thesis topics in neurological physiotherapy

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Neurological Physiotherapy: Bases of evidence for practice

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Traditional neurorehabilitation procedures appear to have limited efficacy in most patients with common neurological diseases, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, severe brain injury, spasticity due to other diseases and cognitive disorders. In recent years, new technologies have been ...

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A Literature Review of High-Tech Physiotherapy Interventions in the Elderly with Neurological Disorders

Marios spanakis.

1 Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; rg.liamtoh@lyxannawi (I.X.); rg.umh@uoraletape (E.P.); rg.umh@uoraletapa (A.P.)

2 Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Ioanna Xylouri

Evridiki patelarou, athina patelarou.

Neurological physiotherapy adopts a problem-based approach for each patient as determined by a thorough evaluation of the patient’s physical and mental well-being. Τhis work aims to provide a literature review of physical therapy interventions in the elderly with neurological diseases (NDs) and discuss physiotherapy procedures and methods that utilize cutting-edge technologies for which clinical studies are available. Hence, the review focuses on acute NDs (stroke), deteriorating NDs (Parkinson’s disease), and age-related cognitive impairment. The most used physiotherapy procedures on which clinical data are available are balance and gait training (robot-assisted or not), occupational therapy, classical physiotherapy, walking and treadmill training, and upper limb robot-assisted therapy. Respectively, the most often-used equipment are types of treadmills, robotic-assisted equipment (Lokomat ® and Gait Trainer GT1), and portable walkway systems (GAITRite ® ), along with state-of-the-art technologies of virtual reality, virtual assistants, and smartphones. The findings of this work summarize the core standard tools and procedures, but more importantly, provide a glimpse of the new era in physiotherapy with the utilization of innovative equipment tools for advanced patient monitoring and empowerment.

1. Introduction

The elderly population—people over 65 years of age—is growing in developed countries and physiological deterioration (also known as frailty), characterized by obvious vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, is an increasing healthcare burden [ 1 ]. This influences various areas of daily life of elderly people, with accidents such as the increase in accidental falls to be an indicator of functionality for them [ 2 , 3 ]. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between age, morbidity, and disability resulting from chronic diseases, while at the same time the healthcare system tries to meet all the needs of the elderly population for optimum healthcare provision, prediction, and prevention of additional health issues, or at least improve—if not restore—their well-being [ 4 , 5 ]. Among chronic diseases, the neurological disorders (NDs) such as cognitive impairment, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease are among the leading causes of disability and mortality in the elderly and a huge burden not only for patients but also their family and their caregivers. Other common NDs observed in the elderly which often require specialized healthcare provision are multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, myopathy, dystonia, polyneuropathy, vertigo, idiopathic tremor, myasthenic syndrome, and migraines [ 6 ]. All these conditions underline the need for qualitative and continuous healthcare services for the elderly who not only have increased healthcare needs, but also often lack of necessary financial funds to address them [ 4 , 7 ].

Physiotherapy deals with the support and promotion of physical recovery after physical injuries or neurological events and conditions [ 8 ]. The degeneration of the neuromuscular system over time is an inevitable part of the aging process, a condition that makes physical therapy necessary in the elderly, especially those with additional neurological disorders (NDs) [ 9 ]. In this context, physiotherapists often have to evaluate and treat elderly patients with loss of cognitive function from aging as well as balance disorders such as cerebral palsy (and movement disorders), degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, polyneuropathy (e.g., diabetic neuropathy or Guillain–Barré syndrome), peripheral nerve injuries, and acute cases such as patients recovering from stroke and, recently, elders recovering from COVID-19 [ 10 ]. Most of the therapeutic approaches for neurological rehabilitation include basic elements such as promoting normal movement, controlling abnormal muscle tone, and facilitating function [ 11 ]. Furthermore, neurological physiotherapy adopts a problem-based individualized approach, as determined from a thorough evaluation of a patient’s health status. Therefore, the treatment goals for a person recovering from a stroke may be vastly different among patients with similar NDs but different health history. Thus, the treatment approaches used depend on the individual patient and their symptoms and physiotherapy’s rehabilitation goals, so a variety of tools and standard approaches can be applied [ 12 ].

Considering all the above, it is understood that the current conditions make it necessary to treat both physical and psychological-conscious NDs [ 13 ]. Furthermore, it is essential to enhance our awareness about the effects of different rehabilitation strategies to promote multicomponent rehabilitation programs in the frail elderly and particularly in ND patients [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Till today, there are various approaches for physiotherapy practices for patients with chronic and progressive NDs (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, etc.) or recovering from acute cases (i.e., stroke). Moreover, during the last 20 years, novel equipment and electronic tools have emerged as a means for advanced healthcare provision, data analysis, and/or patient empowerment for well-being management. Over this period these tools have been evaluated through clinical trials as innovative technological tools for physiotherapy sessions. The purpose of this work is to provide a literature review for a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation of physiotherapy practices in the elderly with acute NDs (stroke), deteriorating NDs (Parkinson’s disease), and age-related cognitive impairment. The literature review will focus mostly on cases of physiotherapy interventions with state-of-the-art equipment that has been evaluated through clinical trials available through MEDLINE and published over the last 20 years. Literature research phrases were employed such as: “Physiotherapy or physiotherapy treatment or physical therapy”; “neurological disorders or neurological patient”. Some of the keywords that were used in the literature research were: “Physiotherapy, neurological disorders, physiotherapy equipment, technology-assisted physiotherapy, personalized processes, e-health tools, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, dystonia, idiopathic tremor, dementia, age-related cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, myopathy” and the retrieved articles are discussed below.

2. Physiotherapy Interventions in the Elderly with NDs

2.1. stroke.

Strokes are occurring from sudden disruption of blood supply in the brain that results in disturbance of physical and mental functions. Stroke in the brain’s right side impacts the left part of body functions, along with vision and memory loss, while in the left side, it leads to right side body paralysis, along with speech disruption, slow moves, and memory loss. If the stroke occurs in the brain stem it can affect both sides and lead to the patient being in a “locked” position, unable to make any movement below the throat, as well as being unable to speak clearly.

The main rehabilitation goals using physiotherapy with kinesiotherapy programs at regular intervals in patients recovering from stroke are the kinetic utilization as soon as possible before stiffness and muscle contractions are progressed; educating the patient on how to restore or find alternatives for lost functions (i.e., speech, use of one hand to dress up, etc.), as well as constant care and support towards adoption of new motor conditions that will assist the patient to accept the current status and return to their daily routine as much as possible ( Table 1 and Figure 1 ). Physiotherapy sessions after stroke are a continuous healthcare process and there are cases such as intensive therapy sessions for sensory and motor stimulation that are evaluated even for chronic stroke patients for improving function and use of the affected limb in their daily activities [ 17 ].

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Physiotherapy goals in patients with stroke. A qualitative infographic of clinical trials in the literature regarding physiotherapy approaches in elders recovering from stroke with the incorporation of several pieces of state-of-the-art equipment.

Physiotherapy interventions for stroke and equipment utilized through clinical trials.

