illustration in an essay

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Learn the step-by-step process to write an effective and captivating illustration essay that engages readers and showcases your analytical and critical thinking skills.

Exploring the vast realm of writing is akin to embarking on a captivating journey through the realm of ideas, thoughts, and knowledge accumulation. One of the most intriguing genres that allows individuals to express their creativity and analytical skills is the illustration essay. This unique form of writing serves as a powerful tool enabling authors to convey complex concepts in a clear and engaging manner. By utilizing varied examples, anecdotes, and visuals, writers are granted the opportunity to illuminate their perspectives on a multitude of subjects, ranging from art and literature to science and social issues.

In order to create an effective illustration essay, authors should take into account several key recommendations. Firstly, it is vital to select compelling and relevant illustrations that will serve as the backbone of the entire composition. These examples should be carefully chosen to emphasize the core message of the essay while capturing the attention of the readers. Allowing the audience to easily grasp the main arguments and ideas will result in a more enjoyable and enlightening reading experience.

Secondly, the structure of an illustration essay should be meticulously crafted to ensure the seamless flow of ideas and concepts. By employing a logical and coherent structure, writers can lead their readers through a thought-provoking journey. The essay should start with a strong and attention-grabbing introduction that presents the topic and establishes the purpose of the composition. Subsequently, each paragraph should be dedicated to a single illustration, supported by relevant evidence and presented in a clear and concise manner.

Choose a Focused and Specific Topic

When writing an illustration essay, it is important to choose a topic that is focused and specific. This means selecting a subject that is narrow enough to be effectively explored within the constraints of the essay, while also being broad enough to provide ample examples and evidence.

By choosing a focused and specific topic, you will be able to delve deeper into your subject matter and provide a more comprehensive analysis. This will not only make your essay more engaging to readers, but it will also allow you to showcase your knowledge and understanding of the topic.

When selecting a topic, consider your own interests and expertise. Choose a subject that you are passionate about and have a good understanding of, as this will make the writing process more enjoyable and productive. Additionally, consider the availability of examples and evidence that can support your arguments and illustrate your main points.

In conclusion, when writing an illustration essay, it is crucial to choose a focused and specific topic that allows for a comprehensive analysis and engages readers. By selecting a subject that aligns with your interests and expertise, you will be able to create a more impactful and effective essay.

Gather Sufficient Evidence and Examples

When writing an illustration essay, it is crucial to gather ample evidence and examples to support your ideas and strengthen your arguments. By providing convincing evidence and relevant examples, you can effectively illustrate your point and make your essay more persuasive.

One way to gather evidence is through thorough research. Take the time to immerse yourself in reputable sources such as books, academic journals, and credible websites. Look for information that directly relates to your topic and supports your main idea. The more evidence you gather, the stronger your essay will be.

In addition to gathering evidence, it is important to provide examples that illustrate your points. Examples can come in various forms such as statistics, personal anecdotes, or case studies. These examples should be specific, relevant, and clearly demonstrate the concepts you are trying to convey. By using a range of examples, you can appeal to different types of readers and make your essay more engaging.

When gathering evidence and examples, it is also crucial to consider opposing viewpoints. By addressing counterarguments and presenting opposing evidence, you can strengthen your own argument. This shows that you have thoroughly considered different perspectives and have come to a well-rounded conclusion. Additionally, addressing counterarguments can help you anticipate any potential objections from your audience and address them proactively.

In conclusion, gathering sufficient evidence and examples is essential for writing an effective illustration essay. By thoroughly researching your topic, providing relevant examples, and considering opposing viewpoints, you can create a well-supported and persuasive essay that effectively illustrates your ideas.

Use Clear and Concise Language

In order to effectively convey your message in an illustration essay, it is crucial to utilize clear and concise language. By choosing your words carefully and avoiding unnecessary jargon or complicated terms, you can ensure that your readers will understand your ideas easily. This clarity and conciseness will enhance the overall readability of your essay and enable your audience to follow your thoughts and arguments effortlessly.

When writing an illustration essay, it is important to remember that your goal is to illuminate a specific topic or concept. Clarity in language helps you achieve this by ensuring that your readers can grasp your intended meaning without any confusion or ambiguity. Using precise and straightforward language also helps you maintain the reader’s interest, as they can quickly and easily comprehend your ideas.

Additionally, concise language helps you make the most of your limited word count. By choosing your words carefully and removing any unnecessary fluff or repetition, you can maintain the reader’s attention and avoid overwhelming them with extraneous information. Conciseness allows you to present your arguments in a succinct and impactful manner, enhancing the overall effectiveness of your essay.

Furthermore, clear and concise language demonstrates your command of the topic and helps establish your credibility as a writer. When you are able to express complex ideas in a simple and straightforward manner, your readers will trust in your knowledge and expertise. It also shows that you have taken the time to carefully consider your words and communicate your ideas effectively.

In conclusion, using clear and concise language is essential in writing an effective illustration essay. By choosing your words carefully and avoiding unnecessary complexities, you can ensure that your readers understand your ideas easily and remain engaged throughout your essay. Clear and concise language enhances the overall readability and impact of your work, while also showcasing your command of the topic and establishing your credibility as a writer.

Structure Your Essay Properly

Developing a well-structured essay is crucial for effectively conveying your ideas and supporting them with relevant examples. A solid essay structure ensures that your readers can easily follow your arguments and understand the points you are trying to make. In this section, we will explore some essential tips to help you structure your illustration essay in a clear and organized manner.

One of the key elements of a well-structured essay is a strong introduction. The introduction sets the stage for your essay and should capture the reader’s attention, provide some background information on the topic, and present a clear thesis statement. The thesis statement should concisely state the main point you will be arguing throughout the essay.

After the introduction, you should organize your essay body into logical paragraphs. Each paragraph should focus on a specific subtopic or supporting point related to your thesis. It is important to present evidence, facts, and examples in each paragraph to support your arguments. Use transitional words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs and to guide your readers through your essay.

In addition to organizing your paragraphs, consider using a visual aid such as a table to present data or statistics if applicable to your essay topic. Tables can effectively summarize information and make it easier for readers to grasp complex concepts or compare different pieces of data. Be sure to provide a clear explanation of the table and its relevance in the text.

Finally, your essay should conclude with a strong and concise conclusion. The conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a way that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead focus on reinforcing your main argument and leaving the reader with a sense of closure.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your illustration essay is well-structured and effectively conveys your ideas. Remember to always revise and edit your essay for clarity and coherence, paying attention to sentence structure, grammar, and punctuation. A well-structured essay not only demonstrates your writing skills but also increases the chances of your argument reaching your target audience.

Provide Relevant and Interesting Examples

When it comes to crafting an effective illustration essay, one key element is the use of relevant and interesting examples. Examples help to clarify and support the main points of your essay, making it easier for readers to understand and relate to your ideas. Additionally, by providing examples that are both relevant and interesting, you can engage your audience and keep them interested in your essay.

Relevant examples are those that directly relate to the topic or main point you are trying to convey. They should be specific and applicable to the subject matter, providing concrete evidence to support your arguments. By using relevant examples, you can strengthen your essay and make it more persuasive and convincing.

However, it is not enough for an example to be relevant; it should also be interesting. Interesting examples capture the attention of your readers and make them want to continue reading. They can be personal anecdotes, historical events, or even current news stories that help to illustrate your point in a captivating way. By incorporating interesting examples into your essay, you can make it more engaging and memorable.

When selecting examples for your essay, it is important to consider the diversity of your examples. Using a variety of examples can help to make your essay more comprehensive and well-rounded. You can include examples from different time periods, different cultures, and different fields of study to provide a broader perspective on your topic. This not only adds depth to your essay but also shows that you have done thorough research and considered different angles.

In conclusion, providing relevant and interesting examples is essential for writing a compelling illustration essay. By using examples that directly relate to your topic and are captivating to your readers, you can effectively support your main points and engage your audience. Remember to also incorporate a diverse range of examples to add depth and demonstrate your understanding of the topic. With these tips in mind, you can create an impactful and persuasive illustration essay.

Use Strong Transitions and Cohesion

A key aspect of creating a compelling illustration essay is the use of strong transitions and cohesion throughout the text. By employing well-crafted transitions and maintaining a cohesive structure, the writer can guide the reader seamlessly from one point to another, ensuring a smooth and logical flow of ideas.

Transitions play a vital role in connecting different paragraphs and ideas within an illustration essay. They act as bridges, helping to propel the reader from one thought or example to the next. Without strong transitions, the essay may feel disjointed and difficult to follow. To prevent this, writers should employ a variety of transition words and phrases, such as “furthermore,” “on the other hand,” “in addition to,” and “similarly.” These transitional expressions provide a clear and concise link between ideas, allowing the reader to easily grasp the intended meaning.

In addition to using transitions, cohesive writing is crucial in an illustration essay. Cohesion refers to the overall sense of unity and coherence within a piece of writing. It is achieved by ensuring that each paragraph and sentence flows logically from the previous one, creating a seamless progression of ideas. One way to enhance cohesion is through the use of repetition and parallel structure. By repeating key words or phrases, or by structuring sentences in a similar manner, the writer can establish a sense of continuity and reinforce the main points of the essay.

Moreover, the use of cohesive devices, such as pronouns and transitional words, can help to establish a strong connection between ideas. For example, the writer can use pronouns like “it” and “they” to refer back to previously mentioned concepts, creating a sense of familiarity and emphasizing the continuity of thought. Likewise, transitional words like “thus,” “consequently,” and “therefore” can highlight the cause-and-effect relationship between different ideas, further enhancing the cohesion of the essay.

In conclusion, incorporating strong transitions and cohesion is essential for writing an effective illustration essay. By carefully selecting and utilizing appropriate transitional words and phrases, as well as maintaining a cohesive structure throughout the essay, the writer can ensure that the reader understands and appreciates the connections between different ideas and examples. Ultimately, this will lead to a more compelling and engaging essay that effectively illustrates the chosen topic.

Revise and Edit for Clarity and Coherence

Ensure that your illustration essay is clear and coherent by thoroughly revising and editing your work. By revising, you can refine your ideas and ensure that your essay flows smoothly. Editing, on the other hand, focuses on correcting grammar and spelling errors to enhance the overall quality of your writing.

To revise your essay effectively, start by reading through it carefully and critically. Look for areas that may be confusing or need further clarification. Make sure that your ideas are presented in a logical and organized manner. Consider the flow of your essay and make necessary changes to improve its coherence.

When editing your essay, pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Use a spell-check tool to identify and correct any mistakes. Be sure to also check for proper sentence structure and word usage. Consider the overall tone of your essay and make adjustments as needed to maintain a consistent voice throughout.

Additionally, it can be helpful to seek feedback from others. Ask a friend, classmate, or instructor to review your essay and provide constructive criticism. They can help identify areas that may not be clear to the reader and offer suggestions for improvement.

Remember, the goal of revising and editing is to ensure that your essay is easy to understand and presents your ideas in a cohesive manner. Take the time to carefully review your work, making necessary revisions and edits to enhance its clarity and coherence.

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How to Write an Illustration Essay: Quick and Easy Guide

How to Write an Illustration Essay: All You Need to Know

Creating an illustrative essay entails more than simply sketching a few beautiful images, even though some might believe that they are easy because they can incorporate drawings into the writing. To excel in this type of work and enhance the visual appeal of your piece, it demands both time and a solid comprehension of the subject matter.

Students can master this academic writing style by consulting guides and examples. So, to acquire comprehensive guidance on crafting an exceptional illustration essay from beginning to end, check out our article to discover the definition, suggested themes, and guidelines for creating an uncontested paper from beginning to end.

Illustration Essay Definition

To give you a clear idea of your first potential question on the concept of - what is an illustration essay - here is a simple definition from our essay writing service : Illustration papers serve as a form of written composition employed to present instances or examples of a particular concept or idea. These essays commonly incorporate visuals and other illustrations to aid in explaining the discussed concept.

Similar to other essay types, this paper typically commences with a thesis statement that establishes the main overarching theme of the work and provides a preview of what readers can expect. Subsequently, a series of examples are presented throughout the essay to support the thesis statement. While illustrative elements can be found in other types of essays, such as argumentative essays, this type of work must avoid presenting claims or personal opinions.

How to Write an Illustration Essay: Steps To Begin

Let's take a journey together with our essay writer to learn how to start writing your paper. By following these steps, you'll be able to bring your illustration essay ideas to life and make a strong impact on your readers.

Step 1: Select a Topic

If you are given the freedom to choose your illustration essay topics, take full advantage of it. Consider selecting a subject you are passionate about, so you will be motivated to explore it further, and the writing process will not feel burdensome.

Step 2. Research

Embrace research as your closest companion. When embarking on your work, refrain from diving into writing before gathering ample material. It is crucial to locate credible sources from which you can extract relevant information. Platforms such as Oxford Academic and Google Scholar prove excellent for conducting your research.

Step 3. Write an Outline

While some students argue that creating an outline is a futile task, it actually serves as a valuable step. When constructing your outline, be sure to incorporate the following components:

• Introductory paragraph: Introduce the topic, provide background information, clarify the significance and relevance of the topic, and present a strong thesis statement.
• Body paragraphs: Present your ideas in a logical and organized manner. Dedicate each paragraph with a topic sentence to discuss a single idea, utilize transitional devices to enhance the flow between paragraphs, and strive for paragraph coherence.
• Conclusion: Restate the thesis statement, summarize the main ideas discussed in the body paragraphs, and provide a concluding statement that wraps up the entire paper.

Step 4. Write Your Ideas

Having completed the necessary steps thus far, crafting an outstanding essay should pose no difficulty. Simply transform your main ideas into concise paragraphs and bolster each one with the appropriate supporting evidence.

Step 5. Review

After completing your essay, it is essential to give it a thorough editing. Take the time to read through it once or twice to identify any grammatical, structural, or contextual errors. Additionally, ensure that your essay is free from any instances of plagiarism.

Step 6. Enjoy Your Perfect Essay

By considering the aforementioned steps, you should now be able to appreciate your perfectly completed essay. Keep in mind that the writing process can be painless when you follow our expert tips (more to come below!), leading to a flawless outcome.

Why Write Illustration Essay: Purpose and Importance 

The primary objective of illustration essays is to facilitate readers in comprehending a concept or argument with clarity by presenting tangible and illustrative examples and evidence. The examples utilized in this type of paper should be pertinent, vibrant, and precise, enabling readers to understand and visualize the topic being discussed.

Illustrative writing can prove advantageous for both the writer and the readers. On the one hand, this type of assignment enhances a student's creativity and comprehensive abilities. On the other hand, it stimulates the reader's imagination as they are required to mentally construct a visual representation.

If you find yourself uncertain about how to start an illustration essay, one approach is to delve into your personal experiences that are relevant to the topic or subject matter. Reflect on real-life examples or incidents that can effectively illustrate the concept you intend to discuss. By drawing from your own experiences, you can provide authentic and relatable illustrations for your essay.

Main Tips For Writing

If you are still unsure about how to write an illustration essay and need additional tips, you've come to the right place! Make the most of the advice provided below.

Collect Evidence - When embarking on your academic essay , refrain from diving into writing before gathering ample material. This type of writing necessitates the inclusion of numerous examples, so acquire a multitude of firsthand examples from professional writers.

Be Concise - Aim for precise and focused illustrations, steering clear of unnecessary elaboration or lengthy descriptions. Keep your examples concise while ensuring they retain clarity and effectiveness.

Provide Concrete Instances - Opt for specific illustration essay examples that vividly depict your points. The inclusion of specific details enhances the clarity and impact of your illustrations, making them more relatable and captivating to readers.

Rely on Reliable Sources - Make use of trustworthy and credible sources when gathering examples and evidence. This approach bolsters the credibility and reliability of your essay. Consider referencing scholarly articles, academic books, reliable websites, or expert opinions to reinforce your arguments.

Ensure Clear Expression - Ensure the clarity and comprehensibility of your illustrations. Avoid ambiguity or confusion by offering ample context and explanation. Take the time to review your essay, ensuring that your examples effectively convey the intended message and provide support for your thesis statement.

Topics for Illustration Essay: Choose The Best One

Presented below are a collection of ideas to ignite your creativity when writing an illustration essay. Feel free to explore and adapt them according to your personal interests and the specific guidelines of your assignment.

• Student Life:

a. The Challenges and Benefits of Balancing Academics and Extracurricular Activities

b. The Impact of Peer Pressure on College Students' Decision-Making

• Personal Development:

a. The Role of Traveling in Broadening a College Student's Perspective

b. The Benefits of Mindfulness and Meditation for Stress Reduction in College Life

• Social Relationships:

a. The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal Communication Skills

b. The Importance of Developing Healthy Boundaries in Friendships and Relationships

• Career and Future Planning:

a. Exploring Alternative Career Paths: Non-Traditional Options for College Graduates

b. The Significance of Internships in Gaining Practical Experience and Building Professional Networks

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Illustration Essay Examples

Exploring our collection of expertly crafted illustration paper examples offers a valuable opportunity to delve deeper into the intricacies of this writing style. Utilize the vivid examples below as a point of reference as you refine your own writing skills.

We also recommend taking a look at our comprehensive guide on a narrative essay , complete with examples.

To wrap up, by thoughtfully selecting enthralling examples, conducting meticulous research, and skillfully presenting them with clarity, your illustration essay has the potential to transform into a captivating masterpiece. Allow your imagination to roam free, infuse your prose with the enchantment of visual storytelling, and embark on an extraordinary odyssey where ideas flourish, and comprehension deepens.

And if you still find it challenging, buy essay from our creative writers who will infuse vitality into your essay through illustrations that invigorate, leaving readers uplifted, enlightened, and yearning for more!

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Related Articles

Illustration Essays: Definitions, Templates and Examples

I’m a university professor, and in this article, I’m going to show you exactly how to write an illustration essay.

1. What is an Illustration Essay?

An Illustration Essay is an essay designed to describe and explain with examples. You will be required to use examples to reveal details about the subject you are discussing.

In many ways, it is the easiest form of essay because you don’t have to come up with a thesis or argue a point. All you need to do is explain with descriptions and examples (or ‘illustrate’) a subject or phenomenon.

Much like when someone draws a picture to show you what something looks like, an illustrative essay uses words to show what something is.

Related Article: 141+ Illustration Essay Topics

2. Difference between Illustrative and Argumentative Essays

You can see that in many ways, an illustrative essay should be easier than an argumentative essay . You can put all your efforts into your explanations and examples.

Aim to create a coherent picture in the reader’s mind about the topic you’re discussing.

3. Definition of ‘Illustrate’

Here are a few definitions of ‘illustrate’:

• Oxford Dictionary says that to Illustrate is to “Explain or make (something) clear by using examples, charts, pictures, etc.”
• MacMillan Dictionary provides this nice, simple explanation: “to show what something is like.”

Let’s now put the term into a few sentences to help clarify it for you just a little more:

• The newspaper article illustrates how the dinosaurs became extinct.
• The story of Abraham Lincoln provides a clear illustration of his life achievements.
• My father’s explanation of how to change oil in a car illustrated the process sufficiently.

Synonyms for ‘Illustrate’

Illustrate may also be interchangeably used with words like:

• Give Detail

4. How to write an Illustration Essay

Here’s how to write an illustration essay:

2.1 How to write your Introduction

The introduction is much like any other in an essay, and therefore I suggest you use the usual I.N.T.R.O formula .

This formula is a way of writing a 5-sentence introduction that orients the reader to the topic. Here’s how it works. Each of the following points forms one sentence of your introduction:

• Inform: Inform the reader of the topic.
• Notify: Notify the reader of one piece of interesting background information about the topic.
• Translate: Translate or paraphrase the essay question.
• Report: Report on your position or argument (This step can be skipped as you will often not need to make an argument)
• Outline: Outline the essay structure. You can use ‘Firstly, secondly, thirdly’ here.

2.2 An example introduction for an illustration essay

This example is for an illustration essay on the topic: Illustrate the various ways young people use social media in their everyday lives.

“Social media has many impacts on young people. Social media is quite new, with the most famous social media site Facebook only being introduced to the world in 2004. This illustrative essay will explain and provide examples of the many ways young people engage with social media every day. The essay will begin with an explanation of what social media is, followed by several illustrative points with examples to give details about what new media is and how it has changed young people’s lives.”

2.3 How to write an illustration paragraph (body paragraph)

Paragraphs in the body of an illustration essay have two purposes:

• Describe and Define: You need to clearly describe and define your subject to the reader. The reader should be left with the impression that you have a deep knowledge of the topic.
• Explain and Exemplify: You need to provide many examples to illustrate your points.

I recommend that you do this in order. Your first few paragraphs should describe and define the subject. Your following paragraphs should give a lot of quality examples.

2.4 Examples of illustrative paragraphs

I’ll keep using the example topic: Illustrate the various ways young people use social media in their everyday lives.

Example of a Describe and Define Paragraph:

“Social media is a form of media that emerged during the Web 2.0 era of the internet. It is unique because it gives people the ability of people to create personal profiles and communicate back-and-forth with one another. It is generally known to have emerged in the early 2000s with websites like MySpace and Facebook, and has changed recently to be heavily mobile responsive with the emergence of smartphones in the 2010s.”

Example of an Explain and Exemplify Paragraph:

“One unique consequence of social media is that it has meant young people are in constant contact with their friends. Whereas in the past young people would have to hang out in person to be in contact, now they can message each other from their homes. For example, young people get home from school and can log into their web forums like Facebook messenger. From here, they can stay in touch and chat about issues that happened at school. While this may be enjoyable, some people also believe that it means young people can continue to be bullied even from within their own bedrooms.”

2.5 How to write a Conclusion for an Illustration Essay

To conclude your illustrative essay, feel free to use the normal conclusion paragraph style. My preferred template for a conclusion is the 5 Cs Conclusion method .

Here’s a brief summary of the 5 Cs Conclusion method. Like the INTRO method, you can write one sentence per point for a 5 sentence conclusion paragraph:

• Close the loop: Refer to a statement you made in your introduction to tie the beginning and end together.
• Conclude: Show your final conclusion on the issue. As this is an illustrative essay that generally does not require a unique thesis statement, this step can be blended with ‘Clarify’.
• Clarify: Show how you have answered the essay question
• Concern: Show who would be concerned about the issue.
• Consequences: Show what the consequences of the issue are for real life.

