Dissertation editing services

Your one-stop-shop for dissertation editing services.

Bring your PhD dissertation to the next level with the help of Scribbr’s experienced dissertation editors.

  • 2,000-word sample edit is available on request

100% happiness guarantee

  • Industry-specific editors experienced in proofreading dissertations

Englisch Korrektur Student

  • Proofreading & Editing
  • Dissertation Editing Services

Experienced dissertation editors

Revisions within 12 hours.

corrected dissertation example with comments

Dissertation Proofreading & Editing Services

Get your dissertation back, free of language errors and inconsistencies.

Standard dissertatio Proofreading & Editing is perfect if you’re confident about your writing but need a second pair of eyes to catch:

  • Spelling and grammar errors
  • Inconsistencies in dialect
  • Overuse of passive voice
  • Subjective or inflated language

For a more comprehensive edit, you can add one or multiple add-on editing services that fit your needs.

Add-on services

Customize your editing package to get the help you need, structure check, clarity check, paper formatting, citation editing.

Ensures sections and chapters are structured and focused and your writing is free of redundancies.

  • Through in-text feedback, your editor will help:
  • Organize and focus individual chapters and sections
  • Eliminate repetitive and redundant information
  • Perfect transitions between sentences and paragraphs
  • Align titles and headings with the section’s content

You’ll also receive a personalized Structure Check Report meant to help you identify missing elements in each chapter or section and prioritize improvements.

dissertation proofreading and editing

Ensures ideas are presented clearly, your arguments are consistent, and your audience can follow along.

Through in-text comments and checklists, your editor will:

  • Make sure your text tells a clear and logical story
  • Check that you’ve clearly presented concepts, ideas, and key terms
  • Make sure your key takeaways and conclusions are front and center
  • Highlight contradictions within the text
  • Ensure you’re keeping your audience’s needs in mind

dissertation proofreading and editing

Ensures a professional look and feel of your document that meets your formatting requirements.

Your formatting expert will apply the 7th edition APA Style guidelines to all elements in your paper, including:

  • Margins, spacing, and indentation
  • Body text and headings
  • Page numbers
  • Abstract and keywords
  • Explanatory footnotes

dissertation proofreading and editing

Citation Editing ensures your citations and references are consistent and meet your style guide’s requirements.

After you provide your document with a reference list, your citation expert will:

  • Format the layout of your reference page (margins, indents, spacing)
  • Ensure that your chosen citation style is applied consistently according to the guidelines
  • Cross-check citations with reference entries
  • Provide feedback on reference list entries that you need to complete due to missing information

Your expert is familiar with all common citation styles. Find more information about the service and our requirements in our FAQs .

dissertation proofreading and editing

You'll get matched with the perfect editor

All  Scribbr editors   have completed our   Scribbr Academy   training program. Their work and experience meet the high standards required to proofread PhD dissertations.

Plus, your deadline is guaranteed. You’ll receive a free text message as soon as your editor is done proofreading, so you can immediately start working on their recommendations.

editor richa profile picture

I have a doctorate in biology and studied a range of life science subjects. I specialize in editing academic texts.

editor samantha profile picture

I researched at Harvard, taught English with a Fulbright in Peru, and earned a master's from Johns Hopkins.

editor Ayo profile picture

I am an academic editor and book reviewer. I am familiar with many style guides and have edited over 6 million words.

editor emily profile picture

I have a bachelor's in electrical engineering and a master's in psychology and am pursuing a PhD in neuroscience.

editor callum profile picture

I am an ESL teacher and academic editor with a research background in the humanities, arts, and culture.

Maximize your dissertation's potential with expert editing

Select your currency

“Awesome”

Consider this, I scored over 40 on verbal, on the graduate management admission test (i.e., admission test for MBA), which places me at the 83 percentile. In other words, my english is above par. Yet, my revision was filled with comments and adjustments that made my text a lot more clear to the reader. My revision was also ready two days early, which was a pleasant surprise.

How it works

Improve your dissertation in 3 easy steps, upload any time.

Upload your document and easily select the pages that need editing. Next, choose your turnaround time and services and explain your situation and needs to the editor.

Stay in the loop

After placing your order you can keep track of our progress. From finding your perfect editor to potential hand-overs to formatting or citation experts.

Revise and submit

You’ll receive back your document with tracked changes and feedback as well as a personal letter from your editor. The last step is submitting your work with confidence!

Scribbr & academic integrity

Scribbr is committed to protecting academic integrity. Our proofreading service, our AI writing tools ( plagiarism checker , paraphrasing tool , grammar checker , summarizer,  Citation Generator ) as well as our free Knowledge Base content are designed to help students produce quality academic papers.

We make every effort to prevent our software from being used for fraudulent or manipulative purposes.

Your questions, answered.

At Scribbr, we promise to make every customer 100% happy with the service we offer. Our philosophy: Your complaint is always justified – no denial, no doubts.

Our customer support team is here to find the solution that helps you the most, whether that’s a free new edit or a refund for the service.

The fastest turnaround time is 12 hours.

You can upload your document at any time and choose between three deadlines:

Yes, in the order process you can indicate your preference for American, British, or Australian English .

If you don’t choose one, your editor will follow the style of English you currently use. If your editor has any questions about this, we will contact you.

Yes, regardless of the deadline you choose, our editors can proofread your document during weekends and holidays.

Example: If you select the 12-hour service on Saturday, you will receive your edited document back within 12 hours on Sunday.

Get in touch, with real people

We answer your questions quickly and personally from 9:00 to 23:00 CET

Support team - Nina

Knowledge Base

Finishing your dissertation with scribbr’s top-rated guides.

Dissertation Writing

How to Write a Dissertation Conclusion

Prize-winning dissertation examples, dissertation outline, how to write a dissertation proposal.

Grad Coach

Your Writing, Expertly Edited

Get your work meticulously edited and proofread by PhD-qualified academic writing specialists, who know exactly what markers want .

Grad Coach awards

Your All-In-One Solution

While many providers charge for editing and proofreading separately, our service includes both . This means we’ll take care of the following:

  • Fix typos, misspellings, punctuation issues and ensure consistency of your spelling format (e.g., UK or US English).
  • Undertake light rewriting of poorly presented sentences, to improve readability and ease of understanding. If substantial rewriting is needed, we’ll provide suggestions.
  • Highlight areas where clarification and additional explanation are needed.
  • Ensure that your in-text references are in the correct style, formatted correctly and are included in the end-text reference list.
  • Ensure that your reference list is correctly formatted.
  • Highlight areas where additional references are needed (e.g., sweeping statements, unfounded arguments, etc.).
  • Generate the table of contents page, lists of figures and tables.
  • Ensure consistent style for figure and table captions.
  • Insert captions where we are able to, or highlight areas where captions are needed.
  • Ensure consistency of heading levels and styles.
  • Ensure correct page numbering (e.g., roman numerals for pre-matter).
  • Ensure that your format/page layout is in line with your institute’s requirements.

What exactly you get  

Every editing and proofreading project includes the following key deliverables:

dissertation proofreading and editing

A perfectly edited document

You’ll receive a clean, finalised version of your document, fully edited and proofread. You’ll also receive a second version with all changes tracked , as well as our comments and suggestions to improve your writing further.

Research proposal topic refinement

A detailed plagiarism report

If you’d like, we can run a comprehensive plagiarism scan on your document and provide you with a detailed report that outlines potential plagiarism issues and provides a similarity index. This is included free of charge.

Research proposal topic refinement

A polished conceptual framework

If your document includes a conceptual framework, we’ll polish your design into a high-quality visual to give your work a professional look. Again, this service is provided completely free of charge. 

Research proposal topic refinement

A certificate of editing

If your university requires a formal certificate of editing or confirmation letter, we’ll draft this according to your institution’s specific requirements. We can also provide copies of invoices and receipts if required by your sponsor. 

The Grad Coach Difference  

Editors are a dime a dozen  and there’s always someone who can do it cheaper. Here’s what makes Grad Coach’s editing and proofreading service different.

Academic editing experts

Academic Writing Specialists

Our PhD-qualified editors specialise in academic writing, so they know exactly what markers want.

Dissertation and thesis supervisors

Combined Editing & Proofreading

Our service includes both editing and proofreading, while others charge separately for each.

Plagiarism report free

Full Plagiarism Reporting

In addition to editing and proofreading, we can also provide a  plagiarism report , completely free of charge.

Get Your Dissertation Edited Today

Or book a free, no-obligation consultation .

Awards and accreditations

Frequently Asked Questions

Below are some of the most popular editing-related questions we receive.

Editing & Proofreading

How do you edit and proofread.

Our editing and proofreading process is 100% manual - in other words, it's handled by a team of highly qualified human editors, not machines . We don't use any automation software or tools, as nothing can beat the quality and accuracy of human editing.

Our editing team consists of a diverse mix of Doctoral and Master's-qualified language specialists . The team is managed by Dr Eunice Rautenbach , who holds both a Master's and Doctoral degree in language practice. All team members have extensive academic editing experience, are native English speakers (from the US, UK and SA) and have worked on numerous dissertations, theses and research projects.

Can I see an example/sample of your editing?

Certainly . You can download a sample editing and proofreading project here .

Will you sort out my references and citations?

Yes . As part of the editing process, we will ensure that your references and citations are in the correct format (e.g., Harvard, APA, etc) as per your university's requirements (you'll need to advise us what these are).

However, keep in mind that we can't fill in incomplete references or find the relevant sources for you (as it's impossible for us to know which sources you've referenced). We also cannot check whether the references you have are accurate or suitable for the arguments you make in your writing.

Can you fix/build my table of contents?

Yes , we can create a table of contents based on the headings and subheadings throughout your dissertation or thesis. This table of contents will include the respective page number for each heading or subheading.

Can you lower my word count?

Yes - as part of the editing process, we will edit your work for concision. However, we cannot guarantee a specific word count or percentage reduction, as this would risk cutting out important content.

Can you check my work for plagiarism?

Yes - we can provide a detailed plagiarism report with every editing and proofreading project. However, please keep in mind that universities use a variety of plagiarism-checking services. Therefore, if your university provides you with a plagiarism-checking facility (as they often do), you should double-check your score on that system.

How long does the editing and proofreading process take?

It depends on the length of the document, the overall quality of the writing (i.e., the number of issues to be resolved) and our project load at the time of submission.

Generally speaking, we can complete a standard dissertation/thesis of 20,000 words within 2-3 days , but this varies depending on the factors above. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you pre-book your editing with us for a specific date. For pre-booked projects, we can provide a guaranteed timeline, which is generally shorter than that of "walk-in" projects. Please email us to pre-book your project.

Can you provide a certificate of editing?

Yes , certainly. We can issue a certificate according to your university's requirements. We can also sign any paperwork required by your university as proof of editing.

Will my document be treated as confidential?

Yes , absolutely. Your work will be treated as strictly confidential and will never be shared or published. We will gladly sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) with you if you wish.

How much does editing cost?

Our fee is based on the total word count of the document. This includes the body content and the reference list (as we need to review this). You can also include the appendices if you wish, but it's generally not required.

Click here to view our pricing or book a free consultation to discuss your project.

When should I submit my document to you?

Generally, editing and proofreading should be the very last step in your writing process. This ensures that you don't "undo" any editing work, or introduce new typos or grammar issues.

However, if your supervisor has specifically instructed you to get your work edited before submitting it to them for final review, you should follow their instructions. If you're unsure which approach to take, get in touch with us.

Can you edit my dissertation/thesis as I complete each chapter?

We can, but we don't recommend it . By editing chapter by chapter, consistency is reduced and there is a strong chance that there will be conflicts between document versions in terms of references, page, table and figure numbers, and so on. As a result, a lot of the work will be "undone" and you'll need to spend a lot of time revising and checking each section.

How much time should I factor in post-edit to make corrections?

We recommend that you factor in a day or two to make your final corrections after receiving your document back from us. This is not essential (as you can just accept all our edits "as is"), but it is a good idea to have a buffer in case you want to make any additions or revisions. You might also need to fix issues highlighted by the edit, e.g., regarding clarity of meaning or problems flagged with your referencing.

Can you do a second review of my document after the first edit?

We can review your document as many times as you need , but each review is charged separately. In other words, we cannot provide a second review (after we've edited and proofread) free of charge.

Can you check that my Conclusions and Recommendations represent all my findings?

