do vs md personal statement

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Ask Dr. Gray Premed Q&A: MD vs DO Applications?

The AMCAS and AACOMAS are slightly different application services. Do you need to tailor your personal statement to each of them?

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[00:11] Writing Personal Statement for MD vs DO Applications

Question: How would you recommend an applicant write their extracurriculars or personal statement that caters specifically to MD vs DO schools?

Answer: AMCAS and AACOMAS are two different application services. If you want to go to an osteopathic medical school or you want to go to an allopathic medical school, my recommendation as always is to just apply to both. At the end of the day, you’re going to be a physician either way.

[00:52] Writing Extracurriculars

With that said, the applications are a little bit different. For the MD application for allopathic medical schools through AMCAS, you have to write 15 extracurriculars, 700 characters. Each three of those 15 you can mark as most meaningful and you get an extra 1,325 characters as a separate essay.

The DO application does not have that most meaningful designation for the extracurriculars. So that’s one difference. 

Another difference with AACOMAS for DO application is that the descriptions for the extracurriculars are only 600 characters. You have a hundred character count difference between the two. 

Some students will write 600 characters for AACOMAS and then just use that on AMCAS. You can do that. I don’t recommend it because a hundred characters you can get a lot out in.

I would write the 700 and then figure out how to crunch it down into 600 for AACOMAS.

More importantly, don’t write job descriptions for your extracurriculars. The person who’s reading those applications knows what a scribe does. They know what an EMT does, they know what a researcher does.

Tell stories. Show how that extracurricular impacted you on your journey to becoming a medical student.

[02:21] Writing Personal Statements

For personal statement, where the biggest question comes up with a DO vs MD application (AMCAS vsAACOMAS) is, number one, character count. We have an 800 character count difference, which is a huge difference.

For AACOMAS, you only get 4,500 characters and for AMCAS, you get 5,300. 

Do not write 4,500 characters and use that for AMCAS. Do not do that.

800 characters is a huge story that you’re able to tell.  And for a person reading that application, it’s very easy to see that, that you “cheated” because you used one over the other.

Now students will ask, do I need to write a different personal statement? 

This is something that I’ve written on The Premed Playbook: Guide to the Medical School Personal Statement .

A lot of students will “force” in the conversation of osteopathic medicine (AACOMAS) too. So if you’re applying to DO medical schools, students will try to force this into the conversation and say, “This was when I was exposed and knew I wanted to be an osteopathic physician.”

The goal of the personal statement is to talk about why you want to be a physician. That’s the same across all three applications, MD, DO, and Texas. It’s the same across all. Why do you want to be a physician?

If you have specific experiences shadowing an osteopathic physician being treated by an osteopathic physician, great.

If you have very specific experience and you can tell the story and then highlights why you are interested in osteopathic medicine because of that experience, great. Go right ahead and talk about it.

Other than that, there’s no real specific reason to force in “osteopathic medicine” into the osteopathic medical school application. 

There’s no specific reason to highlight why you want to be an osteopathic physician above a regular physician. Schools know that you’re applying to both. And so it’s, it’s feigned when you try to force in the osteopathic side of things.

And this is really the same thing with extracurriculars when you do the 5,300 character one and then squeeze out 800 characters to make it fit for the AACOMAS application at 4,500 characters.

And when you need to squeeze out, do it line by line, sentence by sentence. Is this sentence adding to my story or is it just extra description, extra fluff, extra storytelling that doesn’t really add to it? If I cut it out, does the story still flow properly?

Just go line by line. 800 characters you can cut out pretty quickly. Most students don’t have a problem cutting out. They go sentence by sentence. Is this really needed, is it not?

[06:43] General Tips for Writing Secondaries

Secondaries are very easy and not something premed should worry about. Whenever I go over student’s secondaries, for the most part, they are good to go on the first pass. There’s some grammar things, maybe a little bit of a story change.

But the biggest piece of feedback when I do those secondaries is you didn’t answer the question.

• Answer the question. Don’t try to get too fancy, tell a story to highlight whatever you’re trying to answer. Stories always work the best, but answer the question and start early.
• Pre-write your secondaries. It’s not a personal statement, but it’s not something you’re going to need 10 rounds of edits on secondary essays. Usually, you write it one quick pass with someone who can read it and make sure you’re answering the question. If you need that or you can just reread it yourself, make sure you’re answering the question. Make sure grammar is good and then get it off.
• Be as specific as possible. When answering the question why you want to attend to that specific school, be as specific as possible. Do your homework. Research the school and research the programs.

Obviously, medical schools are all going to be very similar. They’re all going to teach you what you want to learn. They’re all gonna make you a physician at the end of the day.

Highlight as best you can, different programs that they have, different initiatives that they have.

For instance, you may be part of the LGBT community and they have a big push for LGBT highlight that they may have a big PR push for inner city underserved populations. And that’s something that hits home to you because that’s the kind of community that you grew up in. Highlight that.

This is a great exercise because you need to be prepared to talk about it in your interviews too. So it’s something that you should be very prepared to talk about.

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How to Turn Your AMCAS (MD) Personal Statement into Your AACOMAS (DO) Personal Statement

DO schools represent a great opportunity for many medical school applicants.  However, many students find themselves applying to both MD and DO programs with most students focusing on the AMCAS portion.  So when time gets around to it, the question gets asked “should I submit the same personal statement?”

The answer is: NO .  But the good news is, it doesn’t have to be a completely new statement. AMCAS and AACOMAS used to make life difficult for applicants by having different character limits.  Fortunately, as of 2019 AACOMAS has increased the personal statement character limit to 5300 to match AMCAS, kissing the days of stress-deleting sentences goodbye.  So, how do you make sure your AACOMAS personal statement is as great as your AMCAS one?  

STEP 1: CONNECT THE EXPERIENCES INCLUDED IN YOUR PERSONAL STATEMENT TO OSTEOPATHY

If you’re applying to DO schools, you should know a little bit about osteopathic medicine. A brief review of some of the tenants of osteopathic medicine:

• Holistic care – the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit.  As such, there is a larger focus on treating the whole person beyond just physical ailments including mental, spiritual, and emotional health.
• Self-healing and self-regulation – osteopathy places large emphasis in the body’s capability to self-regulate.
• Relationship between structure and function – manipulation is crucial to osteopathic medicine.  DOs use manipulative treatment and manipulative medicine to attempt to correct health issues.
• Prevention – a focus on preventative care to eliminate illness and procedures in the future is also a major focus.

If most of your takeaways were about how much cutting edge surgery means to you or how you plan on opening up the largest research lab in the northern hemisphere, those might need to be re-adjusted to include some of the principles core to becoming a DO physician.  The point is, these experiences and the stories your telling should be able to tie into philosophies above.

STEP 2: ADJUST YOUR REFLECTIONS IN YOUR CURRENT AMCAS PARAGRAPHS

Ideally, you will just be tweaking some sentences and reflections to make them more specific to DO philosophy rather than re-writing entire paragraphs.  

For example, if part of your service experiences involved interacting with diverse underserved communities, you can draw on the themes of cultural competence as part of holistic care.  

The screening tests you performed to help diagnose early hypertension can be considered a tenant of preventative medicine.  

The physician you saw tending to a patients mental and spiritual health can tie into treating the body, mind, and spirit.

STEP 3: “WHY OSTEOPATHY?” VERSUS “WHY MEDICINE?”

The next piece of the transformation likely may necessitate adding a little bit of new material to ensure your answering the question of “why osteopathy”.  The AMCAS essay focuses on “why medicine”, and while you are going to be practicing medicine, it is important for AACOMAS to specifically address why osteopathic medicine.  You want the admissions committees to know why you want to become a DO, not to think you just copied and pasted your MD personal statement as a backup.  

Make sure to go through your essay and highlight the portions that address “why medicine” and transform them to “why osteopathy”.  This will be the most crucial part of the makeover.  

The biggest changes will likely be in your conclusion as this is usually where most fo the take-home lessons are. Spend a little extra time making sure that your conclusion answers “why DO?”

There you have it!  Now both your AACOMAS and AMCAS personal statements will be in tip-top shape.

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MD vs. DO: What’s The Difference + How To Choose

Posted in: Applying to Medical School

Table of Contents

When you apply to medical school, you may apply to both DO and MD schools. 

DO vs. MD : A DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) and an MD (Doctor of Medicine) approach treatment, education, and medical training differently. They also have different types of licensing exams.

In either program, you will be able to be fully licensed, qualified to practice medicine, and provide patient care. Allopathic and osteopathic programs simply differ in their schools of thought.

What is the difference between an MD and a DO?

The difference between an MDs and a DOs is their philosophical approach to patient care.

MDs practice allopathic medicine, the classical form of medicine focused on diagnosing and treating human diseases.

DOs follow a more holistic approach, viewing the body as an interconnected system and focusing on preventive care. They also receive additional training in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM), a hands-on treatment used to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury.

The main areas where these two programs differ include:

• Medical school applications
• Philosophy of practice
• Treatment approach
• Licensing exams
• Residency applications

MDs and DOs providers are both well-educated, trained healthcare professionals. They can prescribe medication, diagnose and treat illnesses, and perform surgery in the United States.

Med School Application Process Differences

When pre-meds apply to med school , prospective MD and DO students face similar requirements . They must have a bachelor’s degree and have completed specific prerequisite coursework. Both MD programs and osteopathic schools require the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) too.

However, average GPA and MCAT scores can vary between allopathic medical schools (MD programs) and osteopathic medical schools (DO programs). Typically, MD schools have higher average GPA and average MCAT requirements than DO schools .

Applying to medical school in the United States typically involves one of two primary application services:

• AMCAS (American Medical Colleges Application Service) for allopathic (MD) programs
• AACOMAS (American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service) for osteopathic (DO) programs

Please note: Medical students applying to schools in Texas will also need to use the Texas Medical & Dental Schools Application Services (TMDSAS).

Similarities Between DO vs. MD Applications

• Demographic information
• Transcripts
• Personal statement
• Work and activities section
• Letters of recommendation
• The AMCAS personal statement character limit and AACOMAS personal statement character limit are both the same, but some of the other sections have different character limits.

Use this quick guide to check character lengths:

Differences Between DO and MD Applications

• Course Classification : AMCAS is much more strict about what counts as a science course. AACOMAS will allow a much wider range of courses to be considered science courses, including classes like astronomy and geology. 
• GPA Classification : AMCAS and AACOMAS calculate the GPA slightly differently. AMCAS includes all attempted coursework in its GPA calculations, while AACOMAS only includes courses taken for credit.
• Fees : The fee for AMCAS is $175 (plus $45 for each additional school) and the fee for AACOMAS is $198 (plus $55 for each additional school).
• Application Timelines : AMCAS and AACOMAS operate on slightly different timelines . AMCAS usually opens in early May and can be submitted in late May or early June. AACOMAS, on the other hand, usually opens in early May and can be submitted immediately.

Remember, both systems require a considerable amount of time and effort to complete, so it’s essential to start preparing early to ensure a timely and successful application.

MD vs DO Training Programs

Both allopathic and osteopathic medical students spend their first years of med school on classroom and laboratory coursework in subjects like biochemistry, anatomy, and biomedical ethics . 

They then spend the final two years in clinical rotations across various medical specialties such as pediatrics, family medicine, and internal medicine.

One main difference in the training DOs receive is the special focus on the musculoskeletal system. In DO programs, over 200 hours of instruction in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) or osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) have to be completed. 

This unique approach equips osteopathic physicians with a more whole-body understanding of how an injury or illness in one part of the body can affect the rest. OMM/OMT have similarities to chiropractic adjustments, but they aren’t the same thing. 

USMLE vs. COMLEX Exams

To be a medical doctor, students of both programs will be assessed on their application of knowledge, concepts, and principles they’ve learned. They will also have to demonstrate their ability to provide effective patient care.

The licensure for MD and DO graduates differ. MD students take the United States Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ). This exam consists of 3 steps, with the third step taken after the first year of MD residency.

DO graduates are required to take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX). The COMLEX includes a section on OMM, reflecting the osteopathic emphasis on the musculoskeletal system and a whole-person approach to treatment.

Residency Similarities and Differences

Residency is a 3 to 7-year-long postgraduate training program that students take after getting their DO or MD degree. During this time, a resident had the opportunity to hone their skills for a particular specialty.

Both MD and DO graduates apply for residency programs through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), often referred to as “The Match.”

Both DOs and MDs can practice in any specialty, but due to the holistic nature of osteopathy, osteopathic doctors are more often seen in primary care specialties and medical practices. 

According to the AAMC’s most recent Physician Specialty Data Report, 32% of MDs practice in primary care fields (including family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics). The AOA reports 57% of DOs practice in primary care . 

Background: In 2020, the AOA and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) completed a 5-year transition to a single accreditation system for all U.S. residency programs. Before this time, DO graduates had the opportunity to to match for residency spots via NMRP or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Match.

This merger allows DO graduates to compete for the same residency spots as MD graduates, having one residency match, and further aligning the training paths of MDs and DOs.

We can help you match with the residency of your choice with comprehensive coaching.

How To Choose Between an MD and DO

Choosing whether an MD or DO path is right for you depends largely on your own personal philosophy about healthcare. 

