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ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022 – 23 (IGNOU)

Eco 13 solved assignment 2022 – 23, ignou b.com free solved assignment 2022 – 23, business environment eco 13 solved assignment 2022 – 23, course title: business environment, assignment code: eco-13/tma/2022-2023, coverage: all blocks ( maximum marks: 100).

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1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.         (20)

Ans: Components of Business Environment

On the basis of extent of intimacy with the firm, the environmental factors may be classified into different levels or types. There are broadly two types of environment, the internal environment, i.e. factors internal to the firm and the external environment i.e. factors external to the firm which have relevance to it.

The internal factors are generally regarded as controllable factors because the company has control over these factors; it can alter or modify such factors as its personnel, physical facilities, organisation and functional means such as marketing mix to suit the environment.

The external factors on the other hand are, by and large, beyond the control of a company. The external or environmental factors such as the economic factors, socio-cultural factors, government and legal factors, demographic factors etc., are therefore generally regarded as uncontrollable factors.

Some of the external factors have a direct and intimate impact on the firm (like the suppliers and distributors of the firm). These factors are classified as micro environment, also known as task environment and operating environment. There are other external factors which affect an industry very generally (such as industrial policy, demographic factors etc.). They constitute what is called macro environment, general environment or remote environment. We may therefore consider the business environment at three levels:

1. Internal environment

2. Micro environment/ task environment/ operating environment

3. Macro environment/ general environment/ remote environment

Although business environment consists of both internal and external environments, many people often confine the term to the external environment of business.

1. Internal Environment: The   factors in   internal environment of business are to a certain extent controllable because the firm can change or modify these factors to improve its efficiency. However, the firm may not be able to change all the factors. The various internal factors are:

a) Value system: The value system of an organisation means the ethical beliefs that guide the organisation in achieving its mission and objectives.  It is a widely acknowledged fact that the extent to which the value system is shared by all in the organisation is an important factor contributing to its success.

b) Mission and objectives: The business domain of the company, direction of development, business philosophy, business policy etc. are guided by the mission and objectives of the company.  The objective of all firms is assumed to be maximisation of profit.  Mission is defined as the overall purpose or reason for its existence which guides and influences its business decision and economic activities.

c) Organisation structure: The organisational structure, the composition of the board of directors, the professionalism of management etc. are important factors influencing business decisions. The nature of the organisational structure has a significant influence over the decision making process in an organisation.  An efficient working of a business organisation requires that the organisation structure should be conducive for quick decision making. 

d) Corporate culture: Corporate culture is an important factor for determining the internal environment of any company.  In a closed and threatening type of corporate culture the business decisions are taken by top level managers while the middle level and lower level managers have no say in business decision-making.  This leads to lack of trust and confidence among subordinate officials of the company and secrecy pervades throughout the organisation.  This results in a sense of alienation among the lower level managers and workers of the company. In an open and participating culture, business decisions are taken by the lower level managers and top management has a high degree of confidence in the subordinates.

e) Quality of human resources:  Quality of employees that is of human resources of a firm is an important factor of internal environment of a firm.  The characteristics of the human resources like skill, quality, capabilities, attitude and commitment of its employees etc. could contribute to the strength and weaknesses of an organisation.  Some organisations find it difficult to carry out restructuring or modernisation plans because of resistance by its employees. 

f) Labour unions: Labour unions collectively bargains with the managers for better wages and better working conditions of the different categories of workers. For the smooth working of a business firm, good relations between management and labour unions are required.

g) Physical resources and technological capabilities: Physical resources such as, plant and equipment and technological capabilities of a firm determine its competitive strength which is an important factor for determining its efficiency and unit cost of production.  Research and development capabilities of a company determine its ability to introduce innovations which enhances productivity of workers. It is, however, important to note that the rapid technological growth and the growth of information technology in recent years have increased the relative importance of intellectual capital and human resources as compared to physical resources of a company. 

