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Autonomous driving’s future: Convenient and connected

The dream of seeing fleets of driverless cars efficiently delivering people to their destinations has captured consumers’ imaginations and fueled billions of dollars in investment in recent years. But even after some setbacks that have pushed out timelines for autonomous-vehicle (AV) launches and delayed customer adoption, the mobility community still broadly agrees that autonomous driving (AD) has the potential to transform transportation , consumer behavior, and society at large.

About the authors

Because of this, AD could create massive value for the auto industry, generating hundreds of billions of dollars before the end of this decade, McKinsey research shows. 1 McKinsey Center for Future Mobility analysis. To realize the consumer and commercial benefits of autonomous driving, however, auto OEMs and suppliers may need to develop new sales and business strategies, acquire new technological capabilities, and address concerns about safety.

This report, which focuses on the private-passenger-car segment of the AD market, examines the potential for autonomous technologies to disrupt the passenger car market. It also outlines critical success factors that every auto OEM, supplier, and tech provider should know in order to win in the AD passenger car market. (Other McKinsey publications explore the potential of shared AVs such as robo-taxis and robo-shuttles , as well as autonomous trucks  and autonomous last-mile delivery.)

Autonomous driving could produce substantial value for drivers, the auto industry, and society

AD could revolutionize the way consumers experience mobility. AD systems may make driving safer, more convenient, and more enjoyable. Hours on the road previously spent driving could be used to video call a friend, watch a funny movie, or even work. For employees with long commutes, driving an AV might increase worker productivity and even shorten the workday. Since workers can perform their jobs from an autonomous car, they could more easily move farther away from the office, which, in turn, could attract more people to rural areas and suburbs. AD might also improve mobility for elderly drivers, providing them with mobility options that go beyond public transportation or car-sharing services. Safety might also increase, with one study showing that the growing adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) in Europe could reduce the number of accidents by about 15 percent by 2030. 2 Tom Seymour, “Crash repair market to reduce by 17% by 2030 due to advanced driver systems, says ICDP,” Automotive Management Online , April 7, 2018.

Along with these consumer benefits, AD may also generate additional value for the auto industry. Today, most cars only include basic ADAS features, but major advancements in AD capabilities are on the horizon. Vehicles will ultimately achieve Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 4 (L4), or driverless control under certain conditions. Consumers want access to AD features and are willing to pay for them, according to a 2021 McKinsey consumer survey. Growing demand for AD systems could create billions of dollars in revenue. Vehicles with lidar-based Level 2+ (L2+) capabilities contain approximately $1,500 to $2,000 in component costs, and even more for cars with Level 3 (L3) and L4 options. Based on consumer interest in AD features and commercial solutions available on the market today, ADAS and AD could generate between $300 billion and $400 billion in the passenger car market by 2035, according to McKinsey analysis 3 McKinsey Center for Future Mobility analysis. Total revenue potential is derived from McKinsey’s base case on ADAS and AD installation rates, with the share of OEM subscription offerings at a 100 percent installation rate, and actual customer take rate and pricing assumptions by segment and ADAS/AD features. Prices are assumed to decline over time as features become industry standards and because of overall cost digression. (Exhibit 1).

The knock-on effects of autonomous cars on other industries could be significant. For example, by reducing the number of car accidents and collisions, AD technology could limit the number of consumers requiring roadside assistance and repairs. That may put pressure on those types of businesses as consumer adoption of AD rises. In addition, consumers with self-driving cars might not be required to pay steep insurance premiums, since handing over control of vehicles to AD systems might mean that individual drivers could no longer be held liable for car accidents. As a consequence, new business-to-business insurance models may arise for autonomous travel.

Several automakers are already piloting new insurance products. These companies are gleaning insights on driving behavior from autonomous technology and making personalized offers to their consumers. Since OEMs control the AD system, its performance, and the data that it generates (such as the real-time performance of drivers), auto companies can precisely tailor insurance policies to their consumers, giving them a significant advantage over external insurance providers.

How AD could transform the passenger car market

Given today’s high levels of uncertainty in the auto industry, McKinsey has developed three scenarios for autonomous-passenger car sales based upon varying levels of technology availability, customer adoption, and regulatory support (Exhibit 2). In our delayed scenario, automakers further push out AV launch timelines, and consumer adoption remains low. This scenario projects that in 2030, only 4 percent of new passenger cars sold are installed with L3+ AD functions, with that figure increasing to 17 percent in 2035.

Our base scenario assumes that OEMs can meet their announced timelines for AV launches, with a medium level of customer adoption despite the high costs of AD systems. By 2030, 12 percent of new passenger cars are sold with L3+ autonomous technologies, and 37 percent have advanced AD technologies in 2035.

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Finally, in our accelerated scenario, OEMs debut new AVs quickly, with sizable revenues coming in through new business models (for example, pay as you go, which offers AD on demand, or new subscription services). In this scenario, most premium automakers preinstall hardware that makes fully autonomous driving possible when the software is ready to upgrade. In this scenario, 20 percent of passenger cars sold in 2030 include advanced AD technologies, and 57 percent have them by 2035.

Delivering higher levels of automation

For automakers focused on delivering vehicles with higher levels of automation, there is enormous potential for growth. Consumers interested in the convenience of hands-free driving might want cars with more advanced autonomous functions (including L2+, L3, and L4), which give the autonomous system greater control over driving tasks. Costs for sensors and high-performance computers are decreasing, while safety standards for AD technologies are continuing to advance. (For instance, standards currently available for traffic jam pilots, which allow autonomous vehicles to navigate through stop-and-go traffic while maintaining a safe distance from other cars, could soon extend to other advanced AD functions.) Taken together, these factors could help the auto industry introduce more advanced autonomous features to a broad range of vehicles over time.

Based on McKinsey’s sales scenarios, L3 and L4 systems for driving on highways will likely be more commonly available in the private-passenger-car segment by around 2025 in Europe and North America, even though the first applications are just now coming into market. (One luxury European brand offers an L3 conditional self-driving system but restricts usage to certain well-marked highways and at reduced speeds.)

About the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility

These insights were developed by the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM). Since 2011, the MCFM has worked with stakeholders across the mobility ecosystem by providing independent and integrated evidence about possible future-mobility scenarios. With our unique, bottom-up modeling approach, our insights enable an end-to-end analytics journey through the future of mobility—from consumer needs to modal mix across urban and rural areas, sales, value pools, and life cycle sustainability. Contact us , if you are interested in getting full access to our market insights via the McKinsey Mobility Insights Portal.

Steep up-front costs for developing L3 and L4 driving systems suggest that auto companies’ efforts to commercialize more advanced AD systems may first be limited to premium-vehicle segments. Additional hardware- and software-licensing costs per vehicle for L3 and L4 systems could reach $5,000 or more  during the early rollout phase, with development and validation costs likely exceeding more than $1 billion. Because the sticker price on these vehicles is likely to be high, there might be greater commercial potential in offering L2+ systems. These autonomous systems somewhat blur the lines between standard ADAS and automated driving, allowing drivers to take their hands off the wheel for certain periods in areas permitted by law.

L2+ systems are already available from several OEMs, with many other vehicle launches planned over the next few years. If equipped with sufficient sensor and computing power, the technology developed for L2+ systems could also contribute to the development of L3 systems. This is the approach taken by several Chinese disruptor OEMs. These companies are launching vehicles that offer L2+ systems pre-equipped with lidar sensors. The vehicles are likely to reach L3 functionality relatively soon, since the companies are likely using their on-road fleet of enhanced L2+ vehicles to collect data to learn how to handle rare edge cases, or to run the L3 system in shadow mode.

Where true L3 systems are not available, developers might also offer a combination of L2+ and L3 features. This may include an L2+ feature for automated driving on highways and in cities, together with an L3 feature for use in traffic jams.

Car buyers are highly interested in AD features

Consumers benefit from using AD systems in many ways, including greater levels of safety; ease of operation for parking, merging, and other maneuvers; additional fuel savings because of the autonomous system’s ability to maintain optimal speeds; and more quality time. Consumers understand these benefits and continue to be highly willing to consider using AD features, according to our research.

Consumers benefit from using AD systems in many ways, such as greater levels of safety, and some are highly willing to consider using AD features.

In McKinsey’s 2021 autonomous driving, connectivity, electrification, and shared mobility (ACES) 4 Timo Möller, Asutosh Padhi, Dickon Pinner, and Andreas Tschiesner, “ The future of mobility is at our doorstep ,” December 19, 2019. survey, which polled more than 25,000 consumers about their mobility preferences, about a quarter of respondents said they are very likely to choose an advanced AD feature when purchasing their next vehicle. Two-thirds of these highly interested customers would pay a one-time fee of $10,000 or an equivalent subscription rate for an L4 highway pilot, which provides hands-free driving on highways under certain conditions (Exhibit 3). This represents a price point and willingness to pay that is consistent with a few top-of-the-line AD vehicles launched in the past few years, as well as with our value-based pricing model.

Since consumers have such different lifestyles and needs, AD systems may benefit some consumers far more than others, making them much more likely to pay for AD features. For instance, a sales manager who drives 30,000 miles a year and upgrades to an autonomous car could use all of that time previously spent driving to contact new leads or to create in-depth sales strategies with his or her team. On the other hand, a parent who uses a car primarily for shopping or for driving the kids to school might be more reluctant to pay for AD features.

Exploring the values of different consumer personas could enable OEMs and dealerships to tailor their value propositions and pricing schemes. For instance, they might implement a flexible pricing model that includes a fixed one-time fee, subscription offerings, and, potentially, an on-demand option such as paying an hourly rate for each use of a traffic jam pilot. Our research indicates that consumers prefer having different pricing options. Of the highly interested consumers, 20 percent of ACES survey respondents said they would prefer to purchase ADAS features through a subscription, while nearly 30 percent said they would prefer to pay each time they use a feature. In addition, one in four respondents said they would like to be able to unlock additional ADAS features even after purchasing a new car.

