google scholar research topics in business

Google Scholar: the ultimate guide

What is Google Scholar?

Why is google scholar better than google for finding research papers, the google scholar search results page, the first two lines: core bibliographic information, quick full text-access options, "cited by" count and other useful links, tips for searching google scholar, 1. google scholar searches are not case sensitive, 2. use keywords instead of full sentences, 3. use quotes to search for an exact match, 3. add the year to the search phrase to get articles published in a particular year, 4. use the side bar controls to adjust your search result, 5. use boolean operator to better control your searches, google scholar advanced search interface, customizing search preferences and options, using the "my library" feature in google scholar, the scope and limitations of google scholar, alternatives to google scholar, country-specific google scholar sites, frequently asked questions about google scholar, related articles.

Google Scholar (GS) is a free academic search engine that can be thought of as the academic version of Google. Rather than searching all of the indexed information on the web, it searches repositories of:

• universities
• scholarly websites

This is generally a smaller subset of the pool that Google searches. It's all done automatically, but most of the search results tend to be reliable scholarly sources.

However, Google is typically less careful about what it includes in search results than more curated, subscription-based academic databases like Scopus and Web of Science . As a result, it is important to take some time to assess the credibility of the resources linked through Google Scholar.

➡️ Take a look at our guide on the best academic databases .

One advantage of using Google Scholar is that the interface is comforting and familiar to anyone who uses Google. This lowers the learning curve of finding scholarly information .

There are a number of useful differences from a regular Google search. Google Scholar allows you to:

• copy a formatted citation in different styles including MLA and APA
• export bibliographic data (BibTeX, RIS) to use with reference management software
• explore other works have cited the listed work
• easily find full text versions of the article

Although it is free to search in Google Scholar, most of the content is not freely available. Google does its best to find copies of restricted articles in public repositories. If you are at an academic or research institution, you can also set up a library connection that allows you to see items that are available through your institution.

The Google Scholar results page differs from the Google results page in a few key ways. The search result page is, however, different and it is worth being familiar with the different pieces of information that are shown. Let's have a look at the results for the search term "machine learning.”

• The first line of each result provides the title of the document (e.g. of an article, book, chapter, or report).
• The second line provides the bibliographic information about the document, in order: the author(s), the journal or book it appears in, the year of publication, and the publisher.

Clicking on the title link will bring you to the publisher’s page where you may be able to access more information about the document. This includes the abstract and options to download the PDF.

To the far right of the entry are more direct options for obtaining the full text of the document. In this example, Google has also located a publicly available PDF of the document hosted at umich.edu . Note, that it's not guaranteed that it is the version of the article that was finally published in the journal.

Below the text snippet/abstract you can find a number of useful links.

• Cited by : the cited by link will show other articles that have cited this resource. That is a super useful feature that can help you in many ways. First, it is a good way to track the more recent research that has referenced this article, and second the fact that other researches cited this document lends greater credibility to it. But be aware that there is a lag in publication type. Therefore, an article published in 2017 will not have an extensive number of cited by results. It takes a minimum of 6 months for most articles to get published, so even if an article was using the source, the more recent article has not been published yet.
• Versions : this link will display other versions of the article or other databases where the article may be found, some of which may offer free access to the article.
• Quotation mark icon : this will display a popup with commonly used citation formats such as MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and Vancouver that may be copied and pasted. Note, however, that the Google Scholar citation data is sometimes incomplete and so it is often a good idea to check this data at the source. The "cite" popup also includes links for exporting the citation data as BibTeX or RIS files that any major reference manager can import.

Pro tip: Use a reference manager like Paperpile to keep track of all your sources. Paperpile integrates with Google Scholar and many popular academic research engines and databases, so you can save references and PDFs directly to your library using the Paperpile buttons and later cite them in thousands of citation styles:

Although Google Scholar limits each search to a maximum of 1,000 results , it's still too much to explore, and you need an effective way of locating the relevant articles. Here’s a list of pro tips that will help you save time and search more effectively.

You don’t need to worry about case sensitivity when you’re using Google scholar. In other words, a search for "Machine Learning" will produce the same results as a search for "machine learning.”

Let's say your research topic is about self driving cars. For a regular Google search we might enter something like " what is the current state of the technology used for self driving cars ". In Google Scholar, you will see less than ideal results for this query .

The trick is to build a list of keywords and perform searches for them like self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles, or driverless cars. Google Scholar will assist you on that: if you start typing in the search field you will see related queries suggested by Scholar!

If you put your search phrase into quotes you can search for exact matches of that phrase in the title and the body text of the document. Without quotes, Google Scholar will treat each word separately.

This means that if you search national parks , the words will not necessarily appear together. Grouped words and exact phrases should be enclosed in quotation marks.

A search using “self-driving cars 2015,” for example, will return articles or books published in 2015.

Using the options in the left hand panel you can further restrict the search results by limiting the years covered by the search, the inclusion or exclude of patents, and you can sort the results by relevance or by date.

Searches are not case sensitive, however, there are a number of Boolean operators you can use to control the search and these must be capitalized.

• AND requires both of the words or phrases on either side to be somewhere in the record.
• NOT can be placed in front of a word or phrases to exclude results which include them.
• OR will give equal weight to results which match just one of the words or phrases on either side.

➡️ Read more about how to efficiently search online databases for academic research .

In case you got overwhelmed by the above options, here’s some illustrative examples:

Tip: Use the advanced search features in Google Scholar to narrow down your search results.

You can gain even more fine-grained control over your search by using the advanced search feature. This feature is available by clicking on the hamburger menu in the upper left and selecting the "Advanced search" menu item.

Adjusting the Google Scholar settings is not necessary for getting good results, but offers some additional customization, including the ability to enable the above-mentioned library integrations.

The settings menu is found in the hamburger menu located in the top left of the Google Scholar page. The settings are divided into five sections:

• Collections to search: by default Google scholar searches articles and includes patents, but this default can be changed if you are not interested in patents or if you wish to search case law instead.
• Bibliographic manager: you can export relevant citation data via the “Bibliography manager” subsection.
• Languages: if you wish for results to return only articles written in a specific subset of languages, you can define that here.
• Library links: as noted, Google Scholar allows you to get the Full Text of articles through your institution’s subscriptions, where available. Search for, and add, your institution here to have the relevant link included in your search results.
• Button: the Scholar Button is a Chrome extension which adds a dropdown search box to your toolbar. This allows you to search Google Scholar from any website. Moreover, if you have any text selected on the page and then click the button it will display results from a search on those words when clicked.

When signed in, Google Scholar adds some simple tools for keeping track of and organizing the articles you find. These can be useful if you are not using a full academic reference manager.

All the search results include a “save” button at the end of the bottom row of links, clicking this will add it to your "My Library".

To help you provide some structure, you can create and apply labels to the items in your library. Appended labels will appear at the end of the article titles. For example, the following article has been assigned a “RNA” label:

Within your Google Scholar library, you can also edit the metadata associated with titles. This will often be necessary as Google Scholar citation data is often faulty.

There is no official statement about how big the Scholar search index is, but unofficial estimates are in the range of about 160 million , and it is supposed to continue to grow by several million each year.

Yet, Google Scholar does not return all resources that you may get in search at you local library catalog. For example, a library database could return podcasts, videos, articles, statistics, or special collections. For now, Google Scholar has only the following publication types:

• Journal articles : articles published in journals. It's a mixture of articles from peer reviewed journals, predatory journals and pre-print archives.
• Books : links to the Google limited version of the text, when possible.
• Book chapters : chapters within a book, sometimes they are also electronically available.
• Book reviews : reviews of books, but it is not always apparent that it is a review from the search result.
• Conference proceedings : papers written as part of a conference, typically used as part of presentation at the conference.
• Court opinions .
• Patents : Google Scholar only searches patents if the option is selected in the search settings described above.

The information in Google Scholar is not cataloged by professionals. The quality of the metadata will depend heavily on the source that Google Scholar is pulling the information from. This is a much different process to how information is collected and indexed in scholarly databases such as Scopus or Web of Science .

➡️ Visit our list of the best academic databases .

Google Scholar is by far the most frequently used academic search engine , but it is not the only one. Other academic search engines include:

• Science.gov
• Semantic Scholar
• scholar.google.fr : Sur les épaules d'un géant
• scholar.google.es (Google Académico): A hombros de gigantes
• scholar.google.pt (Google Académico): Sobre os ombros de gigantes
• scholar.google.de : Auf den Schultern von Riesen

➡️ Once you’ve found some research, it’s time to read it. Take a look at our guide on how to read a scientific paper .

No. Google Scholar is a bibliographic search engine rather than a bibliographic database. In order to qualify as a database Google Scholar would need to have stable identifiers for its records.

No. Google Scholar is an academic search engine, but the records found in Google Scholar are scholarly sources.

No. Google Scholar collects research papers from all over the web, including grey literature and non-peer reviewed papers and reports.

Google Scholar does not provide any full text content itself, but links to the full text article on the publisher page, which can either be open access or paywalled content. Google Scholar tries to provide links to free versions, when possible.

The easiest way to access Google scholar is by using The Google Scholar Button. This is a browser extension that allows you easily access Google Scholar from any web page. You can install it from the Chrome Webstore .

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• v.4(12); 2018 Dec

Topics and methods in economics, finance, and business journals: A content analysis enquiry ☆

Jorge camargo.

a School of Mathematics and Engineering, Konrad Lorenz University, Bogotá, Colombia

Maximiliano González

b School of Management, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

Alexander Guzmán

c CESA School of Business, Bogotá, Colombia

Enrique ter Horst

María–andrea trujillo.

This study analyzes the abstracts and titles of 33,454 business finance, economics, management, and business articles published in ISI (frequently cited) journals during 2013–14. The sample represents 46.4 percent of all papers published in ISI journals in those years, and 52.7 percent of the articles published in the selected categories. The journals were ranked in four Q categories according to their impact factors. The analysis revealed that some topics persisted in all Q groups, but others gained frequency by Q, which suggests that Q1 journals (those with higher impact factors) create trends that are followed by other publications. All Q groups have a methodological approach that is predominantly empirical rather than theoretical. In addition, while the business and management categories privileged case studies, economics studies emphasized panel data analyses. Finally, our study confirms the relevance of the English language in academia.

1. Introduction

All over the world, researchers are facing increasing pressure to “publish or perish”, and their preferences in terms of what to publish and where are weighed against the interests and trends of the academic editorial market. It has long been reported that journal editors influence the dissemination of certain ideas and trend topics (e.g., Hamelman and Mazze, 1974 ; Silverman, 1984 ; Chan et al., 2005 ; Bradbury, 2012 ). Our study shows how recent technological developments could help researchers undertake projects in their fields' preferred subjects of interest. This is important because the proliferation of academic journals hinders researchers' ability to choose the most appropriate place for their work. Moreover, in many institutions, tenure and promotion committees have trouble assessing a professor's academic contribution when analyzing his or her research output ( Weston, 1994 ).

While there are thousands of journals in all academic areas, the competition to be published in the leading ones remains as fierce as ever. Acceptance rates below 5 percent are common in top journals. Danielson and Heck (2010) demonstrated that, in a set of 15 high-impact accounting journals, a relatively small number of authors have published a disproportionate share of the articles. Using data for Ph.D. holders from over 25 years, Zivney and Bertin (1992) determined that less than 5 percent of the sample had published just one article per annum in finance, accounting, economics, and business.

Diamond (1986) , Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (1992) , Moore et al. (1998) , Leahey (2007) and Hamermesh (2018) demonstrated the economic impact of citations for scholars; the better the outlet where they publish, the higher the number of expected citations. Even though the citation data can be biased ( Haddad et al., 2014 ), they are still the main way to capture the influence and value of a research piece. Studies have long reported the link between publication rates and promotion and academic mobility ( Skeels and Fairbanks, 1968 ; Kenny and Studley, 1995 ; Sabatier et al., 2006 ; Zeng et al., 2017 ). Swidler and Goldreyer (1998) went even further and calculated that the present value of an article in a top finance journal ranged between $19,493 and $33,754, with additional returns for subsequent publications.

Given the small odds of publishing in top journals in any field, Danielson and Heck (2014) suggest gaining a better understanding of the “next-best” journals so that both novice and established authors may make more informed decisions about where to submit their academic manuscripts. Through these and other findings ( Borokhovich et al., 1995 , 1998 , 2000 ), researchers may become aware of prevailing and emerging topics in the literature and align their research agenda accordingly. Following Faria (2003) , assistant professors applying for tenure could balance their publication portfolios toward maximizing the number of papers published (influence), while tenured faculty may gear their publication effort toward the relevance of their papers (profusion).

There has been a rapid growth of bibliometric studies in areas such as medicine ( Xianliang and Hongying, 2012 ), big data analysis ( Akoka et al., 2017 ), environmental impact ( Geng et al., 2017 ), engineering ( Franceschini and Maisano, 2010 ), software engineering ( Garousi and Mantyla, 2016 ), and groundwater research ( Niu et al., 2014 ), among many other fields. Within a wider topic-review framework, Chen et al. (2016) applied co-word analysis on projects of China's National Natural Science Foundation, revealing “hot” topics such as game theory, supply chain management, and data mining. These studies use different methods to perform the analysis, such as counting key words frequency and publications, aggregating the h index of authors or the journal papers, or elaborating a systematic mapping of existence research. In this paper, we are not just counting or aggregating existing information. A simple word count for each category under analysis assumes independence among the different categories a priori. Instead, and as we explain in the methodology section, we calculate probabilities that are further modeled in a hierarchical manner that allows borrowing information from each category in order to have dependence among the four different categories (in our study, impact factor categories: Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4).

All in all, progress in what is called the “science of science” and a better understanding of the scientific output of any field will significantly affect promotion, tenure and recruitment decisions in academia, as well as the allocation of resources to high-impact research ( Zeng et al., 2017 ). Although there is general agreement that the key factor in publication is contributing something new and interesting to the literature, it is also true that finding an appropriate outlet is not the easy task that young researchers often take for granted.

This study reveals topics and methodological aspects in the finance, economics, management, and business literature during 2013–14. We analyzed the abstracts and titles of 33,454 papers published in 395 ISI journals under four categories: business (68 journals), business finance (61 journals), management (98 journals), and economics (168 journals). Our study reveals that some of the most frequent topics are present in all the Q groups (journal impact factors), but other topics gain frequency by Q groups.

Although we recognize that a trend represents a long-term phenomenon, our results suggest that Q1 journals attract researchers' attention and create trends that are followed by Q2, Q3, and Q4 publications. Moreover, all Q groups feature topics that also appear frequently in media and other outlets (e.g., financial crisis in finance and economics outlets; job satisfaction in business and management). This helps researchers keep abreast of issues in their disciplines and fosters dialogue between scholars and practitioners. As for methodology, our analysis found more empirical than theoretical studies in business and finance in all Q groups. Case studies predominate in business and management, but not in finance and economics. The latter features panel data analysis. As expected, most papers were published in English, confirmation of the relevance of this language in academia.

Even though our inquiry focused on four areas and a particular time period, it could be replicated in other fields and for any time horizon. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: first, we present a review of the literature regarding the publication process; we then explain our research methodology and subsequently report and discuss our results. We close with some conclusions.

2. Background

Why is it so difficult to publish in academic journals? The main reason of course could well be not finding interesting and novel questions to work on. However, other factors might also intervene, such as not being able to find the best outlet for a research piece. Through an opinion survey and content analysis, Bradbury (2012) explored the editorial policies of top accounting and finance journals. He analyzed 66 reviews of 33 manuscripts submitted to the journals and concluded that many papers were submitted prematurely to the wrong journals and were lacking a proper flow of ideas and contributions. Indeed, an important part of the research process is choosing the correct journal, and “selling” the contribution in appropriate ways.

