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Subhas Chandra Bose: Biography of Netaji

Last updated on December 1, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Subhas Chandra Bose was born into a Bengali family in Orissa (1897).

In 1920 he passed the  civil service examination. But he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India.

Subhas’ devotion and zeal to make the country free from the colonial rule were comparable to none and he lived and died working towards the goal of independent India. Subhas Chandra Bose is popularly known by the name ‘Netaji’.

Table of Contents

The early life of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Birth and family:

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa.

His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother’s name was Prabhavati Devi.

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He was the ninth child among fourteen siblings.

Subhas Chandra Bose topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta.

He was very patriotic and deeply influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings as a student.

He went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England, he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920 and came out fourth in order of merit.

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However, Subhas Chandra Bose left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921 as he was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre .

The political life of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

On his return to India, he came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress.

On Gandhiji’s instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged as his political guru.

1923: Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also the editor of the newspaper ‘Forward’, founded by Chittaranjan Das.

1924 : He also served as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal corporation when Das was the mayor of Calcutta.

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1925: He was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted tuberculosis.

1927: He was released from prison, and later became the general secretary of the Congress party.

1928: The Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it. They both asserted that only complete independence for India was acceptable.

Bose also announced the formation of the Independence League.

1930: Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during the Civil Disobedience Movement . He later became the Mayor of Calcutta.

1931: Bose was released after the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and the suspension of the Civil Disobedience movement especially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.

He travelled through Europe after this, establishing centres in different European capitals to promote politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe.

1937: He returned to India and was released after Congress won the general elections.

Subhas Chandra Bose as President Of Indian National Congress Sessions

1938: He was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session (Gujarat), during this term as Congress President; he talked of planning and setting up a National planning Committee in October that year.

1939: He also won the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee.

This led to the Tripuri Crisis in Congress due to ideological differences between Bose, who had strong leftist thinking and older leaders who were more right-wing thinkers.

As a result, Bose resigned and formed the ‘Forward Bloc’, the left-wing party within the Congress at Unnao in U.P.

1940: When INC organized Individual Satyagraha, Subash Chandra Bose organized an ‘Anti-Compromise Conference’ at Ramgarh, Bihar.

He was arrested by the British shortly afterwards for organizing a protest for the removal of the Holwell Monument (Memorium for Blackhole tragedy of Calcutta). He was later released and placed under House arrest in Calcutta.

Netaji’s Escape from India

1941: Bose escaped house arrest in disguise and travelled out of India. He started garnering support from Nazi Germany and even met Adolf Hitler.

He founded the Free India Center in Berlin and created the Indian Legion (consisting of some 4500 soldiers) out of Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa before their capture by Axis forces.

Bose was given the honorific title of Netaji in Germany in 1942 by the Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and officials of the Special Bureau for India in Berlin.

1942-43: World War II was underway, Nazi Germany was losing footing in the west. In the east Japanese were advancing rapidly. In India, Bengal Famine and Quit India movement were raging.

1943: Bose went to Japan after disappointment from Germany.

Bose and Indian National Army (INA)

INA was the brainchild of Japanese Major (and post-war Lieutenant-General) Iwaichi Fujiwara, head of the Japanese intelligence unit. His mission was “to raise an army which would fight alongside the Japanese army.

He first met Pritam Singh Dhillon, the president of the Bangkok chapter of the Indian Independence League, and through Pritam Singh’s network recruited a captured British Indian army captain, Mohan Singh, on the western Malayan peninsula in December 1941.

The First Indian National Army was formed as a result of a discussion between Fujiwara and Mohan Singh.

Rash Behari Bose, another expatriate nationalist leader was also associated with the INA.

1943 : Rash Behari Bose handed over control of the INA to Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose was able to reorganize the fledgling army and organize massive support among the expatriate Indian population in southeast Asia, who lent their support by both enlisting in the Indian National Army, as well as financially in response to Bose’s calls for sacrifice for the independence cause.

INA had a separate women’s unit, the Rani of Jhansi Regiment (named after Rani Lakshmi Bai) headed by Capt. Lakshmi Swaminathan is seen as a first of its kind in Asia.

Bose was able to maintain support for the Azad Hind movement throughout. Bose’s most famous quote was “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!” was spoken as a part of a motivational speech for the Indian National Army at a rally of Indians in Burma on 4 July 1944, In this, he urged the people of India to join him in his fight against the British Raj.

1944: An Indian tricolour was raised for the first time in the town of Moirang, Manipur by the INA troops during their support of the Japanese to thrust towards Eastern Indian frontiers.

1945: The United States allied aerial bombing resulted in losses for the Japanese. The Japanese retreat left cut-off INA. Many INA troops were captured in the Battle of Imphal and Kohima.

Japan’s surrender at the end of the war also led to the surrender of the remaining elements of the Indian National Army. The INA prisoners were then repatriated to India and some were tried for treason.

Death of Subhas Chandra Bose

18 th August 1945: As the INA forces were being captured or surrendering, Bose travelled to Tokyo via Taiwan when his plane crashed.

Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945.

Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash, not much information is available regarding this.

The ideology of Subhas Chandra Bose

He was influenced by Bhagavad Gita and believed Gita to be a source of inspiration for the struggle against the British.

Swami Vivekananda’s teachings of universalism, nationalistic thoughts also greatly influenced bose since his young days.

He was attracted to concepts of socialism and communism during his days in the Congress party. But he believed it will work in India if a synthesis between national socialism and communism is established.

He supported the empowerment of women, secularism, and other liberal ideas; but didn’t believe that democracy was the best for India.

Quotes by Subhas Chandra Bose

Bose gave the most famous quote “Give me blood and I will give you freedom”.

Another famous quote was  Dilli Chalo  (On to Delhi), the call he used to give the INA armies to motivate them.

Jai Hind or, Glory to India was another slogan given by him and which was later adopted by the Government of India and the Indian Armed Forces.

He also coined was “Ittihad, Etemad, Qurbani” (Urdu for Unity, Agreement, Sacrifice).

INA also used the slogan Inquilab Zindabad, coined by Maulana Hasrat Mohani

Statue of Netaji at India Gate

The government has decided to   install a grand statue of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose at India Gate to commemorate his 125 th  birth anniversary and as part of the year-long celebrations. The PM inaugurated a hologram at India gate which will be replaced by a statue later on.

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Champion of freedom who inspired the world

Netaji was born in cuttack in odisha in 1897, graduated from kolkata, and proved his mettle by becoming an indian civil services (ics) officer. but he was not accustomed to a life of comfort and amenities that came with his job. he was a warrior, who had to wage the freedom struggle..

By Prahlad Singh Patel

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose ’s life is a story of struggle. It is the story of a young dreamer that tells the saga of consciousness, struggle and success in every eye; one who has the power to rip the ground with his arms; one who talks about making a hole in the sky; one who is anxious to achieve his goals; one who does not accept anything for free; and if he wants freedom, he is ready to spill his blood. Thousands of people sacrificed their lives on Netaji’s call. He created an army against the British in no time.