Read Also: 39 Better Ways to Write ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay

2.6 Example Conclusion for an Illustrative Essay

Here’s an example conclusion for an illustrative essay on the topic: Illustrate the various ways young people use social media in their everyday lives.

“The beginning of this essay pointed out that social media is quite a new phenomenon. Nonetheless, it appears to have had a significant impact on young people’s everyday lives. This essay has illustrated this fact with examples including points on how many young people use social media at home every night, how it has impact how bullying occurs, and helped them to stay in touch with friends who live long ways away. Parents and teachers should be concerned with this issue in order to help children know when to switch off social media or use it responsibly. Social media is not going anywhere and will continue to impact the ways young people interact with one another on a daily basis.”

5. A Template Just for You

6. illustration essay topic ideas.

I’ve provided a full list of over 120 illustration essay topics you can choose form on this post here .

For a summary of 5 of my favorites, see below:

• Provide an illustration of the lifestyle of American Pilgrims in the first few years of settlement. You can dig deep in this example by giving explanations of the farming practices, initial struggles faced, and the complex relationships between colonizers and Indigenous peoples.
• Provide an illustration of the factory line production model and how it changed the world. Here, you can dig deep with examples of how the production line model was different to anything that came before it. You can also explain it using an example of a product going through a factory, such as a Model T Ford.
• Provide an illustration of the ways the court system seeks to ensure justice is served. Courts are complex places, so you can dig deep here to explain why we have them and how they help keep all of us safe.
• Provide an illustration of human development from birth to 18 years of age. You can dig deep in your explanation of how children move through stages of development before becoming what we consider to be fully grown adults. I selected this example for the illustration essay above.
• Provide an illustration of how and why the Pyramids were built. An illustration of these remarkable structures can help you delve deep into the ways ancient Egypt operated. Discuss the ways pharaohs saw pyramids as spiritual buildings, how they used slaves to build them, and the remarkable engineering coordination required to build enormous structures back before we had machinery to help out!

7. Illustration Essay Example

Topic: “Provide an illustration of human development from birth to 18 years of age. (1000 words)”

Introduction of the Illustration Essay:

Children are born with complete dependence on their parents for their own survival. Over the next 18 years they go through several stages of biological and cognitive development before reaching full maturation. This illustrative essay explores several key ideas about how humans develop in their first 18 years. There are multiple different understandings of how humans develop, and several of the major ones will be illustrated in this essay. First, the key ideas behind human development are defined and described. Then, several examples of key parts of human development in childhood are presented with a focus on Piaget’s approach to human development.

Body Paragraphs of the Illustration Essay – Definition and Description:

Human development is the process of human growth from birth through to adulthood. It is a process that takes somewhere between 16 and 25 years, although most western societies believe a child has reached adulthood on their 18 th birthday (Charlesworth, 2016). The process behind child development has been defined and described in multiple different ways throughout history. Two of the key theorists who describe child development are Piaget and Freud. Both believe all children develop in clear maturational stages, although their ideas about what happens in each stage differ significantly (Davies, 2010).

Freud believes that all children develop through a series of psychological stages. At each stage of development, children face a challenge which they must overcome or risk experiencing psychological fixations in adulthood. Freud outlined five stages of child development: the oral (0 – 1 years of age), anal (1 – 3 years of age), phallic (3 – 6 years of age), latency (6 – 12 years of age) and genital (12+ years of age). For each stage, there is a challenge (Fleer, 2018; Devine & Munsch, 2018). These are: weaning off the breast (oral), toilet training (anal), identifying gender roles (phallic), social interaction (latency) and development of intimate relationships (genital). If the child successfully navigates each stage, they will become a well developed adult.

By contrast, Piaget was focused less on psychological development and more on cognitive maturation. Piaget also believes that all children develop in roughly equal stages (Devine & Munsch, 2014). Piaget outlined five stages of development: the sensorimotor (0 – 2 years of age), preoperational (2 – 7 years of age), concrete operational (7 – 11 years of age) and formal operational (11+ years). In each stage, the child is capable of certain tasks, and should be encouraged to master those tasks to develop successfully to the next stage. These tasks include: mastery of the sense and motor skills to navigate the world (sensorimotor), capacity to use language and think using symbols (preoperational), ability to use logic and understand time, space and quantities (concrete operational), and ability to use abstract and hypothetical thinking (formal operational) (Charlesworth, 2016).

Body Paragraphs of the Illustration Essay – Explanations and Examples:

For the remainder of this essay, Piaget’s stages will be used to illustrate how children are perceived to develop. Piaget’s stages are still widely acknowledged as useful for teaching and guiding children through cognitive development, and are generally more well received in contemporary society than Freud’s. Their value in education make them an important set of stages to understand for teacher educators. Furthermore, many educational curricula around the world continue to roughly teach in stages commensurate with Piaget’s stages (Kohler, 2014). They are therefore important stages of child development to understand.

The first stage is the sensorimotor stage (0 – 2). Children in the sensorimotor stage need support to develop skills in navigating their immediate environments. At this stage, children are given objects with various textures, shapes and compositions to allow children to touch and learn about their world (Kohler, 2014). Children in this stage also learn to develop the understanding that when things are out of their sight, they still exist! Piaget called this skill ‘object permanence’. For example, the game ‘peek-a-boo’ is often very entertaining to young children because their parents’ faces appear to disappear from the world, then reappear randomly (Isaacs, 2015; Devine & Munsch, 2018).

The next stage is the preoperational stage (2 – 7). In the preoperational stage, children learn to develop more complex communicative capacities. Children develop linguistic capacities and begin to express themselves confidently to their parents and strangers. Children also develop imaginative skills, and you often see children engaging in imaginative play where they dress up and pretend to be princesses, firefighters and heroes in their stories (Isaacs, 2015). At this young age, children are very egotistical and continue to see themselves as the centre of the world. To help children develop through this stage, parents and teachers should encourage creative writing and praise children whenever they may see things from other people’s perspectives (MacBlain, 2018).

The third stage is the concrete operational stage (7 – 11). At this stage, children learn to think logically about things in their everyday environments. They therefore develop more complex capacities to reason and do mathematical tasks. At this stage teachers tend to encourage children to learn to come to conclusions using reason and scientific observations (MacBlain, 2018). At this level many children are able to see things from others’ perspectives, but remain focused on their own lives and things in their immediate environments (Kohler, 2014).

Lastly, from ages 11 and up, children develop into the formal operations stage where they can think abstractly. In this stage, ethical and critical thinking emerges. These young people are now starting to think about issues like social justice and politics (Kohler, 2014). They also develop the capacity to do more complex mathematical tasks in the realm of abstract rather than concrete maths. A real life example may include the capacity to complete algebraic tasks. This is why algebra tends to become a part of mathematics curricula in middle and high school years (Charlesworth, 2016; MacBlain, 2018).

While Piaget’s stages are widely acknowledge to be accurate for ‘normal’ development, there is criticism that these stages do not reflect the development of children across all cultures and abilities. For example, children with autism may develop at faster or slower rates (Isaacs, 2015). Similarly, it appears children in some non-Western cultures develop concrete operations at a much younger age than children in Western societies. Thus, other theorists like Vygotsky have demonstrated that we should not see child development in set rigid stages, but instead think of development as being heavily influenced by social and cultural circumstances in which children develop (MacBlain, 2018).

Conclusion of the Illustrative Essay:

At the beginning of this illustrative essay, it was stated that children use the first 18 years of their life to develop biologically, psychologically and cognitively. Zooming in on cognitive development, this essay has illustrated child development through Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development. Through these stages, it is possible to see how children develop from very dependent and unknowledgeable states to full independence from their parents. Teachers should know about these stages of development to properly understand what level children should be at in their learning and to target lessons appropriately.

References:

Charlesworth, R. (2016). Understanding child development. Los Angeles: Cengage Learning.

Davies, D. (2010).  Child development: A practitioner’s guide . New York: Guilford Press.

Fleer, M. (2018). Child Development in Educational Settings . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Isaacs, N. (2015). A Brief Introduction to Piaget. New York: Agathon Press.

Kohler, R. (2014). Jean Piaget. London: Bloomsbury.

Levine, L. E., & Munsch, J. (2018).  Child Development from Infancy to Adolescence: An Active Learning Approach . London: Sage Publications.

MacBlain, S. (2018).  Learning theories for early years practice . London: SAGE.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 5 Top Tips for Succeeding at University
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 50 Durable Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 100 Consumer Goods Examples
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Illustration Essay

How to Write an Illustration Essay: A Complete Guide for Students

10 min read

Published on: Dec 11, 2019

Last updated on: Apr 23, 2024

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Good Illustration Essay Topics & Ideas for Your Help

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An illustration essay is one of the most interesting essay assignments that you will get in your college and university life. It is a unique style of writing and very different from other types of academic essays. 

A deep understanding of what exactly an illustration essay is and how to write a perfect one is important for success with this kind of work.

If you are new to illustration essays and don’t know how to start, our blog is here to help!

In this blog, you will find out how to write an illustration essay. You will also get a list of illustration essay ideas and samples to help you get started. 

So let’s dive in!

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Illustration Essay Definition

An illustration essay is a type of essay that aims to present a compelling and vivid picture of a particular subject or personal experiences. 

Unlike other essays that may focus solely on presenting arguments or analyzing data. An exemplification/illustration essay employs various examples, anecdotes, or scenarios to provide clarity and support for the chosen topic. 

Purpose of Writing an Illustration Essay 

The goal of an illustration essay is to paint a picture for the reader, helping them understand the subject through real-life instances or relatable situations. 

This type of essay allows the writer to showcase their ability to express ideas in a relatable manner, making it an engaging and informative piece of writing.

In simpler words, think of an illustration essay as a bunch of pictures or examples that come together to create a clear and detailed image of the chosen topic. It's a way of making the subject more alive and easy to understand for the reader.

Check out this video to improve your understanding of illustration essays:

Read on to get a step-by-step guide on how to write one yourself!

How to Write an Illustration Essay?

Here is the step-by-step guide that you can follow for writing a great illustration essay:

1. Choose a Topic 

The first step is to choose an interesting topic for your essay. Make sure the topic you choose has enough material available online.     2. Plan Your Writing 

Once you have decided on the topic, start planning your essay. Find credible sources before starting to write your essay. In this way, you will have plenty of information and examples to include in your essay. 

3. Creating an Outline

Create a rough outline to make the writing easier. Make sections for the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, and write ideas you would add to each section. 

4. Introduction & Thesis Statement

Here’s the answer to “how to start an illustration essay?”

Introduction is the opening paragraph that typically contains 5 to 10 sentences. The number of sentences in the introduction depends on the complexity of the topic. 

The essay introduction should begin with a hook statement followed by some background information. End your introduction with the thesis statement. 

It is important to include a well-written thesis statement at the end of the introductory paragraph. The thesis statement for illustration essay should reflect your point of view. It is basically a one-sentence statement that tells the readers what you will discuss in your essay. 

Here is an illustration essay thesis example:

5. Body Paragraphs

This body section is typically made up of 3 paragraphs, but the number can be increased depending on the topic. In an illustration essay the body paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence followed by some supporting details and an example. 

Make sure to include stronger evidence to support the thesis. The stronger the evidence is, the more seriously the reader will consider your point. Make sure the illustration you provide to support a point must relate to the subject and your audience. 

You can also mention evidence in terms of importance, either from important to least important or from least important to the most important. 

6. Conclusion 

Create a summary of the whole essay in the last paragraph. Then, reiterate the thesis statement and include a finishing statement in the last. 

7. Add References 

An illustration essay may require you to use empirical data and other research material. Don’t forget to state the sources on the final page of the essay. Follow the referencing style specified by your instructor. 

8. Proofread 

Once you have finished the writing process, proofread your essay for any mistakes in grammar or structure. Edit and revise your essay to make sure it is free from any language mistakes. 

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Illustration Essay Outline

Below you can find the most common layout of the illustration essay. 

Below you can find a sample illustration essay outline that you can refer to for a better understanding. 

Illustration Essay Outline Example

Free Illustration Essay Examples

You can look at some professionally written illustration essay examples to better understand the correct writing style and tone for a great essay. 

Here are some illustration essay examples that you can review before beginning the writing process. 

Illustration Essay on Social Media

Example Illustration Essay on Smoking

Illustration Essay Sample

Illustration Essay Examples Pdf

Illustration Essay Examples For College

Illustration Essay Introduction Examples

Transition Words for Illustration Essay 

Transition words and phrases are important to include for a smooth flow of information. However, students sometimes find it difficult to have a smooth transition in this type of essay.  

Using transitions in your essay will make it easy for you to maintain a flow in your writing and for the readers to understand the connection in between. 

Here’s a list of transition words and phrases that will come in handy for writing an illustration essay: 

• For example
• For instance
• To illustrate
• In other words
• As an illustration
• In particular
• The result that
• Consequently
• Accordingly
• For this reason
• As a result

Illustration Essay Topics 

Choosing the right topic is the key point in crafting an outstanding essay. Below you can find some good illustration essay topics for college to choose from. 

• What are the best hobbies that can help you make money? 
• Illustrate how a good education can lead to a successful life
• Explain your views on your favorite social media platform
• What is the most common challenge faced by Students today?
• What are the necessary steps for writing a resume? 
• Rugby and football: Write about the main differences
• Status symbol and Fashion shows: Share your views with examples 
• What are the most effective ways to save money?
• Write about the challenges currently faced by students
• Explain how movies impact our view of life

Looking for more great topics for your illustrative essay? Browse through our list of illustration essay topics !

Illustration Essay Writing Tips

Ready to start writing your illustration essay? Keep these tips in mind to make the process easier.

• Define the Focus of Your Illustration Essay:

Before you start writing your essay, it is important to clearly identify the focus of your illustration essay. This will help to ensure that you are able to effectively illustrate your points in an organized and concise manner.

• Use Illustrative Examples:

Make sure to include examples to support your points in your essay. These can be real-world examples that illustrate a point or hypothetical situations designed to show how certain aspects of the topic work.

• Check for Clarity:

Once you’ve finished writing your essay, read it over and make sure it’s clear and easily understood. If there are any areas of confusion or ambiguity, revise them to ensure the reader understands your point.

• Use Credible Sources:

If you’re going to include any facts or figures in your essay, make sure they are accurate and up-to-date. Before including them, make sure to check their credibility with reliable sources. This will help improve the authority of your essay.

• Proofread Carefully:

Finally, proofread carefully for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other errors. Make sure to edit and proofread your essay before submitting it. This will help to ensure that your essay is as polished and professional as possible.

Following these tips will let you write an excellent illustration essay. So be sure to keep these in mind while writing.

To conclude,

Hopefully, now you understand what an illustration essay is and the necessary steps for writing a perfect one. 

If you are still unsure how to write a good illustration essay, get help from expert essay writers. MyPerfectWords.com is a write my essay service  that can help you with all of your essay writing tasks.

Just hire our top essay writer and get the best illustration essay writing help from experts.

Barbara P (Literature, Marketing)

Dr. Barbara is a highly experienced writer and author who holds a Ph.D. degree in public health from an Ivy League school. She has worked in the medical field for many years, conducting extensive research on various health topics. Her writing has been featured in several top-tier publications.

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10.2 Illustration

Learning objectives.

• Determine the purpose and structure of the illustration essay.
• Understand how to write an illustration essay.

The Purpose of Illustration in Writing

To illustrate means to show or demonstrate something clearly. An effective illustration essay clearly demonstrates and supports a point through the use of evidence.

As you learned in Chapter 9 “Writing Essays: From Start to Finish” , the controlling idea of an essay is called a thesis . A writer can use different types of evidence to support his or her thesis. Using scientific studies, experts in a particular field, statistics, historical events, current events, analogies, and personal anecdotes are all ways in which a writer can illustrate a thesis. Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Using evidence effectively can be challenging, though. The evidence you choose will usually depend on your subject and who your reader is (your audience). When writing an illustration essay, keep in mind the following:

• Use evidence that is appropriate to your topic as well as appropriate for your audience.
• Assess how much evidence you need to adequately explain your point depending on the complexity of the subject and the knowledge of your audience regarding that subject.

For example, if you were writing about a new communication software and your audience was a group of English-major undergrads, you might want to use an analogy or a personal story to illustrate how the software worked. You might also choose to add a few more pieces of evidence to make sure the audience understands your point. However, if you were writing about the same subject and you audience members were information technology (IT) specialists, you would likely use more technical evidence because they would be familiar with the subject.

Keeping in mind your subject in relation to your audience will increase your chances of effectively illustrating your point.

You never want to insult your readers’ intelligence by overexplaining concepts the audience members may already be familiar with, but it may be necessary to clearly articulate your point. When in doubt, add an extra example to illustrate your idea.

On a separate piece of paper, form a thesis based on each of the following three topics. Then list the types of evidence that would best explain your point for each of the two audiences.

Topic: Combat and mental health

Audience: family members of veterans, doctors

Topic: Video games and teen violence

Audience: parents, children

Topic: Architecture and earthquakes

Audience: engineers, local townspeople

The Structure of an Illustration Essay

The controlling idea, or thesis, belongs at the beginning of the essay. Evidence is then presented in the essay’s body paragraphs to support the thesis. You can start supporting your main point with your strongest evidence first, or you can start with evidence of lesser importance and have the essay build to increasingly stronger evidence. This type of organization— order of importance —you learned about in Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” and Chapter 9 “Writing Essays: From Start to Finish” .

The time transition words listed in Table 10.1 “Transition Words and Phrases for Expressing Time” are also helpful in ordering the presentation of evidence. Words like first , second , third , currently , next , and finally all help orient the reader and sequence evidence clearly. Because an illustration essay uses so many examples, it is also helpful to have a list of words and phrases to present each piece of evidence. Table 10.2 “Phrases of Illustration” provides a list of phrases for illustration.

Table 10.2 Phrases of Illustration

Vary the phrases of illustration you use. Do not rely on just one. Variety in choice of words and phrasing is critical when trying to keep readers engaged in your writing and your ideas.

Writing at Work

In the workplace, it is often helpful to keep the phrases of illustration in mind as a way to incorporate them whenever you can. Whether you are writing out directives that colleagues will have to follow or requesting a new product or service from another company, making a conscious effort to incorporate a phrase of illustration will force you to provide examples of what you mean.

On a separate sheet of paper, form a thesis based on one of the following topics. Then support that thesis with three pieces of evidence. Make sure to use a different phrase of illustration to introduce each piece of evidence you choose.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers. Discuss which topic you like the best or would like to learn more about. Indicate which thesis statement you perceive as the most effective.

Writing an Illustration Essay

First, decide on a topic that you feel interested in writing about. Then create an interesting introduction to engage the reader. The main point, or thesis, should be stated at the end of the introduction.

Gather evidence that is appropriate to both your subject and your audience. You can order the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important. Be sure to fully explain all of your examples using strong, clear supporting details. See Chapter 15 “Readings: Examples of Essays” to read a sample illustration essay.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a five-paragraph illustration essay. You can choose one of the topics from Note 10.23 “Exercise 1” or Note 10.27 “Exercise 2” , or you can choose your own.

Key Takeaways

• An illustration essay clearly explains a main point using evidence.
• When choosing evidence, always gauge whether the evidence is appropriate for the subject as well as the audience.
• Organize the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important.
• Use time transitions to order evidence.
• Use phrases of illustration to call out examples.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

How To Write an Illustration Essay?

12 May, 2020

8 minutes read

Author:  Tomas White

Not all of us are "right-brained" enough to have a powerful visual imagination. So, when the tutor handles the illustration essay task, hands could get a little shaky. But, no worries! This type of essay is not about artistic visualization nor it requires any kind of drawing experience. It is much more about the "big picture" vision and the ability to formulate examples supporting your claims/arguments. So..

<h2 “alignnone” title=”Illustration Essay Writing Guide”>What is an Illustration Essay?

Illustration essay is here to prove a particular thing exists. This particular essay type relies much more on research than analysis in order to prove a particular point. It contains a great deal of description and provides the reader with vocal examples. The thesis is formulated in the introduction; then it is developed with the help of illustrative examples within the body paragraphs – just to be perpetuated in the conclusion by the end of the essay.

How to write an Illustration Essay?

An illustration essay is also commonly referred to as an Example essay. Of all the different kinds of essays students write, this exists as the most straightforward, easiest essay to write.

While other essays require very specific aspects, such as the Cause and Effect essay , an illustration essay is exactly what it sounds like: an illustration of a particular subject. If you’re wondering if it requires drawing, have no fear! In an illustration essay, the writer illustrates his or her points with clear, authentic examples—not pictures. The body paragraphs should contain research illustrating the thesis, and likely the Works Cited and/or Bibliography pages.

Introduction

This paragraph opens the illustration essay. It typically contains anywhere from 5 to 15 sentences; a number of sentences depend upon the density of the topic being explained in the essay. It should begin with a hook – a sentence to gain and keep the reader’s attention. Hooks may also be referred to as “attention getters”.  Examples of hooks include:

• Interesting facts
• Relevant statistics
• Rhetorical question
• Personal anecdote

Related post: How to write an Essay Introduction

Following the hook should be several background sentences . These sentences provide key information the audience may need to fully understand the concept being illustrated in the essay. Such information could include defining important vocabulary, providing historic or social context, or relevant personal background for individuals discussed in the paper. Information plays a fundamental role when it comes to putting up a piece of content, whether it’s an informative essay or not.

Finally, the last sentence of the introduction paragraph should be the thesis statement . It’s a good idea to craft your thesis statement before you begin any research; a well-written thesis should be able to guide your research and make it more effective. What makes a good thesis? So glad you asked!

A thesis statement should be both clear and argumentative.  For an illustrative essay, a thesis statement should focus on identifying the subject to be illustrated and the way the writer plans to support the illustration.

Body Paragraphs

A body paragraph’s purpose is to support the thesis. Each paragraph should contain a different piece of evidence that proves the writer’s thesis has merit. All body paragraphs follow a universal format involving five basic sentence types:

• Topic Sentence. This sentence identifies the topic of the paragraph and how it relates to the thesis statement.
• Background sentence(s). Depending on the complexity of the subject identified in the topic sentence, the essay writer may need one to three or more background sentences.
• Research sentences. These sentences can be direct quotations or paraphrases of important ideas found during the research process. Any research sentences supporting the topic should be cited according to your teacher’s preference.
• Analysis. Analysis sentences explain how the research sentences are relevant to the topic sentence and thesis sentence. These sentences often use analysis words such as shows, portrays, illustrates, proves, and communicates.
• Conclusion/Transition. This sentence wraps up the paragraph and transitions the reader to the next idea in the following paragraph.