Macdonald and Kam (2007) have argued that the pressure to publish has changed the “unit of measurement” of the quality of a paper in terms of, not what to publish in terms of contribution to knowledge but where is publish. Flagg et al. (2011) find that Ph.D. candidates outside the top ranked universities can signal their future research productivity by publishing or having revisions in top-tier journals while still enrolled in the Ph.D. program. Therefore, getting published or having research projects of interest to the academic editorial markets is of high importance even in the very first steps of an academic career. Even as far back as in Hamelman and Mazze (1974) , there is a general call to make sense of the huge number of scientific publications in terms of the quality and utility. Back then, the main approach was to ask experts in each field to provide a “score” about the merit of a set of journals. Later, researchers used citation indexes to rank journals, and measure the concentration of citations across journals and across disciplines.

Journal editors play an important role in the scientific community as moderators of the scientific “conversation” among scholars. They decide which papers and related topics get published and which do not. Therefore, it is crucial that young researchers be aware of the types of conversations going on in their fields ( Silverman, 1984 ) so that they may balance their interests with those of their peers.

The publication outlet is not only relevant for researchers but also for higher education institutions. For example, Manning and Barrette (2005) state that business schools' accreditation agencies, such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and EQUIS, use measurements of research quality in their accreditation processes. Consequently, some business schools have implemented bonuses and other incentives to push not only the quantity but also the quality of the research output of their faculty, where traditional measures about the research quality is the journal ranking ( Theoharakis and Hirst, 2002 ).

The scientific analysis of journals' impact has become a discipline in itself (the science of science) and researchers have developed methods to address the importance of papers and journals. For example, Everett and Pecotich (1991) modeled the importance, similarity, and influence of journals using Poisson and Loglinear models to generate a “map” of journals' relative characteristics and configurations. In addition, Tahai and Rigsby (1998) study the “durability” journals analyzing the patterns of citations through the years and using this information to rank journals.

Currie and Pandher (2011) divide the methods to classify journals quality into two groups: the publication citation-based and the peer assessment methods. The Active Scholar Assessment (ASA) methods they proposed ask scholar to provide relative rankings as an endogenous function of perception of quality and awareness for each journal. They also compare their journal ranking with other sources (e.g., the ISI Citation Report) and found a more monotone and less steep descent in both quality and importance after the top ranked journals.

Baden-Fuller et al. (2000) point out a circularity issue when trying to define what a “quality journal” is. For instance, scholars from top universities publish their research in “top” journals, but the classification of “top” universities usually relays where they publish their work. In the same vein, Johnson and Podsakoff (1994) , argue that of course high quality papers appear in high quality journals, but they are considered high quality papers because they were published in high quality journals.

The evaluation of academic productivity in terms of publication is the main driving force to hiring, promoting and compensating academics. Faria (2003) posits a method to classify economists into two groups: those who seek quality (influence) and those whose aim is quantity (profusion). The quality factor was measured by the number of citations, the quantity factor by the number of publications. Given the difficulty and ever-increasing competition in the publication market, researchers tend to diversify their research portfolio. In Faria (2005) the same issue is tackled, but the economists are deciding whether to publish in international or national journals. In the theoretical models of these papers, the best strategy is to find a balance between quality and quantity, and national versus international journals.

In the case of finance, given the diversity of this research field, there is no consensus on how to measure journal quality. Oltheten et al. (2005) analyze 862 survey responses by finance academics worldwide and find no major variations regarding perceptions of the top four finance journals. However, using a probit model specification, these authors find that journal quality perceptions for journals other than the top four exhibit significant differences across geographical regions, research interests, level of seniority, and journal affiliation. These findings demonstrate that it is not an easy task to select research outputs outside of the very top journals.

Borokhovich et al. (1998) report that high-quality finance journals favor certain areas or topics, and young researchers' awareness of these highly influences their tenure achievement. In this vein, the authors found that articles about corporate finance were more likely to be published in better-quality journals than papers on financial institutions. Borokhovich et al. (2000) reached similar conclusions when they ranked the quality of papers by using the SSCI's (Social Sciences Citation Index) impact factors. Papers citing other papers outside the finance field exhibited higher impact factors than those which did not.

Also in the area of finance, but applicable to other fields, Armstrong and Sperry (1994) found a strong link between the ranking of business schools and the quality of their financial research in terms of citations and journal status. Moreover, in their analysis of journal-quality measures, Borokhovich et al. (1995) observed that 20 percent of the institutions accounted for more than 76 percent of the total influence in terms of citations. Although there is theoretical and empirical evidence of the differences in the quantity and quality of research outputs by discipline ( Swanson, 2004 ), the above-mentioned finding could be extrapolated to researchers and research teams that promote given topics not only in finance but in economics and business as well ( Zeng et al., 2017 ). In addition, tools such as the Hirsch spectrum are recently being used to assess the academic quality and reputation of journals, authors, and papers ( Franceschini and Maisano, 2010 ). According to Franceschini and Maisano, their paper “introduces the Hirsch spectrum (h-spectrum) for analyzing the academic reputation of a scientific journal. h-Spectrum is a novel tool based on the Hirsch (h) index. It is easy to construct: considering a specific journal in a specific interval of time, h-spectrum is defined as the distribution representing the h-indexes associated with the authors of the journal articles. This tool allows defining a reference profile of the typical author of a journal, comparison of different journals within the same scientific field, and a rough indication of prestige/reputation of a journal in the scientific community. h-Spectrum can be associated to every journal” ( 2010 , pg. 66).

In terms of citational analysis, many fields have listed the most influential journals and authors. In finance, Alexander and Mabry (1994) produce a list of the fifty most influential articles and authors, and identify topical trends in the finance research agenda. The citational analysis is also important to study the influence of certain disciplines on others. For example, Chandy and Williams (1994) show that management, economics, marketing, and finance disciplines had great influence in the international business disciplines. These analyses can be extended even further to show how individual scholars can influence a research agenda in a given field.

Related discussions also emerge in the management and business studies field. For example, Pierce and Garven (1995) argue that the proliferation of research outputs leads business researchers to deal with the necessity to develop a publishing strategy to achieve an appropriate and timely publication of their papers. Moreover, these authors argue that a low acceptance rate can be seen as a signal of journal quality. In addition, according to Macdonald and Kam (2007) , management departments usually create a list of “quality” journals. However, these lists are created using as a benchmark other lists from other management departments, resulting in an endogenous relationship between the journal list and the quality of the journal: are the lists composed of “quality” journals, or is a journal of high “quality” because is on the list? And yet, these lists allow researchers, especially young researchers from lower-rated institutions, to make informed decisions when deciding where to submit their work ( Geary et al., 2004 ).

According to Manning and Barrette (2005) the lists of ranked journals developed by prestigious business schools are followed by others. However, in business schools, due to the inherent diversity in research subjects and methods, there is no generally accepted ranking of journals to measure research quality. Moreover, the diversity present in business and management fields are not restricted to topics and research interest. There is also great diversity in terms of languages, cultures, countries, and, more importantly, research methodologies. For example, management fields use survey-based research more than in the finance field ( Baker and Mukherjee, 2007 ).

Another empirical regularity observed in the discussion of the quantity and quality of research output in the management field is the concentration of articles from universities and individuals. As stated in Swanson et al. (2007) higher concentration occurs when journals acquire goods, in this case research articles, from fewer suppliers, which in this case are universities and individual researchers. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, Swanson finds that privately sponsored journals are more concentrated by school than association-sponsored journals. For the case of the main 14 business journals, 10 association-sponsor journals are less concentrated than any of the four privately sponsored journal. Much of the higher concentration in the privately sponsored journals arises from faculty members at private schools publishing a high proportion of the journal articles. These findings are important because in business areas the high concentration found could imply that faculty at many schools find it very difficult to produce a research output comparable to their peers in other disciplines.

For those researchers who are not part of editorial boards, it is even more difficult to find an appropriate outlet for their research. For example, Chan et al. (2005) rank schools with an international business orientation using as a predictor the presence of faculty on the editorial boards of the leading international business journals. Among their findings, the top institutions share characteristics such as faculty getting published in top ranked journals.

Regarding trend topics in the literature, Danielson and Heck (2014) showed that authors in the highest productivity percentile were most likely to publish their latest articles in journals that had recently raised their impact factors. In the case of finance and business finance, they found that top academics were publishing in relatively new journals, such as Financial Management and the Financial Analysts Journal , and in new specialized publications such as the Journal of Financial Markets , the Journal of Corporate Finance , and the Journal of Financial Intermediation .

Literature reviews are another method widely used in the academic community to identify possible trends and areas for new contributions. For example, Lu (2003) reviews the strategic management literature and highlight areas in which key contributions are made and, more importantly, where new research questions could be pushed forward. Lu also identify the main institutions and researchers and examines the diversity of contributions in management research.

Some authors ( Griffith et al., 2008 ) use Delphi study (panel of experts) to determine the future research agenda in the field of international business. With this methodology, experts in the field respond to the main problems to be addressed and the most important empirical regularities to be explained. This in part could move the field to address specific topics and create research trends.

Bibliometric studies represent another methodology that has been used to target the most prolific and influential articles, authors and trends. For example, Pasadeos et al. (1999) used this process to find the most important authors and most cited papers in the public relations scholarly literature. Moreover, with this method they can also identify and measure paradigms and topical diversity. Bibliometric studies can also be of interest to find how certain areas of knowledge are organized around topics and paradigms ( Vieira and Teixeira, 2010 ). Badua et al. (2011) use bibliometric analysis to describe the evolution in terms of content in the field of accounting. Using this methodology, they were able to understand better the evolution of content and context of this literature. Issa (2016) uses bibliometric studies together with semi-structured interviews with editors, editorial boards, and selected authors to show that research in economics, finance, and entrepreneurship has an important influence on the published research for emerging economies, finding a small percentage of papers tackling theoretical issues and many having a quantitative approach. Overall, new technological developments, such as the one we present in this paper, could be of help for scholars in developing a publication strategy in the publish and perish environment.

3. Methodology

3.1. data collection.

We developed a set of Python scripts to build the data set through a crawling process. Some journals offer an API (Application Programming Interface) which allows downloading of metadata related to each paper from the publishers' web sites. These APIs offer various search services using key words, time spans, and other fields, through certain filters. However, since not all journals provide APIs, we had to build specific scripts to download the information for those lacking APIs.

We run our Python scripts in a Linux virtual machine provided by Amazon Web Services (cloud platform). The Linux machine had 32GB of RAM, 2 virtual cores, and 30GB of solid-state disk (SSD).

3.2. Data set

We defined as the unit of analysis 72,129 abstracts and article titles that represent the universe of all papers published during 2013–14 in ISI journals. The four different categories covered business (120 journals), business finance (94 journals), management (192 journals), and economics (344 journals). However, because of the API restrictions mentioned above, it was impossible to collect this full corpus.

Using the crawling process, we collected 33,454 abstracts and titles, or approximately 46.4 percent of the full target data set. Table 1 shows the distribution and coverage of sample journals by category; Table 2 shows the distribution of the sample papers by publisher; and Table 3 shows the distribution of sample papers by category.

Distribution and coverage of sample journals by category.

Distribution of sample papers by publisher.

Distribution of sample papers by category.

We structured all the abstracts and titles as a corpus in a single text document, removing special characters such as HTML tags, punctuation marks, and mentions. These elements were tokenized in English bigrams (the most frequent two-word combinations). Then, we built a “bigram matrix” equivalent to a “term-document matrix,” where each abstract for a given journal category (business, economics, business finance, and management) was considered a “document.” The entries in each cell of this matrix corresponded to the presence/absence of each specific bigram in each journal abstract.

The journals were ranked in quartiles that reflected the statistical distribution of their impact factors. We then applied the Multinomial Inverse Regression (MNIR) method, described by Taddy (2013) , modeling the journal impact factors corresponding to the abstracts. As Taddy mentions, the journal impact factor is a variable that proxies importance, and therefore it is directly linked to the abstract's content.

Content analysis is not new. It has been widely explored methodologically, employing regressions, support vector machines, and neural networks ( Pang and Lee, 2008 ) in various disciplinary contexts, including the tracing of ideology in political texts ( Yu et al., 2008 ), or of negative/positive nuances in economics and finance ( Tetlock, 2007 ; Loughran and McDonald, 2011 ). For additional details on the MNIR method, and its R package, and for insight on related methodological drawbacks, see Taddy (2013) .

3.3. Analysis procedure: a Bayesian approach

Jurafsky and Martin (2008) analyze each document (abstract or title) as an exchangeable set of tokens (uni-grams or, more generally, n-grams). When dealing with text corpora, tokens can be understood as regular stemmed words. For example, the words “taxation”, “taxes”, and “taxing” all become “tax”. For consistency, we use the same notation as in Taddy (2013) , where the vector x i = ( x i 1 , … , x i p ) ' is the vector of counts of the p possible tokens, or in our case of the bigrams. We define the empirical frequencies f i = x i / m i where m i = ∑ j = 1 p x i j . Each of the possible n documents (33,454 abstracts or titles) will be related to a content variable y i which can be ordered into discrete increasing categories. Modeling the conditional distribution of y i | x i can be computationally prohibitive. The approach in Taddy (2013) allows the collapse of token counts as x y = ∑ i : y i = y x i for every content category y ∈ Y . The basic multinomial inverse regression (MNIR) can then be written as in Taddy (2013) :

where x y is a p-dimensional multinomial distribution with size parameter vector m y = ∑ i : y i = y m i and probabilities q y = [ q y 1 , … , q y p ] ' . The Sufficient Reduction Score z i defined by Taddy (2013) is computed as z i = ψ f i . Intuitively the text sentiment variable z i gives the “average” factor loading contribution of document i .

Therefore, the text content score reduction variable z i is computed as the inner product between the multinomial inverse regression factor loadings ψ = ( ψ 1 , … , ψ p ) ' from each token (or n-gram counts) and the empirical frequencies f i from the token counts ( Taddy, 2013 ). This reduction score is similar in philosophy to Altman's z score, which gives a quantification of a company's credit quality that results in a credit rating or scoring ( Altman, 1968 ). The higher the z score, the higher the contents of bigrams with large factor loadings ( ψ ) . We select the most important bigrams on the basis of their decreasing order of probability of appearance, as in Eq. (1) of Taddy (2013) .

It is worthwhile to highlight that a simple word count for each category assumes independence among the different categories a priori. As suggested in Taddy (2013) , a more promising strategy is to use text-specific dimension reduction based on the multinomial implied by exchangeability of token counts. As shown in Taddy, a topic model treats documents as drawn from a multinomial distribution with probabilities arising as a weighted combination of “topic” factors. These probabilities are further modeled in a hierarchical manner that allows borrowing information from each category in order to have dependence among the four different impact factor categories (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). A previous method that is similar in spirit is the one proposed by Blei et al. (2003) , used during Trump's political campaign ( Gautrais et al., 2017 ).

The abstract bigrams collected from all Q journals were ordered from the most to the least frequent. We had a total of 2,942 bigrams for business finance journals, 2,280 for economics journals, 3,667 for management journals, and 4,879 for business journals. For the Q1 journals, we then determined the first 31 bigrams that referred to topics and methodological approaches. We chose 31 bigrams as a cutoff point to be able to collect at least the 20 most frequent bigrams regarding topics published in business finance, economics, management, and business. We consider this spectrum of topics wide enough for the reader to have a global appreciation of the most important topics discussed in each of the fields we study.

Subsequently, we looked for those bigrams in Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals and found that some were consistently present among those most frequent in all categories. For instance, in business finance, the bigram financial crisis was the most frequent in Q1, Q2, and Q3 journals, and it was the 5 th most frequent in the Q4 journals. We categorized topics in Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals as persistent when their number was close to that of the bigram in the Q1 rank (less than 10 numbers in difference).

