essay on domestic animals

Domestic Animals Essay

Introduction

In the early days, our mother milking the cows and goats was a usual sight in households. Even now, maybe you will be waking up to the call of roosters and having eggs for breakfast. If the ancient houses have cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats, most of our homes today have many pets like dogs, cats, parrots etc. All these are called domestic animals, and we will be discussing their role in the domestic animals essay.

As domestic animals can be seen around us, it is necessary to teach our kids about them. We keep domestic animals at home either for pleasure or livelihood. The domestic animals essay in English will be useful for them to familiarise themselves with a variety of domestic animals and their importance. In this way, children will appreciate their value and become their companions.

Importance of Domestic Animals

Domestic animals are an important part of our lives. We depend on them for meeting our several needs and help each other in ways we can never think of. Children also find these domestic animals amusing, as they get to keep themselves entertained by the cuteness and naughtiness of these animals. Moreover, children will learn to care for and protect animals if they are given a domesticated animal. This will make them more humane as they grow up.

We will see the special connection that humans have with domestic animals in this short essay on domestic animals. People often talk to domestic animals as if they were real human beings. There is an intimate relationship between domestic animals and humans that we cannot imagine living without.

Types of Domestic Animals

Domestic animals can be tamed and made to work for us. They are also kept as pets and reared for food. There are different varieties of domestic animals, and we will be discussing the most important ones in this domestic animals essay. You can also use this to write about my pet animal essay .

Cows, buffaloes, and goats are the most domesticated animals that can be found in many of our homes. They give us milk, and cows and buffaloes are used in farming to plough the land. So, they are considered as farmer’s friends. Sheep is another domestic animal that gives us wool. Sheep have thick fur from where we get wool, which is then used for making clothes. We also get meat from these domestic animals.

In addition, dogs and cats are also the most popular domestic animals that we can see even inside our homes. Dogs are considered to be man’s loyal companions because they protect our house and property from thieves and burglars. They are so faithful that they warn us of any danger by barking. Cats entertain us, and they keep our house free from rats and rodents.

Horses and donkeys were used for carrying heavy loads from one town to another in the early days. But now, horses can be mainly seen in racing. Rabbits, pigeons and parrots are other types of domestic animals and birds that simply bring us joy. The domestic animals essay in English will make our kids understand that they are friendly and they work for us without any tiredness or complaint. As they are reliable and devoted to us, we must take extreme care of them.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main uses of domestic animals.

Domestic animals are primarily used for domestic and agricultural purposes. Along with giving us milk and wool, domestic animals provide excellent manure for the soil. They are also used for transportation purposes.

How should we care for domestic animals?

As domestic animals are useful for us in many ways, we must take care of them. By giving them proper food and shelter, we can ensure their survival. If they have any injuries, they must be treated immediately. There are chances that we get infected by disease-causing germs from them, so it is advised to clean them and their shelters regularly.

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Essay on Domestic Animals

Students are often asked to write an essay on Domestic Animals in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Domestic Animals

Introduction.

Domestic animals are those animals that live with humans and are tamed for various purposes. They include pets like dogs and cats, and livestock like cows and chickens.

Types of Domestic Animals

There are many types of domestic animals. Dogs and cats are kept for companionship. Cows, goats, and chickens provide us with milk, meat, and eggs. Horses and donkeys are used for transportation.

Benefits of Domestic Animals

Domestic animals are beneficial in many ways. They provide us with food, help in transportation, and offer companionship. Some animals even assist people with disabilities.

In conclusion, domestic animals play a significant role in our lives. They are our friends, helpers, and a vital part of our ecosystem.

Also check:

• 10 Lines on Domestic Animals

250 Words Essay on Domestic Animals

Domestic animals, also known as pets or livestock, play a crucial role in human society. They are integral to various aspects of human life, providing companionship, food, labor, and even clothing.

Domestication and Evolution

The process of domestication has shaped the evolution of these animals. Early humans began domesticating animals around 10,000 years ago, starting with dogs. This symbiotic relationship has significantly influenced the physical and behavioral traits of domestic animals, making them more adaptable to human environments.

Roles and Importance

Domestic animals serve multiple roles. Pets, such as dogs and cats, provide emotional support and companionship, while livestock like cows, goats, and chickens are essential for food production, providing meat, milk, and eggs. Working animals, like horses and oxen, have historically been used for transportation and labor.

Impact on Society and Environment

Domestic animals have considerable societal and environmental impacts. They contribute to economic stability, particularly in rural areas where livestock farming is a primary source of income. However, intensive animal farming can lead to environmental challenges, including deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions.

In conclusion, domestic animals have a profound impact on human society. They not only fulfill our basic needs but also enrich our lives in many ways. However, it is crucial to ensure their welfare and manage their environmental impact for a sustainable future.

500 Words Essay on Domestic Animals

Introduction to domestic animals.

Domestic animals, also known as pets or livestock, have been an integral part of human civilization for thousands of years. They not only provide us with companionship and emotional support but also contribute significantly to our survival and economic stability.

The Co-evolution of Humans and Domestic Animals

The domestication of animals started approximately 10,000 years ago, coinciding with the advent of agriculture. This was not a one-sided process but a co-evolution, whereby both humans and animals mutually benefited and adapted to each other’s presence. Humans provided animals with food, protection, and care, while animals offered labor, transport, food sources, and companionship in return. This symbiotic relationship has shaped human culture, economy, and even our biological evolution.

Classification of Domestic Animals

Domestic animals can be broadly classified into two categories: companion animals and farm animals. Companion animals, such as dogs and cats, primarily provide emotional support and companionship. They have been bred for specific traits that make them suitable for close interaction with humans, such as temperament, size, and lifespan.

Farm animals, on the other hand, are primarily kept for their economic value. This category includes animals like cows, sheep, chickens, and pigs, which provide us with essential resources such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool. They also contribute to agriculture by providing labor and manure for fertilization.

The Impact of Domestic Animals on Society

Domestic animals have a profound impact on human society. They play a vital role in the economy, particularly in rural and developing areas where agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary sources of livelihood. They also contribute to human health and well-being. Companion animals, for instance, have been found to reduce stress and improve mental health.

However, the domestication of animals also raises ethical and environmental concerns. Intensive farming practices can lead to animal welfare issues and contribute to climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to promote sustainable and humane practices in animal husbandry.

In conclusion, domestic animals have played a central role in the development of human civilization. They have shaped our societies, economies, and cultures, while also enriching our lives with companionship and emotional support. However, as we continue to rely on them for various needs, it is our responsibility to ensure their welfare and minimize our environmental impact. The relationship between humans and domestic animals is a testament to our interdependence with the natural world, reminding us of our role as stewards of the planet.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Stray Animals
• Essay on Importance of Animals
• Essay on Exploring Human Animal Relationship

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Essay On Animals

The quote by Anatole France, “Until one has loved an animal, a part of one’s soul remains unawakened”, sums it all about animals. Planet Earth is home to humans as well as animals. According to the survey, it is estimated that over 8 million species of animals exist on Earth, living on land and water. Each species has a unique place in the environment and balances the ecosystem. These species play a significant role in the stability of the ecosystem, environment, and our lives.

100 Words Essay On Animals

200 words essay on animals, 500 words essay on animals.

Since the beginning of human civilisation, humans have interacted with wildlife. Before the era of industrialisation and urbanisation, human life was dependent on animals. The big animals were a threat to our ancestors who once lived in caves and were nomads. Eventually, they learned to survive, fight and use the animal's skin for clothing, the meat for food or bait, and ivory elements as utensils or ornaments. Even as humans evolved, animals have contributed to various aspects like transportation, the economy, social life etc. The increased dependence of humans on animals has caused threats to their existence. Hence, their preservation and protection against any abuse is our responsibility.

Animals are the most adorable and loving creatures existing on Earth. They might not be able to speak, but they can understand. They have a unique mode of interaction which is beyond human understanding. There are two types of animals: domestic and wild animals.

Domestic Animals | Domestic animals such as dogs, cows, cats, donkeys, mules and elephants are the ones which are used for the purpose of domestication. Wild animals refer to animals that are not normally domesticated and generally live in forests. They are important for their economic, survival, beauty, and scientific value.

Wild Animals | Wild animals provide various useful substances and animal products such as honey, leather, ivory, tusk, etc. They are of cultural asset and aesthetic value to humankind. Human life largely depends on wild animals for elementary requirements like the medicines we consume and the clothes we wear daily.

Nature and wildlife are largely associated with humans for several reasons, such as emotional and social issues. The balanced functioning of the biosphere depends on endless interactions among microorganisms, plants and animals. This has led to countless efforts by humans for the conservation of animals and to protect them from extinction. Animals have occupied a special place of preservation and veneration in various cultures worldwide.

