road to democracy essay history grade 12

ROAD TO DEMOCRACY ESSAY GRADE 12

ROAD TO DEMOCRACY ESSAY SAMPLE (TALKS/NEGOTIATIONS) NOTE:your introduction and conclusionis highlighted with green colour.Your lines of arguments are highlighted withred colour.

One would totally agree with the statement that it was leadership,negotiations and compromises among various leaders that ensured that South Africa become a democratic state.For example,Nelson Mandela and De Klerk worked together including ot her organisations to bring democratic South Africa on 1994. (Make sure your introduction is not longer than 5 pages) In1981,FW De Klerk replaced PW Botha as a state president of South Africa and immediately made drastic changes by unbanning political parties and release political prisoners.De Klerk made an announcement for the release of Nelson Mandela on 11 February 1990.This was a huge step taken by De Klerk and it gave people hope that the apartheid was coming to a nend. (Make sure your back ground is not more than 5 lines).

The National Party(NP) and African National Congress(ANC) delegation met at two locations to discuss the way on how they will work together towards the democratic South Africa.The first meeting was held in 2 May1990 at the official resident house of Groote Schuur and it was called the Groot Schuur Meeting.In this meeting both ANC and NP agreed on ending violence which were occurring in the country and to work together towards the process of negotiations or talks to bring a democratic South Africa.The second meeting were held at Pretoria on 6 August 1990 which led to an agreement called the Pretoria Minutes.Here the ANC government agreed that they will suspend the armed struggle and the NP government agreed to end the state of emergency.Other major law were removed.The Group Areas Act and Registration Population were also removed.This convinced countries that imposed sanctions to S.A and boycotts to stop them.Thus,the leadership and negotiations and compromises among various leaders ensured that South Africa become a democratic country in1994.

Although,the violence did not stop in the country between Inkandla Freedom Party(IFP)and ANC.The IFP supporters attacked ANC on commuter trains and led into almost 573 deaths. It was emerged that the NP government handed weapon to IFP supporters to eliminate ANC supporters.This created a huge distrust between ANC and IFP including NP.Another violence occurred in Sebokeng in hostels when the IFP attacked ANC strong hold and almost 30 people died.Moreover,another violence occurred in ZonkizizweTownship in Germistonin Gauteng between supporters of the IFP and the ANC.The ongoing violence between the ANC and IFP members led into a Seven Day Warat Pietermarisburg (PMB).Therefore,the violence and uncertainly that confronted South Africa in the early1980s almost delayed the process of negotiations.

Moreover,the formal negotiations occurred on 20December 1990 at Convention for Democratic South Africa(CODESA1)at Trade Work Centreat Kempton Park.Nineteen political organisations including UNO and common wealth.Even though talks sometimes broke down but the Declaration of Intent was signed.It was agreed that South Africa should be an undivided country.Free from apartheid, discrimination and all other forms of prejudices.This also led into accountability of a meeting by four groups that were preparing for the future meeting which was CODESA2 which were to be held in May2.The PAC and PC boycotted against the CODESA.The IFP and the Independent Bophuthatshwana did not sign it because the irrequest for an extra delegation for the Zulu King was refused.Therefore, compromises among various leaders ensured that South Africa become a democratic state in1994.

Furthermore,DeKlerk called for a white only referendum on1991. Here DeKlerk wanted to see if the white people were still with him from the negotiations he had started making from 1990 to change South Africa.The majority voted positive and it was clear that he should continue.This gave people hope that apartheid was coming to an end.Thus,the compromises also ensured that South Africa become a democratic country in1994.

CODESA2 occurred on May1991.It was agreed that the SABC should presents the neutral view of the negotiations on televisions.The NP and ANC did not agreed on major power sharing like power sharing,majority rule and regional powers.The NP still wanted a major place from the government and the ANC did not admit on that.The ANC and NP did not come into consensus solution on how they will end the violence in South Africa. As a results,ANC and COSATU walked out of the negotiations and called for a mass rally to force government to compromise.Therefore,it was leadership,negotiations and compromises among various leaders that ensured that South Africa become a democratic state.

Even though the official negotiations had ended but the unofficial negotiations continue between Cyril Ramaphosa and Roef Meyer. The Record of Understanding was signed between Cyril Ramaphosa of ANC and Roef Meyer of the NP.This committed and encouraged South Africa to work together again towards the negotiations.Moreover,Joe Slovo came up with Sunset Clause on April 1993.The Sunset Clause allowed the National Party government until 2000.It also protected the security jobs for whites people for more than 10years.Therefore, the commitment and compromises among various leaders ensured that South Africa become a democratic country in 1994.