2. External Environment: The external environment is made up of micro and macro environment.

Micro Environment: This refers to the factors which influence the prospects of a particular firm; the firm can influence them with certain efforts. They are as follows:

a) Customers: The type and the nature of the customers influence the rate of growth of any firm. The firm has to be very particular about choosing the inputs and transforming them in to the output. The cost factor is subsidiary if the firm is dealing with such customers. If the customers are more commoners the quality of the commodity if less important than the cost of production. The customers want the commodity at a lower price so the firm will have to conscious about the cost in purchasing the inputs, in employment of labour, in packing and such other factors influencing the cost.

b) Competitors:   In modern age an absolute monopoly is a very rare thing. Most of the FIRMS have to work in some type of competition such as Monopolistic Competition or Oligopoly. A Firm has to be particular about the intensity of the competition. If the competition is severe the firm will have to be very particular about keeping the costs at the lowest level so that it can sell the commodity at a competitive price.

c) Suppliers:   The quality of the commodity and the cost of production are considerably influenced by the supplies of the inputs. If the inputs are supplied at economical prices, are of standard quality and if the supply is uninterrupted and timely the firm can produce a standard quality of a commodity and sell it at reasonable prices. Often the firms employ more than one supplier so as to ensure an uninterrupted supply of inputs. If the supplies of inputs are regular, consistent and reliable there is no need to keep a larger quantity in stock.

d) Channel Intermediaries: They refer to the different levels in the chain from the production unit to the final customer. The chain incorporates the stockists, the wholesalers, the distributors, the retailer etc. If there is a high level of efficiency maintained at every part of the chain the commodity can reach the final consumer in good condition and at a reasonable price. So the Firm has to select and maintain efficient intermediaries. The firm has to offer them proper terms

e) Society: The prospects of a firm depend upon the society in which it has to work and sell its products. In a homogenous society the job of the firm is easy. The people have almost the same habits likes and dislikes, values and ethical norms. In a heterogeneous society the job of the firm is difficult. A particular product may be acceptable to a particular section of the society but not acceptable to some other sections. In a country like India a firm has to into consideration all types of sections of the community such as the religious sections, the caste, the sect, language, region etc.

Conclusion: All these forces influence the chances available to a firm to survive and develop.

Macro Environment: The macro environment comprises of those forces which influence all business firms operating in an economy. They can be studied under the following categories: economic environment, political and regulatory environment, social/ cultural environment, demographic environment and technological. The components of these environments are discussed as below:

a) Economic Environment: The survival and success of each and every business enterprise depend fully on its economic environment. The main factors that affect the economic environment are:

(i) Economic Conditions: The economic conditions of a nation refer to a set of economic factors that have great influence on business organisations and their operations. These include gross domestic product, per capita income, markets for goods and services, availability of capital, foreign exchange reserve, growth of foreign trade, strength of capital market etc. All these help in improving the pace of economic growth.

(ii) Economic Policies: All business activities and operations are directly influenced by the economic policies framed by the government from time to time. Some of the important economic policies are: Industrial policy, Fiscal policy, monetary policy, foreign investment policy and Export –Import policy. The government keeps on changing these policies from time to time in view of the developments taking place in the economic scenario.

(ii) Economic System: The world economy is primarily governed by three types of economic systems, viz. Capitalist economy; Socialist economy; and Mixed economy. India has adopted the mixed economy system which implies co-existence of public sector and private sector.

b) Political Environment: This includes the political system, the government policies and attitude towards the business community and the unionism. All these aspects have a bearing on the strategies adopted by the business firms. The stability of the government also influences business and related activities to a great extent. It sends a signal of strength, confidence to various interest groups and investors.

c) Legal Environment: This refers to set of laws, regulations, which influence the business organisations and their operations. Every business organisation has to obey, and work within the framework of the law. The important legislation that concern the business enterprises include: Companies Act, 1956, Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, The Factories Act, 1948, Industrial Disputes Act, 19112, Payment of Gratuity Act, 19112, Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 etc. Besides, the above legislation, the following are also form part of the legal environment of business:

(i) Provisions of the Constitution

(ii) Judicial Decisions.

d)   Social Environment: The social environment of business includes social factors like customs, traditions, values, beliefs, poverty, literacy, life expectancy rate etc. The social structure and the values that a society cherishes have a considerable influence on the functioning of business firms. For example, during festive seasons there is an increase in the demand for new clothes, sweets, fruits, flower, etc.

e) Technological Environment: Technological environment include the methods, techniques and approaches adopted for production of goods and services and its distribution. The varying technological environments of different countries affect the designing of products. In the modern competitive age, the pace of technological changes is very fast. Hence, in order to survive and grow in the market, a business has to adopt the technological changes from time to time.

f) Demographic Environment: This refers to the size, density, distribution and growth rate of population. All these factors have a direct bearing on the demand for various goods and services.

g) Natural Environment: The natural environment includes geographical and ecological factors that influence the business operations. These factors include the availability of natural resources, weather and climatic condition, location aspect, topographical factors, etc. Business is greatly influenced by the nature of natural environment. For example, sugar factories are set up only at those places where sugarcane can be grown. It is always considered better to establish manufacturing unit near the sources of input.