Netaji was born in Cuttack in Odisha in 1897, graduated from Kolkata, and proved his mettle by becoming an Indian Civil Services (ICS) officer. But he was not accustomed to a life of comfort and amenities that came with his job. He was a warrior, who had to wage the freedom struggle. Not only did he embrace the freedom movement wholeheartedly, but also became an inspiration for freedom. With the slogan “Give me blood and I will give you freedom”, he started preparing to awaken the country. Such was the charisma of his philosophy and personality that whoever listened to him was attracted to him. His popularity skyrocketed and he became “Netaji” to the general public.

He was so fond of Bharat Mata that his country tied to the chains of slavery did not let him live peacefully. People beyond India’s borders also developed a fascination for him. Heads of states of important countries stood by him and Netaji lit the fire of the freedom struggle beyond India’s shores. He built a force and presented that force before the enemies of the country as the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army). He gave the slogan of “Dilli Chalo” with a new spirit. Thousands of soldiers of his 60,000-strong army sacrificed their lives for the country.

“Success always stands on the pillar of failure.” Bose lived with this philosophy and also inspired others. Netaji encountered failures several times, but he converted those failures to triumph with his struggle. Whether it is municipal politics, the journey from a common Congressman to the Congress president’s position, the formation of the Forward Bloc or the struggle of the Indian National Army, he passed every test with distinction.

Bose accepted the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, but ironically, Gandhiji himself became the cause of him leaving the Congress. But the two leaders always had respect for each other.

At the time of India’s independence, Clement Attlee was the British Prime Minister. He came to Kolkata in 1956. At that time, his host, governor and former Calcutta high court chief justice PB Chakravartti, tried to find out from him the reason behind the British decision to grant freedom to India. In response, Attlee said that the loyalty of the Indian army and navy to the British state was declining due to the increasing military activities of Bose’s Azad Hind Fauj. This was one of the major reasons. This acknowledgement proves the great contribution of Bose to India’s independence. It finds a mention in a letter written to the publisher by Justice Chakravartti in the book “A History of Bengal” by RC Majumdar.

Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh had a major contribution in the life of Netaji. The banks of the Narmada transformed his life. The Tripuri Congress session was held from March 4-11, 1939 in Jabalpur. Despite poor health, Netaji had arrived on a stretcher to participate in it. Thereafter, he came again to Jabalpur on July 4, 1939 to form the Forward Bloc. The people of Madhya Pradesh have a deep relationship with Netaji. In every town of the state, there’s a ward in his name. Subhas Chandra Bose’s message to his colleagues was: “Success may be distant, but it is imperative”. Bose used to say, “If a person is not obsessed, he can never become great. But he should also have something else inside him.” Bose is credited with giving global identity to the Indian leadership. Earlier, Swami Vivekananda had enlightened the world about India’s spiritual and cultural superiority and identity.

Netaji was also fluent in many Indian languages. Bose’s struggle for freedom proved to be an inspiration not just for India, but also for all Third World countries. The Indian freedom struggle and the war of independence led by Bose had a profound impact on those countries. Netaji’s status establishes him as the “hero of freedom” globally.

The writer is minister of state (Independent Charge), ministry of Culture and Tourism

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography: Birth, Death Anniversary, Achievements, Contributions and More

Netaji subhas chandra bose biography: he is an indian nationalist whose patriotism towards india has left a mark in the hearts of many indians. on netaji's birth anniversary, let us read more about him.  .

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian Nationalist whose patriotism towards India has left a mark in the hearts of many Indians. He is famously known as the founder of 'Azad Hind Fauj' and his famous slogan is 'Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Aazadi Dunga'. Today we are celebrating his 126th Birth Anniversary as Parakram Diwas.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on  23 January,1897 in Cuttack, Orissa and he died on 18 August,1945, in a hospital in Taiwan after suffering from burn injuries sustained in a plane crash. 

Subhas Chandra Bose: Family history and early life

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa)  to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling at the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.

Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2024: Quotes, Wishes, Books, Slogans, Poems, and more

Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress

He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement which was started by Mahatma Gandhi who made INC a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement, he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.

In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from the use of the country’s own resources. Bose’s vindication came in 1939 when he defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the “rebel president” felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi’s support.

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Subhas Chandra Bose and the formation of Forward Bloc

All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India that emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was well known for his leftist views in Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence to the application of principles of equality and social justice.

Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz

An important development in the struggle for freedom during the Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians living in the countries of south-east Asia.

When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of Southeast Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war to liberate India from British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.

In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from India in 1941 and went to Germany to work for India’s Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among whom were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of southeast Asia.

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On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.

The Indian nationalist movement did not view the Japanese government as a friend of India. Its sympathies were with the people of those countries which had fallen victim to Japan’s aggression. Netaji, however, believed that with the help of the Azad Hind Fauj, supported by Japan, and a revolt inside India, the British rule over India could be ended. The Azad Hind Fauj, with the slogan of ‘Delhi Chalo’ and the salutation Jai Hind, was a source of inspiration to Indians, inside and outside the country. Netaji rallied together with the Indians of all religions and regions, living in southeast Asia, for the cause of India’s freedom.

Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the freedom of India. A women’s regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of India’s struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days after Japan had surrendered.

The Second World War ended in 1945 with the defeat of fascist Germany and Italy. Millions of people were killed in the war. When the war was nearing its end and Italy and Germany had already been defeated, the U.S.A. dropped atom bombs on the two cities of Japan-Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Within a few moments, these cities were burnt to the ground and over 200,000 people were killed. Japan surrendered soon after this. Though the use of the atom bombs brought the war to a close, it led to new tensions in the world and to a new competition for making more and more deadly weapons that might destroy all mankind.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• Who said the famous slogan Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Dunga'? + The famous slogan 'Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Aazadi Dunga' is by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
• Who founded 'Azad Hind Fauj'? + Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian Nationalist whose patriotism towards India has left a mark in the hearts of many Indians. He is famously known as the founder of 'Azad Hind Fauj'.
• When was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose born? + Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January,1897 in Cuttack, Orissa and he died on 18 August,1945, in a hospital in Taiwan after suffering from burn injuries sustained in a plane crash.
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• Honouring the Legacy of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose --> Honouring the Legacy of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose --> Honouring the Legacy of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Honouring the Legacy of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

"Never lose faith in the dream of independent India, there is no power in the world that can shake India." - Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose - Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose is celebrated for his unparalleled dedication to opposing colonial rule in India. As a visionary leader, Bose played a pivotal role in energising the masses and mobilising them toward the objective of independence from British colonial dominance. His steadfast commitment to the cause served as a profound source of inspiration, prompting crore of Indians to engage in the struggle for freedom actively. Despite his remarkable stature and numerous admirable qualities, Netaji's contributions often went unrecognised by earlier governments. However, in the last decade, aligning with Prime Minister Modi's vision to honour the significant contributions of freedom fighters, the government, through numerous efforts, has been paying tribute to his velour. From celebrating his birth anniversary as Parakram Diwas to renaming the island of Andaman and Nicobar after his name, the government is committed to propagating Netaji's ideas to inspire the Amrit Peedhi.

