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Choosing Between a Thesis or Non-thesis Master's Degree

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•       Resources       Choosing Between a Thesis or Non-thesis Master's Degree

As of 2015, approximately 25.4 million Americans held advanced degrees , with more citizens joining these ranks each year. As studies continue to show the career advancement and salary benefits of completing a master's degree, more and more students elect to pursue advanced educations. When considering their options, many question whether to enroll in a master's requiring a thesis or not. The following guide examines some of the reasons degree seekers may want to write a thesis while also highlighting why they might not. Students on the fence about this important decision can find expert advice, actionable tips, and relevant guidance to help them make an informed choice in the guide that follows.

Understanding the Master's Thesis

What is the difference between a thesis & non-thesis master's program, the decision not to do a thesis.

As students research various master's programs in their chosen discipline, it's common to find that many degrees require a thesis – especially if they want to enter a research-heavy field. While this word gets thrown around a lot in academia, some learners may want more information regarding what it entails in order to make an informed decision.

What is a Master's Thesis?

The master's thesis is an original piece of scholarship allowing the student to dig into a topic and produce an expanded document that demonstrates how their knowledge has grown throughout the degree program. These documents require significant independent research of primary and secondary sources and, depending on the subject, may require interviews and/or surveys to support the overarching argument.

Individual schools and departments dictate the length of these documents, but they typically range between 60 and 100 pages – or approximately 20,000 to 40,000 words. While tackling a document of such heft may seem overwhelming at first, learners need not fret. Each master's candidate receives a faculty advisor early in their tenure to provide support, feedback, and guidance throughout the process. Because the final thesis is expected to be of a publishable quality, learners seeking the highest marks typically send their supervisor excerpts of the document as they write to ensure they are on the right track.

When picking a thesis topic, no magical formula exists. Students should consider their interests and read extensively on that topic to get a better sense of existing scholarship. They should also speak to other academics working in that sphere to familiarize themselves with ongoing projects. Only after they feel reasonably well-read should they begin looking for uncovered angles or interesting ways of using emerging methodologies to bring new light to the topic.

When considering formatting, degree seekers should check with their specific schools and departments, as they may have unique requirements. To get a general understanding of what to expect, learners can review Simon Fraser University's guidelines on thesis formatting. After completing the thesis, some programs require an oral defense before a committee while others read the document and provide a grade. Check with your prospective schools to get a better sense of procedure.

Format & Components of a Master's Thesis

While this guide attempts to provide helpful and actionable information about the process of deciding whether to follow a thesis or non-thesis track in a master's program, readers should remember that specific components and requirements of a thesis vary according to discipline, university, and department. That being said, some commonalities exist across all these – especially when it comes to what students must include in their final drafts.

As the first section a reader encounters after moving through the table of contents and other anterior text, the introductory allows the writer to firmly establish what they want to accomplish. Sometimes also called the "research question" section, the introductory must clearly state the goals of the paper and the overarching hypothesis guiding the argument. This should be written in a professional yet accessible tone that allows individuals without specializations in the field to understand the text.

This section allows learners to demonstrate their deep knowledge of the field by providing context to existing texts within their chosen discipline Learners review the main bodies of work, highlighting any issues they find within each. Constructive criticism often centers around shortcomings, blind spots, or outdated hypotheses.

Students use this section to explain how they went about their work. While scientists may point to a specific method used to reach conclusions, historians may reference the use of an emerging framework for understanding history to bring new light to a topic. The point of this section is to demonstrate the thought processes that led to your findings.

This section allows for learners to show what they learned during the research process in a non-biased way. Students should simply state what information they gathered by utilizing a specific framework or methodology and arrange those findings, without interpretation, in an easy-to-read fashion.

After providing readers with all the necessary information, the discussion section exists for candidates to interpret the raw data and demonstrate how their research led to a new understanding or contributed a unique perspective to the field. This section should directly connect to the introduction by reinforcing the hypothesis and showing how you answered the questions posed.

Even though the previous sections give prospective degree seekers a better sense of what to expect if they decide to write a thesis during their master's program, they don't necessarily help learners decide whether to pursue a thesis or non-thesis track. The following section highlights some of the reasons students frequently choose to complete a thesis or bypass the process altogether by providing a pros and cons list.

Why a Thesis Program

• Especially when entering a research-heavy discipline, completing a thesis shows prospective schools and employers that you possess the skills needed for researching and writing long-form reports.
• Students hoping to pursue a Ph.D. stand in better stead with admissions panels if they wrote a thesis during a master's program.
• Individuals hoping to enter a field that values syntax and grammar often better their writing skills by completing a thesis.
• Students who write a thesis can submit the final product to various academic journals, increasing their chances of getting published.
• Theses expand students' understanding of what they're capable of, deepen their ability to carry out an argument, and develop their skills in making connections between ideas.