This is beyond the scope of language editing, as it involves data analysis and interpretation. If you would like assistance with this, we can assist with 1-on-1 coaching , where we review your work critically and provide in-depth feedback (you can view a sample of this here ).

Can you write my abstract (or exec summary) for me?

No , we can't. As part of the editing process, we will improve the quality of your writing, but we cannot write any section for you. Having any section written for you would constitute academic misconduct.

Can you rephrase text to reduce my plagiarism score?

No , we can’t. While we may undertake some very light rewriting of poorly constructed sentences to improve readability and ease of understanding, we cannot revise content to reduce plagiarism, as we are not familiar with the articles/sources being referenced.

Can you arrange the separate sections of my document?

No , we cannot arrange (or rearrange) sections of content on your behalf, as this may impact the core meaning and/or the thread of argument.

That said, if we feel that a section could be structured better for clarity, we will comment on this and make suggestions. Additionally, we will check that your headings and subheadings are numbered sequentially and are consistent in style.

I still have questions…

No problem. Feel free to email us or book an initial consultation to discuss.

Still have a question?  No problem – feel free to  email us  or  book a consultation .

What our clients say

David's depth of knowledge in research methodology was truly impressive. He demonstrated a profound understanding of the nuances and complexities of my research area, offering insights that I hadn't even considered. His ability to synthesize information, identify key research gaps, and suggest research topics was truly inspiring. I felt like I had a true expert by my side, guiding me through the complexities of the proposal. 

Cyntia Sacani (US)

I had been struggling with the first 3 chapters of my dissertation for over a year. I finally decided to give GradCoach a try and it made a huge difference. Alexandra provided helpful suggestions along with edits that transformed my paper. My advisor was very impressed.

Tracy Shelton (US)

Working with Kerryn has been brilliant. She has guided me through that pesky academic language that makes us all scratch our heads. I can't recommend Grad Coach highly enough; they are very professional, humble, and fun to work with. If like me, you know your subject matter but you're getting lost in the academic language, look no further, give them a go.

Tony Fogarty (UK)

So helpful! Amy assisted me with an outline for my literature review and with organizing the results for my MBA applied research project. Having a road map helped enormously and saved a lot of time. Definitely worth it.

Jennifer Hagedorn (Canada)

Everything about my experience was great, from Dr. Shaeffer’s expertise, to her patience and flexibility. I reached out to GradCoach after receiving a 78 on a midterm paper. Not only did I get a 100 on my final paper in the same class, but I haven’t received a mark less than A+ since. I recommend GradCoach for everyone who needs help with academic research.

Antonia Singleton (Qatar)

I started using Grad Coach for my dissertation and I can honestly say that if it wasn’t for them, I would have really struggled. I would strongly recommend them – worth every penny!

Richard Egenreider (South Africa)

Not convinced? Read more reviews and testimonials here .

Get A Quote For Your Project

Get an online quote in less than 60 seconds, or book a free, no-obligation consultation with a friendly Editing Specialist.

  • Link to facebook
  • Link to linkedin
  • Link to twitter
  • Link to youtube

Academic Proofreading And Editing

Whether you’re writing a thesis, research paper, or PhD proposal, Proofed’s academic proofreading and editing services will help ensure your writing reads smoothly and your ideas are communicated effectively.

dissertation proofreading and editing

Enhance Your Academic Writing

No matter what you’re working on, with Proofed’s academic proofreading and editing services, you can rest assured that your writing will be clear and concise, with a strong academic style and tone.

We can even check references and citations in your work. Because good writing is vital for success in academia, our proofreading and editing services can help you achieve your career goals.

Experienced Academic Editors

Our team includes editors with PhDs and master’s degrees in a wide range of subject areas. We’ve also edited thousands of academic documents so we understand the high standard of writing required in academia and will use our skills and expertise to make your writing the best it can be.

Are You Looking To Publish Your Writing?

Proofed’s academic proofreading service has helped thousands of academics in many fields of study prepare their papers, reports, and articles for publication. Visit our researcher page to learn more about how we can polish your writing, thus increasing your chances of publication.

Academic Proofreading Example (After Editing)

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing

Academic Proofreading Example (After Editing)

A Dedicated Team Of Expert Editors Working 24/7, 365 Days A Year

We pair your document with an editor who understands your field of study. If you’re happy with the results, let us know, and we’ll make sure the same editor works on all of your documents. That way, you can be sure the proofreading we provide will always meet your standards.

Editor - Jayne L

Expert Editor

Editor - Samira M

Highly Educated Editors

Female Editors

Hold Graduate Degree

Qualified In Over

Subject Areas

How We Work With Academics

Lightning-fast delivery.

You’ll never miss a deadline with our speedy services: our Next-Day Guarantee means we’ll return any document up to 8,000 words long within 24 hours.

And if you need a faster turnaround, simply select your desired delivery speed when you submit your document. We have three options

We can also meet custom deadlines! Just let us know what you need. 

* For documents up to 8,000 words

** For documents up to 3,000 words

Great Pricing

Our pricing is affordable and transparent – the cost is based on the exact length of your document. Check out our pricing calculator for an instant quote, and rest assured that you’ll receive the highest quality proofreading and editing for the best value on the market.

Referencing Expertise

Our team includes experts in various referencing styles and systems, including AMA, APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver, and IEEE. No matter what style you’re using, though, we can check that your citations and references are correct and let you know if any information is missing. Visit our referencing page to learn more.

Subject-Matter Experts

Our team includes over 750 professional editors with backgrounds in a wide range of disciplines, so we’ll always match you with the best editor for your writing, whether you need help with a sociology dissertation, handouts for a music theory lecture, or a biology research paper.

24-Hour Support

Our support team is available around the clock to address any concerns or questions you have about your order. This means you’ll never be left in the dark, no matter where you are or what time it is.

We Work With Every Major Format

Our system supports over 15 document formats, making it easy to submit content for proofreading and editing. Click on a file icon below to learn more.

MS Powerpoint

Google Docs

Google Slides

Google Sheets

Illustrator

Select Your Document Type Below To Learn More

Research papers.

Present your findings with pride by having your research paper checked by our expert academic proofreaders.

Journal Articles

Prepare for publication by letting our expert academic proofreaders check your journal article for errors.

Let our expert academic proofreaders help you put the finishing touches on your PhD thesis or dissertation.

Make sure your arguments come across clearly by having your thesis checked by our expert academic proofreaders.

Research Proposals

Enhance your application by letting our expert academic proofreaders check your research proposal for errors.

Instant Quote

You can also upload a document to get an instant quote

Drag & drop your file

or browse your computer

Browse from your device

Drop your file here!

Your file is being uploaded!

Logo Harvard University

Looking For The Perfect Proofreader?

We can help you improve everything from journal articles to theses. Let us show you how!

TrueEditors

Dissertation Editing Services: Everything You Need to Know

If you’re unsure about the quality of your dissertation writing, it’s best to get it reviewed by an expert editor. But you may have lots of questions about how this works. Do you need professional dissertation editing services? What process do they follow? What are the best dissertation proofreading services and how can you choose the right one for yourself?

In this article, we’ve answered all these questions and more. From checks to find out if a company is legit to your expected dissertation editing costs, we’ve covered it all. So without further ado, let’s get into it.  

What Are Dissertation Editing Services?

Dissertation editing services are professional services that help students refine their dissertations before submitting them. Companies that provide these services for students and researchers are also called “dissertation editing services”. Depending on the type of review, they check your thesis for coherence, clarity, syntax, grammar, and word choice.

While understanding professional editing services for dissertations, you may wonder how they work. These companies employ hundreds of academic editors from diverse fields. They use advanced software and a skilled team to assign each dissertation to an expert from the field. This way, you don’t have to waste your time hunting for a dissertation editor and you still get expert feedback.

But are dissertation proofreading and editing services really that important? Could you do without them?

Why Choose Dissertation Editing Services?

You should choose dissertation editing services because your dissertation is the most important academic text you’ll ever work on. It’s your responsibility to ensure that it’s written and formatted as perfectly as possible, and you will lose marks if there are errors in the document!

Plus, your dissertation is your original contribution to your field of study. It has to be the best reflection of your research, or it’ll undermine all your hard work. Due diligence in editing and proofreading your dissertation elevates its quality and conveys your sincerity to your work.

But why not edit your dissertation yourself? Well, there are several disadvantages of self-editing. There are even more advantages of dissertation editing services. So, what do dissertation editing services offer?

Dissertation editing services:

  • Catch the most minute errors you’ll likely miss, even with several reviews.
  • Improve the clarity and coherence of your writing.
  • Ensure accuracy in research methods, argument logic, and use of technical terms.
  • Offer expert feedback to improve your document further.
  • Elevate the overall impact and quality of your dissertation, helping you score higher.

But how does this process work? A dissertation is a lengthy document, so dissertation proofreading services take a layered approach.

Dissertation Editing Process

The dissertation editing process moves from macro-level edits to micro-level edits. So, document-spanning issues such as coherence and argument clarity are considered first. More specific issues such as grammar and spelling mistakes are fixed at the end to avoid repeated work. 

Depending on the scope of the editing step and the issues looked at, there are four major types of editing. They’re undertaken in a specific order, but various services may offer them in different formats.

Types of Dissertation Editing

The four types of dissertation editing are substantive or developmental editing, line editing, copy editing, and proofreading. Does your dissertation need all four steps? Let’s take a look.

1. Substantive Editing

Substantive editing, also known as content editing or developmental editing, focuses on the content of your dissertation. It improves the structure and flow of the entire document, examining its clarity and coherence. 

A substantive editor:

  • Examines the logical development of your argument.
  • Ensures that your writing is clear and has a smooth flow.
  • Checks the validity of your methodology and data points.
  • Removes any ambiguous, redundant, or repetitive sections.
  • Ensures that your dissertation aligns with your research objectives.

The substantive editor will leave comments on the document, highlighting problematic areas and suggesting improvements. Since you’re the writer, you decide which comments to work on and which ones to ignore, if any. 

2. Line Editing

Line editing is a line-by-line edit that improves the clarity, flow, and effectiveness of your academic sentences. This is a more stylistic review, focusing on meaning, tone, and word choice than grammar or punctuation. So if you want to ensure that your dissertation is engaging, coherent, and well-written, you need a line editor.

A line editor checks your dissertation for the following:

  • Clear expression of the intended meaning
  • Word choice and sentence structure
  • Smooth flow between sentences and paragraphs
  • Consistency in tone and style
  • Pacing (sentence length, density of data, etc.)
  • Overt language errors (not the main focus)

This step is crucial for ESL students and researchers as well as anyone who’s unsure of their writing abilities. However, providers of dissertation editing services often combine line editing with copy editing, since both these steps address overlapping concerns.

3. Copy Editing

Copy editing for a dissertation is a meticulous process that focuses on the mechanical aspects of writing such as grammar, spelling, and punctuation. In its pure form, copy editing doesn’t pay much attention to stylistic or technical aspects of your writing. So, a copy editor will fix the language errors in a sentence but not inconsistencies in writing style or pacing.

Just because dissertation copy editing is mechanical doesn’t mean it has a narrow scope, though. A copy editor checks not only writing but also graphic elements, formatting style, and referencing. A copy editor undertakes the following tasks:

  • Correcting errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and sentence construction.
  • Ensuring proper sentence structure with subject-verb agreement.
  • Making the text clear and readable.
  • Checking the use of technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms.
  • Reviewing the labeling, formatting, relevance, and overall fitness of tables, figures, and images.
  • Ensuring that the dissertation follows the prescribed style guidelines (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).
  • Reviewing in-text citations and entries on the reference list; cross-checking them for accuracy and missing details.
  • Checking for overall consistency in the document (formatting, word choice, and style).
  • Undertaking a basic review of the page layout.

As you can see, a copy editor plays a crucial role in removing several kinds of errors from your dissertation. Compared to this, a line editor’s review seems smaller in scope. So, most dissertation copy editing service providers combine it with line editing. They correct language errors and add comments for stylistic improvements.

4. Proofreading

Dissertation proofreading is the final review that highlights any errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting. It looks only for surface-level mistakes, such as typographical or language-related errors. So, it’s like copy editing in a sense but with a smaller scope.

Proofreading removes any lingering errors that may distract readers or undermine your hard work. It may seem like a minor step, but it’s an essential quality check and your last defense against any superficial errors. You should proofread your dissertation once all other editing steps are complete to avoid rework.