Is a DO more prestigious than an MD? The prestige of an MD versus a DO is largely a matter of perspective. While some perceive the MD degree as more prestigious due to the longer history of allopathic medicine and its representation in specialized fields, both MDs and DOs are equally qualified to practice medicine in all 50 states.

Why choose a DO over an MD? If you align more with a holistic approach to medicine, a focus on preventive care, and a strong interest in the musculoskeletal system, a DO program might be a good fit for you.

If you’re drawn to a traditional approach to medicine that places a stronger emphasis on treating specific conditions and diseases, an MD program might be more suited to your interests.

What are the pros and cons of a DO vs MD?

The pros of a DO degree:

• A holistic approach that can lead to more personalized and comprehensive patient care.
• A preventive medicine focus that looks beyond the current ailment.
• The special training in OMT and the ability to perform hands-on therapeutic manipulations.

The cons of a DO degree:

• Less recognition and understanding by the general public when it comes to having DO instead of MD in your title. 
• Fewer research opportunities compared to allopathic programs.
• Residency placement bias when it comes to securing a competitive residency (this is beginning to change with the unified residency match).

The pros of an MD degree:

• Patients recognize the MD designation.
• MDs have historically been more likely to specialize in more competitive areas of medicine.
• Research opportunities are easy to find because of the size and resources MD programs have to offer.

The cons of an MD degree:

• Less emphasis on preventive medicine.
• More competitive to get accepted into an MD program.  

Whether you choose to become an MD or a DO, the path will always involve a dedication to serving patients’ healthcare needs. Both allopathic and osteopathic physicians share the common goal of promoting health and healing, albeit through slightly different approaches. 

Ultimately, the choice between an MD and a DO depends on your personal philosophy, your career goals, and the type of doctor you aspire to become.

Our enrollment team can help you prepare your application for MD and DO med school .

Renee Marinelli, MD

Dr. Marinelli has practiced family medicine, served on the University of California Admissions Committee, and has helped hundreds of students get into medical school. She spearheads a team of physician advisors who guide MedSchoolCoach students.

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MD vs DO: Choosing Your Medical Path

If you are trying to figure out the differences between DO vs MD – you've come to the right place! In this blog, you will learn the main differences between osteopathic and allopathic medicine and hear from real MDs and DOs on why they chose their medical school path. They’ll also offer insights on the DO vs MD curriculum, the application process, medical school requirements and so much more. 

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

Article Contents 12 min read

Do vs md: what’s the difference.

Arguably, the main difference between DO vs MD programs is the philosophy behind their approach to medicine. Your answer to the question " Why do you want to be a doctor? " will have a great effect on whether you choose DO vs MD.

There are many reasons why medical school applicants may choose MD over DO or vice versa. For example, some applicants may decide to apply to the medical school that fits their personal goals and criteria best, regardless of whether it’s MD or DO. Others specifically chose the osteopathic path for themselves. Here’s why some of our admissions experts decided to choose the programs they did:

“I liked the holistic approach, seeing the entirety of the patient as a person and not just a collection of individual components.” - Dr. Justin Stacer, DO, graduate of the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine at A.T. Still University

Some applicants may choose a program not because it teaches allopathic or osteopathic medicine, but because it has other qualities that appeal to them:

“Of the acceptance offers I received; I believed that the DO school I went to offered the most comprehensive education. It was the best in terms of match rate, 1st time board pass rate, and had a good reputation in securing students the rotations they wanted.” - Dr. Tony Huynh, DO, graduate of Touro University Nevada

One of our former students, Alison, decided to pursue MD because of a more personal experience:

“My mom was working as a pediatric ICU neurotrauma nurse at the time and was like ‘you should just, you know come, shadow me at work maybe you'll like it’... I will never forget there was this kid that came in and just seeing the whole team of the medical professionals surrounding them and working together to help save this kid, I was like, ‘this is absolutely something that I want to be a part of for the rest of my life’.” - Alison Edwards, MS-1, Dell Medical School at UT Austin, former BeMo student 

Amcas (american medical college application service) used by most students to apply to medical schools across the united states application cycle opens in may and closes january the following year allopathic application requirements most md medical schools require mcat some md medical schools have official mcat\/gpa thresholds, others do not but mcat\/gpa score are still considered some md medical schools require altus suite assessment (casper, etc.) ","label":"allopathic application service","title":"allopathic application service"},{"id":"a324eee1-f405-4592-a092-88d4831a5b1a","text":" aacomas (american association of colleges of osteopathic medicine application service)  completely separate from amcas; used only by osteopathic medical schools  application cycle opens in may and closes in april the following year osteopathic application requirements most do medical schools require mcat some do schools have official mcat\/gpa thresholds, others do not some do medical schools require altus suite assessment (casper and duet)  ","label":"osteopathic application service","title":"osteopathic application service"}]" code="tab3" template="blogarticle"> gpa and mcat.

While there are some DO and MD medical schools that do not require the MCAT , most osteopathic and allopathic programs demand that their applicants meet certain medical school GPA requirements and MCAT score thresholds.

You should also keep in mind that many DO and MD programs require the completion of the Acuity Insights assessment. If your schools are among the medical schools that require CASPer , you might also be required to complete the Duet profile. Make sure you know how to prepare for CASPer , as it remains the most challenging component of Acuity Insights Assessment.

Prerequisites

Many MD and DO programs have general medical school prerequisites , but the specific course requirements vary from school to school. Generally, both MD and DO programs require experience in the following:

• One year of biology
• One year of physics
• Two years of organic chemistry with lab

AACOM programs’ handbook also specifies that one year of English composition is preferred. Each medical program may have specific prerequisite requirements. Please check each program’s course requirements before you apply.

Here's a summary of the main differences between MD and DO!

How to Choose Between MD vs DO

The amount of time it takes to prepare a good medical school application varies with every applicant. For example, if you’re a traditional applicant, you’ll probably need to use all the time between when the AMCAS application window closes for the previous year in the fall, until it opens again in May.

If you’re applying to the usual number of schools most traditional applicants apply to – between 16-20 schools – then it doesn’t seem like a lot of time. But if you apply to over 20, even 30 different schools that means having to put in the time researching these schools, writing personal statements and MCAT prep .

“I first began looking at medical schools in Canada (as I am Canadian); however, after working as an applicant with BeMo, I expanded my repertoire to include MD and DO institutions within the United States. If I had to guess, I would say I applied to more than 30 (maybe even 50) institutions between Canada and the United States over the years.” Dr. Shaughnelene Smith, DO, graduate of Kansas City University

“with writing the essay, organizing everything (my medical school application) probably 40 hours. planning probably 80 hours over several year period.” - dr. justin stacer, do, graduate of the kirksville college of osteopathic medicine at a.t. still university.

The line between MD vs DO is a thin one; so thin some people aren’t even aware of the differences between allopathic and osteopathic when they start thinking of medical schools to apply to. Even some of our BeMo DO experts weren’t aware that DO medical schools were an option when they were thinking of a medical career:

“When applying I had little information regarding the major difference between DO and MD educations. I would encourage students to do proper research if DO schools are right for them.” - Dr. Tony Huynh, DO, graduate of Touro University Nevada 

“i initially didn't apply to do schools simply because i didn't know anything about them, but through the support of bemo, i became more aware of what the programs entailed and what the medical trajectory would look like as a student and future physician.” - dr. shaughnelene smith, do, graduate of kansas city university.

But the other important thing to remember about choosing between allopathic and osteopathic medicine is that osteopathic medical schools tend to have more relaxed admission requirements and are considered some of the easiest medical schools to get into . One of our BeMo MD experts, Dr. Cathleen Kuo, MDc, said, “I chose to apply to DO school because it is easier to get in than MD school,” even though she was eventually accepted and graduated from the University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science.

Personal Qualities and Experiences

As part of your MD or DO school application, you will be required to submit a medical school personal statement . The statement should also include your general plans and aspirations in the medical field. A personal statement must articulate and showcase your motivation to be a physician. Both MD and DO programs look for applicants who can demonstrate the following qualities and experiences:

Personal Statement Tips from MDs and DOs

“i focused on my journey to medicine and opportunities that i sought out along the way. everyone’s path and validation is unique, so walking the reader through your growth to the point of application will naturally be different.” - dr. monica taneja, md, graduate of the university of maryland school of medicine, “what i did was start with a story. like any good novel, the stories first lines are meant to hook the reader. this can be about anything if you can bring it back and relate it to your application. it is important that the story be real. while in my opinion it is ok to slightly embellish some details of story to make it more interesting, straight lying or overly unrealistic situations should be avoided.” - dr. jaime cazes, md, graduate of the university of toronto temerty faculty of medicine.

Osteopathic medicine is a unique approach to healthcare and all DO schools want to hear why you are interested in taking the DO path, so be sure to focus as much as you can on what osteopathic medicine means to you, what you want to achieve in the field, and why you are choosing DO school. As Dr. Stacer says, “you need to know why DO.”

“My advice for writing a personal statement is the same for MD vs. DO applicants: Share your experiences and relate this to the institution's mission statement. Therefore, I would advise applicants - not just for the personal statement, but so they also understand the philosophy of what it means to be an osteopathic physician - to look into what these (osteopathic) principles are.” - Dr. Shaughnelene Smith, DO, graduate of Kansas City University

“you need to know why do. they will certainly ask you about it on interview and expect to see it in your personal statement. don’t go as a back-up.” - dr. justin stacer, do, graduate of the kirksville college of osteopathic medicine at a.t. still university, letters of recommendation.

Your medical school recommendation letters must be written by referees who are ready to give you outstanding references. You do not want mediocre recommendation letters. To write strong recommendation letters, the author must know you well and be able to speak to your best qualities, strengths, and accomplishments.

For DO applicants, most DO schools (but not all) require a letter from a DO physician, which means you have to seek out a DO physician in your community, and build a strong working relationship with them, through shadowing or scribing to secure an outstanding letter.

“Obtaining a letter of recommendation from a DO was the most challenging part of applying to DO schools. This is generally a requirement for most schools and you must build a relationship with a physician before asking for a letter.” - Dr. Noah Hecihel, DO, graduate of the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine

If you can’t find an osteopathic healthcare practitioner, you should check with your school on whether they will accept letters from MDs. If you take that route, do as Dr. Smith did, make sure that your MDs mention your osteopathic bona fides and how you’ve contributed to osteopathic medicine.

“All my letters of recommendation came from MD physicians. When going through the application process, I remember feeling worried that this would reflect negatively on my application, but I was surprised that a lot of US DO institutions were very forgiving of this. I subsequently made sure to ask my letters of recommendations to highlight some of the DO qualities and principles in my letter.” - Dr. Shaughnelene Smith, DO, graduate of Kansas City University

Both DO and MD medical school programs have rigorous interview processes. To be invited for an interview for either program is a significant achievement. You can start to prepare by practicing common medical school interview questions . Remember, how to prepare for your med school interview will depend on the interview format of the school to which you are applying. Try finding out what kind of interview format is used by your program of choice. These may include traditional interview, MMI interview , group interview, panel interview, and hybrid interviews.

“My first interview for medical school was an MMI and I was not prepared! In an MMI, there are not only ethical scenarios, but also instructional exercises, patient simulations, and creative discussions. Just having a better sense of the questions was really helpful in preparing so that I could match different topics with multiple types of questions.” - Dr. Monica Taneja, MD, graduate of the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Check out our blog for lists of MMI questions and panel interview questions to get ready for your interview! While you run through sample medical school interview questions and answers, figure out how to prepare for your MMI and other interview formats, as each interview style has specific nuances that you must be ready for.

“Be the best-prepared version of yourself. For me, preparation meant having a solid grasp of the interview format (MMI) (i.e., being comfortable with timing and the different types of questions such as acting, collaborating, and writing stations), researching the medical school (and understanding their curriculum, mission statement, and extra-curricular activities they offered), reflecting on my life experiences (and extracting lessons applicable to a medical career) as well as ensuring I was well informed about current issues.” - Dr. Shaughnelene Smith, DO, graduate of Kansas City University

Practice with these hardest medical school interview questions !

DO vs MD: Curriculum Differences

While the first two years focus on biomedical and clinical sciences, the second two years focus on patient-oriented clinical training. Most MD and DO programs also allow time for elective courses.

What is the Framework for Clinical Experiences?

Clinical education follows a distributive model in which students get to practice medicine in different health care settings. These include in-hospital experiences, as well as training in community hospitals and out-of-hospital ambulatory settings. Students in many DO programs are required to participate in community-based primary care rotations in rural or underserved areas. To get full information on each program's curriculum, be sure to check their webpages.

The one major difference between allopathic and osteopathic curriculum is the latter’s inclusion of osteopathic manipulative medicine or OMM.

“I preferred the manipulative medicine aspect. I found it interesting that you could treat physical ailments with manipulation.” - Dr. Noah Heichel, DO, graduate of the West Viriginia School of Osteopathic Medicine

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is a hands-on treatment that is used to diagnose and treat people in a primary or adjunctive way. This practice promises to enhance the overall health and holistic functioning of the human body. In conjunction with OMM, DO programs provide medical training in current and emerging theories and methods of medical treatment and diagnosis. DOs are also trained in all the other subjects expected of physicians along with the non-invasive skills of OMM.