Why a Non-thesis Program

• Because they don't require a significant written product, non-thesis master's tend to take less time to complete.
• Often mirrors a bachelor's program in terms of structure, allowing learners to complete classes and take exams without a great deal of research or writing.
• Students who excel in project-based assignments can continue building skills in this arena rather than focusing on skills they don't plan to use (e.g. research)
• Provides learners the opportunity to work more closely and more frequently with faculty on real-world projects since they don't spend hundreds of hours researching/writing.
• Allows learners to take more classes and gain hands-on skills to fill the time they would have spent researching and writing a thesis.

How to Choose a Master's Program: FAQs

Within some academic disciplines and professional fields, research and writing plays a key role in work done on a daily basis. Because of this, master's programs in these fields require learners to complete theses to compete against peers and be seen as competent in their work. Other disciplines, conversely, rely on other tools to accomplish work and progress ideas – making theses less important.

Yes. Master's programs focused more on application than research typically don't require a thesis – although they may still give students the option. Examples of common non-thesis master's programs include nursing, business, and education.

Even though non-thesis students won't be writing a 100-page paper, that doesn't mean they avoid completing a significant project. In place of a thesis, most applied master's programs require students to take part in at least one internship or complete a culminating project. These projects typically ask learners to take what they learned throughout coursework and create an expansive final project – examples include case studies, creative works, or portfolios.

While students who followed a non-thesis path routinely receive acceptance to Ph.D. programs, those with theses often find the process easier. Even if a learner pursues a Ph.D. in a discipline that isn't research-heavy, admissions panels still want to get a sense of your academic interests and ability to engage in independent, nuanced thought. Students with theses can provide solid proof of these skills, while those without may struggle to demonstrate preparedness as thoroughly.

The answer to this question depends on many factors, but typically it is okay not to do a thesis if you plan to enter a field that doesn't depend heavily on research or writing, or if you don't plan to complete a Ph.D.

Students wanting to work in academic, research, or writing should always opt for the thesis track. They should also follow this path if they have any doctoral degree aspirations.

Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to complete a thesis rests with the individual student. Figuring out how to proceed on this front requires lots of careful consideration, and learners should ensure they consider various aspects before coming to a final decision. The following section helps students consider how they should and should not come to a conclusion.

Dos and Don'ts of Choosing a Thesis or Non-thesis Program

• Consider the longevity of your decision: will you feel the same in 5-10 years or are you making a decision based on current desires?
• Talk to others who with experience in this area. Ask them questions about their decision-making process and if they regret their choice.
• Research potential thesis topics before starting a program. Going in with a game plan can help you feel more confident and settled about the process than if you're scrambling for a topic while in school.
• Reach out to prospective schools to speak with faculty and/or current students following both tracks. This will provide knowledge specific to the school while also expanding your network if you choose to attend there.
• Research Ph.D. entrance requirements to ascertain if the majority expect learners to possess a thesis when applying. This will give you a sense of whether you may experience issues later on if you do not complete one.
• Decide not to complete a thesis simply because you have never taken on such a task and feel overwhelmed or fearful that you will fail.
• Complete a thesis simply because you think it will look good on your resume. Theses require intense devotion over an extended amount of time; learners who complete them without conviction often find the process miserable.
• Forget to research alternatives to writing a thesis. Just because you don't complete a research paper doesn't mean a non-thesis track lacks rigor or challenging coursework.
• Forget to read examples of theses by previous students. If you feel overwhelmed by the task, reading work other people have done can often make the task at hand feel less scary.
• Let yourself off easy by taking the non-thesis path. If you find you have extra time in the program, talk to your advisor about taking more classes, develop meaningful projects for yourself, or see about presenting at an academic conference.

From the Expert

Sudiksha Joshi, Ph.D. is a learning advocate. Her mission is to empower our youth to think bigger, bolder thoughts and forge a career path that will change the world. She taps into her natural curiosity and ability to identify strengths to help students and those in transition find their path from feeling lost in the traditional ways of achieving success to charting their own path. Her work has been featured in Forbes, Huffington Post, Thrive Global, Medium and LinkedIn.

Why might a student decide to follow a thesis track? Why might they follow a non-thesis track?