Although consumers continue to be very interested in autonomous driving, they are also adopting more cautious and realistic attitudes toward self-driving cars. For the first time in five years, consumers are less willing to consider driving a fully autonomous vehicle, our ACES consumer surveys show. Readiness to switch to a private AV is down by almost ten percentage points, with 26 percent of respondents saying they would prefer to switch to a fully autonomous car in 2021, compared with 35 percent in 2020 (Exhibit 4).

Our ACES consumer research also reveals that trust in the safety of AVs is down by five percentage points, and that the share of consumers who support government regulation of fully self-driving cars has declined by about 15 percentage points. While safety concerns are top of mind, consumers also want opportunities to test-drive AD systems and more information about the technology. To help customers become more comfortable with AVs, OEMs may need to offer hands-on experiences with AVs, address safety concerns, and educate consumers about how autonomous driving works.

Regulatory support is critical

Support from regulators is essential to overcoming AD safety concerns, creating a trusted and safe ecosystem, and implementing global standards. So far, most public officials have strongly advocated for the inclusion of ADAS capabilities in existing regulations, laying the groundwork for autonomous driving. This has resulted in a much higher penetration of ADAS functions, both in passenger cars and commercial vehicles.

The auto industry and public authorities agree on autonomous driving’s potential to save lives . Today, basic SAE L1 and L2 ADAS features are increasingly coming under regulation. This includes Europe’s Vehicle General Safety Regulation, along with Europe and North America’s New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), a voluntary program that establishes standards for car safety. NCAP is a key advocate for the integration of active safety systems in passenger cars.

In 2020 and 2022, OEMs seeking the NCAP’s highest, five-star safety rating were faced with the challenges of implementing features such as automatic emergency braking (AEB) and automatic emergency steering (AES). As a result, US and European OEMs in all segments have developed these features, with more than 90 percent of all European- and American-made cars offering L1 capabilities as a baseline.

There is already sufficient regulation to enable companies to pilot robo-shuttle services in cities, primarily in the United States, China, Israel, and now in Europe. Companies will continue their test-and-learn cycles with the robo-shuttle pilots and move into a phase of stable operations over the next few years. Still missing, however, are global standards regarding AD functions for use in private vehicles, although many regulators are working on them.

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has a rule on automated lane-keeping systems that regulates the introduction of L3 AD for speeds up to 60 kilometers per hour. In addition, the UN’s World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) is working on additional regulation for using AD functions at higher speeds. This group plans to extend the use of advanced autonomous systems to speeds of up to 130 kilometers per hour, with the rule coming into force in 2023. Germany has also offered comprehensive legislation on AD that has allowed one European OEM to launch the first true L3 feature in a current model. Similar legislation exists in Japan and has recently been authorized in France. The development of global AD standards for private-passenger vehicles is clearly in motion.

Succeeding in the passenger car market

To succeed in the autonomous passenger car market, OEMs and suppliers will likely need to change how they operate. This may require a new approach to R&D that focuses on software-driven development processes, a plan to make use of fleet data, and flexible, feature-rich offerings across vehicle segments that consider consumers’ varying price points. Decoupling the development of hardware components and software for AD platforms could allow automakers and suppliers to keep design costs more feasible, since the AV architecture could then be reused.

To win over consumers, auto companies could also develop a customer-centered, go-to-market strategy. Moreover, leaders might explore different ownership models and sales methods with the end-to-end (E2E) business case in mind, taking into account the entire life cycle of the autonomous vehicle. Finally, leaders may also need to create an organization that will support all of the above changes.

Creating a new R&D strategy

Succeeding in AD may require OEMs to make a mindset change. Simply put, the old ways of doing things are no longer valid. Successful OEMs should focus on building up in-house competencies such as excellence in software development. Although the automotive industry has honed its ability to split development work among multiple partners and suppliers, the sheer complexity of an L3- or L4-capable AD stack limits the potential for partnering with many different specialists.

Indeed, developing AD capabilities requires much stronger ownership of the entire ecosystem, as well as the ability to codevelop hardware and software—in particular, chips and neural networks. This suggests leading OEMs should either develop strong in-house capabilities or form partnerships with leading tech players tasked with delivering the entire driving platform.

OEMs would also benefit from holistically managing their road maps for developing AD features and portfolios of offerings. They should ensure that the AD architecture is flexible and reusable where possible. Moreover, to stay competitive over a vehicle platform’s life cycle, systems must be easy to upgrade. Developing new strategies to collect fleet data, selecting relevant testing scenarios, and using the data to train and validate the AD system are also likely to be essential.

Developing customer-centered, go-to-market strategies

OEMs and their dealer networks should work to dispel the many uncertainties faced by consumers when deciding to buy a car with AD capabilities. Although consumers remain highly interested in AD, most buyers have not yet driven an autonomous car. Consumers receive many different (and sometimes contradictory) messages throughout the car-buying journey, from sources that hype up the technology to those that tout significant safety concerns. To win the trust of consumers, OEMs and dealerships may need to deliver additional sales training so that employees can pitch AD systems to customers and explain the technologies in enough detail to alleviate customer concerns.

Enabling customers to experience AD firsthand is critical, so auto companies may want to offer a test-drive that introduces the AD platform. Changing the business model from offering one-time licensing to an ongoing subscription plan could make it easier for customers to afford an AV and provide additional upside for OEMs. Our research indicates that in the future, all three business models (one-time sales, subscription pricing, and pay per use) may generate significant revenue. This implies that OEMs and other companies might need to adapt their go-to-market approach in order to sell subscriptions. OEMs might consider offering subscriptions that go beyond AD features and potential vehicle ownership, such as in-car connectivity.

Making an end-to-end business case

With new forms of revenue coming in through subscriptions and pay-per-use offerings, OEMs may need to rethink how they calculate the business case for their vehicles and shift toward E2E marketing strategies. That means considering subscription pricing and length, sales of upgrades, software maintenance, and potential upselling to more advanced systems. For subscription pricing, OEMs are likely to face higher up-front costs, since they have to equip all vehicles with the technologies that will make AD features run. In return, they might expect higher customer use and revenues over the vehicle’s life cycle.

Based on McKinsey’s customer research and business case studies, AD subscription models may initially be economically viable only for premium D-segment vehicles (large cars such as sedans or wagons) and above, particularly those that already exhibit higher revenues from ADAS/AD functions. OEMs may need to adjust their internal key performance indicators (KPI), financing structures, and strategies for communicating with investors, since the E2E business model reduces short-term profitability in exchange for long-term revenue.

Reorganizing the company

Software is the key differentiator for AD, so organizations must excel in several areas: attracting coding talent, the development process, and capabilities in simulation and validation. It’s worth noting that leading AD players do not necessarily have the biggest development teams. In fact, the development teams deployed by leading disruptive players are often significantly smaller than those of some other large OEM groups and tier-one suppliers. This highlights the importance of having the right talent, combined with effective development processes and best-in-class tool chains.

Experience suggests that deploying more resources can backfire, creating additional fragmentation and making communication needlessly complex for companies managing development projects. This is why it is often not a winning formula to install managers experienced in hardware development or embedded-software development to lead AD systems’ software development teams.

Implications for suppliers

Suppliers may also need to adapt to new industry success factors. They face fierce competition for full-stack solutions that may likely lead to a consolidation of players. To compete, suppliers must be focused and nimble. They might benefit from offering different delivery models to OEM customers, from stand-alone hardware solutions to fully integrated hardware–software solutions. In return, new opportunities may open up for developing joint business models closer to end customers, potentially including the possibility of revenue sharing.

For state-of-the-art AD solutions, companies will need access to large amounts of fleet data to train algorithms to achieve low-enough failure rates. While OEMs have fleet access and only need to find suitable technology to extract data from their customer fleets, suppliers must depend on partners or key customers to gain access. Consequently, it is mission critical for suppliers seeking to develop state-of-the-art AD systems to recruit a close lead customer early on for codevelopment and fleet access.

A lack of access to substantial amounts of fleet data, funding, and sufficient talent will probably limit the number of companies that can successfully offer full-stack AD systems. The result may be a “winner takes most” market dynamic. Companies with the best access to data and funding will likely enjoy a strong competitive advantage over those that do not have this information, since they will have a better chance to advance their technology and get ahead of their competitors.

As a result, the number of successful suppliers or tech companies delivering a full AD system could likely remain limited to a handful of companies, in both the West and China. For the first generation of AD systems, joint development of software and the required chips may help the full system achieve better performance and efficiency, with a lower risk of late integration issues. This could further limit the number of potential industry winners.

Achieving long-term success may also require suppliers to articulate their competitive advantage and strategies. A targeted approach may yield higher returns.

Achieving long-term success may also require suppliers to articulate their competitive advantage, value proposition, and strategies. They should decide whether or not to become a full-stack player for the most advanced systems or concentrate on dedicated areas of the stack, which could be either hardware components or software elements. Our research shows that a targeted approach may yield higher returns for many suppliers and potentially offer substantial and attractive value pools. The total value of the passenger car AD components market could reach $55 billion to $80 billion by 2030, based on a detailed analysis that assumes a medium AD adoption scenario (Exhibit 5). In this scenario, most of the revenue would be generated by control units.

OEMs often follow different strategies for their lower-end ADAS and higher-end AD solutions, so suppliers that want to play across the entire technology stack may need to work within flexible delivery models. This could include supplying components, delivering stand-alone software functions such as parking, or delivering fully integrated ADAS or AD stacks. While delivering components is a business model that allows partnering with many different OEMs, supplying targeted software solutions or fully integrated software stacks is only possible when OEMs have decided to outsource.