All DO schools organize their curricula differently but they make OMM a required rotation, similar to how an MD program makes cardiology, and OB/GYN required rotations in their curricula. So, you should be prepared for how much OMM you’ll be immersed in if you decide to go the osteopathic route.

“There is a lot of OMM in the curriculum and if you’re not interested in it you will start to resent it (I saw this in several classmates).” - Dr. Justin Stacer, DO, graduate of the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine at A.T. Still University

Want to avoid medical school rejection? Watch our video:

DO vs MD: Residency Differences

In the past, DO and MD students had separate graduate medical education accreditation systems. This kind of split also helped to propagate the rivalry between DO vs MD degrees. Today, a unified GME accreditation system is available to all medical school graduates under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).

How Do MD and DO Graduates Apply to Residency Programs?

Both MD and DO graduates use the Electronic Residency Application Service ( ERAS ) to apply to their chosen residency programs. Elected applicants are invited to interviews, where their candidacy will be assessed by the Program Director, faculty, and other residents. The interview is also the applicants’ chance to examine the programs to which they applied. Based on the interviews, students submit a list of their rank order list , ranked from their first choice to last. Programs also rank the applicants. Based on these two lists, the residency match is made.

How Do Match Rates Differ Between MDs and DOs?

Most DO and MD graduates focus on one field of practice in their graduate education. Due to osteopathic medicine’s whole-person approach, the majority of DOs choose to practice medicine in the primary care specialties like family medicine, general internal medicine, and pediatrics. However, DO graduates practice a variety of medical specialties including geriatrics, sports medicine, and trauma surgery.

Whether you are applying to the most competitive residencies or not, residency matching is highly competitive for both MD and DO graduates. Osteopathic graduates have relatively high matching rates in GME programs; however, they are usually lower than MDs’ matching rates, according to the NRMP.

Despite the statistics, you still have a very good chance of being matched to a residency program of your choice, if you apply strategically.

Just like their MD peers, DO graduates go through a rigorous licensing process to ensure a high caliber of their theoretical and practical knowledge. To become a licensed allopathic or osteopathic physician, you must:

Stay on top of medical developments related to your specialty through Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs. Participation in CMEs will provide ongoing education and retraining. As the medical field grows and develops new technologies and practices, you as a medical professional will need to improve your competencies. Each state has its own CME requirements.

Licensing Exams

United states medical licensure examination (uslme).

The USMLE is the standard examination required for all US and international MD students to practice medicine in the United States. DO students and residents are also eligible to take this exam. There are three parts to this exam: the USMLE step 1 , the USMLE step 2 CK , and the USMLE step 3 . Check your residency program’s deadlines to see when you should schedule your USMLE exams.

Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensure Exam (COMLEX-USA)

COMLEX-USA is the standardized test of osteopathic medical skills. The goal of this exam is to test the competency of students’ knowledge of osteopathic medical practice. This exam tests DOs’ theoretical knowledge and essential clinical skills. COMLEX-USA consists of standardized test questions and a pass/fail observed clinical examination performed by the student.

There are three COMLEX-USA components:

Therefore, completing COMLEX Level 1 , COMLEX Level 2 CE and COMLEX Level 2 PE is required for graduation from the osteopathic school.

Important note: some MD residency programs may accept COMLEX-USA exam scores, but most will require DO students to also take the USMLE exam in addition to COMLEX-USA.

In general, it is considered easier to get into DO programs. The average GPA and MCAT scores for DO admissions tend to be lower. While the medical school acceptance rates for both DO and MD programs are similar, the number of candidates for MD programs is much higher and therefore there is more competition.

An osteopathic medical degree will not severely limit your choice and chances of matching. While DOs tend to have lower match rates than MDs, especially in more competitive specialties, DOs can apply to all the same programs as MD graduates.

Osteopathic medical school curricula are similar to those in MD programs. Both programs take four years to complete and provide training to prepare students for a variety of specialties. The key difference between them is in the approach to medicine. Specifically, DO programs will teach osteopathic manipulative medicine techniques.

Start by visiting DO programs’ websites. The Choose DO Explorer is a useful tool to find information about osteopathic medical schools. If you get a chance, try visiting the program that interests you. Talk to current students and faculty, they may be able to answer most of your questions.

On average, there is a slight difference in salary between MD and DO physicians. Keep in mind that a doctor’s salary is heavily influenced by his or her specialty. With this said, MD practitioners do earn a slightly higher salary on average, simply because MDs tend to enter into higher-paying specialties.  

Residency matching is highly competitive for both MD and DO graduates. According to the NRMP Main Residency Match, DO students experience lower success rates of matching compared to MD graduates for the majority of specialties.

OMM is a key component of DO education. OMM education usually occurs in the first and second years of theoretical and skills courses and throughout clinical training. Each student completes around 200 hours of OMM training. 

The choice of whether to apply to DO or MD—or both—will vary by applicant. We recommend applying to any programs that fit your profile and criteria for medical school selection, regardless of if it is a DO or MD program, to increase your chances of acceptance. However, before applying to DO schools carefully look at the application requirements and consider whether studying osteopathic medicine is of interest to you.

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Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions.

Do DO’s make more or less money than an MD?

BeMo Academic Consulting

Hello Azell! Thank you for your question. DOs do not make less money when they work in the same specialty. For example, MDs and DOs in family medicine make the same. Let us know if you have any questions!

Can a DO specialize and become a surgeon, dermatologist, paediatrician anesthesiologist, etc the same way a MD can?

HI Azell! Yes, DOs can specialize, but the rate of acceptance to these specialties for DOs is lower than for MDs.

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MD vs. DO: Allopathic/Osteopathic Doctor and Med School Comparison

• By Med School Insiders
• June 1, 2023
• Doctor Journey , Osteopathic

There are two types of physicians in the United States—MD vs. DO doctors. Medical doctors (MDs) study and practice allopathic medicine, and they make up nearly 90% of the doctors in the US. Doctors of Osteopathy (DOs) study and practice osteopathic medicine. Osteopaths go to osteopathic medical schools, and they have a different philosophy surrounding medicine and patient care.

This article will describe both types of doctors, including differences and similarities in the doctor journey and how each doctor approaches patient care. If you are a premed trying to decide which kind of doctor you want to become, we’ll help you decide which is right for you and cover how the medical school application works for becoming an MD or DO.

MD vs. DO: What’s the Difference Between Allopathic and Osteopathic Medicine?

An allopathic doctor, also known as a medical doctor (MD), is the most traditional path to becoming a doctor in the US. MDs are typically considered to be more scientifically oriented than DOs, having rigorous training in medical sciences and anatomy. Osteopathic doctors (DOs) , on the other hand, have a different philosophy of medicine, which emphasizes holistic care, the interconnectedness of the body’s systems and organs and their influence on each other, and patient-centered treatment.

MDs and DOs are both licensed to practice medicine in the US. Both have to complete four years of medical school, followed by residency. Nearly every specialization available to an MD is also available to a DO. However, despite these similarities, a DO degree does not have the same reputation as an MD degree. This is generally because the statistics for acceptance for DO schools are typically lower than allopathic (MD) schools. DOs also have a harder time practicing medicine outside of the United States.

MDs tend to have more opportunities for specialized training in certain areas of medicine, such as psychiatry or surgery, while DOs may need to seek out additional education and training after completing their residency.

MD vs. DO Differences and Similarities

The allopathic philosophy.

Allopathy is a medical philosophy and system in which medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals take a science-based (also called evidence-based) approach to treating patients with modern, mainstream medicine, such as drugs, radiation, and surgery.

Allopathic physicians have the title of MD (medical doctor). MDs focus on both prevention and acute care to maintain the health of their patients.

What Are the Benefits of Seeing an Allopathic Doctor?

Allopathic doctors are the main doctors available to people throughout the United States, so it’s likely you’ve seen one or more already. MDs may be the only option for patients requiring additional care, such as specialized procedures or surgeries since most MDs specialize beyond primary care.

The Osteopathic Philosophy

Osteopaths (DOs) differentiate themselves from MDs with a whole-body approach that treats the person—not the symptoms. The focus of osteopathic medicine is on preventing illness and understanding the connections between the various systems and organs in the body, as well as how they influence each other.

Osteopathic medicine is holistic and patient-centered. Osteopathic doctors (DOs) look beyond the physical symptoms of illness or injury; they consider the overall health and wellbeing of their patients, utilizing a wide range of hands-on techniques, such as massage therapy to encourage healing and relieve pain.

The manual medicine therapies that DOs employ treat the musculoskeletal system—the body’s interconnected system of nerves, muscles, and bones. These manual medicine therapies are known as osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM).

The extensive training that DOs have in manual therapies and other alternative approaches to treatment means they are typically well-suited for careers in primary care, as well as other areas where MDs may not have the same level of expertise.

There are four principles of osteopathic training and practice , also known as the tenets of osteopathic medicine. They have been approved as policy by the American Osteopathic Association House of Delegates.

• The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit.
• The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance.
• Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.
• Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function.

What Are the Benefits of Seeing an Osteopath?

DOs prioritize holistic, whole-body care that combines the emotional, social, and physical aspects of health. Typically, DOs have more training than MDs in manual therapies, such as massage, which can be helpful in promoting healing and managing certain types of pain.

Osteopathic medicine focuses on preventative care and wellness. DOs are specifically trained to search deeper than the symptoms of an illness or injury to uncover the underlying causes. They also tend to take a more proactive approach to healthcare by suggesting lifestyle changes as well as other preventative measures. If you’re looking for a more personalized and holistic approach to healthcare, a DO may be what you’re looking for.

Choosing Between the MD or DO Path for Premeds

Choosing between the MD or DO path depends on your own goals, preferences, and beliefs about the practice of medicine. You may prefer allopathy for its focus on academic advancement and scientific research, or you may like the sound of osteopathy for its more holistic approach to medicine and patient care.

In most cases, your decision to pursue either path comes down to your philosophy about how best to treat people.

The allopathic path is certainly the more traditional one. Osteopathic physicians make up only 11% of all doctors in the United States .

If you are interested in pursuing a career in a specialized medical field, such as neurology or surgery, choosing to become an MD will provide more options to specialize in your skill set and career.

If you are interested in pursuing a career in primary care or other manual therapies, DO may be the better choice. DOs have extensive training in alternative approaches to treatment, such as massage and manipulation, and they typically receive more training in manual therapy techniques than MDs do.

Ultimately, the decision will come down to your individual goals and preferences, so it is important to carefully consider your own values and your desired career path when making this choice.

1 | Curriculum

The osteopathic medical school curriculum is nearly identical to allopathic medical schools. Just like allopathic medical schools, the first two preclinical years are focused on building a core foundation of medicine in the classroom. The latter two years constitute a medical student’s clerkships, with training in similar specialties to allopathic medical schools, including internal medicine , OB/GYN, pediatrics, family medicine , surgery, psychiatry, etc.

However, DO schools provide 300-500 hours in the study of hands-on manual medicine, referred to as osteopathic manipulative medicine, or OMM for short. The thought is that such body manipulation can bring about systemic healing.

2 | Examinations

To get into an osteopathic medical school, you still have to take the MCAT . However, in osteopathic medical school, you take the COMLEX exam rather than the USMLE. DO students can also opt to take the USMLE Step exams if they desire to enter an MD residency after completing medical school.

The more important thing to note when comparing MD and DO schools is not the exams during medical school but rather the competitiveness of exam scores in getting into medical school. DO program matriculants have lower average MCAT scores and lower average GPAs. If you’re not competitive for traditional allopathic medical schools, osteopathic medical schools could be a good option.

3 | Future Training Options

Unfortunately, earning a DO isn’t respected to the same degree as earning an MD. Considering osteopathic medical schools cover the same content as allopathic medical schools, and then some, there is no good reason for the DO to be less respected. However, this is the reality of the situation.

The lack of respect for DOs may be because it’s less competitive to get into DO schools, and as a result, most of the strongest students opt for allopathic medical schools.

What this means is your options may be limited when it comes to residency. In some specialties, such as plastic surgery, it is nearly impossible to match if you have a DO. The year I matched into plastic surgery residency, only one osteopathic medical student matched into plastics, and it was considered a big deal.

That being said, if you are interested in primary care, it will make less of a difference, unless you’re shooting for top internal medicine programs. These top internal medicine programs are also very competitive, and DOs are at a sizable disadvantage.

Differences in the MD vs. DO Application Process

The application process for allopathic and osteopathic medical schools is very similar. Both use a centralized application service, saving students the hassle of sending a different set of application materials to each school they apply to.

Students applying to allopathic medical schools will use the American Medical Colleges Application Service (AMCAS), while osteopathic medical school applicants will use the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOMAS). If you want to apply to both allopathic schools and osteopathic schools, you can do so—but you will need to apply through both systems.

Alternatively, if you are applying to medical or osteopathic schools in Texas, you may be required to use the Texas Medical and Dental School Application Service (TMDSAS). Curious about applying to schools in Texas? Check out our TMDSAS Application Guide for Texas Medical Schools .