A student might decide to take a thesis track if she/he wants to pursue a Ph.D. Also, if the students want to focus on careers where research and writing have a strong focus, the students opt for the thesis option. Research assistantships at the graduate level are also more often available to students who opt for the thesis option.

A student who might feel that writing is not one of their strengths might choose to go the non-thesis track. Likewise, a student who has other work commitments may find a non-thesis option more convenient.

Do you have any tips for deciding on a program?

I chose a thesis option because being able to conduct independent research was a big reason to go to graduate school. Also, showing the ability that I could do research was what afforded me research assistantships which meant that my tuition was paid for and I got a stipend that paid for expenses while I was in graduate school. This also allowed me the opportunity to work closely with the faculty mentor that provided me with the support and the accountability I wanted.

I would not recommend taking a non-thesis option if all the degree requires is for you to take courses. You have little to show in terms of your learning other than your grades unless you are already working on something on the side that does that for you and all you need is a certificate.

Opt for a non-thesis option if you can still work closely with a professor or on a project and if you'd rather be involved in multiple projects rather than focus on a single project. If you already have a good (informed) reason for choosing one over the other, go for it.

What's the most important thing to consider when choosing a program?

The most important thing to consider when choosing a program is getting excited about the projects that at least one of the faculty members are involved in. Do some research and see why you are excited about a particular work that at least one of the faculty members have been involved in.

Who should students talk to when considering options?

Students should talk to other students and also reach out directly to the graduate coordinator and even individual faculty members. This means that students should have done prior homework and have some good questions ready. Asking good questions will get you at least halfway through to make the right decision.

• October 15, 2023
• Academic Advice

Thesis vs. Non-Thesis Master’s Programs: Which is Right for You?

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Continuing your educational journey within your chosen field is an experience that fosters personal and professional growth. The next milestone in your academic path often involves pursuing a Master’s degree , with options ranging from thesis-based programs to non-thesis alternatives.  Deciding between these two paths is significant as it shapes your academic and career paths.

But how can you decide which is right for you before getting decision fatigue?

Let’s explore the difference between thesis vs. non-thesis Master’s programs, their unique characteristics, and reasons for choosing one or the other. 

Do You Have to Write a Thesis for Your Master’s Program?

Whether you have to write a thesis for your Master’s program depends on the specific requirements of the program you’re enrolled in. It’s important to note that while not all Master’s programs require writing a thesis, a significant number of them do.

What is a Thesis vs. Non-Thesis Master’s Program?

A thesis Master’s program involves completing a large research project spanning over several semesters. Students are expected to conduct original research on a specific topic under a faculty advisor’s guidance, culminating in a thesis likely to be published. Completing and defending the thesis is a crucial part of the degree requirement.

A non-thesis Master’s program doesn’t involve a specific research focus but rather a more coursework and practical experience, allowing students to gain specific skills and knowledge applicable to their field of study. After completing their program’s core course requirements, students can choose any of the electives to meet their degree requirements. Depending on the institution, you may be required to do a Master’s Degree Capstone project, including reviewing previous courses, a comprehensive exam, or a summary project. 

Why Choose a Thesis Master’s Program?

Thesis Master’s programs offer several advantages, be that contributing to new findings in your field, close collaboration with professors and researchers, and standing out to potential employers with your abilities to work independently and analyze complex issues. However, the primary advantages are:

Research Experience

Thesis programs allow you to conduct extensive research on a specific topic that piques your interest.  This way, you’ll gain expertise and a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. 

Academic Growth 

Writing a thesis helps sharpen your critical thinking, analytical, and writing skills. It also challenges you to think independently, analyze a large amount of data, and draw meaningful conclusions. Furthermore, it prepares you for doctoral studies, familiarizing you with the rigor of independent research and equips you with the necessary skills to succeed.

Why Choose a Non-Thesis Master’s Program?

Non-thesis master’s programs also come with numerous advantages for students, including flexibility in scheduling, a range of career opportunities, shorter competition time, etc. Here are the main advantages: 

Non-thesis programs prioritize coursework, fostering the development of practical skills and their real-world application. This approach enables you to actively engage in hands-on learning experiences highly sought after in today’s job market. Critical thinking, communication, problem-solving, and leadership abilities are some of those skills.

Suitability for Professionals

Another advantage to pursuing a non-thesis Master’s program is that it doesn’t take as much time as the thesis Master’s programs. That way you can enter the workforce faster. It’s also well-suited for professionals already established in their field who are seeking to further their education and advance in their careers. 

