technical writing essay ideas

8 Technical Writing Examples to Inspire You

Become a Certified Technical Writer

As a technical writer, you may end up being confused about your job description because each industry and organization can have varying duties for you. At times, they may ask for something you’ve never written before. In that case, you can consider checking out some technical writing examples to get you started.

If you’re beginning your technical writing career, it’s advisable to go over several technical writing examples to make sure you get the hang of it. You don’t necessarily have to take a gander over at industry-specific examples; you can get the general idea in any case.

This article will go over what technical writing is and some of the common technical writing examples to get you started. If you’re looking to see some examples via video, watch below. Otherwise, skip ahead.

If you’re looking to learn via video, watch below. Otherwise, skip ahead.

Let’s start by covering what technical writing is .

What Exactly is Technical Writing?

Technical writing is all about easily digestible content regarding a specialized product or service for the public. Technical writers have to translate complex technical information into useful and easy-to-understand language.

There are many examples of technical writing, such as preparing instruction manuals and writing complete guides. In some cases, technical writing includes preparing research journals, writing support documents, and other technical documentation.

The idea is to help the final user understand any technical aspects of the product or service.

In other cases, technical writing means that the writer needs to know something. For example, pharmaceutical companies may hire medical writers to write their content since they have the required knowledge.

If you’re interested in learning more about these technical writing skills, then check out our Technical Writing Certification Course.

8 Technical Writing Examples to Get You Started

As a technical writer, you may have to learn new things continually, increase your knowledge, and work with new forms of content. While you may not have experience with all forms of technical writing, it’s crucial to understand how to do it.

If you learn all the intricacies of technical writing and technical documents, you can practically work with any form of content, given that you know the format.

Therefore, the following examples of technical writing should be sufficient for you to get an idea. The different types of technical writing have unique characteristics that you can easily learn and master effectively.

1. User Manuals

User manuals or instruction manuals come with various products, such as consumer electronics like televisions, consoles, cellphones, kitchen appliances, and more. The user manual serves as a complete guide on how to use the product, maintain it, clean it, and more. All technical manuals, including user manuals, have to be highly user-friendly. The technical writer has to write a manual to even someone with zero experience can use the product. Therefore, the target audience of user manuals is complete novices, amateurs, and people using the product/s for the first time.

Traditionally, user manuals have had text and diagrams to help users understand. However, user manuals have photographs, numbered diagrams, disclaimers, flow charts, sequenced instructions, warranty information, troubleshooting guides, and contact information in recent times.

Technical writers have to work with engineers, programmers, and product designers to ensure they don’t miss anything. The writer also anticipates potential issues ordinary users may have by first using the product. That helps them develop a first-hand experience and, ultimately, develop better user manuals.

The point of the user manual isn’t to predict every possible issue or problem. Most issues are unpredictable and are better handled by the customer support or help desk. User manuals are there to address direct and common issues at most.

You can check out some user manual examples and templates here . You can download them in PDF and edit them to develop an idea about how you can write a custom user manual for your product.

2. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Standard operating procedures are complete processes for each organization’s various tasks to ensure smoother operations. SOPs help make each process more efficient, time-saving, and less costly.

An SOP document can include:

Everything from the method of processing payroll.
Hiring employees.
Calculating vacation time to manufacturing guidelines.

In any case, SOPs ensure that each person in an organization works in unison and uniformly to maintain quality.

SOPs help eliminate irregularities, favoritism, and other human errors if used correctly. Lastly, SOPs make sure employees can take the responsibilities of an absent employee, so there’s no lag in work.

Therefore, developing SOPs requires a complete study of how an organization works and its processes.

Here are some examples of standard operating procedures you can study. You can edit the samples directly or develop your own while taking inspiration from them.

3. Case Studies & White Papers

Case studies and white papers are a way of demonstrating one’s expertise in an area. Case studies delve into a specific instance or project and have takeaways proving or disproving something. White papers delve into addressing any industry-specific challenge, issue, or problem.

Both case studies and white papers are used to get more business and leads by organizations.

Technical writers who write white papers and case studies need to be experts in the industry and the project itself. It’s best if the technical writer has prior experience in writing such white papers.

The writing style of white papers and case studies is unique, along with the formatting. Both documents are written for a specific target audience and require technical writing skills. Case studies are written in a passive voice, while white papers are written in an active voice. In any case, it’s crucial to maintain a certain level of knowledge to be able to pull it off.

You can check out multiple white paper examples here , along with various templates and guides. You can check out some examples here for case studies, along with complete templates.

4. API Documentation

API documentation includes instructions on effectively using and integrating with any API, such as web-API, software API, and SCPIs. API documentation contains details about classes, functions, arguments, and other information required to work with the API. It also includes examples and tutorials to help make integration easier.

In any case, API documentation helps clients understand how it works and how they can effectively implement API. In short, it helps businesses and people interact with the code more easily.

You can find a great example of proper API documentation in how Dropbox’s API documentation works. You can learn more about it here .

5. Press Releases

Press releases are formal documents issued by an organization or agency to share news or to make an announcement. The idea is to set a precedent for releasing any key piece of information in a follow-up press conference, news release, or on a social media channel.

The press release emphasizes why the information is important to the general public and customers. It’s a fact-based document and includes multiple direct quotes from major company stakeholders, such as the CEO.

Usually, press releases have a very specific writing process. Depending on the feasibility, they may have an executive summary or follow the universal press release format.

You can find several examples of press releases from major companies like Microsoft and Nestle here , along with some writing tips.

6. Company Documents

Company documents can include various internal documents and orientation manuals for new employees. These documents can contain different information depending on their use.

For example, orientation manuals include:

The company’s history.
Organizational chart.
List of services and products.
Map of the facility.
Dress codes.

It may also include employee rights, responsibilities, operation hours, rules, regulations, disciplinary processes, job descriptions, internal policies, safety procedures, educational opportunities, common forms, and more.

Writing company documents requires good technical writing skills and organizational knowledge. Such help files assist new employees in settling into the company and integrating more efficiently.

Here are some great examples of orientation manuals you can check out.

7. Annual Reports

Annual reports are yearly updates on a company’s performance and other financial information. Annual reports directly correspond with company stakeholders and serve as a transparency tool.

The annual reports can also be technical reports in some cases. However, mostly they include stock performance, financial information, new product information, and key developments.

Technical writers who develop annual reports must compile all the necessary information and present it in an attractive form. It’s crucial to use creative writing and excellent communication skills to ensure that the maximum amount of information appears clearly and completely.

If the company is technical, such as a robotics company, the technical writer needs to develop a technical communication method that’s easy to digest.

You can check out some annual report examples and templates here .

8. Business Plans

Every company starts with a complete business plan to develop a vision and secure funding. If a company is launching a new branch, it still needs to start with a business plan.

In any case, the business plan has a few predetermined sections. To develop the ideal business plan, include the following sections in it.

Executive Summary – includes the business concept, product, or service, along with the target market. It may also include information on key personnel, legal entity, founding date, location, and brief financial information.
Product or Service Description – includes what the offering is, what value it provides, and what stage of development it is in currently.
Team Members – includes all the information on the management team.
Competitor and Market Analysis – includes a detailed analysis of the target market and potential competitors.
Organizational System – includes information on how the organizational structure would work.
Schedules – include start dates, hiring dates, planning dates, and milestones.
Risks and Opportunities – include profit and loss predictions and projections.
Financial Planning – includes planned income statements, liquidity measures, projected balance sheet, and more.
Appendix – includes the organizational chart, resumes, patents, and more.

The technical writer needs to work closely with the company stakeholders to develop a complete business plan.

According to your industry, you can check out hundreds of business plan samples and examples here .

Becoming an Expert Technical Writer

Becoming an expert technical writer is all about focusing on your strengths. For example, you should try to focus on one to two industries or a specific form of technical writing. You can do various writing assignments and check out technical writing samples to understand what you’re good with.

You can also check out user guides and get online help in determining your industry. Once you’ve nailed down an industry and technical writing type, you can start to focus on becoming an expert in it.

In any case, it always helps to check out technical writing examples before starting any project. Try to check out examples of the same industry and from a similar company. Start your writing process once you have a complete idea of what you need to do.

Since technical writing involves dealing with complex information, the writer needs to have a solid base on the topic. That may require past experience, direct technical knowledge, or an ability to understand multiple pieces of information quickly and effectively.

In becoming a technical writer, you may have to work with various other people, such as software developers, software engineers, human resources professionals, product designers, and other subject matter experts.

While most organizations tend to hire writers with a history in their fields, others opt for individuals with great writing skills and team them up with their employees.

Technical writers may also work with customer service experts, product liability specialists, and user experience professionals to improve the end-user experience. In any case, they work closely with people to develop digestible content for the end customers.

Today, you can also find several technical writers online. There is an increasing demand for technical writing because of the insurgence of SaaS companies, e-commerce stores, and more.

In the end, technical writers need to have a strong grasp of proper grammar, terminology, the product, and images, graphics, sounds, or videos to explain documentation.

If you are new to technical writing and are looking to break-in, we recommend taking our Technical Writing Certification Course , where you will learn the fundamentals of being a technical writer, how to dominate technical writer interviews, and how to stand out as a technical writing candidate.

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Writing Tips

A Guide to Technical Writing (With Examples)

4-minute read

5th May 2023

You can find technical writing in lots of places, including in your home, at your job, in many industries, and in businesses of all sizes. If you need help with business writing specifically, check out how we can assist you .

In today’s post, we’ll break down what technical writing is and how to do it effectively. We’ll also provide some handy examples.

What Is Technical Writing?

Technical writing doesn’t always look very technical! It can be anything that describes how to do a task or how to operate a machine or system. Or it can cover a specialized topic. Technical writing includes recipes in your favorite cookbook, board game instructions, operator manuals, health and safety regulations, legal documents, and financial reports.

Instructions for Carrying Out a Task

This type of technical writing can be a recipe for a cake, the instructions for a board game, tips on how to walk your dog to heel, or the script for a social media video on how to cut your own hair.

Operating Manuals for Machinery, Appliances, or Systems

Technical writing can also be the user guide for a dishwasher, for a factory machine that makes cardboard boxes, a “how to” guide for spreadsheets, or instructions for changing the oil in your motorcycle.

Specialized Topics

The list here could be very, very long! Technical writing on specialized topics includes a company’s business reports, a medical consultant’s letter to a patient, health and safety regulations, employment policies, and legal documents.

So How Do I Produce a Great Piece of Technical Writing?

Let’s take it in three stages: Who? What? How?

Who Is It For?

In any type of writing, knowing your audience is important. This is particularly true of technical writing. Here are some examples of who might read technical writing:

· A renter of an apartment that needs details on their lease

· An electrical engineer who needs to know how the wiring is laid out in the apartment block

· The janitor of that same building who needs to know the location of the emergency lights

· The occupant of apartment 61, who needs to know how to use the oven in their kitchen

They all need information presented to them, but what information do they need?

What Do They Need?

The renter needs a legal document that leaves no room for doubt about their legal rights and obligations and those of their landlord. The document will be very detailed, containing terms that need careful explanation.

The electrical engineer needs accurate, clear information about the wiring, as they could get hurt or cause harm to someone else if the diagram is inaccurate.

The janitor needs clear directions and a map of where the emergency lights are.

The occupant of apartment 61 needs instructions that are written in plain English so they can use their oven safely.

How Should Technical Writing Be Composed?

Follow these steps when writing a technical document:

· Research and know your subject thoroughly.

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· Decide on the appropriate writing style. Just because it’s technical, doesn’t mean it has to contain lots of jargon . Be concise, be direct, and be straightforward.

· Consider whether you need to include diagrams, maps, images, charts, and/or tables.

· If writing instructions, take it one step at a time, write objectively , and make sure the instructions work!

Examples of Technical Writing

Let’s look at some examples:

The first version contains unnecessary words, but the warnings are not specific enough. The instructions should be concise and clear. In the second version, the danger is stated right away, and the critical warnings are concise and specific.

In these examples, the first version is unnecessarily wordy. It provides a lot of detail for minor tasks but gives vague instructions for bigger tasks. The second version is much clearer. The instructions are easier to follow, and they include each necessary step.

Good technical writing needs the following attributes:

1. Relevance

2. Accuracy

4. Accessibility

5. Simplicity

Really good technical writing will include these attributes every time.

Is technical writing difficult?

Technical writing does not have to be difficult if you follow our guide and do your research beforehand.

Are there professional bodies for technical writers?

There are several professional organizations for technical writing. This list from UTA Libraries is very useful.

What can I do if I’m not sure that my technical writing style is appropriate to my subject?

We have experts in many fields who can check your writing and advise on style .

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649 Technology Essay Topics & Research Titles + Examples