Proofreading highlights the following errors in your dissertation:

  • Spelling mistakes and typos
  • Punctuation errors
  • Any obvious grammar errors
  • Incorrect abbreviations and acronyms
  • Errors in labeling or formatting tables and figures
  • Referencing errors
  • Problems with page formatting (such as improper margins and missing headers)

Since a dissertation proofreader has to catch such minute errors, proofreading is a painstaking and detail-oriented task. Dissertation proofreading services hire trained experts to undertake this step, saving you time and effort.

What Is Dissertation Referencing?

Dissertation referencing is the process of adding references to your dissertation. While researching, you’re bound to use information from a variety of sources, all of which you must credit in your thesis. Whether you follow the MLA style or APA format, you must add and correctly format your in-text citations and reference list entries.

Professional dissertation editors and proofreaders don’t usually undertake this step for you. They may fix one or two incorrect or missing citations, but they don’t write your reference list for you. If any APA dissertation editing services undertake this task, they may charge an additional price.

What Is Dissertation Formatting?

Dissertation formatting is the process of formatting your pages and text according to the style guidelines prescribed by your university. This is usually the MLA format for humanities students, APA format for STEM students, and Chicago style for students of business and history. Incorrect formatting in your dissertation may result in a lower score.

Like referencing, an editor does not undertake dissertation formatting for you unless as a separate task. Some companies do offer dissertation referencing and formatting services in addition to editing and proofreading.

Choosing an Editing Service: What to Look For

Now that you know what dissertation editing is, why it’s important, and how it works, it’s time to find out how to choose an editing service. There are several dissertation review services out there, old and new. Older firms have experience but are often more expensive, while newer companies are more affordable but aren’t well-known. So what signs should you look for?

1. Reviews and Recommendations

Personal recommendations from your peers or seniors are the best method when choosing an editing service. If a company has worked for them, it probably understands the requirements of your subject or university. Some universities also have tie-ups with doctoral dissertation editing services, so you should check if yours has one.

The next step is to check the company’s online reviews. Even a quick look at the reviews will give you a good idea of a company’s strengths and weaknesses. You can then make a more informed choice based on these testimonials.

Shortlist a few editing services from this initial check and refine that list as you find out more about them.

2. A Helpful but Realistic Support Team

All good editing firms have a support team that communicates your requirements to the editing team. The support staff also helps you place your order and guides you through the editing process. Ideally, the person communicating with you should be friendly, confident, and knowledgeable, but not pushy.

If you’re being rushed into placing an order or being offered dubious discounts, you should proceed with caution. So, make sure that the support team knows what they’re doing and can be relied upon. You should also remember to be very clear about your requirements and priorities in your document. This will help them target those issues in your dissertation and you won’t have to ask for any revisions.

3. Transparency and Confidentiality

Dissertation editing services must be transparent about their editing process and measures to ensure document confidentiality. At the end of your first call with the company, you should have clarity about the people who will work on your document and the process they’ll follow. If you can’t be sure of this, ask the support team for clarification. If you don’t get a satisfying answer, it’s probably best to avoid working with that particular service.

Another important aspect of dissertation editing is confidentiality. Almost all editing services have their editors sign NDAs at the time of joining, so you shouldn’t worry about that. One thing to look for, however, is the security measures the company undertakes to protect your document from outside threats. This includes 192-bit or 256-bit encryption methods, which are popularly used by dissertation editing companies.

4. Free Work Sample

Always ask for a sample edit. Editing companies don’t usually offer a sample edit unless you approach them with a major document. Since a dissertation qualifies as such, any firm worth its name should be good to offer you a one-page or 300-word free edit.

This sample edit will tell you a lot about a company’s work ethic, quality of edits, and professionalism. If you’ve shortlisted a few companies, the sample edit is probably the most reliable metric to base your final decision on. However, company policies keep changing and some established firms may have stopped offering sample edits. In this case, you’ll have to decide based on the three factors listed above.

5. A Good Offer

The final consideration is one for your pocket. Getting dissertation editing help can get expensive, and most companies understand the financial constraints on students. So, you’re likely to find big discounts during the dissertation season. If waiting that long isn’t an option for you, don’t hesitate to ask the support staff!

Once you have a quote from a few companies, compare their pros and cons and you’ll be able to choose the best dissertation editing service for you.

Be sure to enquire about the company’s revision policy. If you’re unhappy with the edit, you should be able to receive a partial or full refund. Most editing services offer one or two free revisions, so make sure to use those and get the best version of your document!

Now that we know how to choose a dissertation editing service, what are some well-known firms that fit the bill? Let’s take a look.

The Top Dissertation Editing Services of 2024

Of the many premium dissertation editing services out there, some stand out as the best of the best. In this list, we’ve considered quality of services, pricing, turnaround time, and editorial team. So, here are the best dissertation editing services of 2024:

An established name in academic editing, Scribbr is particularly popular among college students due to its online tools and resources. Their expertise and experience don’t come cheap, but you can rest assured that your dissertation will be well-edited. The best thing is that you can ask them to focus on certain aspects of your document.

If you know that your writing isn’t clear or that your structure needs to be refined, you can opt for the relevant checks. These come with a hike in price but may be helpful for those who have received targeted feedback from professors before. After all, structure, cohesion, and clarity are important factors that affect your overall grade.

Scribbr can return your edited dissertation in 12 hours to 7 days. At around $835 for a 15,000-word dissertation, however, dissertation editing with Scribbr will cost you a pretty penny.

2. Cambridge Proofreading

Cambridge Proofreading has been offering dissertation editing services for over 11 years. They employ more than 300 academic editors, all of whom are native speakers from the US and UK. Their system deletes all documents after 15 days of closing an order, which helps keep your dissertation confidential.

Cambridge Proofreading has expertise in editing dissertations from diverse fields, from astrophysics to philosophy. Recently they’ve also launched a service where they humanize AI-generated text. This is an additional boost for many students, helping them get more work done in less time.

Their dissertation editing process is fairly straightforward, but they stand out in terms of pricing. They charge dissertation editing rates of $28.90 per 1,000 words for a 24-hour delivery and $25.90 per 1,000 words for a 48-hour delivery. In terms of both the cost and turnaround time, this is excellent!

3. Scribendi

Scribendi was established in 1997, making it one of the oldest top dissertation editing companies. They have a separate approach to ESL writers, paying more attention to those documents. With 287 editors working at the firm, they should be able to pair you with an expert from your field.

Sribendi has ISO certification and prioritizes customer satisfaction. They can deliver your document in as little time as four hours! This isn’t feasible for longer documents like dissertations, however. For example, they can deliver a 15,000-word dissertation in 48 hours to 7 days. Their price range for this is $558–$615, putting them on the slightly expensive side of things.

You can use their dissertation editing service to refine not only complete theses but also dissertation and thesis proposals.

4. TrueEditors

Although a relatively newer company, TrueEditors is a robust and affordable dissertation editing service. They have more than 155 academic experts onboard from a diverse range of academic disciplines. The best thing is that their edit also includes dissertation referencing, dissertation formatting, and a plagiarism check!

TrueEditors offers five prices depending on the time duration. They can deliver your edited dissertation in 48 hours, but the price will be higher. If you opt for a delivery time of ten days, however, the price will be much lower.

Aside from editing and proofreading a dissertation, TrueEditors also offers:

  • Paraphrasing & Rewriting
  • Content Writing
  • Translation

These additional services are especially useful to ESL students, who may struggle to express their ideas as eloquently in English.

Enago employs highly qualified editors and proofreaders to work on your dissertation. They offer dissertation editing services in two packages: Thesis Essentials and Thesis Pro. The Thesis Essentials package is limited to grammar, punctuation, academic style,  and expert commentary. You can get thesis formatting, reference formatting, plagiarism check, and one revision with this package as add-ons.

The Thesis Pro package includes everything in Essentials but adds a clarity check, structure check, and advanced commentary. Reference formatting and one revision round are free with this package. If you’re not sure about editing with Enago, you can get their sample edit of 200 words. They only offer this if your dissertation is over 10,000 words.

This overview of the best dissertation editing services must have given you an idea about the process and pricing. But let’s take a closer look at the average dissertation proofreading cost.

How Much Does it Cost to Edit a Dissertation?

It can cost between $400–$850 to edit a dissertation of 15,000 words. However, the cost of dissertation editing varies based on document length, complexity, and your requirements. Undergraduate and master’s dissertations, for instance, will be about 8,000–15,000 words long. PhD dissertations, on the other hand, can reach about 80,000–100,000 words in length, which hikes up the price dramatically.

Similarly, a specialized structure and quality check is likely to add a few hundred dollars to the editing cost. If you want the editing service to handle referencing and formatting on top of that, the cost will increase. The cost of dissertation editing is directly proportional to the amount of work the editor undertakes.

It’s always best to edit and proofread your dissertation a few times yourself and get an initial review from your instructor. You can then look for PhD dissertation editing services based on their feedback. If you know exactly what you need an editor to do, you’ll have to pay only for the essentials.

How Can I Get a Dissertation Editing Quote?

You can get a dissertation editing quote by visiting a company’s website. Most online dissertation editing services have their pricing readily available on their web pages. You can simply type the word count of your dissertation and get a tentative figure. Some companies ask you to upload your dissertation before offering a quote.

If you’d like to know more about a company and their style of work, you can reach out to their support team. These days, most companies have chatbots on their website and you can use them to get in touch with the team. This is a better way to get a quote since you can tell them your requirements and obtain a much better offer.

Can I Get a Discount on Dissertation Editing Services?

Yes, you can definitely get a discount on dissertation editing services. Almost every editing company will offer you a 5% to 10% discount on your first order. Some also have student discounts of up to 15%. Plus, most companies have offers going on throughout the year, such as Black Friday, Holiday Season, and Easter discounts.

If you’ve been working on your dissertation in advance, you’re likely to have a document ready when one of the big offers comes around. If you’re in a time crunch, though, you’ll probably have to make do with a 10% discount.

How Long Does it Take to Proofread a Dissertation?

It may take anywhere from 12 hours to 7 days to proofread a dissertation. If you pay for a premium dissertation editing service, they may even deliver the proofread document in a few hours! But less turnaround time usually means more expensive services. So, the time it takes to proofread a dissertation largely depends on your editing budget!

Do Dissertation Editing Services Offer Error-Free Dissertations?

Yes, dissertation editing services offer error-free dissertations—that’s their purpose! This doesn’t mean that no error can bypass an editor; such a claim would be impossible to live up to. However, dissertation editing and proofreading services undertake several reviews to find and remove as many errors as they can. This, in turn, almost always leaves your document completely error-free!

Is it Safe to Send a Dissertation for Editing Services?

Yes, it’s completely safe to send a dissertation to editing services! It is not only academically ethical but expected that you get your dissertation professionally edited. Editing companies undertake several measures to protect your document, from encryption methods to NDAs. Rest assured, your dissertation is safe in your editors’ hands!

What Types of Documents Can You Use Dissertation Editing Services For?

You can use dissertation editing services for complete theses and dissertations as well as partial drafts. Some services also consider thesis and dissertation proposals under dissertation editing services.

Who Will Be Editing My Dissertation?

An editor with expertise in your subject who matches your editing requirements will edit your dissertation. Since dissertation editing services are legally obligated to protect the identities of their editors, you can’t interact with them firsthand. You can, however, request the support staff to pair you up with a specific type of editor.

-Isabell S.

logo-of-trueeditors-com

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Editing and Proofreading Services Fast, Affordable, Professional

Since 1997 , our hand-picked, elite editorial team has been trusted with hundreds of thousands of documents from around the world. Let us help you next.

Try before you buy.

Get an instant quote. Services are available 24/7.

Editing and Proofreading Services for ESL Writers Academics Students Authors Businesses Corporations You

Ordering is easy. Start by telling us who you are.

English as a second language.

English is not my first language. I need English editing and proofreading so that I sound like a native speaker.

I need to have my journal article, dissertation, or term paper edited and proofread, or I need help with an admissions essay or proposal.

I have a novel, manuscript, play, or ebook. I need editing, copy editing, proofreading, a critique of my work, or a query package.

Business or Corporate

I need editing and proofreading for my white papers, reports, manuals, press releases, marketing materials, and other business documents.

I need to have my essay, project, assignment, or term paper edited and proofread.

