how to cite a powerpoint presentation harvard style

Harvard Referencing Guide: PowerPoint Presentations

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• PowerPoint Presentation

Audiovisual Media - Powerpoint Presentation

PowerPoint Pr esentation

E xample -  Presentation available online and accessible by anyone

The full reference should generally include

• Year (in round brackets)
• Title of the presentation (in italics)
• [PowerPoint presentation] in square brackets
• Available at: URL
• (Accessed: date)

In-text citation

Full reference for the Reference List

Example: PowerPoint presentation from a learning management system such as the VLE

• Author or tutor
• Year of publication (in round brackets)
• Title of the presentation (in single quotation marks)
• Module code: module title (in italics)
• Available at: URL of the VLE

Example : Full reference for the Reference List

Audiovisual Material

Film / movie

TV programme

PowerPoint presentation

YouTube video

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Cite A Presentation or lecture in Harvard style

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• E-book or PDF
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• Online image or video
• Presentation
• Press release
• Religious text

Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator . For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Popular Harvard Citation Guides

• How to cite a Book in Harvard style
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Harvard Style Guide: Lectures/ presentations

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Back to Academic Integrity guide

Lectures or presentations

Reference : Author(s) Last name, Initial(s). (Year) 'Title of lecture/presentation' [Medium], Module Code: Module title . Institution. Day Month.

Example : De Burca, M. (2014) ' Geriatric radiography services in Ireland' [Lecture], RDGY30300: Clinical Practice of Radiography . University College Dublin. 11 May.

In-Text-Citation :

• Author(s) Last name (Year)
• (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
• De Burca (2014) described the complicated system of radiographic services...
• There is a complicated system of geriatric radiographic services in Ireland (De Burca, 2014).

Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here .

Still unsure why you need to reference all this information? Check here . 

Lectures or presentations (Online/Recorded)

Reference : Author(s) Last name, Initial(s). (Year) 'Title of lecture/presentation' [Medium], Module Code: Module title . Institution/Venue. Day Month. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).

Example : Dunphy, S. (2021) ‘History of Irish women in law’ [Recorded lecture], HIS2300: Modern Ireland . University College Dublin. 7 January. Available at: https://brightspace.ucd.ie/his2300/ (Accessed: 7 March 2021).

• Dunphy (2021) outlines the impact of the absence of female law makers...
• The absence of Irish female law makers has led to a system with a blindness to key aspects of daily life (Dunphy, 2021).

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Harvard Referencing Style: Powerpoint Presentations

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Referencing a PowerPoint Presentation

IN-TEXT CITATION

Dlamini (2006) ...

.... (Dlamin, 2006)

"....." (Dlamini, 2006: PowerPoint presentation)

FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Author’s surname, Initials. Year. ‘Title.’ [PowerPoint presentation] Date.  Institution, place.

Please note that in this case, the title is not italicised.

EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Dlamini, N. 2006. ‘E-commerce trends in retail in South Africa.’ [PowerPoint Presentation] 4 November.  Business Solutions Inc., Midrand.

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Powerpoint slides: Reference format

A basic reference list entry for Powerpoint slides:

• Author or authors; the surname is followed by initials
• Year of compilation of Powerpoint slides 
• Title of presentation (in italics)
• [Lecturer notes or Powerpoint slides]
• Available: URL [Date of access]

Kunka, J.L. 2018.  Conquering the comma  [PowerPoint slides]. Available:  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops//pp/index.html#presentations  [15 March 2018].

PowerPoint slides: Examples

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How to cite a PowerPoint presentation

PowerPoint is a popular presentation program owned by Microsoft Inc. It is part of the company’s Office Suite products range, along with other products such as the very popular Microsoft Word and Excel, among others. The program was initially developed by Forethought Inc which first launched it in April 1987.

It was originally compatible with only Macintosh computers before Microsoft acquired both the company and product in July 1987. With PowerPoint, users can design anything from simple slide shows to complex presentations. The program is widely used to create business presentations but is also useful for educational and other purposes.

As noted above, PowerPoint presentations can be used for several purposes which can be cited accordingly.

Citing a PowerPoint presentation in APA [7 th edition]

The following format is for citations involving a classroom website and learning management systems [LMS] like Blackboard, Canvas, Brightspace, etc. Because an LMS requires users to log in, the home page URL of the LMS should be included instead of the full URL of the work.

