metamorphosis story essay

The Metamorphosis

Franz kafka, everything you need for every book you read..

Gregor Samsa , a traveling salesman, wakes up one morning and discovers that he's transformed into a giant cockroach (or some similar oversized, insect-like vermin). He realizes he's missed his train, and gets acquainted with his awkward new body as he worries about his stressful salesman job. His mother , father , and sister Grete realize something's amiss and knock at his door, but he finds he can't produce human speech and also can't open the door. His boss, the Chief Clerk , arrives, and scolds him for his tardiness and strange behavior, even suggesting that his job might be in danger. Gregor finally opens his door with difficulty and gives the Chief Clerk a long speech about his dutifulness to his job. But no one understands the speech, his family is shocked at his appearance, and the Chief Clerk runs away. Gregor injures himself when he squeezes back through the doorway into his bedroom.

Gregor finds that Grete has brought him some fresh food, which doesn't appeal to him. Gregor resolves to help his family deal with the trouble he's causing them with his metamorphosis. The following morning Grete brings Gregor rotting food, and he eats hungrily. Gregor overhears the family talking about their finances, and determining that they will have to go back to work, now that he can no longer provide for them. Gregor feels upset and sorry that he can't support them anymore. About a month passes, with Grete taking care of Gregor less and less attentively. One day Grete sees Gregor out of his hiding place and is disturbed. Another month passes, then Gregor's mother wants to come help Grete and support Gregor. Grete and the mother plan to move Gregor's old furniture out so he can crawl more freely, but Gregor decides that he wants to keep his furniture, which links him to his humanity. He climbs the wall and places himself over his print of the lady with the muff , which shocks his mother when she returns to the room, causing her to faint. Gregor's father returns home and finds Gregor panicking in the dining room. Gregor's father pelts Gregor with apples, one of which severely injures him.

Another month passes while Gregor recovers from his injury. His family members are exhausted from working, and Gregor feels neglected. The family takes on three lodgers for additional income, and Gregor feels even more ignored. One night Grete plays her violin for the lodgers. Though the lodgers seem bored, Gregor is profoundly affected, and crawls out of his room, enjoying the beautiful music and optimistic that he'll be able to help his family and become close to Grete again. The lodgers notice Gregor with disgust, and decide that they'll leave and not even pay for the time they'd stayed so far. Grete tells her mother and father that the cockroach, which she can't even believe is Gregor, has ruined their lives. Gregor feebly returns to his room, thinks of his family with love, and dies. The charwoman who cleans the house discovers his body the next morning. Grete, her mother and father decide to take off work. They go to the countryside by tram, and talk happily about future plans, and finding a new apartment. Gregor's mother and father realize that it is time to find a husband for Grete.

Literary Theory and Criticism

Home › Experimental Novels › Analysis of Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

Analysis of Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on August 1, 2023

“As Gregor Samsa awoke from uneasy dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a giant insect.” So begins The Metamorphosis , a sinister allegory of dehumanization and hopelessness in the modern world by Franz Kafka (1883–1924). Once rendered an insect, Gregor becomes a functionless and embarrassing eyesore in a household, whose members grow to resent and neglect him to the point of death. There is no place in domestic, social, and professional life, Kafka’s tale suggests, for the unproductive and the nonconformist.

Written in 1912, The Metamorphosis was one of the few works Kafka published in his lifetime. Owing to the author’s general reluctance to publish and editorial reservations about the story’s bizarre content, The Metamorphosis did not go to press until 1915.

Like much of Kafka’s fiction, The Metamorphosis expresses dominant themes in the author’s own life. In a letter, Kafka mentioned the similarity between Samsa’s name and his own; both writer and character, furthermore, were pressured to take on largely pointless office jobs. Kafka’s anxieties about ill health and fear of physical collapse play out in the unfortunate Gregor, who dies from a wound inflicted on him by his father. But the story resonates most profoundly with the real circumstances of Kafka’s family life. Like his creation, Gregor, Kafka was continually berated by his imposing father, who considered his only son to be an unmitigated failure. Gregor, likewise, cowers in fear of his father, who finds him repulsive and attacks him at every turn. Although Kafka had earned a law degree in part to appease his father, he would remain an object of patriarchal disdain and repudiation—particularly in light of his fictional work, which his father deemed “a waste of time.” Kafka’s mother, like her alter ego in the story, was ever-deferential to her husband and offered little solace to her son; his sister, Ottla, was normally a compassionate ally, but on one occasion she joined the parents in insisting that Kafka increase his hours at the office; shortly thereafter, Kafka wrote The Metamorphosis, in which Gregor’s sister betrays him by insisting that the family get rid of him.

In addition to these autobiographical references, The Metamorphosis alludes to a number of literary works, including the Russian Nikolay Gogol’s The Nose, in which a man wakes up to find his nose missing; preposterously, the nose goes on to attain a high-ranking position in the civil service. Kafka’s text was also inspired by a Yiddish play, Gordin’s The Savage One. Kafka wrote extensively about the play in his diaries. All of the characters in The Metamorphosis find analogues in The Savage One. Gregor Samsa’s counterpart is an idiot son, who is unable to communicate with his family, stays locked in his room, and fears the wrath of his father. The Metamorphosis, furthermore, resembles Gordin’s drama in its entirely domestic setting and episodic narrative structure. All three texts connect materialism and status consciousness with the degradation of humanity.

In alignment with Kafka’s largely cynical philosophical views, The Metamorphosis supports a decidedly pessimistic interpretation of human nature. Speaking to his friend Max Brod, Kafka once explained that he thought human beings were God’s nihilistic thoughts. Brod asked whether there was hope elsewhere in the universe. To this, Kafka replied, “plenty of hope, for God—only not for us.” This dismal prognosis, a sense of terminal confinement, is represented by Gregor, whose only alternative to the world in which he has unintentionally entered is death. There are glimmers of hope in the concluding lines of The Metamorphosis, as the Samsa family sets about reconstructing itself, but this might also be seen to indicate the unfortunate perpetuation of the worst human qualities. In any case, after the story’s publication Kafka said that he regretted this ending, insisting that it was “unreadable.”

