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A-levels and as-levels explained.

A-Levels and AS-Levels are an important part of the UK education system, offering students a pathway to higher education or the workforce.

However, the system can be confusing, particularly for those who are unfamiliar with it. It can be confusing as to what A-levels are and how AS-levels factor into the overall study process.

What are AS-levels?

An AS-level is an advanced qualification studied after GCSEs. The AS stands for Advanced Subsidiary and, in terms of UCAS Tariff points , an A at AS-level is equivalent to a B at A-level (40 points). You cannot achieve an A* at AS-level.

Students are not required to study AS-levels but have the option if they wish to. It effectively allows you to study a fourth subject on top of the three A-levels you have chosen and is studied for a year.

Previously, AS-levels would contribute to the overall score of your A-levels. However, in 2015, the UK government announced changes to how AS-levels are taught , which meant these qualifications may no longer have exam assessments and are now considered to be a standalone qualification.

What are A-levels?

An A-level is a school leaving qualification. These subjects are generally studied over two years. Typically, students can chose between three and four subjects for their A-levels. Those who opt for a fourth choice will have that subject studied as an AS-level. Once you have selected your fourth subject, you will not be able to study it in the second year, meaning that you will have three A-levels to study in your second year. Most degrees you apply for will relate to the A-levels you studied.

Typically, A-levels follow on from GCSE study. Despite the recommended age of 16-18-year-olds, mature students will often study A-levels, especially if they have been asked to do so by an employer or if they have a clearer picture of their careers moving forward.

The jump from GCSEs to A-levels can often be a little extreme for some students. GCSEs are the culmination of work done over nearly ten years of studying, whereas A-levels are compounding a lot of information into a shorter space of time.

How are A-levels graded?

A-levels and AS-levels are graded A*-E. Previously, this was also how GCSEs were graded, however, in September 2015, the Department for Education moved GCSEs onto a 1 to 9 grading system .

Then-Education Secretary Michael Gove implemented the change. As a result, GCSEs focus less on coursework and more on academic performance in exams and controlled assessments. A-levels are studied based on both coursework and exams.

These grades are then converted into UCAS tariff points for students who wish to attend university. The higher your score, the higher the points you will receive. The grades you will receive for your A-levels will largely depend on the exam board you are sitting your exam on. Some exam boards may score their grades higher or lower than others, so specific grading boundaries are not as easy to come by as they are for something like the international baccalaureate .

What A-levels should I study?

This will depend on you and the university course you want to apply for. Typically, students will pick A-levels that are closely linked to the course they are studying.

Despite this, there are several “facilitating subjects”. These A-level subjects are generally well-regarded by universities, regardless of the subject you are applying for.

The most common facilitating subjects are:

• Modern foreign languages

Not all universities will necessarily accept these for certain courses. There are A-level degree quizzes that can be found online, or you can use other resources such as Informed Choices . Teachers, parents, siblings, guardians and career advisors can also be invaluable sources of information and advice.

What do I do if I fail my exams?

Plenty of options are open for students whose exams do not go how they wanted. You can ask your school or college to re-mark your exam, though this may incur a fee, though this fee may be waived if your grade is changed. Re-marks are only for specific circumstances and may not be offered by all exam boards, schools or colleges.

You can also appeal your grade if you wish. Appeals can be done by the school or college you attended or by the exam board of your test paper. If you are still unsatisfied with the result of your appeal, you can always request an appeal from Ofqual , who will then take over the appeals process.

Retaking A-Levels is also possible. Many students decide to do this when they have not achieved the grades they wanted, and it often gives them a chance to revisit topics or areas they previously struggled with. You can retake A-levels at school, college, or sixth form. This gives you a chance to improve your prior grades and also gives you the opportunity to re-apply for a university if you did not meet their university entry requirements the first time or to gain some important work experience.

Will I be at a disadvantage if I don’t take AS-levels?

This will depend on you and your plans for the future. Not all universities require you to have an AS-level qualification, though some may. Most universities are looking more for the body of work a student has rather than if you have the right amount of UCAS points, so not having an AS-level is not necessarily a disadvantage.

Today, universities consider a lot more. Your personal statement, portfolios, work experience, or even university interviews or university entrance exams are more important to a university than whether or not you have an AS-level.

It is not uncommon for students to receive contextual offers . These offers are geared towards offering students who meet specific criteria (being a first-generation higher education student, being a young carer or being a refugee), in which their grades may be less of a consideration than they are with other offers.

What is involved with taking an AS-level?

This will depend on you and the choices you make. If you are studying an AS-level, you will effectively be studying four A-levels at once. You will sit an exam for your AS-level subject at the end of the year, determinining your final grade for that subject.

A-level and GCSE students are typically granted study leave . This is a process in which students can stay at home (or come to school if they wish) to study and revise for upcoming exams. AS-level students are not entitled to study leave, so you must find time to study away from school.

The workload will largely depend on you and your tolerance for study. Many students have reported that the workload is far greater than that of GCSEs, while others have said that they have noticed very little by way of change. Workloads can also be affected if you are sitting an AS-level on top.

Is it worth doing an AS-level?

There are pros and cons to sitting AS-levels. The pros are that they will increase the UCAS tariff points you will use to apply for a university. As they are separate from A-levels, it is an excellent way to still receive a qualification in a subject that you do not have the time or space to study beyond this point. Some universities may not specifically require AS-levels as part of their entry requirements. However, they will still see that you have them and will take their scores into account, particularly if they are higher scores.

The cons to this are that it can often take time away from studying your full A-levels. Most of your time will be spent in the first year studying for your AS-levels as you need to sit the exams for them at the end of the year. They can also be overwhelming for some students. As stated above, you will effectively be studying four A-levels in one year and not all students are well-equipped to deal with this.

Ultimately, the decision is yours. Only you know if the perks are worth the drawbacks and no one else can decide for you.

How much harder are A-levels compared to AS-levels?

This will depend on who you speak to. It is a common consensus that A-levels are much harder than AS-levels. This shouldn’t come as a surprise for most students, given that A-levels are worth 60% more than an AS-level.

The second year of A-levels is a lot harder than the first because there is more to learn. As a result, AS-levels, being only a year-long, will be much easier to study as there is less subject matter to cover.

What are my other options?

There are other alternatives to studying AS & A-levels. Many students explore other alternatives, especially if they think there are better options open to them or if they can study more vocational qualifications.

Many students decide to enter into the world of work after finishing their GCSEs. Some students feel that, after finishing school, they are done with their education and would prefer to go out and make a living. This is an excellent opportunity to build up some work experience and forge contacts within the industry you are working in. The best thing is that if you decide to improve your grades or are thinking of applying for a job with specific qualifications in mind, you can always return as a mature student.

Many students study BTECs . A BTEC is a qualification offered in England, Northern Ireland and Wales and specialises in a specific area or subject. BTECs are accepted by most universities and are good ways of having a head start in specific areas as these are technically considered to be vocational qualifications. BTECs can also be studied alongside A-levels, though this is usually done at a college rather than a school, which typically does not offer the BTEC qualification.

in 2017, they were formally introduced into the world of education in August of 2022. These are technical-based subjects that developed alongside employers and businesses to provide students with more industry-based knowledge. At their highest qualifications, T Levels are equivalent to three A*s at A-level.

What can you do after A-levels?

The choice is yours. Most students tend to go to university and study for an undergraduate degree or a foundation degree . This option does not suit all students, but it is an excellent way of putting yourself in the best possible position to find a job in the job market.

Most employers are keen for applicants to have work experience before applying. With this in mind, looking into apprenticeships or some employment training can be a good idea. Some employers have also been known to send employees to university to study a part-time course wherein they can study for a degree in their field and work during the week.

It is also possible to pursue other academic routes. The aforementioned foundation degree can be useful. However, other alternatives exist, such as a higher national diploma or a higher national certificate and are equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, without the need to study a three-year course.

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• A Levels vs. vocational courses: which should you study?

SCG 8 min read

We've  broken down all the key differences between the academic and vocational courses that you can study here at the largest college in Shropshire.

If you’re taking your GCSEs next summer, you’re probably starting to think about college and what you’d like to study there.

But your subjects aren’t the only thing you’ve got to make careful decisions about. Before you start debating between Art and Photography , you need to figure out which type of course is best suited to you and the way you learn.

A - Levels and vocational courses: the basics

Two of the most popular routes for secondary school leavers are studying either A - Levels or a vocational course (often called BTECs). The basic differences are this:

• A - Levels are two-year courses where you study three different academic subjects which are mainly assessed by exams
• Vocational courses are one or two-year courses where you study one vocational subject which is mainly assessed by coursework

One Level 3 vocational diploma is equivalent to three A - Levels.

Both course types open you up to a vast range of subject options: with A - Levels in everything from Geology to Textiles and vocational courses in everything from Travel & Tourism to Engineering .

Unless you’ve already set your heart on becoming a biologist or a chef and know exactly what qualifications you’ll need to get there, you might be struggling to decide whether to take A - Levels or a vocational course. And even if you do have a specific career in mind, there’s often more than one path to getting the qualifications you need. This decision is especially tricky if you’re interested in subjects that exist as both A - Levels and vocational courses, like Business and Performing Arts / Drama .

We’ve put together this battle of the courses to break down each of the crucial differences between A - Levels and vocational courses so that you can make a confident decision about your future.

Have a look through each of the categories below to work out which type of qualification is the right one for you.

Exams vs. coursework

• A - Levels are mostly assessed by end of year exams
• Vocational courses are mostly assessed by coursework

For a lot of people, choosing whether they prefer exams or coursework seems easy; even people who do well in exams can hate taking them. But which type of assessment is better suited to you as a student is a more complicated question.

Though the idea of your grade depending on a couple of days’ work sounds scary, that’s not what taking A - Level exams really feels like. The plus side of A - Levels is that you don’t get tested until right at the very end of the course. That way, you’d have learnt everything you were going to be taught about your subjects and you’ll have been given lots of time to revise. The work that will count towards your final grade is the work you’ll do when you’re feeling most prepared to be assessed.

But exams aren’t for everyone. The time pressure of exams sometimes makes it difficult to do your best work and vocational courses being mainly assessed by coursework makes them a less stressful alternative. After having studied a course for years, it can feel like a more accurate representation of your actual knowledge and ability to have the freedom to complete your assessments over a longer period of time.

