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Investigation of five different low-cost locally available isolation layer materials used in sliding base isolation systems

Reducing the lateral displacement of lead rubber bearing isolators under the near field earthquakes by crosswise dissipaters connected to rigid support structure.

The purpose of base isolation is to absorb earthquake energy, prolong the life of the structure, and enable the structure to be similar to a rigid body. However, since resonance can occur due to the closeness of the period of structures to the long period and large velocity pulses of the near field earthquakes, the stability of these buildings greatly reduces, and with the large displacement above isolation level, sometimes, tendency of overturning is created in isolators leading to their destruction. The main objective of this study is to significantly reduce the lateral displacement of base isolation subjected to near field earthquakes. In this research, seismic response calculation has been carried out for five steel moment frame structure with the 3, 5, 8, 11, and 14 stories in two states of with and without stiff core structure and energy dissipaters. The analyses has been done under fourteen scaled records of seven near-source and seven far-source earthquakes. It has been shown that the lateral displacement of base isolation system can be reduced by 87% for low-rise buildings, and 77% for high-rise buildings.

Field Test for a Base Isolation Structure on Condition of Horizontal and Initial Displacement

There are a few isolated structures that have been subjected to seismic testing. An isolated structure is incapable of tracking, adjusting, and controlling its dynamic characteristics. As a result, field evaluations of solitary structures’ dynamic characteristics are important. The horizontal initial displacement of a base isolation kindergarten made of 46 isolation bearings is 75 mm. The method for creating the horizontal initial displacement condition is illustrated, as are the primary test findings. Horizontal initial displacement is accomplished with the assistance of a reaction wall, rods, and hydraulic pump system. To begin, we removed the building using hydraulic jacks to produce horizontal displacement of the isolation layer and then attached rods to support the building. The rods were then shot and unloaded, causing the building to shake freely, and its dynamic response and other parameters were tested. The results indicate that the natural vibration period of an isolated structure is much greater than the natural vibration period of a seismic structure. The isolation layer’s hysteretic curve as completely filled; upon unloading, the isolation layer as promptly reset; the dynamic response control effect of each was visible, but the top floor’s acceleration was magnified by approximately 1.27 times.

Evaluation of the Limit State of a Six-Inch Carbon Steel Pipe Elbow in Base-Isolated Nuclear Power Plants

The installation of base isolation systems in nuclear power plants can improve their safety from seismic loads. However, nuclear power plants with base isolation systems experience greater displacement as they handle seismic loads. The increase in relative displacement is caused by the installed base isolation systems, which increase the seismic risk of the interface piping system. It was found that the failure mode of the interface piping system was low-cycle fatigue failure accompanied by ratcheting, and the fittings (elbows and tees) failed due to the concentration of nonlinear behavior. Therefore, in this study, the limit state was defined as leakage, and an in-plane cyclic loading test was conducted in order to quantitatively express the failure criteria for the SCH40 6-inch carbon steel pipe elbow due to low-cycle fatigue failure. The leakage line and low-cycle fatigue curves of the SCH40 6-inch carbon steel pipe elbow were presented based on the test results. In addition, the limit state was quantitatively expressed using the damage index, based on the combination of ductility and energy dissipation. The average values of the damage index for the 6-inch pipe elbow calculated using the force−displacement (P–D) and moment−relative deformation angle (M–R) relationships were found to be 10.91 and 11.27, respectively.

Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings with double concave friction pendulum base isolation system: case study of design by Indonesian code

Development and application of a new base isolation system in low-rise buildings, investigation of one dimensional multi-layer periodic unit cell for structural base isolation, lifetime risk-based seismic performance assessment of buildings equipped with supplemental damping and base isolation systems under probable mainshock-aftershock scenarios, seismic response reduction of high rise steel-concrete composite buildings equipped with base isolation system, a hybrid mre isolation system integrated with ball-screw inerter for vibration control.