I want to sound professional and to get hired. I have a resume, letter, email, or personal document that I need to have edited and proofread.

Not sure what to choose? Let our AI technology recommend a service for you.

World-class editing and proofreading at your fingertips, professional editors.

Our real, human editors are experts in various fields. Our hand-picked team underwent a rigorous selection process and is supported by the latest technologies.

Privacy Protected

We use bank-grade security standards to protect your work. Your document's security is important. We understand this, and we keep it safe.

Lightning-Fast Turnarounds

Our streamlined process allows for the return of your edited and proofread document in as little as 4 hours. Select the turnaround that fits your deadline.

Quality Assured (ISO Certified)

We strive for customer satisfaction. Our Quality Assurance process for our editing and proofreading services is rigorous, and all of our processes are independently verified according to global standards.

all around the world

trusted with us since 1997

working on documents

Ready to make Scribendi work for you?

Upload your file(s) so we can calculate your word count, or enter your word count manually.

We will also recommend a service based on the file(s) you upload.

 Prices include your personal % discount.

 Prices include % sales tax ( ).

dissertation proofreading and editing

Professional editing and proofreading services by academic editors

Scribbr’s highly rated editing and proofreading services help you submit your work with confidence knowing it’s free of language errors and flows well from beginning to end.

dissertation proofreading and editing

  • Proofreading & Editing

Specialised in academic texts

Impress your supervisor and graduate with a flawless thesis.

» Thesis editing

  • Dissertations

Stand out from your peers with an error-free dissertation that flows well from beginning to end.

» Dissertation editing

Essays & papers

Boost your marks with a well-structured, clear, and error-free essay.

» Essay editing

AI Proofreader

AI-powered proofreader specialised in correcting academic texts. Fix your documents on 100+ language issues within just a few minutes.

» Proofread my document

Secure funding or approval from supervisors with a well-written proposal.

Manuscripts & articles

Improve your chances of publication with a polished manuscript.

Literature reviews

Set the foundation for a great piece of academic writing with a well-written literature review.

Professional editing in just 12 hours

Native editors

Meet Scribbr’s carefully chosen academic editors

Scribbr’s editors go through a rigorous selection and training process called the Scribbr Academy . Only 5% of applicants are good enough to become qualified editors.

You can rest assured that only the best academic editors will edit your work.

  • Native speakers
  • University graduates
  • Academic writing experts
  • Knowledgeable in various fields of study

Proofreading and editing beyond the basics

Every Scribbr order includes both proofreading and editing. Your editor will make direct changes using Word’s Track Changes feature and provide feedback in comments to help you become a better academic writer. See an editing example .

Your editor will directly correct errors related to:

  • Spelling (e.g., typos and hyphenation)
  • Punctuation
  • Grammar and syntax (e.g., sentence structure and prepositions)

Academic style

They’ll make sure your work meets academic writing standards.

  • Style and tone (e.g., avoiding subjective language and overuse of passive voice)
  • Academic writing conventions (e.g., abbreviations and equations)
  • Consistency (e.g., dialect and style choices)

Feedback & suggestions

They’ll leave thoughtful comments and queries to:

  • Indicate unclear text
  • Suggest improvements
  • Offer general advice

Popular add-on editing services

Your editor will make sure that your document is well organised and contains all the essential elements.

You’ll receive in-text feedback about:

  • Whether or not each individual chapter supports your document’s main goal
  • The organisation and focus of individual chapters and sections
  • Repetitive and redundant information
  • The content and weight of titles and headings
  • The numeration of figures and tables
  • Paragraph structure

You’ll also receive a personalised Structure Check Report meant to help you identify missing elements in each chapter or section and prioritise improvements.

The Structure Check starts at £0.0055 per word and can only be purchased in combination with Proofreading & Editing.

Your editor will help you tell a clear and logical story with feedback on your presentation of concepts and the logic behind your argumentation.

Through in-text comments and the Clarity Check checklists , your editor will:

  • Make sure your text tells a clear and logical story
  • Check that you’ve clearly presented concepts and ideas
  • Comment on the logic behind your argumentation
  • Highlight contradictions within the text

The Clarity Check starts at £0.0055 per word and can only be purchased in combination with Proofreading & Editing.

Our formatting experts can format your document according to APA guidelines or customise the format of your document.

APA Style formatting

Your APA formatting expert will make sure all elements in your paper are formatted according to the 7th edition APA Style guidelines.

  • Make margins, line spacing, font, and indentation consistent
  • Set your running head and page numbers
  • Check your headings for consistency
  • Format your title page
  • Format your abstract and keywords
  • Format your footnotes
  • Make sure your tables are formatted consistently

Note that we cannot make changes to the content of your paper.

APA formatting costs £1.00 per page and can only be purchased in combination with Proofreading & Editing.

Customised formatting

Your formatting expert can:

  • Generate an automatic table of contents
  • Generate lists of tables and figures
  • Ensure consistent paragraph formatting
  • Insert page numbering

Customised formatting starts at £1.95 per page per item and can only be purchased in combination with Proofreading & Editing.

A dedicated citation expert will ensure your in-text citations and reference list meet your style guide’s requirements. This service includes:

  • Applying the correct page formatting (e.g., margins and indentation)
  • Ensuring that your in-text citations and references meet your style guide’s requirements
  • Providing feedback on incomplete in-text citations and reference entries
  • Cross-checking your in-text citations against your reference list to highlight inconsistencies and missing sources

Our experts are familiar with all common citation styles , including Vancouver and APA .

Citation editing costs £2.20 per source and can be purchased separately or in combination with Proofreading & Editing.

Structure Check

Clarity check, citation editing, customers rate our proofreading service excellent, just a great and efficient way to….

Just a great and efficient way to generate citations. Been using it for years. Like the fact that citations are kept for some period of time as well.

your reviewing is essential to learn about my work

I am satisfied of your reviewing and suggestion.

It is so helpful

Scribbr is Great!

Scribbr is great for taking away the stress of referencing. It's quick and easy and is able to create my reference list in seconds, compared to when I was doing it manually - it'd take hours!

Quick and Easy

Saves so much time.

On a very rare occasion, it states that the source can't be cited, but it's usually due to a paywall. But absolutely a great resource.

This is the best website for citations…

This is the best website for citations and writing my college essays or assignments daily. Grammarly can't use certain citation styles like scribbr does. I would have been lost in my senior semester at VSU if I hadn't searched and found the services offered by Scribbr.

You guys really help with all of my…

You guys really help with all of my essay citations! I've learned so much. Thank you for your services!

Practical Tooll

It is a practical tool; I use it often. I have also recommended to my students unfamiliar with the APA format.

Effortless and essential

Effortless and essential, Scribbr is the pinnacle of academic support. Its intuitive tools and vast resources earn it a resounding 5 stars from me!

great to use

I think that Scribbr has enhanced my…

I think that Scribbr has enhanced my writing skills - I am a graduate student and I write a lot of papers Keep up the good work!

Great tool. Use primarily to generate citations and reference lists. Occasionally a site might block the search tool from finding an article, but in general the search tool works great.

fast and accurate!

Scribbr citation generator has been a…Lifesaver

Scribbr citation generator has been a lifesaver! I can save sources for multiple projects, and they stay organized and easy to acces.

Helps me with my work

it's a great and useful website for…

it's a great and useful website for referencing, but sometimes the references that were produced by the website needed to be fixed and redone

Easy and quick

Easy and quick! can install as a browser save and can cite sources without leaving you page

This is indispensable for a student

This is indispensable for a student. Was very helpful for me.

Zeitsparend und präzise

Dieser Zitiergenerator spart unheimlich viel Zeit und löst viele Fragen. Nicht immer ist 100% korrekt wie es einen Link in eine Quelle verwandelt, da muss man schon mal ein Auge drauf haben, aber dank des Aufbaus lässt sich das schnell korrigieren und direkt in Word o.Ä. übernehmen!

Professional proofreading in 3 simple steps

dissertation proofreading and editing

Place your order

Choose a turnaround time of 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, or 7 days and select the add-on services you need.

editors

Get matched with your editor

We handpick the best editor (or team of editors) for the job, based on your field of study and other requirements.

dissertation proofreading and editing

Revise and submit

Use the feedback from your editor to guide your final revisions and submit your work with confidence.

Your editor is ready. Are you?

Our editors can edit and proofread your work within 12 hours so you can meet your deadline without unnecessary stress.

Why choose Scribbr?

dissertation proofreading and editing

100% happiness guarantee

We aim for 100% happiness . If you’re not satisfied with your edit, we will re-edit your work or give you a refund – that’s a promise!

dissertation proofreading and editing

Authority in academic writing

With over 250 free articles on academic writing and 5 million monthly visitors, the Scribbr Knowledge Base is the starting point for many students writing their papers.

dissertation proofreading and editing

2,000-word sample edit

If your document is longer than 20,000 words, we’ll first provide you with a 2,000-word sample edit to ensure the service meets your expectations.

dissertation proofreading and editing

Excellent reviews

We have an impressive track record, with 3,772 independent Trustpilot reviews and an average score of 4.7 . We aim to make you just as satisfied.

Ask our team

Want to contact us directly? No problem. We are always here for you.

Support team - Nina

Frequently asked questions

Scribbr is specialised in editing study related documents. We check:

  • Graduation projects
  • Admissions essays
  • College essays
  • Application essays
  • Personal statements
  • Process reports
  • Reflections
  • Internship reports
  • Academic papers
  • Research proposals
  • Prospectuses

Calculate the costs

The fastest turnaround time is 24 hours.

You can upload your document at any time and choose between three deadlines:

At Scribbr, we promise to make every customer 100% happy with the service we offer. Our philosophy: Your complaint is always justified – no denial, no doubts.

Our customer support team is here to find the solution that helps you the most, whether that’s a free new edit or a refund for the service.

Yes, if your document is longer than 20,000 words, you will get a sample of approximately 2,000 words. This sample edit gives you a first impression of the editor’s editing style and a chance to ask questions and give feedback.

How does the sample edit work?

You will receive the sample edit within 24 hours after placing your order. You then have 24 hours to let us know if you’re happy with the sample or if there’s something you would like the editor to do differently.

Read more about how the sample edit works

Yes, in the order process you can indicate your preference for American, British, or Australian English .

If you don’t choose one, your editor will follow the style of English you currently use. If your editor has any questions about this, we will contact you.

Yes, our editors also work during the weekends and holidays.

Because we have many editors available, we can check your document 24 hours per day and 7 days per week, all year round.

If you choose a 72 hour deadline and upload your document on a Thursday evening, you’ll have your thesis back by Sunday evening!

Our APA experts default to APA 7 for editing and formatting. For the Citation Editing Service you are able to choose between APA 6 and 7.

Every Scribbr order comes with our award-winning Proofreading & Editing service , which combines two important stages of the revision process.

For a more comprehensive edit, you can add a Structure Check or Clarity Check to your order. With these building blocks, you can customize the kind of feedback you receive.

You might be familiar with a different set of editing terms. To help you understand what you can expect at Scribbr, we created this table:

View an example

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Editing and Proofreading

What this handout is about.

This handout provides some tips and strategies for revising your writing. To give you a chance to practice proofreading, we have left seven errors (three spelling errors, two punctuation errors, and two grammatical errors) in the text of this handout. See if you can spot them!

Is editing the same thing as proofreading?

Not exactly. Although many people use the terms interchangeably, editing and proofreading are two different stages of the revision process. Both demand close and careful reading, but they focus on different aspects of the writing and employ different techniques.

Some tips that apply to both editing and proofreading

  • Get some distance from the text! It’s hard to edit or proofread a paper that you’ve just finished writing—it’s still to familiar, and you tend to skip over a lot of errors. Put the paper aside for a few hours, days, or weeks. Go for a run. Take a trip to the beach. Clear your head of what you’ve written so you can take a fresh look at the paper and see what is really on the page. Better yet, give the paper to a friend—you can’t get much more distance than that. Someone who is reading the paper for the first time, comes to it with completely fresh eyes.
  • Decide which medium lets you proofread most carefully. Some people like to work right at the computer, while others like to sit back with a printed copy that they can mark up as they read.
  • Try changing the look of your document. Altering the size, spacing, color, or style of the text may trick your brain into thinking it’s seeing an unfamiliar document, and that can help you get a different perspective on what you’ve written.
  • Find a quiet place to work. Don’t try to do your proofreading in front of the TV or while you’re chugging away on the treadmill. Find a place where you can concentrate and avoid distractions.
  • If possible, do your editing and proofreading in several short blocks of time. Your concentration may start to wane if you try to proofread the entire text at one time.
  • If you’re short on time, you may wish to prioritize. Make sure that you complete the most important editing and proofreading tasks.