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Are We too Dependent on Technology?
Information and Communication Technology in Education
Is Digital Technology Making Children’s Life Better?
How Technology Affects Our Daily Life
Essay about New Technology and Its Impact
Impact of Technology on the Communication
Apple Inc. Affected by Globalization and Technology
Smart House System Technology Explained Smart House is a term used to describe a house that has Computer Controlled Automation System that controls various functions in a house such as appliances and lighting.
How Technology Advances Influences Crime Rates? There is a risk in overuse of technology since it causes mistrust and cynicism where fear of crime is replaced by fear of authority.
The Role of Technology in Operations Management The benefits of technology can be seen directly associated with facilitating the processes and the resources, which operations management is directly handling.
Technology and Its Impact on Humanity The paper discusses new technological developments and their impact with a special focus on Internet technology.
Science and Technology in Ancient Civilizations This paper is a consummate discourse on the role of the scientific and technological advancements in the development of the ancient civilizations.
Ancient Ways of Communication Before Technology This informational essay is devoted to the investigation of a wide range of communication means used by people in ancient times from the pre-writing period until the development of alphabets.
Communication Technology and Globalization Growth in communication networks brought out by information technology witnessed a stream of expansion of products and ideas breaking geographic boundaries.
Ethics in Information and Communications Technology Design and application of ICTs in our society also come with serious ethical issues which cause dilemmas on whether to fully adopt such technologies.
Food Technology Importance in Modern Days The Institute of Food Technologists defines food technology as the application of food science, including biological, chemical, and physical makeups.
Using Technology in Everyday Life: Pros and Cons Modern technologies are being actively introduced at a rapid pace, which affects many aspects of everyday life.
Technology to Enhance Education in Jamaica The current essay seeks to identify the innovative use of digital tools in Jamaica’s classrooms that were mentioned in the “Innovative use of technology to enhance education.”
Modern Trends in Information Technology In recent years, there has been a complete technological overhaul in both hardware and software, which has led to improvement in the IT industry in terms of accuracy.
Technology is the Future of Education The paper aims, through an analysis of literature on the subject, to share recommendations on implementing digital tools into education processes.
Technology and Interpersonal Communication This article explores the impact of technology on interpersonal communication, discusses how technology has changed the way people interact and communicate with each other.
Negative Effects of Technology on Society The speedy insurgency in technology has extremely influenced the societal daily life both negatively and positively. It becomes intolerable to refute technology.
Drones Technology: PESTEL Analysis This study presents a market exploration structure known as the PESTEL analysis model. At the back of the continued pace of aviation technology, drones have become important tools in every industry.
Is Access to Technology Worth the Potential Loss of Privacy? The problem of data privacy is one of the most worrying topics for modern people since technology and the Internet is used in almost all areas of people’s lives.
Technology of the Past and Present The Internet and social media shape our mindsets and the perceptions of life goals that we obtain while interacting with others.
Information Technology Implications for Military A critical association exists between military technology, its tactics, and the psychological characteristics that connect its users into units, dating back to the dawn of history.
Children’s Use of Technology and Social Media: Essay Example Research conducted in various nations indicates that children and teenagers spend most of their time on social media sites than they do on other websites and mobile sites.
Technology in Nursing Practice The patient care environment has changed significantly because of the introduction of technology in nursing practice. Many nurses use technology to provide quality patient care.
The Impact of Technology on Mental Health The paper uncovers the consequences of technology use on mental health. It examines the relationship between technology use and mental illnesses.
The Healthcare Manager’s Role in Information Technology Management This article focuses on the role that a healthcare manager plays in ensuring the efficient execution of medical operations through the use of new technologies.
The Impact of Modern Technology on Business In the twentieth century business models and firms cannot properly exist without being introduced to the present technological advancements.
Apple Products and Technology Adoption Lifecycle The technology Adoption Model describes the lifecycle of a given product from the moment it first enters the market to the time it saturates it.
Virtual Reality: The Technology of the Future The contemporary inclination in virtual reality is to combine the two user interfaces to generate an absolutely immersive and combined experience.
The Cloud Computing Technology Cloud computing is a new technology that is currently viewed as one of the major items in computing. It involves using information technology as a service over the network.
Music Industry: The Impact of Technology While technology has many positive impacts on the music industry, it poses certain obstacles. In recent years, technology has transformed the music industry.
Freshippo Company’s Innovation and Technology-Driven Business Model This paper discusses the innovative business model of Freshippo, a grocery store that started in China in 2016 and has since expanded to 13 cities in the country.
Global Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages The essay considers the advantages and disadvantages of technology and establishes two arguments for how the global issue should be addressed.
Climate Change: The Impact of Technology The most evident effect of technology on climate change is the possibility of finding new solutions to climate change problems.
Science and Technology in Shaping of the Modern World Science refers to the systematic study of how the physical and natural world operates through experiments and observations.
Modern Technology for Children: Causes and Effects The 21st century is the most knowledge-intensive period in human history up to date. Computer technology is utilized in virtually every field of labor and practice.
Do Technologies Harm Our Minds?
How Can Technology Help Mental Health Professionals?
Does Technology Help Increase the Level of Participation in Middle School Students?
How Can Blockchain Technology Disrupt the Existing Business Models?
Does Technology Hold the Key to Improved Life Expectancy?
How Did Technology Affect the Plains Indias?
How Are the American Classrooms Dealing with Technology?
How Does Technology Help Preserve the History and Make It Accessible While Keeping Its Integrity and Credibility?
Does Technology Affects Culture or Does Culture Affect Technology?
How Are Finance Globalisation and Technology Related?
How Does the Basic Physics of LCD Technology and Plasma Work?
How Blockchain Technology Would Disrupt the Gig Economy?
How Computer Technology Changed Individuals’ Lifestyles?
Does Technology Affect Human Communication?
How Did Big Data Analytics Merge into Technology?
How Do Technology Affect Sports and the Athlete’s Performance?
How Countries Used Technology during World War I?
How Does Excessive Technology Affect the Academics of Youths?
Has Technology Compromised Our Sexual and Social Life?
How Does Digital Technology Reduce Cost in Movie Industrial?
How Has Technology Contributed to Globalisation?
Has Technology Hindered the Upcoming Generation’s Ability to Communicate?
Does the Modern World Place Too Much Reliance on Technology?
How Does Information Technology Change in Business Environment?
How Can Cam Technology Aid in Manufacturing?
Science and Technology Roles in Society Science and technology have played critical roles in transforming society, particularly in the transport and communication sector.
Impact of the Light Bulb Invention on Society and Technology It was the light bulb that made people’s society, culture, and world what they are and gave the world not only illuminated cities but also digitalization and the Internet.
How Technology Has Affected Education Educational technology has greatly developed and has made both teachers and students successful as well as reforming schools.
The Impact of Technology on Globalization The paper states that advances in technology have contributed to the main forces behind globalization. Organizations are compelled to become global.
Does Technology Promote Loneliness? Today, most people tend to overuse their smartphones, and they are often more focused on their devices than on communication with each other.
Science and Technology: Challenges and Opportunities The recent advancement in science and technology has created opportunities and various challenges in different sectors of the economy.
Career Aspirations in Information Technology In the author’s opinion, being a qualified professional in the field of Information Technology is a challenging yet rewarding task.
Robotics Technology in the Workplace The research paper discusses different ways in which the development of robotic technology has changed the lives of people in the workplace, both positively and negatively.
How Technology Increases One’s Job Productivity Business industries today cannot do without the use of modern technologies. Many industries closely follow the development of science.
Status of Body Shop and Technology Used in Cosmetics Sector Marketing The paper explores the Body Shop’s current use of technology in marketing cosmetic products and how marketing activities and the market are impacted by modern technology.
Do Computer Technology Make Financial Intermediaries Extinct? Technological innovations are unlikely to result in the extinction of financial intermediaries; the probable outcome is that they will undergo tremendous changes.
Development of Technology. Future Prospects of Technology in the Next 10 Years Technology has been proved the most significant factor for every businessman how it helps to develop higher productivity and lower labor costs along with the massive profits.
Technology and Warfare Technology does not produce and develop on its own, but rather is produced and developed quite purposefully and consciously by thinking beings with specific ends in mind.
Digital Technology in My Life Digital technology has become a part of my life, but I still differentiate between the digital and real-world, although for some, this line is already blurred.
Technology History: The Cost of Technological Advances Technological growth has led to the development of products that mankind would have never thought. This paper will look at some of the costs associated with technological growth.
The Role of Technology in Architecture With the introduction of technology in both techniques and tools used, architecture is not the modern architecture has attained a different status.
Information Technology Field and Disciplines The information technology field may be currently regarded as a rapidly growing sphere that offers respectable and secure positions for people with related academic credentials.
Apple and Technology Adoption Model Apple Inc. is an American tech company producing smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and other devices with a broad range of accessories for them.
Impacts of Technology on Cognitive Development of Children and Adolescents The extensive increase in web use among teens has given rise to awareness of the effects of the utilization of technology and how it influences children.
Unethical Use of Technology and Biblical Views The unethical use of technology allowed the team to achieve more solid results. The author of the article also provides other examples of technology fraud that border on ethics.
The Effect Technology on International Relations With information technology, different countries have come to realize the benefits of trade; for sustainable trade, good relations among the trading partners are required.
How Technology Is Destroying Education According to research conducted recently in Britain, many students drop out of school because of over-exposure to the Internet.
Does Technology Mean Progress or Not Technology does not necessarily mean progress, but it can help society progress and develop further if utilized appropriately.
Technology in Burning Chrome by William Gibson Technology is not only a global achievement but also a phenomenon that can break down the line between man and the real world.
Information Technology Impact on the Environment Effects on the environment can be economical. Information technology has transformed the business environment by expediting it instead of enhancing the relationship.
Advantages of Computer Technology in Healthcare The emergence of computer technology within healthcare is the catalyst of changes that began to display the improvement of medical procedures and care quality.
E-Commerce and Digital Technology for Small Businesses With proper customer value and cash flow management, E-commerce has helped small businesses incur a significant increase in revenue and better customer awareness.
Factors Affecting Technology Uses in Schools The article chronicles a study that was carried out to determine the level of technology use in a sample of nineteen schools.
Modern Technology and Engineering: The Prospects for the Development Regarded as the most well-developed sphere of industry at the moment, the telecommunication sphere suggests a wide variety of novelties that can ease one’s life and save time.
Negative Impacts of Technology and Social Media on Young People’s Lives Social media has caused far-reaching negative repercussions on the lives of young people. Particularly, the negative effects of addition to SNS, related mental health issues, etc.
Influence of Technology on Students’ Communication and Learning Technology has had a significant impact on communication among students, the methods of obtaining the information they need, and learning modes.
Issues with Modern Technology in Airport Security aviation uses various technologies that help to check passengers and their baggage faster and more accurately, which ensures their safety
Technology Impact on Generation Z Technology has positively affected the learning and interaction of Gen-Z through various innovations; however, it has shortcomings to the well-being of these individuals.
How Technology Has Changed Communication? Social networks have made communication simpler, faster and better by enhancing accessibility in both social and business fields.
Benefits of Sustainable Technology and Living Modern society suffers greatly from technological revolutions and innovations which ruin natural environment and kill out Planet.
Ethical Issues in Information Technology IT ethics may be defined as an analysis of the impact of information technology on the profession and society at large.
Criminology and Impact of Automation Technology The sole objective of this study is to determine to what extent automation is embraced by law agencies and authorities to solve crimes with a faster and more accurate technique.
Information Technology in an Organization The main applications such as Personnel Management System, Inventory Management, General Administration, etc. are fully dependent on modern IT systems.
The Effects of Modern Technology on Children The rapid development of the technology industry has various consequences, including both positive implications and negative manifestations of progress.
Modern Technology and Human’s Ability to Think With the rapid improvement of technologies that resolve a substantial number of tasks, a question of deterioration of the human ability to think and make decisions arises.
Does technology contribute to social isolation?
Society’s development falls behind technological advancements.
Can violent video games be considered a form of artistic expression?
Smartphones harm children’s cognitive and social development.
Is technology contributing to growing income inequality?
Should social media platforms be responsible for preventing cyberbullying?
Biometric surveillance: does it enhance security or infringe upon privacy?
Do automation and robotics threaten job security?
Should screen time for children and adolescents be legally regulated?
Should coding and technology literacy classes be mandatory in schools?
Information Technology Applications in Healthcare Health IT applications as the most advanced tool that can potentially be used for enhancing patient education through patient-nurse communication.
Advancement in Technology: Invention of the Television This paper seeks to discuss the phenomenon of the invention era, the circumstances leading to the invention, and its evolution.
Social Relations After Impact of Technology Although technology has improved people’s lives, it has contributed to a myriad of social challenges, calling for intervention measures from individual and societal levels.
Technology Impact on Communication The essay will cover the key factors that changed the way people communicate and advantages and disadvantages of modern innovations in people’s everyday lives.
Will Technology Eventually Replace Human Labor? Automation of work can lead to an increase in the number of jobs, new job opportunities, and overall prosperity in the future.
The Advancements in Electric Car Technology This paper explores the advancements and improvements in electric car technology based on practical, environmental, and innovative aspects.
Drones and Robotic Technology Drone technology is an example of a cutting-edge technology. It is the end-result of combining or modifying earlier forms of scientific knowledge.
Pessimism v Progress: Technology and Society The Economist article “Pessimism v progress; Technology and society” comments on the phenomenon of techno-pessimism, the worldview that has spread throughout recent years.
How Technology Affects Face-To-Face Interactions One of the greatest hazards of using technology, as a way of communication, is the creation of an illusion in the mind that one has many friends.
Darktrace vs. Crowdstrike: Technology Strategies Darktrace and CrowdStrike seem to be very different as far as their technology and marketing strategies are concerned.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology in Education The main idea of the paper is ‘The use of information and communication technology in education’. The Paper is based on the advantages of information and communication technologies.
The Impact of Information Technology on the Human Communication This paper discusses the potential impact of information communication technology on human communication in business in the next 10-15 years.
Renewable Energy Technology in Egypt Climate change has made renewable energy a global priority to replace fossil fuel which continues to impact the environment negatively.
S-Curve Technology in 3D Printing This paper briefly discusses one of the most famous modern innovations, 3D printing, with the perspective of the S-curve applied to it.
Applying Technology in the Classroom The paper describes how important is it that schools teach using iPads, Smart Boards, social media, and other new technologies.
Internet Technology: Creating a Website This paper is set to explain the way the internet has changed lives and its effect on the pace at which businesses are conducted all over the world today.
Fashion and Technology: Modern Fashion The consolidation of fashion and technology is becoming one of the most modern trends in the creative industry that need detailed research and identification of prospects.
Use of Technology in Arts and Music Industry Technology in art is a form of venture where artists use digital technologies to create their works and use tech as part of their creative or presenting process.
Management of Technology Innovations Technology advancements have been made in every sector of business and managers have a task to comprehend the technological innovations and how they affect business operations.
Information Technology Policies of the Healthcare Setting The document delineates the information and communication technology procedures of the healthcare setting and the framework for communicating and implementing these policies.
Health Information Technology Service Management One of the aspects of using new technology in medicine is HIT service management, which is a process of establishing a framework for IT-related systems and activities.
Technology’s Influences in Our Lives Modern technologies like mobile phones, television or computers, and its information technology have given human society a powerful force to make life more comfortable.
Using Technology in Human Resource Management The Human Resource is a necessary department in recruitment of employees, retention and development of the same.
Effects of Science and Technology in Modern World History Since 1500 This essay provides evidence in support of the thesis that the benefits of scientific and technological advancements have been higher than the cost as well as the negative effects.
Role of Information Technology in Airline Business The trend toward more aviation system interconnection and dependency is advantageous. It can also serve as a target for those looking to disrupt the sector and the global economy.
The Paradox of Progress and Technology The paradox of development and technology consists in the fact that new opportunities inevitably involve unprecedented challenges and problems.
Implementation of Technology System with Change Theory This paper will discuss implementing an electronic medical records system in the organization with Kurt Lewin’s change theory model that will guide the adoption of the new program.
The Positive and Negative Impact of Technology on Human Life Technology has become part and parcel of our day to day lives, human beings are heavily dependent upon technology. This paper will throw light upon some aspects of the use of technology.
The Role of Technology in Social Change In modern times, activism has changed due to the advent of the Internet because it has become much easier to share and spread information.
The Impediments to the Diffusion of the New Technology The paper states that simulation and e-learning face various obstacles to becoming fully adopted methods of employee training in business companies.
The Impact of Technology on the Social Institution of Health Technology changed the approach to health care delivery forever, but it is still unclear if this influence is mainly advantageous or leading to inequality.
Human Resources Management and How It Is Affected by Globalization and Technology? HRM functions have been widely affected by the changing trends around the world: various parts of the world are integrating, newer technologies and better concepts are evolving.
Population Growth and Technology The ability of the economy to sustain its citizens through the advanced technologies lays a good background for population growth.
Wireless Technology and Applications Technology is the application of technical expertise to improve the efficiency and convenience of achieving tasks that would otherwise be burdensome.
Information Technology and Banking Sector IT has influenced two dissimilar areas in banking, including communication and connectivity, together with business progression reengineering.
Digital Technology Is Changing Childhood There is a clear trend towards increased digital technology use in minors. In recent decades everyone has grown attached to their smart device, younger generations in particular.
United Parcel Service: Information Technology Management Plan The operations of UPS are also designed to make the enterprise financially sound by improving employee buy-in through a broad employee ownership formula.
The Value of Technology The paper explains that although technology is facilitating better interactions among people of the world, it is also facilitating more wastage of natural resources.
Pop Art and Modern Technology in Artworks In the postmodernism of pop art, the consumer society obtains triumph and manages to colonize every form of art.
Technology, Distance Education, and Its Quality This paper examines major issues associated with technology and distance learning and how they impact on the quality of education offered to learners.
The impact of virtual reality on education.
The role of big data in shaping business strategies.
The environmental consequences of e-waste.
The potential applications of blockchain technology in supply chains.
Inequalities in technology access across socioeconomic groups.
The role of technology in disaster management.
The impact of technological innovations on journalism.
The benefits and challenges of quantum computing.
Cryptocurrencies’ potential to disrupt financial markets.
Genetic engineering of plants for biofuel production.
Siri: Controversy Technology It is important to point out that Facebook’s policies are not legislative laws, but rather rules created by the company for its users and partners.
Medical Technology and Its Impact on Patients Patient safety is a new medical care discipline, which stresses on giving of the right information, examination, prevention and control of medical mistakes.
Impacts of Technology on Love Technology has had great impact on the attraction, love and sexual motivation and so the reason for the paper.
Music Industry and Information Technology The music industry is a term used to describe a wide range of music-related businesses and/or organizations, and various types of musicians.
Technology-Based Crime and Its Management In the modern world of science and technology, new developments and advancements have changed life and style of living tremendously.
QR Codes as a Physical Marketing Technology The paper overviews QR Codes and outlines the potential of the technology for marketing using physical media with a focus on digital tracking of physical marketing.
Technology and Interpersonal Communication The use of technology in communication has improved the quality and quantity of communication and promoted human relations in the society.
Educational Technology Internship Proposal This proposal is aligned with Technology Facilitator Standards to address the major aspects of the Internship work which are Leadership and Needs Assessment.
The Impact of Technology in “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin It is possible to interpret Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” as a critique and cautionary tale about technology, particularly the railroad and the telegraph.
The Impact of Technology on American Popular Culture in the 20th Century The work aims to examine how the development of technology influenced the popular culture of America in the twentieth century.
Apple and Samsung Firms’ Technology Innovation Apple, Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd are in a business struggle that began in 2010. Both businesses are continually converging and changing from a business model standpoint.
Communication in the Era of Technology Modernization has improved the work of many organizations and social institutions, but technology has affected the deterioration of individuals’ communication abilities.
The Outcomes of World War II: Impact of Technology World War II’s scientific and technological accomplishments were among the most significant and long-lasting effects of a struggle that affected every aspect of society.
Consuming Technology: Why Marketers Sometimes Get It Wrong The article “Consuming Technology: Why Marketers Sometimes Get It Wrong” provides insight into the role of marketing in the promotion of technology.
Technology Impact on Behavior of Different Generations The purpose of this study is to find out why there are such vast disparities between generations and why technology influenced each one.
Innovation and Technology Cycles in Organizations The popularity of technology in manufacturing has led to many organizations relying almost entirely on it for all their operations.
Technology Acceptance Model One of the most successful theories for exploring and examining technology acceptance is the Technology Acceptance Model.
Personal Isolation and Technology in Communication Technology is an interruption to physical communication and promotes personal isolation, as well as anti-socialism.
Technology as a Tool for Governments Currently the government is using technology contrary to the public’s interest. Through surveillance, the government has proved that technology can be abused.
Technology Structures and Social Boundaries Technology structure and social boundaries form the concept of organizational functioning and are aspects to consider when planning activities in companies.
Technology in Human Interpretation The thesis is that humans interpret technology in terms of ancient skepticism, enlightenment optimism, and romantic uneasiness.
The Sphere of Information Technology Information technology refers to the use of computers and software in managing information also referred to as management information services.
Bluetooth Wireless Technology and Its Impact on Human’s Life The aim of Bluetooth technology is to phase out cables as a connector to devices because they support direct communication amongst themselves, without having to use cables.
The Impact of Technology on Work and the Workforce The following paper ponders on the ways technology may be replacing human workers within the next two decades.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT): The Endnote X1 Program Through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), individuals, businesses, and corporations store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit and receive digital information.
Use of Technology by Teenagers for Emotional Support Teenagers use technology for emotional support to connect and communicate with their friends and families; however, it hinders their experience of separation and finding of self.
Information Systems, Enabling Technology or Strategic Weapon? This research examines the impact of Information Technology on Sainsbury and the extent to which IT has been able to improve the company’s strategic advantages.
Video and Audio Technology and Its Future The future of video and audio technology looks strong. Nowhere is this upward trend for video and audio conferencing more pronounced than in businesses.
The Future of Technology for Consumers As much as technological advances can simplify society’s life in certain aspects, they can make it more complicated in others and give rise to many ethical concerns.
Americans’ Obsession with Technology: The Key Reasons Americans are obsessed with technology because of accessibility, cultural trend, peer pressure, high levels of stress, and the desire to stay updated.
TechCrunch and MIT Technology Review Comparison Communication effectiveness is crucial in the modern world, where a broad range of information is available online.
Amazon.com: The State of Information Technology and Management At Amazon.com, the state of information system reveals that the company has gained a competitive advantage as the largest online retailer by using an e-commerce model of business.
Digital Divide. Technology Today The traditional definition of the digital divide describes it as the gap between people who have access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not
Sociotechnical Ensemble and Technology Theories The discussion of this paper seeks to illustrate the various ways in which technology is a socio-techno ensemble through analysis of the various theories of technology.
Complex Technology in Reality TV Shows We have reality shows with everything from finding the best stand-up comic, to facing our biggest phobias. Reality shows are a way of life for the television viewer of this era.
Amazon Company: RFID Technology Implementation Plan An evidence-based Radio-Frequency Identification technology implementation plan is suggested by this paper that can make a difference for Amazon and support its business goals.
Wireless Charging Technology’s Evaluation This evaluation report addressed to the VP is a critical analysis of the usability of wireless charging technology developed for smart devices.
Information Technology Oversight and Governance The activity of boards concerning IT differs in various companies because there are no foxed standards for governing the IT-sphere.
Impact of Technology: Nicholas Carr’s Views Nicholas Carr expresses concerns about the changes in reading patterns that we experience due to the Internet; it makes our reading less deep and shallower.
Communications: Technology and Personal Contact Technology is making communication easier in today’s world, but at the expense of personal contact as many people choose to interact from home in front of a computer screen.
Communication Technology: Impact on Personal Relationships
Tests on Personality: Materials, Scoring, and Technology
Issues of Technology: Online Behavior
Advantages of Instructional Technology
Development in Aircraft Landing Technology
Smartphone Technology in the Society
Impact of Technology on Business and Society
Emerging Technologies in Public Relations
Computer Technology and Business Needs
Industry and Agriculture: Use of Technology
Agriculture: Application of Information Technology
The Problem of Technology Addiction Among College Students
How Technology is Changing Our Lives
Impact of Technology on the Healthcare System
Fifth Wave of Technology
WestJet Company’s Information Technology Governance
How the iPhone Is Changing Technology?
Technology in Health Care: Current Trends
Second World War: Cause and Technology
Technology’s Influence on Design Evolution
Technology and Communication: The Impact of Information Technologies and the Lack of Personal Contact
Southwest Airlines – Impact of Innovation and Technology Management
Science and Technology in Society
Nokia-Technology Industry Analysis
Value Proposition of Smart Technology and Self-Driving Cars
The Impact of Using Technology in Teaching English as a Second Language
Journalism: Impact of the Internet and Technology
Engaging and Empowering Learning Through Technology
Green Technology: Comparison of Economic and Environmental Implications
Communication Technology Tools in Public Health Campaigns
Fundamentals of Information Technology
Cultural Artifacts in Age of Innovative Technology
Modern Technology and Children: Causes and Effects
Wells Fargo Company’s Technology and Training Systems
Volkswagen Company’s Information Technology
Technology in Information Mining
Adobe Inc. Demographics and Technology
Using Technology to Enhance Learning
The Expo 2020 Dubai and Technology Operation Centre
Human Resource Management: Technology and Its Impact
Globalization and Technology Impacts on Ethics
The Problem of Data Security in Information Technology
Life Expectancy and Technology
Is New Technology Making Us More or Less Intelligent?
Impact of Technology in the Classroom
Proposal Outline: Being Too Dependent on Technology
Agricultural Technology Implementation by Medieval Europeans and West Africans
Media and Communication Technology: The Positive and Negative Impacts
Evaluating Instructional Technology Resources for 21st Century Teaching Instructional Software
Prolonging Life With Technology
Information Technology: Code of Ethics
Facial Recognition Technology
Technology Integration, the Use of Technology
The Technology of Self-Driving Cars
Technology and Dating: Social Media and Committed Relationships
Biomass and Energy Crops and Technology
Technology and Medicine: Assessment
Incorporating Technology Into the Curriculum
Stem Cell Debate: Advantages and Disadvantages of Stem Cell Technology
Biomedical Technology and Innovation Issues
Hilton Hotels’ Information Technology Application
Technology Description Diary: The Use of Smartphone and Diary of Observations
Technology for Human Capability Development
Information Technology Enabled Online Learning
Strengthening Community Health Through Technology: Key Barriers
Computer Technology’s Impact on Personal Health
Protecting Public Anonymity as Issue in Technology
Impact of the Advanced Technology
Technology for Learning English as a Foreign Language
How Modern Technology Is Changing Us
The Health Information Technology
The Future of Jobs: Impact of Technology
How Technology Has Affected Communication
Negative Impact of Technology on Children
Symmetry in Sciences and Technology Studies
How Technology Has Changed the Home Improvement Industry
Hotel Guest Room Technology
Technology’s Impact on Workplace Conflict
Streaming Media Technology and Copyright and Related Rights Law
Effects of Technology on Policing In England and Wales
Information Technology Application: Electronic Health Record
Nursing Leadership, Technology, and Informatics
Dating in the World of Technology: What We Gain and We Lose
Architecture and Technology: The Essential Role of Sustainable Architecture
Technology and New Media: Transformation of Society
Communication Technology Business Units
Starbucks Company’s Information Technology Approaches
Artificial Technology’s Ethical, Social, Legal Issues
Journalism Future After Technology Change
Patient Education Technology in Health Care
Disney and Information Technology Infrastructure Library
Technology in English Language Institute Curriculum
Technology and Its Effects on Society
Technology Acquirement in Project Management
Ethics and Technology: Bots in Social Media
The Innovative Solutions Information Technology Startup
Information Technology in Healthcare
Technology Operations Centre’s Role in Expo 2020 Dubai
Health Information Technology in Nursing Home Setting
Interconnection of Nature, Society, and Technology
Information Technology Project Planning
RADAR Technology Analysis and Overview
History of Agricultural Technology Development
Technology and Its Impact on Society in Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World”
Advances in Freight Transportation Technology Throughout History
New Technology for the Human Body
Technology-Based Training and Learning Environment
Interrelationship and Coproduction of Science, Technology and Society
The History of Technology in Teaching History
Information Technology Application in Nursing
The Hong Kong Theatre Art Technology Festival
Technology: The Bias of Communication
Customer Scope of Influence and Technology Effect
Criminal Justice Technology
Aspects of Communicating With Technology
Health Information Technology
Technology of Synthesis of Genetically Modified Insulin
Information Technology Project Portfolio Management
Influence of Technology on Marketing of Music in the 20th Century
Online Education: Case Analysis, Technology and School Change
Consumer Adoption of Optus Company’s New Technology
Technology Industry and University Research
Dynamics of Ethics, Ethical Principles and the Technology of Ethics
Information Communication Technology and Managerial Work
Identifying Three Trends in Information Technology
Information Technology (IT) Industry Analysis
Telehealth: Barriers of the Technology Adoption
Health Information Systems and Information Technology
Ultrasound Technology and Intravenous Access Quality
Uber-U Education Technology for Global Connections
Information Technology Sourcing and Cloud Strategy
Technology and Learning Experience
Social Media: Science, Technology and Government
Implementation and Adoption of Health Information Technology
Technology in Learning and Its Social Relevance
Information Technology in Emergency Cardiac Care
LED Lighting and the Future of Lighting Technology
Goal Line Technology and Football
Information Technology’s Positive Impact on Medicine
Importance of Technology in H.R. Management
Potential Role of Technology to Resolve Low-Value Civil Claims
Women in Information Technology: Barriers and Challenges
Technology Changes and Influence on Society
How 911 Dispatcher Technology Has Reduced Healthcare Costs
Technical Writing in Information Technology
Aspects of Communications Technology
The Impact of Technology on the Police Patrol
Using Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Critical Care Medicine

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Near Field Communication Technology Application
Plastic Ban and Technology: Society’s Use of Plastic
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Science and Technology for Big Business in the 1880-90s
Business Disruptions for Information Technology Services
Supporting Innovative Technology Solutions’ Growth
Leadership, Technology and Nursing Informatics
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Health Information Technology: A Personal View
Cyber Security Process and Technology
Disruptive Technology: Big Data Analytics
Information Management Improving Patient Care Technology
Technology and Human Society and How They Are Related
Technology Tools in Early Childhood Programs
Samsung Products and the Impact of Technology on Marketing
Technology Application in Criminal Justice
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Large Firms and Technology. Chemistry
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Aspects of Virtual Reality Technology
Technology and Social Media Role in Customer Service
E-Shopping Market and Role of Technology
The Impact of a Car’s Technology on the Purchase Decision of a UK Customer
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Applying Internet Laws and Regulations to Educational Technology
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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 649 Technology Essay Topics & Research Titles + Examples. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/technology-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "649 Technology Essay Topics & Research Titles + Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/technology-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "649 Technology Essay Topics & Research Titles + Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/technology-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Technology were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 20, 2024 .

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7 best technical writing examples to improve your skills

Afoma Umesi

Gathercontent contributor, writer, 6 minute read.

Interviewed by:

Lead with Content

How to put content at the centre of digital transformation.

Padma Gillen

Digital Content Consultant

It’s no wonder that technical writing is a fast-growing field.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the employment of technical writers will grow up to 12% from 2020 to 2030–a pace that’s faster than the average for all occupations.

If you’re looking to improve your technical writing skills and break into the field but are unsure how to do it, this article will help.

We’ll show you what technical writing is, how to write a technical piece (step by step), and then share some of the best technical writing examples you’ll ever find.

What is technical writing?

Technical writing is any writing designed to explain complex, technical, and specialized information to audiences who may or may not be familiar with them . It is typically used in technical and occupational fields like engineering, robotics, computer hardware and software, medicine, finance, and consumer electronics.

Usually, technical writing falls into one of three categories depending on whom it’s written for:

Consumer-directed technical writing refers to technical content written for end-users or consumers. Good examples include user manuals, employee handbooks, standard operating procedures (SOP), software user documentation (help files), troubleshooting guides, and legal disclaimers .
Expert-to-expert technical writing is written chiefly for a knowledgeable audience. It includes scientific papers, medical case studies, annual business reports, and legal case reviews .
Technical marketing content is technical information presented in a digestible format to promote a product or service. Think marketing case studies, white papers, product brochures, press releases, and business plans and proposals .

Like most types of content , technical writing is complex and nuanced in its own way. Let’s break down the steps to writing technical content that appeals to your audience.

6 Steps to Writing a Technical Piece That People Actually Want to Read

Instruction manuals, assembly guides, and research papers, oh my . Technical writing can quickly turn into a snooze fest if not done correctly.

How do you create a technical piece that people want to read?

1. Identify Your Audience

Knowing your audience is super important, especially when writing technical content.

For example, the new dad learning to build his first crib may have a different level of medical knowledge (and sheer focus) than the experienced doctor reading a medical research paper.

When you have a clear idea of who you expect to read your piece, you can adjust your vocabulary, tone, and framing accordingly.

This allows you to meet your reader at their point of knowledge .

2. Dig Deep in Your Research

As a technical writer, you’ll be guiding your reader through entirely unfamiliar territory.

You might be explaining how a new electronic tool works, what to expect from their new workplace, or what happened before their firm took on a new legal case. It is essential that you fully understand your subject matter .

You can only teach what you know, and knowledge gaps show when you aren’t thorough in your research.

Place yourself in your readers’ shoes. Imagine you had zero knowledge of the topic at hand and ensure your research covers all potential questions that come to mind. ‍

💡 Tip : If you need help understanding your topic, work with subject matter experts. Here are three helpful resources for collaborating with SMEs:

How to create great content with busy Subject Matter Experts
How to collaborate with a Subject Matter Expert
How to get the content you need from subject matter experts

3. Create an Outline

We recommend creating an outline to give you a sense of what you need to cover in your piece. This can also help identify knowledge gaps as you conduct your research.

When you’re writing longer-form content like white papers or case studies, an outline can serve as a marker to remind you of what you need to include .

In lieu of an outline, you can use a template . Some technical writing, such as business plans, have industry-accepted formats, including sections like an executive summary and competitor analysis.

4. Focus on Readability

Technical writing is not creative writing—you're writing to teach, not inspire or entertain. When tackling complicated topics, using readable sentences can make your work more enjoyable to read .

On the other hand, if you’re verbose or use words that are hard to understand, you’ll only frustrate your reader. If you want to improve readability in technical content, try these tips:

Use simple language: Strive for shorter, direct sentences that are easy to follow, and avoid passive voice wherever possible.
Use subheadings: For longer-form content like user documentation, white papers, and research papers , adding subheadings can break up long text walls.
Add bolded sections and callouts: Bolding text and highlighting paragraphs or callouts for emphasis will make reading easier.
Hyperlinks and jump links: If you’re writing technical content for webpages, add hyperlinks to any material you reference and jump links to other sections of your piece for easier navigation.

5. Add Visuals

We’re all about the words and the writing, but visuals can make your technical writing easier to understand! In technical writing, adding visuals is less of a luxury and more of a necessity . Visuals such as flowcharts, screenshots, and illustrations can add a much-needed dose of cheer to text-heavy documents.

Whether you’re creating a user manual or annual report for stakeholders, everyone will be happier with product drawings showing the directions or a pie chart displaying the numbers.

6. Cut the Fluff

When you’ve got all the words on paper, it’s time to double-check the facts with collaborators . Don’t be afraid to cut unnecessary information during this writing phase.

How do you identify the fluff? Removing fluff doesn’t impact the readers’ understanding of your text. It could be a word, a sentence, a paragraph, or a step in the directions. Every word in your technical document should count.

7 of the Best Technical Writing Examples from Technical SMEs

With some help from a few technical content experts, we’ve chosen different forms of technical writing across various industries so you can see the skill in action.

Pipedrive’s Developer Documentation

pipedrive developer documentation - technical writing examples

Developer documentation is essential for technical communication, and Pipedrive does it well. This technical document is geared toward layman product users and must be easy to understand, even while providing complex information. Notice the use of jump links and the callout box on the page.