Abstract Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), as a field-dependent smart material, has been widely applied on base isolation for vibration reduction. However, the MRE isolation system often experiences large drift during strong earthquake, which may cause mechanical failure. Additionally, its performance among low frequency range is still limited. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid vibration isolation system which is composed of four stiffness softening MRE isolators and a passive ball-screw inerter. A simulation was developed to prove the effectiveness of the hybrid isolation system before the earthquake tests. A scaled three-storey building was developed based on the scaling laws as the isolated objective in earthquake experiments. Besides, a linear quadratic regulation (LQR) controller was utilised to control the mechanical properties of the hybrid MRE isolation system. Finally, the evaluation experiments of the building under a scaled Kobe earthquake excitation were conducted. The experimental results show that the simulation and the experimental results were in agreement, validating that the hybrid isolation system could provide a better vibration mitigation performance, in the meanwhile, reduce the displacement amplitude of the isolation system.

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Design of Base Isolation System for Buildings

2018, Advances in Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering

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Jurnal Teknologi

Azrul Mutalib

eSAT Journals

Base isolation is a mechanism that provides earthquake resistance to the new structure. The base isolation system decouples the building from the horizontal ground motion induced by earthquake, and offers very stiff vertical components to the base level of the superstructure in connection to substructure (foundation). It shifts the fundamental lateral period, dissipates the energy in damping, and reduces the amount of the lateral forces that transferred to the building, inter-story drift, and the floor acceleration. The work deals with modelling and finite element analysis of a high damping rubber bearing in ANSYS 12.0. A displacement controlled transient analysis was done to analyse the behaviour of the isolator during earthquakes.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)

IJERT Journal

https://www.ijert.org/behaviour-of-building-under-earthquake-with-or-without-base-isolation-by-varying-thickness-of-lead-rubber-bearing https://www.ijert.org/research/behaviour-of-building-under-earthquake-with-or-without-base-isolation-by-varying-thickness-of-lead-rubber-bearing-IJERTV10IS080052.pdf A base-isolated building may sometimes show signs of an undesirable large response to long-duration, longperiod earthquake ground motion and an connected building system without base-isolation may show a large response to a near-fault earthquake ground action. The installation of base isolation in building at base level significantly increases the time period of the structure, this means it reduces the possibility of resonance of the building giving rise to well seismic performance of the building. The research study is performed to compare the effectiveness of base Isolation in plan unbalanced and vertical multi-storied RC frame building. For this research study, number of Storied RC frame building is well thought-out and time times gone by analysis is conceded out using ETABS Software. The lead rubber bearing is designed as per IS code and the same was used for psychotherapy of base isolation system. The outcomes obtained from the analytical analysis were time period, base reaction, story drift and story acceleration. Time period for the base isolated buildings are higher than that of the permanent base building. Due to the existence of base isolation, base shear is significantly Reduced in each direction (x and y direction) as compared to fixed base structure. It has been found that when related to plan base isolated structure gives better performance in high Seismic prone zone by using isolators at the base of the building.

Manoj Deosarkar

In past few years, passive control mechanisms including base isolation systems are gaining large attention as mean to protect structures against seismic hazard. The effectiveness of an isolation system depends upon the dynamic characteristics of earthquake ground motion and the building superstructure. The base isolation system separates the structure from its foundation and primarily moves the natural frequency of the structure away from the dominant frequency range of the excitation via its low stiffness relative to that upper structure. In order to verify the effect of base isolation system, the structure is presented as symmetrical building in which the seismic responses of the 'fixed-base' and 'base-isolated' conditions have been compared using a well-known computer program SAP2000 version 14. The aim of this study is to reduce the base shear, story drifts and story acceleration due to earthquake ground excitation, applied to the superstructure of the building by installing base isolation devices at the foundation level and then to compare the different performances between the fixed base condition and base-isolated condition of symmetrical building. The high damping rubber isolation system has been used at the foundation level. Non linear time history analysis has been performed on El-Centro earthquake. Comparing the results of the base -isolated condition with those obtained from the fixed-base condition has shown that the base isolation system reduces the base shear force, story drifts and storey acceleration, also increasing the storey displacement and time period.

Rahul Tagad

Hospital buildings are of great importance after any natural calamity such as earthquake. The structural and non-structural components should remain operational and safe after earthquake. So to mitigate the effect of earthquake on the structure the base isolation technique is the best alternative as a seismic protective system. The basic idea of base isolation system is to reduce the earthquake induced inertia forces by increasing the fundamental period of the structure. The aim of this study is the use of High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB), Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum System (FPS) as an isolation device and then to compare various parameters between fixed base condition and base isolated condition by using ETAB software. In this study the (G+5) storey hospital building is used as a test model. Analytical result obtained natural period, horizontal by acceleration and total lateral forces or seismic base shear for fixed base building using IS 1893:2002 (Part-I).