Attempts to Commemorate Netaji The youth in India continue seeking inspiration in Netaji's life and work. Over the past ten years, the government has focused on ensuring that this motivation remains deeply embedded in our collective psyche. Several efforts have been undertaken to pay tribute to his legacy.

January 23 is the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, more commonly known as Parakram Diwas, which translates as "Day of Valour." This annual event is celebrated across the country by the Modi government to inspire the country's citizens, particularly the younger generation, to show courage in challenging circumstances like those that confronted Netaji and cultivate a strong sense of patriotism in them.

A museum inside the Red Fort dedicated to preserving and celebrating Bose's and the Indian National Army's (INA) heritage is another step towards realising Netaji's vision. Red Fort is highly significant to INA history. This museum, which Prime Minister Modi opened on Netaji's birthday in 2019, offers an in-depth account of Subhash Chandra Bose and the INA. It proudly displays an array of objects associated with Netaji and the INA, such as his famous wooden chair and sword, uniforms, badges, medals, and other things. When it comes to paying honor to Azad Hind Fauj's heritage, the above-mentioned efforts such as the dedicated museum in Redfort set the PM Modi government apart. No other government in the course of the history of independent India had accomplished this.

On December 30, 2018, PM Modi visited the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and underlined the INA and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's timeless values again. In honour of the 75th anniversary of Netaji's famous Tricolour raising on Indian soil, Prime Minister Modi issued a commemorative First Day Cover, coin, and postal stamp. He treasured the memories of the multitude of Andaman youth who reacted to Netaji's call by dedicating their lives to the freedom movement in India. An evocative reminder of the historic day in 1943, when Netaji hoisted the Tricolour, is provided by the imposing 150-foot mast carrying the flag. Ross Island was christened after Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Dweep as a homage to Netaji's past. In a momentous event, PM Modi virtually unveiled the plan for the proposed memorial to honour Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 2023. The planned site of this monumental memorial is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Dweep.

PM Modi spared no effort in paying tribute to Netaji's inspiring legacy. In a meeting with the Prime Minister in October 2015, the family of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose urged the declassification of government documents about Netaji. Concerning this request, PM Modi moved swiftly, making digital versions of 100 "Netaji Files" accessible to the public in January 2018 at the National Archives of India. This step in a way has made it easier for common public to know about Netaji’s life and vision. Furthermore, on October 21, 2018, the "Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar" award was announced to honour outstanding contributions and services provided in the field of disaster management by individuals and organisations throughout India.

In 2022, the government built a Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose statue at Kartvaya Path in tandem with the "Panch Pran." Standing 28 feet tall and crafted from jet-black granite, the magnificent monument is located beneath the Canopy adjacent to the India Gate. It is the exact location where PM Modi presented a hologram statue of Netaji on Parakram Diwas in 2022 to mark the 125th anniversary of Netaji's birth. The government displayed its unequivocal commitment to the second Panch Pran, or eradicating any remnant of the colonial mindset, by renaming Rajpath as Kartavya Path and installing a statue of Netaji at the iconic India Gate.

In conclusion, Netaji's profound ideas will continue to enlighten India as it embarks on the Amrit Kaal. His dream of liberation still inspires every Indian. The magnificent legacy of Netaji is being honoured by the PM Modi-led government initiatives, which ensure that his values will remain relevant and motivate our Amirt Peedi to reach new heights.

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“Delhi has the good fortune to get an opportunity of keeping the flag of nations' prestige flying high.” - PM Narendra Modi as Delhi prepared to host the G20 Summit

The last ten years of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government have set in motion the creation of a New India—from rural to urban, from water to electricity, from houses to health, from education to employment, from castes to classes—a comprehensive plan bringing growth and prosperity to each doorstep.

The National Capital Territory of Delhi has emerged as a pivotal part of this dynamic developmental momentum spearheaded by PM Modi throughout this transformative decade.

The city has been at the heart of the infrastructural shift that has given a dedicated facelift to the entire nation. Today infrastructural marvels like Atal Setu, Chenab Bridge, Statue of Unity, and Zojila Tunnel dot India’s ever-evolving landscape.

With its focus on revamping transportation networks, upgrading urban amenities, and expanding digital infrastructure, the Modi government has launched an array of transformative initiatives. From railways, highways to airports, these initiatives have been key in galvanising inclusive and sustainable development across the length and breadth of the country.

The impressive expansion of the metro rail network has revolutionised urban commuting in India. From a mere 5 cities in 2014, the metro rail network now serves 21 cities across the nation—expanding from 248 km in 2014 to 945 km by 2024, with 919 km of lines under construction in 26 additional cities.

The Union Cabinet has recently approved two new corridors of Delhi Metro Phase-IV—Lajpat Nagar to Saket G-Block and Inderlok to Indraprastha. Both the lines have a combined length of over 20 kms with a project cost of over Rs. 8,000 crore (funding being sourced from the Union Govt, Govt of Delhi, and international agencies). The Inderlok- Indraprastha line will play a significant role in enhancing connectivity to the Bahadurgarh region of Haryana. Additionally, India’s first Namo Bharat train, operating on the Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) corridor further underlines the Modi government’s commitment to enhancing regional connectivity and upgrading its transportation infrastructure.

Further, the Bharatmala Pariyojana envisages improved logistics efficiency and connectivity via the development of nearly 35,000 km of National Highway corridors. 25 greenfield high-speed corridors have been planned under the plan out of which four intersect with Delhi’s growing infra capacity: Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway, Delhi-Saharanpur-Dehradun Expressway, and the Urban Extension Road-II. The total project length sanctioned for Delhi is 203 km with an allocation of over Rs. 18,000 crore.

Over the past decade, the Modi government has consistently dedicated efforts towards augmenting capacity and decongestion of airports. After the IGI Airport Delhi became the first airport in the country to have four runways and an elevated taxiway, the expanded state-of-the-art Terminal 1 has also been inaugurated recently. In addition, the upcoming Noida International Airport (Jewar) shall further contribute to decongestion of the Delhi airport which is serving millions of passengers annually.

Besides, the inauguration of the New Parliament has further added civilisational yet modern connotations to the city’s landscape. Inauguration of the Yashobhoomi (India International Convention & Expo Centre) has given Delhi India’s largest convention and exhibition centre, offering a mixed purpose tourism experience. Along with Yashobhoomi, the Bharat Mandapam, a world-class convention and exhibition centre, showcases India to the world.

In terms of welfare, the Modi government has launched several schemes benefitting people hitherto on the margins of growth and development. Women’s safety in Delhi has been a key concern. To address the same, the Modi government strengthened the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 by increasing the quantum of punishment for rape, including capital punishment for rape of a girlchild below the age of 12.

The Union Home Ministry established a separate Women Safety Division back in 2018. One-stop centers, Sakhi Niwas, Safe City Project, Nirbhaya Fund, SHe-Box, Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences, and Cri-MAC (Crime Multi-Agency Center) among others are significant additions in the government’s campaign towards women safety.

In addition, Swachh Bharat Mission, PM Ujjwala Yojana, PM Matru Vandana Yojana, and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao have further led to the empowerment of Nari Shakti in India.