While the process for applying to allopathic or osteopathic medical schools is very similar, there are some key differences to be aware of.

Both allopathic and osteopathic applications include a personal statement, letters of evaluation, and an experiences section. The key difference is that osteopathic applicants must specifically address why they want to become an osteopathic doctor in their personal statement. Additionally, osteopathic applicants should include at least one letter of recommendation from an osteopath.

Learn more in our comprehensive guide: AMCAS vs. AACOMAS vs. TMDSAS Med School Application Differences .

Applying to Medical School for an MD

The American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) is the AAMC’s centralized medical school application processing service and the primary application method for first year entering classes for the vast majority of US medical schools. You only need to submit one set of application materials to AMCAS, regardless of how many schools you apply to. (So long as none of those schools are osteopathic or utilize the Texas application system, TMDSAS).

AMCAS has no say in admissions decisions. The service only collects, verifies, and delivers your application materials to the schools you apply to. Admissions decisions are made solely by each individual medical school.

AMCAS is the standard, so the majority of first year applicants will apply through it.

The allopathic medical school application is made up of multiple components, which are all essential to the success of an applicant. The application includes personal details, letters of evaluation, a personal statement, a work and activities section, and your GPA and MCAT score.

Letters of Evaluation

For the AMCAS application, although you are allowed to submit up to 10 letters of evaluation, we recommend every applicant submit 4 to 5 strong letters of recommendation. Quality over quantity is more important here.

Variety is best, but again, don’t sacrifice quality for the sake of variety. Ideally, your letters will be from:

• A non-science professor.
• A physician you shadowed or worked with.
• An extracurricular or volunteer supervisor.
• An employer.

To ensure you’re able to fulfill all of these letter types, begin building relationships early and continue to nurture those relationships leading up to the application cycle.

It is essential that all of your letters of recommendation be strong, as a neutral or even okay letter can negatively impact the chances of your acceptance. Admissions committees use letters of evaluation to get an outside perspective of who you are, your attributes, and how well you get along with others. A lukewarm letter illustrates that you either did not take time to build strong relationships, or the people you worked with don’t have anything good to say about you.

Read our Letters of Recommendation Guide for everything you need to know, including how to ask for letters, who to ask, and strategies to ensure you receive strong letters.

Personal Statement

The medical school application personal statement is a 5300 character essay that asks students to describe why they want to become a doctor. It’s your chance to share your unique story behind what has inspired you to take this path and show admissions committees that you’re committed to becoming a doctor.

It must not be a rehash of your CV or any other aspect of your application. Your personal statement must bring something new and interesting to the table, and it should help admissions committees understand who you are. Remember, there are thousands of other applicants just like you who have a natural gift for the sciences and want to help people.

What makes you unique? What makes you stand out? What about your past has put you on the path to becoming a doctor? Did you have an epiphany one day that you were destined to become a physician? Or did your passion for medicine grow over time?

Many applicants struggle with this part of the application for several reasons: It can be difficult to speak about ourselves authentically, writing an essay requires attention to detail and editing skills , and you must find a way to capture the attention of your readers, all while complementing the overall narrative of your complete application.

We have a number of resources available on our blog to help you master your personal statement. Read our guide on How to Write a Personal Statement , which includes 11 steps to writing a stand out personal statement. Also check out our Personal Statement Prompts to help you get started, Bad Personal Statement Examples , and How to Edit and Revise Your Personal Statement .

Work and Activities

The work and activities section is a chance to show all of the experiences you’ve had related to medicine, personal development, schooling, etc. It’s here where you will describe any research, clinical experience, or volunteer work you participated in. These are the core experiences admissions committees look for but depending on your background, you may choose to include other activities you feel demonstrate the skills and attributes that will make you an excellent medical student and future doctor.

Include some core experiences, such as research, clinical exposure, and community involvement. Activities in these areas demonstrate you have both the well-rounded experience and the relevant interests to know whether or not you want to pursue a career in medicine for certain.

You are allowed to choose 15 activities in total, and you have 700 characters to speak about each. From those 15, you can choose three as your most meaningful. This gives you 1325 characters of extra space in addition to the 700 characters to speak about each of these three activities in more detail.

For this section, be sure to clearly and effectively describe the experience. You don’t have much space, so brevity and clarity are of the essence. You must be concise and make every word count. Don’t detail the activity; describe your specific role and individual experience. Speak about your responsibilities, and use one or two sentences to explain what you learned or gained from the experience.

While you aren’t required to choose three most meaningful experiences (MME), we recommend you utilize at least two, as many admissions committees save time by only focusing on your most meaningful experiences. Choose the experiences that were most significant to you to give admissions committees unique insight into what helped you grow and prepare you for the rigors of medical school.

For more information on crafting an effective experiences section, read our Work and Activities Guide .

GPA and MCAT Score

Your application wouldn’t be complete without your GPA and MCAT score. AMCAS sends your grades and scores to each of the schools you apply to.

The MCAT is a huge undertaking. At 7.5 hours long, it is one of the most difficult standardized tests out there. Plan well in advance for taking your MCAT, and be sure to research average MCAT scores for recent matriculants at the schools you want to apply to.

Utilize our MCAT Study Guide , which includes study strategies, resources, FAQs, and more.

Applying to Medical School for a DO

AACOMAS is the centralized online application service for the US colleges of osteopathic medicine and the primary application method for students who want to pursue osteopathy. So long as you are only applying to osteopathic schools, AACOMAS verifies, processes, and submits your application materials to the schools you choose. This simplifies the process, as you will only need to submit one set of materials, which AACOMAS will pass on for you.

AACOMAS allows applicants to submit up to 6 letters of evaluation. We highly recommend applicants focus on quality over quantity, aiming for 4-5 strong letters.

Your letters must include:

• 3 academic letters from undergraduate professors (2 science and 1 non-science.)
• 1-2 letters from extracurricular pursuits, most commonly DO research and clinical experience.
• At least one letter must be from a DO.

One of the main differences between the AMCAS application and the AACOMAS application is that DO applicants must include at least one letter of recommendation from an osteopath. Acquiring one or more letters from people working in osteopathic medicine illustrates that you have dedicated time to developing relationships with DOs and demonstrates you have spent time getting to know what it’s like to be an osteopath.

While getting at least one letter of recommendation from a DO is important, don’t sacrifice quality for the sake of acquiring more osteopathic recommendations. What’s most important is that all of your letters are strong . The person writing the letter should know who you are personally and be able to speak in detail about your experience and strong attributes.

Read our AACOMAS Letters of Recommendation Guide to learn more.

The AACOMAS personal statement is a 5300 character essay that asks why you want to become an osteopathic doctor. If you are applying to osteopathic schools, you must explain why you specifically want to become an osteopath, not just a doctor.

This is a key difference between the MD and DO applications. It means you cannot use the same personal statement if you plan on applying to both types of schools.

Your DO personal statement is an opportunity to show who you are and why you’d make a great fit within the osteopathic medical community. Ensure you specifically address your passion for and commitment to osteopathic medicine while illustrating your unique story.

Writing, refining, and editing your personal statement will take time. Make sure you start this essay many months in advance and begin thinking about topics as soon as possible. Quite often, premeds go through multiple iterations before they land on a stellar personal statement. You’ll need plenty of time to acquire constructive feedback, make those necessary changes, and perfect what you want to say.

Read our full AACOMAS Personal Statement Guide .

Experiences and Achievements

The AACOMAS experiences section asks you to list your non-academic work, such as your non-healthcare work, volunteer work, and extracurriculars. The achievements section gives you the space to list your academic awards, scholarships, and honors.

This section is called Work and Activities on the AMCAS application. AMCAS only allows 15 experiences with 700 characters to describe each. AACOMAS, on the other hand, allows you to add unlimited experiences and achievements and gives you 600 characters to describe each. Your experiences and achievements will not appear in any order, and you are given no extra space to describe the activities that were most meaningful to you.

You will also have an opportunity to write mini-essays in regard to a variety of extenuating circumstances. The mini-essays have a 500-character limit, and subjects include a dishonorary discharge from the military, a misdemeanor, if you’ve ever had a license suspended, and so on.

For more details and strategies, read our guide to the AACOMAS Experiences and Achievements Section .

AACOMAS will send your GPA and MCAT score to all the osteopathic medical schools you apply to. Generally speaking, osteopathic medical schools have a lower GPA and MCAT score threshold for matriculants, but average scores still vary from school to school.

When premeds have a lower-than-ideal MCAT score, they are often tempted to apply to osteopathic schools instead. While this may be an ideal fit for you, it is critical that you take time to research the osteopathic philosophy, as well as its four principles, to ensure osteopathy is right for you. Going down this path simply because you have a lower GPA or MCAT score will hinder you in the long run, as osteopathic schools are looking for medical students who are passionate about osteopathy.

Learn how you can still gain an acceptance with a low GPA , and if you are concerned about your scores, speak to one of our one-on-one advisors , who can assess your situation and help you make the best decisions moving forward.

Becoming an MD or DO

Whether you choose to pursue a career as a DO or MD, the journey is long and tedious. Our team of one-on-one advisers can help you determine the best path for you and help you get accepted at both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.

Our team is made up of DOs and MDs who have years of experience serving on both admissions committees, so you’ll receive key insights into the selection process. We can help with every aspect of your application, from MCAT tutoring to mock interviews to essay editing , and everything in between.

For the latest guides, how-to advice, strategies, and industry trends, follow the Med School Insiders blog . We’re committed to helping you succeed as a premed, medical student, resident, and future doctor. Sign up for our weekly newsletter to receive our latest articles, videos, and study strategies straight to your inbox.

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DO vs MD – What’s the Difference?

September 11, 2023

Deciding to become a doctor is a big decision to make at any stage of your life. The process from applying to medical school to finishing your residency is both arduous and rewarding. However, before you embark on the multi-year journey, it’s important to understand what kind of doctor you’d like to become. (And we’re not just talking about specialties here!) In fact, you can pursue a Doctor of Medicine degree or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree. Both provide you with accreditation to practice medicine in the U.S., but there’s so much more information you should know before making your decision. Read on to have all your questions about DO vs. MD degrees answered!

What is the Difference Between an MD and a DO?

There are two ways a physician can become educated in the U.S. They can either be trained in allopathic or osteopathic medicine. A physician with a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree will have attended an allopathic medical school accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education of the Association of American Medical Colleges (LCME). In contrast, a physician with a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree will have attended an osteopathic medical school accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation .

In terms of medical philosophy, MDs and DOs approach examination, diagnosis, and treatment differently. MDs practice allopathic medicine, which primarily uses medications and surgery to treat illness and injury. They also use specific tests and procedures to diagnose these afflictions. DOs, on the other hand, practice osteopathic medicine. This philosophy focuses on treating the body holistically rather than specific conditions individually. Sometimes osteopathic manipulative treatments are used along with the same tools used in allopathy.

Despite the differences in medical philosophies, there are numerous similarities between MDs and DOs, including:

• Attending a four-year accredited medical school.
• Using proven scientific facts to diagnose and treat patients.
• Being able to practice medicine throughout the U.S.
• Writing medical prescriptions.
• Specializing in a particular field of medicine.

There are also notable differences between MDs and DOs beyond their medical philosophies. For example, there are four times as many accredited MD programs as DO programs, which translates to the 9:1 ratio of MD vs. DO physicians in the U.S. Oftentimes, MD doctors specialize in a certain field and work in more populated areas. Meanwhile, DO doctors pursue primary care in less populated regions. Finally, MD and DO physicians must pass different exams to receive their respective medical licenses.

What is the Application Process Like for DO vs. MD Programs?

No matter what type of program you’re applying for, you’ll need the same academic and extracurricular prerequisites. Specifically, you’ll need to have a bachelor’s degree , take the MCAT , and have relevant extracurricular experience (i.e., research, volunteering, lab work). When you do apply, you’ll also have to fill out an application, request letters of recommendation , write a personal statement and supplementary essays, and prepare for interviews. MD applicants will apply through the American College Application Service (AMCAS); DO applicants will apply through the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS).

Despite the overlap, you will have to take slightly different approaches to the letters of recommendation and personal statement. MD programs typically require three letters of recommendation. At least two should be from science faculty familiar with your work ethic and medical interests. DO programs require two letters of recommendation. One should be from a science faculty member and one from a medical doctor (osteopathic strongly preferred).

Application Process (Continued)

Regardless of the program, your personal statement should definitely address two questions: Why are you applying to medical school and why are you qualified to be admitted? The essay will reflect on past experiences and the skills/qualities you gained from them. However, the key in writing a personal statement for an osteopathic medical school is to show how your experiences demonstrate the philosophy of osteopathic medicine.

If you’re applying to both MD and DO programs, you can write a singular personal statement and adapt it. However, you must put in the effort to make it stand out for the osteopathic programs. Avoid adding buzzwords like “holistic” and “comprehensive,” even though they’re relevant to osteopathic medical philosophy. Admissions readers will see right through a weak effort to edit an MD personal statement to fit DO program requirements. All parts of your application, including letters of recommendation and the personal statement, should be tailored uniquely to each type of medical school.