Editing is what you begin doing as soon as you finish your first draft. You reread your draft to see, for example, whether the paper is well-organized, the transitions between paragraphs are smooth, and your evidence really backs up your argument. You can edit on several levels:

Have you done everything the assignment requires? Are the claims you make accurate? If it is required to do so, does your paper make an argument? Is the argument complete? Are all of your claims consistent? Have you supported each point with adequate evidence? Is all of the information in your paper relevant to the assignment and/or your overall writing goal? (For additional tips, see our handouts on understanding assignments and developing an argument .)

Overall structure

Does your paper have an appropriate introduction and conclusion? Is your thesis clearly stated in your introduction? Is it clear how each paragraph in the body of your paper is related to your thesis? Are the paragraphs arranged in a logical sequence? Have you made clear transitions between paragraphs? One way to check the structure of your paper is to make a reverse outline of the paper after you have written the first draft. (See our handouts on introductions , conclusions , thesis statements , and transitions .)

Structure within paragraphs

Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence? Does each paragraph stick to one main idea? Are there any extraneous or missing sentences in any of your paragraphs? (See our handout on paragraph development .)

Have you defined any important terms that might be unclear to your reader? Is the meaning of each sentence clear? (One way to answer this question is to read your paper one sentence at a time, starting at the end and working backwards so that you will not unconsciously fill in content from previous sentences.) Is it clear what each pronoun (he, she, it, they, which, who, this, etc.) refers to? Have you chosen the proper words to express your ideas? Avoid using words you find in the thesaurus that aren’t part of your normal vocabulary; you may misuse them.

Have you used an appropriate tone (formal, informal, persuasive, etc.)? Is your use of gendered language (masculine and feminine pronouns like “he” or “she,” words like “fireman” that contain “man,” and words that some people incorrectly assume apply to only one gender—for example, some people assume “nurse” must refer to a woman) appropriate? Have you varied the length and structure of your sentences? Do you tends to use the passive voice too often? Does your writing contain a lot of unnecessary phrases like “there is,” “there are,” “due to the fact that,” etc.? Do you repeat a strong word (for example, a vivid main verb) unnecessarily? (For tips, see our handouts on style and gender-inclusive language .)

Have you appropriately cited quotes, paraphrases, and ideas you got from sources? Are your citations in the correct format? (See the UNC Libraries citation tutorial for more information.)

As you edit at all of these levels, you will usually make significant revisions to the content and wording of your paper. Keep an eye out for patterns of error; knowing what kinds of problems you tend to have will be helpful, especially if you are editing a large document like a thesis or dissertation. Once you have identified a pattern, you can develop techniques for spotting and correcting future instances of that pattern. For example, if you notice that you often discuss several distinct topics in each paragraph, you can go through your paper and underline the key words in each paragraph, then break the paragraphs up so that each one focuses on just one main idea.

Proofreading

Proofreading is the final stage of the editing process, focusing on surface errors such as misspellings and mistakes in grammar and punctuation. You should proofread only after you have finished all of your other editing revisions.

Why proofread? It’s the content that really matters, right?

Content is important. But like it or not, the way a paper looks affects the way others judge it. When you’ve worked hard to develop and present your ideas, you don’t want careless errors distracting your reader from what you have to say. It’s worth paying attention to the details that help you to make a good impression.

Most people devote only a few minutes to proofreading, hoping to catch any glaring errors that jump out from the page. But a quick and cursory reading, especially after you’ve been working long and hard on a paper, usually misses a lot. It’s better to work with a definite plan that helps you to search systematically for specific kinds of errors.

Sure, this takes a little extra time, but it pays off in the end. If you know that you have an effective way to catch errors when the paper is almost finished, you can worry less about editing while you are writing your first drafts. This makes the entire writing proccess more efficient.

Try to keep the editing and proofreading processes separate. When you are editing an early draft, you don’t want to be bothered with thinking about punctuation, grammar, and spelling. If your worrying about the spelling of a word or the placement of a comma, you’re not focusing on the more important task of developing and connecting ideas.

The proofreading process

You probably already use some of the strategies discussed below. Experiment with different tactics until you find a system that works well for you. The important thing is to make the process systematic and focused so that you catch as many errors as possible in the least amount of time.

  • Don’t rely entirely on spelling checkers. These can be useful tools but they are far from foolproof. Spell checkers have a limited dictionary, so some words that show up as misspelled may really just not be in their memory. In addition, spell checkers will not catch misspellings that form another valid word. For example, if you type “your” instead of “you’re,” “to” instead of “too,” or “there” instead of “their,” the spell checker won’t catch the error.
  • Grammar checkers can be even more problematic. These programs work with a limited number of rules, so they can’t identify every error and often make mistakes. They also fail to give thorough explanations to help you understand why a sentence should be revised. You may want to use a grammar checker to help you identify potential run-on sentences or too-frequent use of the passive voice, but you need to be able to evaluate the feedback it provides.
  • Proofread for only one kind of error at a time. If you try to identify and revise too many things at once, you risk losing focus, and your proofreading will be less effective. It’s easier to catch grammar errors if you aren’t checking punctuation and spelling at the same time. In addition, some of the techniques that work well for spotting one kind of mistake won’t catch others.
  • Read slow, and read every word. Try reading out loud , which forces you to say each word and also lets you hear how the words sound together. When you read silently or too quickly, you may skip over errors or make unconscious corrections.
  • Separate the text into individual sentences. This is another technique to help you to read every sentence carefully. Simply press the return key after every period so that every line begins a new sentence. Then read each sentence separately, looking for grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors. If you’re working with a printed copy, try using an opaque object like a ruler or a piece of paper to isolate the line you’re working on.
  • Circle every punctuation mark. This forces you to look at each one. As you circle, ask yourself if the punctuation is correct.
  • Read the paper backwards. This technique is helpful for checking spelling. Start with the last word on the last page and work your way back to the beginning, reading each word separately. Because content, punctuation, and grammar won’t make any sense, your focus will be entirely on the spelling of each word. You can also read backwards sentence by sentence to check grammar; this will help you avoid becoming distracted by content issues.
  • Proofreading is a learning process. You’re not just looking for errors that you recognize; you’re also learning to recognize and correct new errors. This is where handbooks and dictionaries come in. Keep the ones you find helpful close at hand as you proofread.
  • Ignorance may be bliss, but it won’t make you a better proofreader. You’ll often find things that don’t seem quite right to you, but you may not be quite sure what’s wrong either. A word looks like it might be misspelled, but the spell checker didn’t catch it. You think you need a comma between two words, but you’re not sure why. Should you use “that” instead of “which”? If you’re not sure about something, look it up.
  • The proofreading process becomes more efficient as you develop and practice a systematic strategy. You’ll learn to identify the specific areas of your own writing that need careful attention, and knowing that you have a sound method for finding errors will help you to focus more on developing your ideas while you are drafting the paper.

Think you’ve got it?

Then give it a try, if you haven’t already! This handout contains seven errors our proofreader should have caught: three spelling errors, two punctuation errors, and two grammatical errors. Try to find them, and then check a version of this page with the errors marked in red to see if you’re a proofreading star.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Especially for non-native speakers of English:

Ascher, Allen. 2006. Think About Editing: An ESL Guide for the Harbrace Handbooks . Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Lane, Janet, and Ellen Lange. 2012. Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing , 3rd ed. Boston: Heinle.

For everyone:

Einsohn, Amy. 2011. The Copyeditor’s Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications , 3rd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lanham, Richard A. 2006. Revising Prose , 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman.

Tarshis, Barry. 1998. How to Be Your Own Best Editor: The Toolkit for Everyone Who Writes . New York: Three Rivers Press.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

dissertation proofreading and editing

Dissertation Proofreading Services and Editing by Experts Graduate Successfully with the Dissertation Proofreading and Editing Services from PRS

Graduate and postgraduate studies require formal writing in every discipline. Regardless of their field, researchers and scholars need to be able to share their discoveries, in language that is accessible and relevant in the global marketplace of ideas. Excellent writing at the professional level entails a set of skills that are both fundamental and highly advanced, doing justice to the expertise of the research while transmitting information and ideas clearly to the chosen audience. For the graduating candidate particularly, excellent writing is required to produce a solid dissertation. Learn more about how to submit your dissertatio n for our dissertation proofreading services.

Why Are Editing and Proofreading Services Necessary for a Dissertation? When you are about to present your dissertation to a group of the senior faculty who taught you much of what went into it, this is not the time to make glaring mistakes. Nor is it the time to make tiny mistakes. Even the most innocuous sentence errors – gratuitous surface errors within individual sentences – can interfere with your ability to convey your ideas and your information. This is a good time for dissertation proofreading service. Any solid piece of writing requires that you edit, revise, and proofread. Genuinely expert proofreading by qualified dissertation proofreaders can help at every level. In dissertation proofreading, a good line-by-line reading will detect mistakes and infelicities in all the potential problem areas – mechanics, punctuation, grammar, diction, usage, and syntax. It is always best to have a second pair of eyes and never more so than when you are making the final rounds of polishing and editing your dissertation.

PhD Dissertation Proofreading Services The attainment of a PhD requires an intense and focused discipline in a specialized academic area that engages original research with the intent of publishing a document that displays a mastery of a chosen field. Doctoral candidates must have the dedication and endurance to finish the final revision and proofreading process to fulfill the requirements of a doctorate of philosophy degree. Proof-Reading-Service.com services can provide the perfectly proofread dissertation by matching a particular area of research with a proofreader that has experience and a proven record in a doctoral candidates chosen field. Our PhD dissertation proofreading services also provide the necessary corrections of spelling and grammar while following all requested formatting guidelines

Master’s Dissertation Proofreading Services Candidates for a master’s degree must continually look beyond regular discourse and standard reading. The documentation of results requires strict attention to detail while attaining the goal of mature academic writing that can propel a master’s degree candidate to graduation and eventual publication. Reaching this level requires experience in perfecting summaries while understanding the terminology in a chosen field. Proof-Reading-Service.com works with the greatest assurance that our clients are always satisfied. Our master’s dissertation proofreading services provide all the necessary corrections of spelling and grammar while formatting documents in accordance with our authors’ requests.

Bachelor’s Dissertation Proofreading Services The research and composition of writing for a superb dissertation are based on many variables that must be addressed and continually adjusted to achieve acceptance as a final peer-reviewed publication. To escape the monotonous corrections that a bachelor’s dissertation requires, proofreading services can be employed to transform simple writing into a more advanced and commendable scientific composition. The degree of dedication that we provide results in determined professionalism, which makes our company the best. Our bachelor’s dissertation proofreading services provides formal scholarly writing with academic superiority while perfecting spelling, grammar and composition and adhering to all the required guidelines.

What Are the Services Provided in Expert Dissertation Proofreading? Every good book needs a good editor. This maxim holds true for dissertations. Dissertation proofreading can help in aspects of writing from the writing style to the apparatus of documentation to the inclusion of support material. An overview of valuable dissertation proofreading services includes the following:

  • Format and layout of the body of the dissertation
  • Editing all text for correctness on the sentence-to-sentence level – for example, punctuation, mechanics, grammar, diction, usage, and syntax
  • Revising for clarity and intelligibility – dealing with any other-language barriers
  • Proofreading for prose style – choosing appropriate diction for the maximal combination of readability and professionalism
  • Revising paragraphs – making improvements to obtain the best sentence order, arranging sentences within paragraphs around clearly stated topics
  • Editing as needed for organizing the material – checking for the optimal order of subtopics and the best arrangement for logic and understandability
  • Proofreading the dissertation abstract
  • Editing the apparatus of documentation for academic integrity, including the endnotes and bibliography
  • Proofreading text necessary for graphics and/or illustrations – captions, copyright and permissions, order, and arrangement
  • Editing other apparatus of document production – all the text for the table of contents, chapter and topic headings, any appendices, and indexing

Submission Guidelines What Else is Accomplished in Dissertation Proofreading? For postgraduate education, ‘writing’ means 1) command of language, producing writing that is accessible to or translatable for international scholars working in the same field; 2) the body of your written work, the text/s that you have produced; 3) the acts of writing and editing, including the dissertation presenting your research, and writing in other forms and genres; and 4) publishing, as in scholarly publishing. Dissertation proofreading helps with all the above, including the last aspirational step of producing a dissertation that you might in time wish to submit to a university press. The outcome of using dissertation proofreading services should be a solid piece of writing that showcases your ability not only to conduct advanced research but also to share your work for a variety of purposes and with a variety of audiences.