Anis Shatnawi

1st International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences

Ahmet Hilmi DERİNGÖL

In this study, the seismic behaviour of the base isolated frames was investigated comparatively through nonlinear time history analysis. For this, two-dimensional five-storey and three-bay steel moment frames equipped with lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolators were used. The force-deformation behaviour of the isolators was modelled by the bi-linear behaviour which could reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the lead-plug bearings and effectively used to model all isolation systems. In the design of LRB, two main parameters, namely, isolation period (T) and ratio of strength to weight (Q/W) supported by isolators were considered as 2.0, 2.5 and 3 s, 0.04, 0.07 and 0.10, respectively. The fixed base and base isolated frames were modelled using a finite element program. In the analysis, three different natural ground motions were employed. The performance of the case study structures were measured by the variation of roof displacement, relative displacement, interstorey drift and hysteretic curve.

Engineering Structures

Andrea Mordini

IJLTEM Journal

Base isolation is a mechanism that provides earthquake resistance to the new structure. The base isolation n system decouples the building from the horizontal ground motion induced by earthquake, and offers very stiff vertical components to the base level of the superstructure in connection to substructure (foundation). It shifts the fundamental lateral period, dissipates the energy in damping , and reduces the amount of the lateral forces that transferred to the building, inter story drift, and the floor acceleration. The work deals with modeling and finite element analysis of a high damping rubber bearing displacement controlled transient analysis was done to analyses the behavior of the isolator during earthquakes

IIUM Engineering Journal

Dr. CEng. A. B. M. Saiful Islam

Adopting suitable seismic protection techniques is presently a foremost concern worldwide and has become a governing principle in the growing construction industry globally. Thus, a rapid upsurge in infrastructure development in seismic-prone areas requires proper treatment for building structures. Therefore, the aim of the study is to incorporate a rubber bearing isolation device in a building base in order to diminish the seismic effect on the superstructure. The changes of structural parameters and responses of fixed-based buildings for applying High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB) are investigated under site-specific ground excitation. Twenty representative buildings have been used to examine the responses employing four types of HDRB systems. The study reveals that the HDRB makes the structure more flexible, offering reduced structural responses. The introduction of HDRB may help to decrease floor moment by 31~55%, which can allow the structures to withstand comparatively high se...

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A New Model for Studying Social Isolation and Health in People with Serious Mental Illnesses

Researchers have developed a promising new framework for studying the link between social disconnection and poor physical health in people living with serious mental illnesses (SMI). Drawing on published research from animal models and data from the general population, this framework builds on existing social isolation and loneliness models by integrating insights from evolutionary and cognitive theories. This research was supported by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research and the National Institute of Mental Health.

What were the researchers studying and why?

One of the most challenging aspects of living with SMI is difficulties with social perception, motivation, and social behaviors. These difficulties can lead to social withdrawal and loneliness, outcomes that can contribute to poor heart health and early death. However, researchers have an incomplete understanding of how differences in the brain functions in people living with SMIs impact the connection between their social perception and self-reported, lived experience of social withdrawal, isolation, or loneliness.

How did the researchers conduct the study?

Researchers from Boston University and Harvard Medical School conducted a selective narrative review of studies addressing social withdrawal, isolation, loneliness, and health in SMI.

Their review highlighted evidence indicating differences in brain activity between people experiencing loneliness and those who are not, particularly in regions associated with social cognitive processes. Additionally, neuroimaging studies have shown increased activation in brain areas responsible for risk assessment among lonely individuals.

Furthermore, the researchers discussed findings suggesting that individuals experiencing loneliness, who perceive others negatively and exhibit signs of psychopathology, may misinterpret social cues, leading to social disconnection. Over time, this social disconnection can prompt a defensive response to social situations, further reducing motivation for social interaction.

What did the study results show?