The Academic and Career Outcomes of Thesis vs. Non-Thesis Master’s Programs

The academic outcomes for the thesis Master’s program graduates involve preparation for Ph.D. programs , opening doors to advanced research and specialized roles in research institutions. This provides solid research skills and helps them publish their work. Common career paths for graduates include research positions in academia, government, or private sectors. Some also pursue teaching careers in colleges and universities. Degree programs that usually require a thesis include sciences, social sciences, engineering, and humanities (history, philosophy, and language studies).

Non-thesis Master’s program graduates typically achieve academic outcomes focused on mastering practical, directly applicable skills within their field. While these programs are more career-oriented, graduates can still pursue a Ph.D. They can benefit from diverse career options in different settings and find employment in managerial, administrative, or specialized roles in their field. Degree programs that don’t usually require a thesis are business, education, healthcare administration, IT management, etc.

Thesis vs. Non-Thesis Master’s Programs, That is the Question 

With their abundance of advantages, choosing between the two can be pretty tricky. So, let’s compare thesis vs. non-thesis Master’s programs and help you make an informed decision. 

Personal and Career Goals

A thesis Master’s program is ideal if you’re interested in furthering in academia and want to pursue a Ph.D ., as these programs can provide the necessary tools to enhance your credentials for research-based careers. Meanwhile, a non-thesis Master’s program will suit you better if you’re seeking to gain practical skills to integrate into the industry immediately, as they can include practical projects or internships according to industry demands. 

Time and Financial Considerations

Thesis Master’s programs can extend the duration of your studies, as researching, writing, and defending the thesis can take several semesters to complete and can cause financial strain due to additional costs like lab fees and materials. In contrast, non-thesis ones can help you enter the job market promptly as they are shorter, allowing you to save time and money.

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Field of Study and Program Requirements

When deciding between a thesis and a non-thesis Master’s program, a crucial element to take into account is the field of study and the program’s specific requirements. A thesis Master’s program is better suited for those pursuing research-oriented fields, while a non-thesis program is a more fitting choice for individuals with a strong focus on their career. Furthermore, program requirements for thesis programs require substantial research to culminate in a thesis, whereas non-thesis ones require capstone projects, internships, or comprehensive exams. 

Switching from a Non-Thesis to a Thesis Master’s Program, or Vice Versa

Switching from a non-thesis to a thesis Master’s program, or vice versa, is possible in many institutions, although the process and requirements may vary. Switching from a non-thesis to a thesis program generally requires getting approval from the academic advisor or department, completing additional research methodology classes, finding a thesis advisor, and applying to the thesis program. 

Switching from a thesis to a non-thesis Master’s program requires having at least a 3.0 GPA, getting approval from the academic advisor, transferring credits of research methodology classes, and formally applying to the thesis program.

Choosing between a thesis and a non-thesis Master’s program ultimately depends on your career goals, research interests, and personal preferences. Thesis programs provide a robust foundation for research-oriented careers and advanced studies, while non-thesis programs offer practical skills tailored for immediate industry integration. Regardless of your choice, both paths offer unique advantages, ensuring you gain the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in your chosen field. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

What is the difference between a thesis vs. non-thesis master’s program.

The key difference between a thesis and a non-thesis Master’s program is that thesis Master’s programs require original research and completion of a thesis, whereas non-thesis ones focus on coursework and practical experiences. 

Do I have to write a thesis for a Master’s program?

If you’re pursuing a research-oriented Master’s degree in sciences, engineering, social sciences, humanities, etc., you’ll probably have to write a thesis. Whereas, if you’re pursuing a Master’s degree in education, business healthcare administration, or IT management, you’re more likely not to have to complete a thesis. 

Is a thesis required for all Master’s degree programs?

Although a thesis isn’t required for all master’s degree programs, many programs require one.

What should I consider when deciding between a thesis and non-thesis program?

There are several factors to consider when choosing between a thesis and a non-thesis Master’s program, including your career goals, interest in research, duration of studies, personal strengths and preferences, cost, and program requirements.

Are there any financial and duration differences between thesis and non-thesis Master’s programs?

There can be financial and duration differences between thesis and non-thesis Master’s programs. Thesis programs can be more expensive as you’ll have to spend additional resources on materials, lab fees, and data collection. In contrast, the main cost for non-thesis programs is tuition fees, which can be slightly lower. Furthermore, thesis programs require additional time to conduct research, write, and defend the thesis. In contrast, non-thesis programs allow students to earn the degree in a shorter period. 

Why should I choose a thesis Master’s program?

You should choose a thesis Master’s program if you’re interested in a research-heavy discipline and want to showcase your knowledge and expertise in an evidence-based, thorough thesis. 