Citing a PowerPoint presentation in MLA [8 th edition]

Classroom lectures presented with PowerPoint slides can be cited in MLA format. Note however that this will be a bit different from MLA PowerPoint citations that are not classroom-based. The format for lecture presentations is captured in the following diagram.

Citing a PowerPoint presentation in Harvard [Cite Them Right 10 th edition]

Like in all the other styles mentioned above, PowerPoint presentations can be cited in a variety of ways. Below is a citation format for a virtual learning environment [VLE]. A VLE is a system that provides digital solutions to the education industry in terms of facilitating conducive and active communication and learning environments between instructors and learners. In tertiary institutions, VLEs are usually a component of the broader learning management system (LMS) albeit both terms are often used interchangeably.

Citing a PowerPoint presentation in the Chicago/Turabian style [17 th edition]

The Chicago style format uses two methods of citation – the author-date style which uses a reference list rather than a bibliography and the notes-bibliography style which makes use of footnotes and/or endnotes.

Turabian is the student version of  The Chicago Manual of Style . It is meant for high school and college students who are involved in papers such as theses, dissertations, etc that are not for publication. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style  is meant for professional scholars and publishers. However, both the Turabian and the Chicago Manual of Style are compatible.

Author-date format

Notes and bibliography format

Note that some instructors may require only notes for lectures and presentations and hence bibliographic entries may not be necessary. The student should therefore check his or her assignment rubric for any information on this or inquire from the course lecturer. URLs and DOIs are meant for only courses accessed over the internet.

Since they emerged in 1987, PowerPoint presentations have been used in many spheres of professional life. They have become very popular in the education industry especially in the tertiary institutions where they are used in seminar presentations, lectures, theses/dissertations, assignments, etc. Their popular use in education has brought about the need to cite the more formally, according to the various citation styles such as the ones mentioned above.

Other resources

This post was produced as part of a research guide series by  Avidnote  which is a free web-based app that helps you to write and organize your academic writing online.  Click here  to find out more.

Related posts

How to cite a research paper in a paper

How to cite a conference paper

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Harvard Referencing - SETU Libraries Waterford Guide: PowerPoint presentations/seminars

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PowerPoint presentations/ seminars

Bloggs, J.(2016) Research Skills [PowerPoint presentation to BBS Year 4] WD096: Communication skills, Waterford Institute of Technology. 3 May.

NOTE: If the powerpoint presentation is prepared by your Lecturer as part of your course.   PIease check with your Lecturer as to whether or not they require you to reference course materials in your assignments .

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To be made up of:

• Year created or uploaded.
• Title video (in italics).
• [Online video].
• Available at: URL or App.
• (Accessed: date).

In-text citation:

 (The University of Birmingham, 2020)

Reference list:

The University of Birmingham (2010). The University of Birmingham experience . [Online video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLxV5L6IaFA (Accessed: 18 June 2015).

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Answered By: John Salinas Last Updated: May 13, 2020     Views: 3552

The Harvard System requires two elements: in-text citations throughout your assignment and a list of references at the end.

1. I n-text citations

Include three pieces of information about a source within the text of your work:

• the name of the author or authors
• the year of publication
• the page number (when the information/idea can be located on a particular page or when directly
• quoted).                                                                                                                                           

2. References

At the end of your text, you must include a list of references, that is, a list of all the sources of information you have used to research your assignment.

• Each list item requires specific information. See Citing different sources with Harvard Referencing and How to cite references with Harvard Referencing .
• List each item in alphabetical order, by author surname.
• Titles should be in italics.
• Each item should have a hanging indent.

Power Point

Add text to a text box

To add text to a text box that anyone can edit, in Normal view, click inside the text box, and then type or paste the text.

To add text to a text box that is contain permanent and un-editable, in Slide Master view, click inside the text box, and then type or paste the text.

Use text boxes to place text anywhere on a slide, such as outside a text placeholder. For example, to add a caption to a picture, create a text box and position it near the picture.

Note: When you add a text box in Normal view, the text is editable by anyone. When you add a text box in Slide Master view, the text you add to it will become permanent and un-editable outside the Slide Master.

