phrases and clauses presentation

Clauses & Phrases

Adjective Clauses

• Definition: A dependent clause that modifies a noun. This clause serves as the adjective (or one of the adjectives) for the sentence.
• Adjective clauses begin with conjunctions or pronouns (who, that, where, whom)

The house where I grew up is in Skokie

Adverbial Clauses

• Definition: Dependent clauses that modify verbs.
• Don’t forget your dependent marker words…or as some of these are called, subordinate conjunctions . These will help us signal an adverbial clause.

I will drive wherever the road takes me

Who cares about Adverbial Clauses?

• Identifying an adverbial clause is helpful because it can help us vary up sentence structure. You can usually move an adverbial clause within a sentence to improve sentence variation within your writing. (Just like with Independent & Dependent clauses)

Wherever the road takes me , I will drive.

Identify Any Clauses

The hostess wouldn't seat us because the restaurant was closed.

Adverbial clause

(Because the restaurant was closed)

Have you played with the game that I bought for you?

Adjective Clause

(that I bought for you)

I am not responsible for what my cats do when I am not home.

Adverbial Clause

(When I’m not home)

We can go swimming when it is warmer outside.

(when it is warmer outside)

If you promise to let his band play, Sean will come to your party.

(If you promise to let his band play)

The car that she is driving is not hers.

(that she is driving)

Combine these simple sentences by creating a sentence with an adjective or adverbial clause.

The man wants the money. He is here.

The fireworks will be starting. It isn’t dark enough.

I am going to the store. We are out of milk.

I went to get coffee with a girl. She sits behind me in French.

The play is starting at seven. It is the one I wanted to watch.

I like to go sledding. It is snowing.

Prepositional Phrases

• What is a prepositional phrase?
• A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called “the object of the preposition” and any modifiers of that object.
• In other words, it includes a preposition, the noun or pronoun that the preposition is affecting and any adjectives that modify the noun.

The man lived under the bridge

Prepositional Phrases Type #1: Adjective Phrases

• What is an adjective phrase?
• An adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that is used to modify a noun.
• How is this different than an adjective clause?
• Adjective phrases begin with prepositions, while adjective clauses begin with pronouns.

She lived in the house beside the river .

Prepositional Phrases Type #2: Adverb Phrases

• What is an adverb phrase?
• An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase that is used to modify a verb, adjective or another adverb.
• How is this different than an adverbial clause?
• Adverb phrases begin with prepositions. Adverbial clauses begin with subordinate conjunctions.

She ran behind the shed .

Let’s Practice

Identify whether the phrase is an adjective phrase or adverb phrase.

She lay beside the still waters .

Adverb phrase

The house across the street is falling down.

Adjective Phrase

The cat fell down the well .

The words inside the book were difficult to read.

Adjective phrase

Identify the prepositional phrase and whether it is an adjective or adverb phrase.

The car near the house belongs to Jimmy.

Near the house, adjective

She ran towards the fire.

Towards the fire, adverb

The light upon the hill burns brightly.

Upon the hill, adjective

The store past Barnes and Noble is still open.

Past Barnes and Noble, adjective

The car drove off the edge of the cliff.

Off the edge, adverb

Of the cliff, adjective

Module 12: Grammar Basics

Phrases and clauses, learning objectives.

• Differentiate between phrases and clauses
• Differentiate between dependent and independent clauses

Phrases and clauses are groups of words that act as a unit and perform a single function within a sentence. A phrase  is a group of words that may have a partial subject or verb but not both, or it may have neither a subject nor a verb. Phrases never have a subject doing the action of a verb. A clause , however, is by definition a group of words that has a subject and a verb. A sentence can have any number of clauses and phrases combined together. See the examples below:

Notice how each of the clauses has a subject and a verb, but the phrases do not. Some of the clauses contain phrases, like “She laughs at shy people.” “She laughs” is a clause, and “at shy people” is a phrase that complements the clause and completes the sentence.