Body-weight-supported treadmill rehabilitation for balance and gait training (robot-assisted or not) is the most often-used physiotherapy technique for restoring motor function after a stroke in elders [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Generally, treadmill training with body-weight support seems to lead to better walking and postural results than gait training with no body-weight support and overground walking [ 23 , 24 ]. Regardless of the method applied, gait trainers or floor walking exercises early after stroke assist to restore gait function [ 23 ]. A typical intervention includes a 6- or 10-min walking test for evaluation of speed and endurance, respectively. Additionally, for balance, functionality, and quality of life, evaluation tests such as those of the functional independence measure, Tinetti scale, and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) are often employed [ 25 , 26 ]. Alternate approaches after stroke are trying to assess the speed and distance to gait or mobility interventions with combinations of occupational therapy that try to establish sessions that can be followed even when at home [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].

Walking on treadmills and interventions for recovery of limb function (e.g., arms, legs, ankles, etc.) with the incorporation of mirrors to improve visual-spatial ability for treating hand disabilities or other ergometric tools or stimulation techniques seem to be beneficial when added in conventional rehabilitation programs, and their usefulness is related to the level of physical and mental functionality after stroke [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Robotic arms or ergometers have been found to be effective tools for rehabilitation [ 31 , 35 , 41 ], while for feet, there are several approaches of foot sensors to measure the ankle’s flexion and extension motions with mixed results till today [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Other approaches, such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), may reflect improvements in functionality for patients with stroke, but as the authors point out, additional data are needed to better describe and relate changes with underlying mechanisms [ 45 ]. Generally, CIMT approaches were difficult to follow in terms of the patient’s compliance and the physiotherapist’s willingness to exploit them [ 46 , 47 ]. Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation seems to improve frequency of motor-evoked potentials, muscle function (torque about elbow), and purposeful movement when applied early after stroke [ 48 ]. In addition, electrical stimulation, and exercise for swallow post-stroke showed promising results for patients suffering from stroke and cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction, as well as appearing to improve functionality regarding hand grip and maybe strength of the arms or leg muscles [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In other studies, it is suggested that early modulation of perilesional oscillation coherence seems a better strategy for brain stimulation interventions [ 55 ].

Treadmills with several add-ons including virtual reality (omnidirectional treadmills) and robotic parts are often applied in elderly patients recovering from stroke as a walking rehabilitation program to improve physical function for affected body areas (e.g., shoulder and arms) and enhance as much as possible their neuroplasticity [ 19 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. In this respect, till today, several randomized clinical trials tried to evaluate the walking abilities using numerous approaches and exercises on treadmills, with also the application of obstacle crossing or other cognitive distractions, to evaluate their usability as adjuvant therapies in improving walking rehabilitation among people with stroke [ 18 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Thus far, the results from these trials suggest that for patients with stroke, retraining gait with the use of a treadmill and a percentage of their body weight supported (e.g., Lokomat ® robotic assistive device) or assisted through several wearables, resulted in improved postural abilities over those with no support on their body weight [ 18 , 24 , 36 , 41 , 44 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Variations of the intensity (e.g., speed) or of the type of the exercises (e.g., obstacles-crossing training or cognitive distractions) and the virtual reality environment or incorporation of exergames seems to be also beneficial on patients’ balance, upper limb motor function, and generally in cognitive and functional outcomes in patients recovering from stroke [ 19 , 42 , 70 , 72 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Furthermore, the incorporation of treadmill and aerobic exercises as an early intervention seems to benefit patients with stroke, except for cases with large and right-sided lesions; however, additional data are needed [ 18 , 77 , 81 , 82 ]. Treadmills seem also to be inferior to other approaches such as dance lessons (tango, etc.) [ 83 ]. Finally, utilization of computer-based rehabilitation games (i.e., Wii Sports TM , Nintendo Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) may provide new, flexible, and easy to use (even from home) forms of rehabilitation for improving speed and working memory for patients after stroke [ 84 , 85 ].

2.2. Parkinson’s Disease

In Parkinson’s disease, enhancing physical function and well-being, thus improving patients’ quality of life, is essential to address the dysfunctions as the disease is progressing [ 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Physiotherapy goals in Parkinson’s disease are related with maintaining, correcting, and/or improving functional ability, strength, flexibility, posture, and balance, and thus improving daily activities, breathing, and relaxation, and reducing freezing moments that may cause falls and injuries ( Table 2 ) [ 89 , 90 ]. Thus far, there are several studies of non-pharmacological physiotherapy interventions among older adults usually between 60 and 80 years old with Parkinson’s disease, often accompanied with robot assistance or virtual reality tools, that have been evaluated as interventions to enhance walking and physical performance even for home sessions [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. These procedures include a wide range of approaches, focusing on posture, upper extremity function, balance, and gait combined with the use of cognitive movement and exercise strategies to maintain and improve quality of life.

Physiotherapy interventions in Parkinson’s disease and equipment utilized through clinical trials.

Raccagni et al. (2019) studied the impact of physiotherapy on improving motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease, incorporating strength, flexibility, posture, and balance exercises, walking and coordination training, swing exercises, double work, and climbing stairs, which showed that patients’ gait improved significantly [ 100 ]. Follet et al. (2010) used two different brain stimulation methods to achieve improved motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease observing the same improvement with both methods [ 101 ]. Barboza et al. (2019), studying the effects of physiotherapy and cognitive education in patients with Parkinson’s disease, concluded that both methods, either individually or in combination, have a positive effect on patients in the outcome of the disease [ 102 ]. GAITRite ® combined with a closed-loop visual–auditory walker that could be applied at the patient’s home appeared to be effective in improving gait and decreasing freezing, and thus enhancing functional mobility and quality of life [ 95 ]. GAITRite ® has also been applied to examine the impact of an obstacle’s height for elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease, revealing similar strategies in walking over tall obstacles that could be further utilized in physiotherapy sessions [ 97 ]. Robot-assisted gait training such as Gait Trainer GT1 have been demonstrated to improve factors of balance (Berg’s Balance Scale) and reaction to an unexpected shoulder pull (Nutt’s rating) [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 103 ]. Other effective methods of physiotherapy to improve gait that have been tested are vibration therapy [ 104 ] and spinal cord stimulation [ 105 ]. Studies on vibration therapies—despite being proposed since the 19th century—have not managed to produce sufficient evidence with possible placebo-related factors to contribute to motor function for patients with Parkinson’s disease [ 104 ]. Pallidal or subthalamic stimulation as well as spinal cord stimulation resulted in improvements in motor function for Parkinson’s disease patients [ 101 , 105 ]. High intensity aerobic exercise seems to help as a feasible and safe intervention in rehabilitation of those patients mainly for sleep outcomes [ 106 , 107 , 108 ]. On the other hand, interventions for rehabilitation with embedded mental practice did not show any significant difference when compared with relaxation during rehabilitation [ 109 ].

In addition to physical exercises, alternative approaches have been employed to investigate whether similar results can be achieved, such as yoga, dance (especially tango), tai chi, and qigong [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. Kwok et al. (2019) [ 110 ] studied the effectiveness of mindfulness yoga in relation to stretching and resistance exercises in patients with NP. They concluded that yoga is just as effective as stretching and resistance exercises in improving motor dysfunction and mobility, as well as reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms that are often present in Parkinson’s disease patients. In other cases, however, although patients’ expectations were high, the results were not encouraging. Music-contingent gait training is feasible [ 115 ], while tango dance did not show any positive feedback thus far [ 83 , 116 ].