Your dissertation presents not only your research but also your critical thinking, reading, and composing. In dissertation proofreading , the emphasis on integrating academic research and documentation does not overshadow the importance of your own discoveries and your own deductions. Dissertation proofreading services include helping you to clarify and to focus on strategies for revising and for sharing your work in writing. Moving forward, the resulting dissertation should highlight not only your work itself but also the abilities that went into it – approaching the dissertation as a project, persevering in developing the project thoroughly, and revising and editing for improvement at every stage.

We guarantee 100% satisfaction.

All our academic proofreaders and editors are highly qualified native English speakers. The price is worked out at a flat rate per 1,000 words, so you know exactly how much the editing of your dissertation or thesis will cost in advance.  

dissertation proofreading and editing

‘Seit einigen Jahren lasse ich meine Aufsätze und Buchmanuskripte von PRS korrigieren. Dieser Service arbeitet im Verhältnis zu den anderen Anbietern schnell und ist dabei sehr gründlich und zuverlässig. Wer wie ich in englischsprachigen Zeitschriften publiziert und kein „native speaker“ ist, dem möchte ich PRS ans Herz legen.’

‘Excellent: the review was certainly done by an expert in the field of mathematical analysis and the comments were very useful. I am sure that without their service it would have been difficult to publish my research with Springer. I will certainly use their service again and recommend them to my colleagues.’

‘Meget effektiv, grundig og solid god gjennomgang av mitt paper. Språkvasken ble utført på 48 timer!’

‘Le service rendu (relecture d’article en anglais) est d’excellent qualité, très rapide et à un prix raisonable.’

‘O serviço é rápido e muito eficiente. Cumprem sempre os prazos acordados. A forma de pagamento é igualmente rápida e não considero caro. As dúvidas são esclarecidas de forma muito clara. Já recomendei a vários colegas e continuo a recomendar vivamente!’

‘En todo momento la información fue clara y concreta. Todo funcionó sin ningún problema y me enviaron el artículo revisado en el tiempo acordado’

‘Spedizione veloce e qualità conforme alle aspettative’

‘Excellent. They kept their promise to produce the result on time and the quality of the paper is as they advertised.’

‘Szybko, sprawnie, odpowiadali na kazde pytanie w przeciagu dwoch godzin.’

‘Since I have been using PRS I have been able to publish more research papers. The corrections and comments were made by an expert in the field of pharmacy. Excellent service.’

‘Very good: high-quality feedback and direct corrections to the LaTeX sources plus a diff file – unbeatable!’

topbanner errow

dissertation proofreading and editing

Top 10 Dissertation Editing Services Reviewed

G iven the importance of presenting research with precision and adherence to academic standards, dissertation editing services play an essential role in the preparation process. These services are not only pivotal in rectifying grammatical errors and formatting inconsistencies but also in ensuring that the argumentation and evidence presented adhere to the highest standards of academic discourse.

This guide is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the top 10 dissertation editing services, carefully selected based on their credibility, the breadth of services offered, and their significant contributions to enhancing scholarly work.

Our analysis is particularly focused on services that offer substantial support to academics in refining the clarity, coherence, and academic rigor of their dissertations, ensuring that their scholarly contributions are communicated effectively and are in strict compliance with institutional guidelines and disciplinary expectations.

In assessing the top dissertation editing services, several criteria were paramount in our evaluation process:

  • Quality of Editing: This encompasses a review of sample edited text to enhance academic language, improve sentence structure, and ensure clarity of argumentation. High-quality editing goes beyond simple proofreading to include critical feedback on the coherence and flow of the dissertation, suggesting improvements that can significantly elevate the scholarly work's impact.
  • Ability to Select Editor: Services that allow clients to choose an editor based on their specific academic discipline or editing needs scored highly in our assessment. This personalization ensures that the editor is well-versed in the subject matter, familiar with the specific jargon and methodologies of the field, and capable of providing insights that are both valuable and relevant to the dissertation's subject area.
  • Expertise: We prioritized services offering a wide array of expertise, covering various academic fields from the sciences to the humanities. This guarantees that scholars will be able to find services that comprehend the subtleties of their particular field of study, while also offering a rich background of knowledge and experience in the academic writing conventions unique to their discipline.
  • Pricing: In evaluating the cost of editing services, our focus was squarely on how each service's pricing compares to its competitors, prioritizing affordability. We assessed services based on their overall cost relative to other options in the market, highlighting those that provide the best value.

By focusing on these criteria, this guide aims to assist academics in making informed choices about the editing services they engage with, ultimately contributing to the elevation of their scholarly work.

Our goal is to ensure that the selected dissertation editing services not only meet but exceed the expectations of the academic community, providing a valuable resource that enhances the quality and integrity of scholarly research.

With that said, here is our top 10 list of dissertation editing services:

ServiceScape

https://www.servicescape.com/editing-proofreading/dissertation-editing-proofreading

ServiceScape stands out in the crowded field of academic editing services by offering a unique and highly customizable experience for doctoral candidates seeking to refine their dissertations. With an extensive network of professional editors spanning 25 academic subjects and providing over 15 style formatting options, ServiceScape caters to a large range of research needs and academic goals.

Their platform enables clients to select their own editor, ensuring a perfect match between the dissertation's subject matter and the editor's expertise. This level of personalization is instrumental in achieving a final product that is not only grammatically and stylistically polished but also deeply attuned to the nuances of the academic discipline.

Upon submitting a sample document for editing, we found the quality of editing to be good, reflecting a strong command over academic language and an in-depth understanding of the specific formatting and citation styles required.

The editor's corrections were thoughtful and constructive, focusing not just on surface-level errors but also on enhancing the clarity, flow, and argumentative strength of the writing. Feedback was provided in a manner that was insightful and actionable, making it easy to incorporate the suggested changes.

ServiceScape's pricing model adds to its appeal, offering flexibility to choose editors who can work within a range of budgets without compromising on the quality of the editing service. This affordability, coupled with the ability to choose an editor based on specific needs and the vast range of expertise available, makes ServiceScape an attractive option for doctoral students looking to polish their dissertations to perfection.

Overall Verdict:

  • Quality of Editing: Good - Demonstrates a high level of attention to both language and content, significantly enhancing the manuscript's quality.
  • Ability to Select Editor: Yes - Offers the flexibility to choose from a wide range of editors based on their expertise and client reviews.
  • Expertise : Large Range - Covers a broad spectrum of academic subjects, providing specialized editing for a wide variety of research areas.
  • Pricing: $$ - Offers competitive pricing, allowing clients to select editors within their budget while ensuring high-quality editing services.

Dissertation by Design

https://dissertationbydesign.com/dissertation-editing-services/

Dissertation by Design offers a comprehensive suite of editing services tailored for doctoral candidates across a wide array of disciplines. They promise professional editing, personalized assistance, and a risk-free satisfaction guarantee, positioning themselves as a committed ally in the dissertation process. Their services, including APA editing, developmental editing, and proofreading, aim to elevate academic work to meet the exacting standards of doctoral committees.

Upon evaluation, the service demonstrated a mixed performance. While APA editing ensured adherence to formatting guidelines, it fell short in content enhancement and structural refinement. Developmental editing provided insights, yet occasionally lacked the depth expected in scholarly work.

The absence of an option to choose an editor tailored to the dissertation's subject matter is a noted limitation, despite the competitive pricing and the experienced editorial team's promise of flexible turnaround times. This suggests that while Dissertation by Design capably addresses technical aspects of editing, its ability to deepen the academic value of a dissertation may vary.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate - Competent in technical corrections but may lack depth in substantive feedback.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - The service does not offer the option to select an editor, which could impact the match of expertise to the dissertation's subject.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - While covering a broad spectrum, the depth of expertise in specialized areas might not fully meet the expectations for highly specialized subjects.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Pricing is moderate, suggesting a balance between quality and cost, but specifics would depend on the exact nature of the editing service required.

Capstone Editing

https://www.capstoneediting.com/thesis-editing

Capstone Editing emerges as a supportive resource for doctoral candidates navigating the complex final stages of their dissertation journey. The service promises expert editing skills combined with a deep understanding of the academic stakes, offering a comprehensive suite of services that includes dissertation editing, proofreading, and ensuring adherence to international publication standards. Capstone Editing is dedicated to refining academic work to meet the rigorous demands of scholarly examination, with attention to language, style, referencing, and formatting.

Upon submitting a sample for editing, our engagement with Capstone Editing revealed strengths and weaknesses. The service proficiently managed the technical aspects of editing—such as grammar, punctuation, and formatting—meeting the basic standards expected in academic writing.

However, the editing process felt somewhat superficial, lacking the in-depth critique and substantive feedback necessary to elevate a scholarly work significantly. The absence of an option to select an editor with specific expertise or academic background was a notable gap, potentially limiting the customization and depth of the editing experience.

While Capstone Editing claims to cover a wide array of academic disciplines, their approach seems more generalized than specialized. This broad focus suggests a versatility in handling diverse subjects but possibly at the expense of depth in any single area of study. The service's pricing, which appears to be at the premium end of the spectrum, positions Capstone Editing as a high-end provider. This premium pricing raises expectations for an exceptional level of service that not only meets but transcends basic editing to genuinely transform academic writing.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate - Sufficient for basic proofreading but lacks depth in developmental feedback.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - Lacks the option for clients to select their editor, which could enhance the matching of academic expertise to the dissertation's subject matter.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - Indicates a broad but not deeply specialized knowledge base across academic disciplines.
  • Pricing: $$$$ - Suggests a premium pricing model that may not align with the perceived value of the editing received.

Editor World

https://www.editorworld.com/dissertation-editing-services

Editor World positions itself as a critical ally for doctoral candidates. With a promise of a roster of experienced editors across various academic disciplines, the service offers hope for students seeking to refine their dissertations to perfection.

The unique selling proposition of Editor World is the ability for clients to choose their editor, a feature that ostensibly allows for a more personalized editing experience. This element of choice aims to connect dissertation writers with editors who not only have the requisite language skills but also a deeper understanding of the subject matter at hand.

Upon engaging with Editor World for a project, the experience yielded mixed feelings. The process of selecting an editor was straightforward, with transparent profiles showcasing each editor's qualifications and areas of expertise. However, the editing outcome itself hovered around the “adequate” mark.

While basic grammatical and spelling errors were adeptly corrected, and the document was returned with a cleaner flow, the service seemed to skim the surface, missing opportunities to deeply engage with the content to enhance argumentative depth or offer substantial feedback on complex academic constructs. The editing did improve readability but did not significantly elevate the scholarly impact of the work as might have been expected.

Editor World's expertise, as presented through their editor profiles, spans a medium range, suggesting a general capability to handle a variety of academic disciplines. The pricing, which is structured based on turnaround time and word count, offers some flexibility, potentially placing it in a mid-tier range depending on the specifics of the project. Despite these offerings, the overall experience left room for improvement, particularly for doctoral candidates seeking transformative edits that go beyond surface-level corrections.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate - Adequate for addressing basic language and formatting issues, but falls short in providing deep, substantive feedback.
  • Ability to Select Editor: Yes - Offers the opportunity to choose an editor based on specific needs and expertise.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - There's a solid coverage of subjects, including psychology, education, political science, and law.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Reflects a balance between service quality and cost, with flexibility based on project urgency and length.

https://edit911.com/dissertation-editing/

Edit911 promises not only meticulous attention to grammatical precision but also a deep engagement with the content to enhance clarity, argumentation, and overall coherence. The service emphasizes its team of published PhD editors who bring their academic rigor and expertise to the table, ensuring that dissertations not only meet but exceed the scholarly standards expected by dissertation committees. The allure of Edit911 is further heightened by their 100% satisfaction guarantee and their stellar A+ rating by the Better Business Bureau, suggesting a level of service that is both reputable and reliable.

Upon submitting a sample for editing, the feedback and alterations provided were good, reflecting a high standard of grammatical and stylistic corrections alongside thoughtful considerations on structure and content clarity. The editing process seemed to illuminate the document’s strengths while carefully addressing its weaknesses, resulting in a polished and academically robust piece of work.