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How to Cite a Source in a PowerPoint

When creating a PowerPoint presentation, it is important to properly cite any sources that you use. This not only gives credit to the original creator of the information, but also helps to avoid any issues with plagiarism. In this article, we will discuss the various citation styles that can be used for PowerPoint presentations, as well as provide tips and best practices for citing sources effectively.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Importance of Citing Sources in PowerPoint Presentations

When creating a presentation, it can be tempting to simply copy and paste text or images from various sources. However, it is important to remember that all information and images are subject to copyright laws. Failure to cite sources can result in serious legal consequences, as well as negatively impact the credibility of your presentation.

Additionally, citing sources in your PowerPoint presentation can also enhance the overall quality of your work. By providing references to your sources, you are demonstrating to your audience that you have conducted thorough research and are presenting accurate and reliable information. This can help to establish your credibility as a presenter and increase the trust and engagement of your audience.

Common Citation Styles for PowerPoint Presentations

There are several citation styles that can be used for PowerPoint presentations, including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. Each style has its own set of guidelines and rules for formatting, but the general purpose is to give credit to the original source and provide readers with enough information to find the source easily.

The APA citation style is commonly used in the social sciences and is known for its emphasis on author and date information. In a PowerPoint presentation, this means including the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses after the information being cited. The full reference should also be included in the reference list at the end of the presentation.

The MLA citation style, on the other hand, is commonly used in the humanities and is known for its emphasis on the author’s name and page number. In a PowerPoint presentation, this means including the author’s last name and the page number in parentheses after the information being cited. The full reference should also be included in the works cited list at the end of the presentation.

APA Citation Format for PowerPoint Presentations

APA citation style is commonly used for scientific and social science research papers. When citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation using APA style, you should include the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses. For example: (Smith, 2018).

It is important to note that if you are citing a direct quote from a source in your PowerPoint presentation, you should also include the page number in your citation. For example: (Smith, 2018, p. 25). Additionally, if you are citing a source that has multiple authors, you should include all of their last names in the citation, separated by commas. For example: (Smith, Johnson, & Lee, 2019).

Another important aspect of APA citation style is the inclusion of a reference list at the end of your presentation. This list should include all of the sources that you cited in your presentation, in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. Each reference should include the author’s name, the year of publication, the title of the source, and the publication information. By including a reference list, you allow your audience to easily access and verify the sources that you used in your presentation.

MLA Citation Format for PowerPoint Presentations

MLA citation style is commonly used for humanities research papers. When citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation using MLA style, you should include the author’s last name and the page number of the source in parentheses. For example: (Smith 15).

It is important to note that if you are using a direct quote from a source in your PowerPoint presentation, you should not include the year of publication in your citation. Additionally, if you are citing a source that has multiple authors, you should include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” for more than two authors. For example: (Smith et al. 23).

Chicago Style Citation Format for PowerPoint Presentations

Chicago style citation is commonly used for history, literature, and arts research papers. When citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation using Chicago style, you should use footnotes or endnotes. The number of the note should correspond to the number of the source in the text. For example: [1]

It is important to note that when citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation, you should also include a bibliography slide at the end of your presentation. This slide should list all the sources you used in your presentation in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. The bibliography slide should follow the same formatting rules as the rest of your citations, including the use of hanging indents and italics for book titles. By including a bibliography slide, you allow your audience to easily access and verify the sources you used in your presentation.

Harvard Style Citation Format for PowerPoint Presentations

Harvard style citation is commonly used in social sciences and natural sciences research papers. When citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation using Harvard style, you should include the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses, followed by the page number if applicable. For example: (Smith, 2018, p. 25).

It is important to note that when creating a reference list for your PowerPoint presentation, you should include all sources cited in your slides. The reference list should be placed at the end of your presentation and should be organized alphabetically by the author’s last name. Each reference should include the author’s name, the year of publication, the title of the work, and the publication information. Additionally, if you are citing a source that was accessed online, you should include the date of access and the URL or DOI.

Understanding In-Text Citations in PowerPoint Presentations

In-text citations should be used throughout your presentation to give credit to the original sources of information. This is typically done by including the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses at the end of the sentence or phrase.

It is important to note that in-text citations should also include the page number(s) where the information was found, especially when quoting directly from a source. This helps readers locate the exact information being referenced and adds credibility to your presentation. Additionally, it is recommended to include a reference slide at the end of your presentation, listing all sources used in alphabetical order.