It’s important to remember that a number of A - Levels aren’t purely exam-based and many vocational courses aren’t purely coursework-based. Make sure to check how the specific subjects you’d like to study are going to be assessed before you make any final decisions. This is especially important if you’re interested in A - Level arts subjects, where coursework can make up a big part of your grade.

Multiple subjects vs. single focus

• A - Level students usually take three or four subjects
• Vocational students take one subject

If you know which industry you’d like to work in after you’ve finished school, studying a vocational course could be a really good use of your time. Instead of struggling to come up with three different subjects to study at A - Level, vocational diplomas offer anyone who has one main interest the chance to dedicate all their attention to becoming a specialist in that area.

Plus, if you’re worried about not getting the GCSE grades to do a Level 3 vocational course, you can usually enter your subject at a different level and work your way up to a Level 3 qualification. For some highly technical subjects, like Carpentry & Joinery , everyone has to enter the course at Level 1 since there are specific skills you need to learn before you can move on to anything else.

On the other hand, A - Levels give you a more varied college experience. You’ll have time to figure out which subjects you prefer and want to explore further in the future. But that’s not to say that A - Levels are for people who haven’t made up their minds yet. Certain universities and employers will prefer you to have a background in a few different subjects. For example, if you're applying to study for a physics degree, you’d need to prove that you’re also skilled in maths.

Besides, your A - Levels shouldn’t be a mismatched compilation of subjects but should complement each other, leading to a certain degree course or career path. Most students take three A - Levels, but if you have particularly high GCSE grades, your college might allow you to study four subjects.

Academic vs. vocational

• A - Levels are academic courses
• Vocational courses are taught in a more practical way

A - Levels are academic courses, which means that the course content is focused on theory. Many A - Levels also include some practical elements (like experiments or fieldwork), but your studies will mainly involve getting to grips with a lot of information. Luckily, you should have some idea about whether you enjoy academic subjects since GCSEs are academic qualifications. If you want to continue learning in a similar way (though in far more depth), then A - Levels are the obvious choice.

But if you’d like to try something quite different to your GCSE courses, you may prefer vocational qualifications, where you’re taught subjects in a more practical way. You’ll still learn the theory behind everything you do, but your focus will be on building up a bank of skills and knowledge (like how to build a staircase or design a website) that you can take with you into the workplace after you’ve finished studying.

In fact, vocational timetables are structured differently than A - Level timetables, typically being organised to make sure you don't need to come into college every single weekday. This gives you time to add to your CV by working a job relevant to your course when you’re not in college (e.g., Construction & the Built Environment students often find placements on local building sites).

You can continue studying at university or head straight into employment with either academic or vocational qualifications. Here at SCG, we’ve even had A - Level and vocational students progress onto the exact same university courses, from history at Aberystwyth University to adult nursing at the University of Chester.

What should you do next?

Once you’ve decided between A - Levels and vocational courses, it’s time to start exploring which subjects you’d like to study and where you’d like to study them. Colleges and sixth forms throughout Shropshire will hold open evenings and subject taster events that you can attend (either virtually or in-person) to get a sense of what to expect and to ask for advice specific to your interests and situation.

If you’ve read this article and are still unsure about what you want to do when you’ve finished school – don’t panic! There’s more to find out about both A - Levels and vocational courses, and there are other options beyond either of those qualifications.

• Have a look through what specific A - Level and vocational subjects involve studying by browsing through some courses .
• Find out about CTEC qualifications. These are vocational courses like BTECs that are each equivalent to one A - Level and are designed to be studied alongside A - Levels (you can look at Shrewsbury Colleges Group's CTECs in Applied Science , Business and Health & Social Care for examples).
• Visit SCG’s Virtual Post-16 Options Event to discover the wider list of opportunities available to you in Shropshire once you’ve completed your GCSEs.

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Thank you for your enquiry about an application, now that term has started please ring the Admissions team on 01743 342346 for Vocational courses at London Road or 01743 260410 for A levels and Art courses based at English Bridge and Welsh Bridge and they will help you with your application. Voice messages can be left, please give clear details about contact numbers.

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Cambridge International AS & A Levels

Thousands of learners worldwide gain places at leading universities every year with Cambridge International AS & A Levels. The syllabuses develop a deep understanding of subjects and independent thinking skills.

Schools have a choice of 55 subjects and the freedom to offer them in almost any combination. Learners can specialise or study a broad range of subjects.

A wide range of training and support resources is available to help teachers plan and deliver Cambridge International AS & A Level programmes.

Learners can choose from a range of assessment options. Some subjects can be started as a Cambridge International AS Level and extended to a Cambridge International A Level.

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Thousands of learners gain places at leading universities around the world with Cambridge International AS & A Levels every year. They are a passport to success.

Cambridge International A Levels are the 'gold standard' qualification. Mark Vella, Director of Studies, Auckland Grammar School, New Zealand

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Everything You Need To Know About the A-Levels

International A Levels serve as a stepping stone for students aiming to secure admission to top-tier universities such as Harvard, Stanford, and Cambridge.

Most students and parents would have heard about A Levels from one place or another, but very few people actually know exactly what this pathway entails.

In this blog, we’ll provide you with everything you need to know about the International A-Levels, delve into the diverse range of subjects available, shed light on the grading system, and demonstrate how this pathway unlocks opportunities to prestigious universities across the globe.

What are A-Levels?

Advanced Levels (usually referred to as just A Levels) are qualifications in particular subjects that are usually the final academic courses taken before a student attends university.

You can study three or more A-levels over the final two years before starting university. A-Levels are assessed using a set of examinations, and although they’re a UK-based qualification, they are widely accepted worldwide.

What Subjects Can You Study?

There are a range of subjects you can take while pursuing an A-Level qualification. The most popular courses include:

• Mathematics
• Further Mathematics
• English Literature
• English Language

For a complete list of A-Level courses refer to the CIE’s official website .

You can also take your A-Levels entirely online . Crimson Global Academy (CGA) is a global online school with the mission to provide premium education without the constraints of physical schooling.

CGA offers very close support for students in selecting A Level subjects: this is vital because future courses at university and future careers will often have specific requirements for A Level subjects. We can provide expert advice in this important area.

Cambridge vs. Edexcel

There are two exam boards for A-Levels: Edexcel and Cambridge.

Pearson Edexcel A Levels  are widely recognized in the UK and follow a module-based system. Students have the flexibility to retake modules to improve their subject grades, and exams are typically held in May and November.

On the other hand,  Cambridge A Levels  offers a diverse range of subjects and flexible combinations. These qualifications cater to the needs of international learners and also provide opportunities for non-native English speakers to demonstrate their English proficiency, which is valued by many British universities.

What is Crimson Global Academy?

Structure and Format of A Level Qualification

A-Levels are broken down into two parts: the AS Level and A2 Level:

• The first year of your A Level qualification is known as the AS Level , where you’ll study courses that provide with enough understanding to progress to A-level.
• The second year of your A Level is known as the A2 Level . A2 Level courses are the second half of the A-level courses, and build on the curriculum you studied during AS level.

Typically, students take 4-5  AS Level subjects  in their second to last year of high school.

They will then go on to take 3-4 of those subjects at the A2 Level, often taking extra subjects at AS Level to fill up their timetable (without completing the full A Level) in their final year of high school.

Here’s a summary of typical timeline of an international A-levels student:

• Second to last year of high school: 4-5 AS-level subjects
• Final year of high school: 3-4 A2 level subjects +additional AS-level subjects.

While this is the typical timeline for studying A Levels, if you’re interested in competing for spots at the  top US universities , you might need more than 4 A Level subjects to stand out in the competitive applicant pool.

How are A-Levels Assessed?

The majority of Edexcel/ Cambridge AS and A Level subjects are externally assessed. These exams are offered at different times throughout the year:

• Cambridge exams: June and November
• Edexcel: June, October and January

Students typically sit one set of exams at the end of AS, and another at the end of A2.

CGA's Edexcel International A Levels offers three examination dates, which means more opportunities for re-sits. This allows students to  improve their grades  if needed.

Edexcel's mark schemes tend to be more detailed, providing clearer indications of how students can earn credit for their answers compared to Cambridge's mark schemes.

For  sciences  like Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Cambridge International AS Level sciences require students to complete practical examinations under exam conditions. Edexcel A Levels , however, tend to be more theoretical and do not include these practical examinations.

Practical exams can sometimes drag down students' grades in Cambridge A Levels as schools may lack the resources for adequate practice in experimental skills. This is a situation that students won't encounter with Edexcel A Levels.

How are A-Levels Graded?

In terms of grading, Cambridge students receive a percentage grade at the end of their AS Level exams, and a final overall A Level percentage grade that’s the average of their AS and A2 Level grades combined.

Note that there are no A* grades awarded for AS Level. They are only awarded for completion of full A Level qualification. Also, you do not receive your separate A2 Level grade, only your combined A Level grade.

Edexcel students receive grades after their examinations at the end of every module according to the table below.

Their final average grade is the weighted average of the modules they sit through during the AS and A2 portions by a predefined weighting that you can find in each subject’s syllabus online.

A Level Grading System

While the percentage grade boundaries may look intimidating, one of the great things about International AS and A Levels is that you don’t have to get 90% or 70% of the questions correct to end up getting a 90% or 70% on your report card.

International AS and A Levels employ scaling , which converts raw marks to Percentage Uniform Marks. The exams are calibrated against other students' performance , resulting in most raw marks being scaled up. Scaling ensures a fair representation of performance and determines the A*-E grade displayed on the certificate of completion.

Edexcel and Cambridge publish grade thresholds after each exam sitting on their respective websites to maintain transparency in the scaling process.

What Is a Good A-Level Grade?

If you’re looking to apply to a top 30 university, aim for grades that sit in the A or A* band . For those considering US universities, the American equivalent for A Levels are the AP examinations .

What Happens on A Levels Results Day?

The A-level results day for 2024 is  Thursday 15 August 2024 . You can collect your A-level results any time after 8am on results day - when they're released by the exam boards.

There are a few different outcomes that could happen:

• You get your predicted grade and meet your firm (first) offer : Congratulations! Once your UCAS Hub status updates you’ll be sent a confirmation from your firm choice. Now you can sit back and  start preparing for university .
• You miss your predicted grades : This is disappointing but there are several outcomes if this happens:
• Unconditional Offer - Your choice of firm offer might still offer you a place
• Unconditional Changed Course (UCC) - you don't have the necessary grades for your offer, but the university has proposed a similar course requiring lower grades. They may also offer an alternative start date, such as deferred entry. You have five days to decide and can discuss the opportunity with the university in question.
• Insurance Offer - You accept your insurance offer
• Unsuccessful - you've not been accepted by your choice(s). You're now eligible to enter Clearing
• Retaking the A Levels
• Reapplying the next year

Are A Levels right for you?