Outfunnel’s Head of Marketing, Katheriin Liibert says about Pipedrive’s technical writing,

Digimind Consumer Brand Footprint Ranking 2021 Report

Digimind white paper - technical writing examples

Digimind goes the extra mile with their visuals in this white paper/industry report . It’s eye-catching and information–all the while remaining thoroughly professional and readable. Being a B2B brand does not mean boring text-only marketing copy.

University of Wisconsin Onboarding Tool Kit

University of Wisconsin’s onboarding handbook - technical writing examples

This onboarding/employee handbook wins for being easy to read with short sentences and bullet points that improve readability. The human resources department also adds quick links to any relevant documents new employees need to download or fill out.

Cell Reports Medical Study

[Cell medical report - technical writing examples]

Yes, a medical research paper with pictures!

Dr. Sophia Milbourne , a stem cell biologist and freelance science communicator, appreciates that this paper is a “great summary of the subject matter.” More importantly, Milbourne mentions that

LG Refrigerator Manual

[LG user manual - technical writing examples]

This basic user manual from LG gives users an overview of their new product and helps them make the best use of it. (The diagram will come in handy when an online article tells you to adjust the control panel and you’re not sure which knob it is.)

Mashable India’s User Agreement

Mashable India legal user agreement - technical writing examples

This is an excellent example of a consumer-directed technical document. Mashable India’s user agreement is a technical legal document including their disclaimer, use license, and usage conditions.

Lawyer and content writer Ejike Umesi acknowledges that the company follows the numbered styling typical of these documents. He says,

Slack Help Center

The Slack Help Center is an excellent example of technical writing that speaks to the layman. Slack is known for its brilliant UX copywriting . Amruta Ranade, Staff Technical Writer for Airbyte, admires the company’s documentation writing style.

“Slack’s Help Center shows incredible user-awareness. The information displayed is contextual, concise, and complete–it helps the user accomplish their task without distracting them or sidetracking them with extraneous information.”

Ramp Up Your Technical Writing

Whether you’re looking to set up a personalized template or collaborate with multiple editors in real-time , GatherContent helps you elevate your technical writing workflow.

With GatherContent, you can build templates for any content you create, including case studies! GatherContent also has helpful resources for helping you and your team prioritize user-led content .

If you publish your content online , you can connect GatherContent to your CMS of choice for seamless exporting. Planning, creating, and sharing great technical content doesn’t have to be so… technical.

Start your GatherContent free trial today.

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Technical Writing for Beginners – An A-Z Guide to Tech Blogging Basics

If you love writing and technology, technical writing could be a suitable career for you. It's also something else you can do if you love tech but don’t really fancy coding all day long.

Technical writing might also be for you if you love learning by teaching others, contributing to open source projects and teaching others how to do so, too, or basically enjoy explaining complex concepts in simple ways through your writing.

Let's dive into the fundamentals and learn about what you should know and consider when getting started with technical writing.

In this article, we’ll be looking at:

What Technical writing is

Benefits of Technical Writing

Necessary skills to have as a Technical Writer

The Technical Writing Process

Platforms for publishing your articles

Technical Writing Courses

Technical Writing forums and communities
Some amazing technical writers to follow
Final Words and references

What is Technical Writing?

Technical writing is the art of providing detail-oriented instruction to help users understand a specific skill or product.

And a technical writer is someone who writes these instructions, otherwise known as technical documentation or tutorials. This could include user manuals, online support articles, or internal docs for coders/API developers.

A technical writer communicates in a way that presents technical information so that the reader can use that information for an intended purpose.

Technical writers are lifelong learners. Since the job involves communicating complex concepts in simple and straightforward terms, you must be well-versed in the field you're writing about. Or be willing to learn about it.

This is great, because with each new technical document you research and write, you will become an expert on that subject.

Technical writing also gives you a better sense of user empathy. It helps you pay more attention to what the readers or users of a product feel rather than what you think.

You can also make money as a technical writer by contributing to organizations. Here are some organizations that pay you to write for them , like Smashing Magazine , AuthO , Twilio , and Stack Overflow .

In addition to all this, you can contribute to Open Source communities and participate in paid open source programs like Google Season of Docs and Outreachy .

You can also take up technical writing as a full time profession – lots of companies need someone with those skills.

Necessary Skills to Have as a Technical Writer

Understand the use of proper english.

Before you consider writing, it is necessary to have a good grasp of English, its tenses, spellings and basic grammar. Your readers don't want to read an article riddled with incorrect grammar and poor word choices.

Know how to explain things clearly and simply

Knowing how to implement a feature doesn't necessarily mean you can clearly communicate the process to others.

In order to be a good teacher, you have to be empathetic, with the ability to teach or describe terms in ways suitable for your intended audience.

If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself. Albert Einstein

Possess some writing skills‌‌

I believe that writers are made, not born. And you can only learn how to write by actually writing.

You might never know you have it in you to write until you put pen to paper. And there's only one way to know if you have some writing skills, and that's by writing.

So I encourage you to start writing today. You can choose to start with any of the platforms I listed in this section to stretch your writing muscles.

And of course, it is also a huge benefit to have some experience in a technical field.

Analyze and Understand who your Readers are

The biggest factor to consider when you're writing a technical article is your intended/expected audience. It should always be at the forefront of your mind.

A good technical writer writes based on the reader’s context. As an example , let's say you're writing an article targeted at beginners. It is important not to assume that they already know certain concepts.

You can start out your article by outlining any necessary prerequisites. This will make sure that your readers have (or can acquire) the knowledge they need before diving right into your article.

You can also include links to useful resources so your readers can get the information they need with just a click.

In order to know for whom you are writing, you have to gather as much information as possible about who will use the document.

It is important to know if your audience has expertise in the field, if the topic is totally new to them, or if they fall somewhere in between.

Your readers will also have their own expectations and needs. You must determine what the reader is looking for when they begin to read the document and what they'll get out of it.

To understand your reader, ask yourself the following questions before you start writing:

Who are my readers?
What do they need?
Where will they be reading?
When will they be reading?
Why will they be reading?
How will they be reading?

These questions also help you think about your reader's experience while reading your writing, which we'll talk about more now.

Think About User Experience

User experience is just as important in a technical document as it is anywhere on the web.

Now that you know your audience and their needs, keep in mind how the document itself services their needs. It’s so easy to ignore how the reader will actually use the document.

As you write, continuously step back and view the document as if you're the reader. Ask yourself: Is it accessible? How will your readers be using it? When will they be using it? Is it easy to navigate?

The goal is to write a document that is both useful to and useable by your readers.

Plan Your Document

Bearing in mind who your users are, you can then conceptualize and plan out your document.

This process includes a number of steps, which we'll go over now.

Conduct thorough research about the topic

While planning out your document, you have to research the topic you're writing about. There are tons of resources only a Google search away for you to consume and get deeper insights from.

Don't be tempted to lift off other people's works or articles and pass it off as your own, as this is plagiarism. Rather, use these resources as references and ideas for your work.

Google as much as possible, get facts and figures from research journals, books or news, and gather as much information as you can about your topic. Then you can start making an outline.

Make an outline

Outlining the content of your document before expanding on it helps you write in a more focused way. It also lets you organize your thoughts and achieving your goals for your writing.

An outline can also help you identify what you want your readers to get out of the document. And finally, it establishes a timeline for completing your writing.

Get relevant graphics/images

Having an outline is very helpful in identifying the various virtual aids (infographics, gifs, videos, tweets) you'll need to embed in different sections of your document.

And it'll make your writing process much easier if you keep these relevant graphics handy.

Write in the Correct Style

Finally, you can start to write! If you've completed all these steps, writing should become a lot easier. But you still need to make sure your writing style is suitable for a technical document.

The writing needs to be accessible, direct, and professional. Flowery or emotional text is not welcome in a technical document. To help you maintain this style, here are some key characteristics you should cultivate.

Use Active Voice

It's a good idea to use active voices in your articles, as it is easier to read and understand than the passive voice.

Active voice means that the subject of the sentence is the one actively performing the action of the verb. Passive voice means that a subject is the recipient of a verb's action .

Here's an example of passive voice : The documentation should be read six times a year by every web developer.

And here's an example of active voice : Every web developer should read this documentation 6 times a year.

Choose Your Words Carefully

Word choice is important. Make sure you use the best word for the context. Avoid overusing pronouns such as ‘it’ and ‘this’ as the reader may have difficulty identifying which nouns they refer to.

Also avoid slang and vulgar language – remember you're writing for a wider audience whose disposition and cultural inclinations could differ from yours.

Avoid Excessive Jargon

If you’re an expert in your field, it can be easy to use jargon you're familiar with without realizing that it may be confusing to other readers.

You should also avoid using acronyms you haven't previously explained.

Here's an Example :

Less clear: PWAs are truly considered the future of multi-platform development. Their availability on both Android and iOS makes them the app of the future.

Improved: Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) are truly the future of multi-platform development. Their availability on both Android and iOS makes PWAs the app of the future.

Use Plain Language

Use fewer words and write in a way so that any reader can understand the text.‌‌ Avoid big lengthy words. Always try to explain concepts and terms in the clearest way possible.

Visual Formatting

A wall of text is difficult to read. Even the clearest instructions can be lost in a document that has poor visual representation.

They say a picture is worth a thousand words. This rings true even in technical writing.

But not just any image is worthy of a technical document. Technical information can be difficult to convey in text alone. A well-placed image or diagram can clarify your explanation.

People also love visuals, so it helps to insert them at the right spots. Consider the images below:

First, here's a blog snippet without visuals:

Here's a snippet of same blog, but with visuals:

Adding images to your articles makes the content more relatable and easier to understand. In addition to images, you can also use gifs, emoji, embeds (social media, code) and code snippets where necessary.

Thoughtful formatting, templates, and images or diagrams will also make your text more helpful to your readers. You can check out the references below for a technical writing template from @Bolajiayodeji.

Do a Careful Review

Good writing of any type must be free from spelling and grammatical errors. These errors might seem obvious, but it's not always easy to spot them (especially in lengthy documents).

Always double-check your spelling (you know, dot your Is and cross your Ts) before hitting 'publish'.

There are a number of free tools like Grammarly and the Hemingway app that you can use to check for grammar and spelling errors. You can also share a draft of your article with someone to proofread before publishing.

Where to Publish Your Articles

Now that you've decided to take up technical writing, here are some good platforms where you can start putting up technical content for free. They can also help you build an appealing portfolio for future employers to check out.

Dev.to is a community of thousands of techies where both writers and readers get to meaningfully engage and share ideas and resources.

Hashnode is my go-to blogging platform with awesome perks such as custom domain mapping and an interactive community. Setting up a blog on this platform is also easy and fast.

freeCodeCamp has a very large community and audience reach and is a great place to publish your articles. However, you'll need to apply to write for their publication with some previous writing samples.

Your application could either be accepted or rejected, but don't be discouraged. You can always reapply later as you get better, and who knows? You could get accepted.

If you do write for them, they'll review and edit your articles before publishing, to make sure you publish the most polished article possible. They'll also share your articles on their social media platforms to help more people read them.

Hackernoon has over 7,000 writers and could be a great platform for you to start publishing your articles to the over 200,000 daily readers in the community.

Hacker Noon supports writers by proofreading their articles before publishing them on the platform, helping them avoid common mistakes.

Just like in every other field, there are various processes, rules, best practices, and so on in Technical Writing.

Taking a course on technical writing will help guide you through every thing you need to learn and can also give you a major confidence boost to kick start your writing journey.

Here are some technical writing courses you can check out:

Google Technical Writing Course (Free)
Udemy Technical Writing Course (Paid)
Hashnode Technical Writing Bootcamp (Free)

Technical Writing Forums and Communities

Alone we can do so little, together, we can do so much ~ Helen Keller

Being part of a community or forum along with people who share same passion as you is beneficial. You can get feedback, corrections, tips and even learn some style tips from other writers in the community.

Here are some communities and forums for you to join:

Technical Writing World
Technical Writer Forum
Write the Docs Forum

Some Amazing Technical Writers to follow

In my technical writing journey, I've come and followed some great technical writers whose writing journey, consistency, and style inspire me.

These are the writers whom I look up to and consider virtual mentors on technical writing. Sometimes, they drop technical writing tips that I find helpful and have learned a lot from.

Here are some of those writers (hyperlinked with their twitter handles):

Quincy Larson
Edidiong Asikpo
Catalin Pit
Victoria Lo
Bolaji Ayodeji
Amruta Ranade
Chris Bongers
Colby Fayock

Final words

You do not need a degree in technical writing to start putting out technical content. You can start writing on your personal blog and public GitHub repositories while building your portfolio and gaining practical experience.

Really – Just Start Writing.

Practice by creating new documents for existing programs or projects. There are a number of open source projects on GitHub that you can check out and add to their documentation.

Is there an app that you love to use, but its documentation is poorly written? Write your own and share it online for feedback. You can also quickly set up your blog on hashnode and start writing.

You learn to write by writing, and by reading and thinking about how writers have created their characters and invented their stories. If you are not a reader, don't even think about being a writer. - Jean M. Auel

Technical writers are always learning . By diving into new subject areas and receiving external feedback, a good writer never stops honing their craft.

Of course, good writers are also voracious readers. By reviewing highly-read or highly-used documents, your own writing will definitely improve.

Can't wait to see your technical articles!

Introduction to Technical Writing ‌‌

How to structure a technical article ‌‌

Understanding your audience, the why and how

‌‌ Technical Writing template

I hope this was helpful. If so, follow me on Twitter and let me know!

Amarachi is a front end web developer, technical writer and educator who is interested in building developer communities.

If you read this far, thank the author to show them you care. Say Thanks

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Writing Essays

Dawn Atkinson

The current chapter focuses on essays , pieces of persuasive writing developed around defined topics. This genre’s persuasiveness rests in large part on its logical structure, inclusion of quality evidentiary support, and consistent design, as explained herein; hence, essay writing calls for planning, researching, synthesizing, and revising. Although essays are generally considered a form of academic rather than technical writing, the division is not absolute, and the prevalence of essay assignments in both writing and other university-level courses merits our focus on them here.

While reading this chapter, keep in mind that college essays typically require use of a formal writing style, although the specifics may vary depending on the particular assignment and area of study. For an overview of formal writing guidelines, see the George Mason University Writing Center’s (2017) handout entitled “Reducing Informality in Academic Writing” ( https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/reducing-informality-in-academic-writing ).

Essays can be divided into two broad types: expository and argumentative essays. To define these categories using information adapted from Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University (2018b, para. 13), expository essays explain—they teach, illustrate, or clarify a subject for a reader—while argumentative essays make claims and seek to convince a reader to accept a position or point of view.

Focusing an Essay

For an essay topic to be manageable, its focus must be narrow enough so that it can be addressed adequately within the word or page count available; however, the topic should not be so narrow so as to impede your research efforts. When deciding on a topic, conduct initial research using library or internet resources to get a sense of current scholarship in the area, as well as points of agreement and contention, which may lead you to a focused direction for research. To pinpoint your particular interest in a topic, you might also consider using listing, mind mapping, outlining, freewriting, looping, or questioning, the brainstorming strategies described in the “Maintaining a Productive Writing Schedule” chapter of this textbook. Talking with your instructor or a librarian about a topic may also help you decide a paper’s focus.

What other methods could you use to narrow the focus of an essay?

Figure 1, a multi-page handout adapted from the Writing and Communication Centre, University of Waterloo (n.d.a, pp. 2-3), illustrates the process of narrowing an essay topic.

Developing and Narrowing a Topic

Develop and Narrow a Topic

A well-written paper depends on a strong topic that is focused and specific. To get there, you need to develop some topic ideas, choose the best one, and narrow that topic further.

Developing A Topic

Researching your subject, brainstorming ideas, and sharing your ideas with others are three steps that can help you develop a strong topic.

Do your research

Doing preliminary research will help you to discover what people who work on the topic are interested in or concerned about.

There are countless ways to brainstorm ideas for a topic; below are three common approaches.

Freewriting: Jot down ideas without revising or proofreading
Questioning: Write down questions you have about your topic without revising or proofreading
Mapping: Starting with a main topic, write down subtopics that come to mind, drawing links that show how the different subtopics relate.

Talk about your ideas

Talking to others helps you to understand your ideas from a reader’s perspective. It can help you refine the topic or even move in a new direction.

Narrowing Your Topic

Narrowing your topic makes your work more manageable and your paper more likely to succeed. A good paper takes a smaller portion of a larger issue or problem and investigates that part in depth. Narrowing your topic allows you to choose a problem that is specific enough to research with vigour. Below is an example of the process:

Move from abstract to concrete

A manageable topic is concrete. As we narrow the scope of a topic, the subject matter moves from abstract concepts to ideas that are more precise. Let’s use bicycles, again, as our example.

Main topic: Bicycles

Subtopics: Design, Safety, Health impacts, Charity drives, Bicycle usage, Bicycles and education, Reuse, Infrastructure, Environmental impacts, Policies, Bicycles and urban development, Bicycles and commercial products, Bicycle culture

Although bicycles are concrete “things,” the word bicycles could mean different things to different people. These ideas, such as design, bicycle culture, or infrastructure, are subtopics of “bicycles.”

Add specific details

As you narrow in on one subtopic, the number of subtopics decreases:

Revised main topic: Bicycles and policies

safety standards for bicycle design
safety gear policies
urban development policies and bike lanes
road policies and cyclists

Tip: Is it narrow enough? In our last example, notice that when you begin to narrow a large topic, the initial subtopics that come up are still broad, general ideas. The more you narrow, the more specific your descriptions become. You can use the traditional journalistic questions (Who, What, Where, When, Why) to help you move towards more specific topics:

road building policies?
building zone policies?
other infrastructure?
metropolitan areas?
medium-sized cities?
small cities?
construction companies?
planning committees?

Using these questions to target the subject matter, we might narrow the topic, bicycle lanes and urban development , even further to the following: policies related to bike lanes in mid-sized metropolitan areas .

As the handout illustrates, deciding upon a suitably narrow essay topic is a process that may require several attempts to complete. Regardless, devoting time to this initial planning process is a wise investment since a defined essay topic will usefully guide a paper’s development.

Structuring an Essay

Essays, like letters and memos, follow an introduction, body, and conclusion structure, although these sections may also be subdivided. The sections need to be fully developed to coherently deliver an essay’s central message to readers. They also need to be proportionate to an essay’s overall length: for instance, a brief essay requires a brief introduction and conclusion, whereas an extended essay can accommodate a longer introduction and conclusion. In general, budget 10 percent of the paper’s word count for the introduction, 80 percent for the body, and 10 percent for the conclusion.

Composing an Introduction Section

An essay introduction establishes context for the reader by commencing discussion of the document’s central message, around which all the other content will coalesce, and by revealing how the essay will unfold. To be more specific, the introduction delimits the scope and purpose of the essay so that readers understand its direction, range of coverage, and intent.

The context-setting information provided at the beginning of an introduction might include definitions of key terms that will be used throughout the rest of the paper, a summation of how something works, essential background on the topic to be addressed in the piece, or articulation of circumstances pertinent to a problem—perhaps a concise discussion of historical events surrounding the topic, previous research conducted in the area, or treatment of the topic in the news. A writer has considerable leeway when deciding how to articulate context-setting information, and inventiveness in this section can help draw readers into the essay. Schall (2014, para. 7), for instance, describes how narration , storytelling in other words, can be used to stimulate reader interest in an essay. The following examples, adapted from Schall (para. 7), present the initial lines from two essay openings, one focused on the “generic nature of America’s highway exit ramp services” and the other on shape constancy in relationship to human visual perception, to demonstrate the interest that narration can inspire.

The observation struck me slowly, a growing sense of déjà vu. I was driving the endless miles of Interstate 70 crossing Kansas when I began to notice that the exits all looked the same. → Notice how the writer uses I to communicate his/her experience.
Our eyes often receive pictures of the world that are contrary to physical reality: a pencil in a glass of water miraculously bends and railroad tracks converge in the distance. → Notice how writer omits I but is nevertheless reflective about the subject matter.

Regardless of the flavor of context-setting information you provide in an essay, the information should help readers connect with the text’s central message. Therefore, avoid beginning an essay with an overly general statement, such as “People argue about many controversial topics,” that could apply to any number of papers. This kind of nondescript material wastes readers’ time.

An essay’s central message is delivered in its thesis statement , a sentence, sometimes more, that articulates the theme of the paper and the writer’s view on it. The thesis thus explains the paper’s controlling idea by specifying what the writer has to say about a particular topic and by clarifying what will and will not be covered. The thesis statement is typically placed at or near the end of the introduction to initiate the reader’s progression into the rest of the paper. Schall (para. 8) explains that a well-written thesis statement should be inexorably tied to the essay it accompanies, carefully constructed, and revealingly focused: “concretely announce the most important elements of your topic and suggest your fundamental approach—even point [readers] toward the paper’s conclusion if you can.” The following two thesis statement examples, adapted from Schall (para. 9), fit this description.

This paper reviews the problem of Pennsylvania’s dwindling landfill space, evaluates the success of recycling as a solution to this problem, and challenges the assumption that Pennsylvania will run out of landfill space by the year 2024.
As this paper will show, the fundamental problem behind the Arab-Israeli conflict is the lack of a workable solution to the third stage of partition, which greatly hinders negotiations for peace.

Notice that each example indicates the paper’s unifying theme and the writer’s viewpoint on the matter.

Developing an effective thesis statement for an essay requires work on a writer’s part. Try using these steps, adapted from the Writing and Communication Centre, University of Waterloo (n.d.c, “Building Effective Thesis Statements”), when building a thesis statement to make the task more straightforward.

Read the assignment directions carefully so you are clear about the expectations.
Conduct preliminary research to gather and organize information about your topic.
What is new about this topic?
What is important about this topic?
What is interesting about this topic?
What have others missed in their discussions about this topic?
Conduct additional research once you have narrowed your focus in order to find evidence to support your thesis. As you research, your understanding of the topic may further develop and evolve.
Refine your thesis statement so it clearly expresses your angle or position.

As this list points out, an effective thesis statement typically develops over time and with concerted effort.

A thesis statement should fulfill the functions set out in its definition otherwise it will not guide the development of an essay. The following list, adapted from McKeever (n.d.c, paras. 12, 16, 17) and Sweetland Center for Writing, University of Michigan (2020a, para. 8), identifies markers of weak thesis statements.

A simple observation (Example: NASA scientists regularly conduct experiments in space.) Although an observation may be true, it cannot initiate a lively and extended discussion of the multiple views surrounding a complex topic.
A statement of fact (Example: Some people are opposed to stem cell research.) To determine whether a statement is a fact, ask if anyone could reasonably disagree with it. If everyone would agree that the statement is true, it is a fact, meaning that it is not open to interpretation or discussion.
A broad generalization (Example: Politics requires working for the people.) It may seem that a broad thesis statement creates the possibility for numerous essay directions, but broad issues contain too many specific arguments within them, and making a broad claim leads to making a shallow argument.
A question (Example: Why are self-service checkout machines popular in stores?) A thesis must be phrased as a statement, although you might decide to narrow the focus of an essay by devising a research question (a question that a research project seeks to answer). A thesis statement answers a research question in sentence form.
A misleading statement (Example: This essay will prove that a person who is old enough to vote and serve in the armed forces should be allowed to drink alcohol too.) The word prove points to a fact, something that is indisputable, and a thesis cannot be a statement of fact. More troubling about the example, however, is that an essay cannot irrefutably prove something, so the statement is misleading.
A statement that uses figurative language (Example: The runaway train of individualism must be controlled and not allowed to jump the tracks and obliterate innocent bystanders.) A thesis statement should enable a reader to clearly and immediately identify the focus of an essay. Figurative language, such as that used in the example, is wordy, vague, and quite frankly confusing, so avoid it.
An unfocused statement (Example: I think the inconsistent penalties for drunk driving, even if enhanced, because of the impact of drinking and driving on families who lose their children, fathers, mothers, or other family members to death and/or disability, are not strict enough in the various states, allowing drunk drivers to go free although there is a high risk of offending again.) A thesis statement that contains multiple clauses and lists is confusing. Oftentimes, such statements also present details that should be discussed in body paragraphs. Remember that a focused thesis statement identifies and delimits the direction of an essay, as this revised example does: The United States needs a consistent, national law that strips drunk drivers of driving privileges for five years after their first offense. Notice that the revised example omits I think since the phrase is redundant; the writer’s view is implicit in the sentence. In general, avoid the phrases I think , I feel , and I believe since they add unnecessary words to an essay and give the appearance of uncertainty.