Regarding state-of-the-art equipment, treadmill training is often combined with a virtual reality environment to assess physical performance. The GAITRite ® portable walking system seems to be the equipment of choice in most studies to measure temporal and spatial parameters for gait styles [ 92 , 95 , 97 , 117 ]. The results seem to point out that virtual interactive environments or visual cues are beneficial for people suffering from Parkinson’s disease [ 94 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]. Mirelman et al. (2011) [ 94 ] employed a progressive intensive program combining a treadmill with virtual reality equipment to evaluate walking under normal or dual-task conditions or during managing physical obstacles. Cognitive function and functional performance were also assessed with participants to process multiple stimuli simultaneously and make decisions about the various obstacles on two levels while continuing to walk down the aisle. The results showed that the combination of the treadmill with the virtual reality system can be feasible in the physiotherapy of patients with Parkinson’s disease, enhancing physical performance, gait during complex challenging conditions, and aspects of cognitive function. In clinical trials from the group of Picelli et al., the robotic pacing training using the Gait Trainer GT1 further improved the gait aspects compared to physiotherapy with active joint mobilization with a moderate amount of conventional gait training, which had also positive results but at a lower level [ 91 , 92 ]. Other studies are also reporting similar findings when incorporating physiotherapy alone or with cognitive training [ 100 , 102 , 103 ]. These findings have important implications for understanding motor learning in the presence of disease and for treating the risk of falling of Parkinson’s disease patients and their overall quality of life ( Figure 2 ).

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Object name is ijerph-19-09233-g002.jpg

Physiotherapy goals in Parkinson’s disease. A qualitative infographic of clinical trials in the literature regarding physiotherapy approaches in elders managing Parkinson’s disease with the incorporation of several pieces of state-of-the-art equipment.

2.3. Age-Related Cognitive Impairment

Physiotherapy in the elderly with age-related cognitive impairment is not explored as much as in cases of stroke and Parkinson’s disease ( Table 3 ). This can be attributed to several factors including the obscureness in diagnostic criteria to separate the condition from Alzheimer’s disease or the often reluctance from elderly people to seek medical advice, considering it an expected impact of the aging process [ 121 , 122 ]. However, a well-known fact is that physical exercise such as aerobic fitness or other exercises enhance cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms for people with cognitive decline, thus preventing functional decline of the brain, which is a natural consequence of the aging of the body ( Figure 3 ) [ 123 , 124 , 125 ]. Interestingly, several spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal gait parameters (i.e., gait speed) have been suggested to be a potential subclinical marker of cognitive impairment [ 126 ]. Hence, it has been shown through several studies that patients with cognitive impairment seem to benefit from interventions that incorporate physical exercise (e.g., aerobic exercises), stationary bikes with video screens, or exergames [ 125 , 127 ]. Especially for patients at risk, combined physical and cognitive training shows indices of a positive neuroplastic effect in mild cognitive impaired patients [ 127 ]. In cognitive frailty, physiotherapy interventions with resistance exercise training approaches are effective in improving cognitive function and physical performance in the elderly with cognitive frailty [ 128 ]. Resistance exercises (training exercises) are effective in improving mental function and physical condition in the elderly with cognitive impairment, especially episodic memory and processing speed. Furthermore, the incorporation of exercise programs that are delivered remotely through smartphones revealed promising data regarding the advantages of remote fitness applications for delivering customized exercise programs for adults aged >65 years [ 129 ]. The utilization of smartphone technologies and virtual assistant technologies (i.e., iPad, Alexa) to deliver customized multicomponent exercise programs for older adults is continuously evaluated with promising evidence from short-term perspectives or larger randomized trials [ 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ].

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Object name is ijerph-19-09233-g003.jpg

Physiotherapy goals in age-related cognitive impairment. A qualitative infographic of clinical trials in the literature regarding physiotherapy approaches in elders managing cognitive impairment with the incorporation of several pieces of state-of-the-art equipment.

Physiotherapy interventions in cognitive impairment and equipment utilized through clinical trials.

In addition to the exercise interventions, the incorporation of music and dance lessons appear to be beneficial in mild cognitive cases [ 135 , 136 ], whereas alternative approaches such as Tao-based techniques, although very promising in theory for improving cognitive ability, ultimately did not have the expected results in improving cognition or physical mobility [ 117 ]. On the other hand, yoga as a low-risk intervention has showed some preliminary evidence of a feasible intervention that improves visuospatial functioning in patients with mild cognitive impairment [ 137 ]. Finally, there are reports that acupressure and Montessori-based activities could have a positive impact and be beneficial for these patients, especially for soothing and reducing anxiety in people with cognitive impairment [ 138 ].

2.4. Other Types of NDs

For other types of NDs, few clinical studies thus far focus on elderly patients and analyze if physiotherapy interventions with or without modern healthcare equipment improve symptoms and management of the disease. A randomized controlled trial for Alzheimer’s disease revealed that aerobic exercise improves physical function and cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO 2 peaks) in patients with AD [ 139 ]. Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition, mostly in cases of elderly patients with mild-to-moderate AD dementia [ 140 ]. For multiple sclerosis (MS), it is important that cognition capabilities are supported to avoid gait impairment and falls that can lead to physical injuries [ 141 ]. Home-based exercise programs support feasibility and acceptability parameters for improving cognition and mobility function in patients with MS [ 142 ]. Patients with diabetic polyneuropathy seem to benefit from strength and balance exercises regarding their functional status and confidence through short-term sessions, although quality of life was not improved overall [ 143 ]. Finally, for elders suffering from idiopathic tremor, non-invasive peripheral nerve stimulation may provide a safe, acceptable, and effective intervention for transient relief of hand tremor symptoms [ 144 ].

3. Discussion

The World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) emphasizes that the knowledge and experience of physiotherapists should be used to provide timely and coordinated services, including prevention, treatment/intervention, and rehabilitation, in a way that makes them accessible to older people facing, or risk experiencing, limitations in their ability to function optimally [ 8 ]. Physiotherapy is the work of an interdisciplinary team that aims to prevent functional decline and secondary disease complications and comorbidities, to compensate and adapt to residual disabilities and to maintain or restore function and daily activities. Thus, the WPCT in its policy statement mentions that physiotherapy interventions in the elderly and especially those with NDs aim to improve well-being, increase mobility, reduce potential falls, and improve patients’ daily activities [ 145 ]. Physiotherapy in the elderly with NDs is a thorough process that aims to teach, guide, and reduce the threats to any functional and cognitive variants [ 146 , 147 ]. Balance and gait training, with variations, are the most often applied physiotherapy interventions for rehabilitation programs after stroke or for training patients with Parkinson’s disease, whereas for age-related cognitive impairment, aerobic physical exercises are the focus of attention currently during physiotherapy sessions. State-of-the-art equipment, such as Gait Trainer GT1, Lokomat, virtual reality equipment, or walkway systems such as the GAITRite ® Portable Walkway system or constant current stimulators have been utilized in clinical trials mostly during rehabilitation programs for patients suffering from stroke and/or Parkinson’s disease. Occupational therapies for stroke and stretching/aerobic exercises for Parkinson’s disease as training sessions to enhance strength and balance have also been evaluated. Alternative approaches that are based on physical exercises such as dance sessions, yoga, or martial arts such as tai chi have also been evaluated for their applicability in elders with Parkinson’s, while acupressure techniques have been evaluated even in cases of cognitive impairment. These alternative approaches, although promising and well received by patients, till today have failed to provide sufficient evidence, with a partial exception of yoga sessions, regarding their effectiveness in rehabilitation programs for elders with NDs such as Parkinson’s disease or age-related cognitive impairment.