Some bigrams gained frequency from the Q4 to the Q1 journals. For example, in the economics category, health care was the 257 th most frequent bigram in Q4 journals; 57 th in the Q3 journals; 15 th in the Q2 journals; and 2 nd in the Q1 journals. Table 4 lists the persistent topics and the topics that gained presence as the journal quality increased. It also displays bigrams associated with methodological issues such as empirical evidence, case study , panel data , and structural equations, among others.

Most frequent topics and methodology bigrams in abstracts of papers of Q1 journals by category.

Tables ​ Tables5, 5 , ​ ,6, 6 , ​ ,7, 7 , and ​ and8 8 show the most frequent bigrams for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers in the business finance, economics, management, and business categories, respectively. For each Q1 bigram, we compared its respective frequency in Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers.

Most frequent bigrams in abstracts for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers in business finance.

Most frequent bigrams in abstracts for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers in economics.

Most frequent bigrams in abstracts for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers in management.

Most frequent bigrams in abstracts for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 papers in business.

4.1. Topic patterns

Some of the most frequent topics persist in all Q groups, but others lose frequency by category, which suggests that Q1 and Q2 journals attract researchers' attention and create trends that are followed by Q3 and Q4 publications. For example, in the business finance category, we found 10 persistent topics within the 22 most frequent Q1 bigrams: financial crisis, stock market, exchange rates, corporate governance, earning management, stock returns, interest rates, stock price, cash flow, and information asymmetry . For the same set of journals, the 10 topics within the 22 most frequent Q1 bigrams that lost frequency in Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals were: monetary policy, risk management, financial reporting, credit risk, systematic risk, accounting research, integrated reporting, banking sectors, financial market, and management accounting . For instance, systematic risk, which is the 11 th most frequent Q1 bigram in the business finance journals, ranks only 21 st in the Q2 journals, 73 rd in Q3 journals, and 300 th in Q4 publications ( Table 5 ).

These topic patterns occurred in the economics category as well. There, the 11 persistent topics within the 31 most frequent bigrams for Q1 publications were: financial crisis, economic growth, labor market, human capital, monetary policy, exchange rates, developing countries, stock market, business cycle, interest rate, and economic development . For the same set of journals, the 9 topics out of the 31 most frequent bigrams that lost frequency by Q category were: health care, United States, European Union, climate change, health insurance, risk aversion, oil price, stock returns, and credit risk. For example, European Union is the 8 th most frequent bigram in the Q1 journals, ranks 21 st in the Q2 journals, 50 th in Q3 publications, and 182 nd in the Q4 papers ( Table 6 ).

In the management category, 10 topics persisted within the 26 most frequent Q1 bigrams: supply chain, firm performance, new product, social capital, job satisfaction, human resource, resource management, decision making, product development, and business model. As was the case for business finance and economics journals, the frequency of some bigrams decreased from Q1 to Q4 publications. The 10 topics which showed that tendency within the 26 most frequent Q1 bigrams were: ERP environment, human capital, financial performance, corporate social, performance measurements, project management, strategic management, competitive advantages, social responsibility, and product innovation. For example, human capital, ranked 7 th in Q1 journals, 12 th in Q2 journals, 46 th in Q3 publications, and 165 th in Q4 papers ( Table 7 ).

In the business category, there were only 5 persistent topics within the 26 most frequent Q1 bigrams: new product, firm performance, product development, business model, and value creation. Unlike the more focused categories, of the 26 most frequent Q1 bigrams, 15 registered decreasing frequencies in Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals: supply chain, ERP environment, family firms, corporate social, chain management, human capital, social capital, social responsibility, financial performance, social media, job satisfaction, product innovation, small-medium sized, strategic management, and customer satisfaction ( Table 8 ).

These results indicate the persistence of some topics and the emergence of others, which could help scholars align their research agenda with the trends in their fields. In this regard, assistant professors applying for tenure and aspiring to publish in top journals could redirect their efforts to finding alternative publication outlets, while tenured professors could become aware of new topics of interest and relevance vis-à-vis journal impact factors (Qs); and business, finance, and economics practitioners could keep abreast of their disciplines' knowledge frontiers.

Furthermore, our findings reveal that certain topics and issues that are discussed in the media and other public outlets are also present in the academic literature. For instance, financial crisis and themes related to corporate scandals such as earnings management, integrated reporting, and corporate governance are topics within the business finance and economics categories and are persistently covered in media, while corporate social responsibility, job satisfaction, human capital, new products, and product development are the kind of topics found in the business and management fields. Thus the academic literature reacts to issues of public concern, creating a two-way dialogue between scholars and practitioners.

4.2. Methodological approaches and other issues

Our content analysis inquiry also revealed certain patterns of methodological approach. In the business finance category, bigrams such as find evidence, empirical evidence, empirical results, and data set suggest a preference for empirical research that is common to all Q ranks.

The economics category also displays a consistent preference for empirical research in all Q groups, as revealed by bigrams such as using data, find evidence, data set, and empirical results. Furthermore, these category abstracts provide more methodological details by including the bigrams panel data, per capita, general equilibrium, time series, statistical significant, and empirical analysis among the most frequent bigrams.

In the management category, the third bigram in all Q ranks is case study, indicating the prevalence of this methodology within the field. Moreover, the frequencies of bigrams such as data collected, structural equation, using data, and empirical evidence further confirm a preference for empirical studies. The business category displays a similar pattern. Case studies represent the most frequent research methodology, and bigrams such as empirical evidence, structural equation, data collected, and using data confirm an inclination for empirical inquiry, as was the case in all the other categories. Overall, methodological approaches in our sample of abstracts tend to be centered in empirical research; however, some categories show particularities.

Even though our full sample of abstracts leaned toward empirical research, the various field categories showed certain specificities. While the economics studies employed panel data sets and time series, management and business studies developed case studies. Interestingly, we found no bigram evidence of theoretical research. Finally, an expected higher frequency of papers written in the English language validates the relevance of this language in academic research.

These findings are useful to faculty facing tenure-track challenges and pressures to publish or perish because they reveal the methodological approaches most likely to be published. Theory-oriented scholars could realize their harder path to publication, while young management and business researchers could undertake case studies to increase their publishing possibilities. In addition, across all fields, authors would understand the academic relevance of the English language.

4.3. Analysis of title bigrams

We complemented our analysis by examining the presence of bigrams in papers' titles. In general, we found consistent results in terms of the topics and their Q rankings. For example, bigrams such as corporate governance , financial crisis , and exchange rate were among the most frequent for titles in the business finance journal set, and they remained persistent in all Q categories.

As for the bigrams that gained frequency from Q4 to Q1 publications, we determined that health care, oil price, and health insurance reflected this tendency in the economics journals, as had been the case in the abstracts' data set. In addition, we found methodological bigrams in some titles, such as panel data in economics, case study in management, and literature review in business, although with less frequency.

Although our findings for the titles data set were, in general, consistent, we determined that six bigram topics gained frequency and remained persistent in all Q ranks. These were: financial reporting, credit risk, and global financial in business finance journals; and corporate social responsibility, and family firm in business journals.

The analysis also revealed new high-frequency bigram topics in all categories, including emerging market, mutual fund , and hedge fund in the business finance journals; crude oil, systematic risk, and climate change in economics journals; corporate governance, sustainable development, and venture capital in management journals; and, socioemotional wealth, top management, and corporate governance in business journals. Table 9 lists the 20 most frequent title bigrams per category.

Most frequent topics and methodology bigrams in paper titles of Q1 journals by category.

5. Discussion & conclusion

What should I research? What is of interest to editors? What is the most appropriate methodology for a given project or research question? What are my peers publishing? What are the current hot topics in the literature? Which subjects are Q1 and Q2 journals publishing? Are there any subject differences between the Q1, Q2 publications and the Q3, Q4 ones? These are some of the questions that research-oriented professors must consider at some point in their academic career. In many cases, the answers are left to imagination or trusted to intuition, albeit they represent relevant decisions for academic productivity and professional development. The methodology we use in this paper, which departs from the most traditional surveys and expert opinions, could support researchers in answering this set of questions in any field and not only the ones under analysis in our study.

For the period under analysis, our study determines topics present in all ISI journals and Q ranks and suggests their consolidation as pertinent subjects within the fields. Moreover, it shows how certain topics gain frequency by Qs, which suggests that Q1 and Q2 journals raise awareness of emerging and relevant topics, and set trends that are followed by editors and authors in Q3 and Q4 publications. Our findings also stress the relevance and predominance of certain methodologies. Business, finance, and economics favor empirical research over theoretical inquiries, making it easier to publish the former. And while many economists employ panel data in their research, business and management scholars formulate structural equations and develop case studies.

These findings are valuable for different reasons. For example, they could support young doctoral students (and their supervisors), and young scholars in streamlining their research agenda from a broad set of possible topics of interest, to those topics with more visibility and likelihood of publication. This is not only relevant in terms of subjects, but also in terms of methodological issues. For instance, following our results, a young researcher in the economics field will know that publishing theoretical work will be more difficult to publish than empirical-oriented papers.

The previous reasoning leads us to another contribution of this methodology, which is to help scholars develop their research and publications agenda in a more conscious and strategic way. A proper research and publication strategy allows professors to concentrate their research efforts around subjects and methodologies according to their visibility and impact aims. Furthermore, more established researchers could also find this kind of methodology useful in order to validate their beliefs regarding where academic discussions are focusing. That is, which topics are consolidated and which are emerging as new in their field. They also can do a similar assessment regarding applicable methodologies for their work.

Even the editors of Q3 and Q4 journals could find this methodology and analysis useful in terms of gearing their journals toward certain topics being published by Q1 and Q2 journals. This could help the journals gain a better positioning among researchers in their fields. Overall, our paper shows the relevance of content analysis to help researchers face the challenges of their academic career and help editors in better editorial management.

Lastly, our analysis raises venues for future research. For example, it could be interesting to analyze the research outlets of professors after they get tenure to identify possible changes in terms of quantity and influence of their publications. Another valuable analysis would be to perform this study in the same fields and same methodology we apply, with the aim of identifying time patterns with a time horizon of 5 or 10 years, a period long enough to identify changes in methodologies, topics and trends in these fields. Finally, this method could be used to find regional or geographical analysis with the aim of identifying differences in terms of topics and methods for several research fields.

Declarations

Author contribution statement.

Jorge Camargo, Maximiliano González, Alexander Guzmán, Enrique ter Horst, María–Andrea Trujillo: Conceived and designed the analysis; Analyzed and interpreted the data; Contributed analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper.

Funding statement

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

No additional information is available for this paper.

☆ Authors are in alphabetical order and contributed equally to this work.

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Ethical Research in Business Ethics

• Editorial Essay
• Published: 29 November 2022
• Volume 182 , pages 1–5, ( 2023 )

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• Gazi Islam 1 &
• Michelle Greenwood 2  

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In this editorial essay, we argue that business ethics research should be aware of the ethical implications of its own methodological choices, and that these implications include, but go beyond, mere compliance with standardized ethical norms. Methodological choices should be made specifically with reference to their effects on the world, both within and outside the academy. Awareness of these effects takes researchers beyond assuring ethics in their methods to more fully consider the ethics of their methods as knowledge practices that have broader institutional consequences. Drawing from examples in published research, we examine five ways in which authors can formulate their methodological approaches with purpose, care and reflexivity.

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Business ethicists are accustomed to confronting the “hard cases” of ethical choices in organizational life. We believe that business ethics scholarship must be equally sensitive to ethical nuances in the design and implementation of research methods in our own activities. In the complexities of research practice, ethical considerations around method and design exceed the standardized templates of methods textbooks. Where research designs begin and end and whom they implicate as protagonists, who receives voice, protection and authority, and what is rendered visible and invisible within the field of study. These are thorny questions that are not amenable to check-list style compliance guidelines, even where such guidelines also have an important role (cf., Greenwood, 2016 ).

In our exchanges with authors and within the editorial team, we have confronted a plethora of hard cases that highlight the challenges of research ethics beyond rule compliance. To what extent should the mode of data collection (such as crowdsourced data or social media platforms) answer to ethical quandaries around digital labour and online surveillance? When should organizations or individuals engaging in ethically problematic practices be named, and when must they be anonymized? To what extent should the relationships between researchers and participants be problematized within methods sections, including financial and power relationships between funders, researchers and participants? What are the respective roles of institutional ethics boards and journal editorial teams (along with other actors in the research ecosystem) in validating the ethical permissibility of a design? When should hard ethical questions lead a study to be rejected at the review stage, rather than passed along to the research community to make its own judgment? Such questions (and many, many more) have filled our days with deep reflection, and the current editorial aims to share some of these reflections with the Journal of Business Ethics community, albeit in necessarily schematic form. Specifically, we aim to both expand thinking about research ethics to include elements that are often considered outside of methods, and situate conventional methodological ethics in relation to this broader vision. The result will be a plea for a research ethics based on purpose, care and reflexivity.

Between Prescriptive and Evaluative Research Ethics

In a previous editorial essay (Islam & Greenwood, 2021 ), we borrowed a distinction by Williams ( 1985 ) between prescriptive and evaluative ethics; the former refers to what one should do, while the latter to what the world should look like. Mapped onto methods, this analytical distinction differentiates between specific methodological practices (e.g., one should design measures that fit the core constructs, one should gather informed consent) and the broader social and practical implications of research (e.g., the goals of science to innovate, educate or emancipate). We emphasize that this is an “analytical” distinction because, in practice, these aspects of ethics are deeply intertwined, and we distinguish them primarily to show how they spill into each other. Actions should be prescribed, at least in part, for the worlds they contribute to making, although in the fog of situated practice, we are often unaware of, or unable to, clearly link our actions to those future worlds.

From this distinction, it is easy to differentiate heuristically between ethics in research methods, that is, the ethical norms and practices internal to research design and execution, and the ethics of research methods, that is, whether those methods should be used in the broader evaluative sense. In many cases, these ethical levels align, with ethical practices working toward an evaluatively desirable world. Gathering informed consent is important because it is desirable to promote a world of autonomous choice (e.g., Hansson, 2006 ). Hypothesizing after the results are known is problematic because promoting false positive statistical results reduces replicability and thus scientific certainty about the world (Kerr, 1998 ). To take the previous example, however, some have argued that “HARK”ing is less ethically problematic when research is transparently exploratory (Hollenbeck & Wright, 2017 ); in this case, what is ethically problematic is not the practice per se, but the lack of transparency between a given practice and its exploratory (rather than confirmatory) intent. As for informed consent, in cases where a signed form substitutes for, rather than expresses, true participant autonomy (cf., Dubois et al, 2012 ), it can obscure rather than clarify the ethics of a research project. To begin with, the presentation of a priori formulated protocols for consent presumes that the identified participant is the only stakeholder in the research who is affected by the research in a manner that would require their consent. Moreover, this protocol may preclude collaborative models in which participants actively construct research protocols with researchers (Hansson, 2006 ). In both of these examples, a practice is justified on the basis of a deeper evaluative motive, but the mapping between the two is imperfect and situation-dependent.

Tensions may appear between prescriptive and evaluative dimensions of research methods, giving rise to ethical polemics or dilemmas. To give one example, we have had recent debates around the ethics of online data crowdsourcing from platforms such as Amazon MTurk (e.g., Newman et al., 2021 ). Much discussion has been given to best practice in terms of construct validity and similar “internal” considerations of research design as well as issues such as “bots” or fraudulent respondent activity that affect validity. However, broader considerations in terms of labour exploitation on online platforms (e.g., Shank, 2016 ) bridge internal and external research ethics, given internal norms for participant autonomy and external considerations of the public good. Less discussed are the systematic effects of widespread use of online data collection for disembodying researchers from participant communities, entrenching economies of digital labour and surveillance, and reifying a context-free individual as the object of social scientific study. These, we would argue, are methodological outcomes that may contribute to undesirable worlds, and thus are materially relevant for ethical consideration.