Based on a synthesis of recent findings that indicate a causal relationship between loneliness and nervous system responses in the human body that cause inflammation and reduce immunity, the authors developed a testable model of the psychological and neural mechanisms of social disconnection in SMI. They hypothesize that people living with SMI are more likely to experience high levels of chronic psychological stress and therefore, more likely to experience persistently high levels of physiological inflammation. Stress and inflammation biomarkers can serve as indicators of an unmet need for social connection. Health providers and caregivers could use these indicators to provide social support and connection to those experiencing this need.

What is the potential impact of these findings?

The authors suggest that once their hypothesis has been rigorously tested and verified, new methods to improve health outcomes for people living with SMI may be developed, including potential “just-in-time” digital interventions through mobile devices. The authors also suggest that people living with SMI and experiencing loneliness can receive interventions that address any potential negative beliefs they hold about rejection, thus interrupting the cycle of social isolation.

Citation: Fulford D, Holt DJ. Social Withdrawal, Loneliness, and Health in Schizophrenia: Psychological and Neural Mechanisms . Schizophr Bull. 2023 Sep 7;49(5):1138-1149. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbad099. PMID: 37419082; PMCID: PMC10483452.

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Innovative Geotechnical Solutions for Base Isolation of Buildings

• Original Paper
• Published: 30 August 2023
• Volume 54 , pages 3–39, ( 2024 )

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• A. Boominathan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-4432 1  

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In the present study, a geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) bed, composed of geosynthetic-reinforced sand–rubber tire shred mixture layer between the base of the building foundation and the supporting soil medium, is considered to mitigate ground vibrations. The index and engineering properties including dynamic properties of sand–rubber tire shred mixtures are carried out to assess their suitability for seismic base isolation of buildings. In addition to that, the liquefaction resistance of sand rubber mixtures is also evaluated. Further, laboratory-based model experiments and Finite Element (FE) modeling was carried out for footing resting on geogrid-reinforced GSI layer under static loading. Further, 2D seismic response of a typical building on GSI was also carried out using finite element code ABAQUS. Finally, results of a series of field experiments conducted to study the response of model footing resting on the geogrid-reinforced GSI bed subjected to horizontal ground vibration are presented. Further, a 3D finite element (FE) model of the field study was developed in the time-domain to simulate and investigate the response of geogrid-reinforced GSI bed on a multi-layered soil system for different surface wave characteristics. In general, it was found that GSI with geogrid reinforcement is found to be effective in the mitigation of ground vibrations due to earthquakes and other source of vibration.

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An eco-sustainable innovative geotechnical technology for the structures seismic isolation, investigated by FEM parametric analyses

Shaking table experiments on framed structure resting on geogrid reinforced geotechnical seismic isolation system

Seismic response analysis of RC framed buildings on geo-reinforced soil

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Acknowledgements

The author extends warm gratitude to Prof. Subhadeep Banerjee, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, who played an active role in the above project team and significantly contributed to its successful completion. Dr. J.S. Dhanya, Eurasian National University, deserves special recognition for her valuable contributions to the study and her assistance in preparing and formatting the paper. The untiring and intense efforts of all my Ph.D. students, particularly Dr. B.R. Madhusudhan and Mr. Senthen Amuthan, contributing to the above research in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering are deeply appreciated. Er. I.V. Anirudhan from M/s. Geotechnical Solutions of Chennai provided invaluable inputs for the preparation of this paper. Gratitude is also expressed toward the funding agencies, with a special mention to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, for their financial support through the project funding MoES/P.O.(Seismo)/1(248)/2014]. The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board played a vital role in facilitating the field test program at their construction site. Technical assistance provided by Mr. Murali, Mr. Aravind Raj, and Mr. Ganesh, the technical staff of IIT Madras during the field testing phase, is greatly acknowledged. The author extends heartfelt gratitude to IGS National body and the selection committee members for their valuable decision in selecting me to deliver the IGS annual lecture in 2022. Gratitude is also extended to the IGS Kochi Chapter for their efforts in producing and distributing the lecture in booklet form to the delegates of the IGC 2022 conference.

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Boominathan, A. Innovative Geotechnical Solutions for Base Isolation of Buildings. Indian Geotech J 54 , 3–39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00771-y

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Received : 23 June 2023

Accepted : 08 August 2023

Published : 30 August 2023

Issue Date : February 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00771-y

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