Animals are made up of numerous cells that can move, sense and reproduce. They play a vital role in maintaining nature’s balance. Numerous animal species exist in the land as well as water, and each has a purpose for their existence.

Different Types Of Animals

Biologists have divided into particular groups for better understanding at the species level, for instance – amphibians - animals which live on land as well as water, reptiles – which are scaled bodies and cold-blooded animals, mammals – animals which give birth to the offspring in the womb and have mammary glands, birds – animals with forelimbs evolved to wings and feather-covered body, and also lays eggs for giving birth, fishes – aquatic animals having fins in place of limbs, and gills for the respiration, insects – they are mostly six-legged or more, and mostly having a head, abdomen, and thorax.

How Animals Help Humans

Since the time of existence and evolution of human beings, we have established ourselves as the greater and more superior species because of sophisticated and advanced ways of thinking and applying. With time, humans have learned to use animals to their benefit and have also realised how to incorporate animals into our social lives:-

Animal husbandry has been in existence for a very long period of time.

Animals have been used for numerous purposes like clothing, food, entertainment, and transportation.

Animals have also been used to discover new things from tests and research. Several vaccines and medicines obtained from animals have turned out to be benison.

Animals have also been used for outer-space explorations, leading to milestone achievements in scientific discoveries.

Humans have used animals for good (sustain livelihood) and evil purposes (acts of torture to poor animals). Even as the world modernised, people have started thinking about animals and working for their rights, creating awareness among humans.

The bond between humans and animals has evolved as a strong bond, and now both coexist with a mutual understanding of nature. Humans have strived to preserve those endangered and rare species via modern conservation modes, including national parks, sanctuaries, etc.

My Experience With Animals

As a child raised in a city, I never had first-hand experience with animals. Though people domesticate animals, I was always afraid of them. Due to the fear of getting infected and being bitten, I never went near them. One fine day, I saw finches in the pet shop near my house. At first glance, I loved them for a long time, but then one of my friends asked me to reach out to them and observe them. To my astonishment, the finches drew near me and were looking at me. I thought to take them with me, and when I took them – I was amazed by their understanding, love and interactions. This led me to love the animals and look at them from a different perspective, not with a fearful heart. They are the most loving creatures existing on Earth.

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Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Ariel m tarazona.

1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal Medellín, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Antioquia 050034, Colombia

Maria C Ceballos

2 Grupo ETCO, Group of Studies and Research in Animal Ethology and Ecology, Jaboticabal-SP 14884-900, Brazil; moc.liamg@03sollabecm

3 Swine Teaching and Research Center, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA

Donald M Broom

4 St Catharine’s College and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK; ku.ca.mac@61bmd

Simple Summary

In a situation where human actions are damaging much of the life of the world, it is important to remember that the basic concepts of biology, welfare, and health are the same for humans and all other animals. Human actions have wide consequences and we need to change the way we interact with other living beings. An understanding of the concepts of one health, one welfare, one biology, and their application to daily decisions about production systems, public policies, markets, and consumers could mitigate current negative impacts. In particular, an understanding of human relationships with animals used for food, work, or company helps in dealing with challenges concerning their use and system sustainability, including the animal’s welfare. Animal welfare should always be considered in our relationships with animals, not only for direct impacts, e.g., manipulations, but also for indirect effects, e.g., on the environment, disease spread, natural resource availability, culture, and society.

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness.

1. Introduction

1.1. who are we.

From a biological point of view, each human is an animal, a mammal, an ape with a scientific name like other animals Homo sapiens [ 1 ]. Many studies have shown that humans are different from other animals only in degree, not in terms of the general aspects of the biological functioning of their genome, body, or brain. There are differences in the way that human and other brains work, but humans share each of the brain systems with many other animals [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Whilst there are differences in the anatomical areas in which functional mechanisms occur, the actual functions that occur in humans also occur in other species. For example, the high-level cognitive functioning of birds like crows and parrots occurs in a different anatomical area from that in mammals, and pain analysis occurs in different areas in different groups of fish and in mammals. The human frontal and pre-frontal cortex have some more complex activities compared with other animals. Humans have better mathematical logic, perception of time, complex reasoning, analytical capacity, and prediction of events than most other species [ 6 ]. However, many non-human animals use their brains to make complex decisions, plan for the future, have concepts of objects that are not present, use tools, communicate, deceive, and show empathy [ 4 ]. Examples of empathy include a chimpanzee responding to another during childbirth, a dolphin lifting a human swimmer in difficulty or a sick dolphin, and a pet dog responding to another individual that is in pain; some of these are shown in [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The basic concepts of biology are the same for humans and other species and almost all biological systems occur in all vertebrates, including humans, so if each human is considered important, each other vertebrate individual could reasonably be considered to be important [ 10 ]. Contrary to the teachings of some religions, humans are animals; they have few differences from other animals and do not have to be considered as special in the sense of being more important [ 11 ]. The logical question raised here concerns how great a difference between one species and others requires that the species be valued more, or valued so much that other species are hardly valued at all. Humans can do much harm to other animals and to the local and world environment.

Thanks to advances in knowledge of biological phenomena related to reproduction, we know that animals with sexual reproduction (including humans) come from the DNA contained in an ovule (maternal) and a spermatozoon (paternal), producing the genotype that interacts with the environment to result in the phenotype of the new individual [ 12 ]. The probability of each individual existing is very low. Each human comes from one spermatozoon out of approximately 200 million [ 13 ], that merges with one of approximately 300 thousand potential ovules [ 14 ]. To this, we add the improbability that the parents of that individual existed, and also their grandparents, great grandparents, and so on, for generations. Every cow ( Bos taurus , B. indicus ), pig ( Sus scrofa ), dog ( Canis familiaris, C. lupus) , cat ( Felis sylvestris catus ), rainbow trout ( Onchorhynchus mykiss) , horse ( Equus caballus), and human share this improbability in general terms. Being aware of the improbability of life, its short duration and its fragility, we could assign more value to and have more respect for other equally improbable life forms. When making use of animals for food, work, or companionship, we could consider that each is a unique and unrepeatable life.

During human evolution, there have been specialist developments, such as the thumb becoming opposed to the other fingers and the brain structure that allows grammar in language [ 15 ]. Other kinds of animals developed other specializations that are different adaptations from those of humans, not worse adaptations. Humans developed physical abilities to make things and a complex brain. Is this the ultimate that is possible? Future beings are likely to have greater abilities and current human abilities are already in some ways surpassed by the robots and other machines that are created by humans to replace us in many daily tasks [ 16 ]. A key adaptation in humans and other animals has been the evolution of feelings and emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, and pain that facilitate learning and other components of environmental control systems [ 17 , 18 ]

Humans are more similar to other animals than most people think. The DNA of all vertebrates including humans has far more similarities across groups than differences [ 19 ]. The differences that some people present as exclusive to humans, such as language, emotions, the notion of culture or society, cooperation and altruism, have been reported in other beings, with scientific evidence demonstrating their existence in various groups of animals [ 4 , 10 ]. Indeed, some non-human species can be considered as moral agents [ 3 , 11 ]. In addition to our production of elaborate artistic outputs, two qualities that we might not share with non-human animals are that we produce much non-organic waste and we have the potential to decide more about our diet and environmental impact. An answer to the question “Who are we” is that we are the sentient beings living on earth.

As mentioned above, there is only one biology and all of the basic concepts, including welfare and health, have the same meaning for all animals. The concept of welfare as defined by Broom in 1986: “the welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment” [ 20 ], includes feelings, health, and other mechanisms for coping. It clearly applies to humans and to any other living animal. Health is an important part of welfare and is the state of an individual, as regards its attempts to cope with pathology [ 21 ].

1.2. Where Are We?

Despite the wide-ranging effects of humans during 200,000 years and recent loudly-voiced campaigns for resource conservation, the reduction of waste, and the responsibility of each person for the care of the planet, little has actually been achieved to stop us from being one more species within the 6th great extinction [ 22 , 23 ]. In a universe 13,700 million years old, on a planet 4,500 million years old [ 24 ], our species is very young compared with jellyfish 500 million years old [ 25 ] or cockroaches 350 million [ 26 ]. Only in the last 13,000 years have humans created substantial settlements and utilised many plant and animal species [ 27 , 28 ]. Domestication of species such as goats, sheep, pigs, cows, dogs, and cats [ 4 , 29 , 30 ] and the evolution of human-animal relationships [ 31 , 32 ] have been described. We consider here how we have modulated our relationships with animals, negatively and positively and the impacts of the sciences of ethology and animal welfare. The history of animal welfare science is discussed by Broom [ 4 , 33 ].