Prevent the thesis statement problems listed by focusing on a specific topic and articulating your view on that topic in a clear, concise, and unambiguous way. In addition, be prepared to revise the thesis statement as necessary during your essay’s development.

Depending on assignment specifications, disciplinary conventions, educational context, or authorial choice, a writer may integrate a route map , a brief outline of the specific topics the essay will cover and in what order, in the thesis statement or provide this information in a separate sentence or sentences at the end of the introduction. The order of topics in the route map should match the sequence in which they are addressed in the body of the essay; the route map thus serves as a skeleton outline of the essay by giving readers a sense of how the text will be organized.

The essay introduction structure described here takes the form of the inverted triangle presented in Figure 2, with the reader connecting with broad context-setting information before moving on to a more narrow discussion of the essay’s focus area and organizational structure provided in a thesis statement and route map.

Upside down triangle images showing: Context-setting/background information to Thesis statement to Route Map

Figure 2. Moving from general to specific information as an essay introduction proceeds

Figure 3, adapted from the Academic Writing Help Centre, Student Academic Success Service at the University of Ottawa (2016c, para. 10), shows the introduction elements at work in a sample paragraph.

Image of essay. Why is industrial expansion more important than the survival of valuable ecosystems? Last year, that kind of priority resulted in the death of 600,000 red-tailed swallows in Ungolu. While environmentalists protest the destruction of the Ungolu rainforest for the sake of its wildlife, and particularly for the sake of the red-tailed swallow, the inhabitants of the area demand more land for cattle and living space and require more wood to generate revenue. Although the residents insist their society depends on logging practices, this does not justify the effects of these practices. Without a change in policy, the red-tailed swallow will most likely disappear in just a few years. The extinction of this species must be prevented because it would have a devastating impact on the Ungolu rainforest. As this paper will show, the clear-cutting of the rainforest has already eliminated much of the natural habitat of the red-tailed swallow, thus reducing the population growth rate of a species that plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Its extinction would result not only in the destruction of the rainforest, but in the destruction of the ecology that it shelters in as well. Moreover, the extinction of the red-tailed swallow is unnecessary—there are more ecological and long-lasting ways to ensure the economic development of Ungolu than logging.

Figure 3. An introduction with context-setting, a thesis statement, and a route map

If an introduction is clearly focused, comprehensibly organized, and grammatically and mechanically sound, it can inspire a reader’s interest in the remainder of the essay.

Composing a Body Section

The body of an essay expounds upon the central theme articulated in the text’s thesis statement until that theme is fully developed. The body section is divided into paragraphs, and each paragraph centers on one main point that unifies the content of the paragraph and is articulated through an explicit or implied topic sentence. A topic sentence encapsulates a paragraph’s focus, and in technical writing, explicit topic sentences typically appear at the beginnings of paragraphs to expediently deliver needed information to readers. Using this structure, everything that follows the topic sentence in a paragraph—examples, illustrations, explanations, quotations, paraphrases, summaries, reasons—supports the point made in the topic sentence. If a writer instead opts to use an implied topic sentence, he or she may discuss a source, viewpoint, question, or piece of evidence slowly in the paragraph, allowing the paragraph’s momentum to develop the text’s key takeaway. The reader is consequently responsible for inferring the paragraph’s topic sentence in this situation. Whether the topic sentence is explicit or implied, the reader should leave the paragraph with a clear understanding of its main point.

To successfully communicate a paragraph’s main point and give readers a sense of the paragraph’s direction, a topic sentence must be specific. A topic sentence that simply announces the subject matter of a paragraph—“In this paragraph, I will discuss…”—does not fit this description, as the professionals at Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University (2018a, para. 5) explain. To devise a precise alternative, think carefully about the paragraph’s key takeaway and how that point ties in with surrounding paragraphs and ultimately links back to the essay’s thesis statement; then try to articulate the key takeaway in one focused and unifying umbrella sentence underneath which all the other points in the paragraph fall.

In the process of developing an essay’s central theme through the inclusion of focused topic sentences and relevant and substantive follow-up sentences, the body section of an essay aims to be compelling: for example, an author might try to convince readers to adopt his or her position on an issue; to take a careful look at a text and how it is constructed; to contemplate the layers of complexity surrounding an area of investigation; or, more generally, to consider the well-informed nature of the essay and its fluid delivery of information. The body section thus involves persuasion. To address an essay’s central theme in a comprehensive and fair way, a writer who aims for maximum persuasiveness will speak to the multifaceted perspectives surrounding points of discussion rather than focusing exclusively on his or her own viewpoint. The latter signals bias in an argument, a situation to avoid in academic and technical writing.

Writers may employ certain patterns of development to present information in body paragraphs so that it is logical and compelling. The following list, adapted from Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University (2018b, paras. 12, 17-21), describes a number of these patterns.

Description: Conveys specific details about the look, taste, smell, sound, or feel of something.
Illustration/Example: Illustrates a general concept with specific examples or uses an example as evidence to support a point.
Spatial: Describes how something looks in relationship to how it occupies space (e.g., inside to outside, top to bottom, front to back, or left to right).
Comparison/Contrast: Examines two or more things to determine their similarities and differences using clearly defined criteria.
Cause/Effect: Examines the causes that have led to certain results.
Evaluation: Measures something by examining it in relation to a given set of criteria; may discuss the thing’s strengths and weaknesses in light of this evaluation.
Classification: Examines something by dividing it into categories or subtypes.
Sequence/Process: Explains how something works in sequential or step-by-step fashion.
Narration: Tells a story in chronological order.
Definition: Explains the distinguishing features of something.
Order of Importance: Places the most important information in a strategic place to affect reader perception.

Writers may combine these patterns when developing body paragraphs or use them separately; assignment directions may also specify the use of a particular pattern in an essay.

Figure 4, adapted from the Academic Writing Help Centre, Student Academic Success Service at the University of Ottawa (2016a, para. 11), demonstrates elements of persuasion at work—in this case a viewpoint (claim) supported with a reason and evidence—in an argumentative body paragraph.

What do you think of the paragraph? Apart from the argument elements identified in the paragraph, what else helps to make it persuasive?

Figure 4. A body paragraph containing a claim supported with a reason and evidence

While Figure 4 uses a quotation as evidence to support a claim, evidence in body paragraphs can take many forms: for example, summaries, paraphrases, tables, figures, equations, anecdotes, personal experiences, facts, statistics, and numerical and word field data.

Composing a Conclusion Section

A conclusion emphasizes an essay’s central message by reiterating its thesis (without repeating it word for word) and summarizing its key points. Because a conclusion brings an essay to a cohesive end, it should not discuss new information; instead, it should follow on logically from content already covered. A conclusion’s very definition—“an articulated conviction arrived at on the basis of the evidence you have presented” (Schall, 2014, para. 15)—points to its unifying function. The following conclusion sample, adapted from Schall (para. 16) and excerpted from the paper “Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Women,” reflects directly on the paper’s hypothesis, stated in the introduction, and presents a logical realization of the paper’s goals.

The majority of evidence presented in this paper supports the hypothesis that exercise positively affects bone mineral density in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Importantly, exercise has been shown to increase bone mineral density in premenopausal women even after the teenage years, and it helps preserve the bone mass achieved in the subsequent decades. Evidence also shows that exercise adds a modest amount of bone mass to the postmenopausal skeleton. As these findings demonstrate, women of all ages can benefit from regular weight-bearing exercise, an increased intake of calcium-rich foods, and—for postmenopausal women—the maintenance of adequate estrogen levels. Women of all ages can prevent osteoporosis or lessen its severity by making appropriate lifestyle choices.

If you experience a roadblock when constructing a coherent conclusion such as this, Schall (para. 14) recommends reviewing the essay’s introduction and body to revisit what the paper set out to do and how it accomplished its aims or reviewing these sections to determine the paper’s contributions to the particular research area addressed.

While focusing squarely on the essay’s central message and the document’s particular purpose, a conclusion may also discuss how the essay’s findings compare with other research in the area; emphasize the implications of the findings (what they mean and why they are important—the so what , in other words); consider the limitations of the research conducted for the essay; or make recommendations for further research. Again, these elements should link back to the essay’s central message so readers understand the context for their discussion. Here is a conclusion example, adapted from the Academic Writing Help Centre, Student Academic Success Service at the University of Ottawa (2016b, para. 7), that emphasizes the essay’s central message and summarizes its key points before underscoring the implications of the findings and proposing a solution to the issue discussed in the paper.

In the end, there is no way to deny the seriousness of the environmental threat. If the current clear-cutting practices continue, the Ungolu rainforest will be unable to support the red-tailed swallow, and it will become extinct. Without this bird, the tree-eating corkscrew beetle will have nothing to stop its spread, and it will disrupt the rainforest’s ecosystem even further. Although the inhabitants of the area request the commercialization of land and wood to encourage the economic development of Ungolu, initiatives with regard to ecotourism and biological agriculture can be pursued to ensure both the growth of the economy and the survival of the red-tailed swallow. Because of the dire environmental consequences of its extinction, it is vital that this species be preserved—and it is possible to do so with a reasonable amount of effort and resources. Indeed, the best way to encourage the inhabitants of the area to let the Ungolu rainforest recover is for northern countries to stop purchasing the products obtained from logging practices and to subsidize the local initiatives discussed in this paper, otherwise the local population will not be motivated to make a significant change. Without quick and decisive action, rainforest tracts will be eliminated, and the inhabitants of the area will be even worse off than before the introduction of logging.

The implications and call to action discussed in this conclusion coherently link back to the introduction and body sections of the essay.

Gathering Quality Evidence for an Essay

In addition to a logical structure, an essay’s effectiveness largely hinges on the quality of its evidentiary support. Evidence that is inaccurate, untrustworthy, irrelevant, insufficient, dated, or flawed in some other way is unlikely to convince a reader to adopt a writer’s perspective and may actually inspire the opposite effect. On the other hand, sound evidence can contribute to the persuasiveness of an essay and demonstrate a writer’s research ability. While the “Writing Topic Proposals” chapter of this textbook supplies tips for evaluating the quality of sources and the evidence they provide, the multipage handout in Figure 5 (adapted from McKeever, n.d.a) offers additional points to consider.

Does anything on the handout surprise you? Why or why not?

Figure 5. A guide to evaluating information sources

You might decide to use the checklist items in Figure 5 to evaluate sources of information for your essay. Figure 6 (Webber, 2018, p. 1) presents an alternative tool: a visual scorecard for source evaluation.

Figure 6. A scorecard tool for evaluating source information

The instruments in figures 5 and 6 can help you apply consistent evaluation criteria to potential sources of evidentiary information for an essay.

Incorporating Quality Evidence into an Essay

After locating quality evidentiary support for an essay, you must incorporate it into your text in a logical and ethical way so that readers understand its presence, its origin, and how it relates to your own ideas. Quotation, paraphrase, and summary offer three means by which to integrate evidence into an essay.

Before attempting to quote, paraphrase, or summarize a source, make sure you fully understand the text’s meaning and feel confident about discussing it. If you are unclear about what the source text says, do not try to integrate its information into your essay; such confusion can damage the persuasiveness of a paper since savvy readers may detect the issue. Instead, read the text several times slowly to grasp its meaning or discuss it with your classmates and instructor before attempting to incorporate its information into an essay. Class discussions about confounding texts can oftentimes provide clarification and fruitful avenues for writing projects.

Using Quotations

When writers quote , they use the exact words from source texts, enclose those words in quotation marks, and cite and reference the sources to document the origin of information. Quotations can provide telling evidence in a paper if they are used sparingly and strategically. Conversely, their overuse can affect the flow of a piece of writing and give readers the impression that the writer cannot formulate his or her own thoughts about a text. Table 1 explains when to use and avoid quotations.

Table 1. Reasons to use and avoid quotations when writing

If you decide to use quotations in an essay, take care to integrate them cohesively.

Quotations cannot on their own provide compelling evidentiary support for an essay; a writer must consequently explain their presence and relevance to readers. In other words, a writer must contextualize a quotation so readers understand its use. The quotation sandwich offers a helpful method for working quotations into papers in a cohesive way. Using this technique, a writer introduces a quotation, provides the quotation, and comments on the quotation’s relationship to the paper. Figure 7, adapted from McKeever (n.d.b), demonstrates use of the quotation sandwich approach.

Figure 7. A quotation sandwich can contextualize source information for readers

The sandwiching method in shown in Figure 7 can also be used with paraphrases, summaries, visuals, and lists to interweave those elements into a document so it flows together effectively.

Using a quotation from the first page of Charles Dickens’ 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities —“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”—textbook writers Last and Neveu (2019, pp. 236-237) explain that the seamless integration, signal phrase, and colon methods can also be used to integrate quotations into a text in a cohesive manner. The following list, adapted from Last and Neveu, explains and exemplifies these methods.

Seamless Integration: Embed the quotation or parts of it into your sentence so that if you read the text aloud, listeners cannot distinguish the quotation from the rest of the sentence.

Example: Charles Dickens begins his 1859 novel with the paradoxical observation that the eighteenth century was both “the best of times” and “the worst of times” (p. 1).

Signal Phrase: Use a signal phrase (author + reporting verb) to introduce the quotation, clearly indicating that the quotation originates from a specific source.

Example: Describing the eighteenth century in his 1859 novel, Charles Dickens observes, “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” (p. 1). → Notice that a comma follows observes since the verb signals the beginning of a quotation.

Colon: Use a colon to introduce a quotation when your own introductory words constitute an independent clause (i.e., a complete sentence); the colon emphasizes the quotation.

Example: In his 1859 novel, Charles Dickens defines the eighteenth century as a time of paradox: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” (p. 1).

Any of these techniques can be used in conjunction with a quotation sandwich for maximum cohesive effect.

Although a quotation extracts the exact words from a source, a writer might need to adjust the quoted material to interleave it into his or her own text so the language flows together in a concise, grammatical manner that makes sense to readers. For example, the writer might need to alter the verb tense of the quotation so it matches the tense used in the rest of the sentence or insert a clarifying comment into the quotation to help readers understand its meaning. Both of these situations call for the use of brackets (i.e., [ ]). Ellipses, three periods in a row (…), are used to show that irrelevant words have been omitted from the middle of a quotation; four periods are used when a sentence or more is omitted from the middle of a quotation. Instead of quoting full sentences, writers oftentimes integrate short phrases or parts of sentences into their texts, using ellipses in these circumstances. If a writer omits words from the beginning or ending of a quotation, the ellipses are unnecessary.

Last and Neveu (2019, p. 238) call upon the following text from Petroski (2014) to demonstrate the use of brackets and ellipses in action. The text is a long quotation (40+ words), so it begins on a new line and is indented rather than enclosed in quotation marks. When citing a long quotation such as this, place the citation information (in this case, the page number of the quotation) outside the final mark of punctuation at the end of the quotation. These are standard conventions for incorporating long quotations into a piece of writing. The examples that accompany the text are adapted from Last and Neveu (2019, p. 238).

Engineers are always striving for success, but failure is seldom far from their minds. In the case of Canadian engineers, this focus on potentially catastrophic flaws in a design is rooted in a failure that occurred over a century ago. In 1907 a bridge of enormous proportions collapsed while still under construction in Quebec. Planners expected that when completed, the 1,800-foot main span of the cantilever bridge would set a world record for long-span bridges of all types, many of which had come to be realized at a great price. According to one superstition, a bridge would claim one life for every million dollars spent on it. In fact, by the time the Quebec Bridge would finally be completed, in 1917, almost ninety construction workers would have been killed in the course of building the $25 million structure. (p. 175)

Petroski, H. (2014). To forgive design: Understanding failure . Belknap Press.

Brackets can be used to signal a change to the verb tense in a quotation:

Petroski (2014) recounts the story of a large bridge that was constructed at the beginning of the twentieth century in Quebec, saying that “by the time [it was done], in 1917, almost ninety construction workers [were] killed in the course of building the $25 million structure” (p. 175).

An ellipsis can be used to signal the omission of words from a quotation:

“Planners expected that when completed, the…bridge would set a world record for long-span bridges of all types,” according to Petroski (2014, p. 175).

Brackets can be used to signal a clarifying insertion into a quotation:

“Planners expected that when completed, the…cantilever bridge [built using structures that were anchored at one end and projected horizontally at the other] would set a world record for long-span bridges of all types,” explained Petroski (2014, p. 175).

Brackets and ellipses help authors cohesively incorporate quotations into their own writing.

When source material contains a misspelling or other composition blunder, signal the error’s presence to readers in a quotation by enclosing the italicized word sic (Latin for thus ) in brackets and placing it right after the error. Here is an example of the notation used in a sentence.

According to Jones’ (2019) Best Journal review, the book is “an important contribution to gender studies, suceeding [ sic ] where others have fallen short” (p. 2).

The notation informs the readers that the mistake appeared in the original text.

Lastly, when quoting text that already contains quotation marks, change the internal double quotation marks (“ ”) to the single variety (‘ ’) to help readers distinguish the elements. Here is an example that illustrates this use of punctuation.

In their journal article “Fish Tales: Combatting Fake Science in Popular Media,” authors Thaler and Shiffman (2015, p. 88) classify “‘bad science’ as unsound conclusions drawn from invalid premises; ‘pseudoscience’ as sound conclusions drawn from invalid premises; and ‘fake science’ as unsound conclusions drawn from invalid premises.”

Help readers understand how you have integrated quotations into your own sentences by using the standard conventions discussed herein.

Using Paraphrases

Paraphrasing is another technique that can be used to integrate evidence from sources into an essay. When paraphrasing , a writer articulates a text’s ideas using his or her own words and sentence structures and cites and references the original source. This technique has a number of benefits, as the following list explains.

To compose a paraphrase, a writer must have a strong command of a source. Thus, inclusion of a paraphrase in an essay demonstrates that a writer has engaged actively with the source and can discuss it in an informed way using his or her own words.
A writer can oftentimes incorporate a paraphrase into an essay in a more straightforward way than a quotation by maintaining his or her own writing style.
If a source uses complex technical terms, a writer can translate this wording for a general audience of essay readers by articulating the ideas in a paraphrase.

Paraphrase when a text’s ideas are more important than how a source communicates them. Also bear in mind that paraphrasing and summarizing are the norm in much academic and technical writing, while quotations are used sparingly if at all.

To be certain you are using your own words and sentence structures when paraphrasing, follow these steps.

Read the source text carefully to make sure you understand it.
Decide which short section of text (a sentence or two or a brief paragraph) you intend to paraphrase.
Note down key points about the text on a separate piece of paper using your own words.
Put the source text away so you cannot see it.
Write your own version of what the original text said using your notes.
Leave the paraphrase alone for a while, and then revisit it to see if it can be improved.
Check that the paraphrase expresses the overall idea of the source text in a new form.
Enclose any unique terms borrowed from the original source in quotation marks.
Provide an in-text citation and accompanying reference list entry for the original text.

The example below, adapted from Last and Neveu (2019, p. 239), follows the principles conveyed in the list while paraphrasing the final two sentences of the Petroski (2014) text presented earlier.

At the end of its construction, the large cantilever bridge in Quebec cost $25 million, explains Petroski (2014, p. 175), but the cost in lives far exceeded the prediction of one death for each million dollars spent. While the planners hoped that the bridge would set a global record, its enduring reputation was much grimmer.

An unacceptable paraphrase is one that simply replaces source language with synonyms. To avoid this form of plagiarism, use the steps listed here to express the meaning of a source in your own words.

Using Summaries

Summarizing , when a writer communicates a text’s central idea or theme in his or her own words while excluding details, is another technique that can be used to integrate source evidence into an essay. Although the “Reading Actively” chapter of this textbook contains detailed summary-writing guidance, Figure 8, a handout adapted from the Robert Gillespie Academic Skills Centre, University of Toronto Mississauga (n.d.), lists essential reminders for constructing a summary.

In what instances might you use summaries in essays?

Figure 8. Steps for composing a summary

The following example, adapted from Last and Neveu (2019, p. 239), follows the principles discussed herein when summarizing the Petroski (2014) text.

According to Petroski (2014, p. 175), a large bridge built in Quebec during the early part of the twentieth century claimed the lives of dozens of workers during its construction. The collapse of the bridge early in its construction represented a pivotal design failure for Canadian engineers that shaped the profession.

As the sample illustrates, a summary condenses an extended text down to its essential meaning, providing readers with an overview; a summary also supplies readers with a citation and reference for the source text.

Synthesizing Ideas for an Essay

Although this chapter has discussed quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing as means to integrate source information into essays, before you can use these techniques to their fullest potential, you must think carefully about the points your essay sources make, how they concur or disagree with one another, and how they connect to and extend your own ideas about an essay topic. Collectively, these activities facilitate synthesis , or connecting with sources by responding to their ideas and research in a piece of writing in order to contribute your own unique insights to the area of focus. Many composition scholars liken synthesis to engaging in conversation with sources since it involves establishing how sources relate to one another and to your own thoughts about a subject.

Using Summary to Synthesize

To demonstrate synthesis in action, we will explore a scenario adapted from Excelsior Online Writing Lab (2020f). Imagine you are researching a topic. You will likely encounter a variety of sources about the subject that contain different information and points of view, and you will need to compare and evaluate this information to draw your own conclusions—a process that leads to the synthesis of new ideas. It may help, at this point, to compare synthesizing to analyzing. Whereas analysis breaks something into parts to examine how they work together, synthesis combines ideas to form new ones. Regardless, synthesizing is not the same as summarizing; summary involves concisely stating someone else’s ideas, while synthesis is a critical and creative process in which you compare or combine the ideas you have read to form new ones. Although synthesis can involve summarizing ideas from other texts in order to compare them and draw a conclusion, the result is a new idea.

To continue the scenario, we will read two passages that express different points of view about bike lanes: first, we will summarize the authors’ main ideas, and then we will compare them and draw a conclusion. The author of this first passage is in favor of bike lanes.

Bike lanes are an essential feature of modern, urban life. Indeed, many urban residents have traded their cars for bicycles. Bicycling offers many advantages to driving: bicycles do not get stuck in traffic, run out of gas, break down often (and even when they do, repairs are inexpensive), need insurance, produce pollution, or receive parking tickets. They also offer an excellent way to add exercise to a busy schedule. Many cities across the nation have encouraged bicycling to cut down on traffic, accidents, and pollution and have added bike lanes to downtown areas to provide safe and speedy thruways for bicyclists, producing a net positive result for all parties.

We can summarize this argument by pulling out some keywords: bike lanes, advantages, urban, traffic, accidents, pollution, inexpensive, safe, and exercise. Putting this information together, we can summarize the author’s argument as follows.

Placing bike lanes in urban areas is beneficial because bicycling reduces traffic, accidents, and pollution and offers an inexpensive, safe, and healthy way to travel.

The author of the second passage opposes bike lanes, as this text reveals.

Bike lanes remove valuable space from already crowded inner-city streets. Urban areas already suffer from traffic and pedestrian congestion, and such overcrowding is worsened by the introduction of legions of reckless bicyclists. Many bicyclists also ignore street signs, causing additional accidents with cars and people. Furthermore, parked bicycles clutter congested sidewalks, making many areas impassable. These problems far outweigh the benefits of bicycling. People who do not want to drive can hop on a bus or subway and gain most of the benefits of bicycling without taking up precious space on the roads.

We can use several keywords to summarize this argument: bike lanes, urban, space, crowding, accidents, congested sidewalks, problems, buses, and subways. Combining this information leads to the following summary.

Placing bike lanes in urban areas is problematic because bicycles take up valuable space, create additional crowding, cause accidents, and congest sidewalks. Bike lanes can also be replaced with better alternatives, such as buses and subways.

Having summarized the passages, we can practice synthesizing by combining the two summaries and drawing a conclusion.

In the first passage, the author argues that placing bike lanes in urban areas is beneficial because bicycling reduces traffic, accidents, and pollution and offers an inexpensive, safe, and healthy way to travel.
Synthesis: These opposing viewpoints demonstrate that while bike lanes encourage a healthy, safe, and low-cost way to travel in cities, they also cause problems that need to be addressed through better urban planning.