2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.     (20)

Ans: Buy Full Assignment @ Rs. 25

3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries.       (20)

4. Distinguish between the following:                    (10+10)

(a) Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment.

Ans: FDI- Foreign Direct Investment   refers to international investment in which the investor obtains a lasting interest in an enterprise in another country. Most concretely, it may take the form of buying or constructing a factory in a foreign country or adding improvements to such a facility, in the form of property, plants, or equipment.

FDI is calculated to include all kinds of capital contributions, such as the purchases of stocks, as well as the reinvestment of earnings by a wholly owned company incorporated abroad (subsidiary), and the lending of funds to a foreign subsidiary or branch. The reinvestment of earnings and transfer of assets between a parent company and its subsidiary often constitutes a significant part of FDI calculations. FDI is more difficult to pull out or sell off. Consequently, direct investors may be more committed to managing their international investments, and less likely to pull out at the first sign of trouble.

On the other hand,   FPI (Foreign Portfolio Investment)   represents passive holdings of securities such as foreign stocks, bonds, or other financial assets, none of which entails active management or control of the securities’ issuer by the investor.

Unlike FDI, it is very easy to sell off the securities and pull out the foreign portfolio   investment. Hence, FPI can be much more volatile than FDI. For a country on the rise, FPI can bring about rapid development, helping an emerging economy move quickly to take advantage of economic opportunity, creating many new jobs and significant wealth. However, when a country’s economic situation takes a downturn, sometimes just by failing to meet the expectations of international investors, the large flow of money into a country can turn into a stampede away from it.

Difference between FDI and FPI

  (b) Direction of Exports and Direction of Imports.

5. Write short notes on the following:           (4×5)

(a) Changing Value System.

(b) Economic development.

(c) Indication of Sickness.

(d) Joint Ventures.

Ans: A joint venture is the combination of two or more persons into a specific single activity. It is a form of partnership which is limited to a specific venture. It is exactly the same as partnership, with the exception that it is one of a business that is to be terminated after completion of venture for which it is started. Since the business is to be terminated after completion of the venture, a firm name is not generally used. Thus the joint venture is like a temporary partnership with or without a firm name. It can also be said a particular partnership or partnership for a particular object.

Features of a Joint Venture:

a) It is a partnership for specific purpose only.

b) The business is dissolved after the completion of venture.

c) Going concern concept is not applicable in case of joint venture.

d) Provisions of Indian Partnership Act are also applicable in case of joint venture.

e) It does not use a firm name generally.

Merits of Joint Venture:

a) Sharing of risks and liability.

b) Low or no risk opportunities and massive leverage.

c) Access to new and modern technology.

d) It helps in expansion of business.

e) High profitability.

Demerits of Joint Venture:             

a) It is a Short term partnership

b) While preparing accounts, many accounting concepts are not applicable such as the going concern concept.

c) Chances of loss of reputation if venture associated with wrong people.

d) The level of expertise, investment and technology of both the parties are not equally matched.

e) Objective of joint venture in some cases is undefined.

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ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23

Business Environment

ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23 : All assignments are in PDF format which would be send on email/WhatsApp (9958676204) just after payment.

COURSE CODE : ECO 13

COURSE TITLE : Business Environment

ASSIGNMENT CODE : ECO 13/TMA/2022-2023

Maximum Marks: 100

Attempt all the questions:

1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.

2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.

3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries.

4. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment.

(b) Direction of Exports and Direction of Imports.

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Changing Value System

(b) Economic development

(c) Indication of Sickness

(d) Joint Ventures

ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23, ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23, ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23, ECO 13 Assignment, IGNOU Assignment ECO 13 2022-23- Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of the present session for Programme for the year 2022-23. ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this web page itself. They don’t got to go anywhere else when everything regarding the Assignments are available during this article only.