Humans have long seen the world as a pantry, as a warehouse of materials that could be exploited and used at will, as if they were infinite and as if there were no consequences of material extraction or use [ 34 ]. Energy from coal, steam, oil, and oil derivatives led to humans generating much non-organic waste. This can remain unchanged for decades, centuries, or perhaps millennia, generating unpredictable consequences for the integrity of the matrix of life on the planet [ 35 ]. As a consequence of the human actions of the last two centuries, we are currently facing climate change [ 36 ], emerging diseases derived from animal population management [ 37 ], environmental pollution [ 38 ], deforestation [ 39 ], loss of ecosystems due to mining [ 40 ], and loss of biodiversity on cultivated land because of herbicide use, pesticide use, and other agricultural practices [ 41 , 42 ]. The changes in our relationship with domestic animals, associated with the intensification of farming, has resulted in many animal welfare problems. In the last few decades, the public perception of consumption has changed and has generated demands for the creation of laws, codes of practice, and public policies for the improvement of animal welfare in many countries [ 4 , 43 ]. Currently, animal welfare has been accepted as a key issue by FAO and OIE, is a public morality issue accepted by WTO, and is an integral part of the sustainability criteria of animal production systems [ 41 , 44 ].

1.3. Where Are We Going?

There is currently increasing production of meat, milk, and eggs, as demanded by the growing human population. Industrialized systems require a large number of resources such as water, soil, fertilizers, and fuels [ 45 , 46 , 47 ] and the use of world resources is often inefficient. They generate significant amounts of waste such as faeces, urine, materials used as bedding, and by-products not used in human food such as bones, leather, feathers, and hair. In addition to the potential effect of waste, water and air pollution, products may also contain residues of medications or antibiotics and this is a significant problem to solve, for example because of their effect on native aquatic populations [ 48 ]. Some of these systems have negative consequences for aspects of sustainability, including animal welfare. However, since good welfare generally results in higher production efficiency, we must use systems with good welfare that optimize the use of resources such as water and soil, use alternative energies such as solar or wind, and generate less and cleaner waste.

Although currently there are many initiatives to change traditional industrialized systems to cleaner alternatives that use world resources better, the reality is that the human demand for animal protein, working animals, and companion animals far exceeds the rate of transformation of those systems. Given this situation, we present some of the challenges concerning the welfare of domesticated animals. The concepts of one health and one welfare [ 49 ] are becoming widely accepted and we add “one biology”. The one biology concept implies that the biological principles are exactly the same for humans and all other animals, although there are specific differences between species and between individuals. Investigating biology means investigating humans together with all other species. Ecological, conservation, and other environmental principles should not be thought of in different ways in relation to humans and other species. Whilst different kinds of animals have different needs, the concept of health and the concept of welfare are exactly the same for a human, a pig, and an octopus ( Octopus vulgaris ). Consequently, decisions about relationships between humans, other animals, and the environment should respect all biological aspects of all living beings. No production system is isolated and devoid of impact on or consequences for the local and world environment. An interesting example of the relationships between disease, welfare, and socio-economic issues is presented by Thumbi et al. [ 50 ] This study, from sub-Saharan Africa, shows linkages between human and animal health, and the consequences of averting human disease for malnutrition, household educational attainment, and income levels [ 50 ]. New challenges arise regarding requirements for an animal production system, among them, the importance of the role of animal welfare in sustainability, the development of public policies and standards, precise methods of evaluation, and the importance of understanding animal welfare science in order to respond to these challenges [ 51 ].

2. Current Trends in Animal Production Systems

In the 1960s, a change in human perception of animal production systems involved considering inadequate animal housing and management in industrialized systems that cause pain and suffering to the animals. Publicity about this, and demands from the public and politicians for accurate information about the animals, unleashed a series of reactions that eventually led to the consolidation over time of animal welfare science. This provides knowledge concerning the needs of animals and scientific evidence about how well individuals are coping with their environment. Using this, we can provide each species of animal that we keep with the most appropriate housing and management conditions for their physical condition, mental state, emotional balance, and for appropriate expression of behaviors [ 52 ].

It has been recommended that animal welfare should be considered in relation to “quality of life” and “a life worth living” [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Quality of life means the same as welfare, although not normally used for short time periods, so can be measured [ 56 ]. The measures of welfare are objective. However, there is a difficulty with saying whether or not a life is worth living, as the decision about this involves subjective human judgement [ 4 , 54 , 57 ]. We consider that it is better to rely on objective measures such as health, body condition, physiological and behavioral measures of welfare, and understanding the needs of animals and the supply of resources. In order to be able to judge what are the key factors affecting the welfare of farm animals, we have to consider the systems used, some of their physical components, and interactions between humans and farm animals, as described in the following sections. Recent welfare research has increasingly focused, not just on negative effects but on positive welfare with conditions provided where negative experiences, such as isolation, pain, fear, stress, are minimized and the opportunities to have positive experiences, such as grooming, rest, play and affiliative behaviors, are provided [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The history and bases of animal welfare science have been addressed [ 33 , 61 , 62 ].

3. Production Systems and Animal Welfare

Industrialized high-density systems, for any of the farm species, have common characteristics associated with animal welfare problems, especially those associated with the supply of resources and management in relation to the needs of the animals [ 63 ]. Since the characteristics are specific to each species, age, breed, sex, size, etc., we list the characteristics and make a short description of the main problems in each species.

4. Welfare Problems Due to The Supply of Resources

The first resource is the place where animals live and the existing infrastructure. Facilities are essential because the animal interacts by direct contact with surfaces such as floors, walls, columns, and doors; this interaction can generate discomfort, lacerations, or increase the risk of behavioral problems or diseases. Insufficient space per animal is a very common problem for housed animals.

4.1. Housing Design

The quality of the floors of the facilities where the animals live for most of the time have a big effect on welfare, as do surfaces of paths where the animals move within the system, for example to milking, loading, unloading, crowding pen, or squeeze-chute. Ways in which characteristics such as material, nature of gaps in floors, drainage, roughness, slipperiness, and dirtiness can affect the welfare include: Physical damage to the animal’s feet, discomfort, inadequate rest postures, or difficulty in moving; discomfort during rest due to hardness of the floor, excessive wet or dirt; and increased risk of lameness disorders, respiratory infections, mastitis or endometritis due to dirtiness [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. The materials of the walls may damage the animals, walls should be free of irregularities and elements that could potentially cause injury such as wire, ties, nails, screws, metal projections, or wood clips [ 68 ]. The animal may use the walls as a thermoregulation mechanism by heat exchange through direct contact so good building materials are essential for the maintenance of good welfare. The material of the roof can affect conduction of heat from the outside to the interior of the building [ 69 ] and alter the microenvironment in which animals live [ 70 ]. When not properly maintained, rodents or birds nesting under the roof are potential vectors of pathogenic microorganisms or parasites for both domestic animals and humans.

The building structures, and other components of the environment provided for domestic animals, interact with the weather in the region to produce microenvironment conditions for the animals [ 71 ]. Specialized equipment may generate or control wind, cold, heat, humidity, or other conditions. Ventilation is essential in buildings and vehicles for both thermoregulation and dissipation of aversive odors and harmful gases. Light is important because it allows many of the animals’ natural behaviors; for example, in mares and sows, it is crucial for reproduction [ 72 ]. Temperature control is vital for homeostasis, and its absence can lead to thermal stress and sometimes parasite and disease proliferation. A small decrease in temperature can favor respiratory diseases, especially in juvenile animals. Thermal sensation is a consequence of temperature and humidity acting together. This perception by the animals is vital to avoid stress from both hyperthermia and hypothermia. Excessive air moisture decreases the rate of sweating and makes it difficult to exchange heat with the environment, and may cause heat shock in animals [ 73 ]. Solar radiation is essential in systems where animals live outdoors, not only in extensive systems but also in intensive confinement systems without shade. Excessive radiation in non-adapted animals can cause skin burns and has been associated with some types of dermal carcinomas, especially in depigmented animals [ 74 ]. The lack of shade can also cause heat stress [ 75 ].

4.2. Food and Water

Various studies in several animal species have shown that many characteristics of feeders and drinkers, such as material, size, height, and distribution, are important for animals. Inadequate designs and insufficient numbers of feeders and drinkers can generate serious welfare problems due to agonistic social behaviors or simply because they do not allow some individuals to access food and water resources [ 58 ]. Additionally, feeders with inadequate preventive maintenance can become pathogen sources. Damaged feeders and drinking troughs can increase the risk of injury to animals.