How is Medical School Different for a DO vs. MD?

In reality, there really is no difference! Both programs take a total of four years. The first two are spent in the classroom, where you’ll study subjects like anatomy, physiology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, and pharmacology. These “pre-clerkship” or “pre-clinical” years give you the foundation needed to succeed in your clinical rotations during your third and fourth years.

On top of clinical rotations, DO students must complete up to 200 hours of manipulation training focusing on the musculoskeletal system. It teaches students manual therapy and manipulation techniques as a means of diagnosis and treatment beyond what’s taught in traditional MD programs.

Throughout medical school, both MD and DO students will take exams that, once all are passed, qualify them to receive their medical license. MD students take the three-part United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). DO students can either take the USMLE or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) depending on school requirements.

How Does Residency Compare for a DO vs. MD?

Residency for MD and DO programs involves the exciting and somewhat nerve-wracking process of the residency match. In the past, MD students were primarily limited to matching with residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), whereas DO students had the flexibility to match with residencies accredited by either ACGME or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). However, a significant change occurred in July 2020 when these two accreditation councils merged. This merger resulted in a unified accreditation system, effectively breaking down the previous barriers. It enabled both MD and DO students to pursue training at any accredited residency site, expanding their opportunities and enhancing the integration of the two medical pathways.

No matter the type of residency, the path to matching is intense due to several factors. These include the limited number of available positions compared to the number of applicants. Residency programs are not only highly sought after but are also specialized, with some being more competitive than others. Prestigious programs and popular specialties like dermatology, orthopedic surgery, or plastic surgery tend to be particularly competitive. Admission often requires outstanding academic records, research experience, and exceptional letters of recommendation. So, whether you’re an MD or DO, the residency match is the gateway to your future as a practicing physician.

What is DO vs. MD Salary Like?

When it comes to comparing the salaries of MD and DO doctors, there isn’t a massive difference that can be attributed solely to their degree type. Both MDs and DOs can pursue similar medical specialties and practice medicine in similar settings. This means their earning potential largely depends on factors like specialization, location, and experience.

In general, physicians in the United States tend to earn very competitive salaries. Specialists like neurosurgeons, cardiologists, and radiologists often have the highest salaries in the medical field. This is true regardless of whether they hold an MD or a DO degree. On average, MDs and DOs tend to earn comparable salaries across most specialties.

That being said, there may be some slight nuances. In the past, there was a slight income disparity, with MDs often earning slightly more. However, this gap has been narrowing in recent years due to the increased recognition of DOs and the alignment of training and certification processes. It’s essential for aspiring doctors to choose a career path and specialization they’re passionate about. While the financial rewards can be substantial in medicine, the journey to becoming a physician is a long and challenging one, and personal fulfillment is crucial.

Deciding Whether to Pursue a DO vs. MD – Next Steps

The decision to pursue the path of becoming a Doctor of Medicine or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine is a deeply personal one, influenced by your values, career aspirations, and the type of physician you envision becoming. While both paths lead to the noble profession of healing, they offer distinct philosophies and approaches to patient care. MD programs have traditionally been the more widely recognized route, providing a robust foundation in allopathic medicine. DO programs, on the other hand, emphasize a holistic approach, with additional training in osteopathic manipulative treatment.

Engaging in conversations with both MDs and DOs is invaluable when deciding which path to pursue. MDs offer insights into allopathic medicine, while DOs provide perspectives on holistic healthcare. These discussions help align your values with your career aspirations and offer practical advice, enriching your decision-making process as you journey toward a medical career.

It’s essential to remember that the medical field is ever-evolving, with increasing recognition and integration of DOs into the healthcare system. The decision between MD and DO should be based on your passion for medicine and patient care. When balancing the pros and cons of DO vs. MD, make sure to consider the specific goals you hope to achieve in your career. Ultimately, both MDs and DOs have the opportunity to make a profound impact on the lives of their patients. The choice you make is just the beginning of an incredible journey toward becoming a compassionate and skilled physician.

• Medical School Admissions

Emily Schmidt

Emily is currently a professional writer in the healthcare industry. As a former journalist, her work focused on climate change, health disparities, and education. She holds two bachelor's degrees in English and Spanish from Stanford University, and a master's in journalism from Arizona State University. Her first published novel debuted in 2020, and she hopes to finish her second novel by the end of this year.

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Do vs. md: detailed guide to differences and similarities.

Reviewed by:

Rohan Jotwani

Former Chief Resident in Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, & Admissions Officer, Columbia University

Reviewed: 3/22/24

Is there a difference between DO and MD? And if there is, does that make one better than the other? Do away with everything you may have heard about DOs vs. MDs, and read the facts about these two highly capable physician varieties. 

Upon graduating from medical school, students receive accreditations that signify their status as physicians. Medical school students can look forward to becoming doctors of medicine (MD) or doctors of osteopathic medicine (DO).  

We at Inspira Advantage understand that, while there are many similarities between the two, there are also some significant differences that you should know in order to choose the best path for your medical career. 

So, how is a DO different from an MD? The primary difference is the philosophy behind each approach. But before we can determine the differences between an MD and DO, let’s take a moment to define each.

Get The Ultimate Guide on Writing an Unforgettable Personal Statement

What Is an MD?

If you’re curious about what the MD acronym stands for, it means Doctor of Medicine. Physicians who earn the MD credential attend an allopathic school. An allopathic school is a conventional medical school . An MD degree is what most people associate with becoming a physician. 

A doctor of medicine attends a four-year medical school where they earn their MD. After completing their school's program, allopathic students match into a residency, where they will train in their specialty of choice. 

What Is a DO?

Now, let’s go over what a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) is. 

According to medical terminology, a DO focuses on osteopathic medicine, which looks at holistic care. Medical students who attend an osteopathic school of medicine still become physicians.

Osteopathic medicine may be more unfamiliar than the allopathic path but DO students will end up working in the same places as those who attended MD programs. 

Like allopathic students, DOs complete their medical school program and match into a residency program . They can choose from a variety of specialties and will attend residency alongside MD graduates. 

What’s The Difference Between an MD and a DO?

There are some key differences between these designations:

Let’s delve further into these differences!

DO vs. MD: Philosophy

As mentioned above, the fundamental difference between an MD and a DO is their differing philosophies .  

MDs use symptoms to develop a diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan via conventional methods. DOs also master the ability to diagnose and treat symptoms but they undergo additional training in manipulative techniques and take a more holistic approach to medicine. 

MD Philosophy

In medical terminology, an MD focuses on science-based medicine. Allopathy is the foundation of the MD philosophy . The treatments allopathic physicians implement include standard methods, such as prescribing drugs or administering X-rays. 

Physicians who follow these practices focus on symptoms displayed by the body. They will rely on medicine and scientifically based treatments to reverse the body's symptoms. 

DO Philosophy 

As the DO medical acronym suggests, they study osteopathic medicine, which differs from allopathic medicine. The DO philosophy contemplates all aspects of a patient rather than symptoms alone . 

Physicians who study this philosophy learn to consider the body's ability to heal and regulate itself. While these physicians are knowledgeable in conventional medicine, they also use hands-on, manipulative techniques to aid the body’s healing process.

DO vs. MD: Application Process and Requirements

DOs and MDs will each learn about conventional medicine . Considering MDs are typically associated with doctors, a common question students have is, “is a DO a physician?” 

Yes! They are still physicians but they are taught an additional type of medicine. A DO’s qualifications match an MD’s, but they learn manipulative techniques to aid healing and the holistic conception of osteopathic medicine. 

This extra component means DOs and MDs attend two different school types—allopathic vs. osteopathic—before uniting in residency. 

Osteopathic and allopathic schools have separate application systems . Once you have decided which philosophy you want to pursue, you will use the respective application to apply. 

DO Application Process 

Future DOs will apply to medical school using a system provided by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS). Students will need to fulfill the required prerequisite courses and extracurricular activities for their application. Here’s everything you’ll need to apply:

Transcripts

You’ll need to fill in all the coursework you’ve completed at all the US and English Canadian colleges/universities you attended. This doesn’t just mean the prerequisites, but you should also have those.

Prerequisites vary from school to school, but here are the general requirements :

• One year of biology
• One year of physics
• One year of English composition
• Two years of chemistry

Some schools require a certain number of upper-level biology courses rather than the traditionally required courses alone. Pre-med majors will typically fulfill the prerequisites needed for both DO and MD medical schools.

MCAT/CASPer Scores

Students are required to submit MCAT and/or CASPer scores as part of their DO application.

Letters of Recommendation

Letters of recommendation are required to accompany your application . As is the case with prerequisites, the number of letters you need will vary from school to school. Currently, you can submit up to six letters to AACOMAS. They recommend sending any additional letters directly to prospective programs.

Also, some osteopathic schools will specifically require at least one letter from a doctor of osteopathic medicine. If this is the case, be sure to connect with osteopathic physicians to ask for your letters of recommendation for med school.

Remember, you want your letters written by people who can vouch for your connection and commitment to osteopathic medicine. 

Personal Statement

Applicants will also be given space to answer why they want to study osteopathic medicine using a personal statement. 

Achievements and Experiences

There will also be a section for students to list their experiences and achievements. Achievements can be academic awards, honors, or scholarships. Experiences will need to be broken down into the following categories:

• Extracurricular activities
• Non-healthcare employment
• Non-healthcare volunteer
• Healthcare experience

Overall, the DO application has four sections, made up of several smaller subsections, and AACOMAS tracks your progress through each. The categories are as follows:

• Personal Information
• Academic History (Transcripts, Coursework, Test Scores)
• Supporting Information (Recommendations, Personal Statement, Achievements)
• Program Materials 

Applying to medical school through AACOMAS may seem intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be. There are plenty of wonderful online tools to guide you through filling in your AACOMAS application(s) .  

MD Application Process

Students choosing the allopathic route will apply using the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS). AMCAS differs from AACOMAS in its display, but it requires much of the same information. Here’s what you’ll need to apply through AMCAS:

AACOMAS requires you to match prerequisites to schools one by one, in addition to verifying your transcripts before use. While the AMCAS system will also verify your transcripts, you will need to satisfy your school’s specific requirements. You will also be required to fill in all of your coursework from US and/or Canadian schools. 

MCAT/CASPer Test Scores

Students will be required to submit their MCAT test scores and CASPer test scores, if their program asks them to.

Letters of Evaluation

An additional difference to consider is that AMCAS encourages targeted letters. You can upload up to 10 letters, which you must match to each school. While you’re not required to submit targeted letters, if you’re determined to attend a particular school, including one can strengthen your application. 

Every applicant is required to submit a Personal Comments essay. You’ll have 5,300 characters, or approximately one page, to write this essay. While there isn’t a specific prompt you’re told to answer, it’s suggested you consider these questions:

• Why have you selected the field of medicine?
• What motivates you to learn more about medicine?
•  What do you want medical schools to know about you that has not been disclosed in other sections of the application?

Work and Activities

Here, you’ll be asked to share your work experience, extracurricular activities, awards, honors, or publications. While the DO application has an unlimited number of experiences you can share, the MD application limits it to 15. 

The system gives you the ability to determine your “most meaningful” experiences, meaning clinical or volunteer experiences . If you have two or more entries, you’ll have to identify at least one as the most meaningful. However, you can mark up to three as the most meaningful. 

Marking an experience as “most meaningful” allows you to write in more detail about multiple experiences.

Differences in Application Fees

Both applications come with significant fees . 

AMCAS charges a processing fee, which includes submission to one school. Additional programs can be added, but each program included on your application will incur a fee after the first school. AACOMAS uses a similar fee structure. 

Both AACOMAS and AMCAS have fee assistance options in place. 

Differences in The Schools

Osteopathic and allopathic medical schools give students an equally thorough education in medicine's basic principles. Because students will learn the same foundations for their medical training, both schools’ general prerequisite courses are similar. 

Allopathic students do not receive the training in manipulative techniques that osteopathic students receive. Although based on conventional medicine, the allopathic curriculum content will vary slightly from school to school. Both allopathic and osteopathic students can look forward to a robust, challenging curriculum. 

According to the AACOM, osteopathic students spend approximately 200 hours or more learning osteopathic manipulative medicine. Skills acquired during this training will allow students to treat and diagnose symptoms using their hands and conventional means. 

Allopathic students study how to diagnose and treat symptoms using medicine rather than their hands. 

DOs have a range of institutional options. If you are considering the DO path, make sure you familiarize yourself with the best osteopathic medical school before you begin applying. 

MD vs. DO: Tuition Costs

According to the AACOM, the average first-year tuition and fees of an osteopathic program are $56,762 for out-of-state applicants and $52,740 for in-state candidates . 

For allopathic programs, the AAMC reports that a first-year student’s tuition and student fees are as follows, on average:

Both programs will also incur costs beyond their tuition. For example, the University of New England notes that, aside from the $71,630 of “Total Direct Costs” for its DO program, you should expect to pay additional “Indirect Costs.” For your first year of study, the school estimates you’ll spend around:

• Room and Board: $23,400; 
• Transportation/Travel costs: $4,800; 
• Personal/Miscellaneous costs: $4,200; and
• Books, Supplies, and Equipment: $4,500

If you’re concerned about funding your medical degree, consider researching the numerous medical school scholarships and financial aid options .