The research on “neurorehabilitation” has advanced significantly in recent decades and the number of studies focusing on the motor learning of structural and/or functional changes of the brain in the elderly are increasing [ 148 ]. The understanding of changes within the brain in cases of neuropathological conditions becomes particularly appealing when motor learning ability translates into functional ability [ 149 ]. The neuroplasticity or the ability of the brain to restructure neural connections, specifically in response to learning or experience or after injury, is a lifelong process, even among the elderly [ 150 , 151 ]. Regarding the involvement of physiotherapy in neurological patients, there are several treatments available for “neurorehabilitation” and an often-used intervention is neurodevelopmental treatment [ 152 , 153 ]. Physiotherapy for the elderly with NDs focuses on sensory–motor disorders, orthostatic control (i.e., balance) and coordination, through to motor learning and control [ 154 ]. Preventing falls, weakness, fatigue, and sarcopenia could improve elderly patients’ health and life expectancy [ 141 , 155 ]. In neurological patients, it has a role in immediate or acute care, when short-term intensive hospital-based physiotherapy is required to restore musculoskeletal and neurological function, limb position, and manipulation due to hypertonic or spastic muscles [ 156 ].

Several factors are related to the lack of compliance with a physical therapy regimen in the elderly or to the availability of the physiotherapy provision. These are attributed to internal and external barriers such as insufficient time, malnutrition, lack of motivation, pleasure in exercise, fear of falling, lack of social support, space for exercise, limited finances, and more. Such reasons can prevent the maximum benefits from physical therapy [ 157 ]. Cognitive impairment, such as dementia and delirium, and psychological damage, such as depression and anxiety, can also further affect the patient’s neurorehabilitation goals and outcomes [ 158 , 159 ]. An additional issue that affects physiotherapy practices is the impact of quarantine and other isolation measures for the COVID-19 pandemic on physical therapy in the elderly with neurological conditions. Social disconnection, especially in states with poor public health systems, often leads to reduced exercise and fewer physiotherapy sessions and puts additional burdens on patients with NDs which are comparable to traditional clinical risk factors [ 160 ]. Already there are early indications that these measures have a negative impact on various aspects of the life of the elderly, especially those with NDs [ 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 ]. These negative effects are enhanced for people with NDs because they need extensive care, physiotherapy, and regular activity to maintain their well-being. Here, utilization of state-of-the-art technology tools and equipment can play a key role in addressing problems of basic healthcare provision, such as neurorehabilitation. Approaches that implement remote neurorehabilitation using digitally connected interventions (e.g., minimally supervised robotic therapy) that could accompany patients with a ND during continuous care, from the hospital to their home, have already been introduced (e.g., stroke) [ 165 ].

A trend towards novel physiotherapy practices with the utilization of state-of-the-art equipment is evident nowadays, either for performing physiotherapy or for monitoring the outcomes of physiotherapy interventions (i.e., new generation robotic-assisted and/or virtual reality technology treadmills, portable walking systems, exoskeletons, etc.). The availability of randomized clinical trials that adopt these tools with or without virtual reality equipment and evaluate them, reveals that these state-of-the-art technologies are moving from being experimental towards being routine practice physiotherapy equipment with supporting evidence regarding their usability and effectiveness. Furthermore, the continuous adoption of fitness-based home video game consoles that provide rehabilitation games (e.g., Microsoft Kinect TM , Nintendo Wii Sports TM ) as e-health tools promise a new era in physiotherapy practices and rehabilitation processes in general [ 84 , 166 , 167 ].

Healthcare provision is moving towards a new era with the utilization of novel sensors and analytic technologies. Physiotherapists, as members of the healthcare ecosystem, should be able to adopt and apply these new approaches during physiotherapy sessions and moreover be capable to train their patients to embrace them, especially in cases of elderly people with NDs for whom sometimes communication is difficult [ 168 , 169 , 170 ]. Generally, a successful application of telemedicine technologies and smart environments should meet criteria of robustness, safety, and usability for patients; to be scalable and fitting regarding social, technical, and economic aspects and infrastructures; and finally, to be able to motivate and be transparent for patients, caregivers, health professionals, and regulatory organizations in order to increase confidence in rehabilitation technology for a home model so that all stakeholders will embrace them [ 165 , 171 ]. Such a shift from a traditional to modern telemedicine-assisted physiotherapy methods is expected to occur and the pandemic can act as an accelerator for the adoption by patients, caregivers, and rehabilitation professionals and for market penetration of the proposed technological rehabilitation [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 ].

The current review presented available scientific data regarding physiotherapy practices in the elderly with acute (stroke), chronic (Parkinson’s disease) or age-related (cognitive impairment) NDs. It did not provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcomes but only discussed available studies. NDs have a large pool of different cases and thus the quantitative parameters and endpoints for each study are different, which would complicate the generalization of the findings. A meta-analysis would need to focus on each clinical case separately, which was out of the scope of this work. Moreover, it focused on three diseases that are the most common within the literature. Considering the range of NDs and their subtypes, generalization in other cases cannot be easily extrapolated. However, as this work shows, the fact that utilization of state-of-the-art equipment is expanding, we believe that soon enough additional clinical data of the outcomes from physiotherapy interventions will be available for further analysis.

4. Conclusions

There is evidence that the main physiotherapy goals for the elderly recovering from stroke or managing their Parkinson’s disease can be achieved through a structural physiotherapy program that is accompanied with innovative technological equipment to promote balance or gait capabilities and enhance elders’ motor and cognitive function, thus improving their ability to perform daily routine tasks. In addition, electrical or magnetic nerve stimulation seems beneficial in cases of stroke or Parkinson’s disease. Age-related cognitive impairment seems to benefit from physiotherapy sessions with aerobic exercises. On the other hand, except for dance as an aerobic exercise for mild cognitive impairment and yoga sessions as stretching techniques for Parkinson’s disease, other alternative approaches till today have not produced any evidence regarding their usability and effectiveness in NDs, although patients often show high adherence and compliance. As the technology advances, it is expected that future studies will further establish physiotherapy protocols for each case along with utilization of continuously evolving novel equipment. Further exploitation of emerging e-health technologies that succeed in clinical testing are expected to provide novel solutions for physiotherapists and further improve the quality of life of elderly people by advancing their independence and social participation.

Funding Statement

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.S.; methodology, M.S. and I.X.; investigation, I.X. and A.P.; resources E.P.; data curation, A.P.; formal analysis, I.X. and A.P.; supervision, M.S.; writing—original draft preparation, M.S. and E.P.; writing—review and editing, M.S. and A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Showing result 1 - 5 of 9 swedish dissertations containing the words neurological physiotherapy .