The synthesis statement fuses the two passages by combining and comparing the two summaries and then drawing a conclusion that raises a new idea about the need for better urban planning to support bicycling.

Using a Matrix Tool to Synthesize

When exploring the connections among various sources for an essay, you might also decide to use a matrix tool to create a visual representation of source relationships. When using this type of tool, a writer groups common themes, arguments, or points raised in sources in tabular fashion to facilitate synthesis. Table 2 is an example of a synthesis matrix.

Table 2. A matrix tool to facilitate synthesis

When using a matrix tool, it is vital to consider your own thoughts regarding groupings in order to encourage synthesis, as the right column of the figure indicates.

Signaling Synthesis in an Essay

When synthesizing ideas in an essay, you can help readers understand how they connect by using sentence structures that signal relationships. Bruce and Gagich (2018, p. 93-94) explain that these sentence structures oftentimes point to a writer’s agreement or disagreement with sources, although you can also use them to discuss patterns of thinking, errors in logic, omission of points, or other matters that add to the research conversation. The textbook authors provide examples of sentence structure templates (adapted below) that can be used to establish synthesis.

Source A asserts…Source B agrees when stating…
According to sources A and B…
The combined conclusions of sources A and B seem to indicate that…
The evidence shows that…
Source A is correct that…However, source B’s point that…is also valid.
Source A makes a convincing case when she argues…
I agree with source A’s conclusion that…
Source A asserts that…, while source B offers a different perspective by…
Sources A and B disagree regarding…
Contrary to what source A has argued, my view is that…
I argue that X is the best option even though source B proposes a different solution.
I would like to offer several objections to the opinions expressed by source A…
While source B makes a strong argument, I would disagree with…because…
Instead of focusing on…as source A does, source B emphasizes…
While most of the experts on X see…as the primary cause of…, only source A acknowledges that there may be other…causes.
When I began researching topic X, I expected to find…To my surprise, neither source A, B, nor C address this reason, which leads me to believe that…
Because source A is an expert in the field of X, most others writing about X accede to A’s authority, but a closer examination of A reveals an important omission about X.

These templates demonstrate how you can weave together source information with your own thoughts to create new ideas about a topic.

Although synthesis is critical to developing an effective essay, you will also regularly call upon the skill when producing other types of writing assignments as well.

Formatting an Essay

As with any other type of document you write, design an essay with the principle of consistency in mind so that readers can concentrate on its content rather than on formatting variations. When producing an essay, use double spacing throughout, one-inch margins, and indentation to signal the beginnings of new paragraphs, unless you are told otherwise. This list, adapted from Lambert (2019, paras. 4-8), indicates other ways to stay consistent with design.

Make sure your font and type size is the same throughout the entire paper. If you opt to use different fonts or type sizes for headings and body text, employ this design decision consistently.
Use the same style bullet points throughout lists in the paper. Remember that numbers and letters indicate rank or sequence, whereas bullets do not.
Design lists in a consistent manner. In general, capitalize the first letter of the first word in a list, and use punctuation at the end of full-sentence list items.
Format all same-level headings the same way, using uniform design choices (bold or italic lettering), standardized positioning (center or left alignment), and a consistent pattern of capitalization.
Apply the design principle of repetition when implementing color. If you decide to employ color in visuals, aim to use the same or a similar color in more than one visual.

Keep in mind that certain formatting conventions (e.g., heading design and placement) are associated with documentation styles. The “Reporting Research Outcomes” chapter of this textbook provides specific guidance on formatting documents using APA (American Psychological Association) style.

Developing an Essay Title

An essay’s title offers insight into the accompanying text’s direction, purpose, and content, so devise a precise title that is particular to the paper you are developing and is clearly written with an envisioned audience in mind. Implementing this piece of advice may mean fully drafting the essay before composing its title.

To elaborate on the previous paragraph while adapting advice provided by the Sweetland Center for Writing, University of Michigan (2020b, paras. 5, 11-16), readers typically find titles like “Essay One,” “Society and its Many Problems,” “A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words,” and “Technical Writing Assignment Two” unhelpful. These types of titles are simply too general to provide any needed context. To avoid such titles, think carefully about the essay’s thesis, research, and implications, and identify keywords that succinctly encapsulate these. Imagine, for instance, that you are writing an essay about animal behavior. You have a particular species to study, conduct relevant research, and have conclusions to offer. Here is your first attempt at an essay title: “Monkey Behavior.” This title says nothing about the kind of monkey or its distinctive behavior and does little to attract or inform the reader. Your second attempt is a little better: “The Effects of Sugar on Monkey Behavior.” This title is clearer and somewhat amusing. Regardless, it still does not offer many specifics or include key terms from the paper. Readers can already conjecture that sugar would have some effect on monkey behavior, so the title needs to be markedly more precise. Here is a revised version: “Sugar Stimulates Intensity of Tail-Twitch Social Behavior in Panamanian Monkeys.” This title contains specific terms, includes a clear location, and provides an explicit claim—information the reader can use to immediately identify the paper’s focus.

Developing Essay Headings

Create specific and informative headings for essay sections since headings signal a paper’s organization and scope and help readers follow the text’s development. So, rather than using the vague Body as a heading, divide the body section of the paper into segments organized by the main points covered in paragraphs, which should all relate back to the paper’s thesis statement, and give the sections explanatory headings. By reading an essay’s explanatory headings, the reader should be able to discern the general progression of the piece and what the essay sections cover.

Revising an Essay

Like any quality piece of extended writing, an essay requires time and effort to prepare, and revision is a key step in the composition process. Revision is most effectively completed in stages: a writer begins the process by looking for big-picture issues that might affect an essay’s coherent construction, then considers mid-level issues that can impact paragraph development, and finishes by checking for sentence-level errors that can influence reader understanding. The following list provides guiding questions that can be used during each stage of revision.

Do you have a clear thesis? Do you know what idea or perspective you want the audience to understand upon reading your essay?
Is your essay well organized?
Is each paragraph a building block in your essay: does it explain or support your thesis?
Does the essay need a different shape? Do parts need to be moved?
Do you fully explain and illustrate the main ideas of your paper?
Does your introduction grab the reader’s interest?
Does your conclusion leave the reader with an understanding of your point of view?
What is your paper’s strength? What is its weakness?
Does each paragraph contain solid and specific information, vivid description, or examples that illustrate the point you are making?
Can you add other facts, quotations, paraphrases, examples, or descriptions to more clearly illustrate or provide evidence for the points you are making?
Can you delete any sentences, words, descriptions, or information because they may confuse or tire the reader?
Are your paragraphs in the right order?
Does each paragraph explore one main idea?
Do you use clear transitions so the reader can follow your thinking?
Do any of your paragraphs contain redundancies that can be deleted?
Have you been consistent in your use of tense?
Do your pronouns agree with their antecedents (referents)?
Have you accurately and effectively used punctuation?
Do you rely on strong verbs and nouns to enhance descriptions and build clear sentences?
Are your words as accurate as possible?
Do you define any technical or unusual terms that readers may not know?
Can you delete any extra words from your sentences?
Have you avoided clichés and slang?
Do you vary your sentence structures?
Have you accurately presented facts?
If you are writing an academic essay, have you tried to be objective in your evidence and tone?
If you are writing a personal essay, have you used a lively narrative voice?
Have you spellchecked your paper?
Have you ethically incorporated source material by effectively quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing it?
Have you consistently cited and referenced source information using a standard documentation style?

Although a draft paper represents an important milestone in a writing project, a draft typically needs considerable revision and refinement before it is ready for submission. Figure 9, an essay extract reproduced courtesy of Excelsior Online Writing Lab (2020d, “Rough Draft Example”), illustrates this point.

Figure 9. The revising process at work in an essay extract

Think of revising as a recursive activity, meaning that you may proceed through the previously listed revision stages multiple times during an essay’s development.

In addition to revising a paper in stages using the prompt questions listed, you may also have the opportunity to revise an essay based on peer feedback. Peer review sessions offer valuable chances to find out what others think of your writing and what suggestions they can contribute to help you during revision; the sessions also give you the chance to supply constructive feedback on your classmates’ writing—a vital skill you will need in the workplace. When supplying constructive criticism, identify what needs to be changed in a paper, why it needs to be changed, and how it can be changed. Alternatively, highlight what works well in a paper, why this is the case, and how the positive aspect affects you, the reader. Figure 10, a multipage handout produced by the Writing and Communication Centre, University of Waterloo (n.d.b), offers further peer review advice and a feedback template that can be used during peer review sessions to help ensure they are maximally productive.

Have you ever participated in a peer revision session before? What did you think of it? What do you think of the peer review advice presented in the handout?

Peer Review Theory and Practice

Peer review is one of a number of revision and proofreading strategies available to you. While there are many ways to structure peer review sessions, at its core, this technique involves soliciting feedback on one or more aspects of your writing from classmates or colleagues.

Peer Review: Purpose and Scope

interact, models, concrete advice, and think and learn

While peer review has the obvious benefit of getting feedback on your writing, it also has benefits for the person doing the reviewing:

We become better writers by being diligent peer reviewers
We learn good writing habits by writing often and by reading the writing of others
Giving feedback requires us to think carefully – not only about what we think about someone’s writing, but also about how writing is constructed and why we are making specific suggestions.

It is up to individual peer review groups to determine what aspects of writing a given session (or series of sessions) will look at. Broadly speaking, the following aspects of writing are the ones that you could potentially focus on:

Content : arguments, analysis, logic, evidence
Structure : organization, transitions, connections
Style : tone, word choice, formality
Mechanics : punctuation, sentence structure, spelling

General Tip :Avoid the urge to focus initially or primarily on mechanics. The revision and proofreading process will be more effective when you focus on higher-order concerns (content and structure) first and lower-order concerns (style and mechanics) second. See our handouts on revision and proofreading for more strategies that you can use.

Done correctly, the peer review process is a social, productive, and engaging way of participating in your discipline’s community of practice. However, though some instructors or supervisors will encourage their students to work together in a peer review process, others may require that projects be completed independently. In order to avoid any issues around academic integrity , make sure to consult with your instructor or supervisor before engaging in peer review.

Peer Review: Spaces

There are lots of spaces available for conducting peer review, including the following:

Face-to-Face

Coffee shop
Someone’s home
Google Hangouts
Google Docs

Peer Review: Practice

Steps in peer review.

explain what to look for, exchange, feedback for improvement, and discuss and plan

Write notes for your reviewer on the peer review sheet and exchange papers. If you are not using a peer review sheet, discuss the specific questions or concerns that you’d like your reviewer to pay attention to.
Read actively and critically . Make notes in the margins of the paper or in the track changes feature if using Word. If using a review sheet, make general notes there, too.
Return the paper (and the review sheet, if you used one) to the original writer; discuss the feedback and create an action plan for revision and proofreading.

Sample Peer Review Worksheet

Feel free to adapt the templates of these peer review worksheets to suit your needs Printable version of Peer Review Worksheet (PDF) Fillable Peer Review Marking form (PDF)

Peer Review Marking Sheet

Name of Writer:

Name of Reviewer:

Notes from the writer to the reviewer:

Aspect of Writing Being Reviewed: Content / Structure / Style / Mechanics

Additional comments on writing :

Post-Review Discussion

Action Plan: How will you (the writer) incorporate the suggestions of your reviewer into your edits? What steps will you take during the editing process? Be specific:

Figure 10. Peer review guidance and a feedback template

Notice that the final procedure on the handout asks you to specify how you will use peer comments to revise your paper, a crucial step when working with feedback.

Drawing the Chapter to a Close

Take the advice in this chapter into account when preparing an essay to persuasively communicate with readers.

Activity A: Producing a Reverse Outline and Answering Questions about an Essay

This chapter discusses revising in stages and peer reviewing as means to facilitate the revision process. A reverse outline offers another technique that can be used to revise an essay, as the following handout, adapted from Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University (2018c), describes.

Reverse Outline

Practice using the reverse outline technique with the sample proposal essay provided on upcoming pages (Hanna, 2020, as cited in Excelsior Online Writing Lab, 2020e, “Sample Essay”). The essay argues for streamlining the recycling infrastructure on a college campus to encourage recycling.

Sample Essay

After reading the proposal essay, also answer the following questions about it. Be prepared to share your answers in class.

In what way does the author create a narrowly defined focus for the essay?
Does the author provide sufficient coverage of her topic in the paper? How?
Identify the introduction, body, and conclusion sections of the essay. Are they logically structured and easy to follow? What makes them so?
A proposal aims to persuade readers. What does the author do to try to persuade you in her essay?
What do you think about the evidence the writer uses? For instance, is it accurate, trustworthy, relevant, sufficient, and timely?
How does the writer incorporate source evidence into the essay? Could her technique be improved in any way? If so, how?
Where do you detect synthesis in the essay?
What do you think of the essay’s formatting? Could it be improved in some way?
Do you think the writer has put sufficient effort into revision? What makes you think so?
Imagine you are giving constructive criticism to the author during a peer review session. Identify one thing that needs to be changed in the paper, why it needs to be changed, and how it can be changed. In addition, name one thing that works well in the paper, why this is the case, and how the positive aspect affects you, the reader.

Activity B: Reading and Answering Questions about an Essay Focused on Source Credibility

Read Warrington et al.’s (2020) essay entitled “Assessing Source Credibility for Crafting a Well-Informed Argument” located at https://wac.colostate.edu/docs/books/writingspaces3/warrington.pdf . To reflect on the essay and its relevance to your own academic work, answer the five questions starting on page 202 of the text. Be prepared to talk about your answers in class.

Activity C: Applying the Ideas Discussed in the Essay to a Text

Working with a group of classmates, apply the credibility questions Warrington et al. discuss in their essay to the journal article “Fish Tales: Combatting Fake Science in Popular Media” (Thaler & Shiffman, 2015), which is available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569115000903 . Afterwards, share your group’s determination about the article’s credibility with the whole class during a brief informal presentation. This activity is adapted from Warrington et al. (2020, p. 203).

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Academic Writing Help Centre, Student Academic Success Service, University of Ottawa. (2016b). Conclusion . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://sass.uottawa.ca/sites/sass.uottawa.ca/files/awhc-conclusion.pdf

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Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020a). Revising stage 1: Seeing the big picture . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/revising-and-editing/revising-and-editing-revising-stage-1/

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020b). Revising stage 2: Mid-view . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/revising-and-editing/revising-and-editing-revising-stage-2/

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020c). Revising stage 3: Editing up close . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/revising-and-editing/revising-and-editing-revising-stage-3/

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020d). Rough drafts . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/essay-writing/essay-writing-rough-drafts/

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020e). Sample proposal assignment . License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/argumentative-purposes/argumentative-purposes-sample-proposal-argument/

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. (2020f). Synthesizing what you read [Video transcript]. License: CC-BY 4.0. https://owl.excelsior.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/SynthesizingTranscript2019.pdf

George Mason University Writing Center. (2017). Reducing informality in academic writing . https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/reducing-informality-in-academic-writing

Lambert, R. (2019). Writing with consistency . Colorado School of Mines Writing Center. License: CC-BY-NC 4.0 . https://www.mines.edu/otcc/wp-content/uploads/sites/303/2019/12/OTCCConsistencyLesson.pdf

Last, S., & Neveu, C. (2019). Appendix C: Integrating source evidence into your writing. In S. Last, Technical writing essentials: Introduction to professional communications in the technical fields (pp. 235-242). University of Victoria. License: CC-BY 4.0 . https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/technicalwriting/

McKeever, R. (n.d.a). Post-truth: Evaluating sources . Yuba College Writing and Language Development Center. License: CC-BY-NC 4.0. https://yc.yccd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EvalSourcesPostTruthAccessibleMarch2019.pdf

McKeever, R. (n.d.b). The quote “sandwich.” Yuba College Writing and Language Development Center. License: CC-BY-NC 4.0. https://yc.yccd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/QuoteSandwich.pdf

McKeever, R. (n.d.c). Thesis statements . Yuba College Writing and Language Development Center. License: CC-BY-NC 4.0. https://yc.yccd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ThesisStatementAccessibleFebruary2020.pdf

Robert Gillespie Academic Skills Centre, University of Toronto Mississauga. (n.d.). Six effective tips to write a summary . License: CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 . https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/asc/sites/files/asc/public/shared/pdf/tip_sheets_writing/Summary_6Tips_web_v1.pdf

Schall, J. (2014). Essays and term papers: Effective technical writing in the information age . Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. License: CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 . https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/c6_p13.html

Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University. (2018a). Developing the “what”: Effective topic sentences . License: CC-BY-NC-SA 2.5 . https://sass.queensu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Developing-a-Topic-Sentence.pdf

Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University. (2018b). Organizing the body of an essay . License: CC-BY-NC-SA 2.5 . https://sass.queensu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Process-Essay-Body-Organization.pdf

Student Academic Success Services, Queen’s University. (2018c). The reverse outline . License: CC-BY-NC-SA 2.5 . https://sass.queensu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/The-Reverse-Outline.pdf

Sweetland Center for Writing, University of Michigan. (2020a). How can I create a strong thesis . License: CC-BY-NC-SA. https://lsa.umich.edu/sweetland/undergraduates/writing-guides/how-can-i-create-a-stronger-thesis.html

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Thaler, A.D., & Shiffman, D. (2015). Fish tales: Combating fake science in popular media. Ocean & Coastal Management, 115 , 88-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.005

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8 Great Technical Writing Examples to Inspire You

Detailed examples are a treasure for technical writers. They are a great way to understand and adapt to the best practices that can make your technical writing content stand out.

An example of good technical writing can help you identify phrases, words, and practices that can improve your content. They can also help you start writing a type of technical document you haven’t read before.

However, there aren’t only good examples of technical writing out there. A poorly written technical document example can also teach lessons on avoiding common mistakes. The example work allows you to develop a writing outlook to create successful technical documentation.

We will discuss technical writing and how you can write a technical document. We will also enlist eight technical writing examples that may help you write exceptional pieces.

What is Technical Writing?

Whenever technical information is written and documented, it is technical writing. Technical writing contains all documentation for complex technical processes. It includes executive summary statements, reports, briefs, and much more.

It can also include high-tech manufacturing, biotech, aerospace, finance, IT, engineering, and supply chain information. The format of a technical document is no longer bound to lengthy user manuals; it must be distilled and presented unambiguously. It can also come in technical reports, emails, briefs, press releases, or policies.

Technical writing continues to be a high conversion skill in all professional workplaces. Its demand grows at 10% annually from 2014 to 2022 — faster than any other occupation. Therefore, it would be great if you learned to write complex documents for your organization, and we have prepared a list of technical writing examples to help you understand and write better.

8 Best Technical Writing Examples

1. user manuals.

Writing a user manual is a daunting task for a technical writer , as it contains all the instructions a user needs to operate a product or feature. Writing a user manual requires a combination of organizational and technical writing skills, so it is an essential example of technical writing to follow.

Before moving into the components of a user manual, make sure you have worked on three things: 1) collecting information, 2) choosing structure and style, and 3) putting the manual together.

Here are five major components of effective user manuals:

It is the central part or body of the user manual that explains the process. The logical, numbered steps help the user solve the problem. Illustrations can also be used to facilitate component or experience visualization.

2. Content

Avoid technical language whenever there is a risk of isolating audience segments. The best way to make your content super easy is to imagine you are writing for a junior high school student. Tables and graphs can also be included to show how content sections relate, complement, and contrast.

3. Glossary of Terms

Every industry has its language and vocabulary. But some users are not familiar with even the most commonly used terms. A glossary of terms serves as their reference and a home for each term. It eliminates the need for technical writers to restate and re-explain definitions repeatedly.

4. Table of Contents

As a general rule, if a user manual exceeds 10–12 pages, you must use a table of contents. The entries are listed in order of presentation with accompanying page numbers.

5. Precautionary Information

Notes of caution, warnings and danger notices help user safety. They also help the manufacturer address liability concerns related to the product. Also, use universal graphic symbols to present each type of risk to the reader.

A user manual’s content can range from less than a dozen to hundreds of pages. The more complex the product or service, the lengthier the manual. In its ideal state, a user manual is a set of instructions presented in a style and format that helps quick reference and facilitates the product’s success in the market.

Unbounce’s user manual is a sublime example of effective user documentation. Their documentation is easy to navigate, with each step having its table of content to make it easy to find. Refer to their user manual as a standard if you ever write a user manual.

2. API Documentation

Similar to the user manual, API documentation helps guide the user through configuring an API. Before we move to API documentation, let us reveal exactly what API is.

API is the short form for the application programming interface. It is like a bridge between your computer, mobile phone, or other application and external resources.

In simple words, APIs allow the software to interact with other software programs, resources, and databases. Since APIs are built by software developers, it is easier for a software developer to create the documentation.

Moving on to the next part of writing API documentation, here is what you must include.

An Overview

An overview is just like an abstract page of a project report. It contains a summary of the API and the problem it is solving. It also includes the benefits of using the particular API over similar ones.

2. Tutorial

It is the main instructional body of the documentation. A tutorial must include different content formats you are using to explain the concept of the API to the user. It also contains links for reference and a detailed guide for integrating and consuming the API, so it functions properly.

3. Examples

Once you have explained how the API works and provided steps, it is a good idea to show examples of it. Examples of calls, error handling, responses, and other operations can help demonstrate how the developer interacts with the API.

4. Glossary

Although a glossary is optional, it is recommended for your API documentation. Instead of boring the user with long text blocks, explanations of various terms, images, and schemas can be pushed to the glossary. Then you can reference these things in the documentation and link to the glossary.

Stripe API Reference is the best example of API documentation and a work of art. It includes a sleek, two-panel design, with explanations written in plain English on the left and handy code snippets on the right. It has all the crucial information one needs.

3. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

A standard operating procedure or SOP is a set of written instructions. They describe the step-by-step process of performing a routine activity. SOPs follow the same approach every time to guarantee that the organization remains consistent and complies with industry regulations and business standards.

SOPs provide the policies, standards, and processes required for the organization to succeed. They also benefit a business by reducing errors and increasing profitability and efficiencies. They create a comfortable work environment and generate guidelines for how to resolve issues and overcome obstacles.

Before writing the SOP, ensure the writers perform a risk assessment. It will help them determine any obstacles that may arise during the process. They should also consider the risk associated with those obstacles.

Here are the three components that comprise a standard operating procedure.

Title Page: A title page lists the title of the SOP, what it is written for, its SOP identification, and the names and signatures of the people who prepared and approved the manual.
Table of Contents: It provides easy access to the various sections in large SOPs.
Steps of Procedure: It includes explanations of the task’s goal, roles and responsibilities, terminology, regulatory requirements, descriptions of what should be done to complete each step, and a discussion of decisions that must be made. It is the central part and takes the main portion of the SOP.

Once technical writers finish the draft, it must be reviewed, edited, and tested. The process should repeat until all stakeholders have written and approved an SOP. At this point, the SOP can be distributed to each person who needs it.

SOPs record the production line procedures used to train employees and make products. It can also be used in finance and administrative environments to document the processes of customer finance collection. Examples of how an SOP is used can be found in a manufacturing environment.

Both case studies and white papers are the most potent and sought-after types of content. Both can help an organization generate leads for the business. However, both differ in purpose, audience, and funnel stage.

A white paper is a technical document that helps readers understand an issue and devise a strategy to solve a problem or make a decision. It is a lengthy piece of content, at approximately 2,000 words or six pages. White papers can be practical to target people at all steps of the funnel.

One white paper can create awareness of a persona’s problem by targeting someone at the top of the funnel. While a second can focus on advanced product uses, targeting someone at the bottom of the funnel.

The components of a white paper include:

Introduction with a problem statement
Proposed solution

On the other hand, a case study features extended testimonials on how a product or service helped a customer. It is shorter than a white paper and consists of around 800 words. These are best suited for the audiences at the top or middle of the funnel. Use these to create awareness of a problem and show how a solution worked for a real customer.

A case study’s must-have components include:

Executive summary
Outlining customer’s challenges
The leading reader through the customer’s journey
Moment of discovery
Writing solutions as the central part
Walking reader through implementation
Celebrating customer results
Closing with CTA

Gravitate’s setting the stage for success is the best example of how to transform a detailed case study for an easier read. It introduces the customer to give visitors a little background of what they do. Then they dive straight into their role of helping the customer with a robust marketing strategy.