DO vs. MD: Practice, Residency, Lifestyle 

Unsurprisingly, the practice, residency, and lifestyle experiences of DOs and MDs have both similarities and differences. 

Medically, what a DO is differs from what an MD is, but their practices and lifestyles tend to be similar. While DOs rely on their additional training when conventional medicine techniques do not completely resolve symptoms, MDs will use their allopathic studies and experiences in their practices. 

Allopathic and osteopathic physicians enter the workforce with the same clinical medical knowledge but different approaches. Osteopathic students train with great emphasis placed on analyzing the whole patient rather than the symptoms alone. They may take more time learning about their patients’ lifestyles and health-impacting habits. 

Allopathic physicians also receive training that teaches them to consider multiple elements of their patients’ health. Their focus will be on narrowing down diagnoses based on symptoms present during a patient's visit. 

Both DOs and MDs can practice medicine to the fullest extent as licensed physicians. Formerly, DOs and MDs applied for residency through two different systems. These systems were the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). 

Medical students in both school types will apply for residency through the ACGME. In the past, osteopathic students had to submit two separate applications because they applied to the AOA and ACGME separately. Osteopathic students were also presented differently from allopathic students in the ACGME applicant pool. 

Fortunately, the residency application has merged, and students are reviewed more uniformly. 

Another issue osteopathic students faced was different board exams. The COMLEX exam is part of the osteopathic graduation process. The USMLE is part of the allopathic graduation process. Previously, the ACGME did not officially recognize the COMLEX board exam as an equal alternative to the USMLE board exam. 

In recent years, however, the ACGME has acknowledged the COMLEX board exam as equivalent to the USMLE. Many residency programs now accept the COMLEX exam, but some may still require the USMLE. 

Students will be able to partake in the National Residency Match Program’s match process, known as “The Match.” Exciting yet frightening, Match Day is a rite of passage for many graduating medical students. Now, all medical students can partake in the fear and splendor of Match Day equally. 

DOs and MDs can choose from the same specialties. You will find them working in roles like primary care physicians, dermatologists, and surgeons. They are equally qualified to administer medications, order follow-up tests, make diagnoses, and treat ailments. 

DOs and MDs have equal responsibilities and decision-making power. Each physician type obtains full licensure. Whether you choose to become a DO or MD, you will experience the entire physician lifestyle. 

DO vs. MD: Career Outlook and Salary   

Both MDs and DOs have fantastic career outlooks and salaries, but several key differences exist between the two paths. Let’s explore the career and salary options between an MD and a DO. 

Career Outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, physicians' projected career outlook is the same as any other occupation. The job outlook for physicians and surgeons is considered adequate;  demand for both is expected to grow by three percent over the next several years. 

Physicians' employment opportunities may be more generous in certain areas, such as rural communities that are medically underserved. As the population ages and experiences the health effects of advanced age, the need for physicians is expected to increase.

The main factor in career prospects for medical school graduates is matching into a residency program. The residency merger's benefit for DO applicants was proven in its introductory year, with the highest DO match rate reported since 1992. The post-merge match rate for MD applicants remained within the average range. 

According to the NRMP, the match rate for PGY-1 positions , postgraduate year or first year of residency,  was 93 percent for DO seniors and 93 percent for MD seniors. Those who do not fully match can undergo a process called SOAP . The SOAP process places unmatched students into unfilled programs. 

Differences in Salary

You may be wondering: who has a higher salary, a DO or MD? Well, we have your answer. To put it simply, the salary for DO and MD physicians will not differ due to their credentials. 

Physician salaries will only vary based on specialty. For example, pediatricians tend to earn less than other specialties, with a reported average annual income of $232,000. Orthopedics is often paid a higher salary, with an average of $511,000 annually. 

Keep in mind that higher-salary specialties will be more challenging to enter and often require an extended residency in addition to possible fellowships. For example, general pediatric residencies are typically three years. Orthopedic residencies last, on average, five years.

It is, of course, natural to be curious about the financial soundness of your decision, because it is no secret that medical school is expensive. However, regardless of pay, finances should not be the driving force if you do decide to work in a care-focused role. 

Source: (Kane, Medscape )

DO vs. MD: Which Is Better? Tips for Choosing Between the Two

Picking your healthcare route is one of the most important decisions you'll ever make in your life. Your medical school route will shape you as a physician in various ways. This is why it's critical that you make your decision based on which path resonates with you most. 

Neither path is necessarily better than the other; institutions have effectively equalized allopathic and osteopathic schools. To help you come to a decision, here is a comparison of the pros and cons of a DO vs. MD:

Decide Which Philosophy You Identify With 

If you view health as vastly interconnected with lifestyle and would like to get to the root of a problem, DO school may be right for you. Understanding the cause of symptoms is one of the goals of osteopathic medical training. 

If you believe you would like to use symptoms to chisel down to a diagnosis, then an MD school may be right for you. Allopathic medical training will teach you to offset exhibited symptoms using medicines and conventional therapies. 

You may ultimately discuss lifestyle changes, but you may not be trained to innately emphasize that aspect when speaking with patients. 

Determine Whether You’re OK with Taking Two Board Exams 

While most residency programs accept the COMLEX, a few may still require you to take the USMLE to be competitive. So, you may have to sit for two board exams. 

If you choose the DO route, you will be obligated to take the COMLEX to graduate from your program.

Consider Their Match Rates 

Allopathic students do have a marginally higher match rate. This difference may continue to decrease each year. Still, the match difference is something to be aware of, especially if you hope to enter a highly specialized residency program. These residencies are, generally, more challenging to enter. 

DO vs. MD FAQs

Below, we’ve answered several questions to help you further understand the differences between a DO and an MD. 

1. What Does DO Stand For?

DO stands for Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.

2. What Does MD Stand For?

MD stands for Doctor of Medicine. 

3. What is the Difference Between DO and MD?

The biggest difference between a DO and an MD is their philosophies. Where DOs take a more holistic, or osteopathic, approach to medicine, MDs follow the allopathic approach. One approach is not superior to the other; they are simply different and tackle health differently.   

4. Why Get a DO Instead of an MD?

One of the major appeals to the osteopathic profession is that DOs believe in full-body healing, or the idea that the body has an innate ability to heal itself. They also believe in body connectivity, or that health and the body are affected by the environment and lifestyle. 

They, therefore, work with their patients in a way that emphasizes comprehensive healing, the entire body, and the connectivity of the patient’s body to their entire life.  

5. Is a DO Better than an MD?

A DO is not better than an MD. People, doctors, and patients alike, may simply prefer one to the other. 

Do your research to figure out which philosophy—osteopathic or allopathic—is the better choice for you.  

6. Is it Easier to Become a DO than an MD? 

The average MCAT score for students accepted into an osteopathic medicine program is 503.83, based on the most recent matriculant profile reported by AACOM. The average MCAT is 511.5 for an allopathic medicine matriculant, according to the AAMC. 

If you are viewing the level of ease solely from an MCAT standpoint, attending a DO school may appear more manageable. Keep in mind that many factors, like GPA requirements , go into acceptance at both medical school styles.

7. Can I Learn Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques (OMT) if I Choose an MD School?

Yes. MDs interested in learning OMT may join an ACGME residency program awarded osteopathic recognition. Some osteopathic schools may also provide continuing medical education courses that offer training in OMT. 

8. Can DOs Become Surgeons?

Yes, DOs can become surgeons of all types, including plastic surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. Remember, these positions will take hard work, extraordinary effort, and dedication to match into, no matter which credentials you obtain. 

9. Will People Know if I am a DO Instead of an MD?

Typically, your patients will not notice whether you are a DO or an MD. 

For most patients, you will be a physician. A difference is not likely to be perceived unless you make them aware or they see your DO credential printed somewhere. You will be addressed by those you work with as "Doctors." A difference in care provided by DOs and MDs will be challenging to detect unless you are using OMM. 

10. Do DOs Take the USMLE?

DOs don’t have to take the USMLE. But you may need to sit it to be competitive for specific residency programs.

11. Is There a Difference in the Prestige of a DO and MD?

In terms of prestige, MDs and DOs are equal; both occupations are highly respected, supported by in-depth training, and have a fantastic career outlook. But one thing to note is that some countries do not recognize the DO qualification as equivalent to the MD.  

DO vs. MD: Which Is Best for You?

Neither an MD nor a DO is superior to the other; both track and treat patients, save lives, and offer brilliant career prospects. Although each occupation takes a different approach to helping people, both professions study conventional medicine. 

Ultimately, your decision to attend ​​medical school vs. osteopathic school depends largely on your preferred approach to healthcare.  

There are some fundamental differences between a DO and an MD. Which is better suited to your skills, interests, and career aspirations is something only you can determine, but the good news is there is no wrong decision. 

So, while there are a ton of reasons to choose between osteopathic medicine and allopathic medicine, ultimately, that choice is entirely up to you and your preferences.

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Do vs md: the ultimate guide for future doctors.

Do you need help finding best-fit colleges or writing essays? You can sign up for a free consult here .

If you’re looking into becoming a doctor, you might be wondering whether you should pursue DO or MD medical schools.

DO stands for “doctor of osteopathy,” which emerged as a differentiation from allopathic medicine.

• Unlike allopathy, osteopathy focuses its treatment system on more holistic approaches, taking into account the lifestyle and environment of a patient during diagnosis and treatment, working on preventative treatments, and considering methods other than medication and surgery for treatment.

MD stands for “medical doctor,” or doctor of medicine.

• This is also known as allopathic medicine. Allopathic medicine emerged as a differentiation from the homeopathic medicine, a system based on the belief that “like cures like”, or that something that brings on certain symptoms can also treat similar symptoms in small enough doses.
• Allopathic medicine, on the other hand, focuses on treating disease and illness by drugs or surgery that produces effects incompatible with the symptoms of the disease.

DO vs MD: Differences in roles

Unlike homeopathy, which can be considered by some to be pseudoscience, both allopathy and osteopathy are respectable medical systems in the United States.

Both medical systems employ practices that are based on scientific study, and there are benefits to treatment from both kinds of physicians.  

Functionally, both an MD and a DO are physicians at the end of the day. They can write the same prescriptions and pursue any medical speciality.

They also must complete the same undergraduate prerequisites, attend 4 years of accredited medical schools , and obtain a license to practice medicine. It only affects which two letters follow your name in signatures.  

• That being said, choosing an MD or DO program can affect your school options and career path. You should keep in mind which one best suits your aspirations, as well as which one better aligns with your beliefs in patient care and treatment.

Medical school prerequisites and differences

For prospective MD and DO students, the process is quite similar. You must fulfill the same amount of pre-med undergraduate prerequisites in math and science, and particularly in biology and chemistry.

You must take the MCAT and earn a competitive score, and you must keep your GPA high to be considered by high-ranked med schools.

• The main difference between the two is the personal statement in your application.
• For the AMCAS application (for prospective MD students), the personal statement is limited to 5,300 characters.
• In comparison, the AACOMAS (for prospective DO students) personal statement must be less than 4,500 characters. The character limits roughly approximate to 800 and 600 words, respectively.

It means that, for the AACOMAS, you need to be much more economical in your word choice – if applying for both MD and DO programs , you may have to cut some examples of your achievements or ambitions to make room for the rest.

That being said, make sure that your personal statement for the AMCAS application reflects a strong belief in the allopathic medical system, and that your personal statement for the AACOMAS application reflects conviction in the osteopathic medical system.

Admission to MD programs are more competitive

While both are physicians at the end of the day, there are noticeable differences in the average GPA and MCAT scores between the two.

• In 2017, the average MD student admitted received a 510.4 on the MCAT and graduated from an undergraduate program with a 3.71 GPA.
• On the other hand, the average DO student received a 503.1 on the MCAT and had a 3.53 GPA. In other words, a score that may be considered competitive in DO programs may be significantly below average in MD programs.
• This may be something to consider if you want to be a physician or surgeon, but your test scores don’t reflect your best work.

However, you may be surprised to find that DO programs have a lower acceptance rate than their MD counterparts.

That seems counterintuitive since MD programs tend to be more competitive in test scoring, but there’s actually a more practical reason:

Get personalized advice!

There are far more md programs.

Colleges with MD programs are far more prevalent than ones with DO programs. In the United States, there are currently 141 accredited MD programs compared to 31 DO programs.

As mentioned, this affects the number of seats available to prospective medical students, but it can also affect the variety of schooling options for a DO degree.

• For instance, most colleges and universities that offer a DO degree are located on the eastern coast; some states, such as North Dakota, have zero colleges with DO programs. On the other hand, every state has at least several options for MD programs.

If you reside in a place with limited DO program options, this can greatly affect your ability to apply, as out-of-state tuition can really rack up your student loan debt.

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment

For the most part, the education between the two is very similar.

However, DO students must complete 200 training hours of something called osteopathic manipulative medicine – or the practice of manipulating musculoskeletal tissue to relieve pain.

Also known as OMT, or osteopathic manipulative treatment, includes moving a patient’s muscles and joints to improve blood flow, relieve joint restriction, and treat muscle tissue abnormalities.