Other examples illustrate the opposite tension between prescriptive and evaluative research ethics. In a provocative article, Roulet et al. ( 2017 ) describe the potentials of “covert” research, where normally unacceptable practices of researcher concealment are weighed against laudable goals such as revealing workplace abuse or unethical organizational practices. In such cases, practices that are prescriptively problematic (e.g., collecting data without consent, concealing researcher identity) are defended on the grounds that the ethical goods, in terms of creating a better world, legitimate such practices. While the example of online platforms seems more defensible at the level of practice but questionable at the level of broad systemic implications, that of covert research seems more problematic at the level of practices while (possibly) defensible in terms of its ethical purposes.

More than simply a conflict between means and ends, however, such tensions reveal discrepancies between ends that are “localized” as specific practices (e.g., the goal of conducting a valid study according to current norms) and the more broad-based ends of research (e.g., creating a better world through socially reflexive knowledge production). Our challenge at the Journal of Business Ethics as editors, and our counsel to authors, reviewers and editors is to reflexively seek equilibrium between the practical ethics of research design and execution and the broader promotion of the public good that is the ultimate end of science.

Guiding Ethical Research in Business Ethics

Situating research ethics within the relationship between concrete ethical practices and evaluative goals of social improvement adds complexity to ethical decisions, forcing researchers, reviewers and editors to confront real ethical dilemmas that cannot be dissolved in mere compliance practices. We think the recognition of this complexity is salutary. It emphasizes that the review process is one moment in the broader network of evaluative practices that includes—but is not limited to—institutional ethics approval processes prior to submission, ethical and legal considerations of publishing houses and scholarly societies that administer academic production, and reception of research after publication. Each of these moments bring into light different ethical stakes, and we see our editorial role as an important but not exhaustive evaluative moment. From our perspective, our role is not to present a hurdle over which only the most flawless research can pass, but to curate a conversation with the greatest potential for scholarly generativity and progress. This makes our goal a collective one, and we judge research for its ability to promote the field, by being rigorous, by being interesting, by being reflexive, or by some combination of these epistemic virtues. From the research ethics we have outlined we derive certain guiding principles for evaluation.

Showing Links Between Methodological Design and the Broader Purpose of the Study

Business ethics scholarship should clarify its purpose through clearly articulated research questions and hypotheses, while explaining in its methods why specific research practices are important for a broader purpose, and why that purpose is itself ethically relevant. Specifically, the methods discussion should reflect how the ethics-related purpose of the study is consistent with the methodological approach adopted, both in terms of the broad design and specific practices. In short, integration of methods with the wider purpose of the study, and alignment between the two, is a mark of ethically sensitive research.

In their recent study of child labour in Indian cottonseed oil farms, D’Cruz et al. ( 2022 ) demonstrate an exemplary integration of methods and purpose to explore a topic that is notoriously difficult to study methodologically. Drawing on analyses of children’s drawings, together with detailed conversational extracts, the authors paint a powerful picture of the experience of violence in a population of working children. Rather than staying only at the level of lived experiences, however, the authors use those experiences to understand how processes of embedding and disembedding labour within society are manifested at the micro level. Thus, their visual and discursive methods become powerful tools to link everyday suffering with macro processes of economy and society.

Acknowledging the Web of Relationships Within Which Research Methods are Embedded

Each aspect of the research process, from protocol design to data collection to peer review, involves multiple actors who collectively construct the meaning of scholarship (Greenwood, 2016 ). While it may not be possible to make this network entirely visible, the ability to do so increases the transparency and value of a scholarly inquiry.

In his study of external funding on research freedom, Goduscheit ( 2022 ) uses qualitative interviews, program materials and observations to understand how funding bodies shape research outcomes. He shows how expectations from funding bodies can shape the types of topics studied, the ways in which research questions are answered and the forms of research output that are produced. Rather than simply deeming such influences to be unethical, he analyses the positive and negative features of the evolving relationships between researchers and funding bodies and their implications for developing scholarship.

Similarly acknowledging relationships but on a very different topic, Allen et al. ( 2019 ) describe the role of reflexivity in sustainability research, where ecological responsibility can result from acknowledging the multiple relationships between humans and the environment. Promoting an “ecocentric radical-reflexivity”, they point to how methods such as participatory action research and arts-based methods can help identify organizational actors as embedded in ecological relationships. In this example, as in the previous one, research is recognized as more than simply the execution of accepted standards. Rather, ethical research depends on developing sensibilities towards the complex economic and ecological relationships in which scholarship is situated.

Complementing Compliance with Purpose

Ethics should be explicitly discussed as an aspect of methodology, but this is best done when a focus on compliance with standards is complemented by a consideration of core ethical issues and a transparent discussion of how decisions were made in response to those issues. Doing so reveals those decisions as tailor-made for the case at hand and not imposed upon the case without regard for its specificities (Greenwood, 2016 ). In other words, compliance is not a sufficient criterion for ethical research methods, and a methodological approach focused exclusively on ethical compliance criteria may miss the “bigger picture” of the role of the methods in the broader scientific and social goals of the study.

Nielsen’s ( 2016 ) paper on ethical praxis and action research elaborates on how research involves ethical decision making and situated, pragmatic choices that go beyond simply ticking the correct ethical boxes. Describing these from an Aristotelian perspective, he elaborates how researcher-participant interactions give rise to emergent research concerns that are both knowledge-related problems and problems for practice. The ethics of action research in this context is about facing unique problems that cut across the researcher-practitioner divide and can draw upon but are not limited to pre-existing ethics templates.

Adopting an Explanatory Versus a Justificatory Orientation

Methodological descriptions of ethics often have the tone of justification claims legitimizing authorial choices in terms of sample, data collection or analysis. Such justifications are warranted, and are good practice, but we believe that value is added when authors are more forthright about their ethical difficulties and dilemmas. Specifically, we value their attempts to work out those dilemmas transparently for a scholarly audience, that is thereby given access into the workings of scientific decision-making process and not simply presented with a black box labeled “method”. There is more value in showing the path taken to an ethical judgement than simply defending that the end decision was a good one. This also implies that wrong turns, changes of track, and similar ethical revisions should be described and contribute to the value of a paper.

Litz’s and Turner’s ( 2013 ) study of unethical practices in inherited family firms provides an interesting case of how researchers can productively describe the dilemmas they face methodologically. Given the difficulty of gathering data about the unethical practices of family members, they candidly ask “how does one approach a question so laced with shame and stigma?”(p.303). Rather than presenting their method in terms of templates used to justify their choices, they recruit the readers directly into their dilemma and walk them through their choices, which involved confronting participants with dramatic scenarios that allowed them to disclose intimately held views more safely. Ultimately building this technique into a validation exercise and a quantitative analysis, the latter are given credibility by their grounding in the initial researcher dilemma that led to the methodological approach.

Transparency and Reflexivity in Writing and Link Between Methods and Results Sections

Because transparent and reflexive description of methods integrates theoretical considerations within the methods itself, such description allows the method to operate more organically within the broader argument of the paper. Doing so allows authors to establish links between the methods and discussion sections, to describe what went right or wrong, what the limitations and possibilities of the method were, and how future research could remedy possible shortcomings or harms of the given method.

For example, Bontempi et al. ( 2021 ) study of CSR reporting inspired by the case of the Ethiopian Gibe III dam is exemplary of how methods can be used to reflexively and transparently link methods and results. Engaging in a “counter reporting”, the study draws upon conceptual literature, archival and theoretical research, and activist on-the-ground engagement to build an alternative view of reported social engagement around hydroelectric dams. Alternating between inductive and deductive approaches, these authors were particularly reflexive and deeply transparent in their methodological description, including detailed and publicly available information from their codebook in the article’s supplementary materials. The result went beyond the standard critique of CSR discourses to actively create a counter-discourse that was both scholarly and activist in orientation. The resulting discursive struggle continued onto the blogosphere, with methodological debate between the authors and the company itself over methods. Footnote 1 We see such interaction and engagement as key to the social relevance of research.

Purpose, Care and Reflexivity

Research ethics have conventionally been concerned with the procedural aspects of scholarship, in particular the methods. Gold standard in this regard has been to not merely treat ethical standards as hurdles but as aspirations. In this sense an ethical researcher is one who does not only comply but who also cares. We suggest that care requires researcher to actively reflect on and take responsibility for their ethical practices and their research goals, and to situate their practices reflexively within a broader collective process of scholarly inquiry. Thus, we extend the notion of care to embrace the reflexivity of the researcher with regard to their own positionality (and privilege) and with regard to the purpose of research, treating ethics as central to the entire research endeavor. Complementing ethical theorizing that draws data from orthodox empirical methods, we encourage scholars to take up new forms of ethical empirical research in which connections between the conduct of the research and the motivation of the research are deeply and actively formed. The guiding principles we outline in this editorial are aimed at integrating organic, particularized and reflective narratives about the ethical conduct and goals of research in the methods section and throughout the manuscript. Editors, reviewers and authors can all contribute to treating research ethics more centrally in business ethics research.

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18 Google Scholar tips all students should know

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Think of this guide as your personal research assistant.

“It’s hard to pick your favorite kid,” Anurag Acharya says when I ask him to talk about a favorite Google Scholar feature he’s worked on. “I work on product, engineering, operations, partnerships,” he says. He’s been doing it for 18 years, which as of this month, happens to be how long Google Scholar has been around.

Google Scholar is also one of Google’s longest-running services. The comprehensive database of research papers, legal cases and other scholarly publications was the fourth Search service Google launched, Anurag says. In honor of this very important tool’s 18th anniversary, I asked Anurag to share 18 things you can do in Google Scholar that you might have missed.

1. Copy article citations in the style of your choice.

With a simple click of the cite button (which sits below an article entry), Google Scholar will give you a ready-to-use citation for the article in five styles, including APA, MLA and Chicago. You can select and copy the one you prefer.

2. Dig deeper with related searches.

Google Scholar’s related searches can help you pinpoint your research; you’ll see them show up on a page in between article results. Anurag describes it like this: You start with a big topic — like “cancer” — and follow up with a related search like “lung cancer” or “colon cancer” to explore specific kinds of cancer.

Related searches can help you find what you’re looking for.

3. And don’t miss the related articles.

This is another great way to find more papers similar to one you found helpful — you can find this link right below an entry.

4. Read the papers you find.

Scholarly articles have long been available only by subscription. To keep you from having to log in every time you see a paper you’re interested in, Scholar works with libraries and publishers worldwide to integrate their subscriptions directly into its search results. Look for a link marked [PDF] or [HTML]. This also includes preprints and other free-to-read versions of papers.

5. Access Google Scholar tools from anywhere on the web with the Scholar Button browser extension.

The Scholar Button browser extension is sort of like a mini version of Scholar that can move around the web with you. If you’re searching for something, hitting the extension icon will show you studies about that topic, and if you’re reading a study, you can hit that same button to find a version you read, create a citation or to save it to your Scholar library.

Install the Scholar Button Chrome browser extension to access Google Scholar from anywhere on the web.

6. Learn more about authors through Scholar profiles.

There are many times when you’ll want to know more about the researchers behind the ideas you’re looking into. You can do this by clicking on an author’s name when it’s hyperlinked in a search result. You’ll find all of their work as well as co-authors, articles they’re cited in and so on. You can also follow authors from their Scholar profile to get email updates about their work, or about when and where their work is cited.

7. Easily find topic experts.

One last thing about author profiles: If there are topics listed below an author’s name on their profile, you can click on these areas of expertise and you’ll see a page of more authors who are researching and publishing on these topics, too.

8. Search for court opinions with the “Case law” button.

Scholar is the largest free database of U.S. court opinions. When you search for something using Google Scholar, you can select the “Case law” button below the search box to see legal cases your keywords are referenced in. You can read the opinions and a summary of what they established.

9. See how those court opinions have been cited.

If you want to better understand the impact of a particular piece of case law, you can select “How Cited,” which is below an entry, to see how and where the document has been cited. For example, here is the How Cited page for Marbury v. Madison , a landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling that established that courts can strike down unconstitutional laws or statutes.

10. Understand how a legal opinion depends on another.

When you’re looking at how case laws are cited within Google Scholar, click on “Cited by” and check out the horizontal bars next to the different results. They indicate how relevant the cited opinion is in the court decision it’s cited within. You will see zero, one, two or three bars before each result. Those bars indicate the extent to which the new opinion depends on and refers to the cited case.

In the Cited by page for New York Times Company v. Sullivan, court cases with three bars next to their name heavily reference the original case. One bar indicates less reliance.

11. Sign up for Google Scholar alerts.

Want to stay up to date on a specific topic? Create an alert for a Google Scholar search for your topics and you’ll get email updates similar to Google Search alerts. Another way to keep up with research in your area is to follow new articles by leading researchers. Go to their profiles and click “Follow.” If you’re a junior grad student, you may consider following articles related to your advisor’s research topics, for instance.

12. Save interesting articles to your library.

It’s easy to go down fascinating rabbit hole after rabbit hole in Google Scholar. Don’t lose track of your research and use the save option that pops up under search results so articles will be in your library for later reading.

13. Keep your library organized with labels.

Labels aren’t only for Gmail! You can create labels within your Google Scholar library so you can keep your research organized. Click on “My library,” and then the “Manage labels…” option to create a new label.

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Many research funding agencies around the world now mandate that funded articles should become publicly free to read within a year of publication — or sooner. Scholar profiles list such articles to help researchers keep track of them and open up access to ones that are still locked down. That means you can immediately see what is currently available from researchers you’re interested in and how many of their papers will soon be publicly free to read.

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Every year, Google Scholar releases the top publications based on the most-cited papers. That list (available in 11 languages) will also take you to each publication’s top papers — this takes into account the “h index,” which measures how much impact an article has had. It’s an excellent place to start a research journey as well as get an idea about the ideas and discoveries researchers are currently focused on.

16. Get even more specific with Advanced Search.

Click on the hamburger icon on the upper left-hand corner and select Advanced Search to fine-tune your queries. For example, articles with exact words or a particular phrase in the title or articles from a particular journal and so on.

17. Find extra help on Google Scholar’s help page.

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18. Keep up with Google Scholar news.

Don’t forget to check out the Google Scholar blog for updates on new features and tips for using this tool even better.

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500+ Google Scholar Research Topics

Google Scholar is a powerful search engine designed to help researchers find scholarly articles, books, and other academic resources. It’s a fantastic tool for exploring new research topics and staying up-to-date with the latest developments in your field.

In this article, we’ll be exploring a wide range of research topics that you can explore using Google Scholar. Whether you’re a student, an academic, or a curious mind looking to expand your knowledge, you’ll find something of interest here.

We’ll cover topics from various fields, including science, technology, engineering, mathematics, social sciences, and humanities. We’ll also discuss how to use Google Scholar effectively to find relevant research and explore new ideas.