Moreover, the violence did not end between IFP and ANC.The ANC attacked the squatter camps of the ANC near the township of Boipatong in the Gauteng and almost 49people died.It was said that a white man was the one who handed over the Force Defence Agency to cause violence and chaos.The ANC called for a march to the Cickel to protests against homeland leaders.Here almost 79 people died and 200 people got injured when they were trying to break through the police barriers.The assassination of Chris Hani almost stopped the negotiations process of the elections.Chris Hani was a General Secretary of the Communist Party(CP) and he was assassinated on1993 by members of the Military Wink.There was a violence and chaos in a country after his assassination. DeKlerk realised he could not deal with this anymore and called for Nelson Mandela to address the issue. Mandela addressed that on national television that there must calm down and stop fighting each other.Thus,thev iolence and uncertainty that confronted South Africa in the early 1980s almost delayed the process of negotiations.

Moreover, the Multi talks began on 1993April1. It was said that the date of the election was going to be 27thApril1994 on this meeting which was held at World Trade Centre. Furthermore, the AWB and Volk front stormed the World Trade Centre attempt to disturb the negotiations.They vandalised the entrance and threatened delegation.The AWB was killed by the South African Defence Force.The APPLA opened on fire on St James Church and killed 11 people.The IFP marched to Shell House and was killed by ANC security.This led to a Shell House Massacre.Then DeKlerk, Mandela and Buthelezihada meeting led to IFP joining the negotiations.Then finally the election held free and fairly. ANC won the elections and Nelson Mandela became the first president of South African Democratic Country.The election were held on 27 April 1994. DeKlerk and Thabo Mbheki became deputy president. Therefore, the compromises, negotiations and leadership ensured that South Africa become a democratic country in 1994.

To conclude, it was leadership,negotiations and compromises among various leaders that ensured that South Africa become a democratic state in 1994. For example Nelson Mandela and De Klerk compromised so much working with other organisations to bring democracy in South Africa. (Your conclusion must be less than5lines).

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Grade 12 History Exam Preparation

This page has resources that will assist Grade 12 History students to prepare for their final exams. By this point, students should know the curriculum content. Students can use this section to revise and practice applying what they have studied.

History Classroom Technical Skills

These packs go through mark allocation, how to analyse sources, how to answer source-based questions and how to structure essays. The following packs should be consulted before attempting to answer past exam papers.

History Paper 1 and 2 will require students to answer source-based questions and essay questions. The papers are split according to topics.

History - Focus on Paper 1 (Live)

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision live show we take a close look at questions and concepts relating to History Paper 1.

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Impact of the Cold War

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision lesson we take a close look at questions and concepts relating to the Impact of the Cold War.

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Truth & Reconciliation Commission

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision lesson we consider how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) dealt with South Africa's past.

South Africa Emerging as a Democracy

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision lesson we consider what were the various obstacles that South Africa faced on the road to democracy.

Impact of Collapse of USSR on SA

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision lesson we consider how the collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to the ending of Apartheid in South Africa in 1989.

Civil Society Protests

In this Grade 12 History Exam Revision lesson we take a close look at questions and concepts relating to Civil Society Protests in South Africa.

Civil Resistance in South Africa

In this Exam Revision lesson we take a close look at Gr 12 History questions and answers relating to Civil Resistance in South Africa.

Gr 12 History: Exam Questions (Paper 1)

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Gr 12 History: Exam Questions (Paper 2) 

In this live Gr 12 History show we take a close look at Paper 2 Exam Questions. In this lesson we work through various questions from the Feb/Mar 2013 Paper 2 as preparation for the exams.

Past Papers

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Grade 12 Students: Download This PDF for Acing Your Road To Democracy Essay!

• August 25, 2023

Austin Finnan

The Road to Democracy in South Africa was a long and difficult one, marked by many setbacks, detours and dead ends. But ultimately it was a journey that led to the country’s first truly democratic elections in 1994 and the inauguration of Nelson Mandela as its first black president.

The road to democracy in South Africa began long before 1994. It was the product of centuries of struggle by the country’s black majority against the white minority rule that was imposed on them by the British colonialists who first settled in the country in the 17th century .

The struggle against colonialism and white minority rule took many different forms over the years. It was a struggle for political rights, for economic justice, for social equality and for human dignity.

It was a struggle that was fought in the courts, in the streets, in the townships and in the forests. It was a struggle that was led by many different leaders, each of whom left their own indelible mark on the history of the country.