As India becomes the 3rd largest startup ecosystem in the world, Delhi is also contributing significantly towards this development. Today over 13,000 DPIIT-recognised startups are functioning in Delhi even as the government is promoting self-employment through PM MUDRA Yojana with over 2.3 lakh loans sanctioned worth over Rs. 3,000 crore for FY2023-24 (as on 26.01.2024).

PM SVANidhi, which provides collateral free loans to street vendors, is supporting over 1.67 lakh beneficiaries in Delhi. Further, under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana, launched in 2020 to incentivise employers for creation of new employment and restoration of loss of employment during Covid-19 pandemic, over 2.2 lakh employees benefitted in Delhi.

Further, nearly 30,000 houses have been sanctioned and completed in Delhi under PM Awas Yojana (Urban).

Air pollution has been a recurring problem for the people of Delhi. Conscious of this reality, the central government has launched the National Clean Air Programme as a national level strategy to reduce air pollution level across the country.

The Modi government's tenure over the last decade has brought about a remarkable transformation in Delhi across various fronts. From infrastructure development to governance reforms, from education to employment, the government's initiatives have left an indelible mark on the capital city. As Delhi continues on its journey of progress and development, the contributions of the Modi government are set to shape its future trajectory for years to come.

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Anniversary: Biography, Revolutionary, Visionary and Freedom Fighter

Subhas Chandra Bose birthday is commemorated every year on January 23. This year marks the 127th anniversary of his birthday. This day is also celebrated as 'Parakram Diwas' or Courage Day.

Context: Subhas Chandra Bose birthday is commemorated every year on January 23.

• This year marks the 127th anniversary of his birthday. This day is also celebrated as ‘Parakram Diwas’ or Courage Day.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Political Journey and Ideological Evolution

• Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province, to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose.  
• His Jayanti is celebrated as ‘Parakram Diwas’ on 23rd January.

• Career in Civil Services: In 1919, he had cleared the Indian Civil Services (ICS) examination. Bose, however, resigned later.
• Spiritual Inspiration: He was highly influenced by Vivekananda’s teachings and considered him as his spiritual Guru. 
• Political Inspiration: His political mentor was Chittaranjan Das. 
• News Papers: He worked as the editor for Das’s newspaper–Forward, and later started his own newspaper, Swaraj.
• Early Association with INC:   He was deeply influenced by the non-cooperation movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Congress in 1921.
• Rise to Prominence:   Bose quickly rose to prominence within the INC due to his charisma and leadership qualities. He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1938 and again in 1939.
• Differences with Gandhi: One of the key disagreements was over the use of non-violence as a means of achieving independence.
• In March 1940, Bose convened an Anti-Compromise Conference at Ramgarh; it was a joint effort of the Forward Bloc and the Kisan Sabha.

Ideological Differences: Gandhi and Bose’s Perspectives on Freedom and Governance”

The indian national army (ina): formation, activities, and legacy.

• Inception: The INA was originally envisioned by Mohan Singh, an Indian army officer who sought Japanese support during World War II.
• Initially, the Japanese handed over Indian prisoners of war (POWs) to Mohan Singh, who attempted to recruit them into the INA.
• With the fall of Singapore, many Indian POWs were willing to join the INA, and by the end of 1942, around 40,000 men were ready to participate.
• The INA’s first division was formed in September 1942, with 16,300 men, coinciding with the Quit India Movement.
• Subhas Chandra Bose took over the leadership of the INA in 1943 and formed the Provisional Government for Free India in Singapore.
• The provisional government declared war on Britain and the United States and was recognized by the Axis powers.
• The INA created various regiments, including the Rani Jhansi Regiment for women.
• INA troops crossed into India in 1944 with the slogan “Chalo Delhi!” but had to withdraw as the Japanese retreated.
• The INA’s fate was sealed with Japan’s surrender in August 1945, and many members were taken prisoner.
• Subhas Chandra Bose’s death in an air crash in 1945 marked the end of the INA’s activities, but the soldiers’ court-martial upon their return to India sparked a powerful movement in their defense.

Frequently Asked Questions

What were subhas chandra bose's sources of inspiration, how did subhas chandra bose differ from mahatma gandhi in their approach to independence, what was the forward bloc, and why did bose form it, what role did netaji subhas chandra bose play during world war ii, what happened to the ina after world war ii, what was the significance of the rani jhansi regiment in the ina, what were some of subhas chandra bose's economic and social ideologies.

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"Beloved National Hero": India Remembers Netaji On 125th Birth Anniversary

Subhas chandra bose jayanti: pm modi will release a book 'letters of netaji' during an event in kolkata today..

Netaji Birthday: The temple in Tokyo in which an urn of Subhas Chandra Bose's ashses lies.

President Ram Nath Kovind and Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the nation in paying tribute to country's "beloved national hero", Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, on his 125th birth anniversary today. "Netaji's patriotism and sacrifice shall always inspire us," the President said in a series of tweets and wished his "patriotism and sacrifice will continue to inspire us".

"Tributes to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose as the nation commences his 125th birth anniversary celebrations. It is befitting to celebrate this day as "Parakram Diwas" to honour his boundless courage and valour. Netaji instilled the fervour of nationalism among his countless followers," President Kovind tweeted, adding "we are committed to strengthen the spirit of freedom so strongly espoused by him".

Netaji is one of our most beloved national heroes who made extraordinary contribution to India's freedom struggle. Netaji's patriotism and sacrifice shall always inspire us. We are committed to strengthen the spirit of freedom so strongly espoused by him. - President of India (@rashtrapatibhvn) January 23, 2021

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, meanwhile, referred Netaji as the "true son of Mother India" and said the nation will always remember his sacrifice and dedication for its independence.

"Tributes to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a great freedom fighter and a true son of Mother India, on his birth anniversary," the prime minister, who will be in West Bengal to address "Parakram Diwas" celebrations in Kolkata to commemorate Bose's birth anniversary, said in a tweet in Hindi.

"Netaji personified valour, determination and sacrifice," tweeted Vice President Venkaiah Naidu in his tribute to the freedom fighter and added that the nation will forever be grateful to Netaji for his enormous contribution in India's freedom struggle.

One individual may die for an idea, but that idea will, after his death, incarnate itself in a thousand lives. - Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose My respectful tributes to the iconic freedom fighter and visionary leader, #Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose on his birth anniversary today. pic.twitter.com/3RnnWV8CvD - Vice President of India (@VPSecretariat) January 23, 2021

Home Minister Amit Shah said the youngsters of the country were united under Netaji's charismatic leadership, which gave new strength to India's freedom struggle.

"The courage and valour of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose gave new strength to the Indian freedom struggle. He organised the youngsters of the country with his charismatic leadership under adverse circumstances. On the 125th birth anniversary of such a great hero of the freedom movement, I pay my heartfelt tributes," Mr Shah said in a tweet in Hindi.

The home minister, who is on a two-day visit to Assam and Meghalaya, also paid tributes to Subhas Chandra Bose in front of his portrait in Guwahati.