Food is a valuable resource for an animal that must meet three fundamental characteristics to avoid causing poor welfare. It must be provided in appropriate quantity, in good quality, and be accessible to all animals in a group. Therefore, factors such as the form of presentation of the food, the smell, color, taste, texture, and arrangement in space can determine whether or not all animals can access the resource when they have the motivation to do so [ 58 ]. Domestic species are willing to work hard to access water. Drinkers must be designed according to how animals show their water consumption behavior and be adapted to their anatomical structure. The water must be of sufficient quality to prevent problems in animals and be free of disturbing odors and tastes. The mishandling of both water and drinkers can generate many welfare problems due to dehydration; especially when the animal is under heat stress and its need for water increased. Any direct water consumption from natural water sources should take account of ecological implications. The amount of water used in beef production is described for four systems by Broom [ 47 ]

4.3. Bedding and Objects in Animal Accommodation

In many animal production systems, various materials are used as bedding in a building that houses animals. Among these materials are sawdust or wood chips, straw, synthetic materials, and agro-industry by-products such as rice hulls. The materials used in construction or bedding can also generate welfare problems, on the one hand for animal safety and on the other as a potential vector of diseases or parasites. Small particles forming dust can cause respiratory problems, for humans [ 76 ] but also for animals such as pigs and calves [ 77 ].

Objects in farm animal living accommodation can provide environmental enrichment to improve the captive environment and may prevent or reduce abnormal behaviors [ 78 ]. Objects can be fixed, mobile on the ground, or suspended, and designed to be touched, smelled, bitten or pushed. Objects within a system must be made of an innocuous material that does not injure the animals. Pigs prefer deformable and manipulable materials. Wooden objects can be dangerous when they break, leaving splinters that the animal can swallow. Plastic bags can cause asphyxiation and metal objects can cause cuts so all objects should be appropriate for the species.

5. Welfare Problems Due to Animal Grouping and Handling

How humans interact with animals can lead to animal welfare problems [ 79 ]. This is a subject for the training of staff. All those who handle animals should receive training. The way in which animals are distributed in limited and enclosed areas should be appropriate for their needs. Almost all farm animals are highly gregarious [ 80 ], and in the wild, they move in groups of defined numbers within a territorial or home range space [ 81 ]. The grouping of animals by human, on many occasions without taking account of their biology or former group composition, can lead to the expression of agonistic behaviors and serious welfare problems due to injuries and stress. The biology of the species must be taken into account, to make an adequate grouping, considering: the number of animals per group, sex, and physiological status [ 82 ]. An adequate density should allow freedom of movement of the animals and easy changes of posture. There should be space, at any given time, for all animals to lie down simultaneously with sufficient space between them for thermoregulation and movement. The group size should allow the recognition of all individuals and stable social cohesion [ 83 ].

The movement of animals from one place to another should be done in such a way that it does not generate stress or injuries in animals [ 84 ]. Driving methods should avoid direct contact, including blows, use of sticks, ropes, electric goads, or sharp objects. It should also be done in a quiet environment and at a steady pace, without causing fear to the animals. There should be avoidance of shouting and high-pitched sounds, since scared animals have a higher risk of slipping, falling, and injury [ 85 , 86 ]. Tools to facilitate driving without generating pain or stress in animals include flags and boards. The design and structure of buildings and races play an essential role in allowing easy movement of animals and ensuring good welfare. Poorly designed and poorly managed buildings lead to many welfare problems [ 85 ]. The training of stockpeople has been shown to substantially improve animal handling on farms, because it helps them understand the behavior of farm animals, positively modifies their attitudes, and improves their conduct toward animals [ 87 , 88 , 89 ].

A poor method for capturing animals can cause the animal to collide with hard structures and become injured [ 88 ]. Once captured, the animal can be immobilized, if necessary. This immobilization requires adequate equipment, specialized races and other structures, established protocols, and experienced handling by the person handling the animal [ 89 ]. Poor quality capture and immobilization generates risks for both the animal and the person who is handling it.

Pain Management

In animal production systems, many procedures generate pain in animals (see Table 1 ); both acute and chronic pain have negative consequences for animal welfare [ 90 ]. Pain is possibly one of the consequences with the most negative perception for the general public, so improvement in pain management is essential for the animal production industry. Pain can be managed basically in three ways: abolishing painful practice, using anesthesia, and using analgesia. Some practices, such as tail-docking may be abolished because there is no evidence that they generate a benefit for production in good conditions, for quality of milk, or for animal health. The question to consider is whether or not the practice executed is essential and justifiable from various points of view, including animal welfare [ 59 ]. Another example is surgical castration, which has been demonstrated to be painful by much research [ 91 , 92 , 93 ]. When partial strategies to reduce the pain caused by surgical castration are used, just analgesia or just anesthesia, pain is not completely prevented [ 94 , 95 ]. The pain induced during castration, and during wound healing, leads to activation of adrenal and sympathetic axes [ 96 ]. It is well known that adrenal hormones affect immune function, reducing NK cell activity, lymphocyte population, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, and reactivation of latent viral infections [ 97 ]. These effects have severe consequences for health, including delayed wound healing and impaired responses to vaccination [ 96 ]. When a painful practice generates a high level of pain, local or general anesthesia should be used. When a procedure generates pain that is known to remain for a substantial time after the end of the intervention, it is necessary to use analgesia in addition to anesthesia. This pain alleviation is important because some practices in farm animals are legally accepted, for either tradition, cost, convenience, veterinary treatment, sport, or breeding reasons [ 62 ].

Widespread welfare issues in domestic animals with usual causes and possible solutions.

6. The Main Welfare Challenges in Production Systems

Where stress means an environmental effect on an individual which over taxes its control systems and results in adverse consequences and eventually reduced fitness [ 96 ], some welfare problems are associated with stress. Some involve pain, some are long-term, and others are short-term. Table 1 is a summary of the most common welfare problems in farm animals. In addition to these problems for the animals, there can be difficulties for care staff if they receive different messages about animal care from owners, veterinarians, and colleagues.

The “one welfare” concept makes it clear that human welfare and non-human animal welfare mean the same thing, and that poor welfare often leads to poor health and other poor welfare, sometimes because the poor welfare suppresses immune system function. Poor welfare that makes production systems more inefficient is likely to have negative effects on human welfare too. Both stress and pain require energy for compensation, so part of the energy consumed by the animal is used to try to deal with welfare problems. The additional energy expenditure resulting from poor welfare reduces productive efficiency and has consequences for the sustainability of the system.

There is already scientific information about many of the causes of poor welfare and practical information about how to improve welfare, yet preventable mistakes that lead to many economic losses are made [ 98 ]. Some welfare problems mentioned in Table 1 require that genetic selection of farm animals be modified to reduce productivity since the animals are metabolically over-taxed. There is a trade-off here between what is best for welfare and the desirability of use of efficient production systems so that environmental impact is reduced [ 42 , 47 ].

7. Animal Production Systems, Human Health, and Environmental Impact

Under the concept of “one health”, it is understood that the health of humans and other animals are the same concept and area of effect [ 154 ]; therefore, the maintenance of health in production systems has positive repercussions on the assurance of good human health and mean health in all populations. The concept of One Welfare arises as a complement to the one health approach [ 154 , 155 ]; The fields of human and non-human welfare are empowered by addressing more effectively the connection between policy and science, including environmental science and sustainability. There is interconnection between the environment and the welfare of all animals, including humans [ 156 ]. Since the most prolonged and important human interaction with other animals is with pets and indirectly with the products of farm animals, Table 2 shows the main zoonotic diseases, excluding many that are transmitted by wild animals.

Most significant zoonotic diseases around the world. Listed by alphabetic order, not importance order. Adapted from the OIE-Listed diseases 2019.

8. Consequences of Human-Animal Relations for The Environment

In addition to the human-animal interaction problem of humans getting diseases directly from non-human animals, a further major problem is that human actions are having adverse effects on ecosystems and the whole world environment. This paradigm is not new; it began last century with the issue of climate change and global warming, which triggered alarms, especially for considering animal production systems as significantly responsible for greenhouse gas production and having a very large water and carbon footprint [ 157 ]. The need for a focus of attention on the impact of animal production on the environment has been strongly emphasized [ 158 ]. Livestock are described as one of the biggest factors responsible for climate change. Whilst there is now evidence that refutes several of these claims [ 159 ], the publication generated such a degree of discomfort with its assertions that it encouraged scientific investigation of the subject and efforts to refute the conclusions [ 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. One of the issues is that data often refer to only one system and this can be misleading. For example, whilst [ 158 ] and many other publications use largely beef feedlot system data when referring to beef impacts, beef production from feedlot systems is much worse for conserved water usage than extensive pasture, fertilized pasture, and semi-intensive silvopastoral systems; the last is a form of agroforestry, typically integrating three-level plant production, including improved pastures, high densities fodder shrubs with edible leaves, and timber, fruit or palm trees, that may also have edible leaves [ 163 ]. Land use is highest for extensive pasture and higher for feedlot systems than that for semi-intensive silvopastoral systems [ 47 ]. Another important issue is that herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep and some farmed fish can consume material that humans cannot consume. If the food products of these herbivorous animals are consumed, world resources are used more efficiently if they are not fed grain or other potential human food. It can be considered wasteful for human food to be fed to animals with a big loss of food availability to humans [ 163 , 164 ]. Broom [ 165 ] states that any effect which the general public find unacceptable makes a system unsustainable, for example: inefficient use of world resources, adverse effects on human health, negative impacts on animal welfare, harmful environmental effects, unacceptable genetic modification, not being “fair trade” or damage to rural communities. Some alternative solutions are agroforestry and the use of silvopastoral systems [ 166 , 167 ]. It has been shown that applying the principles of animal welfare for health assurance and maintenance of productive efficiency also has a direct impact on sustainability [ 163 ] and that some systems with high animal welfare standards are good for most other aspects of sustainability [ 168 ].