Because most leading OEMs in AD development use in-house development for their most advanced systems, the number of potential customers for full-stack solutions is quite limited. For singular functions or add-ons (for example, parking or less sophisticated ADAS systems), there is a larger range of customers looking for suppliers. ADAS and AD systems are highly dependent on software, so supply chain monetization strategies could change. For instance, instead of charging a one-time fee for each component, suppliers might charge for performing regular system updates. They might even transition to a revenue-sharing model, which would increase the financial incentive to keep features up to date.

New technology companies are also entering a market previously reserved for tier-one automotive suppliers. Tech companies currently active in the passenger car market are mainly starting from a system-on-chip competency and building the software suite on top. There is also the chance that, in the future, L4 robo-taxi and robo-shuttle technology providers may enter the auto-supply market, but these companies will need to evaluate the applicability of AD technologies and cost positions against what customers require from passenger cars.

What’s next for autonomous vehicles?

At first glance, these new tech companies may appear to threaten incumbent tier-one auto suppliers, since they compete for business from the same OEMs. But tech companies and incumbent tier-one suppliers could potentially benefit from new partnership opportunities in which they provide complementary capabilities in software and hardware development that would also help to industrialize AD solutions.

Securing a leading position as an AD supplier will likely be challenging. It may require companies to develop strong capabilities in technology and economies of scale to attain a position as cost leader. But as suppliers begin to talk to OEMs about equipping fleets with new technologies, additional new business opportunities—including profit sharing—could arise. Critically, suppliers could benefit from a new operating model for working with OEMs that ensures sufficient upside beyond just sharing risks, since suppliers do not have the direct access to car buyers or drivers that would allow them to communicate certain value propositions.

High potential, high uncertainty

New AD technologies have tremendous potential to provide new levels of safety and convenience for consumers, generate significant value within the auto industry, and transform how people travel. At the same time, the dynamic and rapidly evolving AD passenger car market is producing high levels of uncertainty. All companies in the AD value chain—from automakers and suppliers to technology providers—must have clear, well-aligned strategies. Companies seeking to win in the autonomous passenger car market could benefit from a targeted value proposition, a clear vision of where the market is heading (including well-developed scenarios that cover the next ten years at minimum), and an understanding of what consumers want most.

To start, companies can evaluate their starting positions against their longer-term business goals and priorities. The result should be an AD portfolio strategy, feature road map, and detailed implementation plan that addresses each critical success factor. Companies will likely benefit from securing key capabilities, revamping the organization, updating internal processes, and developing external relationships with partners and regulators. With OEMs regularly revisiting timelines for rolling out new AD vehicles, companies may also need to frequently review and update their business strategies. Success in AD is not a given. But to realize the full promise of autonomous driving, forward-looking companies and regulatory bodies can pave the way.

Johannes Deichmann is a partner in McKinsey’s Stuttgart office; Eike Ebel is a consultant in the Frankfurt office, where Kersten Heineke is a partner; Ruth Heuss is a senior partner in the Berlin office; and Martin Kellner is an associate partner in the Munich office, where Fabian Steiner is a consultant.

This article was edited by Belinda Yu, an editor in McKinsey’s Atlanta office.

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Exploring the Ethics Behind Self-Driving Cars

How do you code ethics into autonomous automobiles? And who is responsible when things go awry?

August 13, 2015

Illustration by Abigail Goh

Imagine a runaway trolley barreling down on five people standing on the tracks up ahead. You can pull a lever to divert the trolley onto a different set of tracks where only one person is standing. Is the moral choice to do nothing and let the five people die? Or should you hit the switch and therefore actively participate in a different person’s death?

In the real world, the “trolley problem” first posed by philosopher Philippa Foot in 1967 is an abstraction most won’t ever have to actually face. And yet, as driverless cars roll into our lives, policymakers and auto manufacturers are edging into similar ethical dilemmas.

Quote One of the questions that comes up in class discussions is whether, as a driver, you should be able to program a degree of selfishness, making the car save the driver and passengers rather than people outside the car. Attribution Ken Shotts

For instance, how do you program a code of ethics into an automobile that performs split-second calculations that could harm one human over another? Who is legally responsible for the inevitable driverless-car accidents — car owners, carmakers, or programmers? Under what circumstances is a self-driving car allowed to break the law? What regulatory framework needs to be applied to what could be the first broad-scale social interaction between humans and intelligent machines?

Ken Shotts and Neil Malhotra , professors of political economy at Stanford GSB, along with Sheila Melvin , mull the philosophical and psychological issues at play in a new case study titled “ ‘The Nut Behind the Wheel’ to ‘Moral Machines’: A Brief History of Auto Safety .” Shotts discusses some of the issues here:

What are the ethical issues we need to be thinking about in light of driverless cars?

This is a great example of the “trolley problem.” You have a situation where the car might have to make a decision to sacrifice the driver to save some other people, or sacrifice one pedestrian to save some other pedestrians. And there are more subtle versions of it. Say there are two motorcyclists, one is wearing a helmet and the other isn’t. If I want to minimize deaths, I should hit the one wearing the helmet, but that just doesn’t feel right.

These are all hypothetical situations that you have to code into what the car is going to do. You have to cover all these situations, and so you are making the ethical choice up front.

It’s an interesting philosophical question to think about. It may turn out that we’ll be fairly consequentialist about these things. If we can save five lives by taking one, we generally think that’s something that should be done in the abstract. But it is something that is hard for automakers to talk about because they have to use very precise language for liability reasons when they talk about lives saved or deaths.

What are the implications of having to make those ethical choices in advance?

Right now, we make those instinctive decisions as humans based on our psychology. And we make those decisions erroneously some of the time. We make mistakes, we mishandle the wheel. But we make gut decisions that might be less selfish than what we would do if we were programming our own car. One of the questions that comes up in class discussions is whether, as a driver, you should be able to program a degree of selfishness, making the car save the driver and passengers rather than people outside the car. Frankly, my answer would be very different if I were programming it for driving alone versus having my 7-year-old daughter in the car. If I have her in the car, I would be very, very selfish in my programming.

Who needs to be taking the lead on parsing these ethical questions — policymakers, the automotive industry, philosophers?

The reality is that a lot of it will be what the industry chooses to do. But then policymakers are going to have to step in at some point. And at some point, there are going to be liability questions.

There are also questions about breaking the law. The folks at the Center for Automotive Research at Stanford have pointed out that there are times when normal drivers do all sorts of illegal things that make us safer. You’re merging onto the highway and you go the speed of traffic, which is faster than the speed limit. Someone goes into your lane and you briefly swerve into an oncoming lane. In an autonomous vehicle, is the “driver” legally culpable for those things? Is the automaker legally culpable for it? How do you handle all of that? That’s going to need to be worked out. And I don’t know how it is going to be worked out, frankly. Just that it needs to be.

Are there any lessons to be learned from the history of auto safety that could help guide us?

Sometimes eliminating people’s choices is beneficial. When seatbelts were not mandatory in cars, they were not supplied in cars, and when they were not mandatory to be used, they were not used. Looking at cost-benefit analysis, seatbelts are incredibly cost effective at saving lives, as is stability control. There are real benefits to having things like that mandated so that people don’t have the choice not to buy them.

The liability system can also induce companies to include automated safety features. But that actually raises an interesting issue, which is that in the liability system, sins of commission are punished more severely than sins of omission. If you put in airbags and the airbag hurts someone, that’s a huge liability issue. Failing to put in the airbag and someone dies? Not as big of an issue. Similarly, suppose that with a self-driving car, a company installs safety features that are automated. They save a lot of lives, but some of the time they result in some deaths. That safety feature is going to get hit in the liability system, I would think.

What sort of regulatory thickets are driverless cars headed into?

When people talk about self-driving cars, a lot of the attention falls on the Google car driving itself completely. But this really is just a progression of automation, bit by bit by bit. Stability control and anti-lock brakes are self-driving–type features, and we’re just getting more and more of them. Google gets a lot of attention in Silicon Valley, but the traditional automakers are putting this into practice.

So you could imagine different platforms and standards around all this. For example, should this be a series of incremental moves or should it be a big jump all the way to a Google-style self-driving car? Setting up different regulatory regimes would favor one of those approaches over the other. I’m not sure whether it’s the right policy, but incremental moves could be a good policy. But it also would be really good from the perspective of the auto manufacturers, and less good from the perspective of Google. And it could be potentially to a company’s advantage if they could try to influence the direction that the standards go in a way that favors their technology. This is something that companies moving into this area have to think about strategically, in addition to thinking about the ethical stuff.

What other big ethical questions do you see coming down the road?

At some point, do individuals get banned from having the right to drive? It sounds really far-fetched now. Being able to hit the road and drive freely is a very American thing to do. It feels weird to take away something that feels central to a lot of people’s identity.

But there are precedents for it. The one that Neil Malhotra, one of my coauthors on this case, pointed out is building houses. This used to be something we all did for ourselves with no government oversight 150 years ago. That’s a very immediate thing — it’s your dwelling, your castle. But if you try to build a house in most of the United States nowadays, there are all sorts of rules for how you have to do the wiring, how wide this has to be, how thick that has to be. Every little detail is very, very tightly regulated. Basically, you can’t do it yourself unless you follow all those rules. We’ve taken that out of individuals’ hands because we viewed there were beneficial consequences of taking it out of individuals’ hands. That may well happen for cars.

Graphics sources: newyorkologist.org; oldcarbrocheres.com; National Museum of American History; Academy of Achievement; iStock/hxdbzxy; Reuters/Stephen Lam.

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IoT in Vehicles: Self Driving Car Project Proposal

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Self-Driving Cars

Jul 17, 2014

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Jessie Byrne 0182356 L. Keliher COMP 1631 January 27 th 2011. Self-Driving Cars. Define self-driving cars?. A self-driving car is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to another without the aid of a driver In other words, it uses an autopilot system to drive itself.