Now, here is where the “illustration” part comes in. You need to support each body paragraph statement with examples, proving or supporting your claim. Two examples covering each statement works the best. There is no need to dive too deep into examples – just lay them out as you outline your body paragraphs.

Stuck with your essay task? No more struggle! HandMade Writing is the best essay writing service available on the market. Try it out.

Beginning the conclusion paragraph means that you’re almost done! Conclusion paragraphs are typically the shortest paragraphs in an illustration essay. Its purpose is to reiterate the main points within each body paragraph and prove to the reader that the writer proved his or her point within the essay. While these paragraphs are short, they are important; it is the last impression the reader has – so make it a good one!

Conclusion paragraphs should be strongly worded and confident. However, they should not introduce any new information; focus only one what’s already been presented as evidence in the essay.

Tips from our writers – free takeaways!

Transition words.

Transitions  can really help move an argument along in an illustration essay. Transitions are words that act as connectors in a sentence; they connect one idea to another. They can show similarity, contrast, or illustration among other connections. Want your illustration essay to shine? Consider incorporating the following transitions to improve the flow of the essay:

Transitions can link similar ideas in the same body paragraph or link different examples of body paragraphs.

Outline Example

As with all essay writing assignments, it’s important to begin early and stay on-task. Keep to a writing schedule, beginning with an idea outline to organize your thoughts and help guide your research.

Check out this no-frills outline:

Illustration Essay Sample

Be sure to check the sample essay, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to write your own essay. Link:  Illustration Essay on Social Statuses

Drawing the line (figuratively)

Taking the time to outline and narrow your research focus makes finding information much, much easier! But it is not always necessary to verse an outstanding illustrative essay. The best way to prove your point is to show a real-life example.

Nothing really works better than cases and situations taken straight from your life experience (almost like the narrative essay , right?) People with colorful life experience tend to be the best in the illustrative essay “business”.

Remember: you have many resources available to you to help you earn the grade you want. Stick to a good writing schedule and take a rough draft to your professor for constructive criticism. Visit the campus writing center if you have one, or send your essay to our professional editing service. Revisit and revise your draft at least once – perfection is a process!

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Writing a research paper on ethics is not an easy task, especially if you do not possess excellent writing skills and do not like to contemplate controversial questions. But an ethics course is obligatory in all higher education institutions, and students have to look for a way out and be creative. When you find an […]

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How to Write Illustration Essay: Guide on Painting with Words

Table of contents

• 1 Understanding the Basics
• 2.1 Useful Tips for Effective Research
• 2.2 Types of Illustration Essay Examples
• 3 Creating Illustration Essay Outline
• 4 Writing An Engaging Introduction
• 5 Crafting Compelling Body Paragraphs
• 6 Using Examples Effectively
• 7 Writing a Strong Conclusion
• 8 Editing and Proofreading
• 9 Mastering Illustration Essays – Concluding Thoughts

Imagine this, you are asked to write an essay, and instead of the usual plain text, you get to paint a vivid picture with words. That is precisely what an illustration essay is all about—it is your chance to bring your ideas to life, to make your reader see, feel, and understand your point with clarity and color.

However, these kinds of essays are not everyone’s cup of tea. Many students find them tricky, and that is completely understandable. Weaving real-life examples into writing can seem challenging, but stress no more because, in this article, we will break it all down to make it as easy as a breeze.

We will walk you through the process, helping you master the art of illustration essay writing.

Here is a preview of what lies ahead in this article:

• After reading this article, you will understand the illustration essay definition and its key characteristics.
• We examine the significance of comprehensive research and provide a list of illustration essay topics.
• Also, the article presents an outline for structuring an illustration essay. You will learn how to craft an engaging introduction and structure body paragraphs using the PIE format.

Understanding the Basics

Let’s start by unraveling the concept of an illustrative essay – it is a bit like picking up a paintbrush, but instead of colors, you have words at your disposal. Illustrative writing is all about doing more than just sharing facts. It is about making your point come to life. You can do that by weaving vivid examples and anecdotes into your writing. It is like turning a dull black-and-white photo into a vibrant, colorful masterpiece. Are you wondering what the result is going to be? Clarity and engagement hook your readers.

Many students are often unfamiliar with the key characteristics of an illustration essay. Do you fall into this category? In this article, we have got everything covered for you. The writing process of a five-paragraph essay is all about using compelling and relevant examples to support your thesis. These examples should not only clarify your point but also captivate your audience. The essay should be easy to follow, with a logical flow from one idea to the next.

But here is the fun part: illustration essays are incredibly versatile. You can write about a wide range of topics, and that’s where the creativity kicks in. If you are unable to find your perfect topic, here are a few inspiring illustration essay ideas to get you started:

• The Impact of Social Media on Real-Life Relationships
• The Art of Mastering Time Management
• The Journey of Overcoming a Fear
• The Significance of Healthy Eating Habits
• A Day in the Life of a Firefighter
• The Evolution of Technology in Education
• The Role of Music in Shaping Our Emotions
• Navigating the World of Online Dating
• The Process of Learning a New Language
• The Influence of Art on Society
• The Power of Random Acts of Kindness
• The Impact of Climate Change on Wildlife
• The Magic of Exploring a New Culture
• The Secrets of Successful Entrepreneurship
• The World of Fashion: Trends and Influence

So, whether you are looking to highlight the impact of social media or explore the art of time management, an illustration essay lets you tell your story with a colorful array of examples. It is your chance to paint a clear and captivating picture with words. Therefore, don’t hesitate to give it a try and start illustrating your ideas today.

Research and Gathering Examples

Research and gathering examples are the most crucial aspects of writing an illustration essay. Getting them right is like laying the groundwork for a great illustration essay. It is simply the secret ingredient that turns your essay into a captivating and informative masterpiece. Therefore, it is recommended to keep digging until you find the best illustration essay examples, and your essay is bound to shine.

Useful Tips for Effective Research

While many students are familiar with the fact that thorough research is the backbone of illustration essay writing, they often struggle to do it. To help you do effective research for your illustration essay, here are a few valuable tips you must consider following:

• Hit the Books: Start with your friendly neighborhood library. Books are like treasure troves of knowledge. They are not just filled with facts and figures but also rich with anecdotes and stories.
• Go Digital: Consider the internet your best friend when writing an illustrative essay. However, not all websites are worth scrolling through to collect evidence. You should only use credible sources like educational institutions, government sites, and well-known publications.
• Interview Experts: Talking to experts in the field can dig up unique and real-life examples you will not find elsewhere.

Types of Illustration Essay Examples

Let’s shed some light on different types of illustrative examples you can use in your essay:

• Anecdotes: These are short, engaging stories that can captivate your readers and help them relate to your point.
• Statistics: These numbers add a layer of credibility and impact to your essay.
• Facts: Verifiable facts are like building blocks for your argument, providing a strong foundation for your essay.
• Quotes: These are wise words from authoritative figures that can reinforce your point.

It is worth remembering that the key here is relevance. The examples you use in your essay should serve as a “supporting argument” for your thesis statement , ensuring your point is crystal clear to the reader.

Creating Illustration Essay Outline

To write an illustration essay, you need to craft a common essay outline for it. It will act as a blueprint, the skeleton for your essay that holds everything together. While many might think of it as a bunch of headings and subheadings, it is definitely more than that. It will be your guide to effectively illustrate your points.

To help you write an excellent illustration essay, here is an outline structure for an illustration essay recommended by professional writers:

• Introduction (hook, background information, and thesis statement)
• Body Paragraph 1 (Topic sentence, illustration, and explanation)
• Body Paragraph 2 and so on (Topic sentence, illustration, and explanation)
• Conclusion (Restate thesis, summary of examples, and closing thoughts)

This recommended structure of an illustration essay outline ensures a well-organized and coherent essay that effectively supports your thesis statement with relevant examples. It provides a clear roadmap for your essay’s content, making it easier for readers to follow your argument.

Writing An Engaging Introduction

The introduction’s primary role is to grab the reader’s attention and generate enough interest to encourage them to continue reading. If the introduction fails to engage the reader, there is a higher chance that they will stop reading the essay. It is like an essay’s “make or break” moment.

That’s why it is crucial to use attention-grabbing techniques to draw the reader in from the beginning. An effective introductory paragraph sets the stage for a successful essay by capturing the reader’s interest and curiosity, making them eager to explore the rest of the content.

Here are a few techniques you must use to make your illustration essay’s introduction engaging:

• Start with a story: Begin with a short, vivid anecdote, a real-life scenario, or an example of personal interests related to your topic. It will immediately draw your reader in and make your essay relatable.
• Pose a question: Ask a thought-provoking question related to your thesis. It will make your readers think and be curious about what your essay has to say.
• Use a Surprising Fact: Shock your readers with an exciting and unexpected fact or statistic. It can be a powerful way to increase their interest.
• Share a Relevant Quote: A well-chosen quote from a relevant figure can add depth and authority to your introduction.
• Present Your Thesis Statement: After the powerful hook, clearly state your thesis statement. It will give your readers a rough outline of your essay.

Crafting Compelling Body Paragraphs

Think of these paragraphs as the heart of an illustration essay, where you bring your topic to life with real-life examples and evidence. However, only a few students can pull this crucial part right. If you find this tricky too, you can get help from a professional writing service –  PapersOwl . Many experienced writers with top-notch writing skills can finish the work for you quickly. Just say, “ Write an academic essay ,” and let our writers do wonders.

However, if you want to write a good illustration essay, we are here to help you. Crafting compelling body paragraphs is a no-brainer, especially when you know the proper structure. In an illustration essay, each body paragraph should follow a clear and organized structure. This structure is often referred to as “PIE” (Point-Illustration-Explanation). Here is how to do it:

• Point: Start each paragraph with a clear and concise topic sentence that presents the main point or idea you want to illustrate. It is where you tell your reader what to expect in the paragraph.
• Illustration: After introducing your point, provide a specific example that supports or illustrates that point. It can be an anecdote, a fact, a statistic, or a quote. Your example should be relevant and directly related to your topic.
• Explanation: Following the example, explain how it supports your point. Break down the example, analyze it, and clarify the connection between the example and your thesis. It is where you demonstrate to your reader how the illustration reinforces your argument.

It is worth remembering that smooth transitioning is key to a good illustration essay. Without smooth transitions, your essay becomes a disjointed puzzle, leaving readers frustrated and your argument lost in the confusion. While following the PIE structure ensures well-structured body parts of an essay , transition words are the bridge that gracefully guides your reader from one paragraph to the next.

Using Examples Effectively

In an illustration essay, the effective use of examples is the secret sauce that brings your ideas to life and makes your argument compelling. Now, you might be wondering how to ensure the effective use of examples. The process begins with selecting and incorporating examples into your essay. Whether you are writing a sample illustration essay or an illustration paper, it is all about choosing real-life instances, anecdotes, facts, statistics, or quotes that relate directly to your thesis.

Also, you must ensure that you don’t just drop examples into your essay and move on. Take your time to analyze and explain each example in the context of your thesis. Break it down for your reader. What does the example illustrate? How does it relate to your main points? It is crucial because it connects the dots for your readers, showing them how the example supports your argument.

Moreover, when using examples, you must focus on two key points: clarity and relevance. Your examples should be crystal clear and easy for your reader to understand. Avoid vague examples that might confuse your audience. Each example must be relevant to your thesis and the point you are trying to make. Irrelevant examples can derail your argument and leave readers scratching their heads.

Remember, the power of an illustration essay lies in the strength of your examples. Choose them carefully, explain them thoroughly, and ensure they are clear and relevant.

Writing a Strong Conclusion

Writing a strong conclusion for your illustration essay or exemplification paper is like putting the final brushstroke on a masterpiece. It is the last chance to leave a lasting impression on your reader. Therefore, when writing an illustration essay, make sure to end it with a strong conclusion.

Not sure how to do that? Here are a few tips you must follow for a strong conclusion:

• Summarize Your Points: Summarize the primary points and examples you have presented throughout your essay.
• Restate Your Thesis: Restating your thesis is essential. However, do not copy and paste it from your introduction. Instead, rephrase it engagingly.
• Leave a Lasting Thought: Leave your reader with a thought-provoking or memorable thesis statement. It can be a call to action, a reflection on the broader significance of your topic, or a compelling idea related to your thesis.
• Avoid New Information: Don’t introduce new examples or information in your conclusion.

Editing and Proofreading

Editing and proofreading your illustration essay is like giving it a polished finish, ensuring that your ideas shine through with clarity. Here are some quick tips for the final steps in perfecting your essay:

• Read aloud: Read your essay aloud to yourself, as it will help you catch awkward sentences and errors and understand how the essay flows.
• Check for clarity: Make sure your examples and explanations are crystal clear.
• Consistency: Ensure consistency in your writing style, verb tense, and formatting throughout the essay.
• Spell Check: Run a spell check to catch any glaring typos or spelling errors.
• Grammar Check: Use a grammar checker to identify grammar and punctuation mistakes.

You will refine your essay and make it a polished piece by self-editing and proofreading. The final touch ensures your descriptive nature and the writer’s point come through clearly.

Mastering Illustration Essays – Concluding Thoughts

In conclusion, mastering the writing process for crafting an engaging illustration essay involves selecting impactful examples, explaining them effectively, and maintaining clarity. By following the PIE method and dedicating time to thorough editing, you are definitely on your way to writing persuasive illustration essays. Embrace the process, and let your creativity shine as you share your unique perspective, educate your readers, and make a lasting impact. With these insights, you are ready to embark on your journey to write an academic essay confidently. Happy writing!

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An illustration essay is a type of writing that uses specific examples to illustrate a general idea or an abstract concept. The primary goal of illustration writing is to use proper examples to prove  the main point of the essay.

This article will explain the purpose, importance, and structure of an illustration essay. Want to know how to write it step by step? Hop on and keep reading until you get to the actual guide. Soon you’ll be ready to write this kind of paper, from first sentences until last paragraphs. Let’s dive into it together!

What Is an Illustration Essay: Definition

The illustration essay concept lies in providing an initial introduction into the general research subject. Essentially, this is about proving that a particular object or notion exists, showing how it functions, and explaining why it is important for everyone involved. As an author, make sure you familiarize your readers with key ideas and important context. If necessary, detailed explanations must be provided, together with strong examples or evidence. It is easier to start an entire research project with this writing type. At this stage conducting some detailed research or analyzing numerous academic sources isn't necessary. An illustrative work should provide just an initial impression about future research in this field. It also helps a great deal with planning your further steps of exploring the main topic.

How to Write an Illustration Essay: Step-By-Step

It is important to compose an illustrative essay correctly as it will pave the road towards your main research goals. We’ll provide you with a quick and easy guide about writing a great essay. The key to success is getting a clear understanding of general direction and staying methodical. Make sure to pay close attention to our tips provided below. They will help you with creating a nice composition, thus boosting your research progress.

Step 1. Choose a Topic for Your Illustration Essay

The first step in writing an illustrative essay is finding a good topic. You need to be well aware of what you plan to research in future. Include this information into an illustrative work and show what further steps will be made towards this goal. Pick a specific topic that can help to provide good insights into this general research subject.  Besides, you should find some good materials supporting your work. In case it is too difficult to find them for your topic, consider picking an easier one.

Step 2. Conduct a Research for an Illustration Essay

The next step is to prepare for writing. Illustration text should give its readers proper understanding of the general problem’s context which is why you need to know this context well yourself.  Search for credible sources and evidence that could support all explanations. But it is not necessary to involve too many scholarly sources at this step. Instead, you just need to provide initial clarifications on future research works you will write so several descriptive books or articles would do.

Step 3. Create an Illustration Essay Outline

A great idea is creating an illustration essay outline before starting with actual writing. It might not be strictly necessary, as stated in your assignment. But in any case it would help you a lot in terms of avoiding serious mistakes or finding noticeable gaps in initial text. The idea of outline is to write down all important ideas and descriptions shortly. Instead of writing a full paragraph for a certain idea, give it just 1-2 phrases. Once done, you’ll review it yourself and correct all inconsistencies. Making such corrections is much easier at this step.

Step 4. Create Good Introduction for Illustration Essay

After reviewing and correcting the outline, it is time to proceed with an introduction of illustration essay. Begin with describing the general research subject and stating your main ideas which would be explained in this main body part later. Make sure to consult assignment you’ve received if not sure which ideas should be included. An important part of an introduction is adding a ‘hook’ at the end. This could engage your audience and thus ensure achieving great success after presenting the completed work.

Step 5. Write a Strong Illustration Essay Thesis

Don’t forget to compose your illustration essay thesis at its beginning. An effective thesis clearly identifies your main illustrative topic, making sure all readers understand what’s going on. Besides, it contains at least three crucial arguments that support or deny main ideas.  Other requirements for an illustrative thesis:

• It presents the purpose of your text for its readers.
• It serves as a path to developing explanations in main body paragraphs.
• It formulates a question that is to be answered in concluding part.

Step 6. Create Body for Your Illustration Essay

The central part of the illustrative writing process is to compose paragraphs with actual descriptions, explanations and evidence for each main idea of current text. The body part should support opinions you’ve formulated in your thesis. All key facts should be presented in this part. It is crucial to make all paragraphs logically connected to each other. All necessary information must be included here but don’t make this part too wordy. Certain balance must be achieved between leaving readers informed and also keeping their attention. We recommend using a good body paragraph example while writing.

Step 7. Conclude Your Illustration Essay

Now it’s time for the final part of illustration essay: conclusion paragraph. It must summarize all explanations and effectively answer questions posed at your introduction. A good conclusion essay makes all main ideas clearer while keeping it short and concise. Don’t add any new facts here, just mention ones given in the main part. However, you can talk about next research steps in your conclusion so that audience gets prepared for some upcoming works on this subject.

Step 8. Proofreading Your Illustration Essay

Once you’re done with illustrative writing, it is time for reviewing and editing it. Even skillest writers make mistakes so it is highly likely current composition would have some inconsistencies left at first. You need to give it a second look and proofread it closely, e.g. next day after finishing with writing. Consider asking someone else to read it as well: your peers, friends, or family members. They might find some logical gaps where everything would seem quite clear for you.

Illustration Essay Examples

In case you would need some extra information in addition to our descriptions and explanations above, we’ve added several free illustration essay examples to illustrate it. These are the real world cases of this kind of writing. They include description of main research idea, explanation of its aspects and context, and informative conclusion.

An Illustration Essay: Final Thoughts

This is all about illustration paper writing process that you need to know. If you’ve finished this article, you’ll be better prepared for creation of strong illustrative materials and for conducting good research.

Not sure about your writing skills or struggling with tight deadlines? Feel free to check out our essay service by StudyCrumb ! We are a team of professional writers with vast experience in various academic areas. So just let us know if you need help with any papers.

Frequently Asked Questions About Illustrative Essay

1. how many paragraphs should an illustration essay have.

The number of illustration essay paragraphs is expected to be at least five:

• 1 paragraph for the introduction: its thesis statement and main ideas.
• 3 paragraphs for main body: in most kinds of academic compositions, body paragraphs are where all supporting arguments must be included.
• 1 paragraph for conclusion to summarize all of the above.

You can write more than that but keep in mind that an illustrative text is not expected to be too long.

2. What is an illustrated essay?

An illustration essay or an illustrated essay should provide an initial introduction into your research subject for your audience. It is structured around the goal of using examples to make valid points supporting the main ideas of your essay. Such an essay does not typically involve in-depth research but rather makes a broad examination of a research field and its context.

3. What is the purpose of illustration?

The purpose of illustration essay, also known as an example essay, is to clearly demonstrate and support a point by using evidence. It should help your audience better understand the context of your research subject and prepare them for your further works in that field. In addition to explaining the topic for your readers, such text helps you plan further steps. It serves as a quick and easy start for your research process.

4. Is an illustration a drawing?

By definition, it is a visualization or a depiction made by an artist, such as a drawing, sketch, painting, or photograph. An illustration essay however does not necessarily involve a painting or a photograph, nor does it have to revolve around an art theme. Its name means that it illustrates your chosen topic for your readers using detailed explanations and basic depictions.

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Learning Objectives

• Describe techniques for illustrating a point

Illustration is a rhetorical style that uses examples to support the thesis or main idea of a paragraph or essay. Don’t confuse illustration with the use of pictures, although we will be discussing later how visual images can be used effectively in multimedia writing. Illustration is most often used at the paragraph level to help illustrate or support a point, but you may also encounter illustration essays of various types in your college courses.

In an illustration essay or a paragraph that employs illustration, your focus is on using examples that are relevant and strong to your argument and appropriate for your audience.

The point of any illustration assignment is for the writer to assert an overall observation and back up that assertion with evidence-based examples. Like other rhetorical modes, it can be simply informative—providing a neutral presentation of information for readers to use to draw their own conclusions, or it can be argumentative—providing a stance or point of view on the topic. The key to organizing the overall essay is to decide on categories of main ideas that are needed to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.

An Illustrative Thesis

The thesis statement for an illustration essay should convey the main point and suggest why further clarification or development of a deeper understanding of the topic is necessary or important.

• The over-reliance on social media and texting has created an environment where people feel comfortable sharing critical feelings they would have previously kept to themselves.
• Many of today’s popular movies rely on excessive gore and violence to entertain audiences which could explain why book adaptations are more violent than the original text.
• If money is no object, then a vacation to the Kanaapali Shores Beach Resort will satisfy a tourist’s paradise dream.

Using scientific studies, experts in a particular field, statistics, historical events, current events, analogies, and personal anecdotes are all ways in which a writer can illustrate a thesis. Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Using evidence effectively can be challenging, though. The evidence you choose will usually depend on your subject and who your reader is (your audience). When writing an illustration essay, keep in mind the following:

• Use evidence that is appropriate to your topic as well as appropriate for your audience.
• Assess how much evidence you need to adequately explain your point depending on the complexity of the subject and the knowledge of your audience regarding that subject.

