how to download research paper with doi

Sci-Hub is the most controversial project in today science. The goal of Sci-Hub is to provide free and unrestricted access to all scientific knowledge ever published in journal or book form.

Today the circulation of knowledge in science is restricted by high prices. Many students and researchers cannot afford academic journals and books that are locked behind paywalls. Sci-Hub emerged in 2011 to tackle this problem. Since then, the website has revolutionized the way science is being done.

Sci-Hub is helping millions of students and researchers, medical professionals, journalists and curious people in all countries to unlock access to knowledge. The mission of Sci-Hub is to fight every obstacle that prevents open access to knowledge: be it legal, technical or otherwise.

To get more information visit the about Sci-Hub section.

Thank you for joining Sci-Hub mailing list!

“The only truly modern academic research engine”

Oa.mg is a search engine for academic papers, specialising in open access. we have over 250 million papers in our index..

How to use Sci-Hub

Sci-Hub is a website created to download PDF files of articles and magazine articles for free.

You want to read a scientific article or research paper, but it’s not available online and your university or school doesn’t have a (very expensive) subscription to that particular newspaper. What should you do? You just don’t read it? It seems a bit unfair. Yes, some documents are available for purchase online, but did you know that the actual author of the document does not receive any of that money? Or peer reviewers? I don’t want to disparage the work that newspapers do, but if I have to decide between letting people read the newspapers or some publisher that makes even more money, I will always encourage the person who wants to deepen their knowledge and studies. . Downloading a PDF doesn’t hurt anyone.

First of all, you need to find the DOI of the card you are looking for.

What is a DOI? These are the numbers and letters that identify the item you are looking for. Think of it a bit like a phone number. The way you dial your phone number will only make your phone ring, searching for a DOI will give you exactly the article you are looking for.

You can find the DOI by googling the title of the document, clicking on one of the links and somewhere on the page there will be the DOI. For example, let’s say the card we want is called “Mapping the Margins” by Kimberle Crenshaw. We type it into Google and we get this:

Click on the first link and it should take you to a page with more information on that particular item. Copy the DOI number:

Then go to Sci-Hub and paste it into the search field:

That’s all! It takes us directly to the PDF. To download the PDF, simply click the download button in the PDF preview or click the left button with the down arrow.

paperscraper 0.2.11

pip install paperscraper Copy PIP instructions

Released: Feb 22, 2024

paperscraper: Package to scrape papers.

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View statistics for this project via Libraries.io , or by using our public dataset on Google BigQuery

License: MIT License (MIT)

Author: Jannis Born, Matteo Manica

Tags Academics, Science, Publication, Search, PubMed, Arxiv, Medrxiv, Biorxiv, Chemrxiv, Google Scholar

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• Science/Research
• OSI Approved :: MIT License
• Python :: 3
• Python :: 3.7
• Python :: 3.8
• Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules

Project description

paperscraper

paperscraper is a python package that ships via pypi and facilitates scraping publication metadata as well as full PDF files from PubMed or from preprint servers such as arXiv , medRxiv , bioRxiv and chemRxiv . It provides a streamlined interface to scrape metadata and comes with simple postprocessing functions and plotting routines for meta-analysis.

Since v0.2.4 paperscraper also supports scraping PDF files directly! Thanks to @daenuprobst for suggestions!

Getting started

This is enough to query PubMed , arXiv or Google Scholar.

Download X-rxiv Dumps

However, to scrape publication data from the preprint servers biorxiv , medrxiv and chemrxiv , the setup is different. The entire dump is downloaded and stored in the server_dumps folder in a .jsonl format (one paper per line).

NOTE : Once the dumps are stored, please make sure to restart the python interpreter so that the changes take effect.

Since v0.2.5 paperscraper also allows to scrape {med/bio/chem}rxiv for specific dates! Thanks to @achouhan93 for contributions!