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In his tribute, Aviation Minister Hardeep Singh Puri said that he has had the priviledge to visit Renkoji Temple in Japan where the revolutionary's ashes were interred. "Netaji's thoughts and ideals continue to guide us towards a confident & self-reliant future," Mr Puri tweeted.

During my days as a young political officer in @IndianAmbTokyo, I had the privilege of paying tribute to Netaji's legacy. The India Desk Officer of Gaimusho & I often visited Renkoji Temple where the revolutionary's ashes were interred & we thanked the priest who cared for them. pic.twitter.com/O1znakmOY6 - Hardeep Singh Puri (@HardeepSPuri) January 23, 2021

Maharashtra Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray paid floral tributes to the founder of the Indian National Army at "Matoshree", his private residence in suburban Bandra in Mumbai.

Meanwhile, PM Modi will release a book 'Letters of Netaji' during an event in Kolkata today. The final song followed at the event will be 'Subh Sukh Chain', the  anthem of the INA, which will be presented by Usha Uthup, Papon and Soumyojit, joined by singers like  Annwesha, Somlata and others.

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography, Jayanti, Achievements

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the year 1897 and died in the year 1945. Read all about Subhash Chandra Bose Biography, History, Achievements for UPSC.

Table of Contents

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

The patriotism of Indian Nationalist Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has left a lasting impression on many Indians On January 23, 1897, he was born in Cuttack, Orissa. He is well-known for founding the organization “Azad Hind Fauj,” and his slogan is “Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Dunga.” The burn injuries he sustained in a plane crash caused Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose to pass away on August 18, 1945, at a hospital in Taiwan.

The most well-known liberation Indian freedom fighters, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose possessed exceptional leadership qualities and was a charismatic orator. His slogans include “Delhi Chalo,” “tum mujhe khoon do,” and “main tumhe azadi dunga. ” He established Azad Hind Fauj and made numerous contributions to the fight for India’s independence. He is renowned for his socialist policies as well as for the forceful tactics he utilized to win independence.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti

Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti is celebrated on 23rd January every year as a mark of remembrance for his contribution to nation-building. He was born on this day in Cuttack, Odisha. Officially this day is called ‘ Parakram Diwas ‘ to celebrate and imbibe the quality of courage and valour that Subhash Chandra Bose demonstrated throughout his life. It was on this that last year that a towering statue of Netaji was unveiled by the Prime Minister of India at Kartavya Path. Children in schools, teachers, government officials, and politicians cutting across the party lines pay homage to Netaji on this day.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Death

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose died on August 18, 1945, in a plane crash the INA forces were being captured or surrendered and he was en route to Tokyo through Taiwan. On August 18, 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose reportedly perished in an aeroplane collision over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa). There isn’t a lot of information available, despite the widespread belief that he survived the plane disaster.

Subhash Chandra Bose Early Life and Family

The son of Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, on January 23, 1897. His father had the title of “Rai Bahadur” and was a well-known lawyer in Cuttack. Like his siblings, he attended the Protestant European School in Cuttack, which is now Stewart High School. He completed his undergraduate studies at Presidency College.

After reading their writings at the age of 16, Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna’s teachings had an impact on him. Then, to prepare for the Indian Civil Service , his parents sent him to the University of Cambridge in England. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoil in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.

Subhash Chandra Bose Ideology

Bhagavad Gita had an impact on him, and he saw it as a source of inspiration for the fight against the British. From a young age, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was highly affected by the Universalist and nationalistic ideas of Swami Vivekanand .

He was drawn to the ideas of socialism and communism when he was a member of the Congress party. However, he thought it would succeed in India if National Socialism and Communism were to be combined. He favoured gender equality, secularism, and other liberal ideologies, but he didn’t think democracy was ideal for India.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Biography Video

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose History

The following are the Important event which describes Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Contribution to the Indian Freedom fighter.

Subhash Chandra Bose And Indian National Congress

He joined the Non Cooperation Movement , which Mahatma Gandhi founded and turned into a potent non-violent movement. Mahatma Gandhi  recommended he collaborate with Chittaranjan Das, who later served as his political mentor, during the agitation. Following that, he worked as a youth educator and volunteer commander for the Bengal Congress. He founded the “Swaraj” newspaper. After being released from prison in 1927, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose joined the Congress party as general secretary and fought for independence with Jawaharlal Nehru.

At the time of the Civil Disobedience Movement  Bose was in detention for linking with a Bengal revolutionary group. He became the Mayor of Calcutta while in prison. Thereafter he was released and detained several times on suspected links to revolutionary groups. Finally, he was released on grounds of poor health and allowed by the government to go to Europe. He returned from Europe in 1936 and remained in detention for about a year.

After being elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1938, he established a national planning committee and developed a wide industrialization agenda. However, Gandhian economic theory, which stuck to the idea of cottage industries and profiting from the utilization of the nation’s resources, did not agree with this. When Subhash Chandra Bose won his reelection bid in 1939 over a Gandhian opponent, it served as vindication for him. Nevertheless, the “rebel president” felt compelled to step down because Gandhi didn’t back him.

Subhash Chandra Bose Escape from India

Subhash Chandra Bose evaded house arrest in 1941 and left India wearing a disguise. Adolf Hitler even met with him, and he began to receive backing from Nazi Germany. He established the Free India Center in Berlin and recruited Indian POWs who had previously fought for the British in North Africa before being captured by Axis troops to form the Indian Legion, which now numbers about 4500 soldiers.

The Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and representatives of the Special Bureau for India in Berlin placed the title of Netaji on Bose in Germany in 1942. Nazi Germany was slipping backwards in the west in the years 1942–1943 when World War II was in full flow. Japanese forces were rapidly approaching in the east. The Bengal Famine and the Quit India campaign were both raging in India. Subhash Chandra Bose left for Japan in 1943 after experiencing failure in Germany.

Azad Hind Fauj or Indian National Army (INA)

The establishment and efforts of the Azad Hind Fauj commonly referred to as the Indian National Army, or INA, during the Second World War were a significant development in the liberation struggle. With the help of Indians living in Southeast Asian nations, Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had fled his country and spent many years living in Japan, founded the Indian Independence League.

• General Mohan Singh, a former British Indian army officer, significantly aided in organizing the INA.
• Bose, in exile in Germany, arrived in Singapore in 1943 to lead the INA.
• Azad Hind Fauj comprised 45,000 soldiers, including Indian prisoners of war and settlers in Southeast Asia.
• On October 21, 1943, Bose declared the provisional administration of independent India in Singapore.
• INA launched an offensive in early 1944, attempting to drive the British out of northeastern India.
• Despite their fervent efforts, the attempt to liberate India was unsuccessful.
• While the Indian nationalist movement viewed Japan cautiously, Netaji saw a potential ally in overthrowing British control.
• Azad Hind Fauj and an uprising within India were seen as crucial for India’s freedom.
• Azad Hind Fauj organized a women’s unit, Rani Jhansi, led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan.
• Women played a significant role in the fight for India’s independence.
• Fascist Germany and Italy were defeated in 1945, concluding World War II.
• The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan’s surrender.
• Despite ending the war, atomic weapons caused new global tensions and a race for more destructive arms.