While this treatment is often used to relieve pain, such as back pain, it can also ameliorate symptoms for common ailments such as asthma, carpal tunnel syndrome, migraines, and sinus disorders.

• A DO physician may use OMT to complement or even replace more traditional treatments such as painkillers or surgery, which can make it a less invasive approach to patient care.
• MD students, on the other hand, do not have to complete training in OMT, nor do they have any other equivalent training requirements.

Matching with residency programs is harder for DO students

In order to get your medical licensing, you need to complete 3-7 years of residency training at a program accredited by either the ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) for MD’s or the AOA (American Osteopathic Association) for DO’s.

• To do that, you must take a licensing exam and apply to residency programs that fit into your desired field.

MD students must take the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Exam), while DO students must take the COMLEX (Comprehensive Medical Licensing Exam).

• However, with so many more MD residency programs to DO residency programs (compare over 10,000 ACGME-approved programs to only 570 AOA-approved programs ), some DO students may want to take the USMLE as well and apply to some MD residency programs.

DO students, in general, have a more difficult time matching with ACGME-approved programs, at a rate of 70 percent, compared to 95 percent for MD students.

While this is sometimes due to the difference in reputation between the degrees, well-respected medical schools with DO degrees tend to be less competitive and prestigious than high-ranking medical schools with MD degree pathways.  

That being said, big discrepancies only occur in specialized residency programs. Residency programs in primary care have equal acceptance rates between MD and DO med students.

DO physicians tend to specialize less frequently

Despite the fact that DO physicians can specialize in any medical branch, many DO’s practice primary care.

Specifically, 45 percent of DO physicians are general practitioners, and they currently make up 10 percent of all primary care physicians.

The difficulty many DO’s have in matching with a residency program with a specialization may factor into this tendency.

• However, a far more likely reason is the osteopathic belief system itself: Since the focus is to look at the body as a whole and practice preventative treatments, a DO may feel better equipped to work as a primary care physician, a family doctor, or an internist than other kinds of specialties.
• However, this can affect your prospective salary.

DO vs MD: Salary differences?

MD physicians as a whole tend to make more than their DO counterparts, but not due to any preferential treatment.

In fact, MD’s and DO’s make very similar salaries when compared based on specialization, location, and years of experience.  

• Specialized medical fields yield a far higher salary, so on average DO physicians, who tend to practice primary care or unspecialized medicine, make less than MD students, who are more likely to specialize.

DO physicians are also more likely to practice in rural areas, while most MD’s tend to practice medicine in urban areas. The difference in the cost of living of these places contributes to the overall salary averages.

• Practicing osteopathic medicine is also a slightly newer medical system, and it continues to grow in popularity. So, MD’s also tend to be older and more experienced than DO’s.

Thus, differences in salary aren’t because of the two letters following your name, but rather the various other factors that go into practicing medicine.

As long as you practice a field of medicine you are comfortable in, you should receive a competitive salary compared to other physicians in your speciality, location, and experience.

DO or MD: Which program should you pursue?

All in all, once you’re a licensed physician, the practical differences between an MD and a DO are very few.

You can specialize in any field, become licensed to practice medicine in any state, and prescribe the same medication. The only real difference is the path to that doctor’s office.  

• When considering whether you’d like to be an MD or DO, first consider your personal beliefs in treatment and patient care.
• If you believe more in allopathy, the treatment of diseases and illnesses using drugs and surgery to negate the symptoms, then you should prioritize MD programs.
• However, if you have a more holistic outlook on healthcare, in which you’d like to initially prescribe alternative treatments than medication or surgery, or focus on preventative care, then you should consider pursuing a degree in osteopathic medicine.
• Also, make sure to consider your desires for specialization. Did you always hope to be a cardiologist and work with the heart, or an oncologist and find a cure or better treatment for cancer?
• Did you want to be a general practitioner or practice family medicine (and want to be the first contact point for your patients)?

While both MD’s and DO’s can specialize in any field, DO’s have a harder time being accepted to competitive, specialized MD programs, and most end up practicing primary care.

If your goal is to specialize in a specific branch of medicine, it may behoove you to choose an allopathic program.

On the other hand, people who want to be primary care physicians may find that DO training may best suit their vocational goals.

And, finally, if you are already in an undergraduate program, watch your grades and study hard for the MCAT (remember, you can only take the MCAT three times a year and only seven times in a lifetime).

What do other experts and medical professionals think?

Dr. Jill Stocker, DO of The Body Well USA:

The medical training of MD’s and DO’s is similar as far as the base courses (anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, etc), as well as all the medical training post-medical school (internship/residency). The main difference comes with the DO philosophy, which is more of a holistic approach to medicine, addressing the person as a whole, not simply placing bandaids over each individual ailment. The DO curriculum also incorporates a component of osteopathic principles and manipulation, with the base principle being that all ailments stem from the spine and it’s corresponding “activations” of the nerve roots stemming from each level. Board certification is available to both MD’s and DO’s, and are up to the same standards, just different qualifying boards(American Medical Association for MD’s and American Osteopathic Association for DO’s).

Dr. Raymond Oenbrink, DO of Appalachian Wellness:

The simplest answer is that we do everything that an MD does and everything that a chiropractor does but have a LOT more education than a DC. We tend to go into primary care fields more than MD’s do as a percentage of practitioners. We’re selected from our medical school interview to be geared more towards primary care. Our educational process is heavily focused on that area as well.

From Dr. Jack Springer, MD:

These days there are minimal differences between MDs and DOs. Today the basic and clinician training in MD and DO schools are almost identical and even the post-graduate training programs are the same and merging with the allopathic training scheme to become one. DOs and MDs can both seek training in any specialty or subspecialty of medicine.

Conclusion: DO vs MD

If you want to pursue an MD program, remember that your GPA and MCAT score must be higher to be considered competitive.

Before you commit to years of medical school, know the differences between DO and MD. 

• That being said, if your only concern between the two medical degrees is the average GPA/MCAT score, it doesn’t hurt to apply to both MD and DO programs.
• Even if you preferred the MD route, becoming a DO physician is still becoming a physician.

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DO vs MD: What are the Differences and Which is Better? (2023 – 2024)

Learn about the differences between do and md with regards to the medical school application, your medical school education, and your future salary and career..

Table of Contents

Introduction

If you are reading this article you likely have a few questions in mind:

• What kind of medicine does a DO practice?
• Is it less competitive to get in to a DO vs. MD program?
• Will my medical education be different as a DO?
• Will my residency training and career options be limited as a DO?
• Are an MD and a DO really equal or is one “better?”

For those interested in becoming a physician, there are two different paths that one can take: training and a career as an MD or Allopathic physician or training and a career as DO or Osteopathic physician. Generally speaking, MD trained physicians are more prevalent in modern medicine, but DO trained physicians are becoming more commonplace, with new Osteopathic medical schools cropping up across the United States. Having worked with both DO and MD physicians, I can tell you there is little differentiation when it comes to medical practice in the “real world” between the two! As an allopathic physician, I have worked alongside DO physicians in both academic and community environments. But when determining what path to take in your medical training, it’s worth exploring: What is the difference between MD and DO educated physicians and will your career options be different? (Short answer: Yes.) Will it be tougher for me to get into a more competitive specialty as a DO? (Short answer: Yes.) Read on to learn more……

Having worked with both DO and MD physicians, I can tell you there is little differentiation when it comes to medical practice in the “real world” between the two!

What is a DO vs MD?

First, let’s review some basics about a DO vs. MD

What does DO Stand For?

DO stands for Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. You can only earn this degree from osteopathic medical schools in the United States. Therefore, if you see DO after a doctor’s name, it means they graduated from an osteopathic medical school.

Osteopathic medical schools are accredited by The Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation of the American Osteopathic Association .

What is an MD?

MD stands for Doctor of Medicine and is the degree offered by all allopathic medical schools.

Allopathic medical schools are accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Now let’s look at some basic comparisons between DO and MD which are discussed further in the article:

DO vs MD Similarities

Both degrees, a do or md, allow you to practice medicine and surgery in the united states..

• DO and MD schools have the same medical school requirements .
• DO and MD schools both require the MCAT .
• Medical school for both DO and MD is four years.
• DO and MD students both apply for residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

DO vs MD Differences

• Ideally, DO applicants should shadow an osteopathic physician from whom they receive a letter of reference .
• DO medical students receive 200 hours of education in osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT).
• DO students may need to take two standardized exams during medical school – the COMLEX and the USMLE – depending on the residency and specialty they hope to pursue.
• DO students may not be as competitive for the most selective specialties and residency match .
• DO graduates gravitate towards primary care fields and do not specialize as much as MD graduates.
• DO graduates can only practice in the U.S. whereas MDs can practice world-wide. This is especially important for applicants interested in global health.
• There are 157 allopathic (MD-granting) medical schools in the U.S. and 38 osteopathic (DO-granting) medical schools in the U.S.

DO vs. MD: Historical Perspective

While both Osteopathic and Allopathic physicians are medical doctors, there are some differences in education and training that set them apart from one another, primarily the practice of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT).

OMT was originally conceived as a form of medical treatment in the 19th century by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still, the founder of osteopathy and the American School of Osteopathy in 1892 (now A.T. Still University in Kirksville, MO). OMT is a set of hands-on techniques used to treat, diagnose, and prevent illness and/or injury that involve stretching, gentle pressure, and resistance.

Some of the more common problems treated through OMT are asthma, sinus disorders, and migraines, as well as some musculoskeletal problems like lower-back pain. Along with standard medical education, OMT is taught exclusively in osteopathic medical schools, and is used as a complement to – or in some cases, a replacement for – some drug or surgical therapies.

DO vs MD: Is it Easier to Get into Osteopathic Medical School?

The primary factor that determines your competitiveness for DO versus MD schools will depend on your MCAT and GPA.

Because the average MCAT and GPA are lower for osteopathic medical students, it is the “easier” option if your stats are not high. Many medical school applicants apply to osteopathic medical schools if they are not competitive for MD medical schools.

To determine your competitiveness, consider the most recently reported average GPAs and MCATs for DO and MD medical school matriculants which are listed below.

MD Medical School Average MCAT and GPA for Medical School Matriculants (2023)

DO Medical School Average MCAT and GPA

As you can see, the stats for allopathic medical schools are much higher than those for osteopathic medical schools. Therefore, your decision of where to apply should, in part, depend on your overall competitiveness.

Many students apply to both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools simultaneously.

Review average MCAT and GPA data from all medical schools .

DO vs MD Medical School Application Differences

There are two application services for MD and DO medical schools.

When applying to MD or allopathic medical schools, students must complete the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) application which requires a 5300 character personal statement and application entries.

When applying for DO or osteopathic medical schools, students must complete the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS) application which also consists of a 5300 character personal statement and application entries.

Since most osteopathic medical schools have a secondary essay with the prompt, “why osteopathic medicine?” most students us the same personal statement for both allopathic and osteopathic systems.

Both application services open in May, but, the AMCAS application can be submitted in June whereas the AACOMAS application can be submitted in May when the system opens.

Summary of major AMCAS and AACOMAS application components:

• Personal Statement : 5,300 characters
• Work and Activities Entries (up to 15): 700 characters
• Most Meaningful Entries (up to three): 1,325 characters

• Work and Activities Entries: 600 characters

When preparing medical school, the admissions process doesn’t vary to much of a degree.

Individual schools may place specific requirements on applicants in order to be considered for admission (certain number of letters of recommendation, preferred extra-curricular activities, etc.) but generally speaking, admission requirements between osteopathic and allopathic schools are identical.

Both will require the completion of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) , and the completion of biology, physics, and chemistry courses.

The only notable difference between admission practices of the two schools is that osteopathic schools tend to place heavier weight on whether or not an applicant has participated in an observership or shadowing opportunity with an osteopathic physician.

We therefore recommend all osteopathic medical school applicants shad an osteopathic physician and request a letter of reference from that physician.

DO vs. MD: School Differences

The general philosophy behind Osteopathic training is also different than that of their Allopathic counterpart; the focus of Osteopathic medicine is to look beyond symptoms and examine the patient as a whole.

The largest difference between allopathic and osteopathic medical education is that osteopathic medical students are required to take 200 hours of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) during medical school.

During a patient interaction, emphasis is placed on performing thorough physical exams, using touch and OMT to help diagnose and provide treatment. There is also a large focus on primary care in osteopathic medical schools and career choices and options reflect this (see below).

DO vs MD Career Options

Aside from the differences in training practices, Osteopathic physicians are significantly less prevalent than Allopathic physicians. Allopathic medical schools span the globe and can be found in nearly every country. On the other hand, Osteopathic medical schools are only in the United States, totaling 36 osteopathic medical schools.

Osteopathic physicians currently comprise 11% of the physician population as of 2023 and 25% of all current medical students in the U.S. according the American Osteopathic Association . With new Osteopathic medical schools being established, these percentages are likely to increase as time goes on.

Related Article: Average Medical School MCAT Scores (By School)

Do vs. md: differences in standardized testing .

Within medical school, both Allopathic and Osteopathic students must complete a series of exams in order to progress and ultimately graduate.