For example, if you are writing about a new communication software and your audience is a group of English-major undergrads, you might want to use an analogy or a personal story to illustrate how the software works. However, if you are writing about the same subject and your audience members are information technology (IT) specialists, your personal experience is less likely to be an effective illustration. Instead, you need to use more technical evidence because your audience has more familiarity with and greater knowledge of the subject.

Keeping your subject matter in mind in relation to your audience will increase your chances of effectively illustrating your point. Be careful not to overexplain simple concepts that your readers are already familiar with—you don’t want to insult their intelligence! Instead of more explanation, consider using an example.

Organizing an Illustration

The organization of an illustration essay depends on the purpose of the essay and requires a clear rationale for why the examples apply as an illustration of a concept. When pulling in examples, you may rely on words or phrases such as: for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, or specifically.

Typically in a single supporting paragraph, a writer uses a topic sentence to designate the main idea followed by primary and secondary support structure. In a full essay devoted to illustration, primary supports are the main ideas to support a topic sentence, and secondary supports are the examples and details to provide the concrete information to complete the writer’s point.

Illustration Essay Outline

Introduction and Thesis:

• Purpose of Illustration: To demonstrate how a vacation at the Kanaapali Shores Beach Club Resort is enjoyable and affordable.

Primary support 1: The hotel amenities

• Secondary supporting details: the room, the bed, the bathroom, the kitchenette, the view, the concierge services

Primary support 2: The restaurants

• Secondary supporting details: the variety of food, the quality of food, the service, the ambiance

Primary support 3: The beach and activities

• Secondary supporting details: the beauty of the sand, sky, and water; sunbathing, snorkeling, windsurfing

Primary support 4: The cost

• Secondary supporting details: the price of the room per night, the prices of meals, the price of activities/entertainment

SAMPLE Illustration Essay

Now that you have had the chance to learn about illustration essays, it’s time to see one in practice. Here you’ll see a traditional or typical sample illustration essay from a beginning writing class. In this assignment, the student was asked to write an essay using illustration to make his points, to follow APA guidelines, and to use at least two sources.

https://assessments.lumenlearning.co...essments/20433

Contributors and Attributions

• Organizing an Illustration. Authored by : Marianne Botos, Lynn McClelland, Stephanie Polliard, Pamela Osback . Located at : https://pvccenglish.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/eng-101-inside-pages-proof2-no-pro.pdf . Project : Horse of a Different Color: English Composition and Rhetoric . License : CC BY: Attribution
• Illustration Essay. Provided by : Excelsior College Online Writing Lab. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/rhetorical-styles/illustration-essay/ . License : CC BY: Attribution

Illustration Essay

Learn How to Craft An Effective Illustration Essay

Published on: Jun 13, 2022

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2024

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Have you ever wanted to bring a topic to life with vivid details and examples? If so, then the illustration essay may be the perfect writing assignment for you! 

This type of essay allows you to paint a picture with words and show your readers exactly what you mean. 

In this blog, we'll explore illustration essays and how they can captivate an audience by using vivid examples and anecdotes. Whether you're a student or a professional, this guide will provide you with practical tips on crafting an engaging and effective illustration essay.

So, get set to amplify your imagination and take your writing game to the next level!

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Illustration Essay Definition

An illustration essay is a piece of writing that uses examples to support a thesis statement or main idea. It is also known as an exemplification essay because it provides specific instances that demonstrate or " exemplify " the writer's point.

Importance of Illustration Essay

An illustration essay is important because it:

• Helps the reader understand abstract or complex concepts by providing concrete examples.
• Makes arguments more convincing by providing evidence to support them.
• Enhances the reader's engagement by using relatable and vivid examples .
• Demonstrates the writer's ability to think critically and organize ideas effectively.
• Develops the writer's research and writing skills by requiring them to find and analyze relevant examples.

Enhance your understanding of illustration essays with this informative video!

How to Write an Illustration Essay?

Writing an illustration essay can be a challenging task, but by following these steps, you can create a well-organized and effective essay.

Step 1: Select a Compelling Topic

• Start an illustration essay by choosing a topic that is interesting, relevant, and has ample examples to support your thesis.
• Ensure the topic aligns with the purpose of illustration—to clarify, explain, or prove a point.

Step 2: Conduct Research and Gather Examples

• Find relevant and credible sources that support your topic. Use a variety of sources, including books, academic journals, and online articles, to gather information.
• Collect a variety of examples that support your thesis. These could be personal experiences, historical events, case studies, or research findings.
• Ensure each example is relevant and directly contributes to the understanding of your main point.

Step 3: Define Your Thesis

• Clearly state the main argument or point you want to illustrate in your essay.
• Your illustration essay thesis statement should provide a roadmap for the reader, indicating the specific aspects you will illustrate.

Here is an illustration essay thesis example: 

Step 4: Create your Illustration Essay Outline

Organize your ideas and examples into an outline that includes an introduction , body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This will help you stay focused and ensure that your essay flows logically.

Here's a basic illustration essay outline template:

Step 5: Write the Introduction

Start your introductory paragraph with a strong thesis statement that clearly states your main argument or point. Use an attention-grabbing hook to engage your reader and provide background information to set the stage for your examples.

Step 6: Develop Body Paragraphs

In each body paragraph, present a specific example that supports your thesis statement. Use transitions to connect your examples and show how they relate to your main argument.

Step 7: Write the Conclusion

Summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement in a new and compelling way. End your conclusion with a memorable final thought that leaves a lasting impression on your reader.

Step 8: Final Review

• Conduct a final review to ensure that your essay effectively communicates your main point through well-supported examples.
• Make any final adjustments to enhance overall coherence and effectiveness.

By following these steps, you can write an effective illustration essay that engages your reader and showcases your point of view.

Types of Illustration Essay 

Each type of illustration essay brings its own strengths and nuances. This allows writers to choose the approach that best suits their topic and the message they want to convey.

Single Example

These essays deeply explore one example to vividly illustrate and substantiate the main point. By focusing on a specific subject matter, they engage the reader in the writing process, ensuring the audience considers the writer's perspective.

Multiple Examples

Utilizing various examples, these essays provide a comprehensive view of the subject matter. By incorporating empirical data, they strengthen the writer's argument, making it more compelling for the reader.

Personal Experience

Relying on personal anecdotes, these essays connect the subject matter to the writer's life. This personal touch in the writing process ensures readers consider the writer's point more deeply.

Historical Illustration Essay

Drawing from historical events, these essays provide context and depth to the subject matter. By linking the past to the present, they engage the audience and the reader will consider your point.

Analyze specific cases or scenarios in detail. Examines real-life situations to illustrate broader trends or patterns.

Process Illustration Essays

Illustrates a step-by-step process to explain a concept or phenomenon. Break down complex procedures into manageable examples for clarity.

Research-Based Illustration Essays

Incorporates findings from academic research as supporting examples. Leverages scholarly studies and data to strengthen the essay's credibility.

Comparative Illustration Essays

Compares and contrasts multiple examples to highlight differences or similarities. Emphasizes the relationship between various instances to support the thesis.

Contemporary Issue

Addresses current events or societal issues through relevant examples. Connects the essay's message to contemporary concerns for relevance.

Analogical Illustration Essays

Uses analogies to illustrate complex ideas or relationships. Draws parallels between familiar situations and the topic to enhance understanding.

Literary Illustration Essays

Utilizes examples from literature, such as novels or poems, to support the argument. Analyzes literary works to illustrate broader themes or concepts.

Visual Illustration Essays

Incorporates visual examples, such as charts, graphs, or images, to enhance understanding. Appeals to visual learners and provides a different dimension to the illustrative process.

Transition Words for Illustration Essay

Transition words or phrases are crucial in an illustration essay as they help to connect ideas, providing a smooth flow of information for the reader. Here are some transition words that can be useful in an illustration essay:

• For example
• For instance
• Specifically
• In particular
• To illustrate
• As an illustration
• In other words
• In this case
• As evidence

These transition words can be used to introduce examples, provide specific details, give evidence, and clarify ideas in an illustration essay. Remember to use them appropriately and effectively to enhance the coherence and clarity of your essay.

Illustration Essay Topics Ideas

Here is a list of illustration essay ideas to get you inspired: 

• Illustrate the Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships.
• Explore the Benefits of Regular Exercise on Mental Health.
• Illustrate the Role of Technology in Shaping Education Today.
• Illustrate How Cultural Diversity Enriches Workplace Environments.
• Illustrate the Influence of Positive Parental Involvement on Academic Success.
• Explore the Effects of Climate Change on Global Biodiversity.
• Illustrate the Evolution of Online Shopping and Its Impact on Traditional Retail.
• Illustrate How Reading Fiction Enhances Empathy and Emotional Intelligence.
• Illustrate the Importance of Financial Literacy in Personal Finance.
• Examine the Positive Effects of Volunteering on Personal Well-being.

Check our blog on illustration essay topics for college, university, and highschool to get inspired for your next assignment!

Illustration Essay Examples

Looking for free illustration essay examples for college? Check out our selection of well-crafted illustration essays and get insight into this type of writing: 

The History of The Civil Rights Movement

The Impact of Social Media on Society

The Benefits of Mindfulness Meditation

Tips for Writing an Illustration Essay

Here are extra pointers to enhance your illustration essay:

• Clarity in Examples: Choose vivid, diverse examples that directly relate to your thesis for clarity and impact.
• Detailed Explanations: Provide in-depth explanations for each example to establish its relevance and support.
• Varied Examples: Utilize different types of examples (personal, historical, data-driven) to enrich your argument.
• Thesis Clarity: Ensure your thesis is clear and specific, guiding the selection and presentation of your examples.
• Transitions: Use smooth transitions between examples and paragraphs for a cohesive and logical flow.
• Engagement: Connect with the reader by making examples relatable and showing their relevance to real-life situations.
• Revision: Review and revise thoroughly for coherence, relevance, and effective illustration of your main point.

Wrapping Up!

We hope this guide has helped you understand the basics of writing an effective illustration essay. We have covered the purpose, types, and how to write an illustration essay step-by-step. 

By following our guidelines and tips, you can craft a compelling essay that effectively illustrates your point. Remember to choose a relevant topic, use vivid examples, and organize your essay properly. 

Looking for professional assistance with your illustration essay? Contact CollegeEssay.org today! Avail custom essay writing assistance 24/7 with all of your academic needs. 

Contact us now and experience the difference our AI essay writer can make!

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should an illustration essay be.

The length can vary, but a typical illustration essay is around 500-800 words, with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

How does an illustration essay differ from story writing?

In story writing, the focus is on narrative and plot development, often with characters and a storyline. Illustration essays, on the other hand, emphasize the use of examples to clarify and support a specific point.

Do all body paragraphs need examples in an illustration essay?

Yes, each body paragraph in an illustration essay should present a specific example that supports the thesis, providing detailed explanations and analysis.

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How To Write An Illustration Essay

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Writing an illustration essay requires you to have not only a very specific set of writing skills, but also a deep understanding of what is illustration essay and how to achieve success with this task. The professional writers of our top-rated essay writing service are ready to share how to write an illustration essay with you right now!

What Is an Illustration Essay?

According to the illustration essay definition , this kind of work is an explanation of the subject matter with the use of relevant examples. Before you learn how to create an interesting and engaging piece of work, you should know its specificity and its difference from other written tasks.

An illustration essay, also known as an exemplification paper, needs you to sum up empirical data, make an explanation, and provide supporting evidence. This is why it is often confused with compare and contrast essays and cause and effect essays. Instead of arguing a point, you need to demonstrate your all-around understanding of the topic by using sufficient examples.

Throughout the writing process, you should demonstrate a topic through the prism of associated details. This is how the reader can visualize the described person, situation, process, or event. Without the discussion of examples, an illustration essay won’t be complete.

Why Is an Illustration Essay Important?

Illustration essay writing is crucial for your personal academic development. It creates the necessary basis for dissertation and thesis writing in the future. While writing an illustration essay , you learn how to develop arguments based on thorough research and analysis. By illustrating different points in the academic format, you demonstrate your ability to deal with discussions. The significance of illustrations is determined by their value in an academic essay. Here are three types of illustrations to be used:

• The personal illustration can be taken from your personal background. For example, you can describe the situation that is taken from your personal background. In your essay, you will say how to deal with it.
• The traditional illustration is a generic example that can be addressed by many people on the particular topic. For example, the situation can be discussed as an average thing that might happen to everyone.
• The hypothetical illustration is an invented illustration. For example, you can cover the idea of circumstances under which this kind of situation might occur.

Whatever illustration you are about to use, you need to adjust it to your context. This way, you can provide the reader with the better understanding of the covered topic. Thus, illustrations are to be relevant to both your subject and your audience. You can sort out the evidence in terms of importance by moving from the least valuable to most valuable examples or from the most valuable to least valuable examples.

Illustration Essay Outline

How to write an illustration essay? Proving your point through different examples is not hard. When you choose a correct topic and conduct proper research, you make the content sound trustworthy and reliable. Similar to every academic piece of work, an illustration essay can be written in three stages. Here they are:

Introduction

The introduction paragraph aims to present the topic you are going to cover in an illustration essay. It is crucial to find a thesis that reflects your point of view. You need to point briefly why other people have different opinions from yours. You should be able to defend your thesis better than they can defend theirs.

If you decide to discuss social networks’ impact on your daily communication, you may refer to the personal background and scientific data. Before you integrate certain examples, you can make up some foundations first. Once you are done with it, you can highlight some key points to prove that the membership in the popular social network has really changed the way you communicate with other people. First, you can talk about the value of communication in social networks. Second, you can discuss the opportunity to get closer to your family and friends. Finally, you can explain how social networks help you in your studies or work. You can also take the opposite side by discussing the negative effects of social networks on human life. The final sentence of your introductory paragraph is the thesis statement, where you build up the foundation for your further discussion.

An average introduction involves five sentences. But it can be slightly smaller or bigger, depending on the general size of an illustration essay. While writing an introduction, you should include the following elements:

• Inform : Inform the reader about the selected topic.
• Notify : Notify the reader of background information about the topic.
• Translate : Translate the essay question by saying it in different words.
• Report : Report on your supporting points after you introduce the example.
• Outline : Outline the essay organization by using transition words, such as “firstly, secondly, thirdly.”

Body paragraphs

An average number of body paragraphs is three, although there can be some variations. Depending on how many ideas you want to cover, you can have more than three paragraphs involved. Each body paragraph should highlight a separate idea that addresses your thesis statement. Generally, paragraphs in the body section have two goals:

• Describe and define : You need to introduce your topic in a simple and clear way. The reader should gain the impression that you have a deep knowledge of the topic.
• Explain and exemplify : You need to provide as many examples as possible to address your topic.

Before you start writing the body paragraphs, you should introduce them first. For each paragraph, write down a topic sentence with an argument addressing your thesis. This is where you should mention all the support that includes factual data, examples, and other proofs. After you finish your initial research on the thesis, sort out the examples by priority. It will make your narration more structured. As a result, it won’t be difficult for the reader to understand your points of view.

Every example should be examined and defended in detail. This way, you will convince the audience of your thesis by using factual information and formal language. Some topics need additional investigation and collecting examples, while others will allow you to rely on your own personal experiences.

Throughout the writing process, you should remember who your target reader is. This will allow you to keep your text customized. Depending on the target reader, you will make the right accents, involve the right details, and collect the relevant examples in the text. With this information in mind, you will be able to describe the central points effectively.

Now that you have your topic properly covered in the body section, you need to create a striking conclusion. The last paragraph aims to sum up everything that has been mentioned in the previous parts of the illustration essay.

You may use the 5 C’s method to make your conclusion interesting and memorable for the reader. Ideally, you write one or two sentences per point. But some variations are acceptable.

• Close the loop : You need to connect the first and the last paragraph. This is why you will discuss the thesis statement through the prism of examples highlighted in the body section. This will make your essay look concise and cohesive.
• Conclude : You should make the final word on the issue. In other words, you can rephrase the thesis statement by using different words.
• Clarify : You should answer the essay question by using the examples from the body section.
• Concern : You should mention the party that might take responsibility for the issue.
• Consequences : You should introduce the possible effects of the covered issue.

The conclusion section is usually the shortest one in an illustration essay. It aims to mention the main points from the body paragraphs and prove their relevance to the reader. While this section is short, it is also important. In order to create a high-quality conclusion, think of it as the last impression the reader has! So, this section should be strongly worded.

While a research essay won’t be complete without references, an illustration essay can be used with and without them. If an illustration essay relies on your personal experiences, it won’t need external sources. If it relies on scientific data, the use of sources is inevitable.

Now that your illustration essay is finished, it needs to be edited properly. You should read it once or twice to check it for grammatical, structural, and contextual mistakes. Also, make sure that your essay is devoid of plagiarism. While there are some general rules for an illustration essay outline, your instructor may have some additional instructions for you. Make sure you read your assignment properly not to miss a crucial detail.

An illustration essay should be simple and clear. Otherwise, the reader won’t be able to understand what you are writing about. Complicated topics, massive paragraphs, and overwhelming information can hardly be suitable for an illustration essay.

How to Choose a Topic for an Illustration Essay?

If you struggle to create an excellent illustration essay, you have most likely chosen the wrong topic. It will turn the writing process into torture as you won’t know what to write about and how to write it. When you choose the right subject, you will move in the right direction from the very beginning. So, how can you make the right choice? Here are the instructions to be followed:

• Write about your personal interests. You should choose the topics for an illustration essay that correspond to your personal interests. While writing about something you are actually interested in, you become more enthusiastic about the whole creative process. Before you come up with the idea for writing, you should think of the topics you are passionate about.
• Focus on the topic simplicity. You should make sure that your topic is convenient for you. If you try to impress the instructor by choosing an overly complicated topic, you shouldn’t do this. Instead of demonstrating your writing skills, you will demonstrate your inability to create a worthy piece of content.
• Pay attention to the topic originality . When choosing a topic, you should focus on less common and less generic options. A unique topic has higher chances to catch the reader’s attention and earn you a higher score. Moreover, a unique topic will have more space for discussions, which is always interesting to read.
• Consider information availability on the topic. When writing an illustration essay, you need to dig deep into the examples and descriptions related to the topic. Before starting the actual writing process, you need to collect sufficient information. Therefore, it is much easier to cover the topic that is widely discussed in academic and scientific sources.
• Stick to essay writing guidelines . While choosing a topic, you should never forget about the initial instructions. If your professor asks you to write about a psychological disorder or discuss a philosophical dilemma, you should stick to this detail. Keep the topic manageable without making it too narrow or too wide.

Choosing the right illustration essay topics has always been a serious challenge, even for experienced writers. A successful topic should match the interests of the audience and have certain value in society. Here are some examples you may use:

• How can society support school victims of bullying?
• Customers are never wrong. Discuss this popular statement.
• Discuss the impact of Tick Tock and Instagram on the young generation.
• Describe the best ways to prepare for a college exam.
• Write a complete description of a student’s academic duties.

That being said, the variety of topics to discuss is huge. But instead of rushing with the final decision, you should take some time to check the catalogue of options. This is where you shouldn’t underestimate the value of research. With the adequate information on the subject matter, you won’t struggle to create a decent piece of writing.

Illustration Essay Examples

Taking a look at a professional illustration essay sample will let you understand this form of writing. Although you still need to proceed with your individual research, you won’t have to struggle with the right structure and format. Feel free to use the following examples as a reference when writing your own piece of work.

https://quillbot.com/courses/introduction-to-college-level-academic-writing/chapter/writing-for-success-illustrationexample/

Illustration Essay Writing Tips

Knowing how to put your illustration essay ideas together is important for doing a good job with your illustration essay. With the professional writing tips, you will be able to deliver an excellent result. Feel free to check some of them down there:

• Do some brainstorming . When you choose a topic or collect examples, you may do some brainstorming. The main point is that there are no bad ideas. When you have a particular idea, you should use every piece of mind. By writing down every idea in your head, you will gain a better understanding of what you want to write about. After all, your ideas build up bases for successful writing. So, if you think that you don’t have time for silly games, you are wrong. Instead of being a time-waster, a method of brainstorming turns out to be a time-saver for you.
• Avoid undebatable illustration topics . The importance of the topic choice has been mentioned before. So, you should write about something that is actually suitable for debates. You should be able to find sufficient information on the selected topic.
• Conduct a lot of research . Now that you know the topic of your essay, you should conduct thorough research to collect sufficient information. Even if your topic relies on your personal experiences, you should still analyze your background to extract the relevant examples. In other words, you need to find the authentic points that will support the topic.
• Rely on credible sources . Although most illustration essays are personable, some of them rely on factual information. This is why you should use respectable scientific and academic literature as a credible source of information. With unreliable sources, you increase your chances to lose some valuable points from your grade. The use of editable sources such as Wikipedia is also a bad idea since they can be edited by everyone. So, when you choose information for your illustration essay, you should double check its authenticity in advance.
• Filter out the information. If you spend a lot of time thinking about the topic, you probably have enough to say in your illustration essay. Of course, not all of them can make it into the final draft of your paper because they have a negative impact on the context. By choosing a few strongest examples, you can make your essay more convincing. This way, the final result will be interesting, engaging, and concise.
• Focus on the target audience . While you are writing an essay, you should always put yourself in the reader’s place. What information do you want to see in the essay? Is every example clear to you? Do you understand the descriptions that are in the essay? Answer the questions honestly before, during, and after the writing process.
• Make every example clear. Find examples to enable a better illustration of the selected topic. The stronger your evidence is, the more seriously the reader will consider your point. This is what will make your essay academically correct. By using strong words in your example, you will make each example sound convincing. Reading a paper that contains unclear pieces of information and mismatched conclusions will irritate the reader. The importance and urgency of the work will automatically become distant. Using evidence effectively can be a hard thing to do, though. Try to collect relevant examples to make sure that they are interrelated. Thus, the reader will never question the use or meaning of any illustrations you will include in your essay.
• Edit your paper before submitting it. Before you hand over your illustration essay to the instructor, you should make sure that it is grammatically, structurally, and contextually accurate. For this reason, check your essay more than once to eliminate all the imperfections.

Write My Illustration Essay for Me, Please!

As you can see, writing illustration essays is not such a complicated assignment. However, it may take time to set the balance between its descriptive nature and your personal experience. While you don’t have sufficient skills to perform this kind of work, you may use an illustration essay sample or just order an essay from professional writers. But it still can’t guarantee you an excellent result.