Global Trade Professionals Alliance’s (GTPA) Capacity Building And Standards Development For Inclusive Trade is the top example of a white paper. It starts with an overview of the problem, then states the role of GTPA in solving the problem, and finally, it reveals the outcomes and way forward.

4. Press Releases

A press release is a short yet compelling news story. It is written by a public relations professional and sent to targeted members of the media. Its goal is to press release the interest of a community or business. The press release contains all the necessary information for the journalists to quickly produce their stories.

It is also defined as a brief, printed statement highlighting significant facts of a news story in journalistic style. A press release can read like a news story, written in the third person but cites quotes and sources containing standard press release information.

Press releases are essential as they can be an excellent way to start a dialogue with a report. Journalists usually get dozens of irrelevant press releases every day. So, if you reach out to a reporter with a well-written press release, they may take notice and appreciate it. The press release also helps build credibility and control the narrative. Moreover, it can also build SEO traffic and increase customer engagement with your product or service.

A press release has six essential components. These include:

Data and location
Boiler place

The top example of a press release is Hobby Lobby’s press release . Hobby Lobby is a nationwide retail store that issued a press release announcing an increase in the minimum wage.

With an ongoing debate on minimum wage, the store gave a newsworthy story for corporations to instill a minimum wage increase. Not only did this build a positive brand image, but it also helped attract and retain more staff.

5. Business Plans

A business plan is a technical document that tells the company’s objectives in detail. It also describes the strategies for achieving these objectives. A business plan lays out a written guide for the firm from financial, operational, and marketing standpoints. The startups and established companies use business plans as their basic requirement. A business plan is essential for a company’s external and internal audiences.

For instance, a business plan can be used to bring investment even if the company won’t have an established track record. It can also help secure lending from financial institutions. Additionally, a business plan keeps a company’s executive team on the same page about strategic actions. It helps them meet established goals. Sometimes, a business plan is created for a based business that decides to move in a new direction.

Below are some of the most common components of a business plan.

Market analysis
Products and services
Marketing strategy
Financial planning

A business plan is not as difficult as one might think. It is a written tool about a business that projects 3 to 5 years ahead. It also outlines a company’s path to make money and grow its revenue. Think of your business plan as a living project for your business and not a one-time project. Break it down into mini plans like one for sales, pricing, marketing, and so on.

If you want to write your business plan, know there is no right or wrong way to write it. You can pick a plan format and start writing. It also helps you reach business milestones and get you the required funding. The important thing is that your business plan must meet your needs.

ThoughtCo’s business plan for a fictional company called Acme Management is the best example of a business plan. Its executive summary occupies nearly half the page. So, if you intend to write your business plan, follow this example as your guide.

6. Company Documents

Business or company documents are written papers that represent you, your department, and your company. Whether it is external parties or other stakeholders in your organization, a company document will list them all. For precision, a company document is any sort of format document that is used for business purposes.

Multiple things fall into the company documents category. The list can be extended, but we will only include the most common things considered for a company document.

Accounting Documents
Formal Letters or Memos
Financial Documents
Meeting Summaries
Business Plans
Customer Service Documents
Operational Documents

A company document is not only a representation of your company but also represents you. So, make sure you do a solid job putting these materials together. If you don’t know already, here is how you write the best version of a company document.

First, start with an outline that is well-organized and highly structured to be effective. If you begin writing prematurely, the thoughts will be less structured and repetitive. So, before starting, always do three things: 1) generate ideas, 2) organize, and 3) structure.

Secondly, do not bury the lead. Do not hide the most critical information deep within your writing. In company documents, do not start with a bunch of fluff. You do not need to introduce anyone and build anticipation. A business document should be as streamlined and straightforward as possible.

Thirdly, use active verbs. You do not need to make your business document a thriller; neither should it be dry and bland. Instead, make your documents a little more engaging to keep the audience engaged.

Syngenta’s financial report is the perfect example of a business document. Please give it a read to understand the main components of an excellent company document.

7. Annual Reports

As the name suggests, an annual report is a comprehensive overview of a business’s achievements and financial statements from the preceding year. It also tells the financial status and vision for the future. It is produced annually and provided to shareholders, stakeholders, investors, and others to inform them of the business’s overall performance.

Today, businesses and organizations create different types of annual reports. These are used as a marketing tool for organizations to impress their investors and donors1, showcase their brand to employees and companies, and attract new ones. Each type of annual report is designed with a specific goal in mind.

A standard annual report for a public company must have:

A letter from the CEO
Corporate financial data
Market segment information
Operation and impact
Plans for new products
Subsidiary activities
Research and development activities

Depending on the size of a company, an annual report can range between 20 to 200 pages. Remember that actual human beings read your annual report. So, it must not be filled with fluff. Make it easy to read, review, and understand for the concerned people.

The annual report’s main section should include the following as its components:

A table of contents
Mission and vision statement
CSR initiatives
An afterword
Charts, graphs, and tables

Concerning annual reports, MailChimp’s name tops the list for great examples. With bold colors and playful illustrations, the 2020 report feels more like a video game than a regular annual report. It includes yearly traditional report content, like information about products and sales, as well as fun anecdotes about their culture and data about value-based initiatives they will take. As a result, an exciting and entertaining recap of the year comes is formed.

6 Steps to Craft the Best Technical Document in 2022

After you know all the best technical writing examples, it is time to write one. But what if you write a technical document and no one reads it? To avoid this, here are six steps that one must follow to create a technical document that everyone loves to read.

1. Know Your Audience

Knowing your audience is indispensable, especially when creating technical content for a product or service. For instance, a cab driver may have a different level of knowledge and understanding than a doctor reading your SOPs.

So, before you write or even create an outline, make sure you have a clear idea of who your readers are. Knowing this lets you adjust your tone, vocabulary, and framing accordingly. It also helps you to meet your readers’ needs from their point of knowledge.

2. Do Your Research

As a technical writer, you have to guide your readers through unfamiliar territory. For this, you must know everything about that particular thing. Otherwise, it will be unwise to expect a tremendous technical document. Remember, you can only teach what you thoroughly know and understand. A knowledge gap is immediately visible when you are not thorough in your research.

The best way to do this is to place yourself in your reader’s shoes. Then, imagine you had zero knowledge of a particular thing. Doing this will force you to cover all the potential questions that come to your mind.

3. Craft an Outline

An outline is essential because it gives a roadmap of what to cover in your piece. It can also help identify knowledge gaps as you conduct your research. A longer form of technical content, like white papers and case studies, always requires an outline. It serves as their marker to remind you of what you need to include in your technical document.

Some technical writing , like business plans and annual reports, has predefined formats. You can also use a template in place of an outline.

All in all, crafting an outline is an essential component of writing great technical content.

4. Prioritize Readability

Technical writing is more fact-based rather than entertaining. So, to tackle complicated topics, use sentences that are easily readable and can make your work more enjoyable to read.

In contrast, if you are verbose in your sentences and use words that are hard to understand, you will only frustrate your reader. To improve the readability of your technical content writing, apply these tips:

Use shorter, direct sentences that are easy to follow. Avoid passive voice wherever possible.
Add subheadings to break up the long texts for better readability.
Bold text and highlight paragraphs for emphasis and improving readability.
Add hyperlinks for web pages to reference and navigate to other sections of your piece.

5. Add Visuals

A technical document is all about words and sentences, but if you add visuals, it makes both writing and reading easier. Adding visuals is becoming less of an option and a necessity today. With flowcharts, illustrations, screenshots, and more, a technical document needs a dose of visuals to look presentable.

Whether creating a user manual or business documents, your reader will be happy to see product drawings, pie charts displaying the numbers, and more.

6. Cut the Fluff

Once you have written the technical document, the final part is to double-check the facts and cut the unnecessary information.

But what exactly is fluff? Fluff is anything that does not add value to your content; instead, it negatively impacts the understanding of your text. It can be a word, a sentence, or a phrase — if you find it, cut it off. Every word in your technical document must add value to your reader’s life.

Once you know the steps to write a technical document, it is time to learn the tips that will help you write effectively.

Tips for Improving Technical Writing

Poor writing affects the reader’s understanding of the product. It also damages the reputation of the company. So, how do you make your technical writing more inspiring and practical? Below are the five tips that will make your technical writing superb, even if you are just starting writing.

Stick to a technical writing style
Use plain language
Give important information first
Clear sentence structure
Don’t use passive voice

Good technical writing is not easy to achieve and often quite challenging to find. However, with these technical writing tips, you can take your writing to the next level and maximize the value you provide to your audience.

Now that you’ve read this guide, remember the document you create represents your company. If it’s written poorly, the user will consider it useless, and the company’s reputation will be at risk.

On the other hand, if it’s written well and follows every instruction, it will enhance user understanding, and the company will attract more attention.

So, read this guide carefully and create your technical documents accordingly. Whatever type of technical document you write, follow the rules defined above, and they will improve your skills. Always keep a note of your mistakes and things you have learned, and never stop honing your skills.

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20 Most Prominent Technology Essay Topics And Writing Hints

Table of Contents

So it goes without saying that the scope of technology is an endless sphere to examine. What’s more, as the topic is super wide, you can personalize your essay to make it enjoyable to work on.

Nevertheless, it may be a challenge for you to make up your mind on how and what to write about. In this case, I hope the following hints will be of great help to you!

How to choose a topic about technology for a research paper?

First of all, to write a technology essay , you need to come up with a topic that will not be too wide, yet not too narrow.

Also, remember that it will be much more entertaining and easier for you to work on the questions you actually enjoy.

If you have troubles composing the topic for your research paper, try some o the following guidelines:

Think of the aspects of technology you’re interested in.
Choose issues that are up-to-date and newsworthy .
Examine credible sources ; find out which questions are best covered with relevant information.
Write down some keywords for the remaining questions, – they will be the basis of the topic. In case you’ve got too many aspects to cover, try choosing 2-3 of them.
Try crafting a couple of topics . In case of emergency… find some ready-to-use ideas.
Look through your final ideas and pick the one you like most.
Do some preliminary research . Correct your topic if needed.

Prominent topics about technology for writing

Didn’t like any of the topics above? Well, we’ve got Well, we’ve got another custom Writing list of technology topics. The following topics are more specific, but all of them are definitely thought-provoking.

The use of technology in education.
Stunning technology developed currently.
The most shocking modern technology inventions the majority of people still aren’t aware of.
Enumerate some technologies that you consider completely destructive and harmful. Explain your choice.
Technology and space studies.
The impact of technology on people’s health and values.
Can robots replace humans completely on the workplaces? Why?
Specific country and its contribution to the development of modern technology.
Technology and safety of transport.
Nanotechnologies and the scopes of their use.
The use of technologies in medicine.
Which technologies may influence people’s mental health? How?
Technologies that have changed our lives.
Do technologies have a positive or negative effect on personal safety?
Does modern technology help improve the educational process?

Writing about technology: the what and the why

After you’ve chosen the topic, it’s a perfect time to start working on it.

Remember… To write a successful essay or a research paper on technology, you need to organize it all well.

This means you need a plan! Here are some hints for a perfect structure:

Search for relevant information . You have to rely on credible sources to have up-to-date and newsworthy data. Remember that some websites may contain fakes!
Note some crucial aspects of your question. Later you may use them as ideas to highlight.
Start writing. To make it easier to cope with a lot of information you now encounter, you’d need to craft an outline . Write down a table of contents for your essay, it will be your soil to push off.
Start with the introduction to give the reader some understanding of the issue. Here you include some background information on the topic, historical aspect, or some definitions if needed.
Write the main body . Mention all your statements and support them with decent evidence. Remember that the main body should be split into paragraphs to make it readable. As a rule, one paragraph is for one idea or statement.
End up with a conclusion – an inference of everything said before. It has to be laconic and logical. New ideas aren’t needed here.
After you’ve written the paper, you may want to check it for grammar and typos . There are lots of websites and programs for this purpose. Even better, leave it for a couple of days and give it a fresh look.

The use of a technology essay example

To reassure you that writing a technology essay isn’t the end of the world, here is a free sample of the essay. It fits all the general recommendations, but you should always keep in mind that your teacher may have own vision on how the essay should be completed!

Still, it’s always great to grab some ideas!

Overall, writing an essay on technology is an incredibly valuable experience. Moreover, the topic is so wide; you most definitely will find something interesting to talk about!

Stick to the structure and don’t hesitate to discover something very specific. Technology is getting more and more stunning every day!

No time to complete your brilliant copy? We’ve got a bunch of writers, who’d be more than happy to write it for you! Any topic, tightest deadline, complete confidentiality. Hit the button to learn more.

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Technical Writing and Its Types Essay

Introduction.

As a form of technical communication, Technical Writing is applied in such spheres as computer software and hardware, and other technical fields, including engineering and machinery. Technical writers, either professionals or amateurs indulge in technical writing by shaping an understanding of the purpose of the technical document they plan to create. They should be professionals in the above-identified areas to gather information and present proper technical writing. Due to its orientation on the audience and sources, Technical Writing should be concise, clear, and complete because it helps the reader to grasp a full idea of the document.

The emergence of Technical Writing dates back to the World War during which the need for technical documentation appeared in such fields as electronics, manufacturing, military, and aerospace industry. Later in 1953, the technical communication practice has been developed into the discipline by two organizations – the Association of Technical Writers and Editors and the Society of Technical Writers. In 1957, these organizations were united and created the Society of Technical Writers and Editors, which further became the predecessor of the modern Society for Technical Communication.

The core feature of Technical Writing is audience analysis through communication served to render specific information to the target audience for specific purposes. There are procedural technical writing and persuasive technical writing. The former translates technical instructions and concepts whereas the latter is aimed at selling products and altering behaviors. Technical writers apply a presentational approach while delivering technical documents because of the context and purposes of Technical Writing.

Most technical documents include headings, short paragraph structure, and plain and laconic style of details exposition. Technical writing is based on a top-down strategy which implies the representation of the main ideas at the beginning and further elaboration on this idea. It is also important to note that technical documents often have specific types of representation. Therefore, Technical Writing expands opportunities for readers to learn more information.

Technical writers use various types of electronic communication equipment for accomplishing their work. According to 2010 statistics, the Median salary of technical writers equals about $ 63,000 annually and about $ 30 per hour. There exist about 50,000 types of jobs for technical writers with experience from 1 to 5 years. In order to become a technical writer, you need to obtain a bachelor’s degree.

In terms of writing style, level of knowledge exchange, and audience, Technical Writing can be split into three types. The first one involves end-user assistance in which data product allows a user to grasp the way hardware and software products should be used. Traditional technical documentation is another type of Technical Writing that aims to communicate to a particular audience. This category includes such documents as engineering specifications, reference works, research papers, technical journals, annual reports, and repair manuals.

Marketing communication is a type of technical writing which involves the description of products and services in the form of a catalog, advertisements, brochures, press releases, and home pages of web sites. Technical Writing is often represented as online help for users who need to receive accurate instruction for handling a specific device.

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IvyPanda. (2023, November 1). Technical Writing and Its Types. https://ivypanda.com/essays/technical-writing-and-its-types/

"Technical Writing and Its Types." IvyPanda , 1 Nov. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/technical-writing-and-its-types/.

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How to Write a Technical Essay

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Unlike a personal or an expository essay, technical essays are intended to educate and inform about a technical topic. They tend to have a more regimented format than other types of essays. They naturally include an introduction, a body and a conclusion, but they also include elements that make them more like research documentation, including references and an abstract. Thus, writing one requires a sense of organization and credibility.

Essay Purpose

The technical essay is intended to explore a technical or scientific subject, to explain how to carry out a particular technical task, or to argue for a particular method of doing something. Essays could involve subjects in mathematics, computer science, physics or any other topic that could benefit from a written explanation of the processes required to complete a task or the reasons a researcher chose a particular method.

Essay Format

In general, these types of essays follow a similar format as research or other academic papers. If you're writing the technical essay for a specific journal or a college course, check whether there are any specific requirements for formatting your essay. You may be required to use a specific font in a specific size, for example, or justify the paragraphs to the left-hand side of the page without paragraph indentations. In addition, you may have specific requirements for how to format the section titles and reference materials or works cited. Research papers often employ the American Psychological Association, or APA, citation style. In an academic setting, not getting these elements perfect could cause you to lose points; in a business setting, poor formatting could make you look like an amateur.

Essay Structure

A technical essay typically presents a question, details the methods explored to answer the question, and then presents a conclusion. Like with academic research papers, start off with a compelling title that describes the question you seek to answer or the methods you're going to describe, then begin with a section titled "Abstract" that details your question or method, your process of inquiry and your conclusion, all in a brief paragraph of a few sentences. Following that, create headings such as "Introduction" -- sometimes also called a "Thesis" -- and then "Methodology" and "Conclusion." Create this structure first, and then make a few notes about what you plan to include in each section. Creating this structure first can help you start to organize your thoughts and make the task of filling in the details less overwhelming.

Filling in the Sections

In the "Introduction" section, describe why you decided to explore this particular topic and why it might matter to the readers; the Writing Center at Harvard University also suggests to provide the background historical context that precipitated your inquiry. Follow this up with a description of what you're going to explore in the subsequent paragraphs, then dive into the details of your exploration in the "Methodology" section. If you carried out several experiments or explored several questions in your research, you might need to break this section down further and create subheads that describe your practices. Throughout the section, stick to tight, declarative sentences that describe the methodology as clearly and simply as possible. If you're explaining a complicated process, use bullet points to visually break up each step and make it easier for the reader to digest. In the "Conclusion" section, briefly review your question and methodology again, and describe what result you've come to through this process. At the very end, include your references.

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Nicole Vulcan has been a journalist since 1997, covering parenting and fitness for The Oregonian, careers for CareerAddict, and travel, gardening and fitness for Black Hills Woman and other publications. Vulcan holds a Bachelor of Arts in English and journalism from the University of Minnesota. She's also a lifelong athlete and is pursuing certification as a personal trainer.

54 Most Interesting Technology Research Topics for 2023

May 30, 2023

Scrambling to find technology research topics for the assignment that’s due sooner than you thought? Take a scroll down these 54 interesting technology essay topics in 10 different categories, including controversial technology topics, and some example research questions for each.

Social technology research topics

Whether you have active profiles on every social media platform, you’ve taken a social media break, or you generally try to limit your engagement as much as possible, you probably understand how pervasive social technologies have become in today’s culture. Social technology will especially appeal to those looking for widely discussed, mainstream technology essay topics.

How do viewers respond to virtual influencers vs human influencers? Is one more effective or ethical over the other?
Across social media platforms, when and where is mob mentality most prevalent? How do the nuances of mob mentality shift depending on the platform or topic?
Portable devices like cell phones, laptops, and tablets have certainly made daily life easier in some ways. But how have they made daily life more difficult?
How does access to social media affect developing brains? And what about mature brains?
Can dating apps alter how users perceive and interact with people in real life?
Studies have proven “doomscrolling” to negatively impact mental health—could there ever be any positive impacts?

Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology research topics

Following cryptocurrency and blockchain technology has been a rollercoaster the last few years. And since Bitcoin’s conception in 2009, cryptocurrency has consistently showed up on many lists of controversial technology topics.

Is it ethical for celebrities or influential people to promote cryptocurrencies or cryptographic assets like NFTs ?
What are the environmental impacts of mining cryptocurrencies? Could those impacts ever change?
How does cryptocurrency impact financial security and financial health?
Could the privacy cryptocurrency offers ever be worth the added security risks?
How might cryptocurrency regulations and impacts continue to evolve?
Created to enable cryptocurrency, blockchain has since proven useful in several other industries. What new uses could blockchain have?

Artificial intelligence technology research topics

We started 2023 with M3GAN’s box office success, and now we’re fascinated (or horrified) with ChatGPT , voice cloning , and deepfakes . While people have discussed artificial intelligence for ages, recent advances have really pushed this topic to the front of our minds. Those searching for controversial technology topics should pay close attention to this one.

OpenAI –the company behind ChatGPT–has shown commitment to safe, moderated AI tools that they hope will provide positive benefits to society. Sam Altman, their CEO, recently testified before a US Senate He described what AI makes possible and called for more regulation in the industry. But even with companies like OpenAI displaying efforts to produce safe AI and advocating for regulations, can AI ever have a purely positive impact? Are certain pitfalls unavoidable?
In a similar vein, can AI ever actually be ethically or safely produced? Will there always be certain risks?
How might AI tools impact society across future generations?
Countless movies and television shows explore the idea of AI going wrong, going back all the way to 1927’s Metropolis . What has a greater impact on public perception—representations in media or industry developments? And can public perception impact industry developments and their effectiveness?

Beauty and anti-aging technology

Throughout human history, people in many cultures have gone to extreme lengths to capture and maintain a youthful beauty. But technology has taken the pursuit of beauty and youth to another level. For those seeking technology essay topics that are both timely and timeless, this one’s a gold mine.

With augmented reality technology, companies like Perfect allow app users to virtually try on makeup, hair color, hair accessories, and hand or wrist accessories. Could virtual try-ons lead to a somewhat less wasteful beauty industry? What downsides should we consider?
Users of the Perfect app can also receive virtual diagnoses for skin care issues and virtually “beautify” themselves with smoothed skin, erased blemishes, whitened teeth, brightened under-eye circles, and reshaped facial structures. How could advancements in beauty and anti-aging technology affect self-perception and mental health?
What are the best alternatives to animal testing within the beauty and anti-aging industry?
Is anti-aging purely a cosmetic pursuit? Could anti-aging technology provide other benefits?
Could people actually find a “cure” to aging? And could a cure to aging lead to longer lifespans?
How might longer human lifespans affect the Earth?

Geoengineering technology research topics

An umbrella term, geoengineering refers to large-scale technologies that can alter the earth and its climate. Typically, these types of technologies aim to combat climate change. Those searching for controversial technology topics should consider looking into this one.

What benefits can solar geoengineering provide? Can they outweigh the severe risks?
Compare solar geoengineering methods like mirrors in space, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and other proposed methods. How have these methods evolved? How might they continue to evolve?
Which direct air capture methods are most sustainable?
How can technology contribute to reforestation efforts?
What are the best uses for biochar? And how can biochar help or harm the earth?
Out of all the carbon geoengineering methods that exist or have been proposed, which should we focus on the most?

Creative and performing arts technology topics

While tensions often arise between artists and technology, they’ve also maintained a symbiotic relationship in many ways. It’s complicated. But of course, that’s what makes it interesting. Here’s another option for those searching for timely and timeless technology essay topics.

How has the relationship between art and technology evolved over time?
How has technology impacted the ways people create art? And how has technology impacted the ways people engage with art?
Technology has made creating and viewing art widely accessible. Does this increased accessibility change the value of art? And do we value physical art more than digital art?
Does technology complement storytelling in the performing arts? Or does technology hinder storytelling in the performing arts?
Which current issues in the creative or performing arts could potentially be solved with technology?

Cellular agriculture technology research topics

And another route for those drawn to controversial technology topics: cellular agriculture. You’ve probably heard about popular plant-based meat options from brands like Impossible and Beyond Meat . While products made with cellular agriculture also don’t require the raising and slaughtering of livestock, they are not plant-based. Cellular agriculture allows for the production of animal-sourced foods and materials made from cultured animal cells.

Many consumers have a proven bias against plant-based meats. Will that same bias extend to cultured meat, despite cultured meat coming from actual animal cells?
Which issues can arise from patenting genes?
Does the animal agriculture industry provide any benefits that cellular agriculture may have trouble replicating?
How might products made with cellular agriculture become more affordable?
Could cellular agriculture conflict with the notion of a “ circular bioeconomy ?” And should we strive for a circular bioeconomy? Can we create a sustainable relationship between technology, capitalism, and the environment, with or without cellular agriculture?

Transportation technology research topics

For decades, we’ve expected flying cars to carry us into a techno-utopia, where everything’s shiny, digital, and easy. We’ve heard promises of super fast trains that can zap us across the country or even across the world. We’ve imagined spring breaks on the moon, jet packs, and teleportation. Who wouldn’t love the option to go anywhere, anytime, super quickly? Transportation technology is another great option for those seeking widely discussed, mainstream technology essay topics.