1. Losing control and developing concerns : The complexities of ageing postural control and fall-related concerns

Author : Mascha Pauelsen ; Lars Nyberg ; Ulrik Röijezon ; Irene Vikman ; Jorunn Lægdheim Helbostad ; Luleå tekniska universitet ; [] Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; ageing ; postural balance ; postural control ; sensory and motor systems ; fall-related concerns ; fear of falling ; neurological models ; Physiotherapy ; Fysioterapi ;

Abstract : With the world population shifting its proportions towards higher ages, it is imperative to increase healthspan rather than lifespan, both for the sakes of community sustainability as well as individual quality of life. One of the main means to obtain healthy ageing, is a concept called active ageing, as activity has shown to slow down the natural ageing process. READ MORE

2. Hand function in children and in persons with neurological disorders : aspects of movement control and evaluation of measurements

Author : Elisabeth Svensson ; Charlotte Häger-Ross ; Birgitta Lindmark ; Umeå universitet ; [] Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; cerebellum ; disability ; hand function ; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies ; latency ; motor control ; reactive control ; reproducibility ; sensation ; strength ; Physiotherapy ; Sjukgymnastik fysioterapi ;

Abstract : Hand function is of great importance in the many daily activities that require well-coordinated hand and arm movements. Measurement of hand function is an essential element in the rehabilitation process, in order to facilitate medical diagnosis and determine developmental stages, functional levels, and the efficacy of treatment interventions. READ MORE

3. Biomechanical and neural aspects of eccentric and concentric muscle performance in stroke subjects : Implications for resistance training

Author : Mattias Hedlund ; Britta Lindström ; Peter Sojka ; Ronnie Lundström ; Carl-Johan Olsson ; Jan Lexell ; Umeå universitet ; [] Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; fMRI ; Isokinetic ; Motor imagery ; Muscular strength ; Resistance training ; Neurological rehabilitation ;

Abstract : Muscle weakness is one of the major causes of post-stroke disability. Stroke rehabilitation programs now often incorporate the same type of resistance training that is used for healthy subjects; however, the training effects induced from these training strategies are often limited for stroke patients. READ MORE

4. Neck disability in patients with cervical radiculopathy and evaluation of structured postoperative physiotherapy

Author : Johanna Wibault ; Anneli Peolsson ; Åsa Dedering ; Håkan Löfgren ; Birgitta Öberg ; Martin Björklund ; Linköpings universitet ; [] Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ;

Abstract : Non-surgical and surgical approaches to treatment are used in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) due to disc disease. Overall, good effects of surgery have been reported on arm pain and neurological symptoms. However, the effects on neck functioning are more uncertain. READ MORE

5. Cervical Radiculopathy. Effects of Surgery, Physiotherapy or Cervical Collar. A prospective, randomised study

Author : Liselott Persson ; Neurokirurgi ; [] Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP ; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES ; headache. ; posturography ; neck mobility ; strength ; SIP ; randomised trial ; cervical collar ; physiotherapy ; anterior cervical fusion ; Cervical radiculopathy ; neck pain ; Neurology ; neuropsychology ; neurophysiology ; Neurologi ; neuropsykologi ; neurofysiologi ;

Abstract : The efficacy of surgery, physiotherapy or a cervical collar in the treatment of chronic cervicobrachial pain of radicular origin was evaluated in a prospective, randomised study comprising 81 patients of both sexes, 28-64 years of age, referred for possible neurosurgical treatment. After neurological and radiological examination and giving their informed consent, they were randomised to one of the three treatments. READ MORE

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111+ Top Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

Physiotherapy is a dynamic and evolving field that plays a crucial role in the healthcare industry. Physiotherapists are responsible for helping individuals regain their physical abilities, improve their quality of life, and manage various musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular conditions. For physiotherapy students, conducting research is an essential part of their academic journey. It allows them to explore emerging trends, contribute to the field’s knowledge base, and develop critical thinking skills.

In this blog, we will provide you with a diverse list of research topics for physiotherapy students. These topics span various sub-disciplines within physiotherapy, including musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric, sports, and cardiorespiratory physiotherapy, among others. Whether you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student, you will find intriguing research ideas that can serve as a starting point for your academic journey.

What are the Research Topics in Physiotherapy?

Table of Contents

Research topics in physiotherapy refer to specific areas or questions that students and researchers aim to investigate, analyze, and contribute to through scientific inquiry. These topics are essential for advancing the profession and improving patient care. They can encompass a wide range of subjects within the field of physiotherapy, including musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, and pediatric aspects, among others.

Importance of Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

Research topics are a cornerstone of physiotherapy education for several reasons:

Advancement of Knowledge

Research topics drive the development of new knowledge and evidence-based practices in physiotherapy. By conducting research, students contribute to the body of evidence that informs clinical decision-making.

Skill Development

Engaging in research hones critical thinking, problem-solving, and data analysis skills. These skills are invaluable for students’ future careers as physiotherapists.

Patient Care Improvement

Research helps identify better treatment approaches, leading to improved patient outcomes. Physiotherapy students who engage in research can directly impact the well-being of their future patients.

Career Opportunities

Participation in research projects enhances a student’s resume and opens doors to academic and clinical career opportunities. Employers often value research experience when hiring.

Professional Growth

Research topics provide students with opportunities to collaborate with experienced researchers and faculty, fostering professional growth and networking.

How do I Choose a Topic for Physiotherapy Research?

Before know the research topics for physiotherapy students, you need to know tips for choosing topic. Selecting the right research topic is crucial for a successful research journey. Here are some steps to guide you in choosing a research topic in physiotherapy:

1. Identify Your Interests

Start by considering your personal interests within the field of physiotherapy. What aspect of physiotherapy excites you the most? Your passion will fuel your motivation throughout the research process.

2. Review Current Literature

Conduct a thorough literature review to understand what research has already been done in your chosen area. This will help you identify gaps in knowledge and potential research questions.

3. Consult with Mentors

Seek guidance from experienced faculty members or mentors. They can provide valuable insights and help you refine your research topic.

4. Consider Feasibility

Assess the resources, time, and access you have to conduct your research. Ensure that your chosen topic is feasible within your constraints.

5. Think About Impact

Consider the potential impact of your research. Will it contribute to the field? Will it benefit patients or fellow practitioners?

6. Narrow it Down

Once you’ve brainstormed ideas, narrow your focus to a specific research question. A well-defined question will make your research more manageable.

7. Research Ethics

Ensure that your chosen topic adheres to ethical guidelines and respects patient confidentiality and informed consent.

Observational Research Topics for undergraduate Physiotherapy Students

Discover the research topics for physiotherapy students in different fields:

Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The efficacy of manual therapy in treating chronic lower back pain.

2. Investigating the role of exercise in preventing and managing osteoarthritis.

3. Assessing the effectiveness of various stretching techniques in improving flexibility.

4. Examining the impact of resistance training on muscle strength and function in the elderly.

5. Comparing different rehabilitation approaches for post-surgical ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) reconstruction.

6. The relationship between muscle imbalances and the risk of sports-related injuries.

7. Investigating the use of taping techniques in the management of rotator cuff injuries.

8. The effects of aquatic therapy on pain and function in individuals with fibromyalgia.

9. Assessing the long-term outcomes of physical therapy for scoliosis management.

10. Exploring the benefits of prehabilitation exercises before joint replacement surgery.

Neurological Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy in stroke rehabilitation.