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Jessie Byrne 0182356 L. Keliher COMP 1631 January 27th 2011 Self-Driving Cars

Define self-driving cars? • A self-driving car is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to another without the aid of a driver • In other words, it uses an autopilot system to drive itself http://chrisescars.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/google-self-driving-car.jpg

A History of Self-Driving Cars Both of the vehicles used television cameras to see, but while the Cart was better at following white lines, the Shakey was better at avoiding prismatic objects. Neither car was ideal. Simple self driving cars have been around since before the 1980’s, starting with vehicles like the Stanford cart in 1961 and the Shakey in 1979. Both machines were powered by large mainframes doing about 250 000 calculations per second! http://ideonexus.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/shakey.jpg http://www.stanford.edu/~learnest/cart_files/image002.jpg

A History Continued- 1980’s The robotic cars of the 1980’s were introduced to the world by a man who was later compared to the Wright brothers. Ernst Dickmanns built cars at the Univeristy of Bundeswher Munich (UniBW) that had capabilities far beyond those of their predecessors. These vehicles used technology such as saccadic vision and parallel computers. The van that was developed reached a top speed of 60 miles an hour using vision guidance. These automobiles were the world’s first “real” robot cars. http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/robotcars.html

1994- A Breakthrough In 1994, the VAmP robot (a machine that relied on vision technology) was developed and used in a Mercedes Benz SEL at UniBW. The car was able to drive through Paris roadways, tracking 12 other vehicles at a time. It drove over 1000km in multi-lane traffic, at times reaching speeds of 130 km/h and automatically passing cars in the slower lanes. A year later, the car was able to drive 1678 km on public autobahns all the way from Munich to Denmark and back, at times reaching 180 km/h and passing slower cars- all without any human intervention.

DARPA DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) is an agency in the US the develops new technology that is usually employed by the military. http://www.digitaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/800px-DARPA_Logo.jpg

2005- DARPA Grand Challenge In 2005, DARPA began holding their now infamous Grand Challenge. The company invited teams to design an autonomous vehicle that was driven by a GPS system. The contestants would then race their vehicles across the desert, using pre-programmed checkpoints to guide their cars. The desert course was 211 kilometres long and cars were only allowed to go at a 40 km/h maximum speed.

FINISH 5 teams competed in the Grand Challenge and 4 of them completed the course under the 10 hour time limit. Standford’s Volkswagen was the winner and the team was awarded 2 million dollars. Carnegie Melon University’s two Hummers placed second and third. The Grey Team and OshKosh Truck came fourth and fifth respectively. 1 5 3 2 http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/robotcars.html 4

2006- Lexus http://gizmodo.com/196551/lexus-self-parking-car-video-and-review Lexus started manufacturing and selling cars that automatically parallel parked themselves in 2006. Using sensors and an Advanced Parking System Guidance mode, the car is able to sense the open space between two cars as it passes the parking spot. The car is able to steer itself into the space while the driver controls the acceleration and braking systems sensor

2007- DARPA Urban Challenge This event was similar to that of the Grand Challenge, except this time the teams were required to build cars that were capable of autonomously navigating through city traffic, performing maneuvers such as merging, passing, parking, and driving through intersections. The event was held in 2007. 11 teams competed including MIT, Stanford, Cornell, Virgina Tech and Carnegie Melon. http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/index.asp

In the end, it was Carnegie Melon’s “Boss” car that won, earning the team a 2 million dollar prize. Stanford followed in second place, with their Volkswagen “Junior” car, earning a prize of 1 million dollars http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/index.asp

2010- Audi Late last year, the Audi TTS became the world’s first autonomous vehicle to conquer the Pikes Peak course in Colorado; one of the most challenging driving courses in the world. The cars system is comprised of algorithms and the Java Real-Time System (a system that is able to respond to unpredictable occurrences) There are two computers located in the trunk, one runs the safety algorithms, while the other runs the vehicle dynamics algorithms. The calculus made by these computers is then inputted into the car’s GPS system. http://www.autoevolution.com/news/autonomous-audi-tts-explained-26860.html

2010- Google 2010 also marked the year that Google announced it had been developing self driving cars as well. The cars have logged over 140 000 miles, driving around San Francisco, Lake Tahoe and Santa Monica. http://chrisescars.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/google-self-driving-car.jpg

Why would Google make a car? http://news.boisell.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/self-driving-google-car1.jpg Google has to yet to reveal what they plan to do with their cars, but whatever it is, it will most likely be good business. The cars rely on data from Google, which is able to process mass amounts of information very quickly. The cars use video cameras, lasers, sensors, and detailed maps in order to drive. Watch The Google Car In Action! Click Here!

What does the future hold? So far, self driving cars do not seem to be too far out of our reach as consumers. Volvo has theorized a system known as a “road train.” There is a “lead vehicle” that guides the rest of the autonomous cars to wherever they want to go, while the drivers are free to do as they please until they reach their highway exit. http://www.autoevolution.com/news-image/volvo-self-driving-cars-ready-for-testing-26941-1.html

No fully autonomous system exists today, however with the advent of driver assistance technologies and experimental self-driving cars, who is to say that we are not far from a “supposedly” futuristic concept…

Bibliography DARPA “DARPA Urban Challenge” Accessed January 25th 2011 http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/index.asp DARPA “DARPA Grand Challenge” Accessed January 25th 2011 http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge05/ Diaz, Jesus “Autonomous Audi STT Scales Pikes Peak” GizModo Accessed January 25th 2011 http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2009/11/fully-autonomous-audi-tts-to-race-at-pikes-peak-rally-circuit/ Gage, Deborah “Google’s Self-Driving Car” SmartPlanet, Accessed January 25th 2011 http://www.smartplanet.com/technology/blog/thinking-tech/googles-self-driving-car/5445/ Lam, Brian “Lexus Self Parking Car Video and Review” GizModo, Accessed January 25th 2011 http://gizmodo.com/196551/lexus-self-parking-car-video-and-review Patrascu, Daniel “Volvo Self-Driving Cars Ready for Testing” AutoEvolution, Accessed January 24th 2011 http://www.autoevolution.com/news/volvo-self-driving-cars-ready-for-testing-26941.html Schmidhuber, J. “History of Self Driving Cars” Robot Cars, Accessed January 24th 2011 http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/robotcars.html

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Technology is growing at a rapid rate. The future is already upon us, and transportation as we know it will soon change. Contact car accident attorneys in San Francisco if you were involved in a car accident, and let them help you determine your caseu2019s full worth, as well as represent you in the best possible way. With their help, the compensation that you deserve is around the corner.

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Self-Driving Cars: Features and Benefits

Half a century ago self-driving cars were only a part of the sci-fi genre. But as technology progressed, the concepts that were once considered inconceivable are now nearing reality.

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10 Things You Might Not Know About Self-Driving Cars

By alyssa oursler | feb 10, 2016.

Cars have long been a symbol of freedom in American culture, but advances in technology promise to reshape exactly what that means. In coming years, cars could very well offer their "drivers" freedom from actually having to drive. Self-driving cars—also referred to as autonomous or driverless—can navigate without human input and could redefine transportation, cities, and countless tangential industries. While you’ve likely heard some chatter or watched a few YouTube videos about the technology, here are 10 things you may not know about driverless vehicles.<

1. WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT SELF-DRIVING CARS SINCE THE 1930S.

The buzz surrounding self-driving cars has been growing lately, but the idea is far from novel. At the 1939 World's Fair in New York, GM’s Futurama exhibit included driverless technology—and experts were sure it would be a reality by the 1960s. Clearly, we’re a little behind.

In 2004, for example, a driverless car challenge made headlines because no vehicles were able to complete it. Tech and auto companies alike are optimistic that the time is near, though. Google is aiming to commercialize its self-driving cars by 2020, Elon Musk says Tesla should have a fully autonomous vehicle complete within two years, and experts expect the technology to be commonplace (and actually affordable to the average American) by 2040.

2. IN 2015, A CAR SUCCESSFULLY DROVE ITSELF ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

Auto supplier Delphi, which flies pretty under the radar compared to companies like Google and Tesla, showed off its driverless Audi last year. The Roadrunner drove from San Francisco to New York City, navigating 15 states and 3400 miles over the course of nine days. While a driver was behind the wheel just in case, the car reportedly tackled 99 percent of the trip .

3. YOUR CAR MAY ALREADY HAVE SOME SELF-DRIVING FEATURES.

While fully driverless technology isn't yet a reality for most of us, the line between standard cars and self-driving ones is blurring. More automakers are equipping models with the sensors, GPS, radar and laser technologies that enable automation; 10 million cars with self-driving features are expected to be on the road by 2020.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Association breaks out several levels of autonomous vehicles . In a nutshell, level zero has no automation while level four would actually turn a driver into a totally passive passenger.

On the spectrum are function-specific features like automatic breaking, lane keeping, and cruise control, considered level one. General Motors is set to offer a level two feature —meaning at least two function-specific automations work together—in its 2017 models. And level three means the driver can cede full control of the car in certain conditions, but must be occasionally available to take the wheel.

4. THE TECHNOLOGY ISN'T JUST FOR CARS.

GPS and sensor technology is being applied to tractors, mining trucks, cargo trucks, and more. Autonomous agriculture systems, which include self-driving tractors, have been in use since 2011, while two mines in Australia have been transporting all their goods with self-driving trucks since late last year.

Cargo trucks, which are aiming for level three automation, are at the forefront of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) technology. That’s when sensors between trucks communicate. The prominent application is platooning, which is when several trucks follow one another from a safe but close distance, dramatically improving fuel efficiency.

5. GOOGLE CURRENTLY HAS MORE THAN 50 SELF-DRIVING CARS ON THE ROAD.

The company's fleet [ PDF ] includes 22 Lexus SUVs fully equipped with autonomous technology and 33 smaller self-driving prototypes. These self-driving vehicles can be spotted on public streets in Mountain View and Austin, and have driven 1.4 million automated miles.

6. ORIGINALLY, GOOGLE'S SELF-DRIVING CARS WEREN'T GOING TO HAVE STEERING WHEELS .

When Google first announced its plans , project director Chris Urmson said the cars wouldn’t "have a steering wheel, accelerator pedal or brake pedal ... because they don't need them."