Once upon a time, Lady Gaga was set to perform in space as a promotion for Virgin Galactic . While Virgin Galactic never actually launched the iconic musician/actor, soon, they hope to launch their first commercial flight full of civilians–who paid $450,000 a pop–on a 90-minute trip into the stars. And if you think that’s pricey, SpaceX launched three businessmen into space for $55 million in April, 2022 (though with meals included, this is actually a total steal). So should we be launching people into space just for fun? What are the impacts of space tourism?
Could technology improve the way hazardous materials get transported?
How can the 5.9 GHz Safety Band affect drivers?
Which might be safer: self-driving cars or self-flying airplanes?
Compare hyperloop and maglev Which is better and why?
Can technology improve safety for cyclists?

Gaming technology topics

A recent study involving over 2000 children found links between video game play and enhanced cognitive abilities. While many different studies have found the impacts of video games to be positive or neutral, we still don’t fully understand the impact of every type of video game on every type of brain. Regardless, most people have opinions on video gaming. So this one’s for those seeking widely discussed, mainstream, and controversial technology topics.

Are different types or genres of video games more cognitively beneficial than others? Or are certain gaming consoles more cognitively beneficial than others?
How do the impacts of video games differ from other types of games, such as board games or puzzles?
What ethical challenges and safety risks come with virtual reality gaming?
How does a player perceive reality during a virtual reality game compared to during other types of video games?
Can neurodivergent brains benefit from video games in different ways than neurotypical brains?

Medical technology

Advancements in healthcare have the power to change and save lives. In the last ten years, countless new medical technologies have been developed, and in the next ten years, countless more will likely emerge. Always relevant and often controversial, this final technology research topic could interest anyone.

Which ethical issues might arise from editing genes using CRISPR-Cas9 technology? And should this technology continue to be illegal in the United States?
How has telemedicine impacted patients and the healthcare they receive?
Can neurotechnology devices potentially affect a user’s agency, identity, privacy, and/or cognitive liberty?
How could the use of medical 3-D printing continue to evolve?
Are patients more likely to skip digital therapeutics than in-person therapeutic methods? And can the increased screen-time required by digital therapeutics impact mental health

What do you do next?

Now that you’ve picked from this list of technology essay topics, you can do a deep dive and immerse yourself in new ideas, new information, and new perspectives. And of course, now that these topics have motivated you to change the world, look into the best computer science schools , the top feeders to tech and Silicon Valley , the best summer programs for STEM students , and the best biomedical engineering schools .

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Mariya holds a BFA in Creative Writing from the Pratt Institute and is currently pursuing an MFA in writing at the University of California Davis. Mariya serves as a teaching assistant in the English department at UC Davis. She previously served as an associate editor at Carve Magazine for two years, where she managed 60 fiction writers. She is the winner of the 2015 Stony Brook Fiction Prize, and her short stories have been published in Mid-American Review , Cutbank , Sonora Review , New Orleans Review , and The Collagist , among other magazines.

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Latest Technology Research Topics

If you want to write about the latest technological inventions, consider technology research paper topics in this category. Here are some of them.

3D algorithms – Discuss their use in computer programming languages and the game video games’ development
Explain the inefficient use of 3D printers in today’s society
Ad Server – Explain technology use in advertising
Explain the evolution of artificial intelligence
Explain the concept of auto text summarization
Explain the process of building energy conservation designs
Compare and contrast online learning and face-to-face learning
Explain how cloud computing has changed how data is processed and stored in servers
How do cell phones make humans depend on one another?
Can the use of cell phones lead to brain cancer?
Can genetic food modification technology be used to solve the world hunger problem?
Discuss the undefined guidelines or rules that are followed in business technology
Discuss the computer-aided control technology
Discuss the computer-aided manufacture and design
Explain how social media technology is helping in the creation of new families
Explain the use of data mining technology in detecting technical theft and fraud
Explain the effectiveness of the use of electronic surveillance to protect properties from possible dangers
Explain how phishing can be stopped completely
Explain how imaginaire has changed how people relate
Why is the use of cell phones when driving risky?

These are just some of the latest technology-related topics. However, students should choose topics they find interesting and then conduct extensive research to find adequate and relevant data.

Amazing Technology Debate Topics

Are you looking for debatable technology essay topics? If yes, here are examples of such topics to consider.

Explain how smart clothes or technology-compatible fashions have become a future wave
Explain how voting fraud is a major problem because voting machines are easy to compromise
How are tech companies overshadowing technology security
Apple versus Samsung – Which company is the technology giant?
Are Apple products designed and built to last?
Android versus Apple – Who makes better devices?
Are plasma televisions on their way out?
How better can robots be in comparison to humans?
Are entrepreneurs spending too much on tech start-ups?
Can this time in history be described as the Age of Hacks?
Why should you prefer Apple products?
Do you like the autoplay feature for Facebook videos?
Are you worried that your email account could be hacked?
Are Firefox and Yahoo going against Google when it comes to diminishing its influence and growth?
Are you worried about having your USB device hacked?
Can you trust anti-surveillance software?
Can books be replaced by technology?
Can cell phones be used as educational tools?
How important is a website for a modern company?
Will consoles every reach the level of personal computers?

Interesting Technology Topics

If looking for hot topics in technology, consider some of the ideas in this category. Here are some of the most interesting research topics on technology that you should consider.

Are medical apps reliable?
How has the internet made outsourcing easier?
Is Bitcoin safe and reliable?
How can technology be used to manage healthcare in the cloud?
Will self-driving cars be safe?
How effective are video surveillance and smart homes?
Are digital voting machines encouraging voter fraud or paving way for the future?
Are children spending excessive time on the internet?
Is gene editing ethical?
What are the Blockchain technology basics?
Why is virtual gaming and reality so popular?
How addictive are video games?
Why are teenagers avoiding some social media platforms?
Are VPN sketchy or safe?
What does a transition from 4G to 5G means?
What is the future of video streaming?
How have technology advances changed IT support?
Explain what companies are doing to beat hackers?
Explain the concept of online shopping and augmented reality
Explain GGI advancements in videogames and movies

These are some of the best computer technology topics to consider if you want to research and write about something interesting. Nevertheless, you should be ready to research extensively to find relevant and factual data to support your argument.

Controversial Technology Topics

Learners have many controversial topics in technology to consider. These are engaging and relatable topics that many people find controversial. Here are examples of such topics:

How dangerous are cell phones?
What are the emerging alternative energy forms?
Are digital tools making humans less or more productive?
How different is the world in which kids under the age of 12 are growing compared to those in colleges?
Is the world having a throw-away society?
Explain the drone warfare
How can technology be used to prevent pregnancy among teens?
Should the internet be censored or controlled?
Digital learning is changing education and schools- Explain
Explain the use of filthy language on the internet
Explain how technology is influencing the education system
Is technology turning humans into zombies?
How can technology be used to regulate the human diet?
Should technological developments be accessed by people across the world equally?
Should identity chips be implanted under the human skin?
How is technology influencing behavior among children?
How have human lives changed because of technology?
How is digital learning changing education and classrooms
Are Smartphones reducing live communication?
What are the negative effects of new technologies?

This category has some of the best educational technology topics. Some of them are also great technology presentation topics. However, students should research them extensively and use reliable sources to find quality data to support their arguments.

Technology Argumentative Essay Topics

Perhaps, you’re looking for technology essays topics that allow you to take a stance. In that case, you should choose the topics in this category. Here are examples of the best topics in this category.

Cell phones are too harmful
Video games are too violent for children
How good are mobile apps for learning
Are the existing technologies making people lonely?
Modern people are technological zombies
Young people are too dependent on Smartphones and computers
Modern teens are over depending on information technologies
Is texting an effective way to communicate?
Spy applications are an invasion of mobile phones privacy
Explain how cyber-bullying can be blocked effectively
Explain how Google has affected society
How people have become anti-social because of technology
Explain the pros and cons of using mobile phones
Explain how technology makes people feel lonely
Some computer games are partly the cause of mass murder

These can also be great technology speech topics. Nevertheless, they also require extensive research to come up with great papers.

Information Technology Topics

In addition to science and technology topics, students can also write on different information technology research topics. Examples of such topics include:

How information technologies will change human life in 20 years
Explain what governments are doing to regulate how people use the internet
Explain the long-term effects of information technology
Does the use of the internet to communicate bring humans closer together?
Compare the human brain function and how computers work

Information technology research paper topics are very common in high schools and colleges. They are also common in social science studies. That’s because they enable learners to evaluate the impact of modern technologies on human behaviors. You can also check our computer science topics .

In addition to these categories, learners can also choose topics in business technology, science and technology topics, as well as, technology security topics. The most important thing is to select a topic you can comfortably research and write about.

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348 Interesting Proposal Essay Topics and Ideas for 2024

A proposal argument is an essay in which you describe a specific issue that needs fixing. It focuses on problem solutions.

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Are you interested in writing high-quality proposal essays? Or maybe you’re wondering what can make your writing truly outstanding? Here you will find answers to these questions as well as 348 brilliant proposal essay topics collected by Custom-writing.org .

🔝 Top 10 Topics

📝 What Is a Proposal Essay?

🌐 Environment Topics
👔 Business Topics
🎓 Education Topicsn
🏥 Healthcare Topics
💸 Economics Topics
🎭 Culture Topics
🖊️ Other Topics
💡 Writing Guide & Example
✏️ Frequent Questions

🔝 Top 10 Proposal Essay Topics

How to deal with job burnouts.
The ways to deal with exam stress.
Better methods of tree harvesting.
Embracing cycling for the environment.
Deforestation: raising awareness.
Use of gamification in online education.
Do positive affirmations improve one’s health?
Community involvement for crime prevention.
Grading system to encourage student development.
Public transport use for air pollution prevention.

A proposal argument is an essay focused on an issue that needs fixing. In it, you propose solutions as a response to a problem.

The picture shows the definition of a proposal essay.

Before writing a proposal, it’s important to know that it’s a type of argumentation. Argumentation is the process of persuading the reader via reasoning and evidence. This means that your proposal essay’s aim is to influence the audience’s beliefs and actions. If you perform argumentation correctly, you can convince even the most skeptical readers.

Before you start writing, you need a topic to work with. If your instructor didn’t assign you one, you would need to do some research and brainstorming.

Want to save yourself some time? Then check the proposal essay topics list below.

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🌐 Project Proposal Ideas: Environment

The environment is degrading as globalization’s negative impact becomes increasingly apparent. That’s why it’s a good idea to propose a solution to this issue. For instance, you can focus on innovations that can help stop global warming.

How can an individual change their routine in an environment-friendly way? Environmental consciousness is a crucial part of living in the modern era. People can adjust their lifestyle to bring more benefits to the world. List environmentally conscious practices that anyone can do.
Who are the most significant contributors to climate change ? A variety of factors lead to global warming . Some of them are minuscule, while others are much bigger. Knowing them will help us prevent irreversible damage to the biology of our planet.
Which parts of the world will be most affected by the melting ice? Melting ice sheets are one of the consequences of climate change . The rising of sea levels leads to the additional release of CO2 into the air. Analyze these phenomena and become more aware of the issues.
How can people emotionally cope with the irreversibility of climate change ? The nature of climate change is difficult to reconcile with emotionally. Some may feel despair or dissatisfaction with human development. Write about techniques to understand one’s place within the world.
Technological advancement: gateway to pollution or a solution to a problem? Technology is developing with the advancement of civilization. It’s facilitated by the need to solve problems that arise with the progress. Is further progress able to mend the mistakes of the past? Or will it serve to exacerbate existing issues even further? Answer this question in your essay.
How do pet owners contribute to pollution, and what are environmentally friendly options for them?
What energy sources can help reduce global warming?
How can we battle famine and food waste excess at the same time?
Ways to manage water resources in India during the summer.
What is the most efficient energy type people can use?
An action plan of how to wisely use coal resources.
How can we protect woods in Australia from fires?
What is energy conservation , and what are its benefits?
The most effective solutions to land degradation.
Implementing renewable energy technology in developing countries.
Floating cleaning devices as a way to battle ocean pollution .
Ways to measure air pollution in remote areas.
Forest conservation as a method to preserve biodiversity .
How can we reduce the damage that dams cause the environment?
How can we stop desertification?
Casual veganism as a way to manage food resources with a growing population.
How should we educate students about environmentally-friendly behavior?
Investigate the powers of new energy sources . How could they help us?
What are the most effective ways to prevent deforestation ?
Biodegradable materials as a substitute for plastic.
What is the best solution to the problem of plastic bags ?
How can countries promote bicycle use for short journeys?
How can governments tackle the problem of electronic waste ? Contrast export to developing countries vs. recycling.
Using electricity from wind to reduce global warming.
Evaporative coolers as green alternatives to air conditioners.
What are the benefits of zero-waste living, and what solutions can communities implement straight away?

👔 Proposal Argument Essay Topics: Business

Business is a relevant topic that offers an array of essay ideas. From improving business performance to developing effective marketing strategies, you can easily craft a proposal paper that may be useful for your future career.

The effects of lockdowns on consumer buying power. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that extreme circumstances are dangerous to the economy. It also offers insights into how to avoid making the same mistakes. Analyze them with this proposal topic idea in business.
Personal qualities of a leader . Leadership is a challenging function to perform. A good leader is careful and daring, stern and understanding. To define a leader, take into account their personal qualities.
A healthy work environment as a gateway to business success. While many other factors are essential to consider, cultivating a healthy environment is especially beneficial to a developing business.
Customer satisfaction and communication styles: which approaches are the most beneficial? The way a business approaches communication greatly influences its brand image . Some strategies to speaking with clients are tested and true. Others are less valued in the corporate setting.
Business and crime: the portrayal of corporate crime in the media. Companies often fall into the limelight for negative reasons. Some of these are related to executives’ individual actions. Or, it can be the decisions made on the corporate level.
How can small businesses recover quickly after an economic crisis?
Preferring local farmers to the international grocery chains to support the development of small businesses.
What are the methods to eliminate the erosion of trust in business?
When bankruptcy is coming, what are the ways out with minimum damage?
Paid internships as a solution for youth unemployment .
What are the benefits of keeping private emails available at the workplace?
Overtime payments as a way to prevent qualified teachers from leaving.
How should parents educate their children in finances?
How can we reduce the underemployment rates?
What should a customer do if they notice that a salesperson is lying?
Ways to prevent misunderstanding with customer rights.
Healthy snacks, corporate weekends, and gym memberships as ways to support employee motivation.
What is the best way to create an ethical policy in a company?
Discuss the benefits of advanced training instead of firing in cases of low performance.
Volunteering at college as a way to boost the graduate’s CV.
How should companies adjust their policies to attract talented students ?
What is corporate responsibility , and how can it be improved?
Innovative ideas on creating more jobs with the help of social media .
How can we make opening a business be more accessible for students?
Suggest how small businesses can survive national riots.
Outsourcing as a solution for backup business activities.
What transformations does corporate culture need for more effective mergers?
Training programs for effective assimilation of new employees.
The use of performance feedback for retention of valuable employees.
What e-commerce strategies can be used to attract new customers?

🎓 Project Proposal Title Ideas in Education

Issues in education are always high on the agenda. Many topics need closer inspection, from supporting teachers to improving students’ educational outcomes. Check out these school-related suggestions for your proposal.

Punishment as motivation: effectiveness and consequences. Fear of repercussions is capable of influencing human actions. It’s often discussed in relation to rules. Consider how the prospect of punishment affects people’s incentive to learn.
How effective is the process of learning among older adults? The pace at which people learn information can differ. Discussing how education among older people differs from younger people is an excellent proposal paper idea. Use it to further the discussion and bring about understanding.
Education systems throughout the years: how the way we educate children has changed. Education is a field where changes are inevitable. We continuously discover more and more about the world. Meanwhile, we develop new ways to impart knowledge to others. What changes are more effective than others? You can focus the research on your school or college.
Historical revisionism in education. A lot of what people know about history relies on accounts of the past. We process them through our current understanding of those times. In most cases, history is relayed somewhat accurately. Still, there are instances of intentional misinformation.
Education in a non-classroom environment. Classrooms are a long-standing staple of the education sphere. They serve as the formal space where students learn and practice their skills. However, they’re not the most efficient environment for some situations. What approaches may be more suitable for different activities?
Best ways to let educational shows have more airtime on TV.
How can you improve the effectiveness of language courses?
The benefits of implementing more foreign languages into the school curriculum.
Effective ways for teachers to prevent bullying in schools.
The best solutions for boosting reading comprehension in preschool.
Why is sex education essential, and how do you convince schools to include it?
Letting students learn from mistakes instead of failing them.
The most fruitful ways for parents to get children interested in science .
What methods can teachers use instead of grading ?
Psychological support for students coming from teachers.
What psychological techniques can teachers use to motivate students ?
How can students prevent procrastination?
Educating students about their health as a mandatory practice.
How can students make the most of the time they spend on physical activity at school?
Simple ways to talk on taboo topics with kids.
Best ways to enjoy and benefit from a subject you don’t like.
What are the advantages of separating classes according to gender?
Ways to limit smartphone usage at schools.
Should practical classes and debates substitute lectures ?
Self-esteem boosting practices for students and teachers.
Programs encouraging students to do sports more frequently.
Exercises improving students’ reading comprehension .
How can you adapt standardized tests to the needs of ESL students and students with learning disabilities?
What classroom activities can improve students’ motivation and involvement?
Social support for young teachers in rural areas.

🏥 Proposal Essay Ideas: Healthcare

An essay on healthcare can go in various directions. One way is to explore patient-physician relationships. Alternatively, you could look at the system as a whole. Below you’ll find plenty of proposal topics to choose from.

The use of music in therapy and recovery programs. It’s undeniable that music has a profound psychological influence on individuals. The use of music can open new possibilities for faster recovery. It can also make medical procedures more pleasant.
Communication with patients as a treatment method. Communication plays a vital role in the medical field. Doctors are the main assistants and confidants for their patients. They can not only assist in overseeing treatment but also participate in healthy interactions.
Mobility devices with increased accessibility and maneuver potential. Wheelchairs are a large part of many individuals’ lives. Still, the progress of designing other types of mobility devices is slow. How can we accelerate it?
The stigma around wheelchair use among disabled people. The use of wheelchairs is generally accepted and understood. Yet, this trend is not fully translated to all of the population. Decreasing the stigma around the practice is a great medical topic for a proposal essay.

The picture enumerates the main components of healthcare.

Private and public healthcare : pricing and accessibility. Healthcare is an issue that concerns everyone. Some may have the necessary resources to take care of their needs. Others are not as fortunate. In your essay, propose the most effective strategy to address the lack of readily available healthcare.
How can we decrease the rate of in-hospital deaths among minorities?
Organ donation: raising awareness.
Physical education: how can we ensure positive sports experiences?
The healthcare in minority groups: medical treatment and the LGBTQ .
Does the patient’s privacy always need to be a priority?
Income-related payments for previously uninsured citizens.
Training programs for improvement of physician-patient relationships .
Should pharmaceutical companies share their findings at pre-competitive stages to reduce research and development expenditures?
A program for attracting more men in the nursing profession .
Improving the integrity of interdisciplinary teams .

💸 Proposal Topics in Economics

The world revolves around money. It concerns individuals as well as big corporations. Due to this, economics is the perfect subject for proposal essays.

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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy . The world economy has seen an unprecedented decline in 2020. Describe the factors leading to the crisis.
Impact of globalization on the economic development of various countries. The economy is affected by a variety of factors, including the globalization efforts of the world. Explore them in your paper.
Economic development and the emotional wellbeing of people. Economic growth affects people’s ability to seek and receive the assistance they need.
Mental health statistics and their effects of the economy on the mental stability of the nation. Mental health and the economy are two fields that may not be seen as connected but have an underlying significance to each other.
The economic development of the country and the attitude towards minorities. Economic growth can be a signifier for many variables within a society. It includes its ability to understand and welcome people different from the perceived norm.
Economic stability and the minimum income of a family.
How the economy affects the way people make their purchasing decisions .
Is economic development affected by the economy of other countries?
The economy impacts the lives of every citizen in the country: is it true or false?
Accumulation of wealth and monopolies are harmful to the economy.
The scarcity of economic resources with regards to poverty , income gaps, and the distribution of wealth.
The economics of death and disease: how industries impose unnecessary regulations to increase revenue.
Agree or disagree with the following statement: there should be a limit placed on private property ownership.
Has the 2008 economic collapse ended? What has been the impact of this crisis on the modern economy?

🎭 Proposal Argument Topics: Culture

Everyone expresses their culture differently. That’s why cross-cultural communication can be tricky. Do you want to explore how people with diverse backgrounds interact? This section is for you.

What can communities do to facilitate integration for immigrants? The process is vital for every person moving to a different country. However, some individuals are often better integrated than others. Language barriers and cultural differences are significant obstacles on the path to integration.
How can recruiters avoid an ageist bias when considering candidates? On the job market , ageism is a common occurrence. Hirers, especially in the IT sector, routinely deny interview requests from people above a certain age. Discuss this issue in your essay.
How can one avoid falling for problematic nationalist promises? Nationalism is on the rise in many countries. Some leaders use populist rhetoric to fixate the population on their nation’s glory. What can be done about it?
What is the best way to eliminate the gaming industry’s misogyny ? Sexist clichés and anti-feminist sentiment are prevalent in this industry. In your essay, analyze this problem and propose a solution.
How can one determine if culture is used to justify ignorant behavior? Cultural practices can encompass many things. Some of them might seem strange to an outsider, while others are outright hurtful.
On what basis should states grant minority rights ?
Is positive discrimination a worthwhile practice?
Think about how to make cross-cultural communication more efficient.
What obstacles do couples with diverse backgrounds often face?
Examine ways of to modernizing old-fashioned cultural values .
The definition of cultural awareness : when does it become relevant?
Simple ways to end the debate on stereotyping and cultural profiling.
Racism and reverse racism in college campuses: how students deal with the ongoing discussion on race in light of recent cultural developments.
The impact of extreme patriotism on the reputation of Americans in the international arena.
Excellent questions to ask a foreigner to step away from cultural stereotyping .
The long process of cultural accommodation: what to do and what to avoid when entering a foreign culture.
Explain how the debate concerning racial profiling should be managed. In doing so, concentrate on the role of so-called “ social justice warriors.”

🖊️ Proposal Topics List: Other Ideas

Proposal essay topics: social life and social issues.

Our society is facing many challenges nowadays. Poverty, racism, and stress are some of the most prominent social issues. What can we do to improve our co-existence? You can answer this question in an essay with one of the following engaging prompts:

Social workers and incentive to care. Social workers fulfill an irreplaceable role in society. Still, their work is rarely discussed. The struggles of social workers themselves are also often overlooked. You can dedicate your project to this issue.
Crime rates and wealth distribution : a disparity fueled by desperation. Crime rates in low income areas are more prevalent than in wealthier places. The difference, however, is born out of the underlying conditions perpetuated by wealth inequality. Society can address them in specific ways. Explore them in your policy proposal essay. The topic allows various interpretations.
Discrimination in the workplace and sensitivity training . This issue can be an interesting proposal essay topic. For example, businesses can combat disrespectful behavior via promoting relevant training among employees. Persuade the readers that it’s an effective way to tackle the problem.
Harassment on social media and mass reporting. With the widespread usage of social media, thousands of people become famous for their presence on the internet. This trend is also accompanied by online harassment. In your essay, propose warranting methods of combating its spread.
Environmentally-friendly ways to use modern technology . The questions on the sustainability of new technology are becoming more and more vital. Discuss how people can enjoy technology while making a positive contribution to the environment.
Cleaning marathons as a way to engage citizens in keeping their neighborhood tidy.
Safe driving educational materials as a preventive measure.
Is there a way to make students more socially responsible ?
How can a person help orphans without spending money?
Best ways to promote subcultures and manage their activities.
What are the sexism -related issues at school? How can we solve them?
Social programs for educating the general public about disabled people’s problems and needs.
Installing book exchange boxes around the city to promote reading.
Support groups for teenagers suffering from depression .
Think of the most effective ways to help your friend if you suspect they are addicted to alcohol or drugs .
Banning social media : can it be a solution to reduce suicides?
What can you do to be less susceptible to advertisements ?
Choosing the right idols for teenagers to encourage positive lifestyle changes.
Ways to support single-parent families in times of need.
What should you do if you realize your friends are toxic?
Ways to show how social media controls people’s lives and how to change it.
How can you prevent daily information overload?
Practical solutions for skyrocketing cybercrime rates.
How can people preserve national identity in times of globalization?
Reasons to implement more restrictions on legalized substances.
Script for an educational film for enhancing population awareness of the hazards of excessive television viewing.
Hate-crime laws as a response to increased violence against minorities.
Propagating healthy eating habits to reduce obesity levels.
Can cyber-bullying alerts decrease online harassment?
Healthy alternatives to free beer parties to prevent the dangers of unrestrained drinking.