Why should I choose a non-thesis Master’s program?

You should choose a non-thesis Master’s program if you want to enter the workforce earlier, don’t want to spend several semesters collecting data, and want to focus more on application than research.

Can non-thesis Master’s graduates still pursue doctoral studies later?

Yes, non-thesis Master’s graduates can still get accepted into a doctoral program. However, thesis Master’s graduates can go through the process more efficiently, as admissions panels want to gain insight into your academic interests and ability to engage in nuanced thought.

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What is a Thesis-Based vs. Course-Based Master’s Degree?

Generally, there are two paths that an international student can take in receiving their Masters Degree.

• One way is through a course-based program, and the other is through a thesis-based program.
• A course-based program is basically like your undergraduate degree: you take a certain amount of courses for a certain amount of credit, and once you pass those you receive your degree.
• A thesis-based program differs greatly from that.
• Thesis based degrees require you take fewer courses, and one or two substantially larger and more committed courses.
• In these courses, you perform your research and work on writing your thesis, which is typically based upon an original research topic of your choosing.

How Do You Choose?

Oftentimes, it can be difficult to choose between which types of masters program you wish to complete. Perhaps the most important factor in deciding which type of route to take is asking yourself what you wish to do after the completion of the program.

For example, if you wish to be a teacher or professor or have some sort of job that revolves around research, perhaps a thesis-based route would be best for you. On the other hand, a course-based program is usually completed faster and can sometimes give you a head start in the particular industry you wish to specialize in.

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The thesis-based path provides a number of pros and cons.

• First off, it is considered the more ‘traditional’ path. Oftentimes, this is the path to a master’s degree offered more commonly than the course-based.
• Completing a thesis-based program also can set you, an international student , up better to participate in a doctorate program upon completion of the masters program.
• Also, the scope of the research you will perform in a thesis-based program is smaller than the research you would perform in a doctorate program.
• Oftentimes, one of the biggest cons to a thesis-based program is the time it takes to complete.
• This path typically takes significantly longer than the course-based option.
• Also, another potential setback to thesis-based courses is that it could limit your future to research like positions and does not set one up as well for business or management decisions.
• We strongly suggest that you perform some of your own research to see if the thesis-based route is the one for you.

One of the biggest pros of the course-based route is that it typically is completed much quicker than the alternative.

• This works out nicely if you are trying to get your degree in a hurry or if you want to try and receive two degrees, for example.
• Also, course-based usually works out better when you do not intend to follow it up with another degree at the doctorate level.
• Another typically big pro about course-based work is that it tends to not narrow your prospective employment like how thesis-based can sometimes narrow employment to research based positions.
• There are, however, some cons as well with course-based work.
• One of them is that if you complete a course-based program and later decide that you would like to complete a degree at the doctorate level, you may have to complete and/or perform some work to show that you are ready to complete a degree at the level and so you can show your abilities to perform at that level.
• Another setback to this path is that all the learning is done in the classroom, so it leaves out the practical learning aspect.
• It also does not bolster your research skills as well as the thesis-based approach, and also does not prepare as well for technical specialization.

Choosing what program works best for you can oftentimes prove difficult. In addition, it can be even harder to international student loan options once you decide on a program. If you have any questions about scholarships or other options for finding funding to study in the U.S. please visit us at  www.nomadcredit.com . We’d be happy to help you search and compare options for  education loans or study loans , too. Please send us an email at  [email protected]  if you have any questions! We are happy to help.

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Course-based Vs Research-based Master’s Programs || Which Is Best For You?

Ebere Nsofor

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If getting a master’s degree is in your academic or career plans, then you need to fully understand what it entails. Getting a master’s degree is a great way to advance your career or kick-start a new career. However, there are different types of master’s degrees offered by universities. This article will discuss course-based and research-based masters to help you understand what they mean and how they are different.

Course-based programs

Course-based master’s degree programs are designed for students who want to learn new skills, gain knowledge, and advance their careers. These structured programs offer students a set of courses to complete for their degree. The courses are designed to provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in their chosen careers.

Research-based programs

Research-based master’s degree programs are designed for students who want to conduct research, develop new knowledge, and contribute to their field. These programs are research-intensive and require students to conduct original research and write a thesis or dissertation. The research conducted should contribute to the knowledge base of the field.

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Differences between Course-Based and Research-Based Master’s Degree Programs

Though both programs have their unique advantages, they are tailored to different career goals and learning styles. Here are four major differences between course-based programs and research-based degree programs:

• Approach to learning

The main difference between course-based and research-based master’s degree programs is the approach to learning. As earlier stated, course-based programs offer students a set of courses to complete for their degree. These programs are often referred to as taught master’s programs and are structured around a predetermined curriculum.