How to Add References and Bibliography in a PowerPoint Presentation

Many citation styles require a list of references or a bibliography at the end of your presentation. This is where you will provide more detailed information about the sources you used, such as the author’s name, title of the work, publication date, and publisher. You should always check the specific guidelines for your chosen citation style to ensure accuracy.

It is important to note that adding references and a bibliography not only gives credit to the original authors but also adds credibility to your presentation. It shows that you have done thorough research and have used reliable sources to support your arguments. Additionally, some citation styles may require in-text citations within the presentation itself, so be sure to check the guidelines for those as well.

Tips and Tricks to Cite Sources Efficiently in a PowerPoint Presentation

One way to save time when citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation is to use citation management software, such as EndNote or Zotero. These tools can help you organize your sources and create citations in the correct format with just a few clicks.

Another tip is to make sure you are using the correct citation style for your presentation. Different fields and disciplines may require different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. It’s important to check with your instructor or supervisor to ensure you are using the appropriate style.

Best Practices for Citing Images, Graphs, and Tables in a PowerPoint Presentation

When using images, graphs, and tables in your presentation, it is important to give credit to the original source. This can be done by including a caption below the image or a note in the footer of the slide. Additionally, make sure that the image is licensed for use in your presentation and that you have permission to use it.

Another important consideration when using images, graphs, and tables in your presentation is to ensure that they are accessible to all audience members. This means providing alternative text descriptions for images and ensuring that graphs and tables are properly labeled and formatted for screen readers. By making your presentation accessible, you can ensure that all audience members can fully engage with your content.

Common Mistakes to Avoid While Citing Sources in a PowerPoint Presentation

One of the most common mistakes when citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation is failing to provide enough information about the source. Make sure that you include enough information to allow readers to locate the source easily. Additionally, make sure that your citations are consistent throughout the presentation.

How to Use Footnotes and Endnotes in a PowerPoint Presentation

If you are using Chicago style citation, you may need to use footnotes or endnotes to give credit to sources. Footnotes are typically used for shorter notes, while endnotes are used for longer explanations. Make sure that the number of the note corresponds to the number of the source in the text.

Understanding Copyright Laws and Fair Use Guidelines While Citing Sources in a PowerPoint Presentation

It is important to understand copyright laws and fair use guidelines when using other people’s work in your presentation. Generally, it is okay to use small amounts of copyrighted material for educational purposes as long as you give credit to the original source. However, it is always best to err on the side of caution and seek permission from the original creator.

Q&A: Common Questions Answered About Citing Sources in a PowerPoint Presentation

Q: Do I need to cite every source I use in my PowerPoint presentation?

A: Yes, it is important to cite every source you use to avoid plagiarism and give credit to the original creator.

Q: Can I use copyrighted images in my PowerPoint presentation?

A: It depends on the specific image and how it will be used in your presentation. Generally, it is best to seek permission from the original creator or use images that are licensed for use.

In conclusion, properly citing sources in a PowerPoint presentation is not only necessary to avoid plagiarism but also contributes to the overall credibility of the presentation. Remember to check the specific guidelines for your chosen citation style and include enough information to allow readers to locate the original source easily. By following these tips and best practices, you can create a professional and trustworthy presentation.

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RGU Vancouver Referencing: PowerPoint presentations

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PowerPoint Presentations

Author(s) name(s). Title of presentation . [PowerPoint presentation]. Title of module (if applicable) Organisation (if applicable). [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL.

Endnote (arranged numerically by the citation number in the text)

(1) Smith J. Biomedicine and the future . [PowerPoint presentation]. AS4999 Biomedicine and more. Robert Gordon University. School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. [updated 2015 Sep 3; cited 2016 Jan 12]. Available from: http://campusmoodle.rgu.ac.uk.

Bibliography (arranged alphabetically by author)

Smith J. Biomedicine and the future . [PowerPoint presentation]. AS4999 Biomedicine and more. Robert Gordon University. School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. [updated 2015 Sep 3; cited 2016 Jan 12]. Available from: http://campusmoodle.rgu.ac.uk.

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Leeds Harvard: Module lecture and materials

Reference examples.