Google Scholar Research Topics

Google Scholar Research Topics ideas are as follows:

• The impact of artificial intelligence on the job market
• Climate change mitigation strategies for small island states
• Analysis of social media and its effects on mental health
• The role of education in reducing income inequality
• Investigating the potential use of gene editing for disease prevention
• The impact of globalization on cultural diversity
• A critical analysis of corporate social responsibility practices in multinational corporations
• Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells
• Exploring the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for stress reduction
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in aging adults.
• Investigating the effects of music therapy on mental health disorders
• Examining the relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health outcomes
• A critical analysis of police brutality and the use of excessive force
• The role of renewable energy in mitigating climate change
• Understanding the mechanism of action of novel drugs for treating Alzheimer’s disease
• Investigating the impact of cultural diversity on team performance in multinational corporations
• The use of virtual reality in pain management
• The impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes and healthcare systems
• Examining the use of big data in predicting and preventing disease outbreaks
• Investigating the relationship between diet and mental health outcomes
• A critical analysis of the use of surveillance technology in public spaces
• The role of social support in promoting mental health resilience
• Investigating the relationship between air pollution and respiratory disease
• A comparative analysis of different approaches to conflict resolution
• The use of gene therapy for treating genetic disorders
• The impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems
• The role of early childhood education in reducing the achievement gap
• Examining the effects of mindfulness meditation on emotional regulation
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes
• A critical analysis of the ethics of artificial intelligence
• The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine
• The impact of climate change on food security
• Examining the effects of exercise on mental health outcomes in adolescents
• Investigating the role of social media in political polarization
• A comparative analysis of different healthcare systems around the world
• The use of virtual reality in treating phobias
• The impact of gentrification on urban communities
• The role of nutrition in preventing chronic diseases
• Investigating the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction
• A critical analysis of the impact of social media on body image
• The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery
• The impact of technology on social relationships
• Examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating anxiety disorders
• Investigating the relationship between cultural values and mental health outcomes
• The role of public policy in reducing income inequality
• The use of precision medicine in cancer treatment
• The impact of social inequality on health outcomes
• Examining the effects of social isolation on mental health outcomes in older adults
• Investigating the role of the microbiome in human health
• A critical analysis of the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports
• The use of biotechnology in food production
• The impact of gentrification on affordable housing availability
• Examining the effects of early childhood trauma on brain development
• Investigating the relationship between gender and mental health outcomes
• The role of the arts in promoting mental health and well-being
• The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare diagnostics
• The impact of social media on political participation
• Examining the effects of meditation on immune function
• Investigating the relationship between income and health outcomes
• A critical analysis of the use of social media in promoting mental health literacy.
• Investigating the impact of artificial light at night on wildlife behavior
• The role of nutrition in brain development and cognitive function
• Examining the effects of mindfulness interventions on workplace productivity
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in law enforcement
• The use of genetic engineering for crop improvement
• The impact of media on body dissatisfaction and eating disorders
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on brain function in older adults
• Investigating the relationship between cultural identity and mental health outcomes
• The use of personalized medicine for treating rare diseases
• The impact of air pollution on cognitive function
• A critical analysis of the use of surveillance capitalism in data collection
• Investigating the relationship between music and mental health outcomes
• The role of nature exposure in promoting mental health and well-being
• Examining the effects of cognitive training on brain plasticity
• Investigating the impact of climate change on infectious disease transmission
• The use of robotics in healthcare delivery
• The impact of social media on romantic relationships
• A critical analysis of the use of autonomous weapons in military conflicts
• Investigating the relationship between spirituality and mental health outcomes
• The role of nutrition in preventing chronic inflammation
• Examining the effects of meditation on stress and anxiety in college students
• Investigating the impact of climate change on water availability and quality
• The use of artificial intelligence in finance and investment
• The impact of social media on self-esteem and body image in adolescents
• A critical analysis of the use of autonomous vehicles in transportation
• Investigating the relationship between sleep disorders and mental health outcomes
• The role of traditional medicine in improving healthcare access in developing countries
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on addiction recovery
• Investigating the impact of climate change on biodiversity loss
• The use of gene editing for treating inherited diseases
• The impact of social media on political polarization and civic engagement
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public spaces
• Investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes
• The role of community-based interventions in promoting mental health in marginalized populations
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on academic achievement in children
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations
• The use of artificial intelligence in customer service and sales
• The impact of social media on romantic relationships and intimacy
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive policing algorithms in law enforcement
• Investigating the relationship between spirituality and aging well-being
• The role of dietary supplements in improving immune function
• Examining the effects of sleep on athletic performance
• Investigating the impact of climate change on human migration patterns
• The use of 3D printing in medicine and healthcare
• The impact of social media on political participation and civic knowledge
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in workplace monitoring
• Investigating the relationship between cultural competence and mental health outcomes
• The role of community gardens in promoting mental health and well-being
• Examining the effects of outdoor adventure programs on adolescent mental health.
• The use of virtual reality in treating phobias and anxiety disorders
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in indigenous communities in the Arctic region
• The role of family therapy in improving mental health outcomes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Investigating the relationship between childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in adulthood
• The role of yoga therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with anxiety disorders
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on stress and burnout in healthcare professionals
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in low-income communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating social anxiety disorder in adolescents
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in healthcare fraud detection
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with bipolar disorder
• The role of animal-assisted therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with intellectual disabilities
• Examining the effects of expressive arts therapy on self-esteem and resilience in individuals with depression
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in refugees and asylum seekers
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military personnel
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in law enforcement and criminal justice systems
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia
• The role of play therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Examining the effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic pain
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in urban communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating phobias in adults
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in disaster response and emergency management
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• The role of art therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia
• Examining the effects of dance/movement therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with anxiety disorders
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in coastal fishing communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing relapse in individuals with substance use disorders
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with postpartum depression
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public safety and security
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with eating disorders
• The role of occupational therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with spinal cord injuries
• Examining the effects of art therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic illnesses
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in rural fishing communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating depression in older adults
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with hoarding disorder
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in financial fraud detection
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with multiple sclerosis
• The role of drama therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with personality disorders
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on self-compassion and self-criticism in individuals with eating disorders
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in urban heat island effects
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in rural farming communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with borderline personality disorder
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in online privacy and security
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with multiple sclerosis
• The role of music therapy in improving mental health outcomes in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Examining the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic pain
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in small island developing states (SIDS)
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing suicide risk in adolescents
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in election forecasting
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with diabetes
• The role of group therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders
• Examining the effects of horticultural therapy on stress and anxiety in individuals with depression
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in nomadic communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in education and student privacy
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• The role of art therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with eating disorders
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on depression and anxiety in individuals with postpartum depression
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in coastal tourism communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing depression relapse in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD)
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD)
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in cybersecurity
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with anxiety disorders
• The role of occupational therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• Examining the effects of dance/movement therapy on self-esteem and body image in individuals with eating disorders
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in indigenous communities in the South Pacific
• The use of virtual reality in treating panic disorder in adults
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with bipolar disorder
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in border security and immigration policies
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic pain
• The role of peer support in mental health recovery for individuals with eating disorders
• Examining the effects of art therapy on self-esteem and body image in individuals with chronic illnesses
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in urban development and infrastructure projects
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing workplace violence
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
• The use of virtual reality in treating post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans
• The role of mindfulness-based interventions in improving cognitive function in older adults
• The impact of social media on body image and self-esteem in adolescent girls
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• The role of family-based interventions in improving mental health outcomes in refugees
• Examining the effects of animal-assisted therapy on stress and anxiety in college students
• The use of artificial intelligence in detecting and predicting mental health disorders in children and adolescents
• The impact of social media on interpersonal communication and social skills development in young adults
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in the criminal justice system
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• The role of group therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with borderline personality disorder
• Examining the effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in indigenous communities in the Amazon region
• The use of virtual reality in treating anxiety and stress in healthcare professionals
• The impact of social media on the self-perception of physical appearance and body satisfaction in men
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in the workplace
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with heart disease
• The role of art therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on stress and anxiety in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in urban slum communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing mental health crises in college students
• The role of occupational therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with intellectual disabilities
• Examining the effects of dance/movement therapy on depression and anxiety in individuals with fibromyalgia
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Pacific island communities
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with eating disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in border control and migration management
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis
• The role of peer support in mental health recovery for individuals with bipolar disorder
• Examining the effects of art therapy on depression and anxiety in individuals with cancer
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in refugee camps
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing workplace burnout
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with substance use disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in housing and real estate markets
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic kidney disease
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in indigenous populations
• The role of exercise in managing symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy
• The impact of social media on academic achievement and performance in college students
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in healthcare decision-making
• Investigating the relationship between diet and mental health outcomes in individuals with eating disorders
• The use of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating insomnia and sleep disorders
• The impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in urban communities
• The role of art therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on immune function and health outcomes in older adults
• Investigating the impact of social media on mental health outcomes in individuals with disabilities
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in border control and immigration
• The use of mindfulness-based interventions in treating substance use disorders
• The impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in disaster-affected communities
• Investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents
• The role of occupational therapy in promoting successful aging and quality of life
• Examining the effects of music therapy on pain and anxiety in cancer patients
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in rural communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing suicide risk
• The impact of social media on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors in young adults
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in public policy decision-making
• The role of family-based interventions in promoting mental health and well-being in children and adolescents
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on pain management in chronic pain patients
• The use of telepsychiatry in improving access to mental health care in underserved areas
• The impact of social media on body image and self-esteem in men and boys
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public protests and demonstrations
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in college students
• The role of dance/movement therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with PTSD
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in individuals with chronic pain
• The use of virtual reality in pain management for burn patients
• The impact of social media on mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic pain
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in employment decision-making
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with diabetes
• The role of peer support in mental health recovery for individuals with schizophrenia
• Examining the effects of art therapy on anxiety and depression in older adults
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in agricultural communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders in emergency departments
• The impact of social media on romantic relationships and satisfaction
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in education and schools
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in older adults
• The role of occupational therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in the workplace
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety and depression
• The use of virtual reality in education and training
• Examining the effects of job stress on mental health outcomes in healthcare workers
• Investigating the relationship between social media use and sleep quality in adolescents
• The role of nutritional supplements in preventing age-related cognitive decline
• The impact of climate change on crop yields and food security in developing countries
• Investigating the relationship between childhood trauma and addiction
• The use of telemedicine in improving healthcare access and outcomes in rural areas
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in refugees
• The role of mindfulness-based interventions in addiction recovery
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing falls in older adults
• The impact of social media on political polarization and echo chambers
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public transportation
• Investigating the relationship between sleep disorders and mental health outcomes in children
• The role of animal-assisted therapy in improving mental health outcomes
• Examining the effects of cognitive training on executive function in older adults
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in coastal communities
• The use of virtual reality in pain management and rehabilitation
• The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships and communication
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in financial decision-making
• Investigating the relationship between chronic pain and mental health outcomes in adults
• The role of peer support in mental health recovery for veterans
• Examining the effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with autism
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Arctic populations
• The use of artificial intelligence in early detection and prevention of heart disease
• The impact of social media on self-disclosure and privacy
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in retail marketing
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in pregnant women
• The role of community-based interventions in promoting healthy aging and well-being
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on emotional regulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in low-income populations
• The use of telemedicine in improving mental health access and outcomes in prisons
• The impact of social media on adolescent substance use and addiction
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in criminal justice decision-making
• Investigating the relationship between social support and mental health outcomes in individuals with HIV/AIDS
• The role of creative arts therapies in improving mental health outcomes in children and adolescents
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• The use of artificial intelligence in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders in primary care
• The impact of social media on mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic illnesses
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in workplace surveillance
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in shift workers
• The role of occupational therapy in mental health recovery
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on cognitive function in individuals with traumatic brain injury
• Investigating the impact of parental divorce on children’s mental health
• The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare diagnosis and treatment
• Examining the effects of workaholism on employee well-being and productivity
• Investigating the impact of climate change on coastal erosion
• A critical analysis of the use of biometric data in online security
• The use of genetic testing in personalized nutrition and fitness plans
• The impact of technology on romantic relationships and communication
• Examining the effects of mindfulness interventions on chronic pain management
• Investigating the relationship between trauma and addiction recovery
• The use of wearable technology in improving sports performance and injury prevention
• The impact of climate change on urban heat islands
• A critical analysis of the use of blockchain technology in healthcare
• Investigating the relationship between exercise and depression in older adults
• The role of natural disasters in mental health outcomes
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in adolescents
• Investigating the impact of climate change on food security
• The use of virtual reality in mental health treatment
• The impact of social media on mental health outcomes in LGBTQ+ populations
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in education
• Investigating the relationship between diet and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents
• The role of music therapy in improving mental health outcomes in cancer patients
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on cognitive function in individuals with multiple sclerosis
• Investigating the impact of climate change on wildfire frequency and severity
• The use of robotics in agriculture and food production
• The impact of social media on workplace communication and productivity
• A critical analysis of the use of algorithmic decision-making in hiring and recruitment
• Investigating the relationship between personality traits and mental health outcomes
• The role of peer support in addiction recovery
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on sleep quality and quantity
• Investigating the impact of climate change on air quality and respiratory health
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing medication errors
• The impact of social media on mental health outcomes in older adults
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in border security
• The role of physical activity in preventing chronic diseases
• Examining the effects of cognitive training on academic achievement in children
• The use of 3D printing in creating prosthetics and assistive devices
• The impact of social media on body positivity and self-acceptance
• Investigating the relationship between social support and mental health outcomes in college students
• The role of community-based interventions in promoting healthy eating habits in children
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on caregiver burden and stress
• Investigating the impact of climate change on water scarcity and conflicts
• The use of artificial intelligence in improving mental health diagnosis and treatment
• The impact of social media on mental health outcomes in individuals with eating disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in retail surveillance
• Investigating the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes in older adults
• The role of complementary and alternative medicine in mental health treatment
• Examining the effects of physical exercise on executive function in individuals with ADHD.
• Investigating the impact of workplace bullying on mental health outcomes in healthcare workers
• The use of cognitive behavioral therapy in improving sleep outcomes in individuals with insomnia
• Examining the effects of music therapy on social skills and communication in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• The role of narrative therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with complex trauma histories
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in credit scoring
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia
• The role of dance/movement therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with intellectual disabilities
• Examining the effects of cognitive remediation therapy on cognitive functioning in individuals with traumatic brain injuries
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing workplace accidents
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in retail environments
• The role of drama therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in incarcerated individuals
• Examining the effects of art therapy on emotional regulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Indigenous youth
• The use of virtual reality in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in social media advertising
• The role of horticulture therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with depression
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on emotional dysregulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in migrant populations
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing cyberbullying
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with personality disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in airport security
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disease
• The role of expressive writing therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with trauma histories
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on pain management in individuals with chronic pain
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in First Nations communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating phobias in individuals with developmental disabilities
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with chronic illnesses
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in criminal justice reform
• The role of bibliotherapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with anxiety disorders
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination and worry in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• The role of equine-assisted therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with trauma histories
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic pain
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Indigenous communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating phobias in children
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs)
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in public health surveillance
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with Huntington’s disease
• The role of music therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on self-regulation and emotion regulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing domestic violence
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in immigration enforcement
• The role of art therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with traumatic brain injuries
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in disaster survivors
• The use of virtual reality in treating anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic illnesses
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with gender dysphoria
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in hiring and recruitment processes
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease
• The role of play therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in children with trauma histories
• Examining the effects of art therapy on self-esteem and body image in individuals with eating disorders
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing school violence
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with intellectual disabilities
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public transportation systems
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with spinal cord injuries
• The role of drama therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on emotional regulation and impulsivity in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in forest-dependent communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating postpartum depression in new mothers
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with gambling disorder
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in sports performance analysis
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with fibromyalgia
• The role of animal-assisted therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• The use of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating depression in individuals with chronic pain
• The role of art therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in survivors of sexual assault
• Examining the effects of music therapy on pain management in individuals with fibromyalgia
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in border control
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• The role of animal-assisted therapy in improving mental health outcomes in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on impulsivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in farming communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating agoraphobia in individuals with anxiety disorders
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with chronic pain
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in the hiring process
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with cancer
• The role of narrative therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in refugees
• Examining the effects of art therapy on body image in individuals with eating disorders
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in coastal Indigenous communities
• The use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing traffic accidents
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome
• The role of dance/movement therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in older adults
• Examining the effects of cognitive remediation therapy on social cognition in individuals with schizophrenia
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Arctic communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating acrophobia in individuals with anxiety disorders
• The impact of social media on the mental health outcomes of individuals with gambling disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in healthcare resource allocation
• Investigating the relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis
• The role of bibliotherapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with postpartum depression
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-esteem in individuals with social anxiety disorder
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Pacific Islander communities
• The use of animal-assisted therapy in treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in public protests
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injuries
• The role of drama therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in LGBTQ+ individuals
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety and depression in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in refugee communities
• The use of virtual reality in treating claustrophobia in individuals with anxiety disorders
• The impact of childhood trauma on mental health outcomes in adulthood
• The use of music therapy in improving cognitive function in individuals with dementia
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Indigenous communities in Australia
• The role of mindfulness-based interventions in promoting mental health and well-being in college students
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in criminal justice sentencing
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• The use of art therapy in improving self-esteem in individuals with substance use disorders
• Examining the effects of animal-assisted therapy on aggression in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• The role of cognitive remediation therapy in improving executive functioning in individuals with traumatic brain injuries
• A critical analysis of the use of facial recognition technology in the criminal justice system
• The use of narrative therapy in promoting resilience in individuals who have experienced trauma
• Examining the effects of dance/movement therapy on body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
• The use of virtual reality in treating fear of flying in individuals with anxiety disorders
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in predicting student performance in higher education
• The role of mindfulness-based interventions in promoting mental health and well-being in older adults
• Examining the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia in individuals with depression
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in Arctic Indigenous communities
• The use of animal-assisted therapy in improving social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• The role of art therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with chronic pain
• Examining the effects of cognitive remediation therapy on attention in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• The use of virtual reality in treating fear of needles in children with medical conditions
• A critical analysis of the use of predictive analytics in predicting criminal behavior
• Investigating the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis
• The role of drama therapy in promoting mental health and well-being in individuals with schizophrenia
• Examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on pain management in individuals with chronic migraines
• Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health outcomes in communities affected by natural disasters