Proposal Argument Topics: Technology

Technological advancements have drastically changed how people live and communicate. That’s why these essay ideas are related to exploring the impact of progress in modern societies. Be creative: think about the role technology plays in your life and provide real-life examples.

Technology accessibility for the disabled . For some, new technology is less accessible than for others. This category includes people with disabilities and impairments. Use this proposal argument topic to suggest a plan of action.
Technology to make public spaces more accessible. The inclusion of disabled people and those who require further assistance is on the increase. How can technology make public spaces more accessible to people with impairments and disabilities?
Technological advancements in study environments . With the use of technology, we can achieve more effective functionality in different fields. For example, by introducing technology to the educational sphere, we can improve its quality.
Technology in the house : balancing privacy with functionality. Many homes are now using smart technology. It makes the question of confidentiality more prevalent. The issue of balancing personal space and the use of new technology is quickly gaining traction.
Safety and security online : ways of controlling the online experience. Today, millions of people are using social media. Each of them has to manage the amount of private data they post online. Understanding what is safe to publish on the internet is a good proposal topic to explore.
How can one keep up with the increasing speed of technological development ?
Digital detox as a preventive measure for depression and apathy.
What is the optimal way to implement more technologies into the educational process ?
Child control applications for looking after children’s safety on the internet.
What are the financial benefits of switching to wireless technologies ?
Effective ways to resolve the issue of online identity theft .
Would implementing modern technologies in libraries encourage people to visit them more often?
Online safety and personal data protection .
Cyberbullying at schools: what are the most effective strategies to fight it?
How can virtual reality help children with learning disabilities?
How to preserve your imagination while using modern technology .
Limiting the age of modern technology users for the sake of healthy child development.
Implementing censorship in the media to stop the collapse of moral values.
Does technology help college students in their performance? If so, how can they use it to boost their grades?
Banning children from watching TV : is it the best solution for the development of inappropriate behavior patterns?
How can one make the best out of technology in medicine for inheritance disease testing?
Research current issues with mechanical reproduction and find the most appropriate ethical solutions.
Technology and the food industry : using GMO to stop world hunger.
How can technology solve some of the environmental issues?
Recommendations on how to use modern technologies and preserve mental health .
Machines have replaced people in many fields. Has this trend brought more benefits than disadvantages?
Computers and smartphones make younger generations less sociable: is this statement true?
How has technology changed the way modern businesses work?
Develop a paper with solutions and recommendations for overcoming the gap between the rich and the poor that has been caused by technology.
What problems do parents face when preventing their children from accessing the internet unsupervised?

Proposal Argument Topics: Law and Justice

Do you wish to make the world a more just place? Start with a proposal essay on law and justice . These topics will help you choose the right direction.

Justice system and the lack of fresh talent: a need for change? Similar to other fields, the justice system needs to work within the boundaries of the current age. However, it isn’t easy to accomplish. Currently, high-ranking positions are occupied primarily by older people. Discuss the need to give way to new perspectives and promote young talent.
Juvenile justice system : what is the best course of action for children? Juvenile justice is a complicated issue. Many people don’t know how to approach it. Right now, there’s a need to guide and reprimand youth for their illegal behavior. What other solutions can be effective?
Rehabilitation of convicts: education as a betterment tool. It’s generally believed that criminals should be punished for their wrongdoings. However, it may be impractical to rely on punishment as a way of correcting unruly behavior. Use this essay idea to propose a more effective solution to the problem. For example, think of rehabilitation that helps convicts acquire new skills.
Legalization of drugs and its possible benefits. The effects of using psychoactive drugs are well-known among the public. Most people find the risk not worth the benefits of addictive substances. In your paper, consider the decriminalization of some drugs as a way of combating drug use.
Simple interpretations of the law as a tool a raising awareness. Law is a difficult subject to approach for an unprepared person. The issues presented by the justice system require knowledge that’s difficult to acquire for the general population. Adapting law into simpler terms may be useful in increasing awareness.
Elimination of a judicial bias from the trial process .
Social justice as an aspect of the legal sphere.
Increasing the influence of law through societal encouragement.
Law as a source of societal order and control.
Punitive justice: is it an ethical way to prevent crime?
Solutions for overcoming prison overcrowding and prison violence.
Discuss some of the most controversial issues that persist in courtrooms: false confessions , mistreatment of evidence, and witness framing.
The duty of care for senior citizens: who should be held accountable for the mistreatment of residents and wrongful deaths in nursing homes ?
“He said—she said”: is “innocent until proven guilty” still valid when it comes to sexual assault allegations?
Arguments for and against police funding to increase neighborhood safety.
Types of civil litigation cases everyone should know.
Business and law: how to manage sexual harassment lawsuits in the workplace.
How to mitigate the negative impact of police violence on the reputation of law enforcement agencies.

Proposal Writing Ideas: Literature

If you enjoy reading, why not write about it? A paper is a perfect opportunity to show off your literary knowledge. Best of all, you can use these interesting proposal essay topics to practice for the ISC.

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What are the central vices portrayed in Nabokov’s Lolita ? Vladimir Nabokov’s novel deals with the subjects many people of today may find controversial. The novel’s main focus is on the main character’s sexually deviant relationship with a young girl. You can explore other characters’ vices as well.
Is An American Tragedy a deconstruction of the American dream ? Explore the novel’s main themes and plotlines in your essay. Consider looking at the nature of the upper class society and superficial human relationships.
How The Yellow Wallpaper portrays emotional abuse in families. The Yellow Wallpaper is one of the foundational books to feminist literature in America. Its focus is on the inner struggles of a woman stuck with her thoughts for far too long. It covers a multitude of topics, including misogyny and emotional mistreatment.
Literary trends that permeate modern literature . The number of books written in years and years of human development is incredibly vast. The conditions of the society during every epoch have an overarching influence on literature. Compare modern literature to other periods and say what makes it special.
Objectification of women in literature. Writing compelling female characters is difficult, especially considering the discrepancies between men and women in societies. Across history, men were often unable to write about women understandably and respectfully. It’s further reflected in how people perceive female literary characters.
Satire of propaganda in literature.
The occult in fiction is a gateway to mysticism: is this statement true?
Discuss the effect of classic literature on international outlook among counties.
Does literature always signify the author’s personality?
“Death of the author”: uses of the term and its consequences on interpretation.
The most prominent symbols and motifs in The Great Gatsby and their influence on storytelling.
Use of satirical dialogue in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde.
How Shakespeare’s “To be, or not to be?” became one of the most iconic questions.
Meaningful lessons that readers can take from Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five .
Contemporary writers who have influenced literary trends.
Discuss programs targeted at encouraging children and teenagers to read classic literature.

Creative Proposal Writing Ideas

Essays, short stories, and novels all come with their challenges. In your paper, you can find the best way to overcome them. If you need brilliant proposal ideas for your English class, this section is for you.

Writing as a way to alleviate stress. Writing is a hobby for many enthusiasts. The creative process demands a lot of emotional effort from a person. Yet, it also gives them the ability to work through their worry in an artistic format.
Chances for success in writing. Writing is an intriguing career . Depending on the type of content a person produces, their chances of succeeding in the literary industry vary greatly. Describe these and other factors in an essay.
The importance of setting and background in writing. Characters and their actions are the most important parts of creating a story. However, smaller details are crucial for the reader’s engagement.
Immersive writing: keeping the audience invested. Immersion dictates how much the audience will care about the events of the story. By establishing a setting, the author can retain audience investment. Explore how one can achieve it.
Importance of negative emotions in response to written media. Writing is something people can do for entertainment . In many cases, eliciting positive emotions is the desired goal behind writing a story. But, that is not always the case. Negative emotions can create engagement and interest in the audience just as well. Present the reasons why it happens.
How can we retain the context in translations ?
Discuss writing as an exercise in imagination .
What are the possible pitfalls of pursuing writing as a career?
Burnout is a consequence of long-standing authors’ success.
Writing minorities: what’s the best approach?
How to structure a research proposal : from the abstract to the list of references.
Writing a 1000-word summary of a book : what to include and what to avoid.
Recommendations on becoming a citation style expert (MLA edition.)
Practical guidelines for writing an astonishing discursive paper.
The quickest method to write a 5-paragraph reflective essay.
Specifics of technical writing : how to differentiate between specialized and non-specialized text.
Coming up with memorable titles for articles and research papers: how to capture the audience’s attention.
The easiest way to develop a draft for any paper.

Proposal Argument Topic Ideas: World History

Much has happened since the dawn of humanity. Human actions have left their marks all around the globe. Check out these essay ideas if you want to dive into past times .

Why was the Cold War one of the tensest periods in world history? The Cold War has signified the continued arms race between the two biggest nations of the world. While tensions were slowly rising, the world has come closest it has ever been to destruction.
World history : effects of misinformation on communication. History is unique to each nation of the world. The approach countries take to recording their history is ultimately unreliable. Discuss why such misinformation is ineffective in bringing people together.
The Iron Curtain and the years of hidden developments. The progress America and Asian countries made during the 20 th century is impressive. Meanwhile, Russia, one of the major nations of the world, was uninvolved in the global trade and has chosen an alternative path for its development. Write about the factors that elevated the Soviet Union to the global stage.
World history as a tool for understanding other cultures . History simultaneously unites and separates people all over the world. In many cases, working together with people of different upbringings may prove difficult. Explore how we can turn to history itself for guidance in such situations.
Cultural separation between the East and the West. People usually divide the world into the East and the West. These culturally and historically different categories encompass several nations. Meanwhile, Europe is unique, as it displays a remarkable variety of cultures and traditions. You can discuss Europe’s place in the world between the East and the West.
Write about the America-centric historical approach and its consequences.
Discuss studying the mistakes of the past as a way to guide the present.
Is the downfall of ancient civilizations a blueprint for understanding the development of modern societies?
Assess the impact of conservative belief on how history is studied.
Explore the effectiveness of non-location-centric approaches to teaching history .
How did strong female leaders such as Jeanne d’Arc impact the development of societies?
An introduction to the Paleolithic Age : the development of societies through fishing, scavenging, and hunting and gathering.
A list of the most significant historical events that shaped modern society .
Speculate on the basis of historical sources: What could have happened after WWII if the axis had won?

Proposal Essay Ideas: Religion

Religion plays an important spiritual role in many people’s lives. It’s also an interesting subject to study. If you want to explore it in your essay, consider any of these topics:

Ways to fix the Catholic Church’s reputation. The Catholic Church is often at the center of scandals. Dedicate your assignment to finding ways to restore its good name.
How can we raise money for church renovations? Churches are often considered architectural wonders. Sadly, many of them are now dilapidated. Discuss the ways to fix this situation.
What can communities do to bring pagan rituals and beliefs back? Plenty of ancient traditions died out with the rise of Christianity . In discussing this topic, think about how the existing practices can be preserved.
Multiple religious belonging: different approaches. Being a member of a specific religion often requires you to renounce other beliefs. Is it possible to simultaneously believe in different creeds?
The virtue of modesty in the modern world. Modesty is a staple for many religions. What’s the best way to follow this virtue?
How can you reconcile religious beliefs with modern science ?
Improving religious education in class 11.
Suggest ideas to raise the popularity of Buddhism in the West.
A life in monastic abstinence as the best way to find true peace.
How can priests make young people interested in sermons?
A short evaluation of current issues prevailing in the Catholic Church : what has changed and what has not?
A factual analysis of the Bible : comparing historical facts with the descriptions of events given in the religious text.
Advantages and disadvantages of religious education and how it influences children’s worldviews.
The best solution for overcoming religious discrimination. A fruitful approach could be to explore the Christianity – Islam opposition .
Different views on the importance of religion, including how it helps people and how it harms them.

Proposal Essay Ideas: Politics and Government

Surely, at some point, you wondered: “Why doesn’t the government just do this?” Now is the time to use this thought creatively! Whether you want to write about animal treatment or expensive engineering projects, these essay topics will inspire you.

Voting as a tool of change: effectiveness and results. Voting is one of our fundamental rights. With its help, people can influence how their government operates. It also allows them to participate in making changes to society. But is it always effective?
Political affiliation as an instrument in understanding personal character. The role politics play in the daily lives of many people is often understated. Explain what a person’s affiliations can tell about their values and character.
Foreign intervention and the right to sovereignty in modern society. Any system of power should have the ability to make its own decisions unaffected by outside influence. It’s essential in the age when many countries are fighting for their personal political goals.
The political power of the masses and the ways of displaying it. Technically, the government holds power in any given society. Yet, it’s true as long as people believe in its legitimacy. The public can take power away from the government if needed. Describe how it can be done.
Refraining from voting as a form of political protest . People have attempted many forms of influencing the government’s deciding power. One of such efforts is the refraining from voting. Debate whether it’s a valid strategy for protest.
Voting in a two-party system : is it worth it?

The picture shows a quote by Blaise Pascal.

Government support for low-income families: a benefit or a vice?
Government support of corporations and individuals during a crisis: difference in approach.
Political alignment and the likelihood of donating to charity .
Government persecution of political opposition: is it an effective way to prevent violence?
Interesting insights into whether governments should make decisions about their citizens’ lifestyles. If so, what limitations are there?
Subjects to discuss with your local government : its role in the economy, social equity, and the well-being of neighborhoods.
Should the government be involved in controlling the interne t and other media outlets for news?
Problems in society that government intervention had caused.
What role should politicians play when providing formal support for underserved and underrepresented communities?

Proposal Essay Ideas in Psychology

Studies in psychology and personal development can profit from both qualitative and quantitative research. Are you looking for interesting prompts in either direction? Check out the following sample topics:

Self-improvement apps. Plenty of phone apps and programs promise you to become your best self. How do you find out which one is right for you?
Discuss ways to use personality test results to your benefit. Personality tests claim that within a few ticks, you know what type of person you are. But how useful are these predictions?
What can governments do to ensure everyone who needs it can get therapy? There are not enough doctors to satisfy the demand for psychotherapy. Waiting lists are endless, and many patients give up even before trying.
Ways of reducing employee burnout . Nowadays, burnout is a common disease among workers. What can employers do to provide a less stressful environment?
What’s the best way to stay stable in tough times? Depression has developed into a global public health issue. Propose a way to avoid it in times of crisis.
What can you do to make getting up in the morning easier?
How do you build resilience?
The best way to document your habits and stick to them.
Management and psychology: effective workplace organization.
How can psychology help to make houses more intuitive to navigate?
How harmful is the advertising industry to the development of a child?
Develop a descriptive essay about the experiences that have shaped your personality and your sense of self-worth. Have you learned more from positive or negative experiences?
What format should training courses and personal development sessions take when working with developmentally disabled individuals?
To what extend do you agree with the statement that people’s genetic heritage predetermines their personalities? Is it true that it’s impossible to alter personality traits?
Discuss the current theories about anxiety and the impact of this disorder on the development of individuals.
Recommendations for managing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .

Proposal Essay Topics: Music and Art

It’s hard to make it in the music or arts businesses. How should successful people use their influence? How can we make arts more accessible for everyone? Keep these two questions in mind when researching for your paper.

Music as a way of alleviating stress . Music has several positive effects on the brain and the body. It’s demonstrated by a variety of tests and research. The use of music is effective in addressing the problems that traditional medicine is unable to solve.
Music instruments in the modern age. Music is an ever-developing and art form that attracts a variety of people. With the availability of new technology, many people start to use unconventional means for creating music. Outline them in your essay.
The spread of music production-oriented software as a gateway to creating more music. With the introduction of the personal computer , software suited for making music has become available to a bigger public. The ability to create without the need for specialized tools allows many more creators to try their hand at making music. What does it mean for the future of the industry?
The place of traditional painting in the digital age. The computer has made digital painting possible while streamlining the process for convenience. With the advent of drawing software, traditional art may be experiencing a decline in its quantity. Can it be detrimental to the art scene in general?
People’s opinions on the value of abstract art. Abstract art is a divisive subject for many people. Some consider it to be a testament to human creativity . Others see it as a farce parading as meaningful creation. Give your opinion on this interesting proposal essay topic.
Art as the means of channeling emotions.
Can commissioned art be considered a work of true creative freedom?
Do paintings reflect the personality of an artist?
Can music effectively control the moods and emotions of people?
Music as a tool of conditioning.
Should the government invest in funding and grants for up-and-coming musicians and artists?
Discuss the benefits of art for societies in juxtaposition to art for individuals.
Which contemporary artists and musicians have had the most impact on you as a person, and why?
Does rap music influence the behavior of modern teenagers? If so, is there a difference between the rap of the 70s and modern rap regarding their messages for society?

Proposal Essay Ideas: Globalization

It seems as if globalization has reached every last corner on Earth. Where should humanity go from here? Decide in your paper.

Globalization as a way to increase income levels in poor countries. Globalization is an inevitable and quick process in the modern generation. It affects the way nations grow and develop. Global growth can foster particular behaviors among different populations, used for personal profit and public benefit.
The effect of globalization on erasing local cultures . Globalization efforts have a variety of positive effects on how countries develop. Still, there can be a multitude of negative consequences. The erasure of local culture, language, and traditions are among the most apparent effects. Discuss how globalization is endangering small communities and the livelihood of individuals.
Globalization and the spread of the English language. English has become the international language of the world through the colonial expansions of the British Empire . The ability to speak in a shared language is undoubtedly a benefit. It’s also important to understand the underlying reasons why the world has accepted English as a lingua franca.
The effect of globalization on CO2 emissions. Climate change is one of the most apparent negative consequences of globalization. CO2 released into the air is harmful to life on Earth. Explore the link between these phenomena in your essay.
Can globalization be stopped? Globalization seems to be an inseparable part of the human experience in the 21st century. Is there a way to stop it and its harmful effects?
Globalization and the rapid development of the Chinese economy .
How globalization affects the rates of growth among 3rd world countries.
The impact of globalization on education levels and progressive outlook among the population.
Is there a correlation between globalization and an increase in LGBTQ acceptance?
Globalization as a tool for creating a unified culture.
Discuss the negative consequences globalization has had on societies .
What’s the role of globalization in agriculture?
Explain the correlation between global wealth and the transfer of knowledge between countries and cultures.
Has globalization affected you personally? If so, what did you do to mitigate the impact of this process?
Based on the example of developing economies, investigate the relationship between globalization and democratization.

💡 How to Write a Proposal Argument Essay

Now, let’s see what you need to take into account before writing a proposal argument paper.

Choose a problem that interests you personally. It can be related to your school, city, or your hobby. Make sure the problem you’ve chosen is concrete and feasible.
Think about the potential readers of your essay. Consider whether they are already aware of the problem you’re describing. If not, make sure you provide enough background information.
Present various kinds of evidence. Naturally, you want your essay to be persuasive. Using credible sources is a must, but you can also add some personal anecdotes. Vivid real-life examples are a great tool in argumentative writing.

Making your essay well-structured is a part of its success. Like any argument, your proposal should consist of three parts:

A claim that proposes some action to solve a problem.
Evidence that illustrates the solution’s effectiveness.
Reasoning that proves that the proposed solution will work.

Here’s what your proposal argument can look like:

Claim: Reducing stress levels helps to improve one’s quality of life.

Evidence: Excessive stress leads to physical and mental health problems.

Reasoning: Managing stress helps to avoid health problems and thus improves one’s quality of life.

Keep this structure in mind while planning your paper and you will surely ace it.

Proposal Argument Essay Outline

Now, let’s take a closer look at each part of a proposal essay.

Follow this outline to write an excellent proposal!

Proposal Essay Examples & Formatting Tips

Now you know how to write proposal arguments and have a topic to work with. In this last part, we want to give you some formatting tips. Depending on your requirements, you can choose either MLA or APA format.

Below you’ll find a free sample of a proposal essay. You can use it as inspiration for your own paper. Pay attention to the way it’s structured:

You are welcome to use these proposal essay suggestions to write A+ papers. Choose a proposal essay topic idea that matches your interests. This way, you can enjoy the essay writing process and later reap the fruits of your hard work. Good luck with your studies, and don’t forget to share this article with your friends!

Learn more on this topic:

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Best Argumentative Research Paper Topics
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✏️ Proposal Essay FAQ

A proposal essay is a description of a well-defined problem with a solution proposal and supporting arguments. A good proposal essay contains some elements of research and persuasive writing (explain why your solution is the best option.)

The key to writing an outstanding proposal essay for college or your job are persuasive arguments. They should convince your readers that your solution is the best one. Try to make your paper impressive yet modest. Creating an outline might be helpful.

Create an outline for your future thesis first. Start off with ideas to cover in the body part. Make sure to include relevant examples and supporting arguments. Then, add an appropriate introduction.

Any problem that might have a list of possible solutions to choose from can become your topic. Some ideas are “the optimal meeting format,” “the best way to celebrate something,” or even “finance allocation.”

🔍 References

Argument: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Proposal Essay: Kean University
Elements of Reference List Entries: APA
The Pro-Life vs Pro-Choice Debate
The Importance of Self-Worth
How to Prepare a Research Proposal
Most Reliable and Credible Sources for Students
40 Ways to Be Successful in School: Practical Tips for Students
Research Proposal Example
Proposal and Academic Support Center Essay
How to Write a Proposal Essay
Conference Papers Writing
Writing A PhD Proposal
122 Tone Words to Set the Mood in Your Story
Environmental Topics: US Environmental Protection Agency
Responding to Climate Change: NASA
Managing People: Harvard Business Review
Business Topics: University of Michigan-Flint
Education Technology: Vermont Official State Website
Education Research Topics: University of York
Social/Family Issues: Medline Plus
Social and Policy Issues: Gallup
Tech Topics: CES
Technology Innovation Strategy: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hot Topics in Health Care: The University of Arizona
10 Healthcare Technology Trends to Improve Your Well-Being: G2
All Topics: Office of Justice Programs
Legal Topics: New York City Bar Association
Choosing a Literary Topic: Northern Michigan University
Why Do We Write?: University of Nottingham
Topics: History.com
Access to Health Services: Healthy People
Politics Topics: Pew Research Center
Research Themes: Politics and International Relations: University of Southampton
Impact of Globalization on World Culture: Research Gate
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8 Technical Writing Examples to Inspire You

TABLE OF CONTENTS

What Exactly is Technical Writing?

8 Technical Writing Examples to Get You Started

1. User Manuals

2. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

3. Case Studies & White Papers

4. API Documentation

5. Press Releases

6. Company Documents

7. Annual Reports

8. Business Plans

Becoming an Expert Technical Writer

Join 5000+ Technical Writers

A Guide to Technical Writing (With Examples)

What Is Technical Writing?

Instructions for Carrying Out a Task

Operating Manuals for Machinery, Appliances, or Systems

Specialized Topics

So How Do I Produce a Great Piece of Technical Writing?

Who Is It For?

What Do They Need?

How Should Technical Writing Be Composed?

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Examples of Technical Writing

Is technical writing difficult?

Are there professional bodies for technical writers?

What can I do if I’m not sure that my technical writing style is appropriate to my subject?

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649 Technology Essay Topics & Research Titles + Examples

🤖 7 Technology Essay Topics 2024

💡 Simple Technology Essay Ideas

️✏️ Trending Technology Topics to Write About

7 best technical writing examples to improve your skills

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Table of contents

Lead with Content

Padma Gillen

What is technical writing?

6 Steps to Writing a Technical Piece That People Actually Want to Read

1. Identify Your Audience

2. Dig Deep in Your Research

3. Create an Outline

4. Focus on Readability

5. Add Visuals

6. Cut the Fluff

7 of the Best Technical Writing Examples from Technical SMEs

Pipedrive’s Developer Documentation

University of Wisconsin Onboarding Tool Kit

Cell Reports Medical Study

LG Refrigerator Manual

Mashable India’s User Agreement

Slack Help Center

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Content Creation: The Essential Guide

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Technical Writing for Beginners – An A-Z Guide to Tech Blogging Basics

Table of Contents

Benefits of Technical Writing

The Technical Writing Process

Technical Writing Courses

What is Technical Writing?

Necessary Skills to Have as a Technical Writer

Know how to explain things clearly and simply

Possess some writing skills‌‌

Analyze and Understand who your Readers are

Think About User Experience

Plan Your Document

Conduct thorough research about the topic

Make an outline