But watch out. The resulting .jsonl file will be labelled according to the current date and all your subsequent searches will be based on this file only . If you use this option you might want to keep an eye on the source files ( paperscraper/server_dumps/*jsonl ) to ensure they contain the paper metadata for all papers you're interested in.

paperscraper is build on top of the packages pymed , arxiv and scholarly .

Publication keyword search

Consider you want to perform a publication keyword search with the query: COVID-19 AND Artificial Intelligence AND Medical Imaging .

• Scrape papers from PubMed:
• Scrape papers from arXiv:
• Scrape papers from bioRiv, medRxiv or chemRxiv:

You can also use dump_queries to iterate over a bunch of queries for all available databases.

Or use the harmonized interface of QUERY_FN_DICT to query multiple databases of your choice:

• Scrape papers from Google Scholar:

Thanks to scholarly , there is an endpoint for Google Scholar too. It does not understand Boolean expressions like the others, but should be used just like the Google Scholar search fields .

Scrape PDFs

paperscraper also allows you to download the PDF files.

If you want to batch download all PDFs for your previous metadata search, use the wrapper. Here we scrape the PDFs for the metadata obtained in the previous example.

NOTE : This works robustly for preprint servers, but if you use it on a PubMed dump, dont expect to obtain all PDFs. Many publishers detect and block scraping and many publications are simply behind paywalls.

Citation search

A plus of the Scholar endpoint is that the number of citations of a paper can be fetched:

NOTE : The scholar endpoint does not require authentification but since it regularly prompts with captchas, it's difficult to apply large scale.

Journal impact factor

You can also retrieve the impact factor for all journals:

This performs a fuzzy search with a threshold of 85. threshold defaults to 100 in which case an exact search is performed. You can also search by journal abbreviation, E-ISSN or NLM ID .

When multiple query searches are performed, two types of plots can be generated automatically: Venn diagrams and bar plots.

Compare the temporal evolution of different queries across different servers.

Venn Diagrams

Or plot both together:

If you use paperscraper , please cite the papers that motivated our development of this tool.

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Best Websites To Download Research Papers For Free: Beyond Sci-Hub

Navigating the vast ocean of academic research can be daunting, especially when you’re on a quest for specific research papers without the constraints of paywalls. Fortunately, the digital age has ushered in an era of accessible knowledge, with various platforms offering free downloads of scholarly articles.

In this article, we explore some of the best websites that provide researchers, students, and academicians with free access to a plethora of research papers across diverse fields, ensuring that knowledge remains within everyone’s reach.

Best Websites To Download Research Papers For Free

Google scholar.

As a researcher, you might find Google Scholar to be a repository brimming with academic papers covering a broad span of domains like social sciences, computer science, and humanity, including:

• Journal articles
• Conference papers, and

Unlike other websites to download research papers, Google Scholar provides free access to a vast collection of scholarly literature, making it one of the best websites to download research.

Not every article is available in full PDF format directly; however, Google Scholar often links to other open access resources like DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and open-access repositories where you can directly download papers.

For instance, if you’re searching for a specific 2023 research paper in mathematics, you can use Google Scholar to locate the paper and check if it’s available for free download either on the platform itself or through links to various open access sources.

In many cases, Google Scholar integrates with tools like Unpaywall and Open Access Button, which are browser extensions that help you find free versions of paywalled articles.

These extensions often redirect you to open-access content, including those on platforms like Sci-Hub and Library Genesis, although it’s crucial to be aware of the legal and ethical implications of using such services.

ResearchGate

ResearchGate is a unique platform that blends social networking with academic research, making it an essential tool for researchers and scientists across various disciplines.

Here, you have access to a digital library of millions of research papers, spanning fields from computer science to social sciences and beyond.

When you’re on ResearchGate, downloading a research paper is relatively straightforward, especially if it’s open access. Many researchers upload the full PDF of their work, providing free access to their peer-reviewed articles.

If the research paper you’re interested in isn’t available for direct download, ResearchGate offers a unique feature: you can request a copy directly from the author.