It seemed like those plans would have to change when the California DMV released draft rules requiring a steering wheel, brake pedal, and licensed operator. But some progress was made just this week.

Earlier this month, the National Highway Safety Association approved Google’s proposal for a car with “ no need for a human driver .” While it said many regulations will have to be rewritten to address specific requirements—such as the need for and placement of a steering wheel and other controls—the ruling is seen as a huge step forward for the fully autonomous vehicles Urmson and his team are working toward.

7. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WANTS TO DROP $4 BILLION TO MAKE SELF-DRIVING CARS A REALITY.

Still, r egulatory hurdles are expected to be one of the biggest bottlenecks to the adoption of driverless cars, especially considering variation between states. But the federal government is trying to front run that problem: Besides the NHTSA’s promising response to Google, the most recent budget proposal included proposed spending $4 billion over the next decade to test the technology and fast-track the creation of a regulatory framework.

The government is likely chomping at the bit to iron out the kinks since driverless technology promises to reduce carbon emissions, traffic congestion and car accidents.

8. MOST ACCIDENTS INVOLVING DRIVERLESS CARS HAVE BEEN A HUMAN'S FAULT.

All accidents involving Google’s driverless cars have been the result of human error; the first reported accident took place when a human-driven car rear-ended the driverless one. In fact, advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles are expected to reduce crashes by 90 percent. But they're not always successful. On March 17, 2018, one of Uber's driverless cars struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona.

9. SELF-DRIVING CARS COULD SAVE YOU $1000 ON CAR INSURANCE.

Based on Google’s no-fault history, insurance company MetroMile calculated that annual car insurance for a self-driving car would cost just $250. Director Jason Foucher added that, in a future where all vehicles on the road were fully autonomous, the car manufacturer would likely offer blanket product liability coverage, with the cost of insurance, repairs and warranty included in the purchase or lease price.

10. THE TECHNOLOGY IS BRINGING BACK AGE-OLD ETHICAL DEBATES.

The programming of autonomous vehicles is raising philosophical questions, the most popular of which is called “ The Trolley Problem .” The debate is centered on worst-case scenarios: Should a self-driving car be programmed to protect the driver at all costs, or to do the least amount of damage possible?

Dr. Gregory Pence, a university philosophy chair, believes it’s unlikely a car can actually be programmed to handle all scenarios and make such a decision even if the debate were settled. But he stressed that such ethical questions still need to be considered early on in the creation and adoption of new technologies like autonomous vehicles.

Additional Sources: Digital Destiny: How the New Age of Data Will Transform the Way We Work, Live, and Communicate

Drivers Daily

Everything You Need To Know About Self-Driving Cars

Posted: March 25, 2024 | Last updated: March 25, 2024

With autonomous vehicles like the Tesla Model S and Cadillac Escalade, it seems like automotive dreams of our favorite sci-fi media have come to fruition. 

But how exactly do these cars work? Are they truly self-driving? And most importantly,  are they safe? Let’s find out.

What Is An Autonomous Vehicle?

A broad definition of an autonomous vehicle would be a vehicle that has technology to sense driving conditions  like pedestrians and traffic while also enabling the car to change speed or course without being controlled by a person. 

Autonomous vehicles are also called self-driving vehicles.

How Does It Work?

Self-driving cars can sense what’s happening around them with three main features: radar, cameras, and laser-based light detection (LiDar) . 

These three features act like eyes for the car and they send data to sophisticated on-board processors and software, which tells the car how to react.

How Does It Work? (cont’d)

The sensors can detect a wide range of things, like curbs, pedestrians, and even lane markings. 

Sensors on autonomous cars can be great safety features, but they aren’t foolproof. Certain weather conditions like snow or rain can diminish how effectively the car can sense lane markings or curbs.

SAE International’s Definition

While there are several cars on the market that have self-driving features, the world has yet to see a fully autonomous vehicle.

 According to SAE International, one of the world’s leading organizations of automotive engineers, there are six different levels of autonomous driving , and only the final level is truly self-driving.

Levels 0 to 2 are driver support features and lack the sophistication of higher levels that are deemed to have self-driving capabilities. 

At Level 0, the car may have features like lane departure warnings and a blind-spot alert system, but the driver is in full control of how the car reacts to its surroundings.

Cars at Level 1 may have responsive safety features that are slightly autonomous. For example, some cars are equipped with a lane-keeping system that will center the car if the driver is veering too much to one side.

Most new cars are equipped with Level 2 autonomous features. At Level 2, the tech features of the car communicate with each other, and can also support simultaneous active features. 

Adaptive cruise control i s an example of Level 2 technology, as it can adjust the car’s speed to maintain a specific distance from the driver ahead while also keeping the car in the center of the lane.

Level 2 (cont’d)

Most new cars that boast self-driving technology are classified as Level 2. Tesla’s Full Self-Driving and General Motor’s Super Cruise are Level 2 autonomous tech. 

While these systems are incredibly responsive, drivers still need to be focused on the road when using these features and be ready to re-take control of the vehicle at any moment.

At Level 3, a vehicle starts to become fully autonomous. A Level 3 autonomous car is able to drive itself under certain conditions . 

These cars can sense curves in the road, control speed and steering, and follow a specified route. However, even with this improved responsiveness, drivers still need to be alert and ready to take control.

Level 3 (cont’d)

Honda and Mercedes are the only companies that have created Level 3 autonomous driving technology. 

Honda was the first to up the ante with their 100 Legend Flagship. Unveiled in 2021, this car can only be leased in Japan.

Mercedes-Benz is the only automaker to offer Level 3 autonomous driving features in America. Their Drive Pilot system will be rolled out in California and Nevada and will be available in the 2024 S-Class and EQS Sedan. 

The system can control driving up to a certain speed, allowing drivers to take their eyes off the road and focus on something else, like watching a movie.

At Level 4, a car can drive itself on a specified route on known roads. The driver doesn’t have to retake control at any time, so these cars often lack  foot pedals or steering wheels .

Right now, Level 4 autonomous driving technology is being tested in certain rideshare companies, but it has yet to be approved for extensive use.

Level 5 is the final point of evolution for self-driving cars. These cars can drive themselves on any road, in any conditions, and don’t require any driver input. They have no need for steering wheel or pedals. 

Level 5 is the stuff of sci-fi, and as of now, any Level 5 autonomous driving systems are purely theoretical.

Self-Driving Cars In The Real World

Though they’re not quite at Level 3, some companies use fleets of trucks that are self-driving . These trucks often have a “safety driver” on board but some have no driver at all. 

While many of these trucks are restricted to warehouse grounds, some are used to transport goods on major roads.

Self-Driving Cars In The Real World (cont’d)

Gatik and Kodiak Robotics are two companies that use self-driving trucks on certain routes. While they hope to soon run the trucks without a safety driver, the lack of human control in today’s self-driving cars isn’t without risk.

Is Self-Driving Technology Safe?

While autonomous driving features are reliable for the most part, there have been serious cases of this tech going wrong. 

Most recently, Tesla had to recall more than 2 million vehicles  after their autopilot software was deemed unsafe by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Is Self-Driving Technology Safe? (cont’d)

Tesla isn’t the only company to suffer a setback because of faulty autonomous software. 

One of General Motors’ subsidiaries, Cruise, had to put a pause on making their self-driving cars, after one was involved in an accident with a pedestrian.

They're Not Going Anywhere

Despite the recent safety incidents, self-driving cars are here to stay. May Mobility recently unveiled a new transit service that uses fully autonomous cars. 

The service is only available in Arizona, but their fleet of self-driving Toyota minivans has proven to be safe and effective—even with no safety driver onboard .

Andrey_Popov, Shutterstock

Advantages Of Self-Driving Cars (cont’d)

According to the National High Traffic Safety Administration, today’s self-driving cars do help reduce traffic congestion and accidents . 

That's because the automated driver assistance system (ADAS) in many new cars helps drivers anticipate imminent threats and work to avoid them.

Self-driving cars are also a great option for people who can’t drive, such as the elderly or those with disabilities. 

Autonomous vehicles offer more mobility than conventional public transportation, making it easier for people to run errands and get to important appointments.

Environmental Considerations

In addition to less congestion, autonomous vehicles can also benefit the environment. 

A study from the University of Michigan showed that self-driving vehicles  reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions  by up to 9%, when compared with traditional cars.

New Cars With Self-Driving Technology

Pretty much all new cars feature autonomous driver assistance software, like adaptive cruise control or automatic emergency braking. 

However, the most sophisticated Level 2 self-driving features can be found in vehicles from Ford, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, and Tesla.

Ford BlueCruise

BlueCruise is available in most new Fords and Lincolns and wowed consumers with its adaptive cruise control with lane-keeping technology. With this system, drivers can temporarily take their hand off the wheel, but they should still keep their eyes on the road ahead.

Ford BlueCruise (cont’d)

With BlueCruise, drivers can  pre-map more than 100,000 miles of road in the car’s system, which helps with navigation. The software notifies drivers when it can be activated and can automatically steer the car. 

Buyers will have to purchase a three-year subscription for BlueCruise—and get the right trim to use the software.

General Motors Super Cruise

The lane-keeping system that’s part of the Super Cruise software is smart enough to handle curves in the road and features an automatic braking system that can prevent collisions. 

The software still requires drivers to focus on the road, and even has a monitoring system to watch your eyes and alert you if you’re not paying enough attention to the road.

General Motors Super Cruise (cont’d)

Super Cruise is available on several electric vehicles, like the Chevy Bolt, and on several Cadillac vehicles, including the 2024 Escalade. The first three years of the software are free, before requiring a subscription. 

200,000 miles of North American roads are pre-mapped into the system by General Motors.