Phrases can be any combination of words that do not combine a subject and a verb. There are many types of phrases, including noun phrases ( the nice neighbor , my best friend , troops of soliders ), verbal phrases ( waiting for the rain to stop , have been sleeping ), and prepositional phrases , which follow a preposition ( after the storm , to the end of time , in the road ).

You might be tempted to just assume that phrases are shorter than clauses. This is not always true. Many phrases are only two words long, but many are much longer. Look at the following sentence:

• In 1833 , Faraday’s experimentation  with electrolysis  indicated a natural unit  of electrical charge , thus  pointing to a discrete rather than continuous charge .

Each of the bolded segments of this sentence is a phrase. Be sure as you analyze each sentence that you are looking for a subject and a verb to decipher what is a clause and what is just a phrase.

Click through this interactive to learn more about the differences between clauses and phrases.

Dependent and Independent Clauses

There are two types of clauses: dependent and independent. A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb, but is not a complete sentence and does not express a complete thought. It is dependent on something else: it cannot stand on its own. Some examples of dependent clauses include:

• When we get enough snow
• Because I was upset
• Which book I want to read next
• Until the sun sets

You can see that each of these clauses has a noun and a verb, but they also have an additional word, like a subordinating conjunction ( because ) or a relative pronoun ( which ), which makes the clause feel incomplete. These clauses must be attached to an independent clause to be a part of a complete sentence.

An independent clause , on the other hand, is free to stand by itself. It contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought which does not require anything else. Here are some examples of independent clauses:

• I enjoy sitting by the fireplace.
• The sun set.
• This is the book I want to read next.

So how can you tell if a clause is dependent or independent? Sometimes they can be almost exactly the same. For example, “I was a little girl in 1995” is an independent clause, but “Because I was a little girl in 1995” is a dependent clause.

Look for the common words that are known to make dependent clauses, like subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns. Some common ones are:  after ,  although ,  as ,  as if ,  because ,  before ,  even if ,  even though ,  if , in order to,  since ,  though ,  unless ,  until ,  whatever ,  when ,  whenever ,  whether , and  while . Also pay attention to if the clause makes sense standing by itself. Do you understand the whole idea of what the sentence is saying? Does the thought seem incomplete? If it feels incomplete, it is probably a dependent clause.

Watch this video to learn more about dependent and independent clauses.

You can view the transcript for “Dependent and independent clauses” here (opens in new window) .

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• Phrases and Clauses Interactive. Authored by : Excelsior OWL. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/esl-wow/editing-polishing/check-punctuation/esl-basic-sentence-structure/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
• Text: Parts of a Sentence. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Phrases and Clauses Additional Content. Authored by : Alyse Leininger for Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Dependent and Independent Clauses. Authored by : Khan Academy. Located at : https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/grammar/syntax-sentences-and-clauses/phrases-and-clauses/v/dependent-and-independent-clauses-syntax-khan-academy . License : CC BY: Attribution . License Terms : Standard YouTube License

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Sentences, Phrases, and Clauses

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Course: Grammar   >   Unit 8

• Phrases and clauses

Introduction to phrases and clauses

• Dependent and independent clauses
• Phrase and clause placement
• Relative clauses

Dorothy asked for a glass of water after she invited herself in.

• (Choice A)   phrase A phrase
• (Choice B)   clause B clause

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SPaG Presentation: Phrases, Clauses (Main, Subordinate and Relative) and Conjunctions

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Phrase & Clause PPT

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Phrase & Clause PPT. Webs. Grammar. Phrases & Clauses Which of the following are phrases and clauses? 1.In my room—Phrase 2.The cat went under the bed—Clause 3.Until next week P or C—why? 4. Quickly walking to the store P or C—why? 5.Yet they tried—P or C—why?. Phrases & Clauses.

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Presentation Transcript

Phrase & Clause PPT

Grammar • Phrases & Clauses • Which of the following are phrases and clauses? 1.In my room—Phrase 2.The cat went under the bed—Clause 3.Until next week P or C—why? 4. Quickly walking to the store P or C—why? 5.Yet they tried—P or C—why?