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IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23 , ECO 13 Business Environment Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free : ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 , IGNOU ECO 13 Assignment 2022-23, ECO 13 Assignment 2022-23 , ECO 13 Assignment , ECO 13 Business Environment Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free IGNOU Assignments 2022-23- B.COM 2022-23 Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of the present session for B.COM Programme for the year 2022-23. IGNOU B.COM stands for Bachelor’s in Commerce . IGNOU B.COM courses give students the freedom to choose any subject according to their preference.  Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this webpage itself. Study of Political Science is very important for every person because it is interrelated with the society and the molar values in today culture and society. IGNOU solved assignment 2022-23 ignou dece solved assignment 2022-23, ignou ma sociology assignment 2022-23 meg 10 solved assignment 2022-23 ts 6 solved assignment 2022-23 , meg solved assignment 2022-23 .

• 1 IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23
• 2 1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.
• 3 2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.
• 4 3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries .
• 5 4. Distinguish between the following: (a) Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment. (b) Direction of Exports and Direction of Imports.
• 6 IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23
• 7 GET IGNOU Handwritten Hardcopy , WhatsApp – 8130208920
• 8 5 Write short notes on the following: (a) Changing Value System (b) Economic development (c) Indication of Sickness (d) Joint Ventures
• 9 Get IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Now  here from this website.
• 10.1 IGNOU Instructions for the ECO 13 Business Environment Solved Assignment 2022-23
• 11 GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23
• 12 IGNOU Assignment Front Page
• 13.1 Related

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Submission Date :

• 31st March 2033 (if enrolled in the July 2033 Session)
• 30th Sept, 2033 (if enrolled in the January 2033 session).

All questions are compulsory.

1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.

The term “Business environment” represents the sum of all the individuals, institutions, competing organisations, government, courts, media, investors, and other factors outside the power of the business organisations but affects the business performance. Hence, changes in government economic policies, rapid changes in technology, changes in consumer tastes and preferences, increasing market competition, etc. are outside the business organisations’ power but affect the business performance immensely.

For example, an increase in taxes by the government makes everything expensive in the market; technology changes may make the existing product obsolete, political uncertainty creates fear in the mind of investors, increase in competition in the market due to competitors may affect business profit, and changing in demand and preferences may increase the need for a new product and decrease the demand for old product.

Business Environment Definition

The term “Business environment ” is the sum of all conditions, events, and influences that surround and affect business activities and growth.

Components of Business Environment

Internal – It combines the factors that exist within the company. These are –

• Human resources
• Value system
• Vision and mission
• Labour union
• Corporate culture

External – An external Environment includes those outside factors that exercise an influence on a business’s operations. It is further classified into two segments.

• Macro – Socio-cultural, political, legal, and global factors fall into this category.
• Micro – This environment has a direct and immediate impact on a business. It consists of customers, investors, suppliers, etc.

Features of Business Environment

• The business environment is the sum of all external factors that affect its growth.
• The business environment includes both general and specific forces. Specific forces include investors, customers, competitors, and suppliers. These factors affect individual enterprises directly and immediately in their day-to-day working. General forces include social, political, legal, and technological conditions. The general forces affect the business environment individually.
• The business environment is dynamic.
• The business environment is highly uncertain.
• The business environment is a relative concept as it differs from country to country and even region to region.

Dimensions of Business Environment

The dimension of the business environment refers to the sum of all factors, enterprises, and forces that constitute direct or indirect influence over business activities. Such five key elements are listed below. 

• Social Environment 

It implies the tradition, culture, customs, and values of a society in which the business exists. 

• Tradition: In India, festivals like Diwali, Christmas, and Holi provide a financial opportunity for several market segments like sweet manufacturers, gifting products suppliers, etc. 
• Value: A company that follows long-held values like social justice, freedom, equal opportunities, gender equality, etc. excels in that given society.
• Recurrent Trends: It refers to development or general changes in a society like consumption habits, fitness awareness, literacy rate, etc. which influence a business. For example, the demand for organic vegetables and gluten-free food is increasing; therefore, companies that manufacture food items keep this in mind to attract more crowds. 

Legal Environment 

It includes the laws, rules, regulations, and acts passed by the government. A company has to operate by abiding by the rules and regulations of laws like the Consumer Protection Act 1986, Companies Act 1956, etc. A proper understanding of these laws assists in the smooth operations of a company. 