Not all lecturers are happy for you to cite directly from lectures, so it is good practice to check this with your tutor. If the lecturer is drawing from a published source, you should find that source for use in your own work (you can always ask for reading suggestions if you like an idea).

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the lecturer). Year. Lecture title. MODULE CODE Title of module. Date, teaching organisation.

Voltmer, K. 2006. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. COMM5610 Politics and the Media. 17 April, University of Leeds.

Lecture handouts

Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Lecture title. Lecture notes distributed in MODULE CODE Title of module. Date, teaching organisation.

Voltmer, K. 2006. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. Lecture notes distributed in COMM5610 Politics and the Media. 17 April, University of Leeds.

Module materials accessed in Minerva

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the lecturer). Year. Title. [Format accessed through Minerva, eg PowerPoint presentation]. MODULE CODE Title of module. Teaching organisation.

Voltmer, K. 2006. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. [PowerPoint presentation accessed through Minerva]. COMM5610 Politics and the Media. University of Leeds.

Citation examples

Author and date.

When the author name is not mentioned in the text, the citation consists of the author’s name and the year of publication in brackets.

It was emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent (Jones, 2017).

If you have already named the author in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.

Jones (2017) emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent.

Three or more authors

If a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase "et al."

It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2017).

Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent.

Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again. As usual, if you are directly quoting or paraphrasing specific ideas, you should include a page number (if there is one). 

Jones et al. (2017, p.24) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity (2017, p.27). Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017, p.14).

Corporate author

If the item is produced by an organisation, treat the organisation as a "corporate author". This means you can use the name of the organisation instead of that of an individual author. This includes government departments, universities or companies. Cite the corporate author in the text the same way as you would an individual author.

According to a recent report, flu jabs are as important as travel vaccines (Department of Health, 2017).  

When to include page numbers

You should include page numbers in your citation if you quote directly from the text, paraphrase specific ideas or explanations, or use an image, diagram, table, etc. from a source.

"It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent" (Jones, 2017, p.24).

When referencing a single page, you should use p. For a range of pages, use pp.

p.7 or pp.20-29.

If the page numbers are in Roman numerals, do not include p. before them.

(Amis, 1958, iv)

Common issues

When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.

Skip straight to the issue that affects you:

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• The work of one author referred to by another
• Anonymising sources for confidentiality
• Identifying the authors’ family name (surname)

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APA 7th Edition Guide

• Citing Sources in PowerPoint Presentations
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Citing Sources in PowerPoint Slides

• PowerPoint - In-text Citations
• PowerPoint - References List

Note:  APA does not have specific rules about the format of PowerPoint slides.  Rasmussen University does have recommended guidelines outlined below and in the attached PPT presentation.

PowerPoint slides  may   need citations, depending on what type of information is included on the slide.

If the text on a slide is a quote (someone else's words, verbatim) or someone else's ideas in the presenter's own words, then a citation is needed.

If the text placed on a slide is simply a word or phrase that represents a topic that the presenter will be discussing in greater detail, then a citation is not needed.

The table below includes two PowerPoint slides (left side). The column on the right tells whether or not the information would need to be cited and why.

Speaker Notes:  Some assignments require text in the Speaker Notes area of the PowerPoint slide. If information from a source is quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in that area, an in-text citation and reference will likely be required. Ask your instructor for clarification.

• Presentations & APA Citation Style at Rasmussen University Great resource to share with students if they are having struggles with APA in PPTs.

PowerPoint Slides - References

There are two ways to include the Reference list in your presentation:

• Coordinating reference lists are typically handed out during or after the presentation either in print if presenting in person, or electronically if presenting online. This is the preferred method of including a Reference list of the sources cited in your slide deck.
• Include a Reference list in the last slide of the presentation. This is an acceptable method if there are not many resources to include. Avoid adding so many resources to the list that the type is not legible to those attending the presentation

Creating the Reference List Slide

• If you use outside sources in your presentation (noted in your in-text citations), you must cite those sources on a References page/slide.
• Your Reference page can be created in NoodleTools, exported to Microsoft Word, and distributed or submitted with your slides to those who attend your presentation. Ask your instructor if they would like a Reference slide as the last slide of your presentation. Note that you may need more than one slide depending on how many references are needed.

See the slide deck below for more information.

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