Along with the bleak determinism of The Metamorphosis , the surrealistic scenario depicted—its particular mixture of the impossible and the real—is typically “Kafkaesque.” In several works, Kafka posits an unlikely situation and portrays its development in realistic detail, both psychologically and materially. In his novel The Trial , for example, a man is accused and found guilty of a crime without ever being informed of the charge’s precise nature; in “Before the Law,” a man passes decades waiting to enter the gates of Justice, only to have the guardian, finally, close them in his face. The realist aspect of these texts encourages the reader to probe beyond the specific circumstance—a man, for example, literally becoming an insect—to uncover its symbolic and allegorical implications.

The image of the insect is evocative on several levels. As early as 1907, Kafka described the best part of his creative self as a “beautiful beetle”; he imagined his body moving around in the world while his “true writing self”—a beetle—remained behind. In later years, when his idealism faded, this authorial image was replaced by “filth and slime,” a phrase he applied to his piece “The Judgment” (it tells of a rebellious son condemned to suicide by his father). Gregor Samsa, a giant insect who becomes progressively more and more filthy, may be interpreted as a metaphor for disillusionment.

Analysis of Franz Kafka’s Novels

Analysis of Franz Kafka’s Stories

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bridgewater, Patrick. Kafka’s Novels: An Interpretation. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003. Greenberg, Martin. The Terror of Art: Kafka and Modern Literature. New York: Basic Books, 1968. Stach, Reiner. Kafka: The Decisive Years. Translated by Shelley Frisch. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt, 2005. Stern, J. P., ed. The World of Franz Kafka. New York: Holt, Rinehard, 1980. Weinberg, Helen. The New Novel in America: The Kafkan Mode in Contemporary Fiction. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1970.

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Themes and Analysis

The metamorphosis, by franz kafka.

'The Metamorphosis' is a masterpiece on hitting important themes, such as transformation, alienation, and responsibility.

About the Book

Article written by Emma Baldwin

B.A. in English, B.F.A. in Fine Art, and B.A. in Art Histories from East Carolina University.

Such themes in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis touch on what it means to be human and what happens when those around you stop regarding you as such.  

The Metamorphosis Themes  

Transformation  .

The first and most important theme in The Metamorphosis is transformation. There is the primary transformation in the novel, that of Gregor, a human man, into a large insect , but there are several others as well. As the novel progresses, Gregor struggles to hang onto his humanity, it slips from him as he turns to the things that bring him pleasure in his new form. He finds sanctuary in dark places, joy in crawling on the ceilings and the walls, and is only able to stomach rotten food.  

Additionally, there is the transformation that his family members undergo. It is seen most prominently in Grete, his sister . At first, she cares for Gregor’s needs, feeding and visiting him. But as time goes on, Grete grows older and her priorities change. It becomes easier for the family to ignore the fact that Gregor exists than to continue caring for him.  

Gregor’s transformation brings with it a series of emotional transitions and obstacles that he has to overcome. The main one being the separation from his family, job, and previous role as the main breadwinner. Gregor is alienated from his former humanity, generally, as well as his former personality and role, specifically.  

Gregor is also physically alienated in his prison cell-like room. It is from there, separate from the family, that he listens to their lives carry on without him.  

Responsibility

When Gregor first discovers that he’s no longer in his human body, his first thought is for his family. He worries immediately that he’s not going to be able to get to work on time and is going to lose his job. The first pages of the novel are devoted to Gregor’s struggle to force his new body to do what his old one could easily. He cares about the responsibility he has to his family, to pay off his father’s debts and support his sister and mother.  

A reader should also consider what responsibility his family has for him after his transformation and how they didn’t fulfill it. His generosity was not repaid.

Analysis of Key Moments in The Metamorphosis

• Gregor wakes up and discovers that he’s been transformed into a giant insect.  
• Gregor’s family and boss come to check on him.  
• The family is confronted by Gregor’s new form.  
• Grete feeds Gregor and he discovers he loves rotten food.  
• Gregor leans to climb the walls and they take the furniture out of the room.  
• Gregor tries to save the image of the woman in furs.  
• Mr. Samsa attacks Gregor believing he hurt Mrs. Samsa. Gregor is badly injured.  
• Lodgers move into the house and Gregor watches his family from his room.  
• Gregor decides his family will be better off without him and he dies.  
• The family feels relief now that Gregor is gone, they move on with their lives.

Point of View and Poetic Techniques in The Metamorphosis

Narrative point of view.

As a modernist novel, there are several techniques that will likely be familiar with in The Metamorphosis. These are related to the point of view, language, and poetic techniques. The point of view employed by Franz Kafka in the novel is third-person/limited omniscient. This means the main perspective of the story comes from Gregor Samsa. The reader is within Gregor’s mind, hearing his thoughts and discovering what happened to his body at the same time as he does. Information is given to the reader when it’s available to Gregor, we are not aware of anything he isn’t. For example, Gregor struggles with eating and what it is, after his transformation, that he’s interested in.  

The reader doesn’t become aware until he is that he wants to eat rotten foods. All that being said, there are a few moments in the novel in which Kafka moves outside Gregor’s mind to give the reader a bit of information from the perspective of the other characters. These are rare moments and are reserved for occasions that benefit from the change in perspective.

Poetic Techniques

The Metamorphosis was originally written in German and titled Die Verwnadlung, this means that some poetic techniques will be lost or devised in the translation into English. Within the novel, a close reader can find examples of metaphor, irony, and symbolism. The first on this list, metaphor, is a comparison between two unlike things that does not use “like” or “as” is also present in the text.  

When using this technique a writer is saying that one thing is another thing, they aren’t just similar. It’s quite important in this novel and immediately confronts the reader. The theme of imprisonment is woven throughout the story. Metaphors reveal to the reader that Gregor is at once a prisoner of society, money, his family, and the most obvious, his new bug body. He’s trapped, in one way or another, but his prison varies.  

Another less obvious example is the weather. One moment, in particular, comes to mind at the beginning of the story when Gregor is waking up. He notes that he’s waking up late, feels poorly, and there is “still such a fog” outside. The fog lays heavy on the city. Its dreary, dark, and it obscures warmth and light. It is used as a metaphor and allusion to what is to come. His future lies within the house, not without, and it’s going to be just as dark as the weather that morning.  