In a situation like this, you can send a “Write my illustration essay for me, please!” request to professional writers. You can find a lot of writing services that know everything about academic writing on the Internet. Regardless of what your academic level is, you will get exceptional and 100% unique content right on time!

Being aware of all the characteristics and peculiarities of illustration essays, our qualified and experienced essay service knows how to take this kind of challenge. For this reason, their professionalism can fulfill the requirements of the most complicated orders. If you are not ready for the illustration kind of work, entrust it to specialists. They will prove their proficiency to you!

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Illustration Essay

Last updated on: Apr 26, 2024

Quick Steps to Write a Great Illustration Essay

By: Dorothy M.

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Mar 22, 2023

Are you tired of boring, mundane essays that leave your reader snoozing? It's time to bring your writing to life with the power of illustration!

Well, no more! We'll be diving into the details of creating an exciting illustration essay, showing you how to add a creative flair and make your ideas truly pop. 

We'll cover everything from understanding the basics of illustration essay writing to giving you outlines and topics.

By the end of this guide, you'll have the tools you need to write engaging, visually-stunning essays that will leave the readers in awe. 

So, grab a pen and some paper, and let's get started on this illustration essay adventure!

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Illustration Essay Definition

“An illustration essay is a type of essay that uses vivid and specific examples to support or illustrate a thesis statement.” 

The purpose of an illustration essay is to explain or clarify a concept, idea, or argument by providing examples and evidence that help readers understand the topic in a deeper and more concrete way. 

Unlike other types of essays that rely mainly on textual evidence, illustration essays use examples, anecdotes, and personal experiences to demonstrate the writer's point. 

The goal of an illustration essay is not only to inform but also to engage the reader and create a clear and memorable picture of the topic being discussed.

How to Write an Illustration Essay?

Here is a step-by-step guide to writing a great illustration essay.

1. Choose a Topic

The first step to writing your illustration essay is finding a topic. Make sure you choose something that has plenty of material available for research online and will pique the interest of others reading it as well.

2. Conduct Some Research

By checking out the latest news, useful material, or sources you can develop a better understanding of the topic. It will also help you to explain the topic better.

3. Create an Outline

The first thing any potential writer should do is to create a rough outline. This way, the writing process will be much easier and allow for more creativity in crafting the message.

4. Write an Introduction

Knowing how to start an illustration essay the right way can make all the difference. 

This is the opening paragraph that typically contains 5 to 10 sentences. The number of sentences in the introduction depends on how complex a topic may be so it can range from five to ten (or even more).

In this introductory paragraph, you'll want to start with an attention-grabbing statement followed by some background information about your illustration essay's subject matter. The background could include historical events, current news, etc.

5. Write the Thesis Statement

An illustration essay thesis statement should be well-written and concise. An illustration essay should always have a well-written, concise thesis statement. This one sentence is your point of view when telling the story. Support the thesis statement through proper evidence and facts.

6. Body Paragraphs

The body section is the most extensive part of your essay, and it will be made up of 3 or more paragraphs. The first paragraph should introduce what you want to talk about. Each subsequent paragraph can have supporting details, examples, explanations, etc., but make sure they all flow together smoothly.

The body section in essays must contain at least three full paragraphs linked by a common theme. Each one should start with an intriguing introductory sentence before going into detail about how this point relates to your thesis statement.

Each paragraph should have adequate evidence to prove your point.

7. Conclusion

When it comes to writing an illustration essay, the conclusion is a critical section. It's the final opportunity to leave a lasting impression on your reader and to sum up your main ideas. 

To begin, it's important to reiterate your thesis statement and main points. Avoid introducing new information or ideas in the conclusion, as this can detract from the strength of your overall argument.

Next, consider the significance of your topic and the implications of your argument. Ask yourself, "So what?" and "Why does this matter?" This can help you to tie together your main points and make a final case for why your argument is important.

At last, you might consider offering a call to action or a final thought. Depending on your topic, this could be a recommendation for further research, a plea for action, or a reflection on the implications of your argument. This can help to leave a lasting impact on your reader and inspire them to think critically about the topic.

8. Proofread

The best way to make a paper perfect is by double-checking for grammar issues. Once you've completed the writing process, edit and proofread your essay so that it's free from any language mistakes.

Check out this illustration essay rubric to make proofreading easier and more effective!

Illustration Essay Outline

To write a strong essay, one should always start with an outline.

The following are the most commonly used outline for illustration essays.

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Transition Words for Illustration Essay

A professional writer uses transition phrases (such as firstly, secondly) that help readers follow along by connecting ideas together smoothly.

You should use these connectors when writing your own essays because they keep things tidy for you. Moreover, they ensure that whoever reads through your paper will have an easier time understanding how individual paragraphs fit into larger pieces.

• For example
• In other words
• To illustrate
• For instance
• With the result that
• As an illustration
• In particular
• Consequently
• For this reason
• Accordingly
• As a result

Free Illustration Essay Example

Example papers are a great way to learn about a specific writing style. You can look at some professionally written illustration essay examples to better understand the correct writing style and tone for your next great story.

For your help, we have also provided you with an interesting example of an illustration essay about family.

Check out these essay samples:

Illustration Essay About Family

Illustration Essay Examples pdf

Illustration Essay on Social Media

How to Write an Exemplification Illustration Essay

Good Illustration Essay Topics

Coming up with a good illustration essay idea is the key to creating an interesting essay. Choosing a topic is the key to writing an effective illustration essay. It should be something you know about and find interesting, but it also needs relevance in today's society.

Here are some possible topics for an illustration essay:

• Some useful studying habits for a high school and college student.
• How to revitalize your hometown?
• How to get proper exercise in college?
• How to create a non-profit organization work guide?
• Illustrate how to play disc golf.
• Describe life in a particular dorm on campus.
• Illustrate how to keep up good communication with your family?
• Explain the difference between good and bad studying techniques.
• Explain how to sell a product to a customer.
• Explain how a grocery store works.
• How to develop a good resume for college applications?
• Rugby vs. other sports: what is the difference?
• How to prepare for the first day on a sports team?

Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Writers!

Illustration Essay Writing Tips

Here are some tips that you can follow for writing a great illustration essay.

Choose a Topic That You Are Familiar With

When choosing a topic idea for your illustration essay, it is important to choose one that you are familiar with. This will make it easier for you to provide examples that illustrate your point. If you are not familiar with the topic, you may want to do some research to learn more about it.

Make a List of Examples

Once you have chosen a topic, make a list of examples that you can use to illustrate your point. These examples can be taken from your personal experience, current events, or from history. If you are having trouble coming up with examples, try brainstorming or doing a free write to get your ideas flowing.

Choose the Most Effective Example

Once you have a list of examples, take some time to consider which one will be the most effective in illustrating your point. The example should be clear and concise, and it should be something that your audience will be able to relate to. 

Check out this detailed video on how to write an illustration essay 

Write a Clear Thesis Statement

Knowing how to write a thesis for an illustration essay is essential. Your thesis statement is the main point of your essay, so it is important that it is clear and concise. The thesis statement should briefly state what you will be illustrating in the essay and why it is important.

Use Transitions Between Paragraphs

In order to keep your essay flowing smoothly, it is important to use transitions between paragraphs. Transitions help to create logical connections between ideas and make your argument easier to follow.

Want to make your essay more cohesive? Check out this list of transition words for essays to make your ideas flow!

Create a Vivid Description

In order to make your writing more engaging, it is important to create vivid descriptions of the examples that you are using. Use strong adjectives and sensory language to bring your examples to life.

To sum things, it's not always easy to write an interesting and creative illustration essay. There are a lot of minute details to keep note of. With this blog, we hope that you can write a convincing illustration essay.

However, if you feel stuck on what to write about or how best to organize your thoughts, we can help! 

MyPerfectPaper.net is a professional paper writing service that can help you with any type of writing task. We offer all sorts of writing services, including custom essay writing like illustration essays, narrative essays, etc.

So, to relieve the burden of writing, simply reach out and say, “ write my paper online ,” and our skilled team will handle the rest with professionalism and expertise.

For those on the lookout for a quicker solution, we'll solve your worries. Our essay generator is a robust tool trained to generate impactful essays in short time. Give it a shot today! 

Frequently Asked Questions

What three parts make up an illustration paragraph.

An illustration paragraph is much more than just the title of an article. It's made up of a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and then wrapping it all together with one last concluding line.

What's the difference between illustration and description?

The difference between description and illustration is that a description can be seen as an account or sketch of something in words, while illustrations are more graphic depictions. For example, you might describe the sound "hmm" but use drawings to illustrate it instead.

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Dorothy M. is an experienced freelance writer with over five years of experience in the field. She has a wide client base, and her customers keep returning to her because of her great personalized writing. Dorothy takes care to understand her clients' needs and writes content that engages them and impresses their instructors or readers.

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Learn How to Use Illustration in Rhetoric and Composition

The Art of Explaining, Clarifying, and Justifying a Point

• An Introduction to Punctuation
• Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
• M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
• B.A., English, State University of New York

In rhetoric and composition , the word "illustration" refers to an example  or  anecdote  that's used to explain, clarify, or justify a point. And the word "illustration," pronounced [IL-eh-STRAY-shun], is from the Latin Illustrationem , which means "vivid representation."

"In writing an illustration," says James A. Reinking, "we try to show readers something truthful about our understanding of the world. They wouldn't read what we have written if they suspected we were unusually careless in our thinking, or if they thought we were trying to deceive them by skewing our evidence or distorting our examples."

( Strategies for Successful Writing. 8th ed., 2007.)

Examples and Observations of Illustration

The Function of Illustration

"Illustration is the use of examples to make ideas more concrete and to make generalizations more specific and detailed . Examples enable writers not just to tell but to show what they mean. For example, an essay about recently developed alternative sources of energy becomes clear and interesting with the use of some examples—say, solar energy or the heat from the earth's core. The more specific the example, the more effective it is. Along with general statements about solar energy, the writer might offer several examples of how the home building industry is installing solar collectors instead of conventional hot water systems, or building solar greenhouses to replace conventional central heating."

(Rosa, Alfred and Paul Eschholz.  Models for Writers. St. Martin's Press, 1982.)

Joe Queenan's Illustrations: 'You Can't Fight City Hall'

​"Books, I think, are dead. You cannot fight the zeitgeist, and you cannot fight corporations. The genius of corporations is that they force you to make decisions about how you will live your life and then beguile you into thinking that it was all your choice. Compact discs are not superior to vinyl. E-readers are not superior to books. Lite beer is not the great leap forward. A society that replaces seven-tier wedding cakes with lo-fat cupcakes is a society that deserves to be put to the sword. But you can’t fight City Hall."

(Queenan, Joe. interviewed by John Williams in "‘Books, I Think, Are Dead’: Joe Queenan Talks About ‘One for the Books.’"  The New York Times , Nov. 30, 2012.)

Tom Destry Jr.'s Illustration: Stick to Your Own Trade

"Nobody's gonna set themselves up above the law around here, you understand? I got something to say to you. I think maybe I could illustrate it a little better if I told you a story. I used to have a friend that was an opry singer. Then he went into the cement business, and one day he fell into the cement. And now he's the cornerstone of the post office in St. Louis, Missouri. He should have stuck to his own trade. You better stick to yours."

(James Stewart as Tom Destry in the film Destry Rides Again , 1939.)

Don Murray's Illustration of Writers as Dawdlers

"Even the most productive writers are expert dawdlers, doers of unnecessary errands, seekers of interruptions—trials to their wives or husbands, associates, and themselves. They sharpen well-pointed pencils and go out to buy more blank paper, rearrange offices, wander through libraries and bookstores, chop wood, walk, drive, make unnecessary calls, nap, daydream, and try not 'consciously' to think about what they are going to write so they can think subconsciously about it."

(Murray, Donald M. "Write Before Writing."  The Essential Don Murray: Lessons from America's Greatest Writing Teacher, Heinemann, 2009.)

T.H. Huxley's Illustration of the Word 'Fish'

"If any one wants to exemplify the meaning of the word 'fish,' he cannot choose a better animal than a herring. The body, tapering to each end, is covered with thin, flexible scales, which are very easily rubbed off. The taper head, with its underhung jaw, is smooth and scaleless on the top; the large eye is partly covered by two folds of transparent skin, like eyelids—only immovable and with the slit between them vertical instead of horizontal; the cleft behind the gill cover is very wide, and, when the cover is raised, the large red gills which lie beneath it are freely exposed. The rounded back bears the single moderately long dorsal fin about its middle."

(Huxley, Thomas Henry. "The Herring." Lecture delivered at the National Fishery Exhibition, Norwich, April 21, 1881.)

Charles Darwin's Illustration: 'All True Classification Is Genealogical'

"It may be worthwhile to illustrate this view of classification, by taking the case of languages . If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken throughout the world; and if all extinct languages, and all intermediate and slowly changing dialects , were to be included, such an arrangement would be the only possible one. Yet it might be that some ancient languages had altered very little and had given rise to few new languages, whilst others (owing to the spreading and subsequent isolation and states of civilisation of the several races, descended from a common race) had altered much, and had given rise to many new languages and dialects. The various degrees of difference in the languages from the same stock, would have to be expressed by groups subordinate to groups; but the proper or even only possible arrangement would still be genealogical; and this would be strictly natural, as it would connect together all languages, extinct and modern, by the closest affinities, and would give the filiation and origin of each tongue."

(Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. 1859.)

• How to Use Exemplification in Writing
• What Is an Anecdote?
• Imitation in Rhetoric and Composition
• Understanding Organization in Composition and Speech
• Supporting Detail in Composition and Speech
• Exemplum in Rhetoric
• Audience Analysis in Speech and Composition
• Definition and Examples of Correctness in Language
• What Is Academese?
• Heuristics in Rhetoric and Composition
• Definition and Examples of Evaluation Essays
• What Is Rhetoric and Commonplace in English Grammar?
• Definition and Examples of a Transition in Composition
• What Is Composition? Definition, Types, and Examples
• Definition and Examples of Analysis in Composition
• What is Metadiscourse?

Illustration/Example

Kirk Fontenot

Student Learning Outcomes

• Characterize the purpose of the illustration/example essay
• Determine the best structure for the illustration/example essay
• Compose an illustration/example essay

Introduction to Illustration/Example

To illustrate means to show or demonstrate something clearly. An effective illustration essay clearly demonstrates and supports a point using examples and evidence . Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Illustration/example writing simply means using specific examples to illustrate your point. Every essay has a point called the thesis statement . The thesis statement is the point you’re trying to make, stated clearly in one sentence. The rest of the essay is all about proving that point using different types of evidence.

The key to illustration/example is to use specific examples. General statements don’t make much of an impact on our reader; in other words, they’re boring. No one wants to read a boring essay, so why would you want to write one?

When thinking of examples, don’t try to come up with examples that can apply to everyone and every situation; these are general (i.e., boring) examples. Instead, think of specific, personal, interesting, unique examples.

Here’s an example of general writing that we should avoid:

There’s nothing wrong with this writing grammatically, but it’s boring .

Compare this to more specific writing:

The second example is specific, personal, and more interesting. The writer names specific restaurants and specific foods.

Illustration/example is an important rhetorical mode because specific examples are always a great way to make an essay more interesting, no matter what the writing prompt. In fact, if a rough draft of an essay is ever too short, don’t ever add filler; instead, add specific examples to get to the right length.

To make an essay more interesting, we can add:

• Hypothetical examples that we make up
• Real-life specific examples from personal experience (when appropriate)
• Interesting examples that we read about

In this module, you will develop your skills in illustration/example writing.

The Purpose of Illustration in Writing

To illustrate means to show or demonstrate something clearly. An effective illustration essay, also known as an example essay, clearly demonstrates and supports a point through the use of evidence.

The controlling idea of an essay is called a thesis. A writer can use different types of evidence to support their thesis. Using scientific studies, experts in a particular field, statistics, historical events, current events, analogies, and personal anecdotes are all ways in which a writer can illustrate a thesis. Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Using evidence effectively can be challenging, though. The evidence you choose will usually depend on your subject and who your reader is (your audience). When writing an illustration essay, keep in mind the following:

• Use evidence that is appropriate to your topic as well as appropriate for your audience.
• Ask yourself: How much evidence do you need to adequately explain your point? Consider how complex your subject is and how much background your audience may already have.

For example, if you were writing about a new communication software and your audience was a group of English major undergrads, you might want to use an analogy or a personal story to illustrate how the software worked. You might also choose to add a few more pieces of evidence to make sure the audience understands your point.

However, if you were writing about the same subject and your audience members were information technology (IT) specialists, you would likely use more technical evidence because they would be familiar with the subject.

Keeping your audience in mind will increase your chances of effectively illustrating your point.

The Structure of an Illustration Essay

The controlling idea, or thesis, belongs at the beginning of the essay. Evidence is then presented in the essay’s body paragraphs to support the thesis. You can start supporting your main point with your strongest evidence first, or you can start with evidence of lesser importance and have the essay build to increasingly stronger evidence. This type of organization is called “order of importance.”

Transition words are also helpful in ordering the presentation of evidence. Words like first , second , third , currently , next , and finally all help orient the reader and sequence evidence clearly. Because an illustration essay uses so many examples, it is also helpful to have a list of words and phrases to present each piece of evidence. Certain transitional words and phrases aid in keeping the reader oriented in the sequencing of a story. Some of these phrases are listed here:

Phrases of Illustration

case in point       for example

for instance         in particular

in this case          one example/another example

specifically to illustrate

Vary the phrases of illustration you use. Do not rely on just one. Variety in choice of words and phrasing is critical when trying to keep readers engaged in your writing and your ideas.

Writing an Illustration Essay

First, decide on a topic that you feel interested in writing about. Then create an interesting introduction to engage the reader. The main point, or thesis, should be stated at the end of the introduction.

Gather evidence that is appropriate to both your subject and your audience. You can order the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important. Be sure to fully explain all of your examples using strong, clear supporting details.

Professional Illustration/Example Writing

In “April & Paris,” writer David Sedaris explores the unique impact of animals on the human psyche. Click on the link to view the essay “April & Paris” by David Sedaris or read it below.

April & Paris by David Sedaris

While watching TV one recent evening, I stumbled upon a nature program devoted to the subject of making nature programs. The cameraman’s job was to catch a bird of paradise in full display, so he dug himself a hole, covered it with branches, and sat inside it for three weeks. This was in New Guinea, where the people used to wear sexy loincloths but now stand around in T-shirts reading “I survived the 2002 IPC Corporate Challenge Weekend.” A villager might wear a pair of gym shorts and then add a fanny pack or a sun visor with the name of a riverboat casino stitched onto the brim. I suppose that these things came from a relief organization. Either that or a cruise ship went down and this was what had washed up onshore.

I’ll wager that quite a few sun visors found their way to Southeast Asia after the tsunami. One brutal news story after another, and it went on for weeks. The phone numbers of aid organizations would skitter across the bottom of the TV screen, and I recall thinking that if they wanted serious donations they ought to show a puppy. People I know, people who had never before contributed to charity, emptied their pockets when a cocker spaniel was shown standing on a rooftop after Hurricane Katrina hit, eight months later. “What choice did I have?” they asked. “That poor little thing looked into the camera and penetrated my very soul.”

The eyes of the stranded grandmother, I noted, were not half as piercing. There she was, clinging to a chimney with her bra strap showing, and all anyone did was wonder if she had a dog. “I’d hate to think there’s a Scotty in her house, maybe trapped on the first floor. What’s the number of that canine-rescue agency?”

Saying that this was everyone’s reaction is, of course, an exaggeration. There were cat people, too, and those whose hearts went out to the abandoned reptiles. The sight of an iguana sailing down the street on top of a refrigerator sent a herpetologist friend over the edge. “She seems to be saying, ‘Where’s my master?'” he speculated. “‘Here it is, time for our daily cuddle and I’m stuck on the S.S. Whirlpool!!'”

I’ve often heard that anthropomorphizing an animal is the worst injustice you can do to it. That said, I’m as guilty of it as anyone. In childhood stories, the snail might grab her purse and dash out the door to put money in the meter. The rabbit cries when the blue jay makes fun of her buckteeth. The mouse loves his sister but not that way. They’re just like us! we think.

Certain nature shows only add to this misconception, but that, to me, is why they’re so addictive. Take “Growing Up Camel,” a program my friend Ronnie and I watched one evening. It was set in a small, privately owned zoo somewhere in Massachusetts. The camel in question was named Patsy, and the narrator reminded us several times that she had been born on Super Bowl Sunday. While still an infant (the football stadium probably not even cleared yet), she was taken from her mother. Now she was practically grown, and the narrator announced a reunion: “Today Patsy has reached what may be the biggest milestone in her life—moving back in with her mom.”

In the next segment, the two were reintroduced, and the grumpy old mother chased her daughter around the pen. When the opportunity arose, she bit Patsy on the backside, and pretty hard, it seemed to me. This was the camels not getting along and it wasn’t too terribly different from the way they acted when they did get along.

When the next break approached, the narrator hooked us with “When we continue, a heartbreaking event that will change Patsy’s life forever.”

I’d have put my money on an amputated leg, but it turned out to be nothing that dramatic. What happened was that the mother got bone cancer and died. The veterinarian took it hard, but Patsy didn’t seem to care one way or another, and why would she, really? All her mom ever did was browbeat her and steal her food, so wasn’t she better off on her own?

The zookeepers worried that if Patsy were left alone she would forget how to be a camel, and so they imported some company, a male named Josh and his girlfriend, Josie, who were shipped in from Texas. The final shot was of the three of them, standing in the sunshine and serenely ignoring one another. Ronnie cleared her throat and said, “So that’s what became of the little camel who was born on Super Bowl Sunday.” She turned on the light and looked me in the face. “Are you crying?”

I told her I had an ash in my eye.

“Growing Up Camel” had its merits, but I think I prefer the more serious kind of nature show, the kind that follows its subject through the wild. This could be a forest, a puddle, or a human intestinal tract, it makes no difference. Show me a tiger or show me a tapeworm, and I’ll watch with equal intensity. In this sort of program we see the creature’s world reduced to its basic components: food, safety, and reproduction. It’s a constant chain of desperation and heartache, the gist being that life is hard, and then it ends violently. I know I should watch these things with an air of detachment, but time and again I forget myself. The show will run its course, and afterward I’ll lie on the sofa, shattered by the death of a doda or a guib, one of those four-letter antelope-type things which are forever turning up in my crossword puzzles.

