business plan of investor

How to Write a Convincing Business Plan for Investors

Noah Parsons

10 min. read

Updated November 29, 2023

Raising money for your business is a major effort. You need lists of investors to reach out to and you need to be prepared for your investor meetings to increase your chances of getting funded . You need to practice your pitch and be ready to intelligently answer any number of questions about your business. A key to making this entire process much easier is to invest a little time and write a business plan . It’s true — not all investors will ask to see your business plan. But the process of putting together a business plan will ensure that you’ve thought through every aspect of your business and you’re ready to answer any questions that come up during the fundraising process.

• Why do investors want to see a business plan?

The business plan document itself isn’t what’s important to investors. It’s the knowledge that you’ve generated by going through the process that’s important. Having a business plan shows that you’ve done the homework of thinking through how your business will work and what goals you’re trying to achieve.

When you put together a business plan, you have to spend time thinking about things like your target market , your sales, and marketing strategy , the problem you solve for your customers, and who your key competitors are . A business plan provides the structure for thinking through these things and documents your answers so you’re prepared for the inevitable questions investors will ask about your business. 

Even if investors never ask to see your business plan, the work you’ve done to prepare it will ensure that you can intelligently answer the questions you’ll get. And, if an investor does ask for your business plan, then you’re prepared and ready to hand it over. After all, nothing could be worse than arriving at an investor meeting and then getting a request for a business plan and not having one ready.

Beyond understanding your business strategy, investors will also want to understand your financial forecasts. They want to know how your business will function from a financial standpoint — what is typically called your “ business model .” They’ll also want to know what it will take for your business to be profitable and where you anticipate spending money to grow the business. A complete financial plan is part of any business plan, so investing a little time here will serve you well. 

• What do investors want to see in a business plan?

There’s no such thing as a perfect business plan and investors know this. After all, they’ve spent years, and often decades, hearing business pitches, reading business plans, investing in companies, and watching them both succeed and fail. As entrepreneur and investor Steve Blank likes to say, “No business plan survives first contact with a customer.” 

If this is true, then why bother writing a business plan at all? What’s the value of planning and why do investors want them if they know the plan will shortly be outdated?

The secret is that it’s the planning process, not the final plan, that’s valuable. Investors want to know that you’ve thought about your idea, documented your assumptions, and are on track to validate those assumptions so that you can remove risk from your business. 

So what do investors want to see in your business plan? Beyond the typical sections , here are the most important things that investors want to see in your plan.

A vision for the future

Investors, particularly those investing in early-stage startups, want to understand your vision . Where do you see your company going in the future? Who will your customers be and what problems will you solve for them? Your vision may take years to execute — and it’s likely that the vision will change and evolve over time — but investors want to know that you’re thinking beyond tomorrow and into the future.

Product/market fit and traction

Investors want more than just an idea. They want evidence that you are solving a problem for customers. Your customers have to want what you are selling for you to build a successful business and your business plan needs to describe the evidence that you’ve found that proves that you’ll be able to sell your products and services to customers. If you have “traction” in the form of early sales and customers, that’s even better.

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Funding needed and use of funds

When you’re pitching investors, you need to know how much you’re asking for. Your financial forecast should help you figure this out. You’ll want to raise enough money to cover planned expenses and cash flow requirements plus some additional funding as a safety net. In addition, you’ll want to specify exactly how you plan on using your investment . In a business plan, this section is often called “sources and uses of investment.”

A strong management team

A good idea is really only a small part of the equation for a successful business. In fact, lots of people have good business ideas — it’s the people that can execute well that generally succeed. Investors will pay a lot of attention to the section of your plan where you talk about your management team because they want to know that you can transform your idea into a successful business. If you have gaps and still need to hire key employees, that’s OK. Communicating that you understand what your needs are is the most important thing.

An exit strategy

When investors give you money to start and grow your business, they are looking to eventually make a return on their investment. This could happen by eventually selling your business to a larger company or even by going public. One way or another, investors will want to know your thoughts about an eventual exit strategy for your business.

• What documents do investors want to see?

Even if investors never ask for a detailed business plan, your business planning process should produce a few key documents that investors will want to see. Here’s what you need to be prepared to pitch investors:

Cover letter

These days, a lot of fundraising outreach is done over email and you’ll need a concise cover letter that sparks investor interest. Your cover letter needs to be very brief, but describe the problem you’re solving for your target market.

Great cover letters are sometimes in a “story” format that hooks readers with a real-world, relatable example of the problems your customers face and how our product or service The goal of the cover letter isn’t to explain every aspect of your business. It’s just to spark interest and get a meeting with an investor where you’ll have more time to actually pitch your business. Keep your cover letter brief, engaging, and to the point.

If you get an investor meeting, you’ll almost certainly need a pitch deck to present your idea in more detail and showcase your business idea. Your pitch deck will cover the problem you’re solving, your solution, your target market, and key market trends. Read our detailed guide on what to include in your pitch deck here and for inspiration check out our gallery of more than 50 Industry Pitch Deck Examples .

Executive summary and/or one-page plan

You might not get a meeting right away. Your cover letter may generate a request for additional information and this is where a solid executive summary or one-page business plan comes in handy. This document, while still short, is more detailed than your cover letter and explains a bit more about your business in a page or two.

Read more about what goes into a great executive summary and how to build a lone-page business plan.

Financial forecasts

Investors will inevitably want to see your financial forecasts. You’ll need a sales forecast, expense budget , cash flow forecast , profit and loss, and balance sheet . If you have historical results, you should plan on sharing those too as well as any other key metrics about your business. Investors will always look deep under the hood of your business, so be prepared to share all the details of how your business will work from a financial perspective.