However, the absence of an option to select a specific editor meant giving up control over matching the project with an editor whose expertise directly aligns with the dissertation's subject matter, potentially missing out on nuanced insights specific to the field of study.

The breadth of expertise Edit911 claims to offer spans a medium range, with a particular focus on achieving stylistic and formatting excellence across various academic disciplines. Pricing is competitive, structured to reflect the comprehensive nature of the service provided. Despite these strengths, the inability to choose one's editor could be seen as a limitation, particularly for those seeking a highly specialized review of their work.

  • Quality of Editing: Good - The editing service competently addresses a wide range of issues from basic grammar to complex structural considerations.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - The service does not offer clients the ability to select their editor, which might limit personalized academic alignment.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - While boasting a team of PhD editors, the range of specialized expertise may not cover all niche academic areas deeply.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Suggests a mid-tier pricing strategy that balances quality editing services with cost-efficiency.

Polished Paper

https://polishedpaper.com/dissertation-editing

Polished Paper positions itself as a comprehensive dissertation editing service, aimed at refining academic manuscripts to meet the stringent standards expected by review committees. The promise of delivering a dissertation free from grammatical, stylistic, and formatting errors is at the heart of Polished Paper's service offering.

Their commitment to ensuring academic work is presented in the best possible light is underscored by their attention to detail in aspects such as grammar, punctuation, word choice, and adherence to university-specific academic styles. This holistic approach to dissertation editing is designed to provide peace of mind to doctoral candidates, ensuring their years of hard work are accurately and professionally represented.

Upon submitting a document for editing, the outcome was unfortunately characterized as poor. While the service claims to offer thorough corrections across a wide range of academic disciplines and formatting styles, the editing provided fell short of expectations. The document returned with several overlooked grammatical errors and inconsistencies in citation formatting, which are critical elements in dissertation writing.

Additionally, the feedback on enhancing wording and phrasing lacked depth, offering minimal suggestions for improving the academic tone or clarity of the manuscript. The absence of an option to select a specific editor based on subject matter expertise further compounded the issue, leading to a potential mismatch between the sample’s content and the editor's proficiency.

Despite Polished Paper's large range of expertise and competitive pricing, the editing service did not fully meet the requirements for a high-quality academic edit. The lack of personalized editor selection and the oversight of critical errors in the editing process suggest a gap between the service's promises and its delivery.

  • Quality of Editing: Mediocre - Failed to adequately address grammatical errors and citation inconsistencies.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - Does not offer the option to select an editor based on specific academic needs.
  • Expertise: Large Range - Covers a wide spectrum of disciplines including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and applied sciences.
  • Pricing: $$ - Competitive pricing that, while affordable, does not compensate for the deficiencies in editing quality.

https://www.kibin.com/academic-editing-proofreading

Kibin positions itself as a leading destination for academic editing and proofreading, offering a comprehensive service model that goes beyond mere surface corrections. Emphasizing clarity, flow, and overall presentation, Kibin aspires to be the essential academic partner for researchers and students aiming to refine their dissertations, theses, and manuscripts.

Their service is appealing, with a focus on meticulous detail, adherence to various English academic standards, and thorough reviews of citations and references to ensure that academic works are primed for submission.

Upon engaging Kibin for an editing project, the outcomes were mixed. The service proficiently addressed grammatical and punctuation errors, enhancing the document's readability. However, it fell short in delivering the expected depth in areas fundamental to scholarly writing.

The feedback provided little in the way of suggestions for bolstering the argumentative framework, deepening analytical insight, or enriching the scholarly tone. Consequently, the manuscript, while smoother on the surface, lacked substantive improvements in academic rigor. This discrepancy between the promise of a comprehensive edit and the reality of predominantly cosmetic enhancements was notable.

One of Kibin's features is the ability to select an editor. Yet, at the time of this review, the options were limited to only six editors, which is less than other competitors who offer similar editor selection capabilities. The limited pool of only six editors may restrict the service’s ability to match manuscript requirements with editorial expertise closely.

The pricing model of Kibin, which is based on word count and desired turnaround time, positions it as a mid-market option. This transparent approach to pricing is commendable; however, considering the sample sub optimal outcome, clients might question whether the investment adequately reflects the value received, especially in light of the service's limitations in delivering deep, critical academic feedback.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate - Efficiently corrects surface errors but lacks in providing the essential, in-depth academic feedback needed for scholarly enhancement.
  • Ability to Select Editor: Yes – Although the option exists, there is a limited selection.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - Kibin's editorial team, albeit small, spans a broad academic spectrum. However, the depth of specialization necessary for more niche or complex subjects may not be adequately met.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Occupies a middle-ground in the pricing spectrum, which may lead clients to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio critically, especially when the editing service results in mostly cosmetic improvements.

https://www.gramlee.com/dissertation-editing-services/

Gramlee markets itself as a comprehensive dissertation editing service, promising to elevate the quality of academic research to meet and surpass the stringent demands of doctoral committees. With a focus on creating dissertations that not only showcase rigorous research but also tell a compelling academic narrative, Gramlee seeks to differentiate itself by emphasizing the storytelling aspect of scholarly writing.

Their services are designed to enhance dissertations with a healthy mix of research and engaging narrative, aiming to make each submission not just acceptable but a pleasure to read. This approach suggests a deep understanding of the academic process and the importance of presenting research in a manner that resonates with both academic peers and broader audiences.

Upon engaging Gramlee for an editing project, the service provided was good, achieving a balance between grammatical precision and narrative enhancement. The editing process appeared to pay careful attention to the structural and stylistic elements that make academic writing both clear and engaging.

Corrections and suggestions were made with an eye towards improving the overall flow and readability of the dissertation, ensuring that the research presented was both rigorous and accessible. However, despite the good quality of editing, the service did not offer the option to select a specific editor, which could have added an extra layer of personalization and expertise alignment, especially for dissertations requiring specialized knowledge.

Gramlee's expertise, while presented as comprehensive, seems to fall within a medium range, capable of handling a wide array of subjects but perhaps lacking in deep specialization across more niche academic fields. Gramlee's competitive and transparent pricing positions it as a viable option. However, the lack of ability to choose an editor and the potential for variability in specialization may prompt some to weigh the overall value of the service against their specific academic needs.

  • Quality of Editing: Good - Successfully addresses both the technical and narrative aspects of dissertation editing.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - Lacks the feature to choose an editor based on specific research requirements or academic discipline.
  • Expertise: Medium Range - Offers a broad spectrum of academic editing capabilities, though the depth of expertise in specialized areas could be improved.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Indicates a moderate pricing structure that reflects the quality of service provided.

True Editors

https://www.trueeditors.com/academic/dissertation-editing-proofreading

True Editors aims to be a pivotal service for doctoral candidates and academics seeking to refine their dissertations and academic manuscripts. With a promise of delivering content that is not only grammatically impeccable but also polished to adhere to the preferred academic style of the university, their service is designed to cater to a wide spectrum of academic needs.

This approach is intended to ensure that dissertations are not just free from errors but are also presented in a manner that enhances readability and conforms to the stringent academic standards required for such high-level academic work.

Upon engaging True Editors for an editing project, the experience yielded a decent outcome. While the service professes to address a comprehensive range of errors—from grammatical to formatting inconsistencies—the editing provided seemed to fall short of a thorough academic scrutiny.

The document returned did show improvements in spelling, grammar, and punctuation, but deeper issues related to the structure, argumentation, and critical engagement with the subject matter appeared to be lightly touched or overlooked. This level of editing may suffice for early drafts but may not meet the expectations of doctoral candidates looking for in-depth analysis and feedback on their work.

True Editors boasts a large range of expertise and promises an affordable pricing model, yet the absence of an option to select a specific editor based on subject matter expertise is a notable limitation. For academic works as complex and varied as dissertations, the matching of editor expertise to the dissertation's field can significantly impact the quality of the editing process.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate - The service corrects surface-level errors but lacks in-depth academic engagement.
  • Ability to Select Editor: No - The service does not offer the possibility to choose an editor, potentially limiting the match between the dissertation's subject and the editor's expertise.
  • Expertise: Large Range - A wide spectrum of academic disciplines. Their editors include engineers, research scholars, journal peer reviewers, and physicians.
  • Pricing: $$ - Indicates a budget-friendly option, which may appeal to students and academics looking for cost-effective solutions.

https://wordsru.com/en-US/academic-and-students/dissertation-editing

WordsRU presents itself as a professional editing service tailored to the rigorous demands of academic writing, particularly for dissertations. With a focus on not just correcting grammatical errors but also ensuring compliance with citation styles and academic conventions, WordsRU aims to be the final checkpoint before submission.

Their services extend to formatting according to university requirements, which is a crucial aspect of dissertation preparation. The company prides itself on a track record of assisting with a broad range of academic documents, from prospectuses to final dissertation reports, indicating a deep familiarity with the academic journey.

Upon submitting a document for editing, the results were somewhat mixed. While WordsRU efficiently addressed surface-level issues such as spelling, grammar, and punctuation, and the document was returned in a timely manner, the depth of editing in terms of enhancing the argumentative structure and critical analysis was lacking. The feedback provided was helpful but did not significantly contribute to elevating the academic rigor of the dissertation.

The ability to select an editor for the project was a positive feature. However, there were only 10 editors available, which reduced the chances of selecting the right editor that matches the dissertation's subject matter.

WordsRU offers a comprehensive suite of editing services that cater to a wide range of academic disciplines. This breadth of coverage suggests a versatile capability to handle diverse subjects, making the service a potentially good fit for students and academics across various fields.

  • Quality of Editing: Adequate – Solid for basic corrections but falls short in comprehensive, depth-oriented editing.
  • Ability to Select Editor: Yes - The service does offer the option to choose an editor from a small pool of experts.
  • Expertise: Large Range - Covering a broad array of subjects.
  • Pricing: $$$ - Indicates a mid-range pricing structure, accessible for many but reflecting the level of service provided.

Selecting an appropriate editing service is a pivotal decision that can significantly influence the quality and presentation of your research. The services listed in this guide have been chosen based on their ability to meet the high standards required for academic dissertations, including their expertise across various disciplines and their understanding of different formatting and citation styles.

By opting for a service that aligns with your specific research needs and academic objectives, you ensure that your dissertation is not only free of linguistic and formatting errors but also enriched in terms of content and scholarly value. As you approach the completion of your dissertation, consider these editing services as valuable allies in achieving academic excellence and contributing meaningfully to your field of study.

Top 10 Dissertation Editing Services Reviewed

  • How it works

Professional Dissertation Proofreading & Editing Service for Students

Do you want to submit a flawless dissertation paper but don’t have enough time to proofread it yourself? Use Britain’s best professional dissertation editing and proofreading services to turn your draft into a polished piece of writing that will impress your readers. The niche and complexity of your project are not a problem for us. Whether you want dissertation editing and proofreading service or any other academic proofreading, we are available 24/7 to assist you.

turstpilot image

Calculate the price

How To Choose The Best Thesis Proofreading And Editing Services?

Dissertation proofreading and editing are essential steps in the writing process, whether you are working on academic papers, business documents, or creative writing. We have prepared some tips for choosing the best thesis proofreading and editing services:

  • Look for a dissertation proofreading and editing service with experience in your field. Experienced editors are more likely to be familiar with your field’s conventions, jargon, and technical terminology, which can help ensure your writing is clear and accurate.
  • Ensure that the thesis proofreaders and editors have the qualifications to work on your documents. Some may have advanced degrees in writing or a related field, while others may have years of experience in editing and proofreading.
  • Check out the reviews and testimonials from past clients to get an idea of the quality of service the proofreading and editing service provides. This can help you determine whether the service is reliable and effective.
  • Ask for samples of the service’s work better to understand the quality of their editing and proofreading. You may also ask for a sample of their work on a similar document.
  • Understand the editing process that the service uses. Do they use a checklist or software to identify common errors? Will they provide feedback and suggestions on improving your writing or correcting errors? Clarify any questions or doubts you have beforehand.
  • Determine the cost and turnaround time for the service. While you do not want to sacrifice quality for speed, finding a service that meets your deadlines and budget is important.
  • Some dissertation editing services specialise in particular types of documents or writing styles. If you have specific needs, such as formatting guidelines or style requirements, look for a service that specialises in your area.