Phrases & Clauses Phrase: group of related words that does not contain a subject and verb and is used as a part of speech Clause: a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and is used as part of a sentence or a sentence by itself.

Day 2 Fill in the blanks: A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of ______ and does not contain both a _______ and a _______. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence A clause has both a _______ and a _______. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.

Day 2 Fill in the blanks: A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and does not contain both a subject and a verb. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence A clause has both a subject and a verb. A clause can stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.

Identifying phrase & clauses The ski lift broke after we got on it. Against the wall. For a while. Tomorrow we will go. Until the end of the week. Have gone running for an hour. Before you know it, it will be summer.

Adjective Phrase An ADJECTIVE PHRASE is prepositional phrase that is used to modify a noun. Example: Adj: Icy chunks fell from the sky. Adj. phrase: Chunks of ice fell from the sky. Adj: I ordered a spaghetti dinner. Adj. phrase: I ordered a dinner of spaghetti.

Identify the adjective phrase & the word it modifies. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby. There was only enough room for you. The pants with big pockets look weird.

Identify the adjective phrase & the word it modifies. Studentsin my class are intelligent, lovely people. My catwith the blue eyes is named Baby. There was only enough roomfor you. The pantswith big pockets look weird.

Adjective Phrases Cont’d • Sometimes there will be two adjective phrases in a row • The two phrases COULD modify the subject (noun) Ex. I love the paintingof flowers by Van Gough OR • The second adjective phrase could modify an object in the first adjective phrase • Ex. A numberof the paintings by Van Gough are in US museums.

The importance of studying before tests cannot be denied. The topics of importance in a unit are usually covered on the study guide. Study guides with review questions on them help you focus your studying.

Clause • A word group that contains a subject and verb • Two types of clauses: • Independent– expresses a complete thought & can stand by itself as a sentence • Dependent-(subordinate)-does not express a complete thought & cannot stand by itself as a sentence

Dependent Clause A clause that has a subject + verb BUT does NOT express a complete thought + CANNOT stand alone as a sentence. Start with SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Check for Understanding Identify the subject & verb & determine if it’s an independent or dependent clause: Whose aunt rode on the space shuttle His aunt rode on the space shuttle Where I grew up. I grew up here.

Write a sub clause for your vocab words: adjourn, cease, decisive Start with a subordinating Conjunction:

Independent Clause A clause that has a subject =+ verb + expresses a complete idea + can stand by itself as a sentence.

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CLAUSE. A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. An independent (or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself in a sentence. A subordinate (or dependent) clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES.

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NOUN CLAUSE. WHAT IS A NOUN?. Definitions of Noun The English word “ noun ” comes from the Latin ‘ nomen ’ meaning ‘ name ’. The function of noun is to name someone or something.

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CLAUSE STRUCTURE

CLAUSE STRUCTURE. A REVIEW OF INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES AND HOW TO CONNECT THEM. What is a Clause?. A clause is a group of related words that contains both a subject and a verb. Two Types of Clauses: Independent Clause Dependent Clause. Independent Clause.

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Defining and non-defining phrase and clause

Defining and non-defining phrase and clause. Group member: 簡欣怡 林君怡 詹雁菱 周冠如. Defining clause. Mr. Wang has a son who lives in Taichung . ( 王先生有個住在台中的兒子 ) “ 限定用法 ” , 指王先生不只一個兒子 , 因為不只一個 , 所以我描述時 , 必須限定是住在台中的那一個。. Non-defining clause.

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The “Clause”

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Lc 1.3 Use Subordination, Coordination, Apposition, And Other Devices To Indicate Clearly The Relationship Between Ideas. Clause. A group of words containing a subject and a verb and forming part of a compound or complex sentence. Example: Mrs. Mazzotta is running five miles today. .

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Prepositional Phrase (,)+ Independent Clause .

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• English Grammar
• Phrases And Clauses

Phrases and Clauses - Meaning, Types, Differences and Examples

In any language , a sentence can be divided into various parts. Phrases and clauses are one among the divisions that can be done. In this article, you will learn what phrases and clauses are, how they can be used and the difference between them. The article also gives you a number of examples to give you a clearer idea of the topic.