The road to democracy in South Africa was not an easy one. But it was a journey that was worth taking, because it led to a better future for all South Africans , black and white.

• 1 Road To Democracy Essay Grade 12 Pdf Download
• 2 Benefits of democracy
• 3 Challenges of democracy
• 4 Strategies to promote democracy
• 5 Conclusion

Road To Democracy Essay Grade 12 Pdf Download

The Road to Democracy Essay Grade 12 PDF Download is an invaluable resource for any student wishing to gain a better understanding of the path to democracy. This educational resource offers a comprehensive overview of the different stages of democracy, including its origins, development, and current state. It also provides insight into the various challenges faced by democratic countries as well as the potential solutions to these issues. Furthermore, the essay provides a detailed analysis of the roles of citizens in maintaining a democracy, as well as the importance of civic education and civic engagement. With its in-depth analysis of these topics, the Road to Democracy Essay Grade 12 PDF Download is an excellent resource for students seeking to gain a better understanding of the path to democracy.

Benefits of democracy

Democracy is an essential form of government that has been embraced by countries around the world. It is based on the idea of free and fair elections, majority rule, and the protection of minority rights. Democracy has brought with it many benefits that have helped to improve the lives of people in many countries. Here are some of the major benefits of democracy that make it so appealing.

The first benefit of democracy is the protection of individual rights and freedoms. In a democratic system, all citizens have the right to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to vote. Furthermore, the government must respect and uphold these rights, as outlined in the country’s constitution. This ensures that citizens can express their opinions without fear of retribution and gives them a say in the decisions that affect their lives.

Another benefit of democracy is the promotion of economic growth and development. Democracies are more likely to have open and competitive markets, which encourages investment and creates jobs. This, in turn, helps to reduce poverty and inequality. Furthermore, democracies tend to have higher levels of education, which helps to promote innovation and productivity.

Finally, democracy is beneficial for international relations. Democracies tend to be more stable and less prone to conflict. They are also more likely to sign international agreements and treaties, which can help to promote peace and cooperation between countries.

Overall, democracy has a number of benefits that make it an attractive form of government. It protects individual rights and freedoms, promotes economic growth and development, and contributes to international peace and cooperation. It is no wonder that so many countries around the world have embraced democracy as the best way to ensure the well-being of their citizens.

Challenges of democracy

The road to democracy is often a difficult and winding one, filled with numerous challenges and obstacles. As we progress towards a better, more representative form of government, it is essential to consider the challenges that stand in the way of achieving a true democracy. The Grade 12 Road To Democracy Essay PDF Download is a comprehensive resource that delves into these challenges, providing insightful analysis and valuable information on the path to a more equitable society.

One of the most significant challenges of democracy is the lack of representation for minority groups. In many democracies, certain populations are underrepresented, leaving them unable to have their voices heard or their interests represented. This can lead to a lack of access to resources and opportunities, as well as an increased risk of discrimination and marginalization. The Grade 12 Road To Democracy Essay PDF Download discusses the importance of ensuring that all citizens have access to representation, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

Another major challenge of democracy is the issue of corruption. In many democracies, corruption is rampant and has had a damaging effect on the functioning of government. It can lead to a lack of transparency and accountability, as well as a weakening of the rule of law. The Grade 12 Road To Democracy Essay PDF Download highlights the importance of addressing corruption and ensuring that all citizens have access to a fair and just system of government.

Finally, the challenge of polarization is also a significant obstacle to democracy. In many countries, the political divide has grown increasingly deep, leading to an inability to compromise and reach consensus on important issues. The Grade 12 Road To Democracy Essay PDF Download encourages citizens to become more involved in the political process and to work to bridge the divide between different political parties.

The Grade 12 Road To Democracy Essay PDF Download is an invaluable resource for anyone looking to understand the challenges of democracy and the steps we can take to overcome them. By providing detailed analysis and useful information on the path to a more equitable society, this resource is essential for anyone wanting to make a difference and help create a better future.

Strategies to promote democracy

The journey to democracy is a long and winding one, full of twists and turns that can often be difficult to navigate. With so many different paths to take, it is important to understand the strategies necessary to promote democracy and ensure that it is maintained. In this blog post, we will explore some of the strategies to promote democracy and how they can be applied to a grade 12 essay on democracy.

One of the most effective strategies to promote democracy is through education. Education plays an important role in helping individuals understand the principles of democracy, such as the importance of equality, justice, and respect for the rule of law. By providing a comprehensive understanding of these principles, individuals can be better equipped to make informed decisions and participate in the democratic process. To promote this understanding, grade 12 students can research and write an essay on democracy that explores its history, functions, and key principles.