Thesis Proofreading And Editing Tips

  • After finishing your writing, take a break before starting the proofreading and editing process. It is always better to approach your work with fresh eyes.
  • Try different methods of dissertation proofreading and editing. For instance, you can read your work aloud, use spell and grammar-check tools, or even have someone else read it.
  • Instead of fixing everything, focus on one aspect at a time. For example, focus on grammar, spelling, sentence structure, or coherence.
  • Edit out unnecessary words and phrases to make your writing more concise and readable.
  • Ensure the tone, style, and formatting are consistent throughout the piece.
  • Take a break in between editing sessions to rest your eyes and mind. This will help you catch errors that you might have missed before.
  • Read your work backwards, starting from the last sentence and working your way up. This technique helps you spot mistakes you have missed when reading normally.
  • If you are unsure about punctuation or style, use a popular style guide such as Harvard or The Chicago Manual of Style to help get a better understanding.
  • Do not be afraid to make big changes or cut large portions of your work if necessary. It is better to have a well-written, concise piece of writing than one that is overly long and poorly written.
  • Dissertation proofreading and editing is an iterative process. After making changes, read your work and repeat the process until you are satisfied with the result.

Who Will Edit & Proofread My Dissertation For Me?

Our top academics from highly reputable universities will do your work. Our team comprises experts from all writing disciplines with experience in producing great content and who have editing and proofreading skills that ensure you achieve good grades. For instance, if you want a dissertation editing and proofreading service, we will assign it to our dissertation experts.

Our Editors

Students Worldwide Love Our Thesis Editing & Proofreading Service

Subject specialists.

Whether it’s an assignment, term paper, research paper, coursework, dissertation, or university essay, our best proofreaders and editors can improve your writing style and get your desired grades.

Structure and Clarity

Our editor will ensure that your paper passes our structure and clarity check, which means they will provide features such as detailed feedback, transition words and the information sequence etc.

Punctuation and Grammar

If you are scared of inconsistent voice, misleading word order, misplaced commas, and misused phrases, Our experts ensure that their work is well-researched, free of errors, and meets all your requirements.

100% Reliable

We provide guaranteed plagiarism-free content. Once we complete your paper, we will not resell it, nor will we use any section of the paper in future. We follow a strict confidentiality code.

Affordability

Our UK’s proofreading and editing services packages are created to provide high-quality services at a reasonable and affordable cost to all students, regardless of their fields and levels of study.

Excellent Customer Service

Our customer services team works tirelessly through days and nights to ensure our customers get their concerns addressed promptly. We make sure to reply to your emails within 20 minutes.

Our Editing & Proofreading Samples

Our experts have edited and proofread thousands of sample papers for you to review. This is just for reference; what we edit for you will reflect your work and be tailored to your requirements.

Proofreading and Editing Samples

Quality:1st / 74%

Discipline:Marketing

Academic Standard:Masters

The Importance Of Professional Dissertation Proofreading And Editing Services

Expert proofreading and editing services ensure your paper’s accuracy, clarity, and effectiveness. Whether it is a business proposal, academic paper, or creative work, errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting can diminish the quality of the message and compromise your credibility.

Professional proofreaders and editors possess the expertise and attention to detail to identify and correct such errors and offer valuable feedback and suggestions for improving the text’s overall structure, coherence, and style. They also ensure that the writing adheres to the appropriate style guide, meets the expectations of the intended audience, and achieves the desired tone and purpose. By investing in professional proofreading and editing services, editors can enhance the professionalism and impact of their work and ultimately achieve greater success in their respective fields.

ResearchProspect is one such academic proofreading and editing service in the United Kingdom. We have the top editors to help you transform any paper or assignment into something presentable and good grade worthy. If you want “proofreading UK online”, check out our services!

How To Order the Thesis Editing & Proofreading Services?

Pay and confirm.

You can order by filling in our form. Then relax and wait for our support to contact you.

Editor Starts Working

Upon receiving your order, we assign the work to one of our academics best suited to the subject.

Download and Relax

When you receive your work, download it and present it wherever necessary.

Trusted by over 1000,000 students

Thousands of students have used ResearchProspect’s academic support services to improve their grades. Why are you waiting?

sitejabber

Dissertation was corrected and formatted.

When I write I do a lot of mistakes. So, when I finished writing my dissertation I decided to order editing and proofreading help. I ampleased with editor’s skills at dissertation service company. My dissertation was corrected and formatted.

View All Reviews

Majoring in Journalism

Majoring in Journalism, I’ve tried that service for proofreading and editing my drafts. Needless to say, I am pleased with their help since it doesn’t cost a fortune and you can talk to your writer directly in case of any problems. They will also leave helpful comments to make things much better. Formatting, style, you name it and they have it!

I belong to a profession

I belong to a profession where proofreading is the most hard part. But thank God, —– is there. I have proofreading experts. It made my work so simple. Thank you

FAQs About The Dissertation Editing & Proofreading Writing Service

Does researchprospect proofread all kinds of documents/assignments.

Yes. We specialise in the following editing and proofreading services:

  • Admission essays
  • Motivation letters
  • Reflection papers
  • Journal articles
  • Capstone projects
  • Ph.D. dissertations
  • Research proposals
  • Personal statements

What if I have an urgent assignment for editing? Do your delivery days include the weekends?

Don’t worry! We work seven days a week, excluding Christmas, Boxing Day, and New Year’s Eve. Weekends are usually included in the delivery schedule.

How quickly can ResearchProspect edit my archive?

The quickest turnaround time is 24 hours. You can transfer your archive whenever and pick between three cutoff times:

What are the features of our thesis proofreading and editing service?

  • You are worried that the current standard of work will not get you the required grade.
  • There are too many spelling, grammatical, formatting and structural errors in your work.
  • You are required to address your tutors comments.
  • Additional words/pages have to be added.
  • You are required to edit/rewrite the whole dissertation/assignment to improve the standard to 2:1 or 1st
  • You have reached a point where you need professional editing and improvement help to finish your work.
  • You simply feel that your paper could be made better.

Explore Our Services

Need help writing your dissertation, essay, assignment, coursework or anything else?

Get 100% Confidential assistance from our experts. Any subject, any complexity, any deadline, we guarantee 100% satisfaction.

USEFUL LINKS

LEARNING RESOURCES

secure connection

COMPANY DETAILS

Research-Prospect-Writing-Service

  • How It Works

IMAGES

  1. How To Prepare A Dissertation For Proofreading?

    dissertation proofreading and editing

  2. Dissertation Proofreading & Editing Service

    dissertation proofreading and editing

  3. 7 Tips For Proofreading Your PhD Or Dissertation Infographic

    dissertation proofreading and editing

  4. The Ultimate Guide to Editing

    dissertation proofreading and editing

  5. Dissertation Editing And Proofreading Services in UK

    dissertation proofreading and editing

  6. Best writing editing service: Top Tips to select the best Dissertation

    dissertation proofreading and editing

VIDEO

  1. Proofreading and copy editing course video

  2. Proofreading and editing your writing video

  3. What is the Difference Between Editing and Proofreading (with Examples)

  4. PaperTrue

  5. Editing vs. Proofreading: The Virtue of Clarity

  6. Editing and Proofreading

COMMENTS

  1. Scribbr's Dissertation Editing Services

    Your one-stop-shop for dissertation editing services. Bring your PhD dissertation to the next level with the help of Scribbr's experienced dissertation editors. 2,000-word sample edit is available on request. 100% happiness guarantee. Industry-specific editors experienced in proofreading dissertations.

  2. Dissertation Proofreading Service

    DissertationProofreading Service. Our dissertation proofreading service focuses on helping you to express your ideas and arguments clearly. As part of this, we will: We will even provide two copies of your edited dissertation when we're done: This is so you can review and approve every change we make. And if your chosen file format doesn't ...

  3. Dissertation Editing & Proofreading Service (With Certificate)

    Our editing and proofreading process is 100% manual - in other words, it's handled by a team of highly qualified human editors, ... Generally speaking, we can complete a standard dissertation/thesis of 20,000 words within 2-3 days, but this varies depending on the factors above. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you pre-book your editing ...

  4. Academic Proofreading & Editing Services

    No matter what you're working on, with Proofed's academic proofreading and editing services, you can rest assured that your writing will be clear and concise, with a strong academic style and tone. ... whether you need help with a sociology dissertation, handouts for a music theory lecture, or a biology research paper. 24-Hour Support.

  5. Dissertation Proofreading Service

    Dissertation proofreading guarantees its clarity, coherence, and professionalism. Like other types of editing and proofreading services (e.g., Personal Statement Editing), it ensures your work is free from errors, enhancing its credibility and the impact of your research.

  6. Dissertation Editing Service

    Our dedicated Dissertation Editing service ensures top-notch editing, style refinement, and adherence to guidelines, enhancing the professionalism of your academic writing. With a focus on swift turnaround times, meet your trusted partner for the best dissertation editing services. Order Now or Get a Free Sample. Home.

  7. Dissertation/thesis proofreading and editing services

    Get the support of highly experienced academic editors. We'll ensure that your dissertation or thesis is submitted in the best possible condition by assigning it to an academic editor with expertise in your field. Each year, our editors review more than 6,000 dissertations and theses from a range of subject areas for students and PhD ...

  8. Editing and Proofreading for Academics

    Get dissertation editing services from an academic editor with years of experience editing dissertations, theses, and academic papers. ... Dissertation Proofreading Your supervisor has finally given the green light, and now it's time for the ultimate stage of refinement: dissertation proofreading and formatting, all in accordance with your ...

  9. Dissertation Editing Services: Everything You Need to Know

    TrueEditors offers five prices depending on the time duration. They can deliver your edited dissertation in 48 hours, but the price will be higher. If you opt for a delivery time of ten days, however, the price will be much lower. Aside from editing and proofreading a dissertation, TrueEditors also offers:

  10. Dissertation Editing and Proofreading Services

    A sample of our dissertation editing services. We meticulously edit and proofread your dissertation to refine its grammar, style, and overall structure. Your dissertation undergoes a combination of the three levels of editing displayed below. You can also view a completely edited and proofread dissertation here . Refined style.

  11. Dissertation editing and proofreading services by UK editors

    The process couldn't be simpler: choose your turnaround time and additional editing services, upload your dissertation, select which pages you want edited, and fill in some details. Then your editor takes over! Rates start at £0.013 per word, and you can calculate the price instantly - no need to wait for a quote.

  12. 10 Best Dissertation Editing Services

    TrueEditors provides the dissertation editing help you need through their academic editing services. The trusted company can perform several levels of editing and specialized editing for the academic writer. ... The cost of a 1000-word text for editing and proofreading services with a turnaround time of 2 hours is $37. Visit WriteSmartly Here ...

  13. Proofreading Services

    Dissertation Editing Service: Ensure Academic Success ... Editing and Proofreading Services Fast, Affordable, Professional. Since 1997, our hand-picked, elite editorial team has been trusted with hundreds of thousands of documents from around the world. Let us help you next.

  14. Professional UK Editing & Proofreading Services

    Popular add-on editing services. Structure Check. Clarity Check. Formatting. Citation Editing. Your editor will make sure that your document is well organised and contains all the essential elements. You'll receive in-text feedback about: Whether or not each individual chapter supports your document's main goal.

  15. Editing and Proofreading

    Learn the difference between editing and proofreading, two stages of the revision process. Find tips and strategies for revising your writing, such as getting distance, choosing a medium, and finding patterns of error. See examples of editing and proofreading errors in a handout.

  16. Dissertation Proofreading Services and Editing by Experts

    An overview of valuable dissertation proofreading services includes the following: Format and layout of the body of the dissertation. Editing all text for correctness on the sentence-to-sentence level - for example, punctuation, mechanics, grammar, diction, usage, and syntax. Revising for clarity and intelligibility - dealing with any other ...

  17. Top 10 Dissertation Editing Services Reviewed

    Explore the top 10 dissertation editing services reviewed for impeccable academic quality and expert guidance. Choose the best partner to refine and elevate your dissertation to the highest standards.

  18. Dissertation Proofreading & Editing Services

    The Importance Of Professional Dissertation Proofreading And Editing Services. Expert proofreading and editing services ensure your paper's accuracy, clarity, and effectiveness. Whether it is a business proposal, academic paper, or creative work, errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting can diminish the quality of the message ...