• What to include in your investor business plan

When you put together a detailed business plan for investors, you’ll follow a fairly standard format. Of course, feel free to customize your plan to fit your business needs. Remember: your business plan isn’t about the plan document that you create — it’s about the planning process that helps you think through and develop your business strategy. Here’s what most investor business plans will include:

Executive Summary

Usually written last, your executive summary is an overview of your business. As I mentioned earlier, you might use the executive summary as a stand-alone document to provide investors more detail about your business in a concise form. Read our guide on executive summaries here .

Opportunity

The opportunity section of your plan covers the problem you are solving, what your solution is, and highlights any data you have to prove that people will spend money on what you’re offering. If you have customer validation in any form, this is where you highlight that information.

Market Analysis

Describe what your target market is and key trends that are occurring in this market . Is the market growing? Are buying patterns changing? How is your business positioned to take advantage of these changes? Be sure to spend some time discussing your competition and how your target market solves their problems today and how your solution is superior.

Marketing & Sales Plan 

Most businesses need to figure out how to get the word out and attract customers. Your business plan should include a marketing plan that describes how you’re going to reach your target market and any key marketing initiatives that you’re going to undertake. You should also spend time describing your sales plan, especially if your sales process takes time to close customers.

Milestones / Roadmap

Outline key milestones you hope to achieve and when you plan on achieving them. This section should cover key dates for product development, key partnerships you need to create, and any other important goals you plan on achieving.

Company & Management

Here’s where you describe the nuts and bolts of your business. How is your organization structured? Who is on your team and what are their backgrounds? Are there any important positions that you still need to recruit for?

Financial Plan

As I mentioned, you’ll need to create a profit and loss, cash flow, and balance sheet forecast. Your financial plan should be optimistic, yet realistic. This is a tough balance and your forecast is certain to be wrong, but you need to document your assumptions and plans for the business.

Finally, you can include an appendix for any key additional information you want to share. Product diagrams, additional details on how you deliver your service, or additional research can all be included.

• What comes next?

Writing a business plan for investors is really about preparing you to pitch your business . It’s quite likely that you’ll never get asked for the actual business plan document. But, the process will prepare you better than anything else to answer any questions investors may have.

See why 1.2 million entrepreneurs have written their business plans with LivePlan

Noah is the COO at Palo Alto Software, makers of the online business plan app LivePlan. He started his career at Yahoo! and then helped start the user review site Epinions.com. From there he started a software distribution business in the UK before coming to Palo Alto Software to run the marketing and product teams.

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How to Write a Business Plan for Angel Investors

If you are starting a new business or expanding a current business, angel investors will be an important source if you are seeking funding. Angel investors are individuals or accredited investors who invest their own money in businesses they believe have a high potential for success.

Do Angel Investors Need a Business Plan?

The vast majority of angel investors will want to see a business plan before they invest any money in your business. A business plan is a document that outlines the goals and objectives of your business, as well as how you plan on achieving them.

While you may be tempted to skip this step, it is important to remember that angel investors are not just looking for interesting businesses;  they are also looking for businesses with a compelling business plan and a team that can execute on it.

Writing a Winning Business Plan for an Angel Investment

To attract angel investors , you will need to write a solid business plan that outlines your company’s potential for growth and profitability. The following sections should be included in your business plan:

Executive Summary

The executive summary is the most important part of your business plan, as it is the first thing that angel investors will read. This section should give a brief overview of your business, including your company’s mission statement, products or services offered, target market, and how you plan on making money.

Company Overview

This section should provide more detailed information about your company, including your company history, business model, and any unique selling points that make your business stand out from the competition.

Industry Analysis

In this section, you will need to provide an overview of the industry you are in, as well as how your business fits into the industry. You will also need to discuss any trends affecting the industry, and how you plan on taking advantage of them.

Customer Analysis

To attract angel investors, you will need to show that you have a clear understanding of who your target customers are and what needs they have that your products or services will meet. In this section, you should outline your key customer segments and their core needs and define the size of your target market.

Competitive Analysis

In this section, you will need to provide an overview of your competition and how your business plans to differentiate itself from them. You should also discuss any competitive advantages you have, such as a unique selling proposition or a first-mover advantage.

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Marketing Plan

Your marketing plan should outline how you plan on reaching your target market and promoting your products or services. This section should include information on your marketing strategy, advertising and promotional budget, and sales forecast.

Operations Plan

This section of your business plan will outline how your business will be operated on a day-to-day basis. It should include information on your manufacturing process, distribution channels, inventory management, and warehousing.

Management Team

In this section, you will need to provide an overview of your management team and their qualifications. You should also discuss how your team is structured and how they plan on working together to achieve your business goals. Many angel investors will want to see that you have a strong and experienced management team in place before they invest.

Financial Plan

The financial section of your business plan is one of the most important parts, as it will show angel investors how you plan on making money and how much return they can expect on their angel investment. This section should include your income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.

The appendix of your business plan should include any additional information that you think would be helpful for angel investors to know, such as market research reports or detailed financial projections.

By following these tips on how to write a complete business plan, you can increase your chances of attracting the funding you need to start or grow your business from angel investors or angel groups.

What Do Angel Investors Get In Return?

One of the most common questions entrepreneurs have when seeking angel investment is: “What do angel investors get in return?”

In general, angel investors expect a higher return on their investment than they would receive from traditional investments in stocks and bonds. By getting a percentage of equity in your company, a percentage of future profits, or a combination of both, they can possibly earn larger returns, which are commensurate with the increased risk of investing in a nascent, non-liquid company.

Angel investors also typically get preferential treatment when it comes to items like board seats and veto rights. This means that they may have some say in how the company is run and can veto decisions with which they don’t agree.

For these reasons, it’s important to make sure that your business plan is compelling and shows how you plan on generating a large return on investment for your angel investors.