On the other hand, research-based programs are not structured, and students have to conduct their research independently. This program requires students to be self-motivated, independent, and have excellent research skills.

2. Duration

Another difference between course-based and research-based master’s degree programs is the length of time it takes to complete the program. Course-based programs typically take one to two years to complete, while research-based programs usually take two to three years to complete due to the time required for extensive research. Course-based programs are an excellent choice for people looking to advance their careers quickly.

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3. Purpose  

Course-based master’s degree programs are designed to equip students with practical skills and knowledge directly applicable to their chosen profession. Students can choose from a variety of courses and tailor their programs to meet their interests and career goals.

Research-based programs, however, are research-intensive and require students to conduct original research and write a thesis or dissertation. Students have the freedom to choose their research topic and conduct their research independently. Research-based master’s degrees are best for students interested in pursuing academic careers or roles that require advanced research skills.

4. Curriculum and Assessment

While course-based programs may include a small research project, the emphasis is primarily on coursework. The majority of your time in a course-based program is spent attending lectures, seminars, and workshops. Assessment is primarily through exams, coursework, and projects.

Research-based or thesis-based programs are centred on independent research and academic exploration. The core of the program is the research thesis. The thesis serves as the culmination of the program, showcasing a student’s ability to conduct independent research, analyze data, and present findings coherently.

Now that you have an idea of the key differences between both master’s programs, you need to consider your learning style and career goals before choosing one that is right for you. If you’re looking to gain practical skills and enter a specific industry, then a course-based program will be a better choice, however, if your goal is to pursue a PhD, then, a more appropriate choice would be a research-based master’s.

Preparing to study abroad can be overwhelming, if you need further guidance on degree options, application requirements and schools to apply to for your degree or counselling regarding the best master’s degree program for you, please click here to chat with our counsellors. 

You May Also Like: Choosing A University To Study Abroad || 5 Key Things To Consider

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What kind of master’s degree is right for me?

Posted on Thursday, March 14th, 2024

Written by Jadyn Koehler, OAC undergraduate student

Deciding on a master’s program in food, agriculture, communities or the environment can be overwhelming. You might be asking yourself:

• “What’s the difference between a course-based master’s program and thesis-based?” 
• “What careers can I pursue with a master’s in agriculture and food?”
• “What is a major research project (MRP)?”
• “Do I need to find a faculty advisor?”

This article will list the key differences between a master’s by coursework and a master’s by thesis, to help you decide which is the best fit for you!

Do you want to complete more courses or research in your master’s program?

In both course-based and thesis-based master’s programs, you will be required to take some graduate level courses, but the main difference between them is how many. Course-based programs typically fall under one of two frameworks for completion: 

• A strictly coursework program: you must enroll in certain courses to earn your degree, or 
• A coursework + major research project (MRP) program: you must complete several courses in addition to a MRP to graduate. 

It may be helpful to think of a MRP as a “mini-thesis” of sorts; the scope of the project is smaller than a thesis and does not need to be a new contribution to the discipline, but it still needs to be well-researched and academically strong!

Thesis-based programs, on the other hand, are research intensive. The small number of courses you complete are more tailored to your specific research interests. To graduate, you need to complete and defend a thesis that contributes something new to your discipline. Much of your time is spent conducting research and working towards this goal.

Discover course-based and thesis-based masters programs from the Ontario Agricultural College

Complete your master’s degree in months vs. years.

Another big difference between course-based and thesis-based is the length of the program. Course-based master’s programs typically take around 1 year to complete (3-4 semesters of full-time study), while thesis-based programs are a longer commitment and are often completed in 2 years (5-6 semesters of full-time study). Remember that these are general timelines for both types of programs, but individual completion times can vary based on personal circumstances, part-time semesters, and more.

Finding an advisor for your master’s degree

The majority of the course-based master’s offered by OAC do not require you to find an advisor prior to applying. In most cases, you can find an advisor after you have been accepted into, or started, your program. 

If you’re applying to a thesis-based program, in most cases you are required to find a faculty advisor willing to advise you on your studies and research before submitting your application. Some exceptions (thesis-based master’s that don’t require students to have an advisor before applying) are the Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA) and the MSc in Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (FARE) programs. 