This approach not only gets you the paper but also potentially opens a line of communication with leading experts in your field.

It’s important to note that ResearchGate isn’t just a repository; it’s a platform for discovery and connection. You can:

• Follow specific researchers
• Join discussions, and
• Receive notifications about new research in your domain.

While it doesn’t have the controversial direct download links like Sci-Hub or Library Genesis, ResearchGate offers a more ethical and legal route to accessing academic papers. 

ScienceOpen

ScienceOpen is a comprehensive repository that hosts a multitude of open-access research articles across various fields, from the social sciences to computer science. 

The process of downloading a research paper on ScienceOpen is remarkably straightforward. Since it’s an open-access platform, most of the papers are available to download as PDFs without any cost.

This means you can access high-quality, peer-reviewed academic research without encountering paywalls that are often a barrier in many other scientific platforms.

For instance, if you’re delving into the latest 2023 scientific papers in mathematics, ScienceOpen can be your go-to source. You can easily search for research papers using:

• Browsing through various open access journals featured on the site.

The direct download feature simplifies access to these papers, making it convenient for you to obtain the research you need.

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a digital library is an extensive repository of open-access, peer-reviewed journals, covering a wide array of subjects from humanities to nuclear science.

When you’re navigating DOAJ, you’ll discover that it’s not just a platform to download research papers; it’s a gateway to a world of academic research.

Each journal article listed is freely accessible, meaning you can download these scholarly articles without any cost or subscription.

The process is simple: search for research papers using specific keywords, subjects, or even DOAJ’s advanced search functionality that includes filters like:

• Language, or
• The year of publication.

For example, if you’re delving into the latest developments in scientific research in 2023, DOAJ allows you to refine your search to the most recent publications.

Once you find a relevant research paper, you can easily access the full text in PDF format through a direct download link. This is particularly useful for accessing high-quality, open-access research papers that are not always readily available on other platforms like Sci-Hub or Library Genesis.

PubMed hosts millions of research articles, primarily in the fields of medicine and life sciences, but also encompassing a broad range of scientific research.

When you’re on PubMed, you can search for research papers using:

• Authors, or
• Specific journal names.

While PubMed lists both open-access and subscription-based journal articles, it offers a unique feature for accessing papers for free.

If you’re looking for a particular research paper, say in the domain of computer science or social sciences from 2023, you can directly access its abstract on PubMed. For open access articles, a free full-text link is often available, allowing you to download the research paper in PDF format.

PubMed integrates with tools like Unpaywall and the Open Access Button. These browser extensions help you find open-access versions of the articles you’re interested in, bypassing the paywalls that often restrict access to scholarly literature.

While PubMed itself doesn’t provide direct download links for all articles, its connection with these tools and various open access repositories ensures that you, as a researcher, have greater access to scientific papers.

Sci-Hub (with Caution)

Sci-Hub, often dubbed the ‘Pirate Bay of Science,’ has been a game-changer in the scientific community since its inception by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011.

It operates as a controversial, yet widely used platform providing free access to millions of research papers and academic articles that are typically locked behind paywalls.

As a researcher, you might find Sci-Hub an intriguing, albeit contentious, tool for accessing scholarly literature.

When you’re looking to download a research paper from Sci-Hub, the process is relatively straightforward. Say you need a journal article on computer science or a groundbreaking study in social sciences from 2023; you just need to have the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the paper.

By entering this DOI into Sci-Hub’s search bar, the website bypasses publisher paywalls, offering you direct download links to PDF versions of the articles.

It’s crucial to note that while Sci-Hub provides access to a vast repository of scientific research, its legality is under constant scrutiny. The platform operates via various proxy links and has been the subject of numerous legal battles with publishers and academic institutions.

Nevertheless, Sci-Hub remains a popular go-to for researchers and scientists globally, especially those without access to university libraries or digital archives.

While it opens doors to a wealth of knowledge, users should be aware of the ethical and legal implications of using such a service in their respective countries.