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Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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It serves with the wide range of research topics for the researchers from every domain. Everyone can have free, open, and unlimited access for in-depth information. Good research idea leads to more focus to identify important areas of research. Also serves as base for determination of potentials to explore more in such areas. Similarly, thesis is the most important notion in academic expository writing. A few students search on Google “ write my assignment ” for their assignment topics. However thesis sentence focuses on the whole paper’s ideas: a strong argument glazed in just a single sentence, giving reader main idea of the whole study. Therefore, the effective the topic chosen, the efficacious the contribution to the successful grades will be; Google Scholar Thesis topics have that’s why served to be the most effective for students’ academic career.

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For effective selection of the research topics, it must be ensured that the research is already conducted somewhere and data is already available; Google Scholar being the best source for that. It’s not new occurrence, yet many students being unaware of it. It serves as search engine for academic applications, mostly thesis and get dissertations help . Writing whole thesis on Google scholar can be tough and somehow hectic, but with little help and support, you can get succeed. Our Google scholar topics have spent the hours studying thesis ideas over Google Scholar for an outstanding list to get delivered, hence proposals first.

Here is that list of some of fantastic Google scholar Research Proposal topics

Determining the ways to use search engines for effective decision making, relationship between search engine relevance and the clicks., comparison between search engines and social networks for the purpose of information seeking.

Proposal topics are serving as base for thesis build-ups, that’s why Google Scholar Research Proposal topics must be strong enough to catch viewers and readers attention, and build their interest towards whole study material.

Google Scholar research best topic for thesis in education are aiding as best source for students. Talking about thesis paper, involving comprehensive research and being prerequisite for the completion of master degree. Hence, must considering the vitality while choosing the topic. Below are some of exciting topics one must explore:

Who is more employable: Men or women?

What are the measures to prevent bullying at schools, determining the trends of climatic change over last 5 years., correlation between institute status and students’ performance., how “the research guardian” can help you a lot.

Our top thesis writing experts are available 24/7 to assist you the right university projects. Whether its critical literature reviews to complete your PhD. or Master Levels thesis.

Exploring more? Here is another interesting list for the Accounting Research topics

Google Scholar Quantitative Research topics are considered as ones carrying any quantifiable research data, whereas other than that known as Google scholar Qualitative research topics (which cannot be quantified), exemplifying some of quantitative ones below:

Capital budgeting: what is it all about?

Correlation between job satisfaction and employee turnover, influence of unemployment rate on economic inflation rate, relationship between innovation and the fiscal decentralization, influence of immigrants towards crime statics, list of creative google scholar research topics in marketing.

Creativity is the crucial element for great topics development and catching the readers’ attention. A creative marketing topic furthermore serves as ultimate source in maximizing business profits. Hence some of the Google Scholar research topics in business serving for marketing base as well, are:

Analysis of customer retention in e-commerce business

• Ways companies influencing/ impacting consumer buying behaviors
• Ways for businesses to position themselves for hard economic times.

Google Scholar usage to find relevant Research Content and Ideas

Google Scholar is more user-friendly that requires less efforts for researching; keywords rather whole big sentences.  It can further be break down to 8 different strategies for Google scholar to be used for content Ideas:

1. Searching by year for finding latest and trending topics

More relevant research papers can be found by year filter.

2. Exploring related articles on definite topics

It allows similar articles to get explored for more ideas and in-depth knowledge.

3. Exploring most popular publications and articles

It allows browsing top 100 publications in different languages, allowing you to see publication article most often being cited and by whom. It can be used to see what topics they cover and which authors are most cited, content ideas to be found for your own blog topics.

Looking For Customize Thesis Topics?

Take a review of different varieties of thesis topics and samples from our website TheResearchGuardian.com on multiple subjects for every educational level.

4. Following citations for additional ideas

Using ‘Cited by Options’ lead you to other relevant search within that database.

5. Narrow down your Results by Field

An advanced function allowing users to use keywords, places of occurrence, and phrases. You can also segment your search by dates, publishers, and authors.

6. Using Research Keywords for informing search

Keywords can be used for content ideas’ inspirations, great source for finding related ideas for article’s quality improvement.

7. Finding competitor and Industry topics

Another effective strategy is using Google Scholar for finding out the topics that related industry players and competitors are using.

8. Using Google Scholar for expanding the customer base

You can try to search for topics that are relevant to the industry and ones writing about them. Research Topics along with their Aims and Objectives.

Aim and objectives

This study aims;

• To find out different search engines that are used for different research materials, within different domains.
• To explore which engines are effective for which domain specified research.
• To determine different ways through which these search engines are used.
• To determine ways in which these search engines are useful in making effective decision makings.
• In last, to recommend the effective methods for different domains related researches.

This study aims the following:

• To understand the search engine optimisation techniques.
• To understand how search engine is relevant on per click website data.
• To find out the relationship between search engine optimisation on quality of website traffic.
• To find out the relationship between search engine optimisation on quantity of website traffic.
• To analyse and accordingly recommend the optimizing search engines by using clickthrough data.

This study mainly focuses on making comparisons between different search engines and the social networks:

• To analyse the impact of social media networks for the information seeking tenacity.
• To analyse the impact of different search engines usage for the information seeking tenacity.
• To analyse by making comparisons between social networks and the searching engines, by checking frequency of re-finding the items.
• To analyse the frequency between both the methods towards exploratory tasks.

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This study aims to answer the most challenging answers of todays, and focuses on following aims:

• To analyse who are more achieved towards effective communication skills: men and women.
• To analyse who are more manageable towards the problem solving and self-management: men or women.
• To critically analyse who do have better leadership skills: men or women?
• To analyse who is more self-motivated towards the work? Men or women?
• To analyse who do have more teamwork and collaborative skills, as professional behaviour: men or women?

This study helps in finding out the following:

• To understand different cybercrimes being used at the schools.
• To identify and analyse different prevention methods being used in school.
• To determine the best bullying prevention programs within school systems.
• Identifying the importance of bullying prevention awareness trainings in schools.
• To provide recommendations for implementing the anti-bullying methods and campaigns.

The study helps in fulfilling the below objectives;

• To identify the variations that occur in the Earth’s Orbit, over 5 years back since now.
• To identify reliability of crops over last 5 years (from farmers’ perspective).
• To identify and collect the empirical data on current global climatic changes, such as; precipitation and the temperature.
• To analyse temperature of climatic warming over last 5 years.
• To analyse the influence of wastes, and consumerism towards global warming since back to 5 years.
• To analyse the influence of transportation and vehicles towards global warming since back to 5 years.

The study aims;

• To find out the relationship between institutional set standards, practices to the student participation
• To find out relationship between skilled staff on student learning and motivation.
• To find out relationship between skilled staff on students’ grades and student achievement across various academic subjects.
• To determine the role of quality institutional staff on increasing classroom performance.
• To determine the role of quality institutional staff on increasing graduation rates.

The main objective of this study is to explore the important information about the capital budgeting of the businesses. To get this objective done, further aims have been established, that are:

• To understand the role of capital budgeting in businesses.
• To determine analysis methods for capital budgeting.
• To identify the different capital budgeting techniques.
• To determine role of each technique in effective investment decision making.
• To determine the role of capital budgeting in financial commitment of the organizations.

This study aims identify the following objectives:

• To find out the relationship between working flexibility on the employee turnover rate.
• To determine development opportunities on changing employee turnover trends.
• To determine the relationship between varying working conditions on employee satisfaction and dedication (by means of their total annual leaves).
• To determine the relationship between employee autonomy on employee annual retention rate.

Aims and objectives of this study are:

• To determine the impact of unemployment trends on changing prices of the goods and services consumed within the country.
• To determine the impact of unemployment rate on the economic CPI.
• To determine the impact of unemployment rate on the economic PCE (Personal consumption Expenditures).
• To determine the impact of unemployment rate on the RPI (Retail Price Index).

Aims and objectives

• To identify the relationship between adopting green technology innovation on the fiscal decentralisation.
• To analyse the relationship between the green total factors of production on the fiscal decentralisation of the economy.
• To analyse the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and the environmental innovation.
• To recommend the ways for financial decentralisation level optimisations for the innovative development regulations of the economy.
• This study aims; to analyse the impact of increasing immigrants to the economic crime records.
• To analyse the trend of immigrants impacting the economy’s criminal physical abuse rate.
• To analyse impact of immigrants trends on the UCR Supplementary Homicide Reports.
• To provide the recommendations for improving criminal records to reduce their crime effects and crime rates.
• To analyse the role of improved customers support towards online businesses.
• To analyse customer retention strategies for the online business segments.
• To analyse the role of personalised shopping experiences towards online customer services.
• Analysing role of smooth on-boarding processes to the online order managements.
• Analysing customer loyalty programs and rewards impacting the positive growth of online business.

Ways companies influencing/ impacting consumer buying behaviours

• This study aims to find out the useful methods for increasing consumer buying behaviours.
• To find out the ways that companies use to increase their customers’ habitual buying behaviours.
• Determining different methods to influence different stages of consumer buying behaviours.
• Analyse psychological impacts towards consumer buying habits.
• To analyse the environmental factors influencing the customers’ buying habits.

Ways for businesses to position themselves for hard economic times

• This study aims to find out/ determine the ways businesses effort to avoid the excessive debts.
• How investments are working for the business stability during hard and strong economic debt situations.
• Identifying the ways/ methods/ efforts that business put to avoid the disastrous Pandemic019 situations.
• Identifying methods for businesses backing back to their post-pandemic normal situations.
• Also aims to recommend businesses for better strategies adaptation to deal with hard economic situations like; post-pandemic circumstances, high inflation, increased unemployment levels, etc.

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Connect to the library

Connecting Google Scholar to the Library will add "Viewit@ISU" links to your search results. Clicking these links will prompt you to sign in to the Library and then query our collection. If the Library subscribes to the item you are looking for, you should be directed to the service that will let you access it.

• You can perform these steps without a Google Account but signing in will save your changes so that they work across multiple devices.
• Click the icon showing three horizontal bars on the top left of the webpage.
• From this menu click Settings  and then click Library links .
• In the search box on the Library links page, enter  iowa state
• You’ll see three different options. Check the box for  Iowa State University – ViewIt@ISU.
• Click Save.

Your profile (for authors)

• Sign into  Google Scholar  using your Google Account.
• Click  My Profile at the top of the page, on the left side, to enter your profile.
• Set up your initial profile
• Edit your profile information, including where you work, name, photo, and research interests
• Manage your publications

You can also explore the profiles of other faculty at Iowa State University on Google Scholar.

Edit Your Profile 

• Starting from Google Scholar, you can access and edit your profile by clicking My Profile  in the top left corner of the screen. You can also find your profile using the "hamburger" menu (the 3 lines in the top left corner).
• Click the pencil icon next to your photo to enter edit mode.
• Add a photo by clicking on the placeholder profile picture and then uploading a photo from your computer.
• Fill out your university affiliation and add your ISU email address (this will verify your scholar profile).
• If you don't make your profile public then other people cannot locate you on Google Scholar.
• Making your profile public will make it easier for people to locate, and read, your scholarship.

Managing your publications (for authors)

Add a publication.

Click the + button below your photo to add articles to your profile. You can locate articles to add three different ways: 

• Add article groups   - This option shows you groups of articles that may all be yours... or not. This method doesn't always work well but it does let you add multiple articles to your profile at once.
• Add articles - select individual articles to add to your profile. (try changing the search to an article's title if the suggestions don't have what you are looking for).
• Add article manually - if your work has not been indexed by Google Scholar then you can add it yourself. You can add many different types of publications in this form. Sadly the form does not let you add a link to an online copy.

Merge Duplicates

• Use the checkboxes to select your duplicate publications, one set at a time.
• The Add button changes to a Merge button on the toolbar. Click it.
• Choose the record with the best information (least typos). Click Merge .
• Repeat as needed.

Delete publications

• Use the checkboxes to select the publication(s) you want to delete.
• A Delete button will appear to the left of the Merge button on the toolbar.
• There is a one-time undo message after you delete publication(s).

Exporting data (for authors)

Google Scholar lets you download your publication data so you can easily import it into other programs. Please note that it only exports your publication info, not citation counts.

• You can "select all" by checking the box next to "title" on the gray bar under your photo.
• BibTeX, EndNote, RefMan and CSV are the available file types.

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Google Scholar Research Topics

• Post author By admin
• August 24, 2023

Explore a World of Knowledge: Dive into Google Scholar Research Topics. Discover academic treasures, expert insights, and endless research possibilities in one click.

Hey, you curious explorer! Ever felt like a digital Indiana Jones, on a mission to unearth that elusive piece of information hidden in the vast internet jungle?

We feel your excitement and your frustration because, let’s be honest, navigating the online maze can be a thrilling yet bewildering experience.

But hold onto your hats, because we’re about to reveal a treasure map that will change your research game forever. Drumroll, please… introducing Google Scholar Research Topics! It’s like having a scholarly GPS that leads you straight to the gems of knowledge you’re hunting for.

Now, imagine us as your friendly co-pilots on this adventure. We’re here to help you decode the secrets of Google Scholar Research Topics, making your journey through the virtual realms of information as smooth as silk.

So, gear up, fellow explorer! It’s time to embark on a quest where discoveries await you at every click. 

Table of Contents

What Are Google Scholar Research Topics?

Imagine you’re on an online treasure hunt for knowledge, searching for that elusive nugget of wisdom. That’s where Google Scholar Research Topics swoop in like your savvy guide. They’re like themed collections of academic articles, neatly organized around specific topics.

How’s this magic possible? Google Scholar employs its brainy algorithms to dig through heaps of scholarly articles and pluck out the juiciest bits. These bits are then bundled up into Research Topics.

So, whether you’re a student diving into research or a curious mind exploring, Google Scholar Research Topics are your shortcut to scholarly gold. They’re like having a super-smart librarian curate the best reading list for you. Stay tuned to discover how they can supercharge your research game!

How Are Research Topics Created?