A Levels are superb, academically rigorous, and inspiring courses . However, they can also be demanding courses that require a serious commitment to diligent work. To be successful in A-Level study, students will need a secure foundation at the International GCSE level of study or equivalent.

We offer a wide range of A Level and International GCSE courses which are taught fully online, by experienced and outstanding teachers from around the world. CGA can provide a full programme of A Levels, to full-time CGA students, or we can offer a part-time programme: individual A Level courses which students can take alongside their academic programme in their home school. If you are keen to study A Levels then CGA would be delighted to hear from you!

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Key Resources & Further Reading

• Join our free webinars on university applications
• Free eBooks and guides to help with the college application process
• A Levels, AP or IB: Which Curriculum will help you get into Top Universities?
• Can I Study A-Levels or International-GCSEs Online?

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Choosing A Levels

Choosing your a level subjects is a big decision. read our advice on how to decide, whether you know what you want to study at university or not..

What are A Levels?

Which subjects should you choose, university courses with specific requirements.

A Levels (Advanced Levels) and AS Levels (Advanced Subsidiary) are courses that students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland take after GCSEs. They're the most common qualifications for university admission. Other qualifications include Scottish Highers/Advanced Highers and other alternatives to A Levels .

A Levels are two-year qualifications that give students a chance to study an existing GCSE subject in greater depth or try a completely new subject like Law, Drama or Economics. 

What to expect from A Levels

• An increase in difficulty compared to GCSEs
• Differences in the way you’re taught and what's expected from you 
• More independent study time – you'll only have between three and five subjects to study as opposed to ten or more at GCSE, meaning less time in the classroom

How many A Levels can you take?

Students can take up to five A Levels but you generally choose three A Levels to study for a two-year course. You can decide to work towards AS qualifications or combine the two. Discuss your options with your school or college and find out whether they'll offer both AS and A Levels so you can decide the best route for you. The vast majority of schools and colleges now focus on A Levels, with the one-year AS Level less popular and available.

If you already know what you’d like to study, you can contact the university admissions office and ask about entry requirements for the course(s) you’re interested in.

How many GCSEs do you need to do A Levels?

Most schools and colleges will expect you to have gained at least five 9–4 (A*–C) grades in your GCSEs. However, other pathways are available including BTEC and other vocational courses.

Requirements can vary from four to six passes, so you should check with your school or college. Often you'll need a GCSE at grade 5–6 (B) or above in a subject if you want to continue it at A Level.

GCSEs have also changed in recent years, with most students in England now getting new numerical grades (9–1) and changes to exams, coursework and specifications.

Take advice from your school careers advisor and university admissions departments so you can make an informed decision based on accurate and up-to-date information. It’s worth asking questions and researching entry requirements for courses at various universities to get a good idea of the subjects you should take.

Things to consider when choosing your A Levels

If you want to go to university, the main question to ask yourself is: 'Do I know what I want to study at university?'. Your answer will dictate which subjects you should choose for A Levels.

It’s perfectly normal not to know what you want to do for a career, or what you want to study at university. Many graduates go on to work in fields unrelated to their chosen degree. However, if you have aspirations for a certain career, you'll need to take a related degree. For example, subjects such as Law, Medicine, Architecture and Veterinary Science will all need specific qualifications.

If you already know what you want to study at university

Knowing what you want to study at university puts you in a good position when choosing your A Levels. Your first step should be to check entry requirements on university websites for your chosen course.

A lot of courses will specify at least one subject you'll need to have studied at A Level. For example, Medicine, Veterinary Science and certain Engineering courses may need three specific subjects. Also some universities publish a list of preferred A Level subjects that are acceptable for general admission, as well as specific requirements for individual courses.

If you don't know what you want to study at university

You may not be sure what you want to study at university, or if you want to go at all. Don’t worry, as it means you can choose whichever subjects you want (within reason) and let that dictate your degree choice should you go on to study at university.

There are eight 'facilitating' subjects listed by Russell Group universities to help you keep your degree options open until you decide which course to take:

• English Literature
• Maths and Further Maths
• Modern and Classical Languages

Generally speaking, taking two facilitating subjects will keep a wide range of degrees open to you. Make sure you still choose subjects you like – you'll be studying them for the next two years.

If you’re still uncertain, phone or email the university admissions or schools liaison team for their advice before finalising your choices.

Other factors to consider when choosing A Levels

• What you're good at – your career or degree plans may change so make sure you choose subjects you can do well in
• What you enjoy – if you don’t enjoy a subject at A Level but need it for a specific university course, you might want to reconsider your degree preference
• Your subject combination – if you're taking a science A Level, for example, you should consider whether you need to look at taking another science or maths subject
• The syllabus – knowing the course content should tell you whether a particular A Level is the right option for you
• The workload you can handle – for example, some courses may involve a lot of essay writing, so be realistic about how much work you can do

Course entry requirements are used to help admissions staff at universities pick students for their courses. Many courses will have more applicants than places so they'll set an entry requirement to allow them to reduce the number of students to consider.

Specific course requirements (e.g. Chemistry and Biology for a Biochemistry course) are there to make sure students can cope with the pressures of the course content itself. The majority of university courses look for at least Cs in GCSE English and Maths. Some courses go further and list specific subjects and grades they expect you to have.

Remember that some courses may only consider certain A Level qualifications or accept certain qualifications when taken with another. This will depend on what the university department is looking for.

For example, a History department may be looking for students who can write essays and handle exams, and so might have a preference for A Level or Highers students. If you’re a BTEC student, look out for courses that name specific units you need to pass with specific grades.

Check our subject guides to see if a course might need specific A Level subjects (or equivalent).

Keep in mind

• Some universities discourage students from taking certain combinations of A Levels – this tends to be for very similar subjects such as Business Studies and Economics, or Maths and Further Maths
• Core Maths generally isn't a suitable substitute for AS or A Level Maths or Further Maths
• If you do too many practical or vocational subjects (such as PE, Music Technology, Media Studies, Textiles or Drama), it may limit what you can study at university – some universities include these in lists of 'non-preferred' subjects
• Highly selective courses such as Medicine may state that A Levels should be taken in the same sitting after no more than two years of study – this can affect you if you're looking to repeat some exams after sixth form or if you’ve taken some exams early

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Home » Blog » Understanding A-Levels: What They Are and How They Work

Understanding A-Levels: What They Are and How They Work

• 12 min read

Brief History of A-Levels

Importance of a-levels in the uk education system, definition and purpose, a-levels vs. other qualifications (gcse, ib, etc.), curriculum and structure, grading system, duration and coursework, compulsory and optional subjects, tips for choosing a-level subjects, exam preparation, exam format, retakes and resits, ucas points system, conditional and unconditional offers, clearing and adjustment, the role of a-levels in shaping future opportunities, tips for success in a-level studies.

Advanced Levels, or  A-Levels , are a set of qualifications that have been a cornerstone of the British education system since their inception in 1951. They were introduced as a more rigorous and specialized alternative to the Ordinary Level (O-Level) qualifications, which have since been replaced by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). A-Levels have evolved over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2015, which saw a shift from modular to linear qualifications. This adaptation ensures that A-Levels continue to be a comprehensive and challenging pathway for students to pursue higher education.

The significance of A-Levels in the UK education system is indisputable. They serve as a crucial stepping stone for students, bridging the gap between secondary education and university. A-Levels provide students with the opportunity to delve deeper into subjects they are passionate about, helping them develop advanced critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.

Moreover, A-Level qualifications are the primary determining factor in university admissions, with institutions often setting minimum grade requirements for their courses. It is not only the grades that matter; the subjects chosen by students can also impact their eligibility for specific degree programs, making informed decision-making crucial during the A-Level selection process.

As A-Levels remain an integral part of the UK’s education system, it’s essential for students to understand what A-Levels are, how they work, and the various aspects surrounding them, such as the  A-Levels grading system  and  A-Level Results Day .

What are A-Levels?

A-Levels , or  Advanced Level qualifications , are subject-based qualifications that students in the United Kingdom typically study between the ages of 16 and 18. The primary purpose of A-Levels is to prepare students for university, providing them with in-depth knowledge in specific subjects and developing their critical thinking and analytical skills. A-Levels also serve as an essential criterion for university admissions, with institutions often requiring specific A-Level grades for entry into their courses.

A-Levels are just one of several qualifications available to students in the UK, and it’s essential to understand the differences between them. Here, we’ll briefly compare A-Levels to other qualifications such as  General Certificate of Secondary Education  (GCSE) and the  International Baccalaureate  (IB).

GCSEs  are typically taken by students aged 14 to 16, before they begin their A-Levels. While A-Levels focus on a smaller number of subjects in greater depth, GCSEs cover a broader range of subjects, providing students with a foundational knowledge base. The GCSE curriculum is compulsory and includes subjects such as English, Mathematics, and Science, with students usually taking between 8 and 10 subjects in total.

The  International Baccalaureate  (IB) is another option for students aged 16 to 18, offering a comprehensive and internationally-focused curriculum. Unlike A-Levels, which allow students to focus on three or four subjects, the IB requires students to study six subjects, including at least one from each of the six subject groups: Studies in Language and Literature, Language Acquisition, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, and the Arts. Additionally, IB students must complete an Extended Essay, participate in the Theory of Knowledge course, and engage in Creativity, Activity, and Service (CAS) experiences. For a more detailed comparison, consider reading our article on  A-Levels vs IB .

In conclusion, while A-Levels allow students to focus on a few subjects in depth and are tailored to the UK’s education system, other qualifications like GCSE and IB offer different approaches to learning and cater to different educational goals. Students should carefully weigh their options and consider their future academic and career plans when choosing the most suitable qualification for them.

How do A-Levels Work?

The  Advanced Level (A-Level)  qualifications provide a strong foundation for students seeking higher education in the United Kingdom. The curriculum is designed to offer in-depth knowledge in specific subjects, allowing students to specialize in their chosen fields. A-Levels are offered in a wide range of subjects, from traditional academic disciplines like mathematics, sciences, and humanities to more vocational subjects such as art and design, business studies, and information technology.