As an example of this are the set of “sustainable development goals (SDGs)” that the United Nations adopted in 2015, to reach 2030, a scenario without hunger and poverty, safe from the critical effects of climate change and loss of biodiversity [ 169 ]. A workshop called “Animal Welfare and the Sustainable Development Goals” in 2018 at the Swedish University of Agricultural Science had a group of 12 active participants, from eight countries, with an academic background in agricultural or veterinary science. They evaluated every goal and found that although animal welfare was not explicitly mentioned in the SDGs, working to achieve those goals is compatible with working the improvement of animal welfare [ 170 ].

9. Conclusions

Consideration of the welfare, including the health, of humans and consideration of welfare and disease spread in other animals, cannot be separated from evaluating the consequences of human decisions about the natural world. We ought to try to take account of each living being, and each community, population, and ecosystem; otherwise, human as well as other life could be endangered. Proposals are made to take account of the concepts of one health, one welfare, one biology; and to apply them to daily decisions about production systems. Animal welfare is fundamental to making decisions about the global consequences of our relationships with domestic animals, not only the direct impact of manipulating them, but also the effect on the environment, on disease spread, natural resource availability, culture, and society. A series of possible solutions are presented for a wide range of animal welfare problems, taking account, where relevant, of zoonotic and other diseases.

Acknowledgments

We express our gratitude to COLCIENCIAS for the financial support. We thank Ximena Tarazona and Adelina Velez for their help in formatting the manuscript.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.M.T., M.C.C. and D.M.B.; methodology, A.M.T., M.C.C. and D.M.B.; investigation, A.M.T., M.C.C. and D.M.B.; writing—original draft preparation, A.M.T. and M.C.C.; writing—review and editing, A.M.T., M.C.C. and D.M.B.; funding acquisition, A.M.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

This research was funded by grant 1115574558712, Project: Sistemas agropecuarios resilientes en el trópico húmedo para la ruralidad del posconflicto. Convocatoria 745- COLCIENCIAS.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Domestic Animals: Why Dogs Are Better Than Cats Essay

Different people have their own preferences and different reasons on whether to have pets such as dogs or cats. First, there are not many games that can be played with cats. Many cats enjoy playing with string toys and small cat ball toys in the same way that people do. One can decide to play alone as well as with others (Menchetti et al., 2020). Dogs love to play and often become interactive games that one play with them. If the dog is on good terms with other dogs, one can even arrange a “play date” for another puppy. However, always ensure that both dogs are healthy and close. This paper therefore discusses some of the reasons why dogs are superior to cats.

Most cats are generally sensitive to their environment and do not like changes. Many dogs are more tolerant of change, especially if their owners pretend, they pay little or no attention. In general, introducing a new person, pet, or item to one’s place or relocating to a new home requires more time for the cat to get used to the new environment (Stregowski, 2021). Most owners do not automatically believe that everything is fine. Most of the dogs are modeled after their owners. If the dog is calm and gathering when new babies come through the door, so should the cat. Of course, there are some that refuse to accept strangers.

Dogs are more active than cats, which is one of the reasons they are so popular. Dogs can be taught actions, manners, tricks, and commands. This can be done for safety and protection, simple pleasure, as well as obedience. According to Albuquerque & Soares (2019), dogs love training as they have a mission, and they love to be part of a pack. Cats can be educated, but when they are bored, they can knock their treats out of their hands and run away. In addition, dogs protect people’s home from thieves and strangers, while cats do not. They are shy and tend to run away when strangers visit. Even the smallest dogs with their loud barking are enough to lure some burglars into intruding other people’s homes (Large, 2018). Many dogs can even wake someone up when there is a fire outbreak, which cats cannot.

Dogs are lifelong companions; they will want to be with someone until their last day. Some of the bonds with dogs are beautiful; they are friends you can have for a very long time. A person who listens to the other, hugs them and remains loyal to them throughout their life (Albuquerque & Soares, 2019). Moreover, a dog is a very affectionate pet, unlike a cat. A dog will lie or sit next to its owner while doing other things. It is thrilled to see them because it gets excited when the owner comes home, even if the owner was away for 20 minutes (Menchetti et al., 2020). This kind of affection is not as strong as a cats usually show, as they would not care if someone is away the whole day.

Lastly, it is essential to take one’s dog for a walk to do its daily work and exercise. But one may not know that caring for their dog helps to take care of oneself. According to one study, older dog owners travel nearly a mile each day (Amanda-h, 2018). This can be more than being forced to walk unmotivated by their beloved pet. Of course, if they take their dog a little under the block, they will be more active if they have a dog. Throwing a ball or Frisbee, or playing in the yard with a dog, necessitates more exercise than simply hitting a string ball.

Albuquerque, N. S. de, & Soares, G. M. (2019). Epidemiology of domestic cat behavioral problems in the city of Porto Alegre/Brazil: A survey of small animal veterinary practitioners. Ciência Rural , 49 (10). Web.

Amanda-h. (2018). Indisputable reasons why dogs are better than cats . showbiz cheat sheet; showbiz cheat sheet. Web.

Menchetti, L., Calipari, S., Mariti, C., Gazzano, A., & Diverio, S. (2020). Cats and dogs: Best friends or deadly enemies? What the owners of cats and dogs living in the same household think about their relationship with people and other pets. PLOS ONE , 15 (8), e0237822. Web.

Stregowski, J. (2021). 10 reasons dogs are better than cats . The Spruce Pets; TheSprucePets. Web.

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1. IvyPanda . "Domestic Animals: Why Dogs Are Better Than Cats." August 17, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/domestic-animals-why-dogs-are-better-than-cats/.

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The Vital Role of Domestic Animals: Nurturing Human Civilization

Domestic animals have been an integral part of human civilization for millennia, serving multifaceted roles that extend beyond mere companionship. From the loyal dog by our side to the diligent oxen tilling our fields, domestic animals have played crucial roles in shaping human societies and have significantly contributed to our well-being. This essay explores the importance of domestic animals in various aspects of human life, including companionship, agriculture, economy, and emotional well-being.

Companionship and Emotional Support: One of the most evident and cherished roles of domestic animals is their companionship and provision of emotional support to humans. From the ancient times when dogs were first domesticated to modern-day therapy animals, the bond between humans and animals has been profound. Pets, such as dogs, cats, and even smaller animals like rabbits and guinea pigs, provide unconditional love, companionship, and emotional solace to their human counterparts. Studies have shown that interacting with pets can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, while also promoting physical well-being through activities like walking and playing.

Agricultural Contributions: Domestic animals have been indispensable in agricultural activities since the dawn of agriculture itself. Animals like cattle, horses, and water buffalo have been used for plowing fields, transporting goods, and providing essential labor in farming. Without domesticated animals, the agricultural revolution that transformed human societies and enabled the development of settled civilizations would not have been possible. Even today, in many parts of the world, particularly in rural areas, animals continue to play a vital role in sustaining agricultural livelihoods.

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Essay on Animals: Samples in 100, 200 and 300 Words

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• Dec 27, 2023

Animals are an important part of the natural world. Their existence in our environment is as important as ours. Some of the common animals that we see regularly are dogs, cats, cows, birds, etc. From small insects to blue whales, there are millions of species of animals in our environment, each having their habitat and way of living. Some animals live in seas, while others on land. Our natural environment is so diverse that there are more than 7 million species of animals currently living. Today, we will provide you with some essay on animals. Stay tuned!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Animals in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Animals in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Animals in 300 Words

Also Read: Essay on New Education Policy in 500 Words

Essay on Animals in 100 Words

Animals are part of our natural world. Most of the animal specials are related to humans in direct or indirect ways. In agricultural and dairy production, animals play an important role. Our food, such as eggs, milk, chicken, beef, mutton, fish, etc. all come from animals. Animals are generally of two types; domestic and wild. 