Ah, the magic behind the scenes! Google Scholar Research Topics aren’t conjured up by wizards, but rather by advanced algorithms. Here’s the behind-the-curtain process:

Data Deluge

Google Scholar has an insatiable appetite for academic articles. It gobbles up research papers from universities, journals, and publishers across the web.

Digital Detectives

Once the articles are in, Google Scholar’s algorithms turn into digital detectives. They analyze each article, picking out keywords, topics, and connections.

Clustering Wizardry

The algorithms then work their clustering wizardry. They group articles that share common themes, subjects, or keywords. Think of it as creating folders for your digital bookshelf.

Voila, Research Topics!

After all that digital sorting and categorizing, what you get are the neat and tidy Research Topics you see on Google Scholar.

So, in a nutshell, it’s like having an army of digital librarians organizing the vast expanse of scholarly knowledge into easily digestible bits.

And these Research Topics? They’re your treasure maps in this information jungle! 

Check out some of the best Google Scholar research topics.

• Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Healthcare
• Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
• Neuroscience and Mind-Body Connection
• Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Rainforests
• Quantum Computing Advancements
• Mental Health Interventions for Adolescents
• Space Exploration and Martian Colonization
• Blockchain Technology and Financial Innovation
• Renewable Energy Sources and Sustainability
• Gender Equality and Workplace Inclusion
• Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things
• Pediatric Obesity and Health Outcomes
• Cultural Diversity and Social Integration
• Genomic Medicine and Personalized Therapies
• Educational Technology in Remote Learning
• Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine
• Environmental Ethics and Sustainable Practices
• Digital Transformation in Business
• Political Polarization and Civic Engagement
• Artificial Intelligence in Art and Creativity

These Google Scholar Research Topics encompass a broad spectrum of fields, offering a gateway to a world of knowledge.

Whether you’re a researcher, student, or simply curious, these topics are your keys to unlocking the treasure trove of scholarly insights.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Education

Here are some engaging Google Scholar Research Topics in Education:

• Enhancing STEM Education for Underrepresented Groups
• The Impact of Online Learning on Student Engagement
• Inclusive Education Strategies for Diverse Classrooms
• The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Teaching
• Assessment Methods for Measuring 21st-Century Skills
• Promoting Critical Thinking in Early Childhood Education
• Educational Technology and Active Learning Environments
• Cultural Competence in Teacher Training Programs
• Parental Involvement in Student Success
• The Future of Higher Education: Trends and Innovations

These Google Scholar Research Topics in Education offer a glimpse into the fascinating world of educational research and practice.

Whether you’re an educator, student, or simply curious about the evolving landscape of education, these topics provide a rich starting point for exploration

Google Scholar Research Topics in Biology

Ready for a biological adventure? Check out these captivating Google Scholar Research Topics:

• Genomic Sequencing and Evolutionary Insights
• The Role of Microbiota in Human Health
• Neuroplasticity and Brain Function in Aging
• Biodiversity Conservation in Fragile Ecosystems
• Advancements in CRISPR Gene Editing Technology
• Cancer Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies
• Climate Change Impacts on Wildlife Migration
• Biomechanics of Animal Locomotion
• Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Signaling
• Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agriculture

These topics are your gateway to the exciting world of biology. Ready to explore?

Google Scholar Research Topics in Business

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in the field of Business:

• Sustainability Practices in Supply Chain Management
• The Impact of E-commerce on Traditional Retail
• Strategic Innovation in the Age of Digital Disruption
• Diversity and Inclusion in Organizational Culture
• Financial Technology (FinTech) and Banking Transformation
• Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets
• Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Engagement
• Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation
• Big Data Analytics for Business Decision-Making
• Globalization Trends in International Business

These Google Scholar Research Topics offer a glimpse into the dynamic and evolving world of business studies.

Whether you’re a student, researcher, or business professional, these topics provide a launching pad for exploring key issues and emerging trends in the business realm.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Psychology

Here are some captivating Google Scholar Research Topics in Psychology:

• Mindfulness and Mental Well-being
• Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
• Understanding Cognitive Development in Children
• Exploring the Psychology of Decision-Making
• Effects of Trauma on Memory and Coping Mechanisms
• Personality Traits and Career Choice
• Positive Psychology: Cultivating Happiness and Resilience
• Cross-Cultural Differences in Psychological Disorders
• Neuroscience of Emotions and Emotional Regulation
• Psychological Factors in Addiction and Recovery

These Google Scholar Research Topics provide a glimpse into the fascinating world of psychological research.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Economics

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Economics

• The Impact of Global Trade Policies on Economic Growth
• Income Inequality and Its Socioeconomic Consequences
• Behavioral Economics: Understanding Irrational Decision-Making
• Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development
• Labor Market Dynamics in the Gig Economy
• Monetary Policy and Its Effects on Inflation and Employment
• Economic Resilience and Recovery Post-Pandemic
• Cryptocurrency and the Future of Financial Systems
• The Economics of Healthcare and Healthcare Reform
• Economic Development Strategies for Emerging Markets

These Google Scholar Research Topics delve into the complex and ever-evolving world of economics.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Finance

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Finance:

• Behavioral Finance: Unraveling Investor Psychology
• Financial Market Volatility and Risk Management
• Corporate Finance and Capital Structure Decisions
• Financial Inclusion and Access to Banking Services
• Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology in Finance
• Sustainable Finance and Ethical Investment
• Asset Pricing Models and Portfolio Management
• Financial Regulations and Their Impacts on Markets
• Fintech Innovation and Financial Services Disruption
• Global Financial Crises and Economic Resilience

These Google Scholar Research Topics offer a glimpse into the dynamic world of finance research.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Nursing

Here are some engaging Google Scholar Research Topics in Nursing:

• Patient-Centered Care Models in Nursing
• Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
• Nursing Informatics and Healthcare Technology
• The Impact of Nursing Shortages on Patient Outcomes
• Mental Health Nursing and Psychosocial Interventions
• Community Health Nursing in Underserved Populations
• Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Nursing
• Nursing Education and Curriculum Development
• Pediatric Nursing and Child Health
• Gerontological Nursing and Aging Care

These Google Scholar Research Topics delve into the diverse and critical field of nursing.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Marketing

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Marketing:

• Digital Marketing Strategies in the Age of Social Media
• Consumer Behavior and Decision-Making in E-commerce
• Brand Loyalty and Relationship Marketing
• Content Marketing and Storytelling in Advertising
• Market Segmentation and Targeting Strategies
• Influencer Marketing and its Impact on Consumer Perception
• Data Analytics and Customer Insights for Marketing
• Sustainability and Ethical Marketing Practices
• Retail Marketing Trends and Omni-Channel Strategies
• International Marketing in a Globalized World

These Google Scholar Research Topics provide a glimpse into the dynamic and evolving field of marketing.

Google Scholar Research Topics on Health

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Health:

• Health Disparities and Social Determinants of Health
• Digital Health Innovations and Telemedicine
• Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Chronic Disease Prevention
• Healthcare Policy and Access to Medical Services
• Mental Health and Well-Being Interventions
• Health Education and Health Promotion Strategies
• Global Health Challenges and Disease Outbreak Preparedness
• Aging Population and Geriatric Healthcare
• Nutrition and Dietary Interventions for Health
• Environmental Health and Public Health Initiatives

These Google Scholar Research Topics delve into the multifaceted world of health and healthcare.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Mathematics

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Mathematics:

• Advancements in Number Theory and Prime Numbers
• Geometry and Topology: Exploring Mathematical Shapes
• Algebraic Structures and Applications in Cryptography
• Probability and Statistical Inference in Data Science
• Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems
• Graph Theory and Network Analysis
• Mathematics of Machine Learning Algorithms
• Differential Equations and their Applications
• Optimization Techniques in Operations Research
• Mathematics of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computing

These Google Scholar Research Topics delve into the fascinating world of mathematical research.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Organized Crimes and Terrorism

Here are some compelling Google Scholar Research Topics in Organized Crime and Terrorism:

• Cyberterrorism and the Threats in the Digital Age
• Transnational Organized Crime Networks and Their Impact
• Counterterrorism Strategies: A Global Perspective
• Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering Investigations
• Radicalization and Recruitment in Modern Terrorism
• The Role of Intelligence Agencies in Countering Terrorism
• Narcoterrorism: The Nexus Between Drug Trade and Terrorism
• Human Trafficking as an Organized Crime
• Cybersecurity and the Protection Against Cyber Attacks
• Terrorism in Conflict Zones: Case Studies and Analysis

These Google Scholar Research Topics delve into the complex and critical issues of organized crime and terrorism.

Google Scholar Research Topics on Equity

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics on Equity:

• Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Educational Equity
• Gender Pay Gap and Workplace Gender Equity
• Access to Healthcare Services and Health Equity
• Income Inequality and Economic Equity
• Environmental Justice and Equity in Resource Distribution
• Criminal Justice Reform and Racial Equity
• Equity in Education Funding and Educational Outcomes
• Housing Equity and Affordable Housing Policies
• Digital Divide and Technological Equity
• Climate Change Mitigation and Climate Equity

These Google Scholar Research Topics shed light on the multifaceted aspects of equity across various domains.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Public Health

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Public Health:

• Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Outbreak Preparedness
• Health Disparities and Access to Healthcare Services
• Mental Health Promotion and Intervention Strategies
• Nutrition and Food Security in Public Health
• Environmental Health and Pollution Control
• Maternal and Child Health Initiatives
• Public Health Policies and Health Equity
• Chronic Disease Prevention and Lifestyle Interventions
• Healthcare Systems and Healthcare Quality
• Global Health Challenges and Pandemic Response

These Google Scholar Research Topics provide insight into the multifaceted field of public health.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Agriculture

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Agriculture:

• Sustainable Agriculture Practices and Food Security
• Crop Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Climate Change
• Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming Technologies
• Soil Health Management for Enhanced Crop Yields
• Organic Farming and Sustainable Pest Control
• Agricultural Policy Impacts on Rural Communities
• Livestock Farming and Animal Welfare
• Aquaculture and Sustainable Seafood Production
• Food Safety and Quality Assurance in Agriculture
• Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Farming

These Google Scholar Research Topics offer insight into the diverse and vital field of agriculture.

Google Scholar Research Topics in Computer Science

Here are some intriguing Google Scholar Research Topics in Computer Science:

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Advancements
• Computer Vision and Image Processing Techniques
• Natural Language Processing and Language Models
• Cybersecurity and Threat Detection in a Connected World
• Data Mining and Big Data Analytics Applications
• Human-Computer Interaction and User Experience Design
• Quantum Computing and Cryptography Challenges
• Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Cities Innovations
• Cloud Computing and Edge Computing Solutions
• Software Engineering Practices and Agile Development

These Google Scholar Research Topics provide a glimpse into the dynamic and evolving field of computer science. 

Google Scholar Research Topics PDF

Check out Google Scholar research topics pdf

The Significance of Google Scholar Research Topics

Hey there, curious minds! Let’s embark on a journey into the captivating world of Google Scholar Research Topics. Picture this: you’re about to unlock the doors to an intellectual wonderland where knowledge flows like a river and ideas dance like fireflies on a warm summer night.

The Deep Dive

Ever wondered how deep the rabbit hole goes when you’re exploring a topic like “astrophysics”? With research topics, it’s like falling into a bottomless pit of academic articles, research papers, and profound discoveries. Get ready to be amazed.

Your Trusty Guide

In a world where information rains down like a monsoon, research topics are your trusty umbrella. They shield you from the data deluge and guide you to the gems of wisdom hidden within the storm.

Where Boundaries Blur

These topics are like magic bridges that connect different fields of knowledge. It’s where you’ll see biologists talking to computer scientists, and philosophers chatting with engineers. Prepare for some mind-bending insights!

Stay Ahead of the Curve

Imagine having a knowledgeable friend who whispers the latest and greatest in your ear. Research topics keep you in the know about the hottest trends in your area of interest.

Decisions, Decisions

If you’re a decision-maker or a professional, these topics are your secret weapon. They arm you with evidence-based insights for crafting policies, strategies, and making informed choices.

Playground for Lifelong Learners

Lifelong learners, rejoice! These topics are like a playground where you can swing from one fascinating subject to another. Your ticket to never-ending adventures in the world of ideas.

Breaking Down Walls

Forget the walls that separate academia from the real world. Research topics tear those barriers down and invite everyone to the knowledge party. It’s where everyone’s invited, and the ideas flow like a river.

Global Idea Exchange

Researchers from across the globe gather here. It’s like a massive brainstorming session where diverse ideas collide, leading to breakthroughs you couldn’t have dreamed of.

Igniting Innovation

Innovation thrives on fresh perspectives. Google Scholar Research Topics introduce you to new angles, spark creativity, and lead to ingenious solutions to real-world challenges.

Sharpening Your Thinking Tools

These topics are your mental gym. They challenge you to think critically, question everything, and evaluate information like a pro. Your brain’s about to get a workout!

So, here’s the deal – Google Scholar Research Topics are your passports to the land of discovery. Whether you’re a relentless explorer, a student on a quest for knowledge, or simply someone with a curious itch, these topics are your trusty compasses in the vast sea of intellectual exploration.

Let’s set sail, explore, and let our curiosity take us to uncharted territories of understanding. Ready? Let’s go! 

How do I find research topics on Google Scholar?

Alright, let’s talk about unleashing the treasure trove of research topics on Google Scholar – the academic explorer’s paradise.

Whether you’re a student with a term paper looming or a curious soul on a quest for knowledge, finding research topics here is an adventure waiting to happen.

Step into Google Scholar

Your journey begins at the Google Scholar website (scholar.google.com).

Enter Your Starting Point

Think of a broad keyword or phrase that aligns with your interests. For instance, if the environment tickles your fancy, “climate change” is a great place to start.

Type your keyword in the search bar and hit “Enter.” What unfolds before you is a list of academic goodies – papers, articles, and more.

Play with the Left Sidebar

Here’s where you can fine-tune your search:

Time Travel

Click “Since Year” to uncover the freshest research. Perfect if you want the latest scoop on your topic.

The Power of Citation

Ever heard of a paper that’s like the Beyoncé of research? Click “Cited by” to find out which papers reference it. These are usually pretty significant.

Soulmates of Research

Click “Related articles” to discover research closely linked to what you’ve found. Great for exploring similar topics.

Multiple Personalities

Click “All x versions” to see different versions of a paper. Sometimes, you strike gold in the extended versions.

Research Topics in Disguise

As you scroll through search results, keep an eye on titles, abstracts, and keywords. These are like signposts to research topics. Click on the papers that pique your interest.

Keyword Bonanza

Check out the keywords listed under a paper. They’re often research topics themselves or closely related ones.

Get Crafty with Your Search

If your initial search doesn’t hit the bullseye, don’t fret. Play around with keywords, use quotes for exact phrases, or throw in more specific terms.

Save and Conquer

When you stumble upon intriguing research topics, save them. Tools like Zotero or Mendeley are your trusty sidekicks for organizing and citing them.

Follow the Trail of Citations

If a paper grabs your attention, check its list of references. It’s like a treasure map to more research topics and related studies.

Set Up Camp with Alerts

If you’re fully immersing yourself in a particular field, consider setting up email alerts for new research on Google Scholar. You’ll always be in the loop.

Remember, the art of finding research topics on Google Scholar is all about curiosity and a dash of patience. Follow your interests, let one topic lead you to another, and let your curiosity be your guide. Adventure awaits! 

Is Google Scholar a research article?

Hold up, let’s break this down in plain English! Google Scholar isn’t a research article – it’s more like the Sherlock Holmes of the academic world. You see, it doesn’t write the articles; it’s more into finding them for you.

Google Scholar is like that super-smart friend who knows where to find all the cool stuff. It’s a search engine, but not your regular “find-me-a-cute-cat-video” kind. This one digs up scholarly articles, research papers, and academic goodies from all corners of the internet.