Typically, students study three or four A-Level subjects over a two-year period, with the courses being divided into two parts: AS (Advanced Subsidiary) Level and A2 Level. The AS Level is completed in the first year, covering half of the A-Level content, while the A2 Level is completed in the second year, covering the remaining content. Some schools and colleges may offer a more flexible structure, allowing students to take additional subjects or complete their A-Levels in a shorter timeframe.

A-Levels utilize a grading system that ranges from A* (the highest grade) to E (the lowest passing grade). The final grade is determined by the combined results of both the AS and A2 Levels. It is important for students to understand the A-Levels grading system as it plays a crucial role in university admissions and future opportunities.

In addition to the letter grades, students also receive a numerical score called the Uniform Mark Scale (UMS), which standardizes results across different examination boards and subjects. This score is used to calculate the UCAS Tariff points, which are required for university applications in the UK.

The standard duration for completing A-Levels is two years, with each academic year consisting of three terms. However, some institutions may offer intensive courses that can be completed in a shorter period. The coursework for A-Level subjects is designed to challenge students and promote independent thinking, research, and problem-solving skills.

Throughout the two-year period, students are expected to engage in classroom instruction, practical work, and independent study. Some subjects may require additional coursework, including essays, projects, or presentations, which contribute to the final grade. Students should be prepared to dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to their A-Level studies, as these qualifications play a pivotal role in shaping their future opportunities and success in higher education.

In conclusion, understanding how A-Levels work is essential for students and their families as they navigate the UK education system. By familiarizing themselves with the curriculum, structure, grading system, and coursework requirements, students can make informed decisions about their A-Level subject choices and better prepare for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

A-Level Subject Choices

An essential aspect of the A-Level journey is choosing the appropriate subjects to study. The ability to select the right combination of courses can significantly impact a student’s future academic and professional opportunities.

There are no specific compulsory subjects for A-Levels, as the system’s flexibility allows students to tailor their studies to their interests and career aspirations. However, some universities and degree programs may require specific A-Level subjects or subject combinations for admission.

A-Level students typically study three to four subjects, chosen from a wide range of available courses. These subjects can span across various disciplines, including but not limited to:

• Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics)
• Mathematics
• English Literature and Language
• Humanities (History, Geography, Religious Studies)
• Social Sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Business Studies)
• Modern and Classical Languages
• Creative Arts (Art, Design, Music, Drama)

Selecting the right A-Level subjects is crucial, as it can pave the way for university admission and future career opportunities. Here are some tips to help students make informed decisions:

• Consider your interests and strengths : Choose subjects that genuinely interest you and align with your strengths. Studying subjects you enjoy will make the learning process more engaging and increase the likelihood of success.
• Research university requirements : If you have a specific degree program or university in mind, research their entry requirements and ensure your chosen A-Level subjects meet those criteria. Many universities list their preferred A-Level subjects on their websites or in their prospectuses.
• Consult with teachers and career advisors : Teachers and career advisors can provide valuable insights into the subject matter, workload, and potential career paths related to your chosen subjects. Don’t hesitate to seek their guidance when making your decision.
• Think long-term : Consider how your A-Level subject choices align with your long-term academic and professional goals. While it’s essential to enjoy your studies, it’s also crucial to choose subjects that will open doors to future opportunities.
• Maintain a balanced workload : Select a combination of subjects that provide a balanced workload, considering the demands, coursework, and examination formats of each course. This balance will help you manage your studies effectively and reduce the risk of burnout.

By carefully considering these factors, students can make informed decisions about their A-Level subject choices. In doing so, they will create a strong foundation for their academic and professional future, leading to success in their A-Level studies and beyond.

A-Level Examinations

A-Level examinations are a crucial aspect of the A-Level journey, as they ultimately determine a student’s final grade and potential university placement. In this section, we will delve into the details of exam preparation, format, and the options available for retakes and resits.

Adequate preparation is essential for success in A-Level examinations. Students should develop a comprehensive study plan that covers all relevant topics within their chosen subjects. This can be achieved through a combination of independent study, attending classes or lectures, and collaborating with peers to discuss and review critical concepts.

Utilizing  A-Levels past papers  is an excellent way to familiarize oneself with the exam format and identify areas that may require additional focus. It is also advisable to consult with teachers or tutors for guidance and support throughout the preparation process.

In addition to academic preparation, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing stress levels can significantly impact a student’s performance during exams. Incorporating regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep into one’s routine can enhance mental clarity and improve overall well-being.

The format of A-Level examinations varies depending on the subject and exam board. However, most exams typically consist of a combination of multiple-choice, short answer, and essay questions. The exams are designed to assess a student’s knowledge, understanding, and application of the subject matter, as well as their ability to analyze, evaluate, and communicate effectively.

In some cases, A-Level subjects may include practical assessments or coursework in addition to the written examinations. This allows students to showcase their skills and understanding in a more hands-on manner, which could contribute to their final grade.

It is crucial for students to familiarize themselves with the specific exam format and requirements for their chosen subjects, as this will help them tailor their revision and preparation strategies accordingly.

A-Level students have the option to retake or resit their exams if they are unsatisfied with their initial results. This offers them the opportunity to improve their grades and potentially secure a place at their desired university or course.

Retaking an exam typically involves sitting the examination again during the next available exam session, usually the following academic year. Students should consult with their teachers or tutors to determine the best approach to revising for a retake and identify any areas that may need additional focus.

Resits, on the other hand, are specific to coursework-based subjects. Students can resubmit their coursework for re-assessment, with the aim of achieving a higher grade.

It is essential to carefully consider the implications of retakes and resits, as they may impact a student’s university application timeline and overall workload. However, they can also provide a valuable opportunity to demonstrate one’s determination, resilience, and commitment to academic success.

In conclusion, A-Level examinations are the culmination of a student’s hard work and dedication to their chosen subjects. By adequately preparing for the exams, understanding the format, and considering the options of retakes and resits, students can optimize their chances of success and open doors to future opportunities.

A-Level Results and University Applications

Upon completion of A-Level studies, students receive their results, which play a significant role in determining their university prospects. In this section, we will discuss the  UCAS Points System , the differences between  conditional and unconditional offers , and the processes of  clearing and adjustment .

The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) is the central organization responsible for managing applications to higher education courses in the UK. A crucial aspect of the UCAS process is the  UCAS Tariff points system . This system assigns a specific number of points to each A-Level grade, allowing universities to set entry requirements and make offers in a standardized manner.

The table below illustrates the points allocated for each A-Level grade:

Students should be familiar with the UCAS points system and understand the requirements for their desired university courses. For more information on A-Level grading, refer to our guide on the a-levels grading system.

After submitting their university applications through UCAS, students may receive two types of offers:  conditional  and  unconditional .

A  conditional offer  means that the university has agreed to accept the student, provided they meet specific grade requirements in their A-Levels. It is crucial for students to be aware of these conditions and strive to achieve the necessary grades.

On the other hand, an  unconditional offer  implies that the student has already satisfied the university’s entry requirements, and their place is guaranteed. This may occur when a student has already completed their A-Levels or has demonstrated exceptional aptitude in other ways, such as relevant work experience or outstanding performance in extracurricular activities.

In some instances, students may not receive offers from their preferred universities or may not meet the conditions of their offers. In such cases, the  clearing  process comes into play. Clearing is a UCAS service that helps students find available courses at other universities. It runs from July to September each year and provides an opportunity for students to secure a place at a university that suits their interests and qualifications.

Conversely, if a student performs better than expected in their A-Levels and exceeds the conditions of their firm offer, they may be eligible for the  adjustment  process. Adjustment allows students to explore alternative courses with higher entry requirements while still holding onto their original offer. This process typically lasts for five days, during which students can research and apply to different institutions without jeopardizing their initial offer.

Understanding the processes of clearing and adjustment can help students navigate the uncertainties of A-Levels results day and make informed decisions about their university options.

In conclusion, A-Level results and university applications are closely intertwined, with the UCAS points system, conditional and unconditional offers, and clearing and adjustment processes playing vital roles in shaping students’ higher education journeys. By mastering these aspects and performing well in their A-Level examinations, students can maximize their chances of securing a place at their desired university and pursuing a fulfilling academic career.

Final Thoughts

As we reach the end of our exploration into  A-Levels , it is essential to reflect on the critical role they play in shaping future opportunities for students in the UK. A-Levels not only serve as a stepping stone to higher education but also contribute significantly to the development of essential skills and knowledge in various subject areas. These qualifications allow students to showcase their competence in their chosen subjects, ultimately helping them secure a place at their desired university or embark on a fulfilling career path.

A-Level results have a direct impact on university applications. As students accumulate UCAS points based on their exam performance, it is crucial to remember that a strong performance in A-Levels can lead to conditional or unconditional offers from prestigious universities. In some cases, students may also have the opportunity to participate in clearing and adjustment processes to explore additional university options.

Achieving success in A-Levels requires dedication, effective time management, and a clear understanding of the  A-Levels curriculum . The following tips can help students excel in their A-Level studies:

• Set realistic goals : Establishing achievable targets for both short-term and long-term objectives will allow students to maintain focus and motivation throughout their A-Level journey.
• Develop a study plan : Creating a structured study plan that allocates sufficient time for each subject will ensure that students cover all necessary material and avoid last-minute cramming during A-Levels past papers revision.
• Stay organized : Keeping track of deadlines, coursework, and exam dates will help students manage their time effectively and avoid unnecessary stress.
• Seek additional support : If students are struggling with a particular subject or topic, reaching out to teachers, tutors, or classmates for assistance can provide valuable insights and guidance.
• Practice past papers : Regularly working through A-Levels past papers will help students familiarize themselves with the A-Levels grading system and exam format, allowing them to identify areas for improvement and refine their exam strategies.
• Maintain a healthy balance : While A-Levels are undoubtedly important, it is crucial for students to maintain a healthy balance between their studies and personal life. Engaging in hobbies, sports, and spending time with friends and family can help alleviate stress and maintain overall well-being.

In conclusion, A-Levels play an integral role in shaping the future opportunities of students in the UK. By understanding the ins and outs of these qualifications, from the curriculum to the exams themselves, students can maximize their potential and achieve their desired outcomes. With dedication, organization, and a clear understanding of the A-Levels grading system and curriculum, success in A-Level studies is well within reach.

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What are A-Levels, and how do they fit into the British education system?

A-Levels are a critical component of the British education system, typically taken in the last two years of secondary education. They provide a pathway to university education and serve as a rigorous academic qualification.

Can you provide an overview of the subjects typically offered within the A-Levels curriculum?