Domestic animals are those that we can keep at our homes or use their physical strength for activities like agriculture, farming, etc. Wild animals live in forests, where they have different ways of survival. There is an interdependence between humans and animals. Without animals, our existence would be impossible. Therefore, saving animals is as important as saving ourselves.

Also Read: Essay on Cow: 100 to 500 Words

Essay on Animals in 200 Words

Animals play a major role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. They contribute to our biodiversity by enriching the environment with their diverse species. Animals range from microscopic organisms to majestic mammals with their unique place in the intricate web of life.

Animals provide essential ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control, which are vital for the survival of many plant species. Animals contribute to nutrient cycling and help in maintaining the health of ecosystems. Animals have an interdependency on each other which creates a delicate equilibrium. Our activities often disturb his balance, which affects the entire ecosystem.

There are a lot of animals that we can domesticate, such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, etc. These animals bring joy and companionship to our lives. We also domesticate milch animals, such as cows, goats, camels, etc. for services like milk or agricultural activities. Wild animals living in forests contribute to our cultural and aesthetic aspects, inspiring art, literature, and folklore.

In recent years, animal species have faced threats due to habitat destruction, climate change, and human activities. Conservation efforts are crucial to protecting endangered species and preserving the diversity of life on Earth.

Animals are integral to the health of our planet and contribute to the overall well-being of human societies. It is our responsibility to appreciate, respect, and conserve the rich tapestry of animal life for the benefit of present and future generations.

Essay on Animals in 300 Words

Scientific studies say there are 4 types of animals; mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. All these types of animals are important in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. From the smallest insects to the largest mammals, each species has a unique role to play in the web of life.

One of the fundamental roles of animals is in ecosystem services. Bees and butterflies, for example, are crucial pollinators for many plants, including crops that humans rely on for food. Birds and mammals contribute to seed dispersal, facilitating the growth of various plant species. Predators help control the population of prey animals, preventing overgrazing and maintaining the health of ecosystems.

Beyond their ecological contributions, animals also have immense cultural significance. Throughout history, animals have been revered and represented in art, mythology, and religious beliefs. They symbolize traits such as strength, agility, wisdom, and loyalty, becoming integral to human culture. Domesticated animals, such as dogs and cats, have been companions to humans for thousands of years, providing emotional support and companionship.

However, the impact of human activities on animals is a growing concern. Habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and poaching pose significant threats to many species. Conservation efforts are crucial to safeguarding biodiversity and ensuring the survival of endangered animals.

Moreover, the well-being of animals is closely linked to human welfare.  Livestock and poultry contribute to the global food supply, and advancements in medical research often rely on animal models. Ethical considerations surrounding animal welfare are increasingly important, leading to discussions on responsible and humane treatment.

Animals are essential components of our planet’s ecosystems and contribute significantly to human culture and well-being. Balancing our interactions with animals through conservation, ethical treatment, and sustainable practices is imperative to ensure a harmonious coexistence and preserve the diversity of life on Earth.

Tree: trimmed. ✔ Goats are skilled climbers who don't limit their search for food to the ground. #goat #greatestholidayofalltime #Morocco pic.twitter.com/eQrwHPWSPr — Animal Planet (@AnimalPlanet) December 19, 2023

Ans: Animals are an important part of our natural environment. Humans and animals depend on each other for their survival. We humans depend on animals for food, agricultural activities, etc. Domestic animals are those that we can keep at our homes or use their physical strength for activities like agriculture, farming, etc. Wild animals live in forests, where they have different ways of survival. There is an interdependence between humans and animals. Without animals, our existence would be impossible. Therefore, saving animals is as important as saving ourselves.

Ans: Some of the domesticated animals are dogs, cats, cows, goats, camels, etc.

Ans: Mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

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Animal domestication: from distant past to current development and issues

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Thomas Cucchi, Benjamin Arbuckle, Animal domestication: from distant past to current development and issues, Animal Frontiers , Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2021, Pages 6–9, https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab013

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Domestic animals have played an important role in shaping human Evolution and History. After millennia of constructing niches based on hunting, gathering, and foraging, a range of communities in diverse parts of the world embarked on trajectories of food production which in some instances led to the emergence of complex societies, urbanism, and empires, sowing the seeds for our current globalization. Thanks to intensive zooarcheology and genomics research, it is now common knowledge that, apart from dog domestication within hunter–gatherers societies around 23,000 years Before Present (BP) terminus post quem ( Perri et al., 2021 ), the domestication of globally important livestock animals occurred within sedentary communities engaged in early agriculture in three independent cradles. The oldest of these is located in Southwest Asia where cereals (wheat, barley), legumes (pulse, peas, lentils), and fruits (figs) were domesticated between 12,000 and 10,000 BP, followed by sheep, goat, pigs, and cattle between 10,500 and 10,000 BP ( Colledge et al., 2013 ). The second cradle is located in China where domesticated millets and rice were cultivated in the Yellow and Yangtze River valleys by 10,000 BP. This was followed relatively rapidly by pig domestication in the Yellow River valley ( Jing and Flad, 2002 ; Cucchi et al., 2016 ). The last major center of ungulate domestication is located in the Andes, where agriculture based on imported maize and locally domesticated potato, beans, and squashes emerged between 9000 and 8000 BP along with South American camelids, llamas and alpacas, later followed by Barba’s duck and the guinea pig around 4000 BP ( Pearsall, 2008 ; Hardigan et al., 2017 ). North America, also contributed to global animal domestication with the turkey by 2000 BP ( Speller et al., 2010 ). In the Old World, a later series of animal domestications focused on the use of animal labor, with the domestic forms of donkey, horse, and camel emerging between 5000 and 2000 BP ( Clutton-Brock, 2014 ). These animals revolutionized human economies and transportation, boosting the power of states, empires and the scale of warfare. Domestic animals have continued to emerge in recent times, including the rabbit in medieval Western Europe, rodents (including rats and hamsters) in the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as the fast-growing field of fish domestication in the 21st century.

Searching for the origin of food production through plant and animal domestication has been a central preoccupation of prehistorians since the mid-20th century ( Boyd, 2017 ), with narratives focusing on themes of technological progress, intentionality and human mastery over their environment ( Childe, 1946 ). These perspectives are firmly anchored in a western anthropocentrism characterized by a strong nature/culture dualism and are still strongly embedded in the archeological literature ( Hodder, 1990 ). However, since the 1980s, anthropologists have emphasized perspectives beyond western ontologies ( Descola, 2005 ) providing ethnographic examples in which distinctions between wild and domestic, culture and nature are minor or even nonexistent ( Ingold, 1996 ). The field of zooarcheology has therefore moved away from earlier narratives emphasizing animal domestication as human domination over nonhuman animals toward a focus on the ecological, cultural, and coevolutionary relationships that have always existed between humans and nonhumans and their intensification and elaboration in the contexts of early farming societies ( Vigne, 2015 ).

Zooarcheology has struggled to find an approach that can take into account the vast range of human–nonhuman interaction and the biological and social components encompassed by the concept of domestication ( Russell, 2002 ). From the biological side, some scholars have focused on domestication as an evolutionary process, drawing inspiration from the work of Darwin (1868) . This perspective focuses on the role of intentional human selection in driving the evolution of domestic animals ( Clutton-Brock, 1994 ) or on the consequences (both intentional and unintentional) of human niche construction ( Zeder, 2016 ). The biological side can also focus on the mutualistic/symbiotic relationships between humans and nonhuman animals ( Zeuner, 1963 ; O’Connor, 1997 ), emphasizing the active role of nonhuman animals in these relationships ( Orton, 2010 ). From a social perspective, scholars emphasize the continuum of relationships between human and nonhuman animals by rejecting a simple wild/domestic dichotomy and focusing instead on the role of human intentionality in bringing animals into the cultural sphere where they become incorporated into the human social world ( Jarman et al., 1976 ; Hecker, 1982 ). Recently, Zeder (2012) has used the concept of domestication pathways as a synthesis of biological and social components of domestication. In this comprehensive approach, evolutionary process, mutualism, and human intentionality are mobilized to propose three pathways for animal domestication: the commensal pathway, the predation pathway, and the directed pathway. This model has provided a useful framework to explore the domestication process in archeology. More recently, the powerful conceptual framework of Niche Construction Theory has been mobilized to further bridge the social and biological views on animal domestication and provide new insights into the coevolution of human and nonhuman societies ( Zeder, 2016 ). To merge social with biological views and tackle the full complexity of animal domestication, a systemic socioecological approach of the interaction dynamics between of human and nonhuman societies has also been proposed ( Vigne, 2015 ).