Example: A cigarette-selling company compulsorily has to put the slogan “smoking is injurious to health” on every packaging.   

• Economic Environment 

It involves market conditions, consumer needs, interest rate, inflation rate, economic policies, etc. 

• Interest Rate – For example, interest rates of fixed-income instruments prevalent in an economic environment impact the interest rate it will offer on its debentures.
• Inflation Rate – A rise in the inflation rate leads to a price hike; hence, it limits businesses. 
• Customer’s Income – If the income of customers increases, the demand for goods and services will rise too. 
• Economic Policies – Policies like corporate tax rate, export duty, and import duty influence a business.
• Political Environment 

It consists of forces like the government’s attitudes towards businesses, ease-of-doing-business policies, the stability of the governing body, and peace within the country. All of these factors are extremely crucial for a company to sustain itself.  If the central and local government sanctions, policies, or acts are in favour of businesses, the nation’s overall economy strengthens due to increasing employment, productivity, and import and export of various products. 

Example – A pro-business government will make foreign investments more attractive in that country.   

• Technological Environment

It comprises the knowledge of the latest technological advancements and scientific innovations to improve the quality and relevance of goods and services. 

A company that regularly keeps track of these news can mould its business strategies accordingly.

Example: A Watch Company that sells smartwatches and traditional watches will prosper as smartwatches are trendy recently. 

2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.

Many sectors of the business world have long complained about government regulation. Corporations and their spokespeople often denounce government rules as irrational impediments to profits, economic efficiency, and job creation. Unsurprisingly, many firms have used loopholes, moved operations abroad, and violated antitrust laws as they attempted to deal with regulations.

In reality, American businesses have both prospered and suffered due to an ever-increasing number of rules and a complicated tax code. As a result, the relationship between firms and the government can be either collaborative or adversarial. More importantly, the rules have protected consumers from exploitative practices. Below, we’ll look at some of these regulations to see why their impacts on businesses can be difficult to determine.

Restraining Businesses

Congress passed the first antitrust law in 1890 and followed that with periodic changes in corporate tax rates and increasingly complex regulations governing business. 1  The business community has generally opposed laws, regulations, or tax levies that it thinks impede its operations and profitability. A common argument against overregulation and excessive taxation is that they impose a net cost on society in the long run. According to critics, government regulations slow disruptive innovations and fail to adapt to changes in society.

Others argue that there are good reasons for regulation. In pursuit of profit, businesses have damaged the environment, abused labor, violated immigration laws, and defrauded consumers. Proponents say that is why publicly accountable elected officials are in charge of regulation in the first place. Furthermore, some rules are essential for civilized competitive businesses to flourish. Few legitimate firms wish to engage in racketeering or participate in the underground market.

In any case, we now have entities and regulations to limit the alleged excesses of the free market. Businesses complain about many of these rules while also lobbying to have other rules changed in their favor.

3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries .

4. distinguish between the following: (a) foreign direct investment and portfolio investment. (b) direction of exports and direction of imports..

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IGNOU ECO-13 - Business Environment , Latest Solved Assignment (July 2023 - January 2024)

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IGNOU ECO-13 July 2023 - January 2024 - Solved Assignment

Are you looking to download a PDF soft copy of the Solved Assignment ECO-13 - Business Environment ? Then GullyBaba is the right place for you. We have the Assignment available in English and Hindi language.

This particular Assignment references the syllabus chosen for the subject of Business and Law , for the July 2023 - January 2024 session. The code for the assignment is ECO-13 and it is often used by students who are enrolled in the B.COM, BBA Degree.

Once students have paid for the Assignment, they can Instantly Download to their PC, Laptop or Mobile Devices in soft copy as a PDF format. After studying the contents of this Assignment, students will have a better grasp of the subject and will be able to prepare for their upcoming tests.

IGNOU ECO-13 (July 2023 - January 2024) Assignment Questions

1. How are ecological issuses relevant to business environment in India?

2. What is economic growth? Explain the trends in the rate of economic growth of Indian economy since 1951.

3. Describe the main features of Government policy in relation to industrial sickness.

4. Define a joint venture. Discuss their merits and demerits.

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Economic Planning (b) Coperative Sector (c) Collective Bargaining (d) Foreign Capital

IGNOU ECO-13 (July 2022 - January 2023) Assignment Questions

1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.

2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.

3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries.

4. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment. (b) Direction of Exports and Direction of Imports.

(a) Changing Value System (b) Economic development (c) Indication of Sickness (d) Joint Ventures

1. भारत के व्यावसायिक पर्यावरण के साथ में पारिस्थितिकी संबंधी मुद्दे कहाँ तक संबंद्ध है ?

2. आर्थिक संवद्धि क्या है ? 1951 के बाद के भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था में आर्थिक संवृद्धि के दर में परिवर्तन समझाइए ।

3. औद्योगिक रुग्णता के संबंध में सरकारी नीति की प्रमुख विशेषताओं का वर्णन कीजिए ।

4. संयुक्त उधम की परिभाषा दीजिए। उनके गुणों और दोषों के संबंध में विवेचन कीजिए ।

5. निम्नलिखित पर संक्षिप्त में टिप्पणीयां लिखिए :

(क) आर्थिक आयोजना (ख) सहकारी क्षेत्र (ग) सामूहिक सौदेबाजी (घ) विदेशी पूंजी

1. व्यावसायिक पर्यावरण के तीन घटक कौन से होते हैं ? उनका विवेचन कीजिए ।

2. सरकार की नियामक भूमिका के स्वरूप और उसके निहितार्थों की व्याख्या कीजिए ।

3. छोटे पैमाने के उद्योगों के प्रति सरकारी नीति का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए ।

4. निम्नलिखित में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए:

(क) विदेशी प्रत्यक्ष निवेश और पोर्टफोलियो निवेश (ख) निर्यातों की दिशा और आयातों की दिशा

(क) बदलती हुई मूल्य व्यवस्था (ख) आर्थिक विकास (ग) रुग्णता का संकेत (घ) संयुक्त उद्यम

ECO-13 Assignment Details

• University IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University)
• Title Business Environment
• Language(s) English and Hindi
• Session July 2023 - January 2024
• Code ECO-13
• Subject Business and Law
• Degree(s) B.COM , BBA
• Course Core Courses (CC)
• Author Gullybaba.com Panel
• Publisher Gullybaba Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Assignment Submission End Date

The IGNOU open learning format requires students to submit study Assignments. Here is the final end date of the submission of this particular assignment according to the university calendar.

• 30th April  (if Enrolled in the June Exams)
• 31st October (if Enrolled in the December Exams).

Download Files & Sessions Details

Here are the PDF files that you can Download for this Assignment. You can pick the language of your choice and see other relevant information such as the Session, File Size and Format.

English Language

• July 2023 - January 2024 12 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-BBA-ECO13-EN-374
• July 2022 - January 2023 14 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-BBA-ECO13-EN-229

Hindi Language

• July 2023 - January 2024 12 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-BBA-ECO13-HI-374
• July 2022 - January 2023 16 Pages (0.00 ), PDF Format SKU: IGNGB-AS-BBA-ECO13-HI-229

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IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment English Medium 2022-23

Free ECO 13 Solved Assignment English Medium 2022-23  for July 2022 and January 2023 Session, All IGNOU Assignments (Programme Wise) · Master's Degree Programmes · Bachelor's Degree Programmmes · P.G. Diplomaa Programmes · Diploma Programmes · Certificate Programmes. IGNOU Assignment 2022-23 (UPDATED) Get Here. IGNOU Assignment Status 2022-23, Marks, Grade Card, Practical Submission

E.C.O – 13

Business Environment   ECO 13 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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Attempt all the questions:

1. What are the three components of business environment? Discuss.

2. Explain the nature and implications of regulatory role of the government.

3. Critically evaluate the government policy towards small scale industries .

4. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment.

(b) Direction of Exports and Direction of Imports.

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Changing Value System

(b) Economic development

(c) Indication of Sickness

(d) Joint Ventures

Related Links :

IGNOU ECO 12 Solved Assignment English Medium 2022-23

IGNOU ECO 11 Solved Assignment English Medium 2022-23

IGNOU ECO 13 Solved Assignment English Medium 2022-23 The Indira Gandhi National Open  University has updated the IGNOU Assignment Status 2022-23 December Session so that students can know if their submission is completed or not. Now if you have also submitted your Assignment/Practical/Project till 15 December 2022 then you must be worried about the Assignment Status and Grade Card. So we decided to come up with   https://ignouadmission.samarth.edu.in/   Assignment 2022-23.  