The A-Levels curriculum covers a wide range of subjects such as Mathematics, Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), Humanities (History, Geography), Languages, and Arts. This diversity accommodates varied career aspirations and academic interests.

How does the A-Levels program prepare students for higher education and future career paths?

A-Levels equip students with advanced subject knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking abilities, positioning them well for university studies and various career paths.

What is the structure of the A-Levels curriculum in terms of duration and subject choices?

A-Levels are usually completed in two years, with students choosing three to four subjects in the first year and continuing with three subjects in the second year. The flexibility to choose subjects aligns with career goals and university requirements.

Can you explain the grading system used for A-Levels and its significance for university admissions?

A-Levels are graded from A* to E, with universities considering these grades during the admissions process. Strong grades in relevant subjects can increase the likelihood of acceptance.

How do A-Levels differ from other secondary education programs like GCSEs or the IB?

A-Levels differ from programs like GCSEs due to their specialized focus and higher level of complexity. A-Levels are a more advanced qualification, preparing students for higher-level academic pursuits.

Are there any recommended study strategies or resources for students pursuing A-Levels?

To excel in A-Levels, create a structured revision schedule, actively engage with material through summarizing and self-testing, and use past papers to simulate exam conditions. Balance revision with breaks for optimal learning.

Can you elaborate on the importance of coursework and exams in the A-Levels assessment process?

Coursework allows students to delve deep into topics, while exams assess their comprehensive understanding. Balancing coursework and exam preparation contributes to a well-rounded assessment.

How do universities and colleges consider A-Levels results when making admissions decisions?

Universities weigh A-Levels grades as a primary criterion for admissions decisions. Strong grades showcase academic aptitude and dedication, enhancing the likelihood of acceptance.

Are there any notable success stories or examples of individuals who have benefitted from completing A-Levels?

Many students who excelled in A-Levels have gone on to thrive in their chosen fields. Their strong foundation and developed skills facilitated seamless transitions into university and successful careers.

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• How to Make Your Coursework as Good as It Can Possibly Be

Many GCSE and A-level subjects are assessed in part by coursework in addition to exams, meaning that the mark you receive for coursework contributes to your overall grade. Many students prefer coursework, because it’s a chance to showcase your academic abilities away from the high-pressured environment of the exam room, making it ideal for those who don’t perform to the best of their abilities in exams. However, the time you have available for coursework, in contrast with the time constraints of the exam room, can lull some students into a false sense of security. Coursework is arguably just as challenging as exams, just in different ways – and, given the fact that you have more time, much higher standards are expected of you in coursework than in exams. Careful planning and research are needed for successful coursework, as well as strong data-gathering and essay-writing skills. In this article, we look at how to produce excellent coursework, from planning to proofreading. This information might also be useful to you if you’re planning on attending an Oxford Summer School this summer.

What is coursework?

GCSE and A-level coursework typically takes the form of an extended essay or project. Its objectives vary from one subject to another, but there’s usually an emphasis on the student conducting independent research into a topic of their own choice. Thus coursework often takes the form of some sort of investigation; it may, therefore, help to have your ‘detective’ hat on as you explore, investigate and analyse your topic. You can usually work on your coursework at home, though it’s sometimes completed under controlled conditions through sessions at school. To give you a better idea of how coursework varies from one subject to another, here are some examples:

• English – English coursework usually takes the form of an extended essay with a title of your choice. You’re usually given a choice of themes and/or texts to explore, and you could choose a format such as a comparison between a set text and another one.
• Geography – Geography coursework usually focuses on the gathering, reporting and interpretation of data designed to answer a particular geographical question. You could investigate usage of a shopping centre, for example, or look at erosion on a particular beach.
• Sciences – coursework for science subjects often takes the form of a scientific project or experiment that you conduct and report on yourself.

Before you start work on your coursework, it’s essential that you have a thorough understanding of the rules. Failing to conform to the rules – inadvertently or not – may result in your coursework (or possibly even your entire qualification) being disqualified, so it’s a serious matter.

• No plagiarism – this is particularly dangerous given the ready availability of relevant information on the internet these days. Make sure everything is in your own words; you’ll need to sign a declaration stating that it’s your own original work.
• There’s only so much help your teacher can give you . They can provide guidance on what you need to include, and on what the examiners will be looking for. You can ask them questions, but they’ll usually only be able to check through your first draft once and offer broad hints on updating it.
• Check the word count , and stick to it. Find out whether footnotes, appendices and bibliographies are included in the word count.
• Check what topics you’re allowed to do your coursework on; if there’s an exam on this topic, you’ll almost certainly have to choose a different one for your coursework.

Choose your topic wisely

Ideally, choose something you’re genuinely interested in, as your enthusiasm will come across and you’ll find it more enjoyable to write. If there’s something you’ve been working on for the course so far that you’ve particularly enjoyed, you may be able to focus more on this as part of your coursework. For science coursework, you’ll need to choose something to investigate that you can measure, change and control; it should be what’s called a ‘fair test’, meaning that you have to acknowledge all the controls you use in the experiment and why. Try not to pick a topic for which the scope is too vast, as you’ll struggle to research it properly and you’re unlikely to do it justice, and it’ll be hard to keep within the word limit. Ask your teachers for some guidance on choosing your topic if you’re not sure what to write about; they might even tell you a bit about what previous students have done to give you some inspiration.

Plan how long it’s going to take

Never leave your coursework until the last minute, even if this is your normal approach to essays and it usually works for you. Make sure you understand when the deadlines are, including time for submitting a first draft for comments from your teacher. Then schedule blocks of time for working on it, allowing plenty of time before the deadline to cater for any unexpected delays. Allow ample time for making corrections based on teacher feedback on your first draft, and keep some time aside before the deadline for final editing and proofreading. Because actual deadlines are few and far between, you’ll need to take responsibility for the writing process and impose some deadlines on yourself to ensure it’s finished in time. Write down your deadlines on a calendar, with the coursework broken into stages and dates assigned to each, by which time each task should be complete. You can base your stages on the next few points in this article – research and data gathering, a structure plan for the piece of work, writing up, and so on.

Conducting your research and gathering data

As coursework is primarily a research exercise, the research phase is crucial, so don’t be tempted to skimp on it and go straight to writing up. Use as many different resources as you can to gather data: books, journals, newspapers, television, radio, the internet and anything else you think might be relevant. For science and Geography coursework, you’ll need to base your work on a hypothesis, so the research stage should start by coming up with at least one hypothesis, otherwise your research will lack direction. The research phase for some subjects may involve site visits for gathering data, so allow plenty of time for this, particularly if you need your parents to drive you somewhere to do so. If it’s a scientific experiment you’re conducting for your coursework, you’ll need to pay careful attention to planning the experiment using rigorous scientific methods (also noting what Health and Safety precautions you are taking), as well as reading up on the background and theory so that you have an idea of what to expect from the outcome of your experiment. In the research stage, make notes about what you expect to happen, so that you can later compare your expectations with what actually did happen. The experiment itself also forms part of the research and data-gathering stage for your science coursework; in the write-up stage, which we come onto shortly, you analyse and write up the results.

Plan your structure

Once you’ve completed your research, the process of writing up begins. Before you get down to the actual writing, however, it’s advisable to write a plan for how you’re going to structure it – essentially an essay plan for English coursework and other subjects for which the coursework is based on an extended essay. It’ll look slightly different from an essay plan for science subjects and others that revolve around project work, but the principle is the same: plan out what order you’re going to present your information in. For big projects, this is particularly important, because with a lot of information to convey, you risk being disorganised and waffling.

Writing up your project

For any coursework, but particularly coursework based around an extended essay, you’ll need to perfect your essay-writing abilities. For science coursework, writing up your project also involves data analysis, as you interpret the results of your experiment and work your notes into formal scientific language. Follow the links below to find lots more useful advice on writing great essays.

• How to write dazzlingly brilliant essays
• How to write more original essays
• Techniques from creative writing that can improve your essays

When you’re writing up, it’s important to find a place where you can work quietly, without distractions that could cause you to make careless errors. You wouldn’t want noise or distractions when you were in an exam room, so treat your coursework with the same reverence.

Supporting materials and images

For some subjects, namely the sciences and Geography, it would be appropriate to include images, graphs, charts, tables and so on in your coursework. For example, for Geography coursework, your extra material could include annotated images and maps of the site you’re talking about, plus tables, graphs and charts. An appendix could then detail your raw data; if, for example, your coursework focused on the results of a survey, you could put the raw survey responses in an appendix and provide summaries and analysis in the main body of the coursework.

Footnotes and bibliography

As we said earlier, it’s important that you always use your own words in your coursework to avoid the possibility of falling foul of plagiarism rules. However, it’s acceptable to quote from another source, as you would in any piece of academic writing, but you must make sure that you state where it is from and use quotation marks to show that it’s a quote from somewhere else. The best way of citing another work is to use a footnote; word processors will allow you to insert one, and it just puts a little number at the end of the sentence and another in the footer of the document, into which you put the name of the author and work, and the page within that work that the quote can be found. At the end of your piece of work, include a bibliography that includes a list of every external source you’ve used in the creation of your coursework. Stick to a set formula when including books. A common format is: Author Surname, Initial. (Date) – Title of Book , page number For example: Lewis, C.S. (1960) – Studies in Words , p. 45 When you get to university, you’ll be expected to include footnotes and bibliographies in all your essays, so it’s a good habit to get into and coursework gives you good practice at it.

The final pre-submission check

Having completed a first draft, received feedback from your teacher, and honed your work into a finished piece of coursework, have a final check through it before you send off your coursework for submission.

• Sense check : have a read through your completed piece of work and check that it all makes sense. Make sure you haven’t contradicted yourself anywhere, or repeated yourself, or laboured the point. If there are any facts that you may have meant to look up to double check their accuracy, do so now.
• Word count : ensure that the completed work falls within the word count, and double check whether the bibliography should be included in the word count. If you’ve exceeded it, you’ll need to work through the piece and tighten up your writing, omitting unnecessary information, reordering sentences so that they use fewer words, and so on.
• Proofread : check your spelling and grammar, and ensure that there are no typos. Don’t just use the spellcheck – go through it with a fine toothcomb, manually, and if you can, ask someone to read through it for you to see if they spot anything you haven’t.
• Formatting : check that you’ve included page numbers, and that the font and line spacing is consistent throughout the work. Ensure that the font is plain and easy to read, such as Arial or Times New Roman.
• Bibliography : check that you’ve included everything, that the format is the same for all sources mentioned, and that the right information is included for each.