Osteopathic medical students must complete the COMLEX exam to graduate.

However, and this is important to note, to be competitive for the most selective residency programs and specialties, graduates must also sit for the the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).

Allopathic medical students only take the USMLE.

Both series of exams are designed to assess a student’s medical knowledge, concepts, and principles, with the COMLEX also assessing Osteopathic knowledge and skills.

While each student must complete their respective exams in order to graduate and move on to their post-graduate training, Osteopathic students have the unique opportunity to also complete the USMLE alongside the COMLEX if they so choose.

The results of these exams can impact an applicant’s competitiveness for residency, so participating in both exam series can either be markedly beneficial or hindering depending on the final scores.

Traditionally allopathic residency programs will often only take the USMLE whereas traditionally osteopathic programs will only take the COMLEX. Therefore, osteopathic students should take both exams if they want to have the most options when applying for residency.

It was announced on February 12th, 2020, that the USMLE Step 1 will become a pass/fail test in 2022. While some advocates say this will decrease overall stress for medical students, many say the burden is just shifting to the USMLE Step 2 which is not pass/fail.

It is not clear as of right now how this shift to pass/fail will impact residency selection. 

DO vs. MD: Differences in Residency Specialties, Training, and Match Rates (2022-2023)

As of the 2020 academic year, all DO and MD medical students will participate in the same process to secure positions in residency programs across the United States that are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education . This means that Allopathic and Osteopathic students will technically be competing for the same spots, where before there were specifically designated Allopathic and Osteopathic residency programs.

Because of this change in the post-graduate environment, there are some concerns about the ability for the two disciplines of medical students to compete for residency positions on a level playing field; however, the overall spread of medical students as a whole likely will not change as a result.

Historically, osteopathic programs are more likely to interview and match osteopathic students, and a number of these students were already able to secure positions at historically Allopathic programs.

According to the National Residency Match Program (NRMP) , 91.6% of osteopathic medical students successfully placed into a PGY1 position in 2023 versus 93.7% of allopathic students.

Keep in mind that the specialties and programs these two groups match into are quite different, however.

Ultra competitive specialties, such as otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, and dermatology to name a few, are very competitive for all applicants and even tougher for osteopathic residency applicants. Review the National Residency Matching Program residency match data here .

Nearly 20% of osteopathic medical students pursue careers in family medicine. Why? In part this specialty is well-aligned with osteopathic principles and because matching in to more competitive specialties is very difficult.

The top five specialty tracks for osteopathic medical students last year were:

• Internal medicine: 1,688
• Family medicine: 1,511
• Emergency medicine: 730
• Pediatrics: 608
• Psychiatry: 403

The percentage of osteopathic students who matched in to five of the most competitive specialties were:

• Otolaryngology: 23
• Orthopedic surgery: 119
• Dermatology: 5
• Neurosurgery: 3
• Radiation oncology: 0

As you can see, a small number of osteopathic medical students comprise the most competitive specialties in medicine so an osteopathic degree may limit the specialties you can pursue.

DO vs. MD: Medical Practice and Career

In the end, the differences between both allopathic and osteopathic physicians do not get in the way of the primary purpose of the profession: providing quality care to their patients. Both physician disciplines are equally capable of providing care in any environment, whether it’s the operating room, the hospital floor, the emergency room, the urgent care facility, or the private office. In fact, most allopathic and osteopathic physicians practice in the same way.

DO vs. MD Salary

DO and MD graduates make similar salaries across specialties. Ultimately, a physician’s salary depends less on the degree and more about the chosen specialty. MD physicians are more likely to earn higher salaries overall, but, this is because more allopathic medical school graduates tend to specialize and pursue the most lucrative specialties in medicine.

A higher percentage of DO physicians practice in lower-earning primary care specialties.

Final Thoughts

When sitting down and deciding which medical career path to take, take into account the differences between the two medical educations and your competitiveness for each path. Think about your future goals, career, and salary ideals.

You can have a fulfilling career in both education tracks.

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Inline predictive text shows single and multi-word predictions as you type that can be added by tapping space bar (iPhone 12 and later)

Safari and Passwords

Profiles keep your browsing separate for topics like work and personal, separating your history, cookies, extensions, Tab Groups, and favorites

Private Browsing enhancements include locking your private browsing windows when you’re not using them, blocking known trackers from loading, and removing identifying tracking from URLs

Password and passkey sharing lets you create a group of passwords to share with trusted contacts that stays up to date as members of the group make changes

One-time verification code AutoFill from Mail autofill in Safari so you can log in without leaving the browser

SharePlay makes it easy for everyone to control and play Apple Music in the car

Crossfade smoothly transitions between songs by fading out the currently playing song while fading in the next so the music never stops

Intelligent AirPlay device list makes finding the right AirPlay-compatible TV or speaker even easier by showing your devices in order of relevance, based on your preferences

Suggested AirPlay device connections are proactively shown to you as a notification to make it even more seamless to connect to your preferred AirPlay devices

Automatic AirPlay device connections are made between your iPhone and the most relevant AirPlay-compatible device so all you have to do is tap “Play” to begin enjoying your content

Adaptive Audio delivers a new listening mode that dynamically blends Active Noise Cancellation and Transparency to tailor the noise control experience based on the conditions of your environment (AirPods Pro (2nd generation) with firmware version 6A300 or later)

Personalized Volume adjusts the volume of your media in response to your environment and listening preferences over time (AirPods Pro (2nd generation) with firmware version 6A300 or later)

Conversation Awareness lowers your media volume and enhances the voices of the people in front of the user, all while reducing background noise (AirPods Pro (2nd generation) with firmware version 6A300 or later)

Press to mute and unmute your microphone by pressing the AirPods stem or the Digital Crown on AirPods Max when on a call (AirPods (3rd generation), AirPods Pro (1st and 2nd generation), or AirPods Max with firmware version 6A300 or later)

Offline Maps allow you to select an area you want to access, search, and explore rich information for places to download for use when your iPhone doesn’t have a Wi-Fi or cellular signal

EV routing improvements give you routes based on real-time EV charger availability for supported chargers

Option to say “Siri” in addition to “Hey Siri” for an even more natural way to make requests

Back-to-back requests can be issued without needing to reactivate Siri in between commands (iPhone 11 and later)

Visual Look Up

Expanded domains in Visual Look Up help you discover similar recipes from photos of food, Maps information from photos of storefronts, and the meaning of signs and symbols on things like laundry tags

Multiple or single subjects can be lifted from the background of photos and videos and placed into apps like Messages

Visual Look Up in Video helps you learn about objects that appear in paused video frames

Visual Look Up for subjects in photos enables you to look up information about objects you lift from photos directly from the callout bar

State of Mind reflection allows you to log your momentary emotion and daily mood, choose what factors are having the biggest impact on you, and describe your feelings

Interactive charts give you insights into your state of mind, how it has changed over time, and what factors may have influence such as exercise, sleep, and mindful minutes

Mental health assessments help you understand your current risk for depression and anxiety and if you might benefit from getting support

Screen Distance leverages the TrueDepth camera that powers Face ID to encourage you to increase the distance you view your device to reduce digital eye strain and can help reduce the risk of myopia in children

Sensitive Content Warnings can be enabled to prevent users from unexpectedly being shown images containing nudity in Messages, AirDrop, Contact Posters in the Phone app, and FaceTime messages

Expanded Communication Safety protections for children now detect videos containing nudity in addition to photos that children may receive or attempt to send in Messages, AirDrop, Contact Posters in the Phone app, FaceTime messages, and the system Photo picker

Improved sharing permissions give you even more control over what you share with apps, with an embedded photo picker and an add-only Calendar permission

Link tracking protection removes extra information from links shared in Messages, Mail, and Safari Private Browsing that some websites use in their URLs to track you across other websites, and links still work as expected

Accessibility

Assistive Access distills apps and experiences to their essential features in Phone and FaceTime, Messages, Camera, Photos, and Music, including large text, visual alternatives, and focused choices to lighten cognitive load

Live Speech lets you type what you want to say and have it be spoken out loud in phone calls, FaceTime calls, and for in-person conversations

Personal Voice enables users who are at risk of losing their voice to privately and securely create a voice that sounds like them on iPhone, and use it with Live Speech in phone and FaceTime calls

Point and Speak in Magnifier Detection Mode uses iPhone to read text out loud on physical objects with small text labels, such as keypads on doors and buttons on appliances

This release also includes other features and improvements:

Roadside Assistance via satellite lets you contact AAA to help you with vehicle issues when out of Wi-Fi or cellular range (iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro, iPhone 14 Pro Max)

Pets in the People album in Photos surfaces individual pets in the album just like friends or family members

Photos Album widget lets you select a specific album from the Photos app to appear in the widget

Item sharing in Find My allows you to share an AirTag or Find My network accessory with up to five other people

Activity History in Home displays a recent history of events for door locks, garage doors, security systems, and contact sensors

Grid Forecast in Home shows when your electrical grid has cleaner energy sources available (Contiguous US only)

Grocery Lists in Reminders automatically group related items into sections as you add them

Inline PDFs and document scans in Notes are presented full-width, making them easy to view and mark them up

New Memoji stickers in Keyboard include Halo, Smirk, and Peekaboo

App Shortcuts in Spotlight Top Hit offer you app shortcuts to your next action when you search for an app

Redesigned Sharing tab in Fitness provides highlights of your friends’ activity like workout streaks and awards

Email or phone number sign-in lets you sign into your iPhone with any email address or phone number listed in your Apple ID account

New drawing tools in Freeform include a fountain pen, watercolor brush, ruler and more to create expressive boards

Crash Detection optimizations (iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro, iPhone 14 Pro Max)

Some features may not be available for all regions or on all Apple devices. For more information, please visit this website:

https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-17

Some features may not be available for all regions or on all iPhone models. For information on the security content of Apple software updates, please visit this website:

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Convenience store chain with hundreds of outlets in 6 states hit with discrimination lawsuit

President Joe Biden’s limosine is seen outside Sheetz, where the President stopped enroute to Pittsburgh International Airport, Wednesday, April 17, 2024, in Pittsburgh, Pa. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

President Joe Biden is greeted after walking into a Sheetz after stopping enroute to Pittsburgh International Airport, Wednesday, April 17, 2024, in Pittsburgh, Pa. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon))

President Joe Biden walks into a Sheetz after stopping enroute to Pittsburgh International Airport, Wednesday, April 17, 2024, in Pittsburgh, Pa. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

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The Sheetz convenience store chain has been hit with a lawsuit by federal officials who allege the company discriminated against minority job applicants.

Sheetz Inc., which operates more than 700 stores in six states, discriminated against Black, Native American and multiracial job seekers by automatically weeding out applicants whom the company deemed to have failed a criminal background check, according to U.S. officials.

President Joe Biden stopped by a Sheetz for snacks this week while campaigning in Pennsylvania.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission filed suit in Baltimore against Altoona, Pennsylvania-based Sheetz and two subsidary companies, alleging the chain’s longstanding hiring practices have a disproportionate impact on minority applicants and thus run afoul of federal civil rights law.

Sheetz said Thursday that it “does not tolerate discrimination of any kind.”

“Diversity and inclusion are essential parts of who we are. We take these allegations seriously. We have attempted to work with the EEOC for nearly eight years to find common ground and resolve this dispute,” company spokesperson Nick Ruffner said in a statement.

The privately held, family-run company has more than 23,000 employees and operates convenience stores and gas stations in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Ohio and North Carolina.

The lawsuit was filed in federal court on Wednesday, the day Biden stopped at a Sheetz market on a western Pennsylvania campaign swing , buying snacks, posing for photos and chatting up patrons and employees.

Federal officials said they do not allege Sheetz was motivated by racial animus, but take issue with the way the chain uses criminal background checks to screen job seekers. The company was sued under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits workplace discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion and national origin.

“Federal law mandates that employment practices causing a disparate impact because of race or other protected classifications must be shown by the employer to be necessary to ensure the safe and efficient performance of the particular jobs at issue,” EEOC attorney Debra M. Lawrence said in a statement.

“Even when such necessity is proven, the practice remains unlawful if there is an alternative practice available that is comparably effective in achieving the employer’s goals but causes less discriminatory effect,” Lawrence said.

It wasn’t immediately clear how many job applicants have been affected, but the agency said Sheetz’s unlawful hiring practices date to at least 2015.

The EEOC, an independent agency that enforces federal laws against workplace discrimination, is seeking to force Sheetz to offer jobs to applicants who were unlawfully denied employment and to provide back pay, retroactive seniority and other benefits.

The EEOC began its probe of the convenience store chain after two job applicants filed complaints alleging employment discrimination.

The agency found that Black job applicants were deemed to have failed the company’s criminal history screening and were denied employment at a rate of 14.5%, while multiracial job seekers were turned away 13.5% of the time and Native Americans were denied at a rate of 13%.

By contrast, fewer than 8% of white applicants were refused employment because of a failed criminal background check, the EEOC’s lawsuit said.

The EEOC notified Sheetz in 2022 that it was likely violating civil rights law, but the agency said its efforts to mediate a settlement failed, prompting this week’s lawsuit.