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IGNOU ECO-13 Study Material

IGNOU ECO-13 Study Materials/Books – If you come to this page for download each course of ECO-13 Study Material so you are come at right place. Here you will get everything for which you have come to here. We have downloaded all available Study Materials of ECO-13 to our System and it is ready and available for all ECO-13 Students.

We provide all study materials to IGNOU BCom F&CA student with free of cost and it can download easily and without registration need.

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Is it required to download ECO-13 Materials?

For attend IGNOU ECO-13 TEE Examination, it is necessary to first submit your Assignments to IGNOU and it is possible from IGNOU Study Material . You can solve your ECO-13 Assignments with using Books/Materials. Not only Assignments, but you can use it for preparation of Examination and you can get good marks in your BCom with Major in Financial and Cost Accounting Programme Annual Exams with good grade.

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IGNOU ECO-13 Assignment Question Paper Free Download (2023-24)

Valid for july 2023 and january 2024 sessions, if you want to download eco-13: business environment assignment question paper for 2023-24 sessions, you have come to the right place. please click on the image or button below to download the question paper. if you are looking for free solved assignment reference material for this subject, you may download that using the button below as well. this content is donated by gyaniversity publications and is verified by professors. it is plagiarism-free, so you can be assured to learn well and get the highest marks.

ECO-13: Business Environment

ECO-13 assignment question paper and solved assignment is applicable for 2023-24 sessions in IGNOU. In case you took admission or re-registered in a previous session but did not submit your assignments previously, you must use this latest question paper for submission as the old question papers are no longer valid. If you are looking to pass your exams easily, you can also check out the below guidebook which provides students with the most important questions that are most likely to appear in your final term end exams! Click on the image or button below to learn more about this.

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Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

The capital city of Irkutsk oblast: Irkutsk .

Irkutsk Oblast - Overview

Irkutsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in Eastern Siberia, in the south-eastern part of the Siberian Federal District. Irkutsk is the capital city of the region.

The population of Irkutsk Oblast is about 2,357,000 (2022), the area - 774,846 sq. km.

Irkutsk oblast flag

Irkutsk oblast coat of arms.

Irkutsk oblast map, Russia

Irkutsk oblast latest news and posts from our blog:.

19 April, 2023 / Steam Locomotive of the Circum-Baikal Railway .

8 June, 2021 / Irkutsk - the view from above .

4 April, 2019 / Cities of Russia at Night - the Views from Space .

16 November, 2017 / The Lost World of Tofalaria .

22 September, 2016 / The train ride along the shore of Lake Baikal .

More posts..

News, notes and thoughts:

5 October, 2013   / Typical news from Russia. In Irkutsk region, the bear made his way in one of the cottages located near Ust-Ilimsk. By night, the bear climbed onto the veranda through the window and ate the whole pot of borsch while owners were in the banya. Arrived on the scene the police shot into the air and the bear ran into the woods.

Irkutsk Oblast - Economy

Irkutsk Oblast is rich in such natural resources as oil, natural gas, gold, iron, coal. It is an important transport hub of Siberia - the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Railway pass through its territory. The main rivers are the Angara, Belaya, Iya, Kitoy, Irkut, Oka, Lena, Kirenga, and Nizhnaya Tunguska.

This region plays a significant role in the Russian industry. In the all-Russian production it makes about 6,5% of power production, 15% of timber export, 6% of coal mining, almost 20% of pulp production, over 10% of carton, about 9% of oil.

The following industries are the most developed: timber and wood-processing, pulp and paper, mining, fuel, non-ferrous metallurgy, power engineering, machine-building, chemical and oil, food and ferrous metallurgy. Hydro-power industry is also well developed (the main dams: Irkutsk Dam, Bratsk Dam, Ust-Ilimsk Dam). Industrial enterprises are mainly located in Irkutsk and several district centers.

The railway is the main means of transport. The main transport line is the Trans-Siberian Railway. The western part of the Baikal-Amur Railway stretches from the town of Taishet to the east through the territory of the region. The total length of railways is about 2,500 km.

There are two airports in the cities of Irkutsk and Bratsk, they are international airports and offer flights to China, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, South Korea.

Several large navigable rivers flow through the region - the Angara, Lena, Nizhnyaya Tunguska. The largest ports are located on the Lena - Kirensk and Osetrovo. They provide cargo transportation to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the northern seaport of Tixi.