Wrapping Up: You Can Get Free Academic Papers 

The digital landscape offers a wealth of resources for accessing academic research without financial barriers. The platforms we share here provide an invaluable service to the scholarly community, democratising access to knowledge and fostering intellectual growth.

Whether you’re a seasoned researcher or a curious student, these websites bridge the gap between you and the vast world of academic literature, ensuring that the pursuit of knowledge remains an inclusive and equitable journey for all. Remember to consider the legal and ethical aspects when using these resources.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Articles Web of Science: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) search

Web of science: digital object identifier (doi) search, may 20, 2022 • knowledge, information.

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How to use SCI HUB to download research papers for free

Use Sci-Hub to download research papers

The  Sci-Hub  project supports the Open Access  movement in science. It provides mass & public access to research papers.

Often we have reported that most of the research papers published by some reputed journals are paid. If anyone wants to download such manuscripts, he needs to pay to access such papers.

SCI Hub allows downloading and reading such papers for free . Sci-H ub contains most of the academic and scientific papers. What one has to do is visit the site after finding the research paper link or DOI of the journal article . You can paste the DOI or URL in the search button and click search. If the paper is available, a preview will be shown. You can download this paper and use it for your reference.

Researchers most often use SCI HUB to download research papers for free.

How to use Sci Hub?

Follow the below steps to download paid researchers papers for free using Sci-Hub.

Step 1: Go to the official website of SCI- HUB .

Step 2: Enter the Title/ DOI/ URL of the research paper which you want to download/ read using SCI HUB.

Step 3: Click on Open or press enter key.

Step 4: As soon as you perform step 3, the desired research paper will visible on the website. You can download the paper from click on the download icon.

Thanks for reading our article. I hope you like it.

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Download Research Papers and Scientific Articles for free (Sci-Hub and Library Genesis links updated August 2022)

Many students and researchers need to find a paper for their research, to complete the review of an article, or while writing their thesis. Many papers can be found through your university library, but for those that you may not have access to through your institution, we take a look at the three largest open access sites, as well as sci hub and Library Genesis .

Unpaywall Unpaywall is a website built by Impactstory, a nonprofit working to make science more open and reusable online. They are supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. What they do is gather all the articles they can from all the open-access repositories on the internet. These are papers that have been provided by the authors or publishers for free, and thus Unpaywall is completely legal. They say they have about 50-85% of all scientific articles available in their archive. Works with Chrome or Firefox.

PaperPanda PaperPanda is a free browser extension for Chrome that gives you one-click access to papers and journal articles. When you find a paper on the publisher’s site, just click the PaperPanda icon and the panda goes and finds the PDF for you.

Open Access Button The Open Access Button  does something very similar to Unpaywall, with some major differences. They search thousands of public repositories, and if the article is not in any of them they send a request to the author to make the paper publicly available with them. The more people try to find an article through them, the more requests an author gets. You can search for articles/papers directly from their page, or download their browser extension.

Library Genesis Library Genesis is a database of over 5 million (yes, million) free papers, articles, entire journals, and non-fiction books. They also have comics, fiction books, and books in many non-english languages. They are also known as LibGen or Genesis Library. Many of the papers on Library Genesis are the same as sci hub, but what sets them apart is that Library Genesis has books as well.

OAmg OAmg lets you search for journal articles and papers, download them, and of course cite them in your Citationsy projects. After entering a query it searches through all published papers in the world and shows you the matches. You can then click a result to see more details and read a summary. It will also let you download the paper through a couple different, completely legal open access services. www.oa.mg

Sci-Hub (link updated August 2022) Finally, there’s Sci Hub . Science-Hub works in a completely different way than the other two: researchers, students, and other academics donate their institutional login to Schi-Hub, and when you search for a paper they download it through that account. After the articles has been downloaded they store a copy of it on their own servers. You can basically download 99% of all scientific articles and papers on SciHub. Just enter the DOI to download the papers you need for free from scihub. Shihub was launched by the researcher Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011 with the goal of providing free access to research to everyone, not only those who have the money to pay for journals. Many in the scientific community praise hub-sci / sciencehub for furthering the knowledge of humankind and helping academics from all over the world. shi hub has been sued many times by publishers like Elsevier but it is still accessible, for example by using a sci hub proxy.