In addition to the theoretical framing of domestication, the when and why of early animal domestication continues to be debated. Dating the beginning of animal and plant domestication relies on the recognition of observable modifications of the morphologies of seeds and animal bones from archeological sites, testifying to the occurrence of plants and animals already transformed by an ongoing domestication process. But long before this “proper” domestication, we find that by 12,000 BP, in Southwest Asia, evidence that human populations were modifying the landscape to facilitate the growth of local wild plants by tilling and tending cultivated fields, several thousand years before clear evidence of morphological changes were found in the archeological record ( Hillman et al., 2000 ). This form of management predating morphological changes is sometimes referred to as “pre-domestic cultivation” and emphasizes that genetic changes in target populations must predate their first appearance in the archeological record ( Willcox, 2012 ). Such management of the landscape has been a key component of the economies of the people of the Amazonian floodplain, creating an anthropogenic forest and waterscape to secure plant and animal resources ( Clement et al., 2015 ). For animals, hunters have long been interfering with their environment to facilitate and sustain their access to valuable animal resources (both alimentary and symbolic) by selectively hunting and fishing, managing streams to promote spawning, transplanting animals to populate islands devoid of game, and raising juveniles. In light of these practices, it is clear that close relationships including management and cohabitation between humans and animals began long before the appearance of “domestic” forms and should be explored in the broader scope of the domestication of the environment ( Scott, 2017 ). The efficient cognitive apprehension by hunters societies of their environment ( Lévi-Strauss, 1962 ) suggest that animal domestication was not a cognitive revolution but rather a response by some assemblages of human–animal pairings to socioecological conditions conducive to intensification. The example of dog domestication, which has been dated through ancient genomics to the late Pleistocene, proves that this intensification could happen in a wide range of socioeconomic conditions not limited to sedentary farming.

Since the Neolithic (referred to by some as the start of the Anthropocene), animal domestication represents a major shift in the influence of humanity over their life on earth and ultimately over humanity’s future. One of the key components of the “sixth extinction” of animal species which we are facing is the tremendous biomass reached by domestic animals ( Barnosky, 2008 ). The impact of domestic animals on current ecosystems and their massive consumption of resources is more obvious when we consider that two thirds of the terrestrial vertebrate biomass on earth is made of domestic animals; humans representing the other third while wild animals only represent 3% to 5% of this terrestrial biomass, demonstrating how humans and livestock have dramatically transformed the biosphere since the advent of animal and plant domestication ( Smil, 2003 ). Virtually all extant megafaunal species are currently under threat and if, as seems likely, they go extinct, the largest terrestrial mammal in the coming centuries will be cattle ( Smith et al., 2018 ). Along with the global presence of herding animals, since the 19th century the number of new small animals kept as pets and incorporated into global supply chains represents a huge threat for the biodiversity and human health. These new pets include newly domesticated mammals (e.g., golden hamster, chinchilla) and birds (budgerigar, parakeet) as well as species of wild mammals, fishes, reptiles, arthropods, and birds which are directly collected from their natural habitat to feed an exponentially growing global pet market. These species can be vectors of zoonosis but can also be potentially invasive, threatening autochthonous wildlife in addition to the ecological damage brought by the trapping and catching of popular (especially tropical) species. The future of animal domestication is now facing a huge challenge ahead. The human population is projected to reach 10 billion in 2050 according to OECD. The ever-growing desire for animal protein also fostered by globalization and the spread of affluent consumer economies will not be met by the current unsustainable agroeconomic model ( Smil, 2001 ). Fish and insect domestication could be a part of the solution, although the challenges are numerous.

Included in this issue of Animal Frontiers are eight review and two perspective articles showcasing the long-lasting history of animal domestication, the challenging task to document its origin in the archeological record and its latest development to face the challenge of food production. The first review takes us to Brazil, where Gabriela Prestes Carneiro from UFOPA in Brazil and colleagues from UFPA and from the Natural Museum of Paris in France, propose a concept of “Waterscape domestication” to capture the management and husbandry of aquatic animals by forest people and the time depth of these practices in the Amazonian floodplain ( Prestes-Carneiro et al., 2021 ). The next four reviews provide the latest understanding on the origin of five emblematic domestic animals. Dr Benjamin Arbuckle and Theo Kassebaum from the University of North Carolina propose a rethinking of the origins of cattle management in Southwest Asia, hypothesizing that intensification in human–cattle relationships may have occurred within many early farming communities of the Fertile Crescent, long before domestic forms of cattle are evident in the archeological record ( Arbuckle and Kassebaum, 2021 ). Dr Daniel Fuks from the University of Cambridge and Dr Nimrod Marom from the University of Haifa explore the long-term relationship between humans, sheep, and wheat which has its origins in Southwest Asia but which, they argue, is reflective of a long process of globalization ( Fuks and Marom, 2021 ). Dr Hitomi Hongo and Hiroki Kikuchi from Tokyo University and Hiroo Nasu of Okayama University describe divergent pathways of early pig management in the Yellow River and Yangtze valleys in China, linking processes of pig management to local environmental conditions as well as agricultural systems based on millet in the north and rice in the south ( Hongo and Kikuchi, 2021 ). Dr Hugo Yacobaccio from the University of Buenos Aires provides a review of the archeological evidence for the still elusive South American camelid domestication process ( Yacobaccio, 2021 ). Finally, Dr Masaki Eda from the Hokkaido University in Japan tracks the genomic and archeological evidence of chicken domestication in Southeast Asia ( Eda, 2021 ). The next two reviews provide an insight into the many trajectories and complexity of potential pathways toward animal domestication. Dr Andrew Somerville from Iowa State University and Dr Nawa Sugiyama from the University of California, Riverside provide an example of a discontinuous domestication relationship. Focusing on cottontail rabbits in the Americas, the authors describe clear evidence for intensive rabbit management at the ancient city of Teotihuacan but propose behavioral barriers inherent to the species as well as cultural factors to explain the ultimate failure to produce a long-term domestic leporid population ( Sommerville and Sugiyama, 2021 ). Dr Ardern Hulme-Beaman from Liverpool University and colleagues from York University and the Natural History Museum of Paris provide new insights into the poorly understood history of the brown rat, proposing different steps in the domestication trajectory of this rodent, from a commensal species in Neolithic China to a laboratory model animal and a popular new pet ( Hulme-Beaman et al., 2021 ). This special issue finishes with two perspectives on the ongoing process of animal domestication to face the challenges of feeding the 21st century human population with animal protein in a sustainable way. Dr Fabrice Teletchea from the University of Lorraine in France provides the latest understanding of the fast-growing process of fish domestication and proposes the application of a directed domestication pathway on local fish species to avoid future failure and foster sustainability ( Teletchea, 2021 ). Finally, Dr Thomas Lecoq and Dr Lola Toomey from the University of Lorraine in France propose a program workflow built on the accumulated knowledge of animal domestication to develop the future of insect domestication ( Lecoq and Toomey, 2021 ). Together, the papers in this volume provide a picture of the past, present, and future of animal domestication and emphasize the immense impact of this phenomenon on both human history and global ecology.

About the Authors

Thomas Cucchi received its PhD from the Natural History Museum of Paris in 2005. He is a zooarcheologist whose research focuses on the origins, spread, and evolution of anthropogenic species over the last 15,000 years. Using an integrated approach associating zooarcheological studies with the latest development in morphometric and molecular studies, he has published on animal domestication, commensalism, and dispersal in South Western Asia, China, Island South East Asia, and Europe. He is currently working on new methodological approaches of early process of animal domestication in archeology, using functional plasticity in bone morphology and epigenetic markers.

Benjamin Arbuckle received his PhD from the Department of Anthropology at Harvard University in 2006. He is an archeologist whose research focuses on the prehistory of Southwest Asia and the intersection and human and nonhuman animals in human history. He has published on the early domestication of livestock in the Neolithic of SW Asia as well as the rise of pastoral lifeways in later periods. He is currently working on projects exploring the history of horse hunting and husbandry in ancient Turkey as well as on the history of wool.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Arbuckle , B. , and T. Kassebaum . 2021 . Management and domestication of cattle ( Bos taurus ) in Neolithic SW Asia . Anim. Front . 11 ( 3 ):10-19.

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Short & Long Essay on Animals in 100, 150, 200, and 500 Words

Essay on animals.

Short & Long Essay on Animals has been written in simple English and easy words for children and students. This English Essay on Animals mentions animals, how many types of animals are there, and why they are special for us. Students are often asked to write essay on animals in their schools and colleges. And if you are also searching for the same, then we have given essay on animals in 100 – words, 150 – words, 200 – words, and 500 – words.