Subhash Chandra Bose: Important Events for UPSC

Here you can check all the important events in the life of Subhash Chandra Bose in the table below:

Explore the page to uncover the untold stories for Other Famous Personalities Biography and gain insights into the profound impact they have had on the world. Check here this link: Biographies of Famous Personalities .

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography FAQs

Why subhash chandra bose is famous.

Subhash Chandra Bose, commonly known as Netaji, is renowned for his contribution to the campaign for Indian independence. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and a member of the noncooperation movement. He belonged to the more militant wing and was well-known for his support of socialist principles.

How did Subhash Chandra Bose died?

Official versions have maintained that Netaji died in an aircraft crash on August 18, 1945, despite the continued doubts of some of his supporters and researchers.

Who called Netaji first time?

Early in 1942, German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin and Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion addressed Bose as Netaji for the first time.

Who inspired Subhash Chandra Bose?

Subhash Chandra Bose was recognized for his ardent patriotism as a student and was greatly affected by Swami Vivekananda's teachings. In 1919, he traveled to England to apply for the Indian Civil Services in order to fulfill his parents' desires.

What is the famous slogan of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose?

Indian revolutionary Subhash Chandra Bose advocated for using force to overthrow the British. In 1943, he enlisted in the Indian National Army. "Tum mujhe khoon do mai tumhe azadi doonga" was one of his most well-known statements (Give me blood, I shall give you freedom) and Jai Hind' & 'Delhi Chalo'.

What did Subhash Chandra Bose do to India?

He organised the first Indian National Army (INA), Azad Hind Fauj, in 1943, launched an armed uprising, and motivated thousands of Indian youths to participate in the fight for freedom from British colonial control.

Who organized the first Indian National Army(INA)?

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Organized the first Indian National Army(INA).

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Subhas Chandra Bose - NCERT Notes for UPSC Indian History

As an Indian Nationalist, Subhash Chandra Bose made significant attempts to defy colonialism. He is one of those great freedom fighters, whom the nation remembers always. For the  IAS Exam , knowing about remarkable freedom fighters and nationalist leaders is important.

This article will provide relevant facts about Subhash Chandra Bose. Candidates can also download the notes PDF from the link provided below.

Subhash Chandra Bose (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here

Who was Subhash Chandra Bose?

• Subhas Chandra Bose was one of the most eminent freedom fighters of India.
• Born in Cuttack, in the province of Bengal to an affluent family. He was educated in Calcutta acquiring a degree in philosophy. Subhas Chandra Bose was Selected for the Indian Civil Services (ICS) but refused to take up service since he did not want to serve the British government.
• Bose joined the Indian National Congress (Formed on December 28, 1885) in 1921. He also started a newspaper called ‘Swaraj’.
• He was the President of the All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress. In 1924, he became the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation. In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta.
• Bose authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942. The book was banned by the British government.
• He coined the term ‘Jai Hind’. His charisma and powerful personality inspired many people into the freedom struggle and continues to inspire Indians. He was called Netaji.

For candidates taking history as an optional in the UPSC Mains exam, visit the UPSC History Optional Syllabus page to get a general idea about its exam pattern.

Subhash Chandra Bose’s Role in Indian Independence Struggle

• Bose was sent to prison in Mandalay for nationalist activities in 1925. He was released in 1927 and became the INC’s general secretary.
• He worked with Jawaharlal Nehru (Born on November 14 – 1889) and the two became the Congress Party’s young leaders gaining popularity among the people.
• He advocated complete Swaraj and was in favour of the use of force to gain it.
• He had differences with Gandhi and he wasn’t keen on non-violence as a tool for independence.
• Bose stood for and was elected the party’s president in 1939 but was forced to resign due to differences with Gandhi’s supporters.
• Bose’s ideology tilted towards socialism and leftist authoritarianism. He formed the All India Forward Bloc in 1939 as a faction within the Congress.
• At the start of the Second World War, Bose protested against the government for not consulting Indians before dragging them into the war. He was arrested when he organised protests in Calcutta for the removal of the monument memorialising the Black Hole of Calcutta.
• He was released after a few days but was kept under surveillance. He then made his escape from the country in 1941 to Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. He had previously travelled to Europe and met with Indian students and European political leaders.
• In Germany, he met with the Nazi leaders and hoped to stage an armed struggle against the British to gain independence. He hoped to befriend the Axis powers since they were against his ‘enemy’, the British.
• He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who were in the British army and had been taken prisoners by the Germans from North Africa.
• In 1943, he left Germany for Japan disillusioned with the lukewarm German support for Azad Hind.
• Bose’s arrival in Japan revived the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) which had been formed earlier with Japanese help.
• Azad Hind or the Provisional Government of Free India was established as a government-in-exile with Bose as the head. Its headquarters was in Singapore. The INA was its military.
• Bose motivated the troops with his fiery speeches. His famous quote is, “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!”
• The INA supported the Japanese army in its invasion of northeast India and also took control of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, they were forced to retreat by the British forces following the Battles of Kohima and Imphal in 1944.

Candidates can find UPSC Questions for History Mains paper by visiting the linked article.

Death of Subhash Chandra Bose

• Bose died of third-degree burns which he suffered in a plane crash in Taiwan on 18 August 1945.
• However, many in India refused to believe that he had died.
• Many enquiry committees were tasked with finding out what happened on that day.
• The Figgess Report (1946) and the Shah Nawaz Committee (1956) concluded that Bose died in the plane crash in Taiwan.
• The Khosla Commission (1970) also concurred with the previous reports.
• But the Mukherjee Commission (2005) said that Bose’s death could not be proved. This report was rejected by the government.

Multiple Choice Question

• Subash Chandra Bose authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942. The book was banned by the British government.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926 to promote revolution against British rule by rallying workers and peasant youth. He was the organization’s secretary.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak also started two important festivals (now the prime festival in Maharashtra and adjacent states). Shivaji Jayanti in 1895 and Ganesha festival in 1893.

Choose the correct answer from the below-given options

A) Only Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true

B) Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are true

C) All the above-given statements are true

D) Only statements 1, 2, and 4 are true

Relevant Links

For more UPSC- related preparation articles and history-related articles, visit the links that are given in the table below. Candidates can get a general idea of the UPSC exam pattern by visiting the UPSC syllabus page.

Related Links

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• Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti: Celebrating a Freedom Icon

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2024

Subhas Chandra Bose , lovingly known as Netaji by his followers, was one of the most important revolutionary freedom fighters in the Indian freedom movement. Every year Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti is celebrated on his birth date, January 23. His birthday is also officially known as Parakram Divas since 2021. As the founder of the Azad Hind Fauj and the head of the Indian National Army. He famously said, “You give me blood, and I shall give you freedom.” So, let’s learn more about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti , the person behind the celebration, and how the celebrations take place across India.

Significance of Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti?

Subhas Chandra Bose is a celebrated public figure in India even after more than seventy years of his alleged death. He remained a youth icon in India and a symbol of patriotism and valour. His birth date is celebrated as Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti all over India. This day is considered a government holiday in states like West Bengal, Tripura, Jharkhand, and Assam. The central government announced that from 2021, his birthday would be Parakram Divas.