How to fund your master’s degree

A big draw of thesis programs is that students are often able to receive funding to help them pay for their graduate studies. Many thesis-based programs in the OAC offer master’s students a minimum stipend for each year of their program (the exact amount or if it is offered varies by department). Thesis students are also eligible for paid roles such as Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTAs), Graduate Research Assistantships (GRAs), and Graduate Service Assistantships (GSAs), and can apply for a plethora of different scholarships ranging from internal to government funded awards. 

Alternatively, course-based master’s programs are often self-funded, meaning that no guaranteed funding is offered by the department and students are largely responsible for funding their studies themselves. There are still a number of scholarships available for course-based master’s students and other opportunities for funding, such as bursaries, that can make pursuing a course-based program feasible and affordable for many students.

You can learn more about funding here: How to Finance Your Degree: Guide to Awards and Master’s Program Scholarships | Ontario Agricultural College

More comprehensive vs more specific

With both program types, you will specialize your learning in a specific area by choosing a field to focus on and will often take multiple courses on this particular field. For example, OAC’s Department of Animal Biosciences offers four different specializations within their master’s programs; a student specializing in Animal Nutrition would therefore take courses such as Advanced Animal Nutrition, Metabolism, and Techniques in Animal Nutrition Research in both the thesis and course-based programs. However, students in the course-based program are also required to take courses outside of their specialization, while thesis students typically focus on their main specialization. Thesis programs = more focused. Course-based programs = more comprehensive.

Course-based master’s programs allow students to gain a broader understanding of their chosen topic area, and with the addition of experiential learning opportunities such as workplace projects and internships, can help students prepare to enter the workforce and begin building a career in their chosen field. 

With a thesis-based program, students take that a step further and are able to delve really deeply into their area of research as they complete their thesis, effectively preparing them for future careers in research or to continue their educational journey in a PhD program, for example.  However, remember that everyone’s path is their own, and both a course-based or thesis-based program can properly prepare you for your future career and further education by giving you transferable skills, hands-on experience, and a place in the close-knit OAC community at the University of Guelph! 

You may want to consider a course-based master’s program if:

• You want a program that allows you to explore your subject area and field through a focus on coursework rather than research
• You want a program that you can complete quickly (only 1 year)
• You don’t necessarily want to find or decide on a faculty advisor right away
• You are willing to take on the responsibility of self-funding your studies
• You want to gain a comprehensive understanding of your subject area and field while completing courses and engaging in experiential learning opportunities

You may be interested in a thesis-based master’s program if:

• You want a program that is more research-intensive with less coursework requirements
• You want a longer program (2 years vs 1)
• You are willing to find a faculty advisor before applying to your program
• You would like the opportunity to receive funding during the completion of your program
• You want to learn really deeply about a specific topic while conducting your own research, and eventually write and defend a thesis

About Jadyn Koehler (she/her)

Jadyn is a motivated 4th year student at the University of Guelph currently working on completing her undergraduate degree in the Bachelor of Arts and Sciences (BAS) program with minors in History and Nutritional and Nutraceutical Sciences. She is passionate about learning, nutrition, and animals, and hopes to pursue a graduate degree (MSc) in the field of nutritional sciences next year.  

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What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

Table of Contents

A thesis is a comprehensive academic paper based on your original research that presents new findings, arguments, and ideas of your study. It’s typically submitted at the end of your master’s degree or as a capstone of your bachelor’s degree.

However, writing a thesis can be laborious, especially for beginners. From the initial challenge of pinpointing a compelling research topic to organizing and presenting findings, the process is filled with potential pitfalls.

Therefore, to help you, this guide talks about what is a thesis. Additionally, it offers revelations and methodologies to transform it from an overwhelming task to a manageable and rewarding academic milestone.

What is a thesis?

A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic.

Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research, which not only fortifies your propositions but also confers credibility to your entire study.

Furthermore, there's another phenomenon you might often confuse with the thesis: the ' working thesis .' However, they aren't similar and shouldn't be used interchangeably.

A working thesis, often referred to as a preliminary or tentative thesis, is an initial version of your thesis statement. It serves as a draft or a starting point that guides your research in its early stages.

As you research more and gather more evidence, your initial thesis (aka working thesis) might change. It's like a starting point that can be adjusted as you learn more. It's normal for your main topic to change a few times before you finalize it.

While a thesis identifies and provides an overarching argument, the key to clearly communicating the central point of that argument lies in writing a strong thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement (aka thesis sentence) is a concise summary of the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as a critical anchor in any academic work, succinctly encapsulating the primary argument or main idea of the entire paper.

Typically found within the introductory section, a strong thesis statement acts as a roadmap of your thesis, directing readers through your arguments and findings. By delineating the core focus of your investigation, it offers readers an immediate understanding of the context and the gravity of your study.