You can find links to Sci-Hub on Wikipedia ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub ) or WikiData ( https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21980377#P856 ).

Referencing and Writing Advice Unlocking Knowledge Getting the green light when using plagiarism detection software doesn’t mean you haven’t plagiarised.

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14 Websites to Download Research Paper for Free – 2024

14 Top Websites for Free, Open Access Research Paper Download

Collecting and reading relevant research articles to one’s research areas is important for PhD scholars. However, for any research scholar, downloading a research paper is one of the most difficult tasks. You must pay for access to high-quality research materials or subscribe to the journal or publication. In this article, ilovephd lists the top 14 websites to download free research papers, journals, books, datasets, patents, and conference proceedings downloads.

Free Research Paper Download Websites – 2024

Check the 14 best free websites to download and read research papers listed below:

Sci-Hub is a website link with over 64.5 million academic papers and articles available for direct download. It bypasses publisher paywalls by allowing access through educational institution proxies.  To download papers Sci-Hub  stores papers in its repository, this storage is called Library Genesis (LibGen) or Library Genesis Proxy 2024. It helps researchers to download free articles by simply using Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the article.

Visit: Working Sci-Hub Proxy Links – 2024

2. Z-Library

The Z-Library clones Library Genesis, a shadow library project. Z-Library facilitates file sharing of scholarly journal articles, academic texts, and general-interest books (including some copyrighted materials). While most of its books come from Library Genesis, further expanding the collection, users can also directly upload content to the site. This user-contributed content helps to make literature even more widely available. Additionally, individuals can donate to the website’s repository, furthering their mission of free access.

Z-Library claims to have a massive collection, boasting more than 10,139,382 Books books and 84,837,646 Articles articles as of April 25, 2024. According to the project’s page for academic publications (at booksc.org), it aspires to be “the world’s largest e-book library” as well as “the world’s largest scientific papers repository.” Interestingly, Z-Library also describes itself as a donation-based non-profit organization.

Visit Z-Library – You can Download 70,000,000+ scientific articles for free

3. Library Genesis

The Library Genesis aggregator is a community aiming to collect and catalog item descriptions for the most scientific, scientific, and technical directions, as well as file metadata. In addition to the descriptions, the aggregator contains only links to third-party resources hosted by users. All information posted on the website is collected from publicly available public Internet resources and is intended solely for informational purposes.

Visit: libgen.li

4. Unpaywall – Free Research Paper Download

Unpaywall harvests Open Access content from over 50,000 publishers and repositories, and makes it easy to find, track, and use. It is integrated into thousands of library systems, search platforms, and other information products worldwide. If you’re involved in scholarly communication, there’s a good chance you’ve already used Unpaywall data.

Unpaywall is run by OurResearch, a nonprofit dedicated to making scholarships more accessible to everyone. Open is our passion. So it’s only natural our source code is open, too.

Visit: unpaywall.org

5. GetTheResearch.org

GetTheResearch.org is an  Artificial Intelligence(AI)  powered search engine for searching and understanding  scientific articles  for researchers and scientists. It was developed as a part of the  Unpaywall  project. Unpaywall is a database of 23,329,737 free scholarly Open Access(OA) articles from over 50,000 publishers and repositories, and make it easy to find, track, and use.

Visit: Find and Understand 25 Million Peer-Reviewed Research Papers for Free

6. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) was launched in 2003 with 300 open-access journals. Today, this independent index contains almost 17,500 peer-reviewed, open-access journals covering all areas of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, arts, and humanities. Open-access journals from all countries and in all languages are accepted for indexing.

DOAJ is financially supported by many libraries, publishers, and other like-minded organizations. Supporting DOAJ demonstrates a firm commitment to open access and the infrastructure that supports it.