Short & Long Essay on Animals

Essay – 100 words.

Animals are the most precious living things created by God on earth. As long as humans remain on this earth, animals will also exist. There are various species of animals on earth, the first of which are mammals like lions, cows, goats, bears, etc. There are other reptiles that lay eggs such as crocodiles, lizards, snakes and turtles. The third species are amphibians which breathe through the skin, they live both on land and in water, like frogs, toads, salamanders etc.

Some animals live in forests and are considered dangerous, those who like to eat meat, and hunt each other, like lions, tigers, foxes, etc. Whereas some animals of the forest like to eat grass and leaves like deer, giraffe, elephant, etc.

Essay – 150 Words

Animals work to maintain balance in the environment. Some of those animals live in the forest while some animals are domesticated which is beneficial for humans and is the main source of milk, meat, and poultry. There are many animals that have been created to help control the population of other animals, for example, lions, tigers, panthers, etc.

Due to the increasing population, people today are cutting forests to expand buildings and factories, due to which wild animals are losing their homes and are on the verge of extinction.

Poaching threatens the existence of animals and kills them for fashion products like their fur and leather. In addition, animals are also used by doctors and scientists in research laboratories for testing products and drugs.

From time to time, the government and other organizations take many important steps to protect the forests and the animals living there.

Essay – 200 Words

Earth is home not only to humans but also to many animals. Since ancient times, animals have acted as friends and enemies of humans. Humans used animals for farming, transportation, and protection as well as for hunting.

There are various types of species of animals present on the earth whose presence is in all corners of the world. Mammals are vertebrates and warm-blooded. Mammals include carnivores, rodents, bears etc. Amphibians live mainly in moist environments because they breathe through thin skin, such as frogs, salamanders, toads caecilians, etc. Reptile animals include lizards, turtles snakes, etc.

These animals not only inhabit but are an essential part of our ecosystem which helps in maintaining balance on the earth. However, many of these animals are facing the threat of extinction due to poaching and deforestation.

wild animals like lion, tiger, bear etc. keep the animal population under control and animals which eat plants help the environment in controlling the growth of plants. Animals also provide us with the food we need to survive, for example poultry, dairy and meat, etc. Animals are one of the oldest companions of humans.

Essay – 500 Words

Introduction

The presence of animals is essential on Earth, they help maintain balance in the ecosystem. Since ancient times, some animals have also been serving as our companions and helping us in our hard work, reducing stress, anxiety, and loneliness. Every animal, whether wild or domesticated, has an important place in the food chain that contributes to the survival of life on this planet. Today we will take a look at the types and importance of these animals through animal essay.

There are many types of animals on earth but we can mainly divide them into two types in simple words:- First is domestic animals and second is wild animals.

Domestic Animals

Many tasks can be done by taming domestic animals. Humans also keep them as pets and raise them for food, milk, and eggs. There are different varieties of domestic animals.

Horses, cows, buffalo, chickens and goats are the most common domesticated animals commonly found in many households. Cow, buffalo, goat are reared mainly for milk while bull, buffalo are used in farming for plowing the land. Sheep are reared to obtain wool which is used in making warm clothes.

Dogs and cats are the most popular domestic animals in the world. Dogs are considered to be man’s loyal companions as they protect us and our homes and property from thieves while cats entertain us and keep our homes free from rats and rodents. Furthermore, pigeons, rabbits, and parrots are other types of domestic animals and birds that make us feel happy.

Wild Animals

Wild animals mainly live in the forest and these animals cannot be domesticated. These animals mainly include lion, elephant, tiger, deer, bear etc. These are very important in balancing the environment and provide stability to various natural processes of nature.

These animals help maintain nature’s ecosystems and food chains. We get useful substances and medicines from some animals. Leather, honey, teeth, etc. are obtained from wild animals.

Importance of Animals

Animals are important to the environment and our lives. They serve as our companions and workers and even provide us with laid eggs and food. They are helpful in maintaining a better-balanced ecosystem.

Additionally, humans have been using animals for transportation since ancient times. Oxen, horses, camels, and donkeys have long been used to pull carts, with the animals still being used for transportation in the modern era in some countries.

Domesticated animals like dogs, cats, etc. have served as faithful companions of humans for centuries. Also, humans have been rearing these animals for food and employment.

Conclusion :

Thus, all animals play an important role in our earth and human life. Therefore, it is our duty to protect all these animals for a better future. Otherwise, human beings will become helpless without the help of these animals.

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Animal Essay

500 Words Essay on Animal

Animals carry a lot of importance in our lives. They offer humans with food and many other things. For instance, we consume meat, eggs, dairy products. Further, we use animals as a pet too. They are of great help to handicaps. Thus, through the animal essay, we will take a look at these creatures and their importance.

Types of Animals

First of all, all kinds of living organisms which are eukaryotes and compose of numerous cells and can sexually reproduce are known as animals. All animals have a unique role to play in maintaining the balance of nature.

A lot of animal species exist in both, land and water. As a result, each of them has a purpose for their existence. The animals divide into specific groups in biology. Amphibians are those which can live on both, land and water.

Reptiles are cold-blooded animals which have scales on their body. Further, mammals are ones which give birth to their offspring in the womb and have mammary glands. Birds are animals whose forelimbs evolve into wings and their body is covered with feather.

They lay eggs to give birth. Fishes have fins and not limbs. They breathe through gills in water. Further, insects are mostly six-legged or more. Thus, these are the kinds of animals present on earth.

Importance of Animals

Animals play an essential role in human life and planet earth. Ever since an early time, humans have been using animals for their benefit. Earlier, they came in use for transportation purposes.

Further, they also come in use for food, hunting and protection. Humans use oxen for farming. Animals also come in use as companions to humans. For instance, dogs come in use to guide the physically challenged people as well as old people.

In research laboratories, animals come in use for drug testing. Rats and rabbits are mostly tested upon. These researches are useful in predicting any future diseases outbreaks. Thus, we can protect us from possible harm.

Astronomers also use animals to do their research. They also come in use for other purposes. Animals have use in various sports like racing, polo and more. In addition, they also have use in other fields.

They also come in use in recreational activities. For instance, there are circuses and then people also come door to door to display the tricks by animals to entertain children. Further, they also come in use for police forces like detection dogs.

Similarly, we also ride on them for a joyride. Horses, elephants, camels and more come in use for this purpose. Thus, they have a lot of importance in our lives.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Animal Essay

Thus, animals play an important role on our planet earth and in human lives. Therefore, it is our duty as humans to protect animals for a better future. Otherwise, the human race will not be able to survive without the help of the other animals.

FAQ on Animal Essay

Question 1: Why are animals are important?

Answer 1: All animals play an important role in the ecosystem. Some of them help to bring out the nutrients from the cycle whereas the others help in decomposition, carbon, and nitrogen cycle. In other words, all kinds of animals, insects, and even microorganisms play a role in the ecosystem.

Question 2: How can we protect animals?

Answer 2: We can protect animals by adopting them. Further, one can also volunteer if one does not have the means to help. Moreover, donating to wildlife reserves can help. Most importantly, we must start buying responsibly to avoid companies which harm animals to make their products.

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Animal Domestication Essay Examples

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Animals , People , Wild Animals , Geographic , Geography , Nation , Domestication , Process

Published: 05/23/2023

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Domestication is a process that started in the past. People decided to tame wild animals for their own purposes. National Geographic claims that this process has started back in Mesopotamia (National Geographic Web). People were likely to domesticate animals that were not eating meat. One of the first animals that was domesticated happened to be a goat. It was chosen for its milk and fur. Animals were supposed to serve some domestic purpose in order to become domesticated. One of the main differences between wild and domestic animals is that wild animals are capable of living and surviving on their own and they do not need a human to help them. At the same time, domestic animals cannot survive on their own. There are some people who wonder why tigers or other big cats are not domesticated. First of all, there is no need to turn them into pets. Also, it is important to remember that domestication process itself has started centuries ago and it took some time. There are a lot of steps that humans need to go through in order to domesticate wild animals. Moreover, back in the day, people had a need to have certain animals at their homes. While today people do not have any purpose for tigers at their houses yet. There are many social reasons why we should let wild animals stay in their natural habitat. First of all, these animals are not used to living around humans. People do not know their diets. Also, they are not aware how to deal with their aggressive behaviors when they become older. Often, wild animals try to escape their human “homes” and it may cause a lot of damage for people who were not willing to have wild animals around them. Therefore, there should be a balance to everything in this world. Humans should not see animals as an entertainment and take these issues seriously.

Works Cited

Society, National Geographic. "Domestication." National Geographic Society. N.p., 09 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Jan. 2017.

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