Once this stage is complete, you’re ready to submit your coursework along with your declaration that it’s entirely your own work. Get ready for a feeling of immense satisfaction when you finally send off your hard work!

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Study an A Level from home

With distance learning A Levels, it’s never too late to study for the qualifications you want and need.

Whether you are looking to study your A Levels online , from home or at work, we have the perfect course to suit you.

A Levels are widely recognised by employers and allow you to explore subjects in real depth, so that you can explore further into subjects that interest you.

A Levels add significant value to your CV. Whether you need them to progress on to further education such as university, or you need them to progress in your career, A Levels can really help accelerate your plans.

With Open Study College, you can study exactly the same course as someone in a traditional college, but with the flexibility and benefits of home learning.

Our A Levels use the latest syllabuses from all three of the UK’s official A level awarding bodies, AQA, Edexcel and OCR. We are careful to select the syllabus for each subject that best suits home study. That way, you can feel confident you are receiving the best possible course for your needs.

We have a  94% pass rate ** with our A Levels. You can find out more about how studying your A Levels via distance learning works, and the benefits below.

Studying A Levels around your schedule

Studying your A Levels through distance learning at Open Study College is a more flexible way of achieving your goals without the commitment of attending college.

Not everyone is the same and actually attending college or sixth form is not for everyone…

Perhaps you are a full time carer for a family member or friend. Maybe you have a full time job. Or possibly you don’t work well in stressful environments.

Whatever your situation or background, our distance learning approach means that you can study your A Levels at your own pace, in your own environment. As long as you have your course materials and access to emails, you will be able to study your fully recognised A Level course.

There’s no need to wait until September to start your A Levels. You can enrol with Open Study College at any time of year.

Studying from home means you can work towards your A Levels flexibly to suit your lifestyle, keeping your motivation high and eliminating any barriers.

Fill out the form below and one of our friendly student advisers will be in touch shortly.

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We offer 20 different A Level subjects, from English and Maths, to Politics and Psychology!

What are A Levels?

• A Levels are level 3 qualifications typically offered at colleges and sixth forms
• Recognised and valued all around the world by all universities and employers
• Each A Level is worth up to 56 UCAS points, allowing entry to UK universities and higher education colleges

Trusted qualifications

The A Levels that we offer are fully accredited by one of three major awarding UK bodies, just the same as in any sixth form or college.

• AQA  awards more than half of all A Levels nationally
• Edexcel  is the largest UK awarding body
• OCR  is Europe’s largest assessment agency

The syllabus for each subject is chosen carefully to ensure that our A Levels are as well-suited to distance learning as possible.

Expert tutor support

All our tutors are highly qualified, with proven expertise in their subjects. So, you are guaranteed expert support in the subject you are studying.

They will offer you one-to-one academic support by email and will help you with any questions you have about your studies.

We also have a dedicated Learner Services team for you to call in case of non-subject-related queries. If there’s anything that you need, there will always be someone willing to help you.

High-quality course materials

Depending on how you choose to study your A Levels, you will either receive access to online course materials, or a printed study pack which is delivered to you.

Both of these study methods are designed to cover all course content in a clear, manageable chapters, with learning activities to record your progress. Find out more on our FAQs page.

Examinations and practicals

With all our A Level courses, we give you the option to have your exams and practicals (where applicable) included in the cost of the course. We will book these for you, all you need to do is let us know when you are ready to take your exams!

If you would prefer the freedom of booking the exams yourself, we also offer courses without the exams.

Thinking of going to university?

A Levels are assessed mainly through examinations, and in some cases, coursework and/or practicals too, which are then combined to give a final grade. If you are planning to go on to higher education, this grade can then be translated into Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) points. You will be awarded up to 56 points per A Level which can then be added together to reach the total number of UCAS points required by your chosen university.

To help you achieve the best possible grade, our courses include carefully-devised learning activities, as well as a number of tutor-marked assignments, so you get detailed feedback to help you fine-tune your technique before you take the exam. Your assignments can also help your personal tutor to provide you with a predicted grade, where this is required for your university application.

Explore our A Levels

A Level Accounting

A Level Biology

A Level Business Studies

A Level Chemistry

A Level Classical Civilisation

A Level Economics

A Level English Language and Literature

A level english literature.

A Level Environmental Science

A Level Further Maths

A Level Geography

A Level History

A Level Law

A Level Maths

A Level Philosophy

A Level Physics

A Level Politics

A Level Psychology

A Level Religious Studies

A Level Sociology

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A Level courses open doors for individuals looking to pursue university education and/or enhance their careers. In the UK, A Level qualifications (and equivalents) are generally required for university entrance and are usually taken after GCSE education at secondary school. However, A Level courses are regularly taken by people of all ages for a variety of reasons, be it to retrain in a new career, develop existing professions, gain qualifications that may not have been completed earlier, or to expand their knowledge in an area of interest.  

Course Content and Qualifications

A Level courses are usually more theory-based than practical, delivering a high-level of academic knowledge through traditional study. Individuals can find A Level courses in a variety of core academic subjects and more specialist or contemporary topics. 

An A Level typically take two years to complete and is split up into two parts: AS Level for the first year and A2 Level for the second year. To achieve an A Level qualification, students will usually need to take an examination on completion of preparatory study or coursework. A Level courses cover the necessary content required to thoroughly prepare for examinations, which will need to be arranged with a local exam centre.

There is a wide range of open A Level courses available, with the majority offered as online distance courses. This format is ideal for working professionals looking to complete their A Levels at their own pace and in their own time. Evening classes are also available.

International Recognition

A Levels are accredited worldwide, meaning most countries accept the qualification as a way of gaining acceptance to a college or university. To attend almost any study programme offered by colleges and universities in the UK, Ireland and around the world, an A level can make the application process easier to complete.

Training courses in many fields in countries as diverse as Pakistan, the Seychelles and Singapore also use A Levels as part of their own educational system. A Level courses are useful for international students looking to access a British-based university education. 

Frequently asked questions

What is an a-level.

An A-Level is a qualification taken after completing secondary education and is widely recognised for university admission. A-Levels are subject-specific and are typically studied in-depth over two years, with final exams taken at the end of the course.

What do I need to study an A-Level?

You will need to have completed your GCSEs and meet the specific entry requirements of your chosen course, which may include having achieved a certain grade in related subjects or having relevant work experience

How long does it take to study for an A-Level?

An A-Level course usually takes two years to complete, with exams taken at the end of each year. During the course, students will study their chosen subjects in-depth, with the aim of achieving the grades required for their desired university course or career path.

How much does an A-Level course at college cost?

A-Level course costs vary depending on the college and subject, but students aged 16-18 in the UK can typically study for free or with reduced fees, as the government offers funding for education at this age. Some colleges may charge fees for older students or for courses with additional resources or equipment. Students may also be eligible for financial support, such as bursaries or scholarships.

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A Level History Coursework AQA – A Guide

• Post author By admin
• Post date January 8, 2024
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This guide shows you how to plan, research and write A Level History Coursework for AQA using ideas, resources, examples and structure. This coursework is weighted in the following format. Assessment Objective One (AO1) 10% (20 marks), Assessment Objective Two (AO2) 5% (10 marks) and Assessment Objective Three (AO3) 5% (10 marks). For AQA coursework this gives a total of 20% (40 marks) divided as shown above across all three of the A Level History Assessment Objectives.

A Level History Coursework AQA – Ideas, Examples and Resources

Choosing an Issue and Question – You are required to identify an issue or topic that you wish to study and develop a question from this. This gives a broad scope for potential questions. There are however two specific requirements of the question.

• The question must not duplicate any of the content that you are studying for examination assessment in components 1 and 2.
• The question must place the issue or topic in the context of approximately 100 years of history.

Question Ideas, Example and Selection

There are two potential ways to ensure that you cover the 100 year requirement for this coursework. You could identify an issue and related question which traces development over approximately 100 years. Alternatively, you could focus on a narrower issue but place it in the context of a 100 year period. Lets look at a couple of examples below to make this clear.

• Q1. Q. ‘Despite a period of unprecedented economic and social change, British women remained marginalised and downtrodden’. During the period 1760-1867, assess the validity of this view. – This is the perfect example of a broad issue and question from which you could analyse development over the time period.
• Q2. In the context of the period 1905 to 2003, to what extent was the Cuban missile crisis the biggest turning point in the relationship between Russia and the USA? – This question highlights a more specific issue (the Cuban missile crisis) and places it in context of the relationship between the two countries over the c100 year period.

There are some key points to consider when selecting a question for your coursework.

• Question formulation – Students are advised to use the type of question formulations seen in AQA examinations and shown in the examples above.
• Historiographical debate – There needs to be a scholarly debate around the question or issue. This means differing views on the question from different historians. This makes it easier to select appropriate works to analyse and compare.
• Primary sources – Is there a range of primary sources and primary material available to support the coursework? These primary resources need to be accessible to the student.

Coursework Resources

• Library – school, local, college, university – you should be able to borrow appropriate works.
• Teacher – your teacher should be able to provide you with copies of appropriate resources to use.
• JSTOR – www.jstor.org – contains a large collection of journal articles from historical publications covering numerous topics. These will often engage in the historical debate by replying to opposing views.
• Purchase Books – many second-hand books are available to purchase at very cheap prices through Amazon or similar sites.

A Level History Coursework AQA – Structure and Planning

First section – introduction to the question (c. 350 words).

Introduction to the overall topic. You need to put the question into context by providing relevant information regarding what was happening at the time. You then need to define any key terms in the question. For the British women example question above you would need to define ‘remained marginalised and downtrodden’ .

This we could do by defining;

• remained as showing continuity rather than change
• marginalised as a group treated as insignificant and peripheral. 
• downtrodden as a group oppressed or treated badly by those in power.

You would then need to set-out valid criteria by which the question can be judged in order to provide an accurate answer. These criteria will go on to become your factors as you can see in the plan below.

For the British women example question, we could potentially use the following criteria to judge whether they remained marginalised and downtrodden. Did women’s lives change for the better, during the period, in the following different areas?

• Socially and Culturally
• Legally and Politically
• Education and Work

Second Section – Historians Viewpoints (c. 800 words – 400 each)

In this section we look at the viewpoints of two different academic historians. In order to achieve the highest marks, Level 5 (9-10 Marks) we need to do the following:

• Show a very good understanding of the differing historical interpretations raised in the question.
• Convincingly evaluate the interpretations with reference to time, context and/or limitations placed on the historians.