Mercedes-Benz Distronic Plus

The Distronic Plus is one of the more thrilling adaptive cruise control and lane-centering systems. Unlike other systems, it can handle high speeds,  up to 120 mph , and will warn drivers if they’re about to be passed by another vehicle. 

Many new additions to the Mercedes-Benz lineup also feature Parktronic software, which uses driver input to help the car self-park.

Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot

Recently, Mercedes-Benz unveiled their Drive Pilot system. Up to certain speeds, this Level 3 autonomous driving software can completely take over from the driver , allowing them to take their eyes off the road. 

The software will be available by subscription in the 2024 S-Class and EQS sedan.

Tesla Autopilot

Tesla has long been a pioneer when it comes to self-driving cars. Their Autopilot software is a standard feature on all new models and uses an awareness of surrounding traffic to slow or accelerate the car to match the flow of traffic. 

This is much like most other Level 2 systems, but this software can be upgraded to include Full Self-Driving.

Tesla Full Self-Driving

With Full Self-Driving, the car can change lanes at high speeds, park itself, and back out of a parking space. There’s also an upgrade in development that would allow the car to automatically stop for traffic lights and navigate highway ramps. 

Tesla’s Full Sel-Driving software was recently recalled, but the company has corrected the problems that were outlined by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,

The Future Of Self-Driving Cars

According to consumer data, the interest in autonomous vehicles is steadily growing—and people are willing to shell out big bucks for these features. 

By 2035, autonomous driving software is expected to be a  $300 billion industry . By 2030, we can expect to see more passenger cars with Level 3 capabilities, or higher.

Final Thoughts

Self-driving cars are here to stay, but despite their popularity, advances in autonomous driving software are still really slow. 

What we can achieve with the current Level 2 software has shown amazing benefits like increasing mobility for certain members of the population and reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. But it’ll still be a while before we can fully relinquish control of our cars.

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Child pedestrians, self-driving vehicles: What's the safest scenario for crossing the road?

Researchers say clear, later-timed signals on cars provide safest outcomes.

Crossing a busy street safely typically is a result of a social exchange. Pedestrians look for cues -- a wave, a head nod, a winking flash of the headlights, and, of course, a full vehicle stop -- to know it's safe to cross.

But those clues could be absent or different with self-driving vehicles. How will children and adults know when it's safe to cross the road?

In a new study, University of Iowa researchers investigated how pre-teenage children determined when it was safe to cross a residential street with oncoming self-driving cars. The researchers found children made the safest choices when self-driving cars indicated via a green light on top of the vehicle that it was safe to cross when the vehicle arrived at the intersection, then stopped. When self-driving cars turned on the green light farther away from the crossing point -- and even when they slowed down -- children engaged in riskier intersection crossings, the researchers learned.

"Children exhibited much safer behavior when the light turned green later," says Jodie Plumert, professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the study's senior author. "They seemed to treat it like a walk light and waited for that light to come on before starting to cross. Our recommendation, then, for autonomous vehicle design is that their signals should turn on when the car comes to a stop, but not before."

The difference in the timing of the green light signal from the self-driving car is important: Children are inclined to use the light as the vehicle's clearance to go ahead and cross, trusting that it will stop as it gets closer to the intersection. But as Plumert and co-author Elizabeth O'Neal point out, that could invite peril.

"This could be dangerous if the car for some reason does not stop, though pedestrians will have the benefit of getting across the road sooner," says Plumert, who is the Russell B. and Florence D. Day Chair in Liberal Arts and Sciences.

"So, even though it may be tempting to make the traffic flow more efficient by having these signals come on early, it's probably pretty dangerous for kids in particular," adds O'Neal , assistant professor in the Department of Community and Behavioral Health and the study's corresponding author.

Some may see self-driving vehicles as a futuristic technology, but they are operating right now in American cities. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety projects there will be 3.5 million vehicles with self-driving functionality on U.S. roads by next year, and 4.5 million by 2030. This year, an autonomous-vehicle taxi service, called Waymo One, will operate in four cities, including new routes in Los Angeles and Austin, Texas.

This comes as pedestrian deaths from motor vehicles remains a serious concern. According to the Governors Highway Safety Association, more than 7,500 pedestrians were killed by drivers in 2022, a 40-year high.

"The fact is drivers don't always come to a complete stop, even with stop signs," notes Plumert, who has studied vehicle-pedestrian interactions since 2012. "People are running stop signs all the time. Sometimes drivers don't see people. Sometimes they're just spacing out."

The researchers aimed to understand how children respond to two different cues from self-driving cars when deciding when to cross a road: gradual versus a sudden (later) slowing; and the distance from the crossing point when a green light signal atop the vehicle was activated. The researchers placed nearly 100 children ages 8 to 12 in a realistic simulated environment and asked them to cross one lane of a road with oncoming driverless vehicles. The crossings took place in an immersive, 3D interactive space at the Hank Virtual Environments Lab on the UI campus.

Researchers observed and recorded the children's crossing actions and spoke with them after the sessions to learn more about how they responded to the green light signaling and the timing of the vehicle slowing.

One major difference in crossing behavior: When the car's green light turned on farther away from the crossing point, child participants entered the intersection on average 1.5 seconds sooner than the kids whose scenario included the light coming on later and the vehicle had stopped at the crossing point.

"That time difference is actually quite significant," Plumert notes. "A green light signal that flashes early is potentially dangerous because kids and even adults will use it as a cue to begin crossing, trusting that the car is going to come to a stop."

The results build on findings published in 2017 by Plumert and O'Neal that children up to their early teenage years had difficulty consistently crossing a street safely in a virtual environment, with accident rates as high as 8% with 6-year-olds.

That danger underscores the need for clear, easy-to-understand signaling to children from self-driving vehicles, the researchers say. Researchers are testing various communicative signals, including flashing lights, projecting eyes on the windshield, splashing racer stripes on the edge of the windshield, and written words (like walk/don't walk).

"All have some utility, but children are a special case," says O'Neal, who earned a doctorate in psychology at Iowa in 2018 and had been working as a postdoctoral researcher in Plumert's lab before joining the faculty in the College of Public Health. "They may not always be able to incorporate a flashing light or a racing light to indicate that it's slowing or that it's going to yield to you."

Children naturally understood signaling using a green light and a red light, the researchers found. But timing is critical, they learned.

"We think vehicle manufacturers should not consider the idea of turning the light on early or having the signal present early," Plumert says, "because people will definitely use that, and they'll get out there in front of the approaching vehicle. People hate to wait."

The study is titled, "Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: How child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics." It published online on April 24 in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention .

Lakshmi Subramanian, who earned a doctorate from Iowa and now is at Kean University in New Jersey, shares first authorship on the study. Joseph Kearney, professor emeritus in the Department of Computer Science, is a senior author. Contributing authors include Nam-Yoon Kim and Megan Noonan in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.

The U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Transportation funded the research.

• Educational Technology
• Video Games
• Virtual Reality
• Transportation Issues
• Energy Issues
• Public Health
• STEM Education
• Road-traffic safety
• Early childhood education
• Traffic engineering (transportation)
• Alternative fuel vehicle
• Supercomputer
• Automobile safety
• History of computing hardware
• Automobile emissions control

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Iowa . Original written by Richard Lewis. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Lakshmi Devi Subramanian, Elizabeth E. O'Neal, Nam-Yoon Kim, Megan Noonan, Jodie M. Plumert, Joseph K. Kearney. Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: How child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics . Accident Analysis & Prevention , 2024; 202: 107567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107567

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Tesla cuts the price of its “Full Self Driving” system by a third to $8,000

FILE - A Tesla charging station is seen, Sept. 28, 2023, in Woodstock, Ga. Tesla knocked roughly a third off the price of its “Full Self Driving” system, which can’t drive itself and so drivers must remain alert and be ready to intervene, to $8,000 from $12,000, according to the company website. (AP Photo/Mike Stewart, File)

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NEW YORK (AP) — Tesla knocked roughly a third off the price of its “Full Self Driving” system — which can’t drive itself and so drivers must remain alert and be ready to intervene — to $8,000 from $12,000, according to the company website.

Tesla CEO and billionaire Elon Musk promised in 2019 that there would be a fleet of robotaxis on the road in 2020, but the promise has yet to materialize, and the system still has to be supervised by humans.

The cuts, which occurred on Saturday, follow Tesla’s moves to slash $2,000 off the prices of three of its five models in the United States late Friday. That’s the latest evidence of the challenges facing the electric vehicle maker.

Tesla reduced the prices of the Model Y, a small SUV which is Tesla’s most popular model and the top-selling electric vehicle in the U.S., and also of the Models X and S, its older and more expensive models. Prices for the Model 3 sedan and the Cybertruck stayed the same.

The price reduction came the day after Tesla’s stock dropped below $150 per share , wiping out all gains made over the past year. The Austin, Texas , company’s stock price has dropped about 40% so far this year amid falling sales and increased competition. Discounted sticker prices are a way to try to entice more car buyers.

1st self-driving car that 'lets you take your eyes off the road' goes on sale in the US — and it's not a Tesla

Mercedes-Benz has sold at least one of its new vehicles fitted with its Drive Pilot autonomous driving software, which lets you take your hands off the steering wheel and your eyes off the road.

The first "level 3" self-driving car has gone on sale in the U.S. — almost a year after Mercedes-Benz received the green light to sell vehicles fitted with its autopilot software, dubbed "Drive Pilot."

At least one level 3 autonomous vehicle has now been sold in North America, based on information from California's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), Fortune reported. This was among 65 vehicles for sale in the state.

All vehicles are classified according to a six-level scale developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) — where level 0 is fully manual and level 5 is fully autonomous with zero human input required.

Most of the self-driving cars on the road today are level 1 or level 2. This means they offer "driver support" features, including automatic emergency braking, blind spot warning, lane centering and adaptive cruise control. 

Related: 'White hat hackers' carjacked a Tesla using cheap, legal hardware — exposing major security flaws in the vehicle

But while these support features are active, the driver remains in control of the vehicle and must constantly supervise them.