In addition to education, civic engagement is another important strategy to promote democracy. By becoming involved in the democratic process, individuals can have a direct say in the decisions that affect their lives. Civic engagement can come in many forms, such as voting, attending public meetings, or joining political groups. For a grade 12 essay on democracy, students can research and write about the importance of civic engagement and how it can be used to promote democracy.

Finally, the development of strong institutions is another strategy to promote democracy. Strong institutions provide stability and ensure that democratic principles are protected and respected. To encourage the development of strong institutions, grade 12 students can research and write about how institutions such as the judiciary, legislature, and executive can promote democracy.

In conclusion, there are many strategies to promote democracy, and these strategies can be applied to a grade 12 essay on democracy. By educating individuals, encouraging civic engagement, and developing strong institutions, we can ensure that democracy is protected and that individuals have a direct and meaningful say in the decisions that affect their lives.

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

The Road to Democracy essay covers a lot of ground and provides detailed insights into the democratic process. It is a well-written and informative essay that should be required reading for anyone interested in the topic.

Austin Finnan is a blogger, traveler, and author of articles on the website aswica.co.za. He is known for his travels and adventures, which he shares with his readers on his blog. Finnan has always been passionate about exploring new places, which is reflected in his articles and photographs. He is also the author of several books about travel and adventure, which have received positive reviews from critics and readers.

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• October 19, 2023

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Part 1: introduction, share this page:, the road to democracy in south africa.

2 February 1990

President  FW de Klerk  announced the release from prison of Nelson Mandela  and the unbanning of the  African National Congress (ANC),  Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) , the  South African Communist Party (SACP ) and other liberation movements.

21 December 1991

The negotiations, known as the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), first convened on that day at the World Trade Centre in Johannesburg. Over 220 delegates from nineteen political parties attended and vowed their commitment to negotiations by signing the “Declaration of Intent”, pledging among others:

• To bring about an undivided South Africa with one nation sharing a common citizenship, patriotism and loyalty, united in diversity, freedom, equality and security for all irrespective of race, colour, sex or creed; a country free from apartheid or any other form of discrimination or domination
• To work to heal the divisions of the past
• To strive to improve the quality of life of all people through policies that will promote economic growth and human development
• To set in motion the process of drawing up and establishing a constitution that would, among others:
• Ensure a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist state in which sovereign authority is exercised over the whole of its territory
• Become the supreme law and that it will be guarded over by an independent, non-racial and impartial judiciary
• Assure that all shall enjoy universally accepted human rights, freedoms and civil liberties including freedom of religion, speech and assembly protected by an entrenched and justiciable Bill of Rights and a legal system that guarantees equality of all before the law.

15 May 1992

President FW de Klerk delayed the second round of negotiations by calling for a whites-only referendum to seek support from this constituency for the continuation of negotiations. The majority of whites voted in favour. CODESA 2 began, but the negotiations soon broke down due to disagreements over the key issues of power sharing and majority rule, as well as the eruption of violence, which had claimed many lives.

Behind-the-scenes talks between the chief negotiators – a cabinet minister in the National Party (NP), Roelf Meyer, and the ANC’s Cyril Ramaphosa – managed to get negotiations back on track. The resultant Multiparty Negotiating Forum (MPNF) on April 1, 1993 paved the way towards the demise of apartheid.  

5 March 1994

27 April 1994

The first democratic election was won by the ANC with Nelson Mandela becoming the first democratically elected president of the republic. Although the ANC had gained a majority vote, the party formed the Government of National Unity, in which FD De Klerk and the ANC’s Thabo Mbeki became deputy presidents.

The hard won election was the crowning of the long and bitter struggle for liberation. The election has changed the history of South Africa, paving the way towards a new democratic dispensation and a new constitution for the country. For the first time in the history of South Africa, people of all races stood together in long snaking queues at the polls to vote for a government of their choice. Nineteen political parties had participated and twenty-two million people had voted. Contrary to widespread fears of political violence, the election was peaceful and took place in a festive atmosphere.

The ANC won the election with 62.65% of the vote. The National Party (NP) received 20.39%, the Zulu based Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 10.54%, Freedom Front (FF) 2.2%, Democratic Party (DP) 1.7%, Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 1.2% and the African Christian Democratic Party 0.5%.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

The Government of National Unity had set up the TRC to help deal with the apartheid past. Under apartheid human rights abuses were rife on all sides, and no section of society escaped these abuses. The TRC was established in the belief that “only the truth can put the past to rest” (Nelson Mandela).