2. Investigating the role of virtual reality in improving balance and mobility in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

3. Assessing the impact of early intervention in infants with cerebral palsy.

4. Exploring the use of robotics in gait training for spinal cord injury patients.

5. The effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb pain in amputees.

6. Investigating the use of functional electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

7. Assessing the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of vertigo.

8. The role of physical therapy in managing spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients.

9. Exploring the benefits of hippotherapy for children with autism spectrum disorder.

10. The impact of balance training on fall prevention in the elderly with Parkinson’s disease.

Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effects of aerobic exercise on pulmonary function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

2. Investigating the role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving quality of life after heart surgery.

3. Assessing the benefits of inspiratory muscle training in patients with asthma.

4. The impact of breathing techniques on anxiety and stress in patients with panic disorders.

5. Exploring the use of pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.

6. Investigating the effects of home-based exercise programs in heart failure patients.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in reducing hospital readmissions for COPD patients.

8. The efficacy of airway clearance techniques in cystic fibrosis management.

9. Exploring the benefits of aerobic training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

10. Investigating the impact of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on sleep quality in patients with sleep apnea.

Pediatric Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effectiveness of early intervention in children with developmental delays.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in improving motor skills in children with Down syndrome.

3. Assessing the impact of aquatic therapy in pediatric cerebral palsy patients.

4. The effects of vestibular rehabilitation in children with balance and coordination issues.

5. Exploring the benefits of hippotherapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

6. Investigating the use of virtual reality in pediatric physical therapy for pain management.

7. Assessing the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in pediatric stroke patients.

8. The role of sensory integration therapy in children with sensory processing disorders.

9. Exploring the impact of early mobility interventions in neonatal intensive care units.

10. The effects of adapted sports and recreational activities on the physical and social development of children with disabilities.

Sports Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The impact of eccentric training on preventing hamstring injuries in athletes.

2. Investigating the effectiveness of Kinesio taping in the treatment of sports-related injuries.

3. Assessing the role of sports-specific training programs in improving athletic performance.

4. The effects of cryotherapy on muscle recovery in elite athletes.

5. Exploring the benefits of neuromuscular training in preventing ACL injuries in female athletes.

6. Investigating the use of biomechanical analysis in optimizing running gait for long-distance runners.

7. Assessing the impact of pre-season conditioning programs on injury rates in contact sports.

8. The role of sports physiotherapy in concussion management and return-to-play protocols.

9. Exploring the effects of different warm-up protocols on sprint performance in sprinters.

10. Investigating the benefits of sport-specific rehabilitation in professional athletes.

Geriatric Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of strength training on frailty and falls in elderly individuals.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in improving mobility and independence in nursing home residents.

3. Assessing the impact of balance training on reducing the risk of hip fractures in the elderly.

4. Exploring the benefits of telerehabilitation for older adults in rural areas.

5. The efficacy of home-based exercise programs in maintaining cognitive function in seniors.

6. Investigating the use of technology-assisted interventions for seniors with chronic conditions.

7. Assessing the role of aquatic therapy in improving the quality of life for elderly individuals with arthritis.

8. The effects of chair yoga on flexibility and pain management in older adults.

9. Exploring the impact of multidisciplinary geriatric assessments on healthcare outcomes.

10. The benefits of community-based exercise programs for promoting social engagement in seniors.

Women’s Health Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effectiveness of pelvic floor exercises in managing urinary incontinence.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in prenatal and postpartum care.

3. Assessing the impact of exercise interventions on menstrual cycle irregularities in athletes.

4. Exploring the benefits of manual therapy in treating endometriosis-related pain.

5. The effects of core strengthening exercises in reducing low back pain during pregnancy.

6. Investigating the use of biofeedback in pelvic floor rehabilitation.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in improving sexual function in postmenopausal women.

8. The efficacy of exercise programs in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

9. Exploring the impact of posture and ergonomics on breast health and musculoskeletal issues.

10. The benefits of physical therapy in the management of fibromyalgia in women.

Orthopedic Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of early mobilization after orthopedic surgery on recovery and complications.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in post-fracture rehabilitation.

3. Assessing the impact of manual therapy in treating frozen shoulder.

4. Exploring the benefits of proprioceptive training in ankle sprain prevention and rehabilitation.

5. The efficacy of conservative versus surgical treatment for rotator cuff tears.

6. Investigating the use of shockwave therapy in the management of tendinopathies.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of joint replacement surgery patients.

8. The effects of different bracing techniques in scoliosis management.

9. Exploring the benefits of postural correction exercises in individuals with kyphosis.

10. The impact of neuromuscular training on patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Occupational Health Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in preventing workplace musculoskeletal disorders.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in managing work-related neck and upper limb pain.

3. Assessing the impact of workplace wellness programs on employee health and productivity.

4. Exploring the benefits of early intervention for repetitive strain injuries (RSI).

5. The effects of workstation modifications on reducing lower back pain in office workers.

6. Investigating the use of therapeutic exercise in the rehabilitation of work-related injuries.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in improving work-related stress and mental health.

8. The efficacy of return-to-work programs for individuals with disabilities.

9. Exploring the impact of job-specific functional assessments on return-to-work outcomes.

10. The benefits of telerehabilitation for occupational health patients.

11. Assessing the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in preventing workplace musculoskeletal disorders among remote workers.

Pain Management Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions in chronic pain management.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in treating myofascial pain syndrome.

3. Assessing the impact of exercise therapy in reducing neuropathic pain.

4. Exploring the benefits of aquatic therapy in fibromyalgia pain relief.

5. The efficacy of graded motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treatment.

6. Investigating the use of dry needling in the management of trigger points.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in chronic headache management.

8. The effects of spinal manipulation in the treatment of non-specific low back pain.

9. Exploring the impact of pain education and self-management programs.

10. The benefits of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs.

11. Investigating the impact of music therapy on pain management in chronic pain patients.

Rehabilitation Technology Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. Investigating the use of wearable devices in monitoring and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes.

2. Assessing the impact of telerehabilitation on patient adherence and outcomes.

3. Exploring the benefits of exoskeleton-assisted gait training in spinal cord injury patients.

4. The effects of virtual reality-based rehabilitation on motor recovery after stroke.

5. The role of robotics in upper limb rehabilitation for stroke survivors.

6. Investigating the use of brain-computer interfaces in neurorehabilitation.

7. Assessing the impact of gamification in pediatric rehabilitation.

8. Exploring the benefits of biofeedback and neurofeedback in rehabilitation.

9. The efficacy of tele-physiotherapy for rural and underserved populations.

10. Investigating the integration of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation assessment and planning.

11. Exploring the benefits of 3D printing technology in creating customized orthotic devices for rehabilitation.

Research topics in physiotherapy are a gateway to advancing the profession and improving patient care. They provide students with opportunities to develop critical skills, contribute to the body of knowledge, and make a positive impact on the lives of individuals seeking rehabilitation. Choosing the right research topic is a crucial step, and it should align with your interests, the current state of knowledge, and the resources available to you.

The research topics for physiotherapy students we’ve explored in this guide cover a wide range of physiotherapy specialties, from musculoskeletal and neurological to cardiopulmonary and pediatric. Whether you’re passionate about helping athletes prevent injuries or improving the quality of life for elderly individuals, there’s a research topic that suits your interests.

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151+ Research Topics For Physiotherapy Students [Updated]

Welcome to the world of physiotherapy, where movement is medicine, and every step leads to healing. In the area of physiotherapy education, research is a powerful tool. It helps us understand the human body better, discover new techniques for rehabilitation, and improve the quality of life for countless individuals. Today, we dive into the diverse and fascinating world of research topics for physiotherapy students.