Apart from leaving me spent and depressed, such programs remind me that I am rarely, if ever, alone. If there’s not an insect killing time on the ceiling, there’s surely a mite staring out from the bath towel, or a parasite resting on the banks of my bloodstream. I’m reminded, too, that, however repellent, each of these creatures is fascinating, and worthy of a miniseries.

This was a lesson I learned a few summers back, in Normandy. I was at my desk one afternoon writing a letter when I heard a faint buzzing sound, like a tiny car switching into a higher gear. Curious, I went to the window, and there, in a web, I saw what looked like an angry raisin. It was a trapped fly, and as I bent forward to get a closer look a spider rushed forth, and carried it screaming to a little woven encampment situated between the wall and the window casing. It was like watching someone you hate getting mugged: three seconds of hardcore violence, and when it was over you just wanted it to happen again.

It’s hard to recall having no working knowledge of the Tegenaria duellica, but that’s what I was back then—a greenhorn with a third-rate field guide. All I knew was that this was a spider, a big one, the shape of an unshelled peanut. In color it ranged from russet to dark brown, the shades alternating to form a mottled pattern on the abdomen. I later learned that the Tegenaria can live for up to two years, and that this was an adult female. At that moment, though, as I stood at the window with my mouth hanging open, all I recognized was a profound sense of wonder.

How had I spent so much time in that house and never realized what was going on around me? If the Tegenaria barked or went after my food, I might have picked up on them earlier, but, as it was, they were as quiet and unobtrusive as Amish farmers. Outside mating season, they pretty much stayed put, a far cry from the Carolina wolf spiders I grew up with. Those had been hunters rather than trappers. Big shaggy things the size of a baby’s hand, they roamed the basement of my parents’ house, and evoked from my sisters the prolonged, spine-tingling screams called for in movies when the mummy invades the delicate lady’s dressing room. “Kill it!” they’d yell, and then I’d hear a half-dozen shoes hitting the linoleum, followed by a world atlas or maybe a piano stool—whatever was heavy and close at hand.

I was put off by the wolf spiders as well, but never thought that they were out to get me. For starters, they didn’t seem that organized. Then, too, I figured they had their own lives to lead. This was an attitude I picked up from my father, who squashed nothing that was not directly related to him. “You girls,” he’d say, and no matter how big the thing was he’d scoot it onto a newspaper and release it outside. Come bedtime, I’d knock on my sisters’ door and predict that the spider was now crawling to the top of the house, where he’d take a short breather before heading down the chimney. “I read in the encyclopedia that this particular breed is known for its tracking ability, and that once they’ve pegged their victims almost nothing will stop them. Anyway, good night.”

My sisters would have been horrified by the house in Normandy, as would most people, probably. Even before I joined the American Arachnological Society, the place looked haunted, cobwebs sagging like campaign bunting from the rafters and curtain rods. If one was in my way, I’d knock it down. But that all changed when I discovered that first Tegenaria—April, I called her. After writing her name on an index card and taping it to the wall, I found my interest spreading to her neighbors. The window they lived in was like a tenement building, one household atop another, on either side of the frame. Above April was Marty, and then Curtis and Paula. Across the way were Linda, Russell, Big Chief Tommy, and a sexless little speck of a thing I decided to call Leslie. And this was just one window.

Seeing as I’d already broken the No. 1 rule of a good nature documentary —not to give names to your subjects—I went ahead and broke the next one, which was not to get involved in their lives. “Manipulating,” my boyfriend, Hugh, would call it, but, to my mind, that was a bit too mad scientist. Manipulating is cross-breeding, or setting up death matches with centipedes. What I was doing was simply called feeding.

No Tegenaria, or at least none that I’ve observed, wants anything to do with a dead insect, even a freshly dead one. A spider’s food needs to be alive and struggling, and because our house was overrun, and I had some time on my hands, I decided to help out. In my opinion, the best place to catch flies is against a windowpane. Something about the glass seems to confuse them, and they get even dopier when you come at them with an open jar. Once one was in, I’d screw on the lid and act like I was shaking a cocktail. The little body would slam against the sides, and, as Hugh went progressively Gandhi on me, I’d remind him that these were pests, disease carriers who feasted upon the dead, and then came indoors to dance on our silverware. “I mean, come on,” I said. “You can’t feel sorry for everything.”

The Tegenaria build what I soon learned to call “horizontal sheet webs”—dense trampoline-like structures that are most often triangular, and range in size from that of a folded handkerchief to that of a placemat. Once my prey was good and woozy, I’d unscrew the lid, and tip the jar toward the waiting spider. The fly would drop, and, after lying still for a moment or two, it would begin to twitch and rouse itself, a cartoon drunk coming to after a long night. “What the fuck…?” I imagined it saying. Then it would notice the wings and foreheads of earlier victims. “I’ve got to get out of here.” A whisper of footsteps off in the distance, and just as the fly tasted futility, the monster was upon it.

“And cut!” I would yell.

Watching this spectacle became addictive, and so, in turn, did catching flies. There were days when I’d throw a good three dozen of them to their deaths—this at the expense of everything else I was supposed to be doing. As the spiders moved from healthy to obese, their feet tore holes in their webs. Running became a chore, and I think their legs started chafing. By this point, there was no denying my emotional attachment. There were nights that first summer when I’d get out of bed at 3 A.M. and wander into my office with a flashlight. Everyone would be wide-awake, but it was always April that I singled out. If I thought about her a hundred times a day, it seemed only fair that she thought about me as well. My name, my face: I didn’t expect these things to register, but, in the way that a body feels the warmth of the sun, I fully imagined that she sensed my presence, and missed it when I was away.

“That’s all right,” I’d tell her. “It’s only me.” Often, I’d take out my magnifying glass and stare into the chaos that was her face.

Most people would have found it grotesque, but when you’re in love nothing is so abstract or horrible that it can’t be thought of as cute. It slayed me that she had eight eyes, and that none of them seemed to do her any good. They were more like decoration, really, a splay of beads crowded above her chelicerae. These were what she used to grip her prey, and if you looked at her the right way you could see them as a pair of enormous buckteeth. This made her appear goofy rather than scary, though I’d never have said so in her presence. For a Tegenaria, she was quite attractive, and I was glad to see that Principal Hodges shared my view. He was a freshly molted adult male who travelled from the other side of the room and spent six days inside her inner sanctum. Why Marty or Curtis or Big Chief Tommy didn’t mate with April is a mystery, and I put it on a list beside other nagging questions, such as “What was Jesus like as a teen-ager?” and “Why is it you never see a baby squirrel?”

As the summer progressed, so did the mysteries. Spiders relocated, both male and female, and I started noticing a lot of spare parts—a forsaken leg or palp lying in a web that used to belong to Paula or Philip or the Right Reverend Karen. Someone new would move in, and, as soon as I tacked up a fresh name card, he or she would vacate without notice. What had once seemed like a fine neighborhood quickly became a dangerous one, the tenants all thuggish and transitory. Maybe April was more respected than anyone else in her window unit. Maybe her enemies knew that she was being watched, but, for whatever reason, she was one of the few Tegenaria that managed to stay put and survive. In mid-September, Hugh and I returned to the city and, at the last minute, I decided to buy a plastic terrarium and to take her with me. The “April in Paris” business didn’t occur to me until we were on the train, and I held her container against the window, saying, “Look, the Eiffel Tower!”

Funny the details that slip your notice until it’s too late. The fact, for instance, that we don’t really have flies in Paris, at least not in our apartment. Back in Normandy, catching prey had been a breeze. I could do it barefoot and in my pajamas, but now I was forced to go outside and lurk around the trash cans in the Luxembourg Gardens. Someone would toss in a disposable diaper and I’d stand a few feet from the bin, and wait for the scent to be picked up. Then there’d be the sneak attack, the clattering jar, the little spell of cursing and foot stomping. Had the flies been gathered on a windowpane, I would have enjoyed the last laugh, but out in the open, and with an audience of French people noting my every failure, my beautiful hobby became a chore.

I’d been telling myself for months that April needed me, though of course she didn’t. An adequate amount of prey stumbled into her web and she caught it quite capably on her own—in Normandy, anyway. Now, though, trapped inside a terrarium in a fourth-floor apartment, she honestly did need me, and the responsibility weighed a ton. Tegenaria can go without eating for three months, but whenever I returned home empty-handed I could feel her little spider judgement seeping from the plastic box. The face that had once seemed goofy was now haughty and expectant. “Hmm,” I imagined her saying. “I guess I had you figured all wrong.”

In early October, the weather turned cool. Then the rains came and, overnight, every fly in Paris packed up and left town. April hadn’t eaten in more than a week when, just by chance, I happened upon a pet store and learned that it sold live crickets, blunt little black ones that looked like bolts with legs. I bought a chirping boxful and felt very proud of myself until the next morning, when I learned something that no nature show ever told me: crickets stink. They reek. Rather than dirty diapers or spoiled meat—something definite you can put your finger on—they smell like an inclination: cruelty, maybe, or hatred.

No amount of incense or air freshener could diminish the stench. Any attempt only made it worse, and it was this more than anything that led me back to Normandy. April and I took the train in late October, and I released her into her old home. I guess I thought that she would move back in, but in our absence her web had fallen to ruin. One corner had come unmoored and its ragged, fly-speckled edge drooped like a filthy petticoat onto the window ledge. “I’m pretty sure it can be fixed,” I told her, but before I could elaborate, or even say goodbye, she took off running. And I never saw her again.

There have been other Tegenaria since then, a new population every summer, and though I still feed them and monitor their comings and goings, it’s with a growing but not unpleasant distance, an understanding that spiders, unlike mammals, do only what they’re supposed to do. Whatever drives the likes of April is private and severe, and my attempts to humanize it only moved me further from its majesty. I still can’t resist the fly catching, but in terms of naming and relocating I’ve backed off considerably, though Hugh would say not enough.

I suppose there’s a place in everyone’s heart that’s reserved for another species. My own is covered in cobwebs rather than dog or cat hair, and, because of this, people assume it doesn’t exist. It does, though, and I felt it ache when Katrina hit. The TV was on, the grandmother signalled from her rooftop, and I found myself wondering, with something akin to panic, if there were any spiders in her house.

Discussion Questions (Part I & Part II)

• What is the author’s primary thesis or theme? In other words, what is the point Sedaris is making?
• List some specific examples provided by the author to illustrate the point.
• Does the essay use “multiple” examples (a series of brief examples to illustrate or assert the thesis) or “extended” examples (longer examples explained through multiple sentences or paragraphs)?

This essay also connects back to the previous chapter on d efinition . Remember, definition is a rhetorical mode that explains or defines an unfamiliar term in such a way that your audience can gain a clearer understanding.

Go back to the essay and look for the term “anthropomorphizing.”

• Based on context clues, what does the term mean?
• How does the writer’s use of specific examples contribute to the definition?
• List examples of denotation (the literal meaning) and connotation (the feeling or attitude) of the term.

Student Illustration/Example Writing

Letter to the city.

To: Lakeview Department of Transportation

From: A Concerned Citizen

The intersection of Central Avenue and Lake Street is dangerous and demands immediate consideration for the installation of a controlling mechanism. I have lived in Lakeview my entire life, and during that time I have witnessed too many accidents and close calls at that intersection. I would like the Department of Transportation to answer this question: how many lives have to be lost on the corner of Central Avenue and Lake Street before a street light or stop sign is placed there?

Over the past twenty years, the population of Lakeview has increased dramatically. This population growth has put tremendous pressure on the city’s roadways, especially Central Avenue and its intersecting streets. At the intersection of Central Avenue and Lake Street it is easy to see how serious this problem is. For example, when I try to cross Central Avenue as a pedestrian, I frequently wait over ten minutes for the cars to clear, and even then I must rush to the median. I will then have to continue to wait until I can finally run to the other side of the street. On one hand, even as a physically fit adult, I can run only with significant effort and care. Expecting a senior citizen or a child to cross this street, on the other hand, is extremely dangerous and irresponsible. Does the city have any plans to do anything about this?

Recent data show that the intersection of Central Avenue and Lake Street has been especially dangerous. According to the city’s own statistics, three fatalities occurred at that intersection in the past year alone. Over the past five years, the intersection witnessed fourteen car accidents, five of which were fatal. These numbers officially qualify the intersection as the most fatal and dangerous in the entire state. It should go without saying that fatalities and accidents are not the clearest way of measuring the severity of this situation because for each accident that happens, countless other close calls never contribute to city data. I hope you will agree that these numbers alone are sufficient evidence that the intersection at Central Avenue and Lake Street is hazardous and demands immediate attention.

Nearly all accidents mentioned are caused by vehicles trying to cross Central Avenue while driving on Lake Street. I think the City of Lakeview should consider placing a traffic light there to control the traffic going both ways. While I do not have access to any resources or data that can show precisely how much a traffic light can improve the intersection, I think you will agree that a controlled busy intersection is much safer than an uncontrolled one. Therefore, at a minimum, the city must consider making the intersection a four-way stop.

Each day that goes by without attention to this issue is a lost opportunity to save lives and make the community a safer, more enjoyable place to live. Because the safety of citizens is the priority of every government, I can only expect that the Department of Transportation and the City of Lakeview will act on this matter immediately. For the safety and well-being of Lakeview citizens, please do not let bureaucracy or money impede this urgent project.

A Concerned Citizen

Discussion Questions

• What is the thesis of the essay? Where is it found?
• List one specific example that the writer cites to illustrate their point.
• Do the examples used in the essay successfully illustrate the point the writer is making?
• Point out (a) a personal example and (b) an example found through research in this essay.
• Describe a hypothetical example that you could add to the writer’s letter that would further illustrate the point.

Think back to a time when you won an argument by providing a specific example to prove your point. Use freewriting to describe that argument and the example you cited, then write a brief outline of an illustration/example essay. 

• Illustration
• Thesis statement
• Transition words
• An illustration essay clearly explains a main point using evidence.
• When choosing evidence, always gauge whether the evidence is appropriate for the subject as well as the audience.
• Organize the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important.
• Use time transitions to order evidence.
• Use phrases of illustration to call out examples.

Reflective Response

Now that you have read the chapter and written an illustration/example essay, describe ways in which using specific examples can be valuable in personal, academic, and professional writing. 

Additional Chapter Sources

“April and Paris” by David Sedaris appeared in the March 24, 2008, issue of The New Yorker . All rights reserved.

To show or demonstrate something clearly

An essay which clearly demonstrates and supports a point using examples and evidence

Available facts or information

The Thesis Statement expresses the overall point and main ideas that will be discussed in the body. It usually appears as the last sentence of the introduction and is usually one sentence.

Transition words and phrases are used to link together different ideas in your text.

The literal and explicit definition of a word

The feelings or attitudes that make up the extended definition of a word

Illustration/Example Copyright © 2022 by Kirk Fontenot is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write an Illustrative Essay to Get an A+ Grade

Many students struggle to write a college essay , but they are even more confused when the time comes to craft an illustrative essay. What the heck is it?

Unlike traditional college papers, illustrative essays are highly specific because they need to follow a carefully established logic and structure. It’s a kind of paper that forces students to support every statement with indisputable evidence, which is a real challenge for young scholars. 

But you shouldn’t fall into despair as we are here to help you learn how to write an illustrative essay to get an A+ grade. Let’s take a look!

What Is an Illustrative Essay?

Before we begin discussing the basics of illustrative essays, we need to explain what it really means. By definition, an illustration is an example or instance that helps make something clear.

This is exactly the purpose of an illustrative essay — to present a given topic in a way that makes it look perfectly clear, logical, and understandable. This type of college paper is also known as an “example essay” because you ought to use real-life examples to support your claims.

What seems to be the point of an illustrative essay? 

Most of the time, students write illustrative essays because they need to prepare their future thesis. During this process, they learn how to research a given topic, collect useful information, and establish correlations between theoretical and practical concepts. This is the core of the best essay writing that will help you with the forthcoming college papers.

Jake Gardner, an essay writer at Dissertation Today , explains that a well-written illustrative essay contains certain characteristics that make it stand out among underperforming papers. Here are some of the most important features:

• Clear and concise style: Essays are short forms that require a clear and actionable tone. You should avoid passive phrases and focus on stating your message directly. 
• Data-driven writing: Evidence is at the root of everything. You cannot craft a meaningful illustrative essay without proven facts and examples.
• Fresh points of view: Of course, one of your main goals should be to write an illustrative paper that provides readers with fresh points of view. 

The Structure of an Illustrative Essay

Typical illustrative essays are relatively short, so try to keep it at three pages unless your mentor says otherwise. However, word count is not the only thing you need to worry about here as it’s also important to stick to the usual format of an illustrative essay.

Generally speaking, illustrative essays follow the traditional structure with a clearly defined introduction, a body part, and a solid conclusion. Let’s see how it works in practice:

Introduction

The opening chapter of your essay is where you present the controlling idea of your work, also known as the thesis. It should give readers a brief overview of your paper and help them figure out the purpose of your essay. 

As always, the body part of your essay is its main component. Your job is to design it cleverly because it’s the only way to prove your point and support the thesis. The body part is where you have to display evidence in order to solidify theoretical arguments. 

There are two basic solutions here, and they differ by the order of importance. The first option is to present the most impressive evidence in the beginning and then move on to the less relevant arguments. On the other hand, you can start slowly and improve gradually by presenting the strongest evidence later. 

Another thing you should keep in mind is that illustrative essays contain at least three or four examples, so you’ll need to make smooth transitions from one point to another. Do it with the so-called transition words as they make it easier to present your claims smoothly and naturally. The most common transition words and phrases are:

• For example
• For instance
• In particular
• Firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. 
• Besides that

The last chapter is where you repeat the main thesis and make a summary of all statements from the body part. 

6 Tips for Writing a Perfect illustrative Essay

With everything you’ve seen so far, the only thing left to learn is how to write an illustrative essay. Here’s a list of six practical tips for you.

1. Select a topic

The first thing you need to do is to choose a good topic that really matters to you and your readers. This is often something that bothers young scholars — some sort of problem or common social issue. 

2. Start your research

This is probably the most important stage of illustrative essay creation as you’ll have to collect enough evidence to support the thesis. There are all sorts of information resources to consider, including books, websites, newspapers, quotes, public reports, and many more.

3. Create an outline

Now you need to craft a nice outline that gives you a clear overview of the paper. You should come up with a convincing thesis and then try to note as many arguments as possible in the body section. 

4. Write your illustrative essay

With everything you’ve done so far, writing a great illustrative essay should not be a problem. All it takes is to turn your main ideas into short paragraphs and augment each one with the corresponding evidence.

5. Check the paper for spelling and grammar errors

No matter how eloquent or well-designed your essay might be, it won’t earn the highest grade with spelling and grammar mistakes. Always use a tool such as Grammarly , Assignment Help , or Hemingway to proofread the document. 

6. Check your paper once again

Before sending the document, you should read it once again and try to identify possible shortcomings. That way, you can make corrections before sending the final version.

The Bottom Line

Writing an illustrative essay is not easy, but the task is much simpler if you strictly follow the fundamental principles. We showed you how to write an illustrative essay in a few practical steps, but now it’s up to you to prove your research skills and earn that much-needed A+ grade. Good luck!

Piter Bunn is a blogger and essay writer at EssayShark and many other dissertation services. Piter comes from Virginia, where he completed graduate studies in French literature. He is the father of two kids and a passionate traveler.

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Module 4: Writing in College

Illustration, learning objectives.

• Describe techniques for illustrating a point

Illustration is a rhetorical style that uses examples to support the thesis or main idea of a paragraph or essay. Don’t be confused by the word “illustration” as the use of pictures or media. Illustration is most often used at the paragraph level to help support a point, but you may also encounter illustration essays of various types in your college courses.

Figure 1 . More often than not, the style of illustration is used at the paragraph level of essay writing.

In an illustration essay or a paragraph that employs illustration, your focus is on using examples that are relevant and strong to your argument and appropriate for your audience.

The point of any illustration assignment is for the writer to assert an overall observation and back up that assertion with evidence-based examples. Like other rhetorical modes, it can be simply informative—providing a neutral presentation of information for readers to use to draw their own conclusions, or it can be argumentative—providing a stance or point of view on the topic. The key to organizing the overall essay is to decide on categories of main ideas that are needed to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.

An Illustrative Thesis

The thesis statement for an illustration essay should convey the main point and suggest why further clarification or development of a deeper understanding of the topic is necessary or important.

• The over-reliance on social media and texting has created an environment where people feel comfortable sharing critical feelings they would have previously kept to themselves.
• Movies rely on excessive gore and violence to entertain audiences which may explain why book adaptations are more violent than the original text.
• If money is no object, then a vacation to the Kanaapali Shores Beach Resort will satisfy a tourist’s paradise dream.

Using scientific studies, experts in a particular field, statistics, historical events, current events, analogies, and personal anecdotes are all ways in which a writer can illustrate a thesis. Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Using evidence effectively can be challenging, though. The evidence you choose will usually depend on your subject and who your reader is (your audience). When writing an illustration essay, keep in mind the following:

• Use evidence that is appropriate to your topic as well as appropriate for your audience.
• Assess how much evidence you need to adequately explain your point depending on the complexity of the subject and the knowledge of your audience regarding that subject.

For example, if you are writing about a new communication software and your audience is a group of English-major undergrads, you might want to use an analogy or a personal story to illustrate how the software works. However, if you are writing about the same subject and your audience members are information technology (IT) specialists, your personal experience is less likely to be an effective illustration. Instead, you need to use more technical evidence because your audience has more familiarity with and greater knowledge of the subject.

Keeping your subject matter in mind in relation to your audience will increase your chances of effectively illustrating your point. Be careful not to overexplain simple concepts that your readers are already familiar with—you don’t want to insult their intelligence! Instead of more explanation, consider using an example.

Organizing an Illustration

The organization of an illustration essay depends on the purpose of the essay and requires a clear rationale for why the examples apply as an illustration of a concept. When pulling in examples, you may rely on words or phrases such as: for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, or specifically. 