Visit: doaj.org

7. Researcher

The Researcher is a free journal-finding mobile application that helps you to read new journal papers every day that are relevant to your research. It is the most popular mobile application used by more than 3 million scientists and researchers to keep themselves updated with the latest academic literature.

Visit: 10 Best Apps for Graduate Students 

8. Science Open

ScienceOpen  is a discovery platform with interactive features for scholars to enhance their research in the open, make an impact, and receive credit for it. It provides context-building services for publishers, to bring researchers closer to the content than ever before. These advanced search and discovery functions, combined with post-publication peer review, recommendation, social sharing, and collection-building features make  ScienceOpen  the only research platform you’ll ever need.

Visit: scienceopen.com

OA.mg is a search engine for academic papers. Whether you are looking for a specific paper, or for research from a field, or all of an author’s works – OA.mg is the place to find it.

Visit: oa.mg

10. Internet Archive Scholar

Internet Archive Scholar (IAS) is a full-text search index that includes over 25 million research articles and other scholarly documents preserved in the Internet Archive. The collection spans from digitized copies of eighteenth-century journals through the latest Open Access conference proceedings and pre-prints crawled from the World Wide Web.

Visit: Sci hub Alternative – Internet Archive Scholar

11. Citationsy Archives

Citationsy was founded in 2017 after the reference manager Cenk was using at the time, RefMe, was shut down. It was immediately obvious that the reason people loved RefMe — a clean interface, speed, no ads, and simplicity of use — did not apply to CiteThisForMe. It turned out to be easier than anticipated to get a rough prototype up.

Visit: citationsy.com

CORE is the world’s largest aggregator of open-access research papers from repositories and journals. It is a not-for-profit service dedicated to the open-access mission. We serve the global network of repositories and journals by increasing the discoverability and reuse of open-access content.

It provides solutions for content management, discovery, and scalable machine access to research. Our services support a wide range of stakeholders, specifically researchers, the general public, academic institutions, developers, funders, and companies from a diverse range of sectors including but not limited to innovators, AI technology companies, digital library solutions, and pharma.

Visit: core.ac.uk

13. Dimensions

The database called “Dimensions” covers millions of research publications connected by more than 1.6 billion citations, supporting grants, datasets, clinical trials, patents, and policy documents.

Dimensions is the most comprehensive research grants database that links grants to millions of resulting publications, clinical trials, and patents. It

provides up-to-the-minute online attention data via Altmetric, showing you how often publications and clinical trials are discussed around the world. 226m Altmetric mentions with 17m links to publications.

Dimensions include datasets from repositories such as Figshare, Dryad, Zenodo, Pangaea, and many more. It hosts millions of patents with links to other citing patents as well as to publications and supporting grants.

Visit: dimensions.ai

14. PaperPanda – Download Research Papers for Free

PaperPanda is a Chrome extension that uses some clever logic and the Panda’s detective skills to find you the research paper PDFs you need. Essentially, when you activate PaperPanda it finds the DOI of the paper from the current page, and then goes and searches for it. It starts by querying various Open Access repositories like OpenAccessButton, OaDoi, SemanticScholar, Core, ArXiV, and the Internet Archive. You can also set your university library’s domain in the settings (this feature is in the works and coming soon). PaperPanda will then automatically search for the paper through your library. You can also set a different custom domain in the settings.

Visit: PaperPanda

I hope this article will help you to know some of the best websites to download research papers and journals for free. By utilizing open-access databases, free search tools, and potentially even your local university library, you can access a wealth of valuable scholarly information without infringing on a copyright. Remember, ethical practices in research paper downloading are important, so always prioritize legal access to materials whenever possible. Happy researching!

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Unlocking knowledge: your gateway to open access scientific papers and research data, introduction.