Whether you’re a student, a curious reader, or someone passionate about health and well-being, this journey promises to be enlightening.

What is Physiotherapy Research?

Table of Contents

Physiotherapy research is the investigation and exploration of various aspects of physical therapy. It delves into the effectiveness of different treatments, the impact of exercises on specific conditions, and the development of innovative techniques to enhance rehabilitation. This research isn’t just about lab coats and test tubes; it’s about real people, real struggles, and real triumphs.

Why Research Matters in Physiotherapy Education

Research isn’t just an academic exercise—it’s the heartbeat of progress in physiotherapy. For students, engaging in research opens doors to understanding the science behind the practice. It fosters critical thinking, hones problem-solving skills, and prepares future physiotherapists to deliver evidence-based care.

Most importantly, research enhances the quality of care patients receive, ensuring they benefit from the latest advancements in the field.

How Do I Choose A Research Topic For Physiotherapy Students?

Choosing a research topic for physiotherapy students involves several considerations to ensure it aligns with your interests, the field’s needs, and feasibility. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Identify Your Interests
Passion: Choose a topic that genuinely interests you. Your enthusiasm will drive your motivation throughout the research process.
Personal Experience: Reflect on any personal experiences or observations in physiotherapy that sparked your curiosity.
Consider Relevance
Field Needs: Look into current trends and gaps in physiotherapy research. What areas need more exploration or improvement?
Clinical Significance: Choose a topic with practical applications in clinical settings. Will your research contribute to better patient outcomes or practice?
Review Literature
Literature Search: Conduct a thorough literature review to understand what’s been done. Identify gaps where your research can make a valuable contribution.
Read Journals: Explore recent publications in physiotherapy journals to get ideas and understand the latest advancements.
Discuss with Peers and Mentors
Peer Feedback: Discuss potential topics with classmates or colleagues. They might offer insights or suggest areas you hadn’t considered.
Mentor Guidance: Seek advice from professors or experienced researchers. They can guide you towards viable topics and methodologies.
Assess Feasibility
Resources: Consider the resources available to you, such as access to equipment, databases, and funding.
Timeframe: Evaluate the time you have for research. Ensure your topic is manageable within the given timeframe.
Narrow Down and Define
Specificity: Narrow your topic to a specific question or problem. Broad topics can be overwhelming and challenging to research effectively.
Clear Objective: Define a clear research question or hypothesis. This guides your study’s direction and methods.
Brainstorm Potential Topics
Use the Outline: Refer to the outline provided earlier for inspiration. Consider topics in musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric, geriatric, or cardiovascular physiotherapy.
Innovative Approaches: Explore the use of technology, patient compliance, psychological aspects, or sports-related research.
Evaluate Ethical Considerations
Ethical Approval: Ensure your chosen topic aligns with ethical guidelines. Consider factors like informed consent, patient privacy, and data handling.
Choose Your Topic!
Final Selection: After considering all these factors, select a topic that excites you, addresses a gap in the field, and is feasible within your resources and timeframe.

Remember, choosing a research topic is an exciting journey. Embrace the opportunity to contribute to the field of physiotherapy, improve patient care, and expand your knowledge and skills.

151+ Research Topics For Physiotherapy Students: Category Wise

Musculoskeletal physiotherapy.

Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Ankle Sprains
Comparison of Manual Therapy and Exercise for Low Back Pain
The Role of Pilates in Improving Core Strength and Stability
Efficacy of Dry Needling in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Impact of Virtual Reality on Rehabilitation After ACL Reconstruction
Muscle Imbalance and its Relationship to Injury Risk
Use of Blood Flow Restriction Training in Muscle Rehabilitation
Effectiveness of Cupping Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain
Effects of Different Running Techniques on Knee Joint Stress
Long-Term Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Function

Neurological Physiotherapy

Rehabilitation Strategies for Improving Balance in Multiple Sclerosis
Impact of Aquatic Therapy on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease
Effectiveness of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke Recovery
Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients
Gait Training Techniques for Individuals with Cerebral Palsy
Neuroplasticity and its Implications for Rehabilitation
Role of Robotics in Neurological Rehabilitation
Effects of Tai Chi on Balance and Fall Prevention in Older Adults with Stroke
Music Therapy for Motor Rehabilitation in Stroke Survivors
Vestibular Rehabilitation in Patients with Vestibular Disorders

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiotherapy

Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: Effectiveness and Adherence Rates
Inspiratory Muscle Training for COPD Patients
Role of Yoga in Improving Cardiovascular Health
Exercise Prescription for Patients with Heart Failure
Effects of High-Altitude Training on Lung Function
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Neuromuscular Disorders
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Respiratory Function
Impact of Breathing Exercises on Asthma Control
Exercise Interventions for Pulmonary Hypertension

Pediatric Physiotherapy

Early Intervention Programs for Children with Developmental Delays
Hydrotherapy for Pediatric Rehabilitation
Motor Learning Strategies in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Pediatric Hemiplegia
Sensory Integration Therapy for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder
Effects of Biking on Gross Motor Skills in Children
Role of Play-Based Therapy in Pediatric Rehabilitation
Pediatric Obesity and its Impact on Musculoskeletal Health
Effects of Early Mobility in Preterm Infants
Dance Therapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Geriatric Physiotherapy

Falls Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies in Older Adults
Effectiveness of Chair Yoga in Elderly Fall Prevention
Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Home-Based Exercise Programs for Aging Adults
Effects of Tai Chi on Balance and Mobility in Elderly
Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Sarcopenia
Role of Multidisciplinary Teams in Geriatric Rehabilitation
Frailty Screening Tools and Interventions
Effects of Ageism on Physical Activity in Older Adults
Dementia and Exercise: Benefits and Challenges

Sports Physiotherapy

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sports Injuries in Soccer Players
Effectiveness of Taping Techniques in Athletes
Return to Play Guidelines Following ACL Reconstruction
Role of Biomechanics in Running Injury Prevention
Sports-Specific Rehabilitation Protocols
Impact of Sports Specialization on Injury Risk in Youth Athletes
Effects of Cryotherapy on Muscle Recovery
Psychological Factors in Sports Injury Rehabilitation
Nutritional Strategies for Performance Enhancement in Athletes
Role of Physiotherapy in eSports Injury Prevention

Women’s Health and Pelvic Physiotherapy

Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Effects of Pregnancy on Musculoskeletal Health
Postpartum Exercise Programs and Recovery
Role of Physiotherapy in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management
Chronic Pelvic Pain Management Strategies
Diastasis Recti: Assessment and Rehabilitation
Impact of Menopause on Bone Health and Exercise
Role of Physiotherapy in Breast Cancer Rehabilitation
Pre- and Post-Operative Physiotherapy for Gynecological Surgeries
Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: Assessment and Treatment

Orthopedic Physiotherapy

Manual Therapy Techniques for Frozen Shoulder
Effects of TENS Therapy on Osteoarthritis Pain
Post-Operative Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Replacement
Role of Physiotherapy in Rotator Cuff Tears
Conservative Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Motor Control Exercises for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Effects of PNF Techniques on Range of Motion
Role of Physiotherapy in Ankle Instability
Prehabilitation Programs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
Postural Correction Strategies for Neck Pain