Typically in a single supporting paragraph, a writer uses a topic sentence to designate the main idea followed by primary and secondary support structure. In a full essay devoted to illustration, primary supports are the main ideas to support a topic sentence, and secondary supports are the examples and details to provide the concrete information to complete the writer’s point.

Illustration Essay Outline

Introduction and Thesis:

• Purpose of Illustration: To demonstrate how a vacation at the Kanaapali Shores Beach Club Resort is enjoyable and affordable.

Primary support 1: The hotel amenities

• Secondary supporting details: the room, the bed, the bathroom, the kitchenette, the view, the concierge services

Primary support 2: The restaurants

• Secondary supporting details: the variety of food, the quality of food, the service, the ambiance

Primary support 3: The beach and activities

• Secondary supporting details: the beauty of the sand, sky, and water; sunbathing, snorkeling, windsurfing

Primary support 4: The cost

• Secondary supporting details: the price of the room per night, the prices of meals, the price of activities/entertainment

SAMPLE Illustration Essay

Now that you have had the chance to learn about illustration essays, it’s time to see one in practice. Here you’ll see a traditional or typical sample illustration essay from a beginning writing class. In this assignment, the student was asked to write an essay using illustration to make his points, to follow APA guidelines, and to use at least two sources.

• Organizing an Illustration. Authored by : Marianne Botos, Lynn McClelland, Stephanie Polliard, Pamela Osback . Located at : https://pvccenglish.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/eng-101-inside-pages-proof2-no-pro.pdf . Project : Horse of a Different Color: English Composition and Rhetoric . License : CC BY: Attribution
• Illustration Essay. Provided by : Excelsior College Online Writing Lab. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/rhetorical-styles/illustration-essay/ . License : CC BY: Attribution

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Putting the Spotlight on Spot Illustrations

Small sketches that appear on the top of Page A3 of the newspaper provide a daily dose of delight.

By Vinnie Neuberg

Vinnie Neuberg, the art director for Inside The Times, oversees the art, layout and photo selection for Pages A2 and A3 of the newspaper. He’s also an illustrator and musician.

Times Insider explains who we are and what we do and delivers behind-the-scenes insights into how our journalism comes together.

As the art director of the Inside the Times section, one of my duties every month is hiring an artist to draw a series of small illustrations that appear daily on the top of Page A3.

The illustrations don’t pair with articles, so aside from fixed size limitations, the only stipulation is that each “spot,” or small, free-floating illustration, features a newspaper in some way. Sometimes wholesome, often witty and whimsical and occasionally wacky (in the best kind of way), the spots inject personality into the page. Usually, the artist brings in a theme — vegetables reading the paper, characters made of thumbprints — that ties the monthlong series together. No matter the concept, the spots offer special moments of surprise and delight for our readers.

We introduced the spot illustration in early 2017, when Pages A2 and A3, which previously acted as a table of contents, became a destination for readers to learn about our journalism. (We refreshed the spread again in 2022.) The first illustration, by Leon Edler, showed a person walking into a gust of wind, his hat flying off, his umbrella turning inside out and a newspaper blowing over his face.

For much of the first year of the new pages, the artist Jason Polan provided the illustrations. His distinctive, intuitive line drawings included slice-of-life scenes and more silly spots, like a newspaper obscured by a quadruple-decker hamburger. Mr. Polan, who died at 37 in 2020, set the tone for what was possible with the space.

Since 2018, we’ve hired a new illustrator every month, and each brings a distinct style. For example: In March 2023, John Broadley depicted moments from history; that June, during Gizem Vural’s tenure, expressionistic cats played at the top of the page; and last August, Jonathan Djob Nkondo ushered in an abstract, geometric style.

When considering illustrators for the job, I look for someone whose style can provide contrast from that of the previous month’s artist. I typically reach out to an artist two to four weeks in advance. I’ll ask that the artist pitch a theme and hope that it’s robust enough to be extended over a series of 30 or so drawings.

Bahij Jaroudi, who did last month’s spot illustrations, used fine and frantic line work to create a series of humorous characters. So this month, I wanted to feature an artist whose style was darker and bolder.

Since the spots do not respond to any text and don’t need to solve any conceptual problem, the editing process tends to be lighter than that of the larger illustrations that appear on our pages. The artist submits rough sketches, and unless the content is inappropriate, I generally keep my notes to a minimum. The spot illustrations are small, so one area I’m particularly concerned with is legibility.

I like to think of the spot series as a showcase of the artists themselves, and everyone interprets the assignment in their own way. There have been more than 2,500 spots, and yet each one has managed to bring something new.

It’s a rare opportunity for an artist to have so much creative freedom. In June 2021, I got the chance to do a series myself, and learned firsthand how challenging, yet creatively fulfilling, drawing 30 little illustrations could be.

Now as the art director of Inside the Times, one of my favorite parts of the job is sharing that experience with other illustrators.

This Month’s Illustrator Explains Her Process

• This month's A3 spot illustrator is Sophy Hollington. Sophy Hollington
• Sophy Hollington carved her spot illustrations into linoleum. Sophy Hollington
• Each illustration in her monthlong series took about 20 minutes to carve. Sophy Hollington
• After carving illustrations into a block of linoleum, she rolled ink onto the block. Sophy Hollington
• Then she pressed paper onto the ink-covered block, transferring the spots onto the page. Sophy Hollington

This month’s spot illustrator is Sophy Hollington, an artist from Brighton, England. After sketching her ideas on an iPad, Sophy creates her illustrations through a relief printmaking process called linocut. She carves her scenes in linoleum blocks, then applies a coat of ink to the block. Next, she presses a sheet of paper on the block, transferring the image to the page. I asked Sophy to shed light on her process. Our edited email exchange follows.

How long does it take you to complete a single spot illustration?

To carve one spot illustration in this series took about 20 minutes. Printing and scanning takes about 30 minutes, including getting out and putting away all the required gear. Editing takes about 5 minutes.

Why is it important to you to work this way, as opposed to achieving something similar digitally?

It’s something I’m always reckoning with to be honest … as it is a limiting and time-consuming process that feels more so as digital technology progresses. However, whenever I’ve tried other media, I find I’m not able to recreate the beautiful irregularity that this kind of printmaking creates. I think the limitations of using a medium like this also force my brain to work that much harder to figure out how to represent certain objects and portray scenes or narratives in a way that feel clear and concise. Put simply, it has completely shaped the visual language I use, and I get a huge sense of satisfaction from using an analog medium. I love that all of my work exists in the real world as both a carved object and a print.

What was the inspiration for your series?

I wanted to take the paper out of the domestic, everyday setting and in to another, slightly spooky and archaic world that also felt familiar and humorous.

You already impose several limitations on your work. Was incorporating the newspaper a welcome addition? Was there anything you found challenging about it?

I felt quite intimidated at the prospect of carving so many newspapers, which are honestly one of my least favorite things to represent in lino (fiddly, foldy, small lines etc.). Saying that, it got a lot easier as I progressed, and I really enjoyed the challenge of trying to find more unusual ways for the paper to be interacting with the illustration. Given that the rest of the spot could be about anything at all, it actually felt like one of the more liberating commissions I’ve ever worked on.

The New Rules of Political Journalism

In this election, the reporting strategies of the past will not be enough.

This is an edition of The Atlantic Daily, a newsletter that guides you through the biggest stories of the day, helps you discover new ideas, and recommends the best in culture. Sign up for it here.

In our digitally chaotic world, relying on the election-reporting strategies of the past is like bringing the rules of chess to the Thunderdome.

First, here are three new stories from The Atlantic :

• The October 7 rape denialists
• Finding justice in Palestine
• Biden’s safe, polite campaign stop in Scranton

This past weekend, I was on a panel at the annual conference of the International Symposium on Online Journalism, in beautiful downtown Austin. Several journalists discussed the question: Are we going to get it right this time? Have the media learned their lessons, and are journalists ready for the vertiginous slog of the 2024 campaign?

My answer: only if we realize how profoundly the rules of the game have changed.

Lest we need reminding, this year’s election features a candidate who incited an insurrection, called for terminating sections of the Constitution, was found liable for what a federal judge says was “rape” as it is commonly understood, faces 88 felony charges, and—I’m tempted to add “etcetera” here, but that’s the problem, isn’t it? The volume and enormity of it all is impossible to take in.

The man is neither a riddle nor an enigma. He lays it all out there: his fawning over the world’s authoritarians, his threats to abandon our allies, his contempt for the rule of law, his intention to use the federal government as an instrument of retribution . Journalists must be careful not to give in to what Brian Klaas has called the “ Banality of Crazy .” As I’ve written in the past, there have been so many outrages and so many assaults on decency that it’s easy to become numbed by the cascade of awfulness.

The former White House communications director Dan Pfeiffer points out a recent example in his newsletter: On a radio show earlier this month, Donald Trump bizarrely suggested that Joe Biden was high on cocaine when he delivered his energetic State of the Union address. It was a startling moment, yet several major national media outlets did not cover the story.

And when Trump called for the execution of General Mark Milley, it didn’t have nearly the explosive effect it should have. “I had expected every website and all the cable news shows to lead with a story about Trump demanding the execution of the highest military officer in the country,” this magazine’s editor in chief, Jeffrey Goldberg, told The Washington Post . “If Barack Obama or George W. Bush had done so, I’m sure [the news media] would have been all over it.” (Trump’s threats against Milley came after The Atlantic published a profile of Milley by Goldberg.)

In our digitally chaotic world, relying on the reporting strategies of the past is like bringing the rules of chess to the Thunderdome. There has, of course, been some progress. The major cable networks no longer carry Trump’s rallies live without context, but they still broadcast town-hall meetings and interviews with the former president, which boost ratings. NBC’s abortive decision to hire Ronna McDaniel, a former chair of the Republican National Committee, as a contributor, despite her role in spreading lies about the 2020 election, highlighted the disconnect between this moment and much of the national media.

And then there is the internet. It is certainly possible that richer, more insightful media will emerge from the digital revolution, but we’re obviously not there now. Back in 2016, we worried that social media had become a vector for disinformation and bigotry, but since then, we’ve seen Elon Musk’s extraordinary enshittification of X. In 2016, we worried (too late) about foreign interference and bots. In 2024, we are going to have to contend with deepfakes created by AI.

This year will see some of the best journalism of our lifetime. (You’ll find much of it here in The Atlantic .) But because both the media and their audiences are badly fractured, much of that reporting is siloed off from the voters who need it most. Because millions of Americans are locked in information bubbles, half of the country either won’t see important journalism about the dangers of a second Trump term or won’t believe it.

As Paul Farhi notes in The Atlantic , MAGA-friendly websites have experienced massive drops in traffic, but social media continues to thrive on negativity and providing dopamine hits of anger and fear. And of distraction—last week, the most-liked videos on TikTok about the presidential race included a video of a man singing to Biden and Trump’s visit to a Chick-fil-A .

To put it mildly, the arc of social media does not bend toward Edward R. Murrow–style journalism.

So what’s to be done? I don’t have any easy answers, because I don’t think they exist. Getting it right this time does not mean that journalists need to pull their punches in covering Biden or become slavish defenders of his administration’s policies. In fact, that would only make matters worse. But perhaps we could start with some modest proposals.

First, we should redefine newsworthy . Klaas argues that journalists need to emphasize the magnitude rather than simply the novelty of political events. Trump’s ongoing attacks on democracy may not be new, but they define the stakes of 2024. So although live coverage of Trump rallies without any accompanying analysis remains a spectacularly bad idea, it’s important to neither ignore nor mute the dark message that Trump delivers at every event. As a recent headline in The Guardian put it, “Trump’s Bizarre, Vindictive Incoherence Has to Be Heard in Full to Be Believed.”

Why not relentlessly emphasize the truth, and publish more fact-checked transcripts that highlight his wilder and more unhinged rants? (Emphasizing magnitude is, of course, a tremendous challenge for journalists when the amplification mechanisms of the modern web—that is, social-media algorithms—are set by companies that have proved to be hostile to the distribution of information from reputable news outlets.)

The media challenge will be to emphasize the abnormality of Donald Trump without succumbing to a reactionary ideological tribalism, which would simply drive audiences further into their silos. Put another way: Media outlets will need all the credibility they can muster when they try to sound the alarm that none of this is normal . And it is far more important to get it right than to get it fast, because every lapse will be weaponized.

The commitment to “fairness” should not, however, mean creating false equivalencies or fake balance. (An exaggerated report about Biden’s memory lapses , for example, should not be a bigger story than Trump’s invitation to Vladimir Putin to invade European countries .)

In the age of Trump, it is also important that members of the media not be distracted by theatrics generally. (This includes Trump’s trial drama, the party conventions, and even— as David Frum points out in The Atlantic —the debates.) Relatedly, the stakes are simply too high to wallow in vibes, memes, or an obsessive focus on within-the-margin-of-error polls. Democracy can indeed be crushed by authoritarianism. But it can also be suffocated by the sort of trivia that often dominates social media.

And, finally, the Prime Directive of 2024: Never, ever become numbed by the endless drumbeat of outrages.

• Political analysis needs more witchcraft.
• Right-wing media are in trouble.

Today’s News

• The Senate dismissed the articles of impeachment against Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas and ruled that they were unconstitutional, ending his trial before it got under way.
• House Speaker Mike Johnson will proceed with a plan, backed by President Joe Biden, to vote on separate bills to provide aid to Ukraine, Israel, and U.S. allies in the Indo-Pacific. The proposed move has raised criticism from some conservative representatives.
• Four Columbia University officials, including the president, Nemat Shafik, testified in a congressional committee hearing about student safety, free speech, and anti-Semitism on campus.
• The Trump Trials : The first days of the criminal case against Donald Trump have been mundane, even boring—and that’s remarkable, George T. Conway III writes.
• The Weekly Planet : The cocoa shortage could make chocolate more expensive forever, Yasmin Tayag writes.

Explore all of our newsletters here.

Evening Read

Something Weird Is Happening With Caesar Salads

By Ellen Cushing

On a November evening in Brooklyn, in 2023, I was in trouble (hungry). I ordered a kale Caesar at a place I like. Instead, I got: a tangle of kale, pickled red onion, and “sweet and spicy almonds,” dressed in a thinnish, vaguely savory liquid and topped with a glob of crème fraîche roughly the size and vibe of a golf ball. It was a pretty weird food. We are living through an age of unchecked Caesar-salad fraud. Putative Caesars are dressed with yogurt or miso or tequila or lemongrass; they are served with zucchini, orange zest, pig ear, kimchi, poached duck egg, roasted fennel, fried chickpeas, buffalo-cauliflower fritters, tōgarashi -dusted rice crackers. They are missing anchovies, or croutons, or even lettuce … Molly Baz is a chef, a cookbook author, and a bit of a Caesar obsessive—she owns a pair of sneakers with “CAE” on one tongue and “SAL” on the other—and she put it succinctly when she told me, “There’s been a lot of liberties taken, for better or for worse.”

Read the full article.

More From The Atlantic

• The Jews aren’t taking away TikTok.
• Women in menopause are getting short shrift.
• The self-help queen of TikTok goes mainstream.

Culture Break

Look. These photos , compiled by our photo editor, show the importance of bicycles in World War II.

Read. “ The Vale of Cashmere ,” a short story by Benjamin Nugent:

“What I liked about your father was that he helped me find my contact lens.”

Play our daily crossword.

Stephanie Bai contributed to this newsletter.

When you buy a book using a link in this newsletter, we receive a commission. Thank you for supporting The Atlantic .

Illustration

Writing for Success

Learning Objectives

• Determine the purpose and structure of the illustration essay.
• Understand how to write an illustration essay.

THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION IN WRITING

To illustrate means to show or demonstrate something clearly. An effective illustration essay clearly demonstrates and supports a point through the use of evidence.

The controlling idea of an essay is called a thesis. A writer can use different types of evidence to support his or her thesis. Using scientific studies, experts in a particular field, statistics, historical events, current events, analogies, and personal anecdotes are all ways in which a writer can illustrate a thesis. Ultimately, you want the evidence to help the reader “see” your point, as one would see a good illustration in a magazine or on a website. The stronger your evidence is, the more clearly the reader will consider your point.

Using evidence effectively can be challenging, though. The evidence you choose will usually depend on your subject and who your reader is (your audience). When writing an illustration essay, keep in mind the following:

• Use evidence that is appropriate to your topic as well as appropriate for your audience.
• Assess how much evidence you need to adequately explain your point depending on the complexity of the subject and the knowledge of your audience regarding that subject.

For example, if you were writing about a new communication software and your audience was a group of English-major undergrads, you might want to use an analogy or a personal story to illustrate how the software worked. You might also choose to add a few more pieces of evidence to make sure the audience understands your point. However, if you were writing about the same subject and you audience members were information technology (IT) specialists, you would likely use more technical evidence because they would be familiar with the subject.

Keeping in mind your subject in relation to your audience will increase your chances of effectively illustrating your point.

You never want to insult your readers’ intelligence by overexplaining concepts the audience members may already be familiar with, but it may be necessary to clearly articulate your point. When in doubt, add an extra example to illustrate your idea.

On a separate piece of paper, form a thesis based on each of the following three topics. Then list the types of evidence that would best explain your point for each of the two audiences.

• Topic: Combat and mental health Audience: family members of veterans, doctors
• Topic: Video games and teen violence Audience: parents, children
• Topic: Architecture and earthquakes Audience: engineers, local townspeople

THE STRUCTURE OF AN ILLUSTRATION ESSAY

The controlling idea, or thesis, belongs at the beginning of the essay. Evidence is then presented in the essay’s body paragraphs to support the thesis. You can start supporting your main point with your strongest evidence first, or you can start with evidence of lesser importance and have the essay build to increasingly stronger evidence. This type of organization—order of importance—you learned about in Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” and Chapter 9 “Writing Essays: From Start to Finish”.

The time transition words listed in Table 10.1 “Transition Words and Phrases for Expressing Time” are also helpful in ordering the presentation of evidence. Words like first, second, third, currently, next, and finally all help orient the reader and sequence evidence clearly. Because an illustration essay uses so many examples, it is also helpful to have a list of words and phrases to present each piece of evidence. Table 10.2 “Phrases of Illustration” provides a list of phrases for illustration.

Vary the phrases of illustration you use. Do not rely on just one. Variety in choice of words and phrasing is critical when trying to keep readers engaged in your writing and your ideas.

WRITING AT WORK

In the workplace, it is often helpful to keep the phrases of illustration in mind as a way to incorporate them whenever you can. Whether you are writing out directives that colleagues will have to follow or requesting a new product or service from another company, making a conscious effort to incorporate a phrase of illustration will force you to provide examples of what you mean.

On a separate sheet of paper, form a thesis based on one of the following topics. Then support that thesis with three pieces of evidence. Make sure to use a different phrase of illustration to introduce each piece of evidence you choose.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers. Discuss which topic you like the best or would like to learn more about. Indicate which thesis statement you perceive as the most effective.

WRITING AN ILLUSTRATION ESSAY

First, decide on a topic that you feel interested in writing about. Then create an interesting introduction to engage the reader. The main point, or thesis, should be stated at the end of the introduction.

Gather evidence that is appropriate to both your subject and your audience. You can order the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important. Be sure to fully explain all of your examples using strong, clear supporting details. See Chapter 15 “Readings: Examples of Essays” to read a sample illustration essay.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a five-paragraph illustration essay. You can choose one of the topics from “Exercise 1” or “Exercise 2”, or you can choose your own.

Key Takeaways

•  An illustration essay clearly explains a main point using evidence.
• When choosing evidence, always gauge whether the evidence is appropriate for the subject as well as the audience.
• Organize the evidence in terms of importance, either from least important to most important or from most important to least important.
• Use time transitions to order evidence.
• Use phrases of illustration to call out examples.

Illustration Copyright © 2016 by Writing for Success is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Stop trying to make language ‘funner.’ Grammar rules exist for a reason.

Anne curzan’s book ‘says who’ goes too far in renouncing the fundamental rules of language usage.

Because my no-nonsense mother habitually said “He don’t” and “She don’t,” and my moody steelworker father never opened a book after he quit school at 16, it may seem surprising that I became a stickler for correct English as well as a serious reader. Or perhaps not. To this day, though, I dislike faddish words, vulgarisms, most slang, weaselly euphemisms, clichés, and prose styles that are overly chummy, preachy or hip. When I write, I do my best to sound grown-up but try not to come across as a bewildered holdover from the 19th century.

So I should have been wary when I picked up Anne Curzan’s “ Says Who? A Kinder, Funner Usage Guide for Everyone Who Cares About Words .” “Funner” provocatively signals that this isn’t a book for someone, like me, who once devoted his days and nights to Robert Graves and Alan Hodge’s “The Reader Over Your Shoulder,” William Strunk and E.B. White’s “The Elements of Style,” Theodore M. Bernstein’s “The Careful Writer,” and William Zinsser’s “On Writing Well.” Instead, “Says Who?” pointedly aims to defuse common anxieties over what is “proper” and “improper” usage.

To do this, Curzan, dean of the College of Literature, Science and the Arts at the University of Michigan, contends that virtually every grammar or vocabulary no-no you learned from Miss Thistlebottom is wrong or out of date. In olden days, a grammatical slip was looked on as something shocking, but now, it would seem, almost anything goes. You can use “like” instead of “as” and “as if,” “who” instead of “whom,” even “irregardless,” regardless of the mute scorn of linguistic “grammandos.” For these last, the barbarisms are always at the gates.

Curzan does underscore that context and social situation should always be considered when we write and speak. As my father used to warn me when I was launching into some heated, clearly ill-advised back talk, “Watch your language, boy.” I quickly did, if I knew what was good for me. The same advice, minus the “boy,” is good for anyone. So is adjusting your words to your audience. You don’t write to your boss in the same way you talk to your children or the way you try to chat up an attractive stranger in a bar.

Curzan repeatedly emphasizes that language evolves, that we should welcome change, that new words express new ideas and thoughts. No one would argue otherwise. Yet rules define any game. Without them, games wouldn’t even exist. Similarly, the traditional principles of sentence structure, verb agreement and even spelling ensure effective and clear communication. Grammar helps us to say what we mean and others to know rather than guess what we’re talking about.

In her own prose, Curzan tries hard to downplay any soupçon of the didactic by adopting an up-to-date, friendly cheeriness. For my taste, she goes too far. She loads on the maple syrup, tacitly assuming that no one will pay attention to her linguistic points without a lot of sweetening. Perhaps she’s right, but I find this approach implicitly demeaning. But then, I would probably register somewhere in the middle of what Curzan calls her “crankiness meter.”

