Design, and PDF File

Today we are sharing the assignment first page format for schools and college students. This format very useful for students for their assignment submission in school, college and university. You can also download this assignment front page design in word file format.

Note: There is a no specific and pre-defined format for assignment cover page. The front page of assignment define by school, college, university, etc. But there is general format for assignment submission which is use globally. You can change or modified this format according to you.

1. Assignment Front Page Format

2. assignment cover page design.

3. Download Assignment Design PDF & Word File

Here you can download the assignment front page format in word download. You can easily download assignment design file and edit it as per your need. You can also find this files in your Microsoft Office. Choose you best assignment front page design and impress your teachers or professors.

Source File & Credit: Microsoft Office

Use Microsoft Word to edit this file. You can easily edit this file in Microsoft Office. Replace the file with your college name, logo, etc.

Assignment is a very crucial part in academic. Your project report front page or assignment first page design play an important role like first impression is last impression. If you impress your processor or teacher then you will score good mark.

See More: General Topics for Presentation

AFRY secures owner’s engineering assignment for large-scale solar power project in the Philippines

Aboitiz solar power, inc., a subsidiary of aboitiz power corporation (aboitizpower) has appointed afry as the owner’s engineer for the construction of a 172 mwp solar photovoltaic (pv) plant including grid interconnection works. the project, located in negros occidental in the philippines, aims to feed renewable energy into the visayas grid..

AboitizPower is one of the biggest power companies in the Philippines and the Calatrava project is one of the five projects in its portfolio of solar power projects which has nearly 1,000 MW of renewable energy projects in the pipeline, with plans to build at least 3,700 MW by 2030.

Spanning approximately 143 hectares of relatively flat terrain with rolling slopes, the Calatrava project will utilise a fixed ground-mounted solar installation and is planned to be connected via 230kV voltage to the Calatrava substation.

AFRY will play a key role in the project by providing project management assistance, design review and support services during the construction and commissioning of the solar power plant, including the interconnection facility up to the Calatrava substation. The project aims to export electricity to the grid by the end of 2024.

“AFRY is proud to have been selected as the Owner’s Engineer in this major solar project. This partnership with AboitizPower underscores AFRY’s commitment to advancing sustainable energy solutions and supporting the Philippines’ transition towards a cleaner and greener future”, says Nicky Gemperle, President of AFRY Philippines.

AFRY stands as one of the largest power sector engineering consulting companies in the Philippines, supporting the country’s transition towards clean energy by serving project owners, lenders and contractors with technical, market and environmental and social advisory services, Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM), and operation and maintenance consultancy.

Learn more about AFRY’s operations in the Philippines

In the Philippines, AFRY has been involved in a wide spectrum of energy sector projects. This includes ground-mounted, floating and rooftop solar PV, onshore and offshore wind power, battery storage, hydropower, pumped storage systems, biomass, and natural gas power plants, liquified natural gas (LNG) terminals, LNG-to-Power, nuclear power and transmission and distribution grids. Overall, AFRY has successfully completed over 220 power sector assignments in the Philippines, showcasing a strong commitment to sustainable solutions to accelerate the country’s transition to a clean energy future. 

For more information, please contact:

Petteri Härkki, Regional Director Asia, Renewable Energy and Thermal Power [email protected]

Nicky Gemperle, President, AFRY Philippines [email protected]

Virginia Ferrari, Communications Manager, Energy [email protected]

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