Symbols in The Metamorphosis  

The picture of the woman  .

One of the most poignant symbols in The Metamorphosis is the picture of the woman on the wall of Gregor’s room. In the photo, she’s wearing furs, a hat, and a boa. It’s unclear who she’s supposed to be, but she’s there as a reminder of Gregor’s lost future, the warmth of human company, and his own distant humanity. More than anything else, the fact that he acquired, hung, and admired the photo while he was still human is important to him.  

When the furniture is removed from his room Gregor begins to panic. Gregor turns to the picture as the single thing he’s going to fight to keep. He’s desperate at this moment, and through his actions, a reader should interpret a need to hang on to some piece of his humanity.  

Gregor as an Insect  

The creature Gregor turns into, sometimes referred to as a giant insect, bug, or vermin, is representative of the life that Gregor led before he was transformed. His human day-to-day life was made physical. Once transformed, the toll that his job, family, colleagues, and money worries had on him is realized in the real world.

Food  

Food is a symbol of the Gregor’s family’s remaining regard for their son. Grete, the most important secondary character in the novel takes on the responsibility for feeding and checking on Gregor. It is due to Grete that he’s able to eat and maintain a shred of his humanity. At first, they believe he’s going to eat the same things he did when he was human, but they soon discover that he’s only able to eat rotten food. As time passes, the family loses interest in Gregor and become exhausted from remembering that he’s there. They stop feeding him and he is forced to suffer, starving, as the new lodgers eat in his kitchen.  

About Emma Baldwin

Emma Baldwin, a graduate of East Carolina University, has a deep-rooted passion for literature. She serves as a key contributor to the Book Analysis team with years of experience.

Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka is best remembered as the Existentialist author of novellas and short stories such as ' The Metamorphosis ' and ' The Trial '.

Kafka Facts

Explore ten of the most interesting facts about Kafka's life, habits, and passions.

Kafka's Best Books

Explore the ten best books and stories Kafka wrote.

Kafka and Absurdism

What was absurdism and how does it relate to Franz Kafka's literary works?

You will get to know me better; there are still a number of horrible recesses in me that you don’t know . Franz Kafka

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Essay On The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis is a novel by Franz Kafka, first published in 1915. The story follows Gregor Samsa, a young man who wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a giant insect-like creature.

The novel has been interpreted in many ways, but is often seen as a commentary on the human condition, and our relationship to work and family. The story continues to be relevant today, as we grapple with our own uncertain futures.

If you’re interested in reading The Metamorphosis, you can find it online or in most bookstores. The novel is a classic of 20th-century literature, and is sure to provoke thought and discussion.

In his essay, Helmut Richter examined The Metamorphosis’s plot. The major storyline of the narrative is Gregor’s failure at his job, which leads to his death. Early in the book, the climax of the story begins. When Gregor wakes up one morning and discovers that he has become a huge insect, he recognizes that he has failed as a salesman.

The bug Gregor becomes is a burden to his family, and eventually leads to his demise. The resolution of The Metamorphosis is Gregor’s death. Even though Gregor is no longer human, he still has human characteristics. He does not want to be a bother to his family and decides that the best way to help them is to die. In order for Gregor to die, he must first detach himself from his family emotionally.

The final step in The Metamorphosis is when Gregor’s sister, Grete, finds him dead in his room. Grete has changed throughout the story as well. She goes from someone who loves and cares for her brother, to someone who can no longer stand the sight of him. The death of Gregor brings the family back together and they are finally able to move on with their lives.

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka is a novel about a man who turns into a giant insect. The story follows Gregor as he tries to adapt to his new life, while also dealing with the struggles that come along with it. The novel explores themes of family, work, and relationships. The Metamorphosis is a classic piece of literature that is still relevant today.

Many people would claim that The Metamorphosis reflects Kafka’s own life. These individuals would call it a self-portrait. Gregor’s parents were similar to Kafka’s in many ways. He was born into a wealthy family and his father was domineering. His mother, like Grete in the novel, was a kind woman who sided with his father often. The resemblance of the families resembles that of Gregor’s sister, who is also named Grete. Kafka’s sister, like Grete in the book, was the only one in his family who stood by him and he liked.

He also believed that Kafka was “trying to come to terms with his own existence.” The novel has been argued to be about many things, but most people would agree that it is a story about an individual’s journey and battle with humanity.

Kafka begins The Metamorphosis with Gregor Samsa waking up from uneasy dreams. He wakes up to find himself transformed into a “monstrous vermin.” The first thing he thinks about is how he will miss his train and let down his employer. The metamorphosis could be interpreted as Gregor going through puberty, or it could simply be seen as a physical representation of his emotional state. Throughout the novel, Gregor continuously tries to hold onto his human form and humanity, but as time goes on he starts to lose touch with reality.

He becomes more insect-like and less human. His family also begins to change and their attitudes towards him start to change. At first, they are shocked and terrified of him, but eventually they begin to treat him like an animal. They stop seeing him as Gregor Samsa, and start seeing him as “the creature” or “the beast.”

Gregor’s sister is the only one in his family that seems to truly care for him, and she is the only one that does not treat him like a monster. She is the only one that tries to see past his physical appearance and see him for who he really is. She is also the only one that tries to keep him in touch with his humanity. She does this by reading to him, playing music for him, and even bringing him food.

The relationship between Gregor and his sister is very similar to the relationship between Kafka and his own sister. Kafka’s sister was the only one in his family that he was close to and that he could rely on. Towards the end of The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s health starts to rapidly decline and he eventually dies.

His death could be seen as a symbolic representation of him giving up on his humanity. He dies alone in his room, away from his family, and they do not even bother to check on him until after he is dead. The final straw for Gregor is when his sister gets engaged and she no longer has time for him. He dies knowing that he is no longer needed or wanted by his family, and that they would be better off without him.

D. Roth explains the main theme of The Metamorphosis as transformation. He believes that Gregor’s entire family, not just him, undergoes a metamorphosis in this story. When Gregor transforms into an insect, his family’s life is irrevocably altered. Gregor’s family is frequently ignorant of how much work he does for them on their behalf.

In the final moments of The Beach Boy, his father’s company was in debt and he was forced to help support the household. When Gregor transforms into an insect at the novel’s conclusion, a lazy, ungrateful family is completely transformed. Gregor’s family quickly discovers that living with an insect will be much more difficult than before.

The change in Gregor’s family is the result of his change. The theme of The Metamorphosis is thus change. Richter goes on to discuss other themes in The Metamorphosis such as identity, isolation, and relationships. He argues that when Gregor turns into an insect, his entire sense of self is changed.

Gregor no longer feels like a human being and he becomes isolated from the rest of his family. His relationships with his family members are also changed. Richter argues that The Metamorphosis is ultimately a story about alienation and estrangement.

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Everyone laughed at him when he married her, 6 years later she shows her metamorphosis – a Short Story

T he concept of beauty has always been an obscure one. Everyone has individual preferences, so we are attracted to all kinds of people. The rise of media has narrowed down the scope of beauty, as only a few select features are considered beautiful to the eye of the general public. Some people are scorned for having things like uni-brows when there once was an artist called Frida Carlo who was considered an icon of beauty and sexuality. The double standards of beauty become ever more apparent. One woman was ridiculed for being overweight. She received far too many nasty comments on the pictures of the big day. Now, six years later, she has transformed her appearance.

A joyous affair

There is no denying that joy is a contagious sensation. This makes a wedding one of those occasions that everyone wants to get an invite! This was how it was for the subject of our story today. A Russian couple so happy sharing a wedding day with everyone they love. Everything was perfect, the flowers, the food, the cake, the dress!

The funny thing about memories is they can be tainted quite quickly. One fowl comment can ruin an entire night well after the date passed. Our Russian bride reveled in the memory of her wedding, and her heart brimmed with love and happiness every time the thought popped into her mind. A few months went by, and the bride finally received the final album of wedding photos from her photographer.

She went through each one and satisfied with the results, she posted them to her social media. Excited, she went to work, telling herself she could only look at the comments later. Little did she know what she would find.

Heartbroken

The bride came home, and after giving a loving kiss to her husband, she eagerly picked up her phone to see what her friends thought of her wedding pictures. Her heart sank. Somehow, the post had gone viral. Instead of millions of comments with compliments of her big day, she was being called the ugliest bride in the world.

Feeling heartbroken, the bride cried to her husband and showed him the comments. He took her in his arms and reminded her that he thinks she is beautiful. He told her it does not matter what strangers are saying, and he wiped her tears away. The bride went and splashed her face with water, and sat down with her loving husband to watch a movie.

Then, the next day she decided that she was going to ignore all the nasty comments on her Facebook post. Although, she could not help but open up her wedding album and scroll through each picture. Now, after reading the nasty comments, she could not help but scrutinize the pictures she used to adore.

Six years later

Six years have passed since our Russian bride’s pictures went viral. The world almost forgot about the poor woman who was called such hurtful things. But then, “the so-called ügliest bride in the world “, made another appearance on social media. A journalist had gone on a search to find the couple. He wanted to share their story of how they had been treated by the world. But, it wasn’t as easy as he thought. The couple had moved away to start a new life together.

After a long and tiresome search, he found them living in a small town a few hours from their hometown. He knew he had to give them a call before he just arrived unannounced. So, he called the bride to explain the reason behind his visit. The bride sounded eager, and immediately gave a date that would suit them best.

Read: Wife Learns Her Husband Who Never Wanted to Have Children Has Another Woman and 5 Kids – a Short Story

Time for a change!

The journalist arrived perfectly on time, he had been excited to meet the infamous bride. He rang the doorbell, but the woman who answered was far too beautiful to be the so-called ugly bride. He told the woman whom he was there to see, and she said that was her. The journalist’s jaw dropped. He could not believe his eyes. The bride had made a complete transformation.

The woman who stood before him could not be called ugly in any way. She had lost a considerable amount of weight, and her facial features stood out, strong and gorgeous. The journalist realized he was sitting on a gold mine of a story. Everyone loves a good transformation story.

How did she do it?

So, after agreeing in an interview, the now beautiful bride explained the process of her transformation. It turns out, that it was not an entirely organic one. Yes, she had adopted a healthier life, which included lean meals with minimal carbohydrates. Additionally, she incorporated an intense workout regime into her daily schedule.

But, that’s not all. The once ugly bride had undergone some extensive surgeries and cosmetic procedures in order to obtain her gorgeous body and face. From liposuction to botox, she had it all. The bride wanted to change her entire appearance, and she clearly paid attention to the comments from the post six years ago. Because, each one of the features that were ridiculed had been edited, and improved immaculately. The journalist could not help but wonder how much the entire transformation must have cost.

Their love still lives!

Many people would be very curious to know what the dynamic is like between the couple after the bride’s transformation. The journalist knew he had to include this in his article about the woman who was once thought of as the ugliest bride in the world. So, he asked how their marriage was going.

The bride’s face lit up with pure happiness, which warmed the journalist’s heart. She began to tell him how he had supported her the whole way through her journey. He drove her to and from the procedures, and she helped her with the after-care. This helped to strengthen the marriage, but her husband swears he still sees the same woman he fell in love with all those years back.

Keep Reading: Soldier Send His Wife This Gift While Deployed – She Divorced Him 24 Hours Later – a Short Story

This fictional story was inspired by stories from around the web. Any similarities between this story and actual people are purely coincidental

The post Everyone laughed at him when he married her, 6 years later she shows her metamorphosis – a Short Story appeared first on Secret Life Of Mom .

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That Viral Essay Wasn’t About Age Gaps. It Was About Marrying Rich.

But both tactics are flawed if you want to have any hope of becoming yourself..

Women are wisest, a viral essay in New York magazine’s the Cut argues , to maximize their most valuable cultural assets— youth and beauty—and marry older men when they’re still very young. Doing so, 27-year-old writer Grazie Sophia Christie writes, opens up a life of ease, and gets women off of a male-defined timeline that has our professional and reproductive lives crashing irreconcilably into each other. Sure, she says, there are concessions, like one’s freedom and entire independent identity. But those are small gives in comparison to a life in which a person has no adult responsibilities, including the responsibility to become oneself.

This is all framed as rational, perhaps even feminist advice, a way for women to quit playing by men’s rules and to reject exploitative capitalist demands—a choice the writer argues is the most obviously intelligent one. That other Harvard undergraduates did not busy themselves trying to attract wealthy or soon-to-be-wealthy men seems to flummox her (taking her “high breasts, most of my eggs, plausible deniability when it came to purity, a flush ponytail, a pep in my step that had yet to run out” to the Harvard Business School library, “I could not understand why my female classmates did not join me, given their intelligence”). But it’s nothing more than a recycling of some of the oldest advice around: For women to mold themselves around more-powerful men, to never grow into independent adults, and to find happiness in a state of perpetual pre-adolescence, submission, and dependence. These are odd choices for an aspiring writer (one wonders what, exactly, a girl who never wants to grow up and has no idea who she is beyond what a man has made her into could possibly have to write about). And it’s bad advice for most human beings, at least if what most human beings seek are meaningful and happy lives.

But this is not an essay about the benefits of younger women marrying older men. It is an essay about the benefits of younger women marrying rich men. Most of the purported upsides—a paid-for apartment, paid-for vacations, lives split between Miami and London—are less about her husband’s age than his wealth. Every 20-year-old in the country could decide to marry a thirtysomething and she wouldn’t suddenly be gifted an eternal vacation.

Which is part of what makes the framing of this as an age-gap essay both strange and revealing. The benefits the writer derives from her relationship come from her partner’s money. But the things she gives up are the result of both their profound financial inequality and her relative youth. Compared to her and her peers, she writes, her husband “struck me instead as so finished, formed.” By contrast, “At 20, I had felt daunted by the project of becoming my ideal self.” The idea of having to take responsibility for her own life was profoundly unappealing, as “adulthood seemed a series of exhausting obligations.” Tying herself to an older man gave her an out, a way to skip the work of becoming an adult by allowing a father-husband to mold her to his desires. “My husband isn’t my partner,” she writes. “He’s my mentor, my lover, and, only in certain contexts, my friend. I’ll never forget it, how he showed me around our first place like he was introducing me to myself: This is the wine you’ll drink, where you’ll keep your clothes, we vacation here, this is the other language we’ll speak, you’ll learn it, and I did.”

These, by the way, are the things she says are benefits of marrying older.

The downsides are many, including a basic inability to express a full range of human emotion (“I live in an apartment whose rent he pays and that constrains the freedom with which I can ever be angry with him”) and an understanding that she owes back, in some other form, what he materially provides (the most revealing line in the essay may be when she claims that “when someone says they feel unappreciated, what they really mean is you’re in debt to them”). It is clear that part of what she has paid in exchange for a paid-for life is a total lack of any sense of self, and a tacit agreement not to pursue one. “If he ever betrayed me and I had to move on, I would survive,” she writes, “but would find in my humor, preferences, the way I make coffee or the bed nothing that he did not teach, change, mold, recompose, stamp with his initials.”

Reading Christie’s essay, I thought of another one: Joan Didion’s on self-respect , in which Didion argues that “character—the willingness to accept responsibility for one’s own life—is the source from which self-respect springs.” If we lack self-respect, “we are peculiarly in thrall to everyone we see, curiously determined to live out—since our self-image is untenable—their false notions of us.” Self-respect may not make life effortless and easy. But it means that whenever “we eventually lie down alone in that notoriously un- comfortable bed, the one we make ourselves,” at least we can fall asleep.

It can feel catty to publicly criticize another woman’s romantic choices, and doing so inevitably opens one up to accusations of jealousy or pettiness. But the stories we tell about marriage, love, partnership, and gender matter, especially when they’re told in major culture-shaping magazines. And it’s equally as condescending to say that women’s choices are off-limits for critique, especially when those choices are shared as universal advice, and especially when they neatly dovetail with resurgent conservative efforts to make women’s lives smaller and less independent. “Marry rich” is, as labor economist Kathryn Anne Edwards put it in Bloomberg, essentially the Republican plan for mothers. The model of marriage as a hierarchy with a breadwinning man on top and a younger, dependent, submissive woman meeting his needs and those of their children is not exactly a fresh or groundbreaking ideal. It’s a model that kept women trapped and miserable for centuries.

It’s also one that profoundly stunted women’s intellectual and personal growth. In her essay for the Cut, Christie seems to believe that a life of ease will abet a life freed up for creative endeavors, and happiness. But there’s little evidence that having material abundance and little adversity actually makes people happy, let alone more creatively generativ e . Having one’s basic material needs met does seem to be a prerequisite for happiness. But a meaningful life requires some sense of self, an ability to look outward rather than inward, and the intellectual and experiential layers that come with facing hardship and surmounting it.

A good and happy life is not a life in which all is easy. A good and happy life (and here I am borrowing from centuries of philosophers and scholars) is one characterized by the pursuit of meaning and knowledge, by deep connections with and service to other people (and not just to your husband and children), and by the kind of rich self-knowledge and satisfaction that comes from owning one’s choices, taking responsibility for one’s life, and doing the difficult and endless work of growing into a fully-formed person—and then evolving again. Handing everything about one’s life over to an authority figure, from the big decisions to the minute details, may seem like a path to ease for those who cannot stomach the obligations and opportunities of their own freedom. It’s really an intellectual and emotional dead end.

And what kind of man seeks out a marriage like this, in which his only job is to provide, but very much is owed? What kind of man desires, as the writer cast herself, a raw lump of clay to be molded to simply fill in whatever cracks in his life needed filling? And if the transaction is money and guidance in exchange for youth, beauty, and pliability, what happens when the young, beautiful, and pliable party inevitably ages and perhaps feels her backbone begin to harden? What happens if she has children?

The thing about using youth and beauty as a currency is that those assets depreciate pretty rapidly. There is a nearly endless supply of young and beautiful women, with more added each year. There are smaller numbers of wealthy older men, and the pool winnows down even further if one presumes, as Christie does, that many of these men want to date and marry compliant twentysomethings. If youth and beauty are what you’re exchanging for a man’s resources, you’d better make sure there’s something else there—like the basic ability to provide for yourself, or at the very least a sense of self—to back that exchange up.

It is hard to be an adult woman; it’s hard to be an adult, period. And many women in our era of unfinished feminism no doubt find plenty to envy about a life in which they don’t have to work tirelessly to barely make ends meet, don’t have to manage the needs of both children and man-children, could simply be taken care of for once. This may also explain some of the social media fascination with Trad Wives and stay-at-home girlfriends (some of that fascination is also, I suspect, simply a sexual submission fetish , but that’s another column). Fantasies of leisure reflect a real need for it, and American women would be far better off—happier, freer—if time and resources were not so often so constrained, and doled out so inequitably.

But the way out is not actually found in submission, and certainly not in electing to be carried by a man who could choose to drop you at any time. That’s not a life of ease. It’s a life of perpetual insecurity, knowing your spouse believes your value is decreasing by the day while his—an actual dollar figure—rises. A life in which one simply allows another adult to do all the deciding for them is a stunted life, one of profound smallness—even if the vacations are nice.

Perry High School students win 2024 Perry Optimist essay contest

Perry Optimist Club handed out medals to the local essay contest winners during its meeting on Wednesday, April 3 at the Hotel Pattee.

Linda Andorf, who facilitated the contest, said DMACC VanKirk Career Academy's Linda Kaufman assigned a writing assignment to her Perry High School/DMACC students. The assignment was graded and was then judged anonymously by Perry Optimist Club members. This year, 32 essays were submitted and four places were awarded.

Erika Guardado won first place while Jennifer Ramos received second place. Mia Munoz and Kain Killmer tied for third place.

The prompt for this year’s contest was "Optimism: How it Connects Us."

Guardado’s essay has been sent to the district level. She will also receive a $500 scholarship during the senior awards assembly in May.

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Judge Rejects Trump Dismissal Effort in Classified Documents Case

Judge Aileen Cannon ruled that the former president cannot escape prosecution by arguing that the Presidential Records Act allowed him to claim secret government material as his own property.

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By Alan Feuer

A federal judge on Thursday rejected for now one of former President Donald J. Trump’s central efforts to dismiss charges that he had mishandled classified documents after leaving office.

The judge, Aileen M. Cannon, ruled that Mr. Trump could not escape prosecution by arguing that he had converted the highly sensitive records he took from the White House into his personal property under a law known as the Presidential Records Act.

In a terse three-page order , Judge Cannon said that the statute, which was put in place after the Watergate scandal to ensure that most records from a president’s time in office remained in the possession of the government, “does not provide a pretrial basis to dismiss” the case.

The decision was a victory of sorts for the special counsel, Jack Smith, who has persistently argued that the Presidential Records Act should have nothing to do with the criminal prosecution of a former president accused of removing national security documents from the White House and then obstructing efforts to retrieve them.

But it may not be the final word on the subject.

Last month, Judge Cannon made a curious request to Mr. Trump’s lawyers and Mr. Smith’s prosecutors, asking them to send her proposed jury instructions about how the Presidential Records Act might affect the central allegation against Mr. Trump: that he took “unauthorized possession” of the documents by removing them from the White House.

Judge Cannon seemed to be exploring the idea that if the act really did permit Mr. Trump to make the documents personal, then he could not be said to have had “unauthorized possession” of them.

But in court papers filed this week, Mr. Smith pushed back hard against that move . He repeated his position that the Presidential Records Act did not permit Mr. Trump to make the documents his own and had absolutely no relevance to the case — even when it came to writing jury instructions.

In his filing, Mr. Smith asked Judge Cannon to follow a normal course of action and decide the legal question of whether the Presidential Records Act was relevant to the case in the context of Mr. Trump’s motion to dismiss, not in conversations about jury instructions. (Jury issues are usually hashed out on the eve of a trial and Judge Cannon has not set a trial date.)

In her ruling on Thursday, Judge Cannon agreed with Mr. Smith that the act was not enough to dismiss the case outright. But she appeared to disagree with him when it came to jury instructions, suggesting that those discussions would continue and that Mr. Trump might eventually be able to raise a Presidential Records Act defense at trial.

Mr. Smith’s demand for the “finalization of jury instructions” before “the presentation of trial defenses and evidence” was “unprecedented and unjust,” she wrote.

Legal experts have expressed concern that if Judge Cannon crafts instructions for the jury based on Mr. Trump’s interpretation of the Presidential Records Act, it could be seen as an attempt to nudge eventual jurors toward an acquittal.

Jury instructions that adopt Mr. Trump’s position on the act could also give the judge sufficient legal wiggle room to acquit Mr. Trump herself at the end of a trial by declaring the government had failed to prove its case.

But in her order, Judge Cannon defended her decision to ask both sides for their dueling takes on jury instructions.

Her request, she wrote, should be interpreted as “a genuine attempt, in the context of the upcoming trial, to better understand the parties’ competing positions and the questions to be submitted to the jury in this complex case of first impression.”

Mr. Trump’s lawyers had first advanced their claims based on the Presidential Records Act in court papers two months ago , arguing that the law allowed him to designate even secretive briefing materials prepared for him by the military and intelligence community as private records that he could do with as he pleased.

But from the start, their position was legally dubious.

Judge Cannon herself balked at the idea during a hearing last month in Federal District Court in Fort Pierce, Fla., telling the lawyers that their expansive interpretation would effectively “gut” the act. And during an earlier stage of the classified documents case, the federal appeals court that sits over the judge agreed, writing that Mr. Trump “neither owns nor has a personal interest in” the documents at issue.

While Judge Cannon’s order was largely silent on the reasons she reached her decision, it could have a follow-on effect on another one of Mr. Trump’s attempts to have the classified document case dismissed.

In a separate motion, Mr. Trump’s lawyers have claimed that he is immune from prosecution for any official acts he took as president. Later this month, the Supreme Court will consider that assertion in the context of Mr. Trump’s other federal case, in which he stands accused of plotting to overturn the 2020 election.

His lawyers have argued that the official act that provides Mr. Trump immunity in the classified documents case is his claimed conversion into personal property, under the Presidential Records Act, of the materials he is charged with removing from the White House.

Alan Feuer covers extremism and political violence for The Times, focusing on the criminal cases involving the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol and against former President Donald J. Trump.  More about Alan Feuer

Our Coverage of the Trump Documents Case

The justice department has filed federal criminal charges against former president donald trump over his mishandling of classified documents..

The Indictment: Federal prosecutors said that Trump put national security secrets at risk  by mishandling classified documents and schemed to block the government from reclaiming the material. Here’s a look at the evidence .

The Co-Defendants: While Trump plays the leading role in the case, the narrative as laid out by prosecutors relies heavily on supporting characters  like Carlos De Oliveira  and Walt Nauta .

Obstruction: The Mueller report raised questions about whether Trump had obstructed the inquiry into the ties between the former president’s 2016 campaign and Russia. With prosecutors adding new charges  in the documents case, the subject is back .

The Judge: Judge Aileen Cannon , a Trump appointee who showed favor to the former president earlier in the investigation, has scant experience  running criminal trials. Can she prove her critics wrong ?

A Slow Pace: Cannon has allowed unresolved issues to build up on her docket, and that appears to have kept her from making a prompt decision on the timing of the case. It is one of several factors that have stirred concern about her decision-making .

Trump special counsel fires back at Cannon order that could disrupt case

Prosecutor says judge’s legal premise on presidential records act ‘is wrong,’ urges her to rule in classified documents case so he can appeal.

Special counsel Jack Smith warned the judge overseeing Donald Trump ’s classified documents case that she is pursuing a legal premise that “is wrong” and said he would probably appeal to a higher court if she rules that a federal records law can protect the former president from prosecution.

In a late-night legal filing Tuesday, Smith’s office pushed back hard against an unusual instruction from U.S. District Judge Aileen M. Cannon — one that veteran national security lawyers and former judges have said badly misinterprets the Presidential Records Act and laws related to classified documents.

Smith’s filing represents the most stark and high-stakes confrontation yet between the judge and the prosecutor, illustrating the extent to which a ruling by Cannon that legitimizes the PRA as a defense could eviscerate the historic case, one of four Trump is facing as he again runs for president. The special counsel repeatedly said that he probably would appeal such a ruling, potentially delaying the classified documents trial well beyond November’s presidential election.

Last month, Cannon ordered defense lawyers and prosecutors in the case to submit hypothetical jury instructions based on two different, and very much contested, readings of the PRA.

In response, Smith said Cannon was pursuing a “fundamentally flawed legal premise” that the law somehow overrides Section 793 of the Espionage Act, which Trump is accused of violating by stashing hundreds of classified documents at Mar-a-Lago, his Florida home and private club, after his presidency ended.

“That legal premise is wrong, and a jury instruction for Section 793 that reflects that premise would distort the trial,” Smith wrote. The Presidential Records Act, he said, “should not play any role at trial at all.”

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Smith’s filing was unusual in that prosecutors rarely seek direct confrontations with judges overseeing their case; it makes clear he sees significant potential danger for his prosecution from Cannon’s approach to the PRA issue. How Cannon, a Trump nominee who has been on the bench since late 2020, responds will be critical.

If she rules against Smith, he could appeal. If she retreats from the disputed legal premise, the issue could fade into the background as she decides a pretrial hearing schedule and sets a trial date.

Cannon has been slow to make a number of decisions, even as prosecutors have urged her to move quickly, and it’s possible that on this issue too, she simply takes her time. In the meantime, Trump is scheduled to stand trial starting April 15 in a New York state case accusing him of falsifying business records to cover up a hush money payment during the 2016 election. Two other criminal cases , related to Trump’s alleged efforts to block Joe Biden’s 2020 election victory, are mired in pretrial proceedings and appeals.

Tuesday night’s filing urged Cannon to rule quickly on whether the Presidential Records Act is relevant to the case, so that prosecutors can appeal any such determination to a higher court before the Florida trial, which is delayed from its original late May start date but has not yet been rescheduled.

Smith has said the records act has nothing to do with the national security crimes Trump is accused of committing — a view backed by many legal experts, who have said a ruling in Trump’s favor would open the door for future presidents to claim personal ownership of national defense secrets. Waiting until the trial is underway to rule on the issue, Smith warned, could doom the prosecution’s case before it ever gets to a jury.

“If the Court were to defer a decision on that fundamental legal question it would inject substantial delay into the trial and, worse, prevent the government from seeking review before jeopardy attaches,” he wrote.

Even as he questioned the premise of Cannon’s order, Smith complied, offering proposed jury instructions for the two legal scenarios she outlined. Smith’s proffered language, however, was couched in a kind of lawyerly attack on Cannon’s legal analysis.

“[E]ven if an individual holds a security clearance and has a need to know classified information, the individual’s possession of the classified information is unauthorized if the individual removes the classified information from a secure facility or possesses the information outside of a secure facility,” Smith wrote in the proposed jury instruction.

“I instruct you, however, that, as to a former President, even if he lacks a security clearance, lacks a need to know classified information, and stores information outside of a secure facility, he is authorized to do so if the classified information is contained within a ‘personal record,’ within the meaning of the Presidential Records Act (PRA).”

Trump has pleaded not guilty to 32 charges of violating the Espionage Act, with each count corresponding to a specific classified document that he is alleged to have retained after leaving office, as well as eight additional charges of obstructing government efforts to retrieve the materials. His lawyers argue that the former president had the authority under the PRA to declare even highly classified documents to be his personal records and property.

Prosecutors and legal experts have said such claims badly misstate the law, which says that presidential records belong to the public and are to be turned over to the National Archives and Records Administration at the end of a presidency. Legal experts say Cannon’s focus on jury instructions seems odd at this stage of the process because a trial is not imminent and the judge still has a number of decisions to make in the pretrial proceedings before the instructions are relevant. They also say the premise of Cannon’s orders indulged some mangled interpretations of laws that have been pushed by Trump’s lawyers and supporters.

Trump’s team said in its own late-night filing that Cannon’s assignment is consistent with Trump’s position that the “prosecution is based on official acts” he took as president — not illegal retention of materials.

The judge told lawyers to write jury instructions for two legal interpretations. Legal experts said she could use those instructions to help inform her eventual ruling on a request that Trump made to dismiss the case because the PRA allowed him to designate any presidential record as personal.

In one scenario, Cannon asked them to craft jury instructions that assume the PRA allows presidents to designate any documents as personal at the end of a presidency — which is what Trump’s legal team has argued he had the authority to do. She then said they should also write separate jury instructions predicated on the idea that jurors would be able to determine which of the documents Trump is accused of illegally retaining are personal and which are presidential.

The government has said it is the Espionage Act — not the PRA — that guards classified materials. Trump is not charged with violating the PRA, and prosecutors said throughout their filing that the PRA should not be in those instructions.

“The PRA’s distinction between personal and presidential records has no bearing on whether a former President’s possession of documents containing national defense information is authorized under the Espionage Act, and the PRA should play no role in the jury instructions,” Smith wrote. “Indeed, based on the current record, the PRA should not play any role at trial at all.”

In their proposed jury instructions, Trump’s attorneys leaned into their argument that the former president had the ultimate authority to determine the designation of the documents that he is accused of illegally retaining.

“You heard evidence during the trial that President Trump exercised that authority, at times verbally and at times without using formal procedures, while he was President,” Trump’s legal team wrote in the hypothetical jury instructions . “I instruct you that those declassification decisions are examples of valid and legally appropriate uses of President Trump’s declassification authority while he was President of the United States.”

Cannon held a hearing over a month ago to determine a new date for the classified documents trial. Prosecutors sought a date in early July, while Trump’s lawyers asked to wait until after the election or to start in August at the earliest. The judge has not yet ruled.

She issued her jury instruction order a few days after a different hearing, held March 14, at which she heard arguments on two of Trump’s motions to toss out the case.

One motion said the case should be dismissed because the PRA meant that Trump could simply declare highly classified documents to be his personal property and keep them at Mar-a-Lago. Cannon has not yet ruled on that motion.

Hours after the hearing, she rejected Trump’s other motion to dismiss. It argued that the Espionage Act , which has been used for decades to convict others of improperly possessing classified documents, was too vaguely worded to be used in his indictment.

More on the Trump classified documents indictment

The latest: Federal prosecutors have asked a judge to push back Donald Trump’s classified documents trial in Florida to July 8, probably after the Supreme Court rules on his claim of presidential immunity, while Trump’s lawyers are trying again to delay the trial until after the presidential election.

The case: The criminal investigation looks into whether Trump took government secrets with him after he left the White House and obstructed a subsequent investigation. Trump has pleaded not guilty . Here’s what to know about the classified documents case .

The charges: Trump faces 40 separate charges in the documents case. Read the full text of the superseding indictment against Trump and our top takeaways from the indictmen t .

Can Trump still run for president? While it has never been attempted by a candidate from a major party before, Trump is allowed to run for president while under indictment in four cases — or even if he is convicted of a crime. Here’s how Trump’s indictment could affect the election .

• Judge Cannon shoots down Trump’s presidential records act claim 17 minutes ago Judge Cannon shoots down Trump’s presidential records act claim 17 minutes ago
• Jack Smith puts Judge Aileen Cannon on notice April 3, 2024 Jack Smith puts Judge Aileen Cannon on notice April 3, 2024
• Trump special counsel fires back at Cannon order that could disrupt case April 3, 2024 Trump special counsel fires back at Cannon order that could disrupt case April 3, 2024

The Metamorphosis: Essay Samples - Links & Descriptions

To write an exceptional essay on The Metamorphosis , you need an extraordinary example. In this article, our team collected relevant samples that will help you compose the paper on any topic. Besides, you’ll see the ideas for your own The Metamorphosis essay.

📝 The Metamorphosis: Essay Samples

• The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Genre: Essay Words: 2281 Focused on: Society and individuality, human and material values Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Grete Samsa
• Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Analysis Essay Genre: Analytical Essay Words: 1654 Focused on: Modernism perspective and symbolism Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Mr. Samsa
• The Limited Third-Person Narrator in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Genre: Essay Words: 1546 Focused on: The role of the omniscient narrator Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Genre: Essay Words: 1319 Focused on: Dreams in The Metamorphosis , the father-son relationship Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Mr. Samsa, Grete Samsa
• “Metamorphosis” by Franz Kafka Genre: Essay, Book Review Words: 699 Focused on: The author’s message and the predicament of the modern man Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• Franz Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’ and Joseph Conrad’s ‘The Heart of Darkness’ Genre: Critical Essay Words: 1494 Focused on: Theme of colonization Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• Gregor’s Relationship with His Father in “Metamorphosis” Genre: Essay Words: 1983 Focused on: Father-son relationship Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Mr. Samsa
• Kafka’s Stories “Metamorphosis and A Hunger Artist” Genre: Research Paper Words: 2214 Focused on: Existential and social alienation Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• Kafka’s Stories “A Hunger Artist”, “Jackals and Arabs” and “The Metamorphosis” Genre: Essay Words: 1093 Focused on: Theme of self-sacrifice Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Grete Samsa
• Alienation Theme in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Genre: Research Paper Words: 1402 Focused on: Alienation and isolation theme Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• The Metamorphosis, a Novel by Franz Kafka Essay Genre: Essay Words: 897 Focused on: Symbolism in The Metamorphosis Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa
• Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”: Social Aspects Essay Genre: Essay Words: 1234 Focused on: Social issues Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Mr. Samsa
• Decisions of the Samsa in Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” Genre: Essay Words: 664 Focused on: Gregor’s family from the perspective of Saint Leo’s core values Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa, Grete Samsa, Mr. Samsa, Mrs. Samsa
• Writing Techniques in Stoker’s Dracula and Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Essay Genre: Essay Words: 1128 Focused on: Writing techniques used in The Metamorphosis Characters mentioned: Gregor Samsa

Thank you for reading the article! We hope our samples will help you with your own The Metamorphosis essay. You can consider our original topics as well.

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Study Guide Menu

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• Chapter III
• Characters Analysis
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IvyPanda . "The Metamorphosis: Essay Samples - Links & Descriptions." August 13, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/lit/study-guide-on-the-metamorphosis/essay-samples-links-descriptions/.