Using the example Cold War question shown above, you could analyse the views of a US historian writing after the Cold War has ended, with a Soviet historian writing during the period. This would enable you to contrast the content of both works and evaluate the interpretations given. This would also show how the time period affected the works, how limitations affected the works, how purpose affected the works, amongst many other issues that help to explain the authors differing viewpoints.

Third Section – Factor 1 and Source 1 (c. 650 words Factor 1 and 350 words Source 1)

In this section you cover the first factor that you have identified from your criteria in the introduction, as well as one of your primary sources that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question this section would concentrate on the Socially and Culturally factor that we are using as criteria to answer the question. Crucially you have to cover the time period and show your understanding of change and continuity as illustrated by the mark scheme detailed below.

• Level 5 (17-20) marks – Very good understanding of change and continuity within the context of approximately 100 years.

You then add to this section your evaluation of your first primary source that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question you would have a primary source that related to the Socially and Culturally factor being covered here.

Fourth Section – Factor 2 and Source 2 (c. 650 words Factor 2 and 350 words Source 2 )

In this section you cover the second factor that you have identified from your criteria in the introduction, as well as one of your primary sources that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question this section would concentrate on the Legally and Politically factor that we are using as criteria to answer the question. Crucially you have to cover the time period and show your understanding of change and continuity as illustrated by the mark scheme detailed below.

You then add to this section your evaluation of your first primary source that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question you would have a primary source that related to the Legally and Politically factor being covered here.

Fifth Section – Factor 3 and Source 3 (c. 650 words Factor 3 and 350 words Source 3 )

In this section you cover the second factor that you have identified from your criteria in the introduction, as well as one of your primary sources that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question this section would concentrate on the Education and Work factor that we are using as criteria to answer the question. Crucially you have to cover the time period and show your understanding of change and continuity as illustrated by the mark scheme detailed below.

You then add to this section your evaluation of your first primary source that matches with this theme. So for the British women example question you would have a primary source that related to the Education and Work factor being covered here.

Sixth Section – Overall Conclusion (c. 350 words)

In the final section you need to produce an overall conclusion that fully answers the coursework question. So for the British women question you would be answering ‘did they remain marginalised and downtrodden during this period?’. This will take into account everything you have considered throughout the piece of work including your criteria, the viewpoints of the academic historians, the primary sources and the factors that you have covered from your criteria. In reaching a final judgement and conclusion, you need to take into account the entire period considering continuity and change across it, as you should have done throughout the rest of the coursework.

A Level History Coursework AQA – Primary Source Analysis

Looking at the primary source mark scheme table from the AQA website can help you to understand the requirements. Firstly, you must ensure that three sources are used and that there are a minimum of two different types (can be two different types of written source). To achieve the highest marks you must then ensure that a range of relevant and well supported comments are made on the value of the sources. Finally, you must provide a balanced and convincing judgement on the merits of each source in relation to our question.

Assessing Your Primary Sources

• Provenance – The five W’s of Who, Why, What, When, Where; can help you to identify the provenance of a primary source and assess its value or limitations.
• Tone and Emphasis – How does the tone and emphasis impact the value of the source. Is it impartial, critical, formal, aggressive, empathetic, mocking, candid etc?
• Content – What is the actual content of the source saying? How true is this in terms of your contextual knowledge? Is there value in the inaccuracies of the content?
• Value/Limitations and Judgement – The above three points ( Provenance, Tone and Emphasis and Content ) can be used to assess how much we can learn from the source, by weighing up value and limitations, as well as giving judgement on the merit of the source.

How To Improve Further at A Level History

Pass A Level History – is our sister site, which shows you step by step, how to most effectively answer any A Level History extract, source or essay question. Please click the following link to visit the site and get access to your free preview lesson. www.passalevelhistory.co.uk

Previous and Next Blog Posts

Previous  – A Level History Coursework Edexcel Guide –  passhistoryexams.co.uk/a-level-history-coursework-edexcel/

Next  – A Level History Extract Questions – How To Answer –  passhistoryexams.co.uk/a-level-history-extract-questions/

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Which A-Levels Don’t Have Coursework?

We know that A-Level coursework can be challenging, so if you prefer exams have a look at this article to see which subjects don’t have any coursework

Almost 800,000 students took A-Levels in 2022 and many of them had A-Level coursework. Below we outline some of the benefits and challenges of A-Level coursework and give you a list of subjects which don’t have any coursework if you’re set on avoiding it!

A-Level coursework is a component of some A-Level subjects that allows students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a particular subject through practical or research-based projects. Coursework can be very rewarding for students. It requires planning, research, and execution of the projects, which helps to develop important skills such as time management, research skills, and project management. In addition to the practical skills, coursework also gives you the opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the subject in a more authentic and holistic way. It allows you to apply your knowledge and skills in a real-world context, which can be more engaging and meaningful than traditional exam-based assessments. A longer period of work which you develop slowly may also suit you more than exams which can be stressful in timed conditions.

However, coursework also has its challenges, and many students prefer an exam-based A-Level. Coursework can be time-consuming and stressful, and it requires a lot of self-discipline and organisation to complete. In this article we outline which A-Levels don’t have coursework so you can make the decisions for your A-Levels which are best for you. But it is important not to base your A-Level decisions on coursework alone, have a look at our recent article on choosing your A-Level subjects for some more advice.

#1. Maths and Further Maths

The assessment for A-level Maths and Further Maths is entirely exam-based, there is no coursework component. Students will sit three exams, one for each of the pure mathematics, applied mathematics and statistics.

Both subjects are highly respected and rigorous qualifications that are widely recognized by universities and employers. They are both two-year courses that typically cover topics such as calculus, algebra, geometry, and statistics. Students are required to have a strong foundation in mathematics, typically having achieved a good grade in GCSE Mathematics.

The course is divided into two main parts, pure mathematics and applied mathematics. Pure mathematics focuses on algebra, calculus, and geometry, while applied mathematics deals with mathematical models and methods used in various fields such as physics, engineering, and economics.

#2. Economics

A-Level Economics is another subject which does not have any coursework, instead students will sit three exams, one for each of the microeconomics, macroeconomics and one on a contemporary topic of their choice. It is a two-year course that provides students with a comprehensive understanding of economic theory and its application to real-world issues. It covers a wide range of topics, such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, international trade, and economic history. Students are typically required to have a good grade in GCSE Mathematics as the course includes mathematical models and calculations.

The course is divided into two main parts: microeconomics, which deals with the behaviour of individual consumers and firms, and macroeconomics, which deals with the performance of the economy as a whole. Students will learn about economic concepts such as supply and demand, elasticity, inflation, and unemployment, as well as the role of government in the economy.

#3. Business

A-level Business is a two-year course that provides students with a comprehensive understanding of business theory and its application to real-world issues. It is an entirely exam-based course, with no coursework component. The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of how businesses operate, how they make decisions and how they respond to changes in the environment.

The course is divided into two main parts: business studies and accounting. Business studies covers topics such as marketing, human resources, operations and strategy. Accounting covers topics such as financial statements, budgeting, and financial analysis. Students will learn about business concepts such as market research, the marketing mix, and financial ratios, as well as the role of government in the economy.

A-level French is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the French language and culture. It is an entirely exam-based course, with no coursework component, but note that there is often an oral exam. So whilst this is not coursework, it is not your classic written exam. The course is designed to improve students' communicative skills in French, as well as their understanding of the culture of French-speaking countries. The course covers topics such as grammar, vocabulary, translation, and literature. Students will also explore the culture, society, and politics of French-speaking countries.

#5. Psychology

A-level Psychology is a two-year course that provides students with an understanding of the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. It is an entirely exam-based course, with no coursework component. The course covers a wide range of topics such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, abnormal psychology, and research methods.

Students will learn about key psychological theories and research, as well as how to design and conduct psychological research. They will also learn about the practical applications of psychology in areas such as mental health, education and criminal justice.

#6. Sociology

Sociology is another subject which has no coursework, just exam-based assessment. It is a two-year course that provides students with an understanding of the scientific study of human society and social behaviour. The course covers a wide range of topics such as social inequality, culture and identity, crime and deviance, and research methods.

Students will learn about key sociological theories, concepts and research, as well as how to design and conduct sociological research. They will also learn about the practical applications of sociology in areas such as education, work, family, and crime.

#7. Spanish

Like French, A-Level Spanish does not have any coursework, just a combination of written and oral exams. A-level Spanish is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the Spanish language and culture. The course is designed to help students improve their communicative skills in Spanish and gain a deeper understanding of the culture and society of Spanish-speaking countries.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as grammar, vocabulary, translation, and literature. They will also explore the culture, society, and politics of Spanish-speaking countries. The assessment for A-level Spanish is entirely exam-based, there is no coursework component. Students will sit three exams, one for each of the listening, speaking and reading and writing. These exams are usually taken at the end of the second year of the course.

It's a challenging course, but it is also incredibly rewarding. Not only will you improve your Spanish language skills, but you will also gain a deeper understanding of the culture and society of Spanish-speaking countries. Plus, it's a great opportunity to open doors for future travel, study or work abroad, and to improve your employability. You will come out of the course with a great set of skills and a new perspective on the world!

#8. Accounting

Like many other maths-based subjects, A-Level Accounting does not have any coursework. A-level Accounting is a two-year course that provides students with a comprehensive understanding of financial accounting and its application to real-world issues. It's designed to teach students how to analyze and interpret financial statements, as well as how to prepare them.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as financial statements, budgeting, and financial analysis. You'll learn about accounting concepts such as double-entry bookkeeping, debits and credits, and financial ratios. It might sound like a lot of numbers and figures, but it’s a very interesting and engaging course. You'll develop your analytical and problem-solving skills, and learn how to apply accounting theory to real-world issues. Plus, it's highly valued by universities and employers, as it's relevant to a wide range of careers such as finance, business, and management. By the end of the course, you'll have a great set of skills that will be useful in your future career.

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#9. Ancient History

Unlike its more popular counterpart History, Ancient History does not have any coursework. But students who take both Ancient History and History may have the option to take an Ancient History topic for their A-Level History coursework.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as ancient societies, political systems, and cultural achievements. They will also study key historical figures and events and learn about the methods used by historians to study the past.

#10. Arabic

Like many other language A-Levels, Arabic has no coursework and is entirely exam-based. A-level Arabic provides students with an in-depth understanding of the Arabic language, culture and society. The course is designed to help students improve their communicative skills in Arabic, as well as their understanding of the culture and society of Arabic-speaking countries.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as grammar, vocabulary, translation, and literature. They will also explore the culture, society, and politics of Arabic-speaking countries.