Occupational Physiotherapy

Ergonomics and Workplace Injury Prevention
Role of Physiotherapy in Work Rehabilitation Programs
Return to Work Interventions for Musculoskeletal Injuries
Job Demands Analysis and Physical Capacity Assessments
Effects of Standing Desks on Musculoskeletal Health
Role of Physiotherapy in Hand Rehabilitation
Post-Operative Rehabilitation Following Hand Surgery
Workplace Stress and its Impact on Musculoskeletal Health
Functional Capacity Evaluations in Occupational Settings
Role of Physiotherapy in Ergonomic Design Consultations

Pain Management

Multimodal Approaches to Chronic Pain Management
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Pain Perception
Role of Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia Management
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain
Pain Neuroscience Education for Patients with Persistent Pain
Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Low Back Pain
Role of Physiotherapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Telehealth for Pain Management
Pain Catastrophizing and its Influence on Treatment Outcomes
Effects of Sleep Quality on Pain Perception

Rehabilitation Technology

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Physical Activity
Virtual Reality for Motor Rehabilitation
Robotics in Rehabilitation: Current Trends and Future Directions
Smart Textiles for Monitoring Muscle Activity
Tele rehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges
3D Printing in Orthopedic Rehabilitation
Biofeedback Systems for Muscle Rehabilitation
Wearable Sensors for Gait Analysis
Virtual Reality for Phantom Limb Pain
Brain-Computer Interfaces in Stroke Rehabilitation

Health Promotion and Wellness

Effects of Exercise on Mental Health and Wellbeing
Role of Physiotherapy in Obesity Management
Exercise Programs for Older Adults in Assisted Living Facilities
Workplace Wellness Programs: Impact on Employee Health
Community-Based Exercise Programs for Cardiovascular Health
Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress Reduction
Role of Physiotherapy in Smoking Cessation Programs
Nutritional Counseling for Chronic Disease Prevention
Exercise Prescription for Mental Health Disorders
Impact of Social Support on Physical Activity Adherence

Rehabilitation in Specific Populations

Effects of Exercise on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
Role of Physiotherapy in Refugee Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Needs of LGBTQ+ Individuals
Cultural Competence in Physiotherapy Practice
Effects of Exercise on Immune Function in Cancer Patients
Role of Physiotherapy in Prison Rehabilitation Programs
Rehabilitation Challenges in Homeless Populations
Effects of Exercise on Quality of Life in HIV/AIDS Patients
Role of Physiotherapy in Rehabilitation After Human Trafficking
Exercise Programs for Individuals with Disabilities

Innovative Approaches in Rehabilitation

Biofeedback Training for Improving Motor Control
Effects of Exergaming on Physical Function in Older Adults
Role of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Tissue Healing
Virtual Reality for Pain Management in Burn Patients
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Role of AI and Machine Learning in Rehabilitation
Effects of Hippotherapy on Balance and Coordination
Role of Music Therapy in Rehabilitation
Hydrogen Water Therapy for Musculoskeletal Injuries
Role of Graded Motor Imagery in Chronic Pain Rehabilitation

Ethics and Professionalism in Physiotherapy

Informed Consent Practices in Physiotherapy Research
Confidentiality in Telehealth Consultations
Role of Physiotherapists in Health Advocacy
Ethical Considerations in Exercise Prescription
Cultural Competence in Patient Care
Role of Physiotherapists in End-of-Life Care
Patient Autonomy and Shared Decision-Making in Treatment
Professional Boundaries in Physiotherapy Practice
Ethical Implications of Social Media Use for Physiotherapists
Conflict of Interest in Physiotherapy Research

Global Health and Physiotherapy

Role of Physiotherapists in Disaster Relief Efforts
Health Disparities in Access to Physiotherapy Services
Physiotherapy in Low-Resource Settings: Challenges and Solutions
Cross-Cultural Communication in Physiotherapy Practice
Role of Physiotherapists in Addressing Climate Change Health Impacts

Ethical Considerations in Physiotherapy Research

Informed Consent: Ensuring patients fully understand the research and voluntarily agree to participate.
Confidentiality of Patient Information: Safeguarding patient privacy and protecting their personal data.
Data Collection and Storage: Using secure methods to collect, store, and analyze research data.
Research Ethics Committee Approval: Obtaining ethical approval before conducting any research involving human participants.

Research in physiotherapy is a dynamic and essential part of the field. For students embarking on their research journeys, the possibilities are limitless.

From improving rehabilitation techniques to enhancing patient care, each study contributes to a brighter, healthier future.

So whether you’re intrigued by the mysteries of the musculoskeletal system or fascinated by the potential of technology in therapy, there are research topics for physiotherapy students waiting for you to explore. Together, let’s continue pushing the boundaries of knowledge and empowering individuals to move, heal, and thrive.

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Discover The Latest Neurology Physiotherapy Research .

In this page you will find the latest articles published by Neuro physiotherapy related journals.

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Browse the latest neuro physiotherapy research articles from 15 neurology journals.

Frontiers in Neurorehabilitation

Journal of neurologic physical therapy, topics in stroke rehabilitation, topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation and neural repair, neurorehabilitation journal, motor control journal, multiple sclerosis and related disorders, developmental neurorehabilitation, journal of head trauma rehabilitation, journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, ieee transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering, journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases, journal of neurophysiology, stroke journal by aha, don’t have the time subscribe to get the latest neurology physiotherapy research right to your inbox..

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Discover research articles by journal discipline, how to interpret statistical results in research, top free resources to search and discover physiotherapy research, neuro physiotherapy research topics, action observation, motor imagery, neurology clinical trials with highest pedro score in 2022.

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Physiotherapy Research Priority Project 2010 - prioritised research topic: neurology

Year published: 2011

Use the PDF download link below to see the full list of neurology ranked topics.

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Neuroscience Dissertation Topics – Based on Recent Academic Research

Published by Ellie Cross at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On August 16, 2023

Are you looking for the best neuroscience dissertation topics? Here we go! Here are some intriguing neuroscience study topic suggestions that you may find helpful.

Neuroscience is a scientific field that studies the structure and function of the nervous system. On a broad scale, the topic covers numerous behavioural, computational, cellular, evolutionary, functional, molecular, and therapeutic facets of the nervous system.

Many students have trouble coming up with fascinating neuroscience research project topics. Choosing a topic for the dissertation is a crucial step in the dissertation writing process . Using brainstorming techniques, you can narrow down a large concept into a specific study area. Spend an hour brainstorming and reflecting on ideas that might make for a good project.

If you don’t have the time to brainstorm because you have been procrastinating for too long, choose one of the neuroscience topics suggested below.

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You can create an impactful thesis paper using any of the suggestions in our list of neuroscience dissertation and thesis topics. You can also modify the preceding topics according to your academic level and country of study. Get in touch with our team if you are looking for customised neuroscience dissertation topics .

Moreover, if you have trouble completing your neuroscience study, use our dissertation writing service to achieve your desired grade. Neuroscientists on our team of experienced academic writers are experts at composing and delivering research dissertations on any neuroscience topic without plagiarism .

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How to find neuroscience dissertation topics.

To find neuroscience dissertation topics:

Research recent advancements.
Explore unanswered questions.
Review neuroscience journals.
Consider interdisciplinary angles.
Consult professors and experts.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and skills.