In the digital era, the quest for knowledge and scientific discovery is no longer confined to the walls of academia and research institutions. Welcome to [Your Website Name] , a dedicated platform for finding and downloading open access scientific papers and other research data. Our mission is to democratize access to scientific information, making it freely available to researchers, students, and curious minds across the globe.

What is Open Access?

Open Access (OA) refers to the practice of providing unrestricted access via the Internet to peer-reviewed scholarly research. OA content is available to all, without the usual financial or legal barriers. We believe that open access is crucial in fostering a culture of knowledge sharing and collaboration, thereby accelerating innovation and discovery.

Types of Open Access:

• Gold Open Access: Papers are published in open access journals that provide immediate open access to all of their articles.
• Green Open Access (Self-Archiving): Authors publish in any journal and then self-archive a version of the article for free public use in their institutional repository or on a website.
• Hybrid Open Access: Some articles in a subscription journal are made open access upon the payment of an additional charge.

Downloading Resources

• Direct Downloads: Once you find a paper or dataset, download it directly.
• Citation Tools: Easily export citations in various formats to incorporate them into your research.

Open Access

Open access in scientific publishing represents a transformative approach that breaks down traditional barriers to knowledge dissemination. It is a movement dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all, fostering a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community. At its core, open access allows for the unrestricted sharing of research findings, enabling scientists, academicians, and the general public to access and utilize scientific papers without the constraints of subscription fees or licensing restrictions. This paradigm shift in scholarly communication is driven by the belief that knowledge, particularly that which is publicly funded, should be a communal resource, accessible to everyone for the greater good of society.

In the realm of scientific research, open access has numerous advantages. It accelerates the pace of discovery by allowing researchers to build upon existing work without delay, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-pollination of ideas across various fields. This is particularly crucial in addressing global challenges, where rapid and unencumbered access to research can lead to faster solutions. Furthermore, open access democratizes knowledge by making it available to researchers in developing countries who may not have the resources for expensive journal subscriptions, thereby narrowing the research gap between high and low-income countries.

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• Published: 14 May 2024

2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years

• Jan Esper   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-014X 1 , 2 ,
• Max Torbenson   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-2238 1 &
• Ulf Büntgen 2 , 3 , 4  

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

• Climate change
• Palaeoclimate

Including an exceptionally warm Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer 1 ,2 , 2023 has been reported as the hottest year on record 3-5 . Contextualizing recent anthropogenic warming against past natural variability is nontrivial, however, because the sparse 19 th century meteorological records tend to be too warm 6 . Here, we combine observed and reconstructed June-August (JJA) surface air temperatures to show that 2023 was the warmest NH extra-tropical summer over the past 2000 years exceeding the 95% confidence range of natural climate variability by more than half a degree Celsius. Comparison of the 2023 JJA warming against the coldest reconstructed summer in 536 CE reveals a maximum range of pre-Anthropocene-to-2023 temperatures of 3.93°C. Although 2023 is consistent with a greenhouse gases-induced warming trend 7 that is amplified by an unfolding El Niño event 8 , this extreme emphasizes the urgency to implement international agreements for carbon emission reduction.

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Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

Jan Esper & Max Torbenson

Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

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Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Esper, J., Torbenson, M. & Büntgen, U. 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07512-y

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07512-y

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Title: frequency-assisted mamba for remote sensing image super-resolution.

Abstract: Recent progress in remote sensing image (RSI) super-resolution (SR) has exhibited remarkable performance using deep neural networks, e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers. However, existing SR methods often suffer from either a limited receptive field or quadratic computational overhead, resulting in sub-optimal global representation and unacceptable computational costs in large-scale RSI. To alleviate these issues, we develop the first attempt to integrate the Vision State Space Model (Mamba) for RSI-SR, which specializes in processing large-scale RSI by capturing long-range dependency with linear complexity. To achieve better SR reconstruction, building upon Mamba, we devise a Frequency-assisted Mamba framework, dubbed FMSR, to explore the spatial and frequent correlations. In particular, our FMSR features a multi-level fusion architecture equipped with the Frequency Selection Module (FSM), Vision State Space Module (VSSM), and Hybrid Gate Module (HGM) to grasp their merits for effective spatial-frequency fusion. Recognizing that global and local dependencies are complementary and both beneficial for SR, we further recalibrate these multi-level features for accurate feature fusion via learnable scaling adaptors. Extensive experiments on AID, DOTA, and DIOR benchmarks demonstrate that our FMSR outperforms state-of-the-art Transformer-based methods HAT-L in terms of PSNR by 0.11 dB on average, while consuming only 28.05% and 19.08% of its memory consumption and complexity, respectively.