The TRC came into being under the auspices of the  Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act , No. 34 of 1995. The hearings, which started in 1996, were held to record the abuses, to grant amnesty to the perpetrators of human rights violations in some cases, and to offer reparation and rehabilitation to the victims. The TRC was headed by Archbishop  Desmond Tutu  (Chairman), and Alex Boraine  (deputy Chairman).

25 May 2019

The history of South Africa seems to have come a full circle on 25 May 2019 , when President Cyril Ramaphosa  has delivered his  inauguration speech, promising the jubilant South Africans a ‘New Dawn’ after the ruinous years of the rule by Jacob Zuma.

Cyril Ramaphosa has played a pivotal role as head of the ANC delegation, which negotiated the end of apartheid with the apartheid government. He has gained respect as the co-convener of the internationally acclaimed South African Constitution, and along with his NP counterpart, Roelf Meyer, became a symbol for reconciliation and collaboration for the common good of all South Africans.

Congrats, you have finished Part 1!

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The Cold War | Die Koue Oorlog

• The Cold War in Cuba and China
• The Cold War and Extension of the Cold War: Cuba and China
• Uitbreiding van die Koue Oorlog: China | 2018
• Extension of the Cold War: Cuba | 2018
• The Cold War in Cuba | 2017

Independent Africa

• Africa in the Cold War: Case Study Angola - What was the impact of the internal and external factors of Africa during the time?
• Africa in the Cold War: Angola 2017  | Afrika gedurende die Koue Oorlog: Angola 2017

The Cold War – Case Study: Vietnam

• Origins of the Cold War; Extension of the Cold War: Vietnam War

Civil Society protests from 1950s to 1970s

• Black Consciousness (source-based) | International resistance to Apartheid (essay)
• Civil rights Movement essay; The Road to Democracy essay paper 2
• Analyse the source
• Answering Source-based questions; Essay question
• Writing the History essay (basic content); paragraph writing (PEEL); Developing a Line of Argument
• The philosophy of the BCM and The impact of the BCM on students
• Black Power Movement and the Civil Rights Movement – improving our source-based questions and essay writing

Civil Resistance 1970s – 1980s, South Africa

• Steve Biko, Black Consciousness and the Soweto uprising
• International response to Apartheid – improving essay writing skills  |
• Civil Rights Movement & The Black Power Movement: 2020 | 2019
• Black Consciousness Movement/ International Response to Apartheid: 2019 | 2018
• Civil rights Movement/ The Road to Democracy | 2018

Burgerlike weerstand in Suid-Afrika 1970s – 1980s

• Steve Biko, Swartbewyssyn en die Soweto-opstand | 2017
• Internasionale Reaksie op Apartheid in die 1980's
• Swartbewussynsbeweging/ Internasionale reaksie op apartheid: 2019 | 2018
• Burgerregte Beweging & Die Swartmagbeweging: 2020
• Burgerregte Beweging/ Die koms van demokrasie in SA | 2019

The coming of democracy to SA and coming to terms with the past

• The road to democracy in South Africa and coming to terms with the past and the TRC
• The road to democracy and coming to terms with the past | 2017
• Die Waarheid- en Versoeningskommisie

Exam preparation

• Exam prep: essay and paragraph work
• Exam preparation P1 and 2 2021 | Eksamenvoorbereiding V1 en V2 2021
• Exam preparation 2017
• Paper 1 2021 content | Vraestel 1 2021 inhoud
• Paper 2 2021 content | Vraestel 2 2021 inhoud
• Paper 2 Exam preparation: Essay writing: The Challenge of Black consciousness to the apartheid state | Source-based question: The crisis of Apartheid in the 1980s: Internal resistance
• Eksamenvoorbereiding: Brongebaseer en Opstel vaardighede | Opstel: Burgerlike Weerstand in Suid-Afrika 1970 – 1990
• Revision Paper 1: Source-based: The Origins of War | The Civil Rights Movement and Essay writing: The Vietnam War | The Black Power Movement
• Vraestel 1: Brongebasseer: Die Oorsprong van die Koue Oorlog | Die Burgerregtebeweging en Opstelskryf: Die Viëtnam-oorlog | Die Swartmagbeweging
• Paper 1 Topics Revision | Vraestel 1 Inhoud Hersiening

• Mindset Network
• The Road to Democracy
• Exam Revision
• Learn Xtra Exam Revision 2014
• The Cold War
• Independent Africa
• Civil Society Protests: 1950s to 1970s
• Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980
• The Coming of Democracy in South Africa and Coming to Terms with the Past
• The End of the Cold War and a New World Order: 1989 to the present

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