Nature of Irkutsk Oblast

Beautiful nature of the Irkutsk region

Author: Kovalev Maksim

River in Irkutsk Oblast

Author: Roman Romanov

Lake in Irkutsk Oblast

Author: V.Chokan

Irkutsk Oblast - Features

Irkutsk Oblast is a large subject of the Russian Federation that is almost equal to the territory of Turkey. It is the largest region of Russia that has no outlet to the sea. From north to south the region stretches for about 1,450 km, from west to east - for 1,318 km.

The distance from Irkutsk to Moscow by rail - 5,192 km, to Vladivostok - 4,106 km. Time difference between Irkutsk and Moscow - 5 hours. The largest cities and towns of Irkutsk Oblast are Irkutsk (617,200), Bratsk (222,500), Angarsk (220,000), Ust-Ilimsk (78,700), Usolie-Sibirskoye (73,800).

The climate in the Irkutsk region is sharply continental, with long cold winters and short hot and dry summers.

Irkutsk Oblast has a rich history: ancient sites, the Russians settling in eastern Siberia, Decembrists, the Soviet construction sites - there are historical monuments in almost every settlement. Over 60 museums are open in the region, they attract historians and tourists from Europe and Asia.

Attractions of Irkutsk Oblast

Baikal , the largest freshwater lake in the world, occupies a special place among the riches of Siberia. This lake is a wonderful natural monument known for its extremely clean, very clear water. Baikal is a unique sea-lake sung in legends and tales of antiquity, one the centers of Asian culture. It is a great place for eco-tourism.

The Circum-Baikal Railway , offering stunning views of the lake and its surroundings, is one of the most visited places of the region. It is an amazing piece of engineering, a historical monument of the 19th century. There are 38 tunnels with total length of 9,063 m, 15 stone galleries, 3 concrete galleries, 248 bridges and viaducts, 172 architectural monuments.

Olkhon , the largest on Lake Baikal, is also popular among tourists. In Buryat folk legends, Olkhon Island is a mysterious place; to this day it is known as the center of shamanism.

Khamar-Daban, Primorsky, North Baikal ridges, Sayan spurs, Olkhinskoye plateau are unique place not only for mountaineering but also for downhill skiing. Tourists are also attracted by mountain skiing in Baikalsk city.

About 60 km from Irkutsk there is an architectural and ethnographical museum “Taltsy”.

Irkutsk oblast of Russia photos

Pictures of irkutsk oblast.

Early autumn in the Irkutsk region

Author: Taranovsky

Sunset in Irkutsk Oblast

Author: Konstantin Vavilov

Church in Irkutsk Oblast

Orthodox church in the Irkutsk region

Author: Gennady Taraskov

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Rating: 3.1 /5 (170 votes cast)

Top Things to Do in Bratsk, Russia

Places to visit in bratsk.

• 5.0 of 5 bubbles
• 4.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• Good for Kids
• Good for a Rainy Day
• Budget-friendly
• Good for Big Groups
• Adventurous
• Hidden Gems
• Good for Couples
• Honeymoon spot
• Good for Adrenaline Seekers
• Things to do ranked using Tripadvisor data including reviews, ratings, photos, and popularity.

1. Park of Culture and Leisure of Bratsk Municipality

2. Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station

3. Angarsk Village Architectural and Ethnographic Museum im. O. Leonova

4. Bratsk Drama Theatre

5. Children Entertainment Center Bonifatsiy

6. Church of the Nativity

7. Bratsk Museum of The History of The Development of The Angara River

8. Orthodox Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God

9. Glory Memorial

10. Art Exhibit Hall - Bratsk Joint City History Museum Branch

11. Tirlyama Puppet Theater

12. grace church in christ, 13. church of all saints resplendent in the russian land.

14. Museum of History of Political Repressions

15. The Roman Catholic Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius

16. Museum of Labour Slava of Gidroelektromontazh

17. Metallurg

18. angara stadium.

19. Bratsk River Port

20. pingvin hockey court, 21. champion sport complex, 22. transfiguration church, 23. v. i. mokrovitskiy museum, 24. lokomotiv, 25. church in the name of saint innocent metropolitan of moscow.

26. Angara Karting Centre

27. Punkt Prokata Kartingov

28. Konny Mir