Furthermore, an effectively crafted thesis statement can set forth the boundaries of your research, helping readers anticipate the specific areas of inquiry you are addressing.

Different types of thesis statements

A good thesis statement is clear, specific, and arguable. Therefore, it is necessary for you to choose the right type of thesis statement for your academic papers.

Thesis statements can be classified based on their purpose and structure. Here are the primary types of thesis statements:

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Purpose : To convince the reader of a particular stance or point of view by presenting evidence and formulating a compelling argument.

Example : Reducing plastic use in daily life is essential for environmental health.

Analytical thesis statement

Purpose : To break down an idea or issue into its components and evaluate it.

Example : By examining the long-term effects, social implications, and economic impact of climate change, it becomes evident that immediate global action is necessary.

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Purpose : To explain a topic or subject to the reader.

Example : The Great Depression, spanning the 1930s, was a severe worldwide economic downturn triggered by a stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Cause and effect thesis statement

Purpose : To demonstrate a cause and its resulting effect.

Example : Overuse of smartphones can lead to impaired sleep patterns, reduced face-to-face social interactions, and increased levels of anxiety.

Compare and contrast thesis statement

Purpose : To highlight similarities and differences between two subjects.

Example : "While both novels '1984' and 'Brave New World' delve into dystopian futures, they differ in their portrayal of individual freedom, societal control, and the role of technology."

When you write a thesis statement , it's important to ensure clarity and precision, so the reader immediately understands the central focus of your work.

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

While both terms are frequently used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings.

A thesis refers to the entire research document, encompassing all its chapters and sections. In contrast, a thesis statement is a brief assertion that encapsulates the central argument of the research.

Here’s an in-depth differentiation table of a thesis and a thesis statement.

Now, to craft a compelling thesis, it's crucial to adhere to a specific structure. Let’s break down these essential components that make up a thesis structure

15 components of a thesis structure

Navigating a thesis can be daunting. However, understanding its structure can make the process more manageable.

Here are the key components or different sections of a thesis structure:

Your thesis begins with the title page. It's not just a formality but the gateway to your research.

Here, you'll prominently display the necessary information about you (the author) and your institutional details.

• Title of your thesis
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date
• Your Supervisor's name (in some cases)
• Your Department or faculty (in some cases)
• Your University's logo (in some cases)
• Your Student ID (in some cases)

In a concise manner, you'll have to summarize the critical aspects of your research in typically no more than 200-300 words.

This includes the problem statement, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. For many, the abstract will determine if they delve deeper into your work, so ensure it's clear and compelling.

Acknowledgments

Research is rarely a solitary endeavor. In the acknowledgments section, you have the chance to express gratitude to those who've supported your journey.

This might include advisors, peers, institutions, or even personal sources of inspiration and support. It's a personal touch, reflecting the humanity behind the academic rigor.

Table of contents

A roadmap for your readers, the table of contents lists the chapters, sections, and subsections of your thesis.

By providing page numbers, you allow readers to navigate your work easily, jumping to sections that pique their interest.

List of figures and tables

Research often involves data, and presenting this data visually can enhance understanding. This section provides an organized listing of all figures and tables in your thesis.

It's a visual index, ensuring that readers can quickly locate and reference your graphical data.

Introduction

Here's where you introduce your research topic, articulate the research question or objective, and outline the significance of your study.

• Present the research topic : Clearly articulate the central theme or subject of your research.
• Background information : Ground your research topic, providing any necessary context or background information your readers might need to understand the significance of your study.
• Define the scope : Clearly delineate the boundaries of your research, indicating what will and won't be covered.
• Literature review : Introduce any relevant existing research on your topic, situating your work within the broader academic conversation and highlighting where your research fits in.
• State the research Question(s) or objective(s) : Clearly articulate the primary questions or objectives your research aims to address.
• Outline the study's structure : Give a brief overview of how the subsequent sections of your work will unfold, guiding your readers through the journey ahead.

The introduction should captivate your readers, making them eager to delve deeper into your research journey.

Literature review section

Your study correlates with existing research. Therefore, in the literature review section, you'll engage in a dialogue with existing knowledge, highlighting relevant studies, theories, and findings.

It's here that you identify gaps in the current knowledge, positioning your research as a bridge to new insights.

To streamline this process, consider leveraging AI tools. For example, the SciSpace literature review tool enables you to efficiently explore and delve into research papers, simplifying your literature review journey.

Methodology

In the research methodology section, you’ll detail the tools, techniques, and processes you employed to gather and analyze