#11. Biology

Most A-Level Biology specifications have no coursework, just written exams at the end of the course. Biology provides students with an in-depth understanding of the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of the natural world, as well as the ability to analyse and interpret scientific data.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as cell biology, genetics, ecology, and physiology. They will also study key biological concepts and theories and learn about the methods used by scientists to study living organisms.

#12. Chemistry

There is no coursework in A-Level Chemistry, however, your performance during practicals will be assessed. A-level Chemistry is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the scientific study of matter and its properties. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of the fundamental principles of chemistry, as well as the ability to analyze and interpret scientific data.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, thermodynamics, and organic chemistry. They will also study key chemical concepts and theories and learn about the methods used by scientists to study matter.

#13. German

Like the other languages, A-Level German doesn’t have coursework but may have an oral exam. It provides students with an in-depth understanding of the German language, culture and society. The course is designed to help students improve their communicative skills in German, as well as their understanding of the culture and society of German-speaking countries.

#14. Physics

Similar to other sciences, A-Level Physics doesn’t have any written coursework but performance in practicals may be assessed. A-level Physics is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the scientific study of matter, energy and their interactions. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of the fundamental principles of physics, as well as the ability to analyze and interpret scientific data.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as mechanics, waves, electricity and magnetism, and nuclear physics. They will also study key physical concepts and theories and learn about the methods used by scientists to study the physical world.

Check your specification for this one as there have been some changes in recent years and it may vary between exam boards!

#16. Politics

A-Level Politics is entirely exam-based with no coursework, but the exams are very essay-heavy. It is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the political systems, governance, and political ideologies. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of the political world, as well as the ability to analyse and interpret political concepts and issues.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as democracy, political ideologies, and international relations. They will also study key political concepts and theories and learn about the methods used by political scientists to study politics

#17. Religious Studies

A-Level RS doesn’t have coursework, just exams at the end of the second year. It is a two-year course that provides students with an in-depth understanding of different religions, belief systems and their impact on individuals and society. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of religion and belief, as well as the ability to analyse and interpret religious texts, concepts and issues.

During the course, students will cover a wide range of topics such as theology, philosophy, and ethics of major world religions. They will also study key religious concepts and theories, and learn about the methods used by religious studies scholars to study religion.

Final thoughts

A-Level coursework can be daunting, but don’t be put off if your favourite subject has some. If you want to choose an A-Level with coursework but feel like you may struggle with coming up with an idea, the research or writing process, have a chat to one of our expert A-Level tutors who has received an A* in the subject themselves. They have been through the process themselves and can give you all the best tips and advice first-hand as well as helping guide you through your ideas and writing process.

Quick note: We have tried our best to cover all of the A-Levels which don’t have coursework in this article, but make sure to check the details of your exam board in case there are any changes.

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Megan recently graduated from Oxford University, achieving a first class degree in PPE. She has has six years of tutoring experience, teaching a range of subjects at GCSE and A-Level, as well as helping students with their applications to university including Oxbridge.

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Ways to get a BSN degree 

By Michael Feder

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

Reviewed by Raelene Brooks , Dean, College of Nursing

In this article

• How to get your Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree
• BSN admissions requirements
• BSN coursework
• Skills you’ll learn in a BSN degree program
• Earning a BSN at University of Phoenix

Registered nurses (RNs) are a vital part of the healthcare system and can pursue numerous specializations. (The field has Many types of nurses , including charge nurses and travel nurses, for example.) From patient advocacy to hands-on treatment, they provide essential care in hospitals, clinics, outpatient surgery centers, public healthcare settings and more.

To become an RN, you can take a variety of paths. You can complete a diploma nursing program or earn an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and then obtain licensure. You can continue your education and pursue a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), to enhance your career and explore new opportunities.

Ready for the challenge? Maybe it’s time to pursue an RN to BSN degree

Ultimately, the difference between an RN and a BSN is that RN describes a professional role that requires a license, whereas a BSN is a nursing degree program that allows RNs to grow their skill set, such as in leadership, and potentially adopt new roles within the nursing field.

If you’re an RN who wants to take the next step in your career, an online nursing degree can help prepare you for your nursing journey. Let’s explore how to earn a BSN, including why competency-based RN-BSN programs can streamline the process for working RNs who hold an active license.

How to get your BSN degree 

Despite the ways online coursework can make earning a degree more feasible for working adults, completing your BSN takes time and dedication. University of Phoenix is committed to removing as many barriers to education as possible by offering online programs and flexible scheduling, but it’s still essential to research all pathways before deciding which makes the most sense for your situation.

RNs who hold a bachelor’s degree in a field other than nursing and who want to enhance their careers can consider an option outside of the BSN. Nurse bridge programs , like the one offered by University of Phoenix, provide licensed nurses with an avenue for additional education and career enhancement through a Master of Science in Nursing.

An MSN program at UOPX is a post-licensure nursing program designed for nurses with current RN licensure who desire to obtain a Master of Science in Nursing with a specialization, such as Administration, Education, Informatics, Family Nurse Practitioner and Psychiatric Mental Health.

How to go from RN to BSN 

Nurses who have graduated with a nursing diploma or an ADN and who have obtained their RN licensure, can earn their BSN through the University of Phoenix’s traditional RN to BSN program track.

For nurses who have at least one year of full-time, post-high school, clinical RN work experience and who thrive in self-governed educational settings, University of Phoenix offers an RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (Competency-Based) program track.

Competency-based (CB) programs are structured differently from traditional degree programs. At UOPX, for example, students in non-CB programs usually take one class at a time. But the University’s CB programs allow taking four classes at a time.

More importantly, students in CB programs work with faculty advisors to focus their education on learning skills and knowledge they don’t already have. By scheduling regular competency assessments according to their needs and in conjunction with faculty advisors, students can spend more time learning what they don’t know and less time proving what they do know.

Students can complete the competency-based BSN program in as little as 12 months. 

How to go from an ADN to a BSN 

Nurses who hold an ADN and who have completed their RN program and NCLEX licensure, can also earn their BSN through University of Phoenix’s RN to BSN program . You will only need experience if you are looking to take the competency-based RN to BSN program .

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Understanding competency-based (CB) education

Bsn admissions requirements .

University of Phoenix’s BSN programs require candidates to hold an active, unencumbered RN license in each jurisdiction in which they have licensure.* As mentioned, applicants for the CB track must have at least one year of nursing work experience.

*Other admissions requirements include proof of U.S. citizenship or permanent residency. There’s no SAT/ACT or essay requirement, and UOPX can usually request your transcripts at no additional cost. The University accepts eligible credits from more than 5,000 accredited institutions.

Expected BSN coursework 

UOPX’s BSN program aligns with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials to deliver the necessary curriculum and expected competencies. In addition to general education coursework to help develop your knowledge of health, wellness and nutrition, you’ll complete coursework that focuses on:

• Public health fundamentals
• Healthcare policy and financial management
• Professional nursing leadership perspectives
• Ethical and legal considerations
• Research outcomes management

The degree program includes 11 core nursing courses and 47 general education credits. Students must also complete 90 direct care clinical hours. While you can take all of the instructional courses online, the clinical hours must occur in person in a community setting.

Hard and soft skills you’ll develop when earning a BSN 

The hard and soft skills you’ll learn when earning a BSN go beyond the basic skills needed for nursing , like how to administer medication and insert an IV. You’ll learn how to practice evidence-based care that reflects your knowledge of health and wellness. You’ll demonstrate professional standards of ethics and legal conduct within the healthcare industry, and you’ll learn how to better communicate within the health setting, whether that’s with patients or peers.

Skills you’ll acquire during the program include the following:

• Communication
• Critical thinking and holistic nursing
• Compassion in population health
• Professionalism
• Coordination of safe care
• Information management and communication
• Quality improvement and case management

Many of these skills can even translate to additional alternative careers to nursing , further setting you up for career success.

Potential careers after earning a BSN 

Earning your BSN can prepare you for additional career opportunities for RNs. Given that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects faster than average job growth for registered nurses between 2022 and 2032, ensuring you have the right credentials could help prepare you for your career journey. Depending upon your role and experience, nursing salaries across the country can vary.

The BSN from University of Phoenix prepares for the following roles:

• Charge nurse: Charge nurses are RNs who oversee administrative duties and coordinate between hospital leaders and general nursing staff. Their role often involves patient care as well. Many charge nurses provide crucial guidance to nurses and coordinate schedules among their teams.
• Public health nurse: Public health nurses promote and protect population health with knowledge gained from nursing, social and public health sciences. Rather than treat acute health problems, a public health nurse’s primary responsibility is to prevent disease and disability among the people in their community. Public health nurses can work in research facilities, outpatient clinics, community health clinics and other institutions. The BLS doesn’t differentiate between PHNs and other types of RNs; earning potential for this role falls in line with other RN roles.
• Director of nursing: Directors of nursing incorporate years of experience to handle the duties of overseeing an entire department’s nursing operation. In many cases, they implement policies, set budgets, manage staff and help triangulate information between administration and nurses. The BLS includes nursing directors as medical and health services managers, which can lead to increased earnings; in May 2023, salaries for this role landed between $86,080 and $157,640 .

Salary ranges are not specific to students or graduates of University of Phoenix. Actual outcomes vary based on multiple factors, including prior work experience, geographic location and other factors specific to the individual. University of Phoenix does not guarantee employment, salary level or career advancement. BLS data is geographically based. Information for a specific state/city can be researched on the BLS website.

Earning a BSN at UOPX 

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs available at University of Phoenix are excellent ways for RNs to learn relevant skills that can enhance their careers.

RNs can choose from the following bachelor’s degree programs:

• Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing : Dive into relevant topics like nursing roles and practice, research outcomes, and health information technology during this traditional, online 120-credit program.
• RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing– Competency-Based: Earn your BSN in as little as a year by leveraging your work experience, skills and self-discipline in this self-paced program.

No matter where your RN career takes you, a BSN from University of Phoenix can help you gain valuable skills that may help you achieve your future goals. 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

A graduate of Johns Hopkins University and its Writing Seminars program and winner of the Stephen A. Dixon Literary Prize, Michael Feder brings an eye for detail and a passion for research to every article he writes. His academic and professional background includes experience in marketing, content development, script writing and SEO. Today, he works as a multimedia specialist at University of Phoenix where he covers a variety of topics ranging from healthcare to IT.

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