I say “middle” because I do agree with Curzan about the importance of what she calls “kinder,” more inclusive language and usage that avoids giving offense. To advocate for such sensitivity is a key purpose of her book. As she notes, it’s one thing to say “How tall is he?” and quite another to ask “How short is he?” Though essentially the same question, one is neutral and the other judgmental.

Yet even if we all need to be more understanding and less captious about some aspects of our changing language, Curzan doesn’t stress strongly enough the consequences of using vulgar, ugly and slovenly English. As with clothes and manners, the issue is what the sociologist Erving Goffman called the presentation of self in everyday life. Miss Eliza Doolittle can testify that if you talk like a Cockney flower girl, the world will regard you as a Cockney flower girl, but if you talk like a duchess, it will treat you as one. Fundamentally, you may be as gentle and sensitive as Saint Francis of Assisi, but if your English is loose, ungrammatical and crude, or alternatively if it’s pretentious, circumlocutory and condescending, people will think you are either stupid or a pompous blowhard. It’s hard to undo the effects of first impressions.

Verbal tics are particularly insidious. If you continually use “like” in, like, every other sentence you, like, say, it will not only drive others crazy but also brand you as essentially ditsy. If you regularly resort to prefabricated idioms — such as “at the end of the day,” “drain the swamp” or “on the same page” — you aren’t really thinking; your mind has simply turned on the cruise control.

To my old-fashioned mind, the adult use of street lingo, locker room demotic or teen slang, coupled with a lax attitude toward traditional grammar, often indicates a somewhat pathetic nostalgie de la boue. The poor and marginalized are thought to be more genuine, more vital, more imaginative than the dull middle class and the etiolated rich. It’s pretty to think so. However, my parents knew that sounding uneducated, ungrammatical or illiterate isn’t funner; it makes you a figure of fun. The world belongs to those who are taken seriously.

When I was young, I didn’t want to be regarded as a yokel, and that meant avoiding the yokelisms spoken all around me. Through language — that is, through reading, writing and speech — I hoped to better myself. I listened to recordings of Richard Burton and John Gielgud reciting poetry, Vincent Price and Basil Rathbone reading Poe’s short stories. At about the age of 14, I even unearthed a Victorian translation of Demosthenes’ orations and — this is absolutely true — was soon declaiming them to a bathroom’s tiled walls, sometimes following the ancient Greek’s training method by placing a few pebbles in my mouth. When Benjamin Franklin in his autobiography and Somerset Maugham in “The Summing Up” extolled the prose of the 18th century, I paid attention. Addison, Voltaire and Swift — these were the masters of concision, clarity, elegance and wit. I adopted these classical ideals as my own, though part of me has always secretly hankered to write with the baroque grandeur and all-stops-out organ roll of Sir Thomas Browne, Robert Burton and Jeremy Taylor.

Effective prose, in truth, doesn’t resemble conversation. It’s more like sculpting with clay. You start with an inchoate mass, shape it a bit, hate the result, start over, try this, try that, give up, slink away in disgust, come back, work some more and eventually end up with something that looks vaguely like a pot or an essay. Above all, though, as my favorite ghost story author, Vernon Lee, observed in “The Handling of Words,” the craft of the writer consists “in manipulating the contents of the Reader’s mind.” She added that “construction” — and that includes word choice — “means thinking out the results of every movement you set up in the Reader’s mind, how that movement will work into, help, or mar the other movements which you have set up there already, or which you will require to set up there in the future.”

To communicate ideas effectively, clarity must always remain paramount, but that doesn’t preclude an occasional rhetorical flourish or madcap turn of phrase. Nonetheless, tread carefully: Flashy prose, slang and pop references will sound hokey and dated in 20 years. That groovy Beat poetry, man, you can still dig it, though you really need to have bongos. Tom Wolfe’s Kandy-Kolored, Tangerine-Flaked, over-the-top style now screams “It’s the Age of Aquarius!” While it’s essential to write for one’s own time, a more restrained diction can often result in a longer shelf life for even supposedly deathless prose.

Still, avoiding mass-speak doesn’t mean you should go panting after show-offy, recherché diction. Anyone can use a thesaurus. Except under highly specialized circumstances, most of which are hard to imagine, never, ever use “sockdolager,” “rupestrian,” “solatium” or “gallinaceous” in a sentence. All these, by the way, were recently emailed to me from a website called Word Genius. I’ve already forgotten what they mean.

Polonius once asked Hamlet, “What do you read, my lord?” To which the melancholy Dane answered, “Words, words, words.” Anne Curzan and I both love the English language, she being more accepting of the new, while I instinctively value established grammar and usage as bulwarks against confusion, not a set of fetters that bind us. We both agree that people’s use of English brings consequences, often unforeseen and unintended. All of us, then, need to choose our words wisely. But which ones? “That,” as Hamlet once also said, “is the question.”

A Kinder, Funner Usage Guide for Everyone Who Cares About Words

By Anne Curzan

Crown. 336 pp. $29

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Art and history come together in ‘Fur Trade Nation: an Ojibwe’s Graphic History’

On the outskirts of Two Harbors just north of Duluth artist Carl Gawboy sits in an overstuffed leather chair inside his light-filled studio. He’s sharing his space with a rack of young plants his wife Cindy has started in anticipation of spring planting. Half a dozen of Gawboy’s watercolor paintings line the walls.  

For the past two years, Gawboy has been creating hundreds of pen and ink drawings for “Fur Trade Nation: an Ojibwe’s Graphic History.”

Gawboy has used his thirty years of experience teaching the history of fur trade relations on Turtle Island, also known as North America, to create hundreds of illustrations depicting stories Ojibwe people and lifeways centered on entrepreneurship and freedom.

A citizen of the Bois Forte Band of Ojibwe and Finnish descent, Gawboy has been working as an artist even longer than he’s been teaching history.

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The book is a result of Gawboy’s research and teaching on fur trade history. He’s taught courses on the subject for years at the University of Minnesota Duluth and St. Scholastica. He says his research revealed a common stereotype in histories and pop culture representations of the fur trade. 

“The poor feckless Indians were cheated by greedy rapacious traders, and that traded valuable furs that went to Europe for a bunch of trinkets.” said Gawboy. 

For Gawboy, teaching fur trade history is about seeing Ojibwe people and cultural values as the center of trade relations with European trading partners beginning in the 17th century.

What emerges throughout the book is a recognition of Ojibwe women’s economic decision-making over two and a half centuries.  

“Cloth was the number one trade good by volume, not guns. Needles, cloth, kettles, axes,” said Gawboy.

In place of an image of an Ojibwe man inspecting a gun and a French fur trader likewise inspecting a pelt, a drawing shows two Ojibwe women standing side by side, one holding up a trade knife and the other an axe.

Gawboy’s work also interweaves humor throughout the book. To underscore the role of women in the fur trade, Gawboy drew a present-day scene at a mall in Duluth where Ojibwe women shop for their families while their husbands wait outside on a bench. 

“I just couldn’t resist,” said Gawboy with a chuckle. 

Additionally, Gawboy depicts personal freedoms Ojibwe people had when it came to social structures like marriage.  

“Because the Ojibwe somehow seemed to be such modern people. Their perceptions of freedom, their perceptions of good,” said Gawboy. “Marry whoever you want to. Flexibility.”

One example is the rendering of the historical figure of Yellowhead, an Ojibwe two-spirit person, whose gender might be both masculine and feminine. In “Fur Trade Nation,” Yellowhead is shown as someone free to pursue marriage to John Tanner, a white man. Gawboy illustrated how Yellowhead later became the third wife of a prosperous Ojibwe husband. 

Gawboy also takes care to depict Ojibwe communities throughout the fur trade as thriving and prosperous. For Gawboy, it’s a history that poses a question about what happened to Ojibwe wealth by the mid-19th century, at the start of the treaty-making era. 

“When the modern towns were built in Minnesota, there should have been the Indians waiting for them with hardware stores and grocery stores and feed stores. And that’s how it should have been. Why wasn’t it?” said Gawboy. 

Past and present on the same page 

Rain Newcomb doesn’t remember when she first met Carl Gawboy. She was just six years old. Her father worked with Gawboy while he was teaching at St. Scholastica. The two men became good friends — and Newcomb grew up seeing Gawboy’s work.  

Newcomb worked in mainstream publishing for a decade before arriving in Cloquet to teach at the college. “Fur Trade Nation” is the first book to be published by Animikii-Mazina’iganan, Thunderbird Press. 

Inside the library on the second floor of the Fond Du Lac Community and Tribal College, Newcomb reflects on her work editing “Fur Trade Nation.”

“The great freeing things about working for this press, about working on this project, was that I got to pick Carl’s version,” said Newcomb. “Every time, I got to have my ultimate loyalty to what his vision of this book was and bringing that into fruition.”

In Gawboy’s hands, Rain Newcomb says illustration becomes a particularly powerful way to upend conventional notions of linear history by placing past and present on the same page.

“Taking out a lot of the details that you would see in more realistic drawings... it allows a little more freedom of interpretation, both from the audience,” said Newcomb. “And, perhaps for that original person who’s being drawn there, we’re not putting as much interpretation on them as the controlling author.”

Newcomb says the book doesn’t fit neatly into a particular category.  

“There were a couple of stories that he was absolutely determined to tell. And, so, I had to make them fit into the story,” said Newcomb. 

Newcomb also says Gawboy designed the book to invite Ojibwe readers to consider “how it reflects their own stories and their own family histories.”  

Gawboy’s work, Newcomb says, has long been interested in teaching fur trade history as an example of a multicultural society, an interest she says which stems in part from his own lived experience as an Ojibwe and Finnish person.   

“We are free to choose how to live together. And that became a really important theme as we were working on this book,” said Newcomb. 

Tracks in the snow 

At a recent celebration of the “Thunderbird Review,” a literary journal published by Thunder Press, Ojibwe elder Janis Fairbanks reads from her essay on the need for healthy Indigenous foods in Ojibwe communities. 

Fairbanks served as a consultant on “Fur Trade Nation.” She and Gawboy decided they wouldn’t add a glossary for some of the historical words and phrases found throughout the book. 

“He wanted to leave some mystery in there,” Fairbanks said. “I think that’s a good thing... that’s what my grandma used to say, that ‘you don’t have to tell everything.’” 

Fairbanks also contributed her knowledge to a series of illustrated panels depicting a tragic moment in 1850 — when government annuities failed to arrive at Sandy Lake and many people starved, and still others decided to return to Wisconsin on foot.

At her suggestion, Gawboy illustrated those events through a set of footprints left in the snow. 

“That was kind of a double sign. It was a sign of tragedy that they had to do it. But it was a sign of hope that they decided to do it. We made a choice to do it. So, there’s always that. There’s hope and there’s choice,” said Fairbanks.

Gawboy says he hopes “Fur Trade Nation” will inspire others to add their own insights into history well into the future.

“There are some things that I’ve got in here that are just a mystery,” said Gawboy. “Solve the mystery. And let’s put something together, you know, 10 years down the road.”

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Let’s face it. Everything we do – everything – will be changed by AI. From the major things that make life on this planet what it is to the trivial things that make living on this planet what it is, nothing will escape the changes AI brings.

Ever since I realized and declared, nine years ago, that AI will be the greatest, most profound transformation that humans will ever have experienced, I’ve seen the reactions to that statement transform as well.

At first it was innocent ignorance (“AI. What’s that?”) while the few people who knew a thing or two knew not much more, and Chat GPT hadn’t changed that yet through popular usage.

Slowly, the ignorance receded, and light began to come over the land – but not enough. The innovators were at it, but they were a limited few. And besides, knowledge of AI and appreciation for what it could do was still a mile wide and an inch deep. We were still in the giddy term paper writing camp, for one, and the fear of job loss camp as well.

From there we morphed into the early adopter phase, and it was then that a growing agreement was crystalizing that this was something bigger than most people originally thought.

We’re still in the early adaptor phase but hurtling through it at warp speed. So, more and more of us are now going more than a mile wide and more than an inch deep.

And that brings us back to my early prognostication about this being the biggest development that’s ever happened to us, by us, for us, because of us, or perhaps in spite of us.

Now we’re prepared to deal with the magnitude of AI. This essay will focus on five key elements of our civilization that we either deal with or forfeit our position as stewards. I will attempt to ask one overarching question for each element which, as I see it, cannot be avoided if we have any interest in moving forward positively, constructively, safely, and cooperatively.

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When will we elevate our thinking and our discourse, and finally establish metaethical considerations as not only meaningful but also prerequisite?

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Learning and Education

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Will there even be privacy? And were you expecting a more intricate question here?

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The Last Thing This Supreme Court Could Do to Shock Us

There will be no more self-soothing after this..

For three long years, Supreme Court watchers mollified themselves (and others) with vague promises that when the rubber hit the road, even the ultraconservative Federalist Society justices of the Roberts court would put democracy before party whenever they were finally confronted with the legal effort to hold Donald Trump accountable for Jan. 6. There were promising signs: They had, after all, refused to wade into the Trumpian efforts to set aside the election results in 2020. They had, after all, hewed to a kind of sanity in batting away Trumpist claims about presidential records (with the lone exception of Clarence Thomas, too long marinated in the Ginni-scented Kool-Aid to be capable of surprising us, but he was just one vote). We promised ourselves that there would be cool heads and grand bargains and that even though the court might sometimes help Trump in small ways, it would privilege the country in the end. We kept thinking that at least for Justices Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch and Chief Justice John Roberts , the voice of reasoned never-Trumpers might still penetrate the Fox News fog. We told ourselves that at least six justices, and maybe even seven, of the most MAGA-friendly court in history would still want to ensure that this November’s elections would not be the last in history. Political hacks they may be, but they were not lawless ones.

On Thursday, during oral arguments in Trump v. United States , the Republican-appointed justices shattered those illusions. This was the case we had been waiting for, and all was made clear—brutally so. These justices donned the attitude of cynical partisans, repeatedly lending legitimacy to the former president’s outrageous claims of immunity from criminal prosecution. To at least five of the conservatives, the real threat to democracy wasn’t Trump’s attempt to overturn the election—but the Justice Department’s efforts to prosecute him for the act. These justices fear that it is Trump’s prosecution for election subversion that will “destabilize” democracy, requiring them to read a brand-new principle of presidential immunity into a Constitution that guarantees nothing of the sort. They evinced virtually no concern for our ability to continue holding free and fair elections that culminate in a peaceful transfer of power. They instead offered endless solicitude for the former president who fought that transfer of power.

However the court disposes of Trump v. U.S. , the result will almost certainly be precisely what the former president craves: more delays, more hearings, more appeals—more of everything but justice . This was not a legitimate claim from the start, but a wild attempt by Trump’s attorneys to use his former role as chief executive of the United States to shield himself from the consequences of trying to turn the presidency into a dictatorship. After so much speculation that these reasonable, rational jurists would surely dispose of this ridiculous case quickly and easily, Thursday delivered a morass of bad-faith hand-wringing on the right about the apparently unbearable possibility that a president might no longer be allowed to wield his powers of office in pursuit of illegal ends. Just as bad, we heard a constant minimization of Jan. 6, for the second week in a row , as if the insurrection were ancient history, and history that has since been dramatically overblown, presumably for Democrats’ partisan aims.

We got an early taste of this minimization in Trump v. Anderson , the Colorado case about removing Trump from the ballot. The court didn’t have the stomach to discuss the violence at the Capitol in its sharply divided decision, which found for Trump ; indeed, the majority barely mentioned the events of Jan. 6 at all when rejecting Colorado’s effort to bar from the ballot an insurrectionist who tried to steal our democracy. But we let that one be, because we figured special counsel Jack Smith would ride to the rescue. Smith has indicted Trump on election subversion charges related to Jan. 6, and the biggest obstacle standing between the special counsel and a trial has been the former president’s outlandish claim that he has absolute immunity from criminal charges as a result of his having been president at the time. Specifically, Trump alleges that his crusade to overturn the election constituted “official acts” that are immune from criminal liability under a heretofore unknown constitutional principle that the chief executive is quite literally above the law.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held in February that the president does not have blanket or absolute immunity for all actions taken in office, including “official” acts performed under the guise of executing the law (for example, Trump’s attempt to weaponize the DOJ against election results under the pretense of investigating fraud). The D.C. Circuit’s emphatic, cross-ideological decision should have been summarily affirmed by SCOTUS within days. Instead, the justices set it for arguments two months down the road—a bad omen, to put it mildly . Even then, many court watchers held out hope that Thursday morning’s oral arguments were to be the moment for the nine justices of the Supreme Court to finally indicate their readiness to take on Trump, Trumpism, illiberalism, and slouching fascism.

It was not to be. Justice Samuel Alito best captured the spirit of arguments when he asked gravely “what is required for the functioning of a stable democratic society” (good start!), then answered his own question: total immunity for criminal presidents (oh, dear). Indeed, anything but immunity would, he suggested, encourage presidents to commit more crimes to stay in office: “Now, if an incumbent who loses a very close, hotly contested election knows that a real possibility after leaving office is not that the president is going to be able to go off into a peaceful retirement but that the president may be criminally prosecuted by a bitter political opponent, will that not lead us into a cycle that destabilizes the functioning of our country as a democracy?” Never mind that the president in question did not leave office peacefully and is not sitting quietly in retirement but is instead running for presidential office once again. No, if we want criminal presidents to leave office when they lose, we have to let them commit crimes scot-free. If ever a better articulation of the legal principle “Don’t make me hit you again” has been proffered at an oral argument, it’s hard to imagine it.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor spoke to this absurdity when she responded in what could only be heard as a cri de coeur: “Stable democratic society needs good faith of public officials,” she said. “That good faith assumes that they will follow the law.” The justice noted that despite all the protections in place, a democracy can sometimes “potentially fail.” She concluded: “In the end, if it fails completely, it’s because we destroyed our democracy on our own, isn’t it?”

But it was probably too late to make this plea, because by that point we had heard both Alito and Gorsuch opine that presidents must be protected at all costs from the whims of overzealous deep state prosecutors brandishing “vague” criminal statutes. We heard Kavanaugh opine mindlessly on the independent counsel statute and how mean it is to presidents, reading extensively from Justice Antonin Scalia’s dissent in a case arguing that independent counsels are unconstitutional. (Yes, Kavanaugh worked for Ken Starr , the independent counsel.) If you’re clocking a trend here, it’s gender. Just as was the case in Anderson , it’s the women justices doing the second-shift work here: both probing the thorny constitutional and criminal questions and signaling a refusal to tank democracy over abstractions and deflections. As was the case in the EMTALA arguments, it’s the women who understand what it looks like to cheat death.

Is the president, Sotomayor asked, immune from prosecution if he orders the military to assassinate a political rival? Yes, said John Sauer, who represented Trump—though it “depends on the circumstances.” Could the president, Justice Elena Kagan asked, order the military to stage a coup? Yes, Sauer said again, depending on the circumstances. To which Kagan tartly replied that Sauer’s insistence on specifying the “circumstances” boiled down to “Under my test, it’s an official act, but that sure sounds bad, doesn’t it?” (Cue polite laughter in the chamber.)

This shameless, maximalist approach should have drawn anger from the conservative justices—indignation, at least, that Sauer took them for such easy marks. But it turns out that he calibrated his terrible arguments just right. The cynicism on display was truly breathtaking: Alito winkingly implied to Michael Dreeben, representing Smith, that we all know that Justice Department lawyers are political hacks, right? Roberts mocked Dreeben for saying “There’s no reason to worry because the prosecutor will act in good faith.”

The conservative justices are so in love with their own voices and so convinced of their own rectitude that they monologued about how improper it was for Dreeben to keep talking about the facts of this case, as opposed to the “abstract” principles at play. “I’m talking about the future!” Kavanaugh declared at one point to Dreeben, pitching himself not as Trump’s human shield but as a principled defender of the treasured constitutional right of all presidents to do crime. (We’re sure whatever rule he cooks up will apply equally to Democratic presidents, right?) Kavanaugh eventually landed on the proposition that prosecutors may charge presidents only under criminal statutes that explicitly state they can be applied to the president. Which, as Sotomayor pointed out, would mean no charges everywhere, because just a tiny handful of statutes are stamped with the label “CAN BE APPLIED TO PRESIDENT.”

The words bold and fearless action were repeated on a loop today, as a kind of mantra of how effective presidents must be free to act quickly and decisively to save democracy from the many unanticipated threats it faces. And yet the court—which has been asked to take bold and fearless action to deter the person who called Georgia’s secretary of state to demand that he alter the vote count, and threatened to fire DOJ officials who would not help steal an election—is backing away from its own duty. The prospect of a criminal trial for a criminal president shocked and appalled five men: Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh, and Gorsuch suggested that Smith’s entire prosecution is unconstitutional; meanwhile, Roberts sounded eager at times to handle the case just a hair more gracefully: by cutting out its heart by preventing the jury from hearing about “official acts” (which lie at the center of the alleged conspiracy). Justice Amy Coney Barrett was far more measured, teasing out a compromise with Dreeben that would compel the trial court to tell the jury it could not impose criminal liability for these “official” acts, only “private ones.” Remember, drawing that line would require months of hearings and appeals, pushing any trial into 2025 or beyond. The president who tried to steal the most recent election is running in the next one, which is happening in mere months.

The liberal justices tried their best to make the case that justice required denying Trump’s sweeping immunity claim, permitting the trial to move forward, and sorting out lingering constitutional issues afterward, as virtually all other criminal defendants must do. They got little traction. Everyone on that bench was well aware that the entire nation was listening to arguments; that the whole nation wants to understand whether Trump’s refusal to concede the 2020 election was an existential threat to democracy or a lark. Five justices sent the message, loud and clear, that they are far more worried about Trump’s prosecution at the hands of the deep-state DOJ than about his alleged crimes, which were barely mentioned. This trial will almost certainly face yet more delays. These delays might mean that its subject could win back the presidency in the meantime and render the trial moot. But the court has now signaled that nothing he did was all that serious and that the danger he may pose is not worth reining in. The real threats they see are the ones Trump himself shouts from the rooftops: witch hunts and partisan Biden prosecutors. These men have picked their team. The rest hardly matters.