Who Was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose?

Subhas Chandra Bose was born in 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Pravabati Devi. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Birthplace Cuttack, Odisha, proudly claims to be the birthplace of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. A visit to this historic city offers a glimpse into the early life of one of India's most revered leaders. His father was an advocate by profession. From an early age, Subhas was patriotic, and many stories and accounts showcase his patriotic side from an early age. After completing his schooling, he went on to pursue a career as a civil servant. However, his patriotic side didn’t agree with him serving the British government, so he resigned from his post and joined the Indian national movement.

He was a prolific leader and worked with an underground group of revolutionaries out of Kolkata against the British. At the same time, he also worked as a newspaper editor for Chittaranjan Das and was eventually chosen to be the President of the Bengal Youth Congress. He rose through the ranks of Congress swiftly. In 1938, he won the election to be the President of the Indian National Congress, where he proposed the idea of complete freedom from the British.

The following year, he again won the election against a candidate backed by Mahatma Gandhi himself. Gandhiji was not fond of Subhas Chandra Bose’s revolutionary ideology. Even though they both wanted India’s freedom from the British, their methodologies differed extensively. So, to avoid further conflict in Congress, Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from his position and created his party, the Forward Block. It should be noted that even in disagreement, both Netaji and Gandhiji shared immense respect and love for each other.

In 1941, he escaped house arrest and travelled to Germany. He was not a fan of Germany’s racist propaganda and ethnic cleansing projects. However, he understood that it was crucial to ally with the Axis powers during the Second World War to free India from the British. In 1943, he was called upon by Rashbehari Bose to head the first Indian National Army, which he renamed to be the Azad Hind Fauj. He led the Indian armed revolution against the British.

Death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

There is some controversy regarding his death, but it is widely believed that he passed away in a plane crash/accident on August 18 1945. He was a staunch patriot and fought till his last breath to give India freedom. Even though his actions did not directly lead to India’s independence, he was a crucial figure in the process and one who led India through the toughest times and inspired generations to join the freedom movement. So, to celebrate the bravado and sacrifice of this brave Indian, the Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti date was chosen by the Indian government.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Speech:

Netaji's speeches were electrifying, and infused with passion for freedom. His call for "Deliverance must come" and "Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Dunga" echoed his commitment to the cause, leaving an indelible mark on history.

How is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti Celebrated?

Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti is celebrated across the country. On his birth anniversary in 2022, the Prime Minister of India renamed three Andaman and Nicobar islands. It was done to mark the 75th anniversary of the first time the Indian flag was hoisted in India by Subhas Chandra Bose. Across the country, flag hoisting is a common way of celebrating Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti.

In states like West Bengal, Tripura, Jharkhand, and Assam, where Parakram Divas are considered a government holiday, students and cultural groups organise events to honour and remember Netaji. You can find Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti images, and Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti quotes on the internet to better understand how the celebrations occur on this day across the country.

Apart from schools and colleges, special celebrations took place in different parts of India that were significant to Netaji. These sites include Netaji Bhawan in Kolkata, which used to be his Kolkata residence. He was on house arrest in this house before his miraculous escape from Kolkata to Germany and then Japan.

Celebrations are also organised at Netaji Museum in Kurseong, where he lived for seven years. Several INA museums across the country, namely in Morang and New Delhi, are also locations where special celebration functions are organised on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti to honour his service and sacrifice.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Essay:

“Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a revered leader in India's fight for independence, was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha. His unwavering dedication to the cause of freedom earned him the title "Netaji," meaning "Respected Leader." Bose's belief in a free India led him to establish the Forward Bloc and later, the Indian National Army (INA).

Known for his charismatic leadership, Netaji played a pivotal role in shaping India's destiny. His famous slogan, "Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom," reflects his commitment to the struggle for independence. Despite facing opposition, he staunchly believed in the need for armed resistance against British rule.

Bose's audacious escape to Germany and later Japan during World War II showcased his determination to seek international support for India's cause. In 1943, he formed the Azad Hind Government in Singapore, declaring war against the British alongside the INA.

Tragically, Netaji's life was cut short in a plane crash in Taiwan in 1945, leaving a legacy of courage and patriotism. His contributions to India's freedom movement continue to inspire generations. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose remains a symbol of indomitable spirit, resilience, and the unwavering pursuit of liberty, making him an iconic figure in India's struggle for independence.”

Thoughts of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose:

1. on freedom:.

"Freedom is not given, it is taken. Stand up, strive for it, and it shall be yours."

2. On Unity:

"Our strength lies in unity. Let us embrace diversity and work together for a united India."

3. On Courage:

"Courage is the first virtue. Face challenges with a brave heart, and victory will follow."

4. On Leadership:

"A true leader leads by example, inspiring others to follow the path of righteousness and determination."

5. On Determination:

"Deliverance must come. Stand resolute in your goals, and no force can withhold your destiny."

6. On Education:

"Education is the key to progress. Empower the minds, and you empower the nation."

7. On Patriotism:

"Patriotism is not just in words but in actions. Serve your country selflessly, and it will flourish."

8. On Challenges:

"In challenges, find opportunities. Adversities are the stepping stones to greatness."

9. On Youth:

"The youth is the backbone of a nation. Nurture their potential, and witness the transformation of the future."

10. On Humanity:

"Serve humanity with compassion. In doing so, you contribute to the larger tapestry of a harmonious world."

Inspirational Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Quotes:

1. "Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom."

2. "It is our duty to pay for our liberty with our own blood. The freedom that we shall win through our sacrifice and exertions, we shall be able to preserve with our own strength."

3. "Freedom is the breath of life. A nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people."

4. "One individual may die for an idea, but that idea will, after his death, incarnate itself in a thousand lives."

5. "No real change in history has ever been achieved by discussions."

6. "Nationalism is inspired by the highest ideals of the human race, satyam [the truth], shivam [the god], sundaram [the beautiful]."

7. "You give me your blood, and I will give you Independence!"

8. "Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err."

9. "The secret of political bargaining is to look more strong than what you really are."

10. "India is calling. Blood is calling to blood. Get up, we have no time to lose."

Ladies and Gentlemen,

“Today, I stand before you with a heart filled with determination and a vision for a free and united India. Our journey towards independence is not a path of ease; it demands sacrifices, courage, and unwavering resolve. As we face challenges, let us remember that deliverance must come. Each drop of sweat, every sacrifice, contributes to the tapestry of our nation's freedom.

Our strength lies in unity, and it is the duty of each citizen to contribute to the progress of our motherland. The youth, in particular, holds the power to transform the future. Education is the key that unlocks the doors to progress, and as we empower our minds, we empower the nation.

Patriotism is not a mere expression of words; it requires actions that serve the greater good. Through our collective efforts, we can build a harmonious world where humanity thrives.

Remember, each one of you has the power to make history. It is not in discussions but in actions that real change is achieved. As we move forward, let us be inspired by the highest ideals of the human race—truth, godliness, and beauty.