In level 3 self-driving vehicles — like cars fitted with Mercedes-Benz's Drive Pilot system — the person in the driver's seat would not actively need to drive the car while the automated driving features are engaged.

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These could be deployed in certain situations, such as when navigating traffic on the freeway. Drive Pilot takes control of the vehicle, meaning the driver can take their eyes off the road and their hands off the steering wheel, according to a promotional video

The first two level-3 cars to be greenlit for sale in the U.S. are Drive Pilot-enabled Mercedes-Benz's S-Class and EQS Sedan models, which are available in California and Nevada only — because these are the only states to have awarded the company the certification.

The company was initially awarded SAE level 3 in January 2023 , becoming the first automaker to receive such certification. Other manufacturers are working on similar technology, including BMW in its 7 Series vehicles .

Keumars is the technology editor at Live Science. He has written for a variety of publications including ITPro, The Week Digital, ComputerActive, The Independent, The Observer, Metro and TechRadar Pro. He has worked as a technology journalist for more than five years, having previously held the role of features editor with ITPro. He is an NCTJ-qualified journalist and has a degree in biomedical sciences from Queen Mary, University of London. He's also registered as a foundational chartered manager with the Chartered Management Institute (CMI), having qualified as a Level 3 Team leader with distinction in 2023.

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Powerpoint Templates and Google slides for Self Driving Cars

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Deliver a credible and compelling presentation by deploying this Self Driving Car Powerpoint Ppt Template Bundles. Intensify your message with the right graphics, images, icons, etc. presented in this complete deck. This PPT template is a great starting point to convey your messages and build a good collaboration. The Twenty four slides added to this PowerPoint slideshow helps you present a thorough explanation of the topic. You can use it to study and present various kinds of information in the form of stats, figures, data charts, and many more. This Self Driving Car Powerpoint Ppt Template Bundles PPT slideshow is available for use in standard and widescreen aspects ratios. So, you can use it as per your convenience. Apart from this, it can be downloaded in PNG, JPG, and PDF formats, all completely editable and modifiable. The most profound feature of this PPT design is that it is fully compatible with Google Slides making it suitable for every industry and business domain.

Presenting Self-Driving and Parking Vehicles using Artificial Intelligence. These slides are 100 percent made in PowerPoint and are compatible with all screen types and monitors. They also support Google Slides. Premium Customer Support is available. Suitable for use by managers, employees, and organizations. These slides are easily customizable. You can edit the color, text, icon, and font size to suit your requirements.

This slide covers a thorough assessment of the transportation industry in addition to its market trends. Its purpose is to highlight major market trends driving growth such as self driving trucks and accessibility to underserved areas.Present the topic in a bit more detail with this Market Trends Self Driving Trucks And Accessibility Transportation Business Plan BP SS Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Efficient Movement, Detect Pedestrians, Combination Software This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

This slide represents figures emphasizing self-driving car consumer issues. It aims to emphasizing need for transparent regulations and robust safety standards to address consumer reservations in rapidly advancing automotive landscape. It includes various elements such as hacking concerns, unfamiliarity with technology, etc. Introducing our Statistics Highlighting Consumer Concerns For Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Security Assurances,Self Driving. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

Presenting our Self Driving Car Human In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb PowerPoint template design. This PowerPoint slide showcases three stages. It is useful to share insightful information on Self Driving Car Human This PPT slide can be easily accessed in standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also available in various formats like PDF, PNG, and JPG. Not only this, the PowerPoint slideshow is completely editable and you can effortlessly modify the font size, font type, and shapes according to your wish. Our PPT layout is compatible with Google Slides as well, so download and edit it as per your knowledge.

The purpose of this slide is to highlight importance of edge computing in Artificial Internet of Things AIoT. The slide cover information about reduced latency, bandwidth optimization, and improving data security and privacy. Present the topic in a bit more detail with this Self Driving Car Framework Using Aiot Technology Unlocking Potential Of Aiot IoT SS. Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Short Range Detection, Long Range Detection. This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

Presenting our well structured IOT Transportation Icon For Self Driving Car. The topics discussed in this slide are Iot Transportation, Self Driving Car.This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

Presenting our Ford Self Driving Technology In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb PowerPoint template design. This PowerPoint slide showcases four stages. It is useful to share insightful information on Ford Self Driving Technology This PPT slide can be easily accessed in standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also available in various formats like PDF, PNG, and JPG. Not only this, the PowerPoint slideshow is completely editable and you can effortlessly modify the font size, font type, and shapes according to your wish. Our PPT layout is compatible with Google Slides as well, so download and edit it as per your knowledge.

This slide showcases case study of Volkswagen self driving car project, aiming to reduce accidents and increase safety. It provides details about challenges, solutions, outcome, latency, cloud, real time decisions, etc. Introducing Edge Computing Technology Case Study Volkswagen And Self Driving Car Project AI SS to increase your presentation threshold. Encompassed with three stages, this template is a great option to educate and entice your audience. Dispence information on Volkswagen Self Driving, Challenges, Latency, Cloud, Real Time Decisions, using this template. Grab it now to reap its full benefits.

Presenting our Self Driving Cars Safety Statistics In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb PowerPoint template design. This PowerPoint slide showcases four stages. It is useful to share insightful information on Self Driving Cars Safety Statistics This PPT slide can be easily accessed in standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also available in various formats like PDF, PNG, and JPG. Not only this, the PowerPoint slideshow is completely editable and you can effortlessly modify the font size, font type, and shapes according to your wish. Our PPT layout is compatible with Google Slides as well, so download and edit it as per your knowledge.

This slide showcases framework of autonomous system operation to analyze process of automation in an organization. It includes analyze, plan, monitor, execute, slow control and fast control loops, etc. Introducing our Autonomous Operation Icon Showcasing Self Driving Car set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Autonomous Operation, Showcasing Self Driving. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide showcases the architecture of ECU Electronic Control Unit in autonomous driving to enhance vehicle control for a secure and pleasant experience. It includes cloud, communications, central gateway unit, ADADAS domain, etc. Present the topic in a bit more detail with this Smart Automation Robotics Self Driving Vehicles Architecture Of Ecu To Optimize Driving RB SS Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Communication, Central Gateway Unit, Powertrain Domain This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

Presenting Self Driving Technology Processor In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase four stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Self Driving Technology Processor. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting Self Driving Vehicle Operator In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase four stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Self Driving Vehicle Operator. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Following slide showcases implementation of autonomous tractors for field harvesting and irrigation that improves food security and management. It covers elements such as overview, applications and benefits. Present the topic in a bit more detail with this IoT Solutions For Transforming Food Self Driving Tractors For Smart Farming IoT SS. Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Weeding And Pest Control, Data Collection And Analytics, Precision Agriculture, Automated Control Systems . This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

This slide shows forecasted features for upcoming electric cars as compared to current state in market at global level. It includes features such as car range, cost structure and charging infrastructure, etc. Increase audience engagement and knowledge by dispensing information using A Complete Guide To Electric Development Of Self Driving Ev Integrations. This template helps you present information on five stages. You can also present information on Advanced Sensor Technology, Fleet Management Systems, Self Driving EV Integrations using this PPT design. This layout is completely editable so personaize it now to meet your audiences expectations.

This slide represents implications of self-driving automobiles in various sectors. It aims to transform transportation, logistics, and various sectors, ushering in new era of efficiency and convenience. It includes various constituents such as trucking, logistics, etc. Introducing our Applications Of Self Driving Cars Across Industries set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Trucking,Logistics,Heavy Machinery. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents stages of automation in self-driving cars. It aims to monitor advancements in self-driving cars technology, laws, regulations, and environmental implications in order to help make transportation cleaner and safer. It includes various levels and features. Presenting our well structured Automation Levels In Self Driving Cars. The topics discussed in this slide are Automation Level,Human Driver Requirement,Speed Control,Control Steering. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

This slide represents automated characteristics in self-driving cars. It aims to enhance safety, efficiency, and overall driving experience. It includes various features such as adaptive cruise control, autonomous lane change, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Autonomous Features In Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Five stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Adaptive Cruise Control,Autonomous Lane Change,Parking Assist,Emergency Brake,Autonomous Navigation.

This slide represents checklist to evaluate key considerations before employing self-driving cars. It aims to formulate checklist for self-driving car to minimize all unnatural disruptions and keep journey relaxing. It includes various factors such as checking hired car damages, rental car tax receipt, etc. Introducing our Checklist To Analyze Factors Before Renting Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Rental Car Tax Receipt,Automobile Rental Or Hiring,Perform Google Search,Browse Websites,Online Office Locations. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents comparison between regular and autonomous cars. It aims to ensure safer and more efficient transportation by distinguishing various constituents such as terminology, technology, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Comparative Analysis Of Regular And Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Three stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Terminology,Technology,Autonomy,Safety.

This slide represents sensor kinds in self-driving automobiles evaluation. It aims to use combination of sensors to integrate data from multiple sensors for effective decision-making capabilities. It includes various elements such as camera, lidar, etc. Introducing our Comprehensive Differentiation Of Self Driving Cars Sensor Types set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Cost,Illumination,Rang,Resolution,Weather,Tracking Of Velocity. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents self-driving automobiles with decision-making capabilities. It aims to make intellectual decisions, enhancing safety, efficiency, and overall user experience. It includes various features such as object detection, sensor feedback, etc. Presenting our well structured Decision Enabled Features In Self Driving Cars. The topics discussed in this slide are Object Detection,Emergency Maneuvers,Sensor Feedback,Computer Vision. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

This slide represents recent developments in self driving cars. It aims to reflect evolving landscape of self-driving cars with ongoing efforts to improve technology, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks. It includes various trends such as sensor technology, enhanced safety, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Emerging Trends In Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Five stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Sensor Technology,Enhanced Safety,Connectivity And Communication,High Definition Mapping.