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Applications of $ q- $Ultraspherical polynomials to bi-univalent functions defined by $ q- $Saigo's fractional integral operators

• Tariq Al-Hawary 1 ,  ,  , 
• Ala Amourah 2 ,  ,  , 
• Abdullah Alsoboh 3 ,  ,  , 
• Osama Ogilat 4 , 
• Irianto Harny 5 , 
• Maslina Darus 6
• 1. Department of Applied Science, Ajloun College, Al Balqa Applied University, Ajloun 26816, Jordan
• 2. Mathematics Education Program, Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University, Sohar 3111, Oman
• 3. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, 19392 Amman, Jordan
• 4. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
• 5. Department General Education, Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
• 6. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
• Received: 06 December 2023 Revised: 04 April 2024 Accepted: 10 April 2024 Published: 16 May 2024

MSC : 30C45

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This study established upper bounds for the second and third coefficients of analytical and bi-univalent functions belonging to a family of particular classes of analytic functions utilizing $ q- $Ultraspherical polynomials under $ q- $Saigo's fractional integral operator. We also discussed the Fekete-Szegö family function problem. As a result of the specialization of the parameters used in our main results, numerous novel outcomes were demonstrated.

• $ q- $Ultraspherical polynomials ,
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• bi-univalent functions ,
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Citation: Tariq Al-Hawary, Ala Amourah, Abdullah Alsoboh, Osama Ogilat, Irianto Harny, Maslina Darus. Applications of $ q- $Ultraspherical polynomials to bi-univalent functions defined by $ q- $Saigo's fractional integral operators[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(7): 17063-17075. doi: 10.3934/math.2024828

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• © 2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 )

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Valence regulation in europium-doped fluoride phosphor for high-resolution x-ray time-lapse imaging †.

* Corresponding authors

a Yunnan Joint International Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650093, Yunnan, China E-mail: [email protected]

b Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China

c Department of Modern Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China

X-ray time-lapse imaging technology holds great potentials in healthcare diagnostics, radiation exposure monitoring and optoelectronics. However, classical methods, including optically stimulated luminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence, involve the construction of traps and release of carriers, leading to a short lifetime, instability and so on. Herein, we design a radio-photoluminescence material based on a conceptual model to achieve X-ray time-lapse imaging through X-ray-induced valence regulation in Eu-doped SrF 2 phosphor. The experimental results show that the X-ray dose distribution could be accurately obtained through photoluminescence discoloration. Moreover, the time-lapse imaging information written by X-ray could also be read out quickly upon ultraviolet irradiation using a delayed method, achieving a high time-lapse imaging resolution (16.6 lp mm −1 ) with a short irradiation time. This excellent performance is attributed to the optimized imaging plate prepared by applying the high-temperature melting method, which reduces the spacing between europium atoms, speeds up electron transfer, and improves the reduction rate from Eu 3+ to Eu 2+ . Meanwhile, the imaging plate displays excellent stability and reusability for X-ray time-lapse imaging. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into high-quality time-lapse X-ray imaging and dosimetry through valence regulation.

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Valence regulation in europium-doped fluoride phosphor for high-resolution X-ray time-lapse imaging

J. Zhang, X. Li, W. Zeng, D. Liu, L. Lu, H. Dai, J. Yuan, J. Shao, Z. Liu, J. Yu and X. Xu, J. Mater. Chem. C , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4TC01443J

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