So, when you dive into Google Scholar, you’re not reading an article by Google Scholar (imagine that!). Instead, you’re on a treasure hunt for the real deal – articles crafted by brainy researchers, professors, and experts.

Think of it as your gateway to the world of academic wisdom. It’s like your GPS to track down research articles, not the articles themselves. Got it? Next time you’re hunting for brainy stuff, remember, Google Scholar’s got your back!

How do I get free research papers on Google Scholar?

Alright, let’s get you those juicy research papers for free on Google Scholar – it’s like a virtual library, and you’re about to be the coolest librarian in town. No library card needed, just your internet connection and a sprinkle of know-how.

Hop onto Google Scholar

First things first, open up Google Scholar. It’s like stepping into a world of brainy wonders.

Type in Your Curiosity

Think of a keyword or phrase that matches your research itch. If you’re into “ocean pollution,” type it in and hit that “Enter” button.

Magic Happens

Behold! A list of search results appears before your very eyes.

Hunt for “PDF” Goodness

Now, here’s where the fun begins. Look for links that say “PDF” or “Full-Text” on the right side of the search results. These are your golden tickets to free research papers.

Click and Grab

Once you spot a promising link, give it a click. The paper should pop up, and you can download it. You’re basically building your own digital library!

Organize with Google Scholar Library

Feeling fancy? Use the “My Library” feature on Google Scholar to save and organize your treasure trove of papers.

Wanna stay in the loop? Set up email alerts for new research papers in your area of interest. Google Scholar’s got your back.

Raid the University Vaults

Universities sometimes share their research on their websites. Google Scholar might point you there for some free goodies.

Explore Open Access Journals

There are journals that believe in the power of free knowledge. They’re like the Robin Hoods of the research world. Google Scholar can lead you to them.

Sneak into Legal Hideouts

Platforms like ResearchGate, Academia.edu, and preprint servers often host free papers. Google Scholar might just give you the secret map.

Knock on University Doors

Universities love to show off their research. Google Scholar can guide you to their websites where you might find free research papers.

Now, here’s the scoop – not every paper is free as a bird. Some might ask for your wallet or library access. But with a sprinkle of determination and some crafty clicking, you can uncover a bunch of free research papers to satisfy your curiosity cravings. Happy paper hunting! 

Are Google Scholar articles credible?

Alright, let’s chat about the credibility of those articles you stumble upon in the Google Scholar jungle. Think of it as a safari through the savannah of knowledge. But are all the creatures you encounter trustworthy? Here’s the scoop:

Scholarly Savvy

Google Scholar is your go-to source for scholarly articles and research papers. These are the big shots of the academic world, usually written by experts and rigorously reviewed.

Respectable Journals

Many articles on Google Scholar come from prestigious academic journals. These journals are like the VIP clubs of research, known for their strict quality control.

Academic Institutions

Universities and research institutions share their findings here. Think of it as getting insider info. These sources are credible since they’ve often passed internal review processes.

Count Those Citations

One nifty feature is the “Cited by” section. It’s like checking the popularity of a song on Spotify but for research. More citations often mean more credibility.

Investigate Authors

Take a peek at the authors. Do they have fancy titles and affiliations with respected institutions? A credible author usually means a credible article.

Peer Review Rules

Articles that have undergone peer review are gold. It’s like getting a stamp of approval from the pros. They’ve been scrutinized for accuracy and quality.

Follow the Paper Trail

Look at the references within the article. If they’re citing other credible sources and experts in the field, it’s a good sign.

Dodging Predatory Journals

While Google Scholar is mostly a hero, there are villains too – predatory journals. These publish low-quality or non-reviewed articles. Always double-check the source and journal.

Peek at the Abstract

The abstract is like the movie trailer of an article. It gives you a quick glimpse of what’s inside. Is it well-written and relevant? That’s a green light.

Seek Expert Advice

When in doubt, turn to the experts. Professors and researchers can be your trusty guides through the wilderness of scholarly sources.

So, here’s the deal – Google Scholar is like a vast library, but not every book is a masterpiece. You need to wear your detective hat, do some digging, and apply your critical thinking skills.

While the platform itself doesn’t guarantee credibility, it’s often a starting point for finding credible research. So, go ahead, be the knowledge detective, and uncover those hidden gems! 

Wrapping Up Your Adventure with Google Scholar Research Topics

So there you have it, folks! We’ve taken quite the journey through the realm of Google Scholar Research Topics. From diving into different subjects to digging up scholarly articles, we’ve been on a bit of an exploration spree.

But here’s the deal – Google Scholar isn’t just a search engine. It’s like a treasure map for your brain. It’s where you can find all sorts of smart stuff and dive into the world of learning.

As we’ve strolled through this digital library of knowledge, we’ve learned that Google Scholar isn’t just a tool; it’s an invitation to join the big conversation. It’s like being part of a club where you chat with smart folks, explore cool ideas, and become a mini-expert in whatever interests you.

So whether you’re a student with a deadline, a curious cat, or just someone who loves learning, remember that Google Scholar Research Topics is like your special key to a world of cool facts. It’s where you get answers, question things, and basically feel like a brainy detective.

As you keep on this research journey, remember – it’s not just about reaching the end. Every topic you dive into, every article you click, it’s all about adding to your brain’s library of knowledge.

So, go on, armed with the Google Scholar superpowers, and enjoy your adventure of discovering new things. Learning is like a treasure hunt, and Google Scholar Research Topics is your trusty map. Have fun exploring, everyone! 

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i trust the sources on google scholar.

Absolutely. Google Scholar sources its content from reputable academic institutions and publishers. However, always exercise critical thinking and evaluate sources for relevance and credibility.

Is Google Scholar Free to Use?

Yes, Google Scholar is a free resource accessible to anyone with an internet connection.

How Can I Access Full Articles?

While Google Scholar provides links to many full-text articles, some may require a subscription or purchase. Check with your institution’s library for access options.

Can I Create My Research Topics on Google Scholar?

No, Google Scholar’s Research Topics are generated algorithmically. However, you can save and organize articles into your personal library.

Are Google Scholar Research Topics Only for Academic Researchers?

Not at all. They are valuable for students, educators, and anyone interested in in-depth knowledge on various subjects.

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100+ Best Google Scholar Research Topics

Google Scholar provides a simple and unique way to search for scholarly literature. In a nutshell, it is a search engine for educational applications, especially dissertation and thesis research. Unfortunately, writing a dissertation, thesis, or research paper that is researchable on google scholar can be challenging, especially when finding a good topic or think about pay for dissertation .

Top Google Scholar Research Proposal Topics

Great examples of google scholar thesis topics, great google scholar dissertation topics, creative google scholar research topics in marketing, great google scholar research topics in computer science, fantastic google scholar accounting research topics, excellent google scholar research topics in education, samples of google scholar research topics in business, the best google scholar research topics for nursing, incredible google scholar research topics in economics, top google scholar research topics in finance, interesting google scholar research topics in psychology, top google scholar research topics in chemistry, good google scholar quantitative research topics, good google scholar qualitative research topics.

A good google scholar search by topic should be well-researched, original, exciting and compelling, clear and competitive, relevant to your field of study, manageable, and enticing. If you are seeking excellent google scholar topics in 2022, you are in the right place. We spent hours creating some interesting ideas listed below for you.

A good google scholar research proposal topic should be unique and original. Also, it should be relevant to your area of study. Here are examples of research topics research google scholar search:

• The relationship between the relevance of search engines and clicks
• How does implicit impact provide better results from search engines?
• Ways to enhance the effectiveness of search engines
• Is social media experience dependent on search engines?
• Social media vs. traditional media: The analytics
• A comparison of social networks and search engines for information seeking
• How to use search engines for better decision-making

A thesis paper involves comprehensive research and is required to complete a master’s degree. Therefore, when choosing a topic, you must not forget its vitality. Below are some exciting google scholar thesis topics you should explore:

• Paid placement strategies for website search engines
• The causes of the decline in employment rates
• Are men more employable than women?
• Climate change and its impact on natural resources
• Bullying in schools: Measures to prevent it
• Climate change trends over the last four years
• Is there a correlation between school status and performance?

A dissertation is a research project completed by undergraduate and postgraduate students. A good topic can make your project easy or complicate it more than it should. Here are some incredible google scholar dissertation topic examples:

• The pros and cons of international joint ventures
• Impacts of organizational culture on business decision making
• Does organizational culture influence performance?
• Does training employees alter business productivity?
• Human resource strategies for non-profit organizations
• An extensive exploration of cultural changes and their impacts on social lives
• How the integration of technology in the SCM sector works

Creativity is a critical element in creating great topics. Here are some marketing google scholar research topics:

• How companies can influence the consumer buying behavior
• The impact of social media advertising on consumer behavior
• The interwoven impacts of brand marketing and political campaigns
• An overview of the outcomes of advertising strategies in a recession
• How impulse buying influences the internet world
• An analysis of customer retention in online businesses
• How businesses are positioning themselves for hard economic times

As we have said earlier, a good google scholar research topic should be relevant to the specific field of study. So here are topics relevant to computer science:

• An analysis of search algorithms
• The evolution of artificial intelligence over the past ten years
• The role of human intelligence in artificial intelligence
• How do mobile gadgets employ unique software development?
• A data-based comparison of iOS and Android
• The role of development in future computer systems
• Effective ways of improving computer data security

Finding a research topic in accounting can cause a headache. So, we prepared the following examples:

• The impact of managerial accounting in large corporate organizations
• Activity-based costing: meaning and components
• How accounting can revolutionize medical care
• A look at the accounting parameters in public service
• How managerial accounting influences global finance practices
• How does managerial accounting influence human resources?
• Capital budgeting: What is it all about?

Even education students benefit from the google scholar search engine. Here are some education-related google scholar research topics:

• An analysis of the real-time performance of education data
• Online vs. offline studies: The comparison
• Why the present curriculums are generating results
• The mental impacts of distance learning
• Creative ways of monitoring student’s mental health
• Ways to empower girls’ education
• The role of technology in digital learning

You may also benefit from some topic inspirations in business. Here are some business-related research topics on google scholar ;

• Theories in outsourcing and the findings
• Business understaffing in today’s setting explained
• Are most businesses reluctant on technology?
• How can companies survive international competition?
• The value of educating the public on international investment
• How to transform a local business into an internationally recognized brand
• Economic problems that small local businesses incur

Here are some excellent google scholar nursing research topics you can rely on. While nursing is a broad topic, these are some of the best topics.

• The nursing adaptation in the digital era
• Health issues that immigrant women face
• How technology in nursing favors the maternal sector
• A look at the nurses vs. doctors relationship in the private sector
• Guidelines for promoting diversity in the nursing sector
• How can the nursing sector overcome vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women?
• New developments in childhood cancer treatment

Studying economics is exciting, until when it comes to writing research papers. Let’s look at excellent google scholar project topics in economics:

• How income changes influence consumer choices
• Is the cost of living likely to shift in two years?
• The influence of governance on economics
• A comparison of the impacts of labor force participation on the budget and economy
• The connections between salary levels and economic conflict in the United States
• An analysis of salary fluctuations in your country
• An exploration of the evolution of consumption in your country over the past ten years

Do you want to write a research paper in finance? Here are research paper google scholar research topics for your consideration:

• How can finance serve as a tool for regulating economies?
• The role of financial markets in the mobilization and dispersal of financial resources
• Financial challenges that third-world countries face
• Comparing finance utilization in the private and public sector
• Joint-stock companies and the financial challenges they encounter
• The financial function of social security in your country

Here are great title examples on psychology to give you an idea of what’s expected.

• Examining the concept of free will in the current society
• Finding an equilibrium between the conscious and unconscious mind
• The impact of bullying and harassment on mental well-being in adulthood
• How psychology is shaping the modern world
• How social phobias and anxiety influences psychological growth
• The impact of effective parenting on child development

Here are examples of top google scholar research topics in chemistry:

• The knowledge of chemistry and how it influences farmers
• Avoiding pesticides in agriculture
• How farmers should view GMO
• The role of sustainable elements in the chemical synthesis
• The function of organic chemical reactivity functioning
• The side effect chains of amino acids

Let’s look at some great google scholar – research topics in quantitative research:

• The link between mortality rates and the sex of individuals
• Effective ways to promote the acceptance of cancer screening processes
• Data-based analysis of mortality rates on kids below five.
• The impact of unhealthy workplaces on individuals’ mental health
• How to develop critical thinking
• How has education fueled the success of the technological sector?

Here are google scholar research topics in qualitative research:

• How long-term planning methods improve project management
• The best practices when dealing with time management and goal setting
• Guidelines for achieving affordable medical care in low-income societies
• An analysis of dealing with loss and the recovery process
• Is poor kids’ upbringing a contributor to bad performance in schools?
• How to establish eco-friendly facemasks

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The Impact of High Google Ranking on Your Research

April 10, 2024 | by amy o'brien , vp of customer success.

April 10, 2024 | by Amy O'Brien

Having your website appear on the first page of search results is the goal of every website owner.

Imagine standing on a digital podium, your research in the spotlight, seen by scholars around the world. That's the power of having an OpenScholar site that achieves high rankings in Google and other search engines.

Now imagine your work found not just through Google, but through a custom, unified search page specific to your institution. 

Having your website appear on the first page of search results is the goal of every website owner. This is also the goal of OpenScholar. For marketing and web design specialists, this means a focus on SEO (Search Engine Optimization), which is essentially taking steps to influence how well a site ranks. 

SEO is a combination of a platform’s functionality, the content you add to your site, and activities that drive traffic to it. The good news is that you don’t have to be a marketing or web design specialist to achieve this.

In this article, I’ll review some things within your control that increase the chances of your website being found through a Google search, and I’ll conclude with an exciting way OpenScholar is increasing the odds of your work being found through a new Research Dashboard.

How to appear in Google search results

SEO is a dynamic process, changing frequently based on how Google indexes sites and the criteria they use to push sites higher in results. Here are the things within your control that will influence rank:

• Keywords incorporated in your site content in a natural way– keyword stuffing is viewed as spam.
• Making sure you update links to your site, such as from your LinkedIn profile or your institution’s main page, and ensuring any content copied from an old site doesn’t contain internal links still pointing to old pages on an old site. 
• Using headings to structure your content in sections and making the topics easily scannable.
• An intuitive site navigation, such as an effective menu, and filter widgets on pages that contain a lot of information. You can add filters in OpenScholar by categorizing content and adding taxonomy widgets .
• Descriptive anchor links such as to a person’s profile or blog post. “ Read more about the research dashboard ” is a descriptive anchor link, as opposed to “ click here to read more about the research dashboard.”
• Backlinks, which are links posted on other sites or on social media that drive traffic back to your site. This is why it’s important to share anything new on social media, where someone else may view and share your post.
• A good site description on your home page and in the meta description area of your site. 
• New information, whether it’s recent publications, news and announcements, or blog posts. Outdated sites lose rank.

Increasing the odds of being found: The Research Dashboard

At OpenScholar, our motto is findable is fundable, therefore our goal is to continuously improve our product and services to help ensure your site can be found. A unified dashboard for your organization automatically narrows a person’s search.

The Research Dashboard increases the odds of the right person finding you at the right time. Because every site on OpenScholar is networked, key information such as recent publications and team members focused on specific research topics filter up to this page.

You may discover scholars in another department doing similar research to collaborate with. Members of the press, students, and funders can more easily find you, because the dashboard automatically narrows their search from millions of websites indexed by Google to only the OpenScholar sites at your organization. 

Many of our customers tell us that they resort to Google to find out what research is happening at their own university, because they lack a streamlined way to find research. The dashboard is a solution to this problem. 

A well-optimized website isn't just beneficial, it's an absolute game-changer. By having an OpenScholar site that provides detailed information about your work, practicing good SEO, and having a research dashboard, your work can be found and the fruits of your labor can gain the recognition they deserve. 

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