Table of Contents

What is a phrase – meaning and types, what is a clause – meaning and types, difference between phrases and clauses, examples of phrases and clauses, check your understanding of phrases and clauses, frequently asked questions on phrases and clauses in english grammar.

A phrase is a part of a sentence which consists of a group of words that give more information about the subject, action or event in a sentence. A phrase cannot stand on its own and will not convey meaning if separated from the sentence. According to the kind of function it does, it can be classified into various types and they include the following.

• Noun Phrase
• Verb Phrase
• Adverb/Adverbial Phrase
• Prepositional Phrase
• Adjective/Adjectival Phrase

A clause is also a part of a sentence that consists of a subject and a verb, unlike phrases. They can be divided into two main types depending on how they behave in a sentence. The different types of clauses are:

• Main Clause or Independent Clause
• Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause

Take a look at the table given below to find out how phrases and clauses differ from each other.

To understand how phrases and clauses can be used, take a look at the following sentences.

• Anu and Teena (noun phrase)
• Have been searching (verb phrase)
• Beside the trees (prepositional phrase)
• Extremely well (adverb phrase)
• The house on 6 th street (noun phrase)
• As soon as I reach the office (dependent or subordinate clause)
• I did not bring my umbrella. (independent clause)
• When the little boy saw his mom (dependent or subordinate clause)
• Collect your parcel from the courier office. (independent clause)
• Though we left home early (dependent or subordinate clause)

Identify the phrases and clauses in the following sentences and state which of them is a phrase and a clause.

1. I completed my project, but I was not satisfied with it.

2. Jacob knew about it; however he kept asking everyone about it.

3. I was waiting at the park.

4. They all sang extremely well.

5. The girls in the black dresses are the ones who won the competition last year.

6. In the meantime, I will help you with your domestic chores.

7. Santana and Brittany are good dancers.

8. When we reach home, we will call you.

9. We were planning our summer vacation.

10. She finally agreed to come with us to the slumber party.

Now, check your answers to find out if you identified the phrases and clauses correctly.

1. I completed my project, / but I was not satisfied with it.

Clause / Clause

2. Jacob knew about it; / however he kept asking everyone about it.

3. I was waiting / at the park.

Clause / Phrase

4. They all sang / extremely well.

5. The girls in the black dresses are the ones / who won the competition last year.

6. In the meantime, / I will help you with your domestic chores.

Phrase / Clause

8. When we reach home, / we will call you.

10. She finally agreed to come with us / to the slumber party.

What is a phrase?

A phrase is a part of a sentence which consists of a group of words that give more information about the subject, action or event in a sentence. A phrase cannot stand on its own and will not convey meaning if separated from the sentence.

What is a clause?

A clause is also a part of a sentence that consists of a subject and a verb, unlike phrases.

What are the types of phrases?

According to the kind of function it does, it can be classified into various types and they include the following.

What are the types of clauses?

Clauses can be divided into two main types depending on how they behave in a sentence. The different types of clauses are:

Give some examples of phrases.

Here are some examples of phrases for your reference.

Give some examples of clauses.

Here are some examples of clauses for your reference.

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A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others. Here are some unique elements that make a presentation stand out.

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• Pictures: Pictures can communicate complex ideas quickly and memorably but choosing the right images is key. Images or pictures should be big (perhaps 20-25% of the page), bold, and have a clear purpose that complements the slide’s text.
• Layout: Don’t overcrowd your slides with too much information. When in doubt, adhere to the principle of simplicity, and aim for a clean and uncluttered layout with plenty of white space around text and images. Think phrases and bullets, not sentences.

As an intern or early career professional, chances are that you’ll be tasked with making or giving a presentation in the near future. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others.

• Guy Kawasaki is the chief evangelist at Canva and was the former chief evangelist at Apple. Guy is the author of 16 books including Think Remarkable : 9 Paths to Transform Your Life and Make a Difference.

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