This slide represents elements influencing self-driving car purchases. It aims to evaluate effectiveness of autonomous systems in preventing accidents and ensuring passenger well-being. It includes several elements such as interior design, safety features, etc. Introducing our Factors Affecting Purchase Decision Of Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Interior Design,Safety Features,Commuting Period,Time Spent In Autonomous Cars. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

Presenting our well structured Icon For Artificial Intelligence In Self Driving Cars. The topics discussed in this slide are Icon For Artificial Intelligence,Self-Driving Cars. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

This slide represents essential indicators for determining economic and budgetary effect of self-driving automobiles. It aims to gain insights into evolving economic and fiscal landscape influenced by integration of self-driving cars. It includes various elements such as key metrics, economic impact, etc. Introducing our Key Metrics To Identify Economic And Fiscal Impact Of Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Empty Vehicle Miles,Latent Demand,Collision Cost,Changes To Vehicle Fleet. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents essential innovations in autonomous cars. It aims to identify technologies such as Lidar, radar, and cameras which enable vehicles to perceive surroundings, detecting obstacles, pedestrians, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Key Technologies Used In Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Four stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Pricing,Features,Traffic Lights.

This slide represents machine learning algorithms and tips in self driving cars. It aims to empower self-driving cars to make decisions and train machine learning algorithms based on real-life datasets. It includes various approaches such as algorithms with supervision, unsupervised algorithms, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Machine Learning Technique In Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Five stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Algorithms With Supervision,Unsupervised Algorithms,Regression Algorithms,Boosting Algorithms,Classification Algorithms.

This slide represents key leaders in autonomous cars space. It aims to distinguish various players in driverless car space to incorporate cars into city-wide networks. It includes various components such as major players, features, pricing and total number of crashes reported. Introducing our Major Players In Self Driving Cars Space set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Players,Pricing,Reported Crashes. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents self driving cars operating systems. It aims to the integration of sensors and control systems establishing technological backbone for safe and efficient autonomous vehicle operation. It includes various constituents such as Neutrino QNX, Interity, etc. Presenting our well structured Operating Systems Used In Self Driving Cars. The topics discussed in this slide are Neutrino QNX,Vxworks By Windriver,Alpha Driverworks,Interity,Mentor Nucleus OS. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

This slide represents summary of national legislation concerned with driverless cars. It aims to allow operation of autonomous vehicles on public roads by individuals with lawful driver license. It includes various components such as regulation, responsibility, etc. across various nations. Introducing our Overview Of National Legislation On Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Regulation,Responsibility,Driver In Control,Ethical Notions. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

Presenting our well structured Self Driving Cars Icon For Disabled Persons. The topics discussed in this slide are Self Driving Cars Icon,Disabled Persons. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

Presenting our set of slides with name Self Driving Cars Icon To Enable Contactless Delivery Real Time Communication. This exhibits information on Three stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Self Driving Cars Icon,Enable Contactless Delivery,Real-Time Communication.

This slide represents self driving cars software framework. It aims to integrate components seamlessly, creating robust and reliable system capable of handling complexities of autonomous driving. Introducing our Software Architecture Of Self Driving Cars set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Route Planning,Behavioral Planning,Motion Planning,Control. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

This slide represents strategies to address difficulties associated with operating self-driving cars. It aims to approach challenges collaboratively, involving various stakeholders to create safe and sustainable autonomous future. It includes various elements such as challenges, solutions and impact. Presenting our well structured Solutions To Overcome Challenges Involved In Operating Self Driving Cars. The topics discussed in this slide are Environment,Remote Updates,Road Safety,Autonomous Driving Experience,Real Time Road Situation. This is an instantly available PowerPoint presentation that can be edited conveniently. Download it right away and captivate your audience.

This slide represents AI applications in autonomous cars. It aims to create sophisticated and capable autonomous driving system, addressing various challenges associated with navigating complex and dynamic environments. It includes several use cases such as pedestrian detection, traffic flow analysis, etc. Presenting our set of slides with name Use Cases Of AI In Self Driving Cars. This exhibits information on Five stages of the process. This is an easy to edit and innovatively designed PowerPoint template. So download immediately and highlight information on Pedestrian Detection,Traffic Flow Analysis,Automated License Plate Recognition,Road Condition Monitoring.

The following slide showcases self-driving and autonomous vehicles for logistics. It contains details about driver assistance, partial automation, conditional automation, fully automatic, autonomous vehicles, driverless trucks, last mile delivery rover, etc. Present the topic in a bit more detail with this Self Driving And Autonomous Vehicles For Logistics Enabling Smart Shipping And Logistics Through Iot. Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Improves Transportation, Increases Service, Reduces Shipping. This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

Introducing our Self Driving Truck In Telematics System Icon set of slides. The topics discussed in these slides are Functionalities, Performance, Telematics System. This is an immediately available PowerPoint presentation that can be conveniently customized. Download it and convince your audience.

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This slide consist of a journey roadmap of implementation of automation in cars and they plans for the further development. It consist of different level from which automation process started and reached now. Introducing our premium set of slides with Retailers Strategies And Action Plan For The Future. Ellicudate the five stages and present information using this PPT slide. This is a completely adaptable PowerPoint template design that can be used to interpret topics like Specific Functions Added, Semi Autonomous, Partial Autonomous. So download instantly and tailor it with your information.

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Tesla slashes prices for cars and software after one of its toughest weeks yet

• Tesla cut car prices in the US, China, and Europe after sales fell.
• The company also reduced its software price by a third in the US.
• The company's challenges include disappointing delivery numbers, layoffs, and Cybertruck recalls.

Tesla is trying to win back customers with cheaper cars and software.

The electric-vehicle maker cut prices in key markets, including the US, China, and Europe, over the weekend as it faces falling sales and intensifying competition.

The company also slashed the price of its driver-assistance software, Full Self-Driving, by one-third, to $8,000 in the US.

The EV manufacturer is set to report first-quarter earnings on Tuesday. Profit margins have fallen dramatically when Tesla has dropped prices in the past.

Tesla lowered prices for most of its US cars, cutting the costs for the Model Y, X, and S by $2,000, Reuters reported .

Related stories

In the US, the cheapest Model Y and the Model X — both SUVs — are being offered at their lowest prices. The best-selling Model Y now starts at $42,990, according to Tesla's website.

The company didn't change the price for the new Cybertruck or the Model 3 sedan.

"Tesla prices must change frequently in order to match production with demand," CEO Elon Musk wrote on X on Sunday.

Tesla reported disappointing first-quarter deliveries earlier this month and went through a messy 10% global layoff last week. The company also saw the departure of two key executives , one who oversaw electrical engineering and another focused on business development. On Friday, Tesla recalled nearly 4,000 Cybertrucks because of faulty accelerators.

The recent challenges have caused headaches for Musk, who postponed a planned trip to India to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

He's also facing a big vote in June on his pay. Musk's $56 billion pay package was voided by a Delaware judge in January, and shareholders have been asked to re-vote on the compensation at the company's annual meeting.

Tesla's stock is down more than 40% year to date. Investors are concerned about slow sales amid high interest rates and intensifying competition from EV makers in China.

Even Musk's recent announcement to launch a robotaxi in August failed to calm investors last week.

Watch: How did Tesla's bulletproof Cybertruck become so expensive and so delayed?

• Main content

Elon Musk makes surprise China visit after delaying India trip as Tesla seeks Beijing’s OK for Full Self-Driving software

Tesla Inc. Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk made an unannounced trip to China on Sunday and met Premier Li Qiang, a week after  postponing  a visit to India to handle pressing issues at the automaker.

China’s No. 2 official met Musk in Beijing just hours after he touched down in the city. Li said the nation is always open to foreign companies, adding that Tesla is a successful example of China-US trade cooperation, according to China Central Television.

Musk’s latest China visit comes during a volatile time for Tesla, with slowing EV sales prompting a cost-cutting drive and the reduction of more than 10% of its global workforce. He was scheduled to be in India on April 21 and 22 for a much-anticipated visit that was going to include a meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, but called it off because of “ very heavy  Tesla obligations.”

CCTV said Musk told Li that Tesla is willing to deepen cooperation with China. The CEO earlier met the head of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, Ren Hongbin, according to CCTV. He’s expected to meet officials to discuss the rollout of Tesla’s driver-assistance system, a person with knowledge of the matter said.

A Gulfstream registered to SpaceX landed in Beijing at about 2 p.m. local time. Reuters earlier reported Musk’s plans to discuss Tesla’s software during the visit.

Tesla is working on getting the system it calls Full Self-Driving, or FSD, approved for new markets. Its vehicles have been  banned  from China’s military compounds and some other government venues in the past over cameras used for its  driver-assistance systems , which aren’t capable of autonomous driving.

“We plan on, with the approval of the regulators, releasing it as a supervised autonomy system in any market that — where we can get regulatory approval for that, which we think includes China,” Musk said of FSD during Tesla’s April 23 earnings call. 

Advanced driver-assistance systems, or ADAS, are becoming increasingly common in China’s EV market, where Tesla is losing share. Many local players including Xpeng Inc., Xiaomi Corp. and Huawei Technologies Co. use sophisticated technology as a selling point for their vehicles, while industrywide price cuts by rivals add pressure for the US company to do the same.

Li visited the Beijing Auto Show on Sunday and said China has a leading position in the new energy vehicles industry, China National Radio reported. He urged industry players to maintain their competitive advantages and vowed to ensure a level playing field for foreign companies in the market.

Tesla, the world’s biggest seller of fully electric cars, has repeatedly reduced prices in key markets including the US and China. Investors overlooked dismal earnings last week as the company pledged to launch lower-cost EVs as soon as late this year.

Tesla’s Shanghai factory, established in 2019, is the company’s most productive plant globally, a point Musk made to Li on Sunday as he praised “the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese team,” CCTV said.

China media reported that Tesla axed all Chinese graduate offers in its latest round of job cuts.

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