In conclusion, I call upon you to embrace the challenges, stand with determination, and contribute to the ongoing saga of our nation's freedom. India is calling, and together, we shall answer that call.

Wrapping Up!

So, now when someone asks, when is Netaji’s birthday? You know the answer and a brief history of the figure you celebrate on January 23 every year. So, make sure you take inspiration from the lessons of this brave revolutionary and apply them to your life. It will help you become a person that always focuses on the right path even during difficult times, just like Netaji.

FAQs on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2024

1. When is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Birthday?

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's date of birth is a day of tribute, marked with ceremonies and remembrance. It's an occasion to celebrate his life, leadership, and unwavering dedication to India's fight for independence.

2. When was the Death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose?

The mysterious circumstances surrounding Netaji's death continue to fuel debates. Some theories suggest a plane crash, while others propose a different fate. The ambiguity adds intrigue to the legacy of this iconic freedom fighter.

3. Who Gave the Title Netaji to Subhas Chandra Bose?

The revered title "Netaji" was bestowed upon Subhas Chandra Bose by the Indian National Army (INA), reflecting the immense respect and admiration his followers held for him.

4. About Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a charismatic leader, played a pivotal role in India's fight for freedom. His ideologies, undying spirit, and relentless pursuit of independence make him a towering figure in Indian history.

5. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Information?

Seeking information about Netaji unveils a multifaceted personality—his role in the INA, alliances with Axis powers during World War II, and his impact on India's struggle for independence. A journey through his life reveals a dynamic leader of unwavering conviction.

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ImportantIndia.com

Indian History, Festivals, Essays, Paragraphs, Speeches.

Short Biography of Subhas Chandra Bose (Netaji)

Category: Essays and Paragraphs , Famous and Great Personalities of India , Modern History of India On June 20, 2019 By Mary

Subhash Chandra Bose (Netaji)

Subhash Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist who demonstrated the kind of defiant patriotism that made him earn the respect and admiration of many people and in turn brought him out as a hero.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was instrumental in India getting her freedom because of his active involvement as a freedom fighter. He was known as “Netaji”.

Subhash Chandra Bose was born on the 23 rd day of January, 1897 in Cuttack in India. His birth was at mid day, around 10 minutes past 12-noon. This is in Orissa Division, Bengal Province. His father, Janakinath Bose, was an advocate.

Early life and education

Subhash was a brilliant student who was able to pass his B.A in Philosophy. He was known for his patriotic determination when he was a student.

His father sent him to England to take the Indian Civil Service Examination. Bose came 4th with the highest credits in English. His desire for participation in the freedom movement was however more greater. This is why in April 1921; he resigned from the Indian Civil Service.

In his political career, Subhash Chandra worked under Chittaranjan Das. Subhash Chandra played an instrumental role in inspiring the youth, students, and workers in Calcutta. He became an inspiration and youth icon to envision an independent and free India.

Personality

• He was a selfless leader as he put his own career and life aside for the purpose of pursuing freedom for the motherland.
• He was a determined person as demonstrated by his will to fight for his belief. This was the reason for his decision to carry out his mission despite the threat from the authorities.
• He was also a skillful planner which is why his escape from house arrest was a success.
• Brilliance is also another personality of Subhash as demonstrated by his academic performance.
• He demonstrated good leadership skills and this earned him the respect and admiration of his followers.
• He had a charismatic personality and this was instrumental in his good leadership and the legacy that he was able to leave.
• He was a defiant individual as demonstrated by his strong will to do what he himself thought was right.
• He was patriotic which is why he did everything he could to fight for the freedom of his motherland.

Subhash Chandra Bose strongly opposed the decision to support the British during the Second World War. Bose called out Indians for mass scale movement. He operated on the principle “give me blood and I will give you freedom”. The British imprisoned him for this. While in jail, he declared a hunger strike which resulted in the deterioration of his health and this scared the authorities because of the violent reactions that would come up. They therefore released him and put him under house arrest. He however escaped to Berlin and later formed an army that he called “Indian National Army”.     He began to be known as “Netaji”, which means “Leader”, following his establishment and leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) during Indian’s struggle for independence.

Contribution and Achievements

• Subhash was instrumental in the struggle for independence and therefore freedom for India.
• He also serves as a symbol of unity that motivated the people’s will to come together and fight for their freedom.
• He served as a freedom fighter for his motherland , an instrumental role that saw India gain her independence.
• He also formed the main base for the Subhash Chandra Bose Indian National Army.
• He provided leadership to the Indian National Army after he went to Japan.
• He organized soldiers and formed a provisional government.
• He provided an influential leadership and kept the spirit of nationalism burning throughout the period of National Movement in India.

Inspiration

Subhash Chandra Bose was inspired by his love for his motherland. He had a strong patriotic personality and a strong will to achieve India’s independence. His inspiration therefore was drawn from love for his people towards efforts that gained them their independence.

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Netaji kin slams Kangana Ranaut ahead of Lok Sabha polls: 'Don't distort history for political gain'

Chandra kumar bose said kangana ranaut's statement on netaji subhash chandra bose is 'incomplete'.

After actor-turned-politician Kangana Ranaut claimed that Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the first prime minister of India, the freedom fighter's grandnephew Chandra Kumar Bose urged the BJP leader “not to distort history for her political gains or to appease her party leadership".

Kangana Ranaut is BJP's Lok Sabha candidate from Himachal Pradesh's Mandi. 

At a recent event during campaigning for the elections, she said, “Pehle mujhe ye baat aaj clear karne dijiye. Jab hume azaadi mili toh the first Prime Minister of India, Subhash Chandra Bose, woh kahan gae?" 

To this, in an exclusive conversation with Hindustan Times (HT) , Chandra Kumar Bose said Kangana's statement on the liberator of India, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, is incomplete. 

"Netaji was certainly the head of state, the prime minister of a united, undivided India. The important factor is united and undivided, which she missed out," he told HT .

Bose added that Netaji was also the last prime minister of an undivided and united India. 

"You need to study Netaji's life and times, his books that are written by him. I would request not only Kangana, but all persons who are interested in Netaji, to study his own writings to understand his concept of India, ideology and vision for the country."

Bose was BJP's vice president in West Bengal in 2016 and had quit the party last year.

Netaji's grand nephew asserted that Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was certainly the first prime minister of independent and ‘divided’ India. 

“In order to say that Subhash Bose was the first prime minister and not completing the sentence by saying ‘of undivided India’, it gives somehow a message that you are trying to challenge the first prime minister of the divided dominion of India. These are two different matters," he said.

Also read: Kangana Ranaut says Indians shouldn't have any identity: 'We all are Narendra Modi'

Bharat vs india.

Chandra Kumar Bose said that the Constitution mentions ‘India, that is Bharat’, and there is no difference between the two. 

“Whether you address the nation as ‘Bharat’ or ‘India’, it makes no difference. But it will make a difference if we implement the concept of ‘Bharatiya’, that unfortunately we have failed," he told HT .

He further said that Netaji would be dismayed seeing the present situation in our country, the division among communities. 

"I completely hold the political leadership of our country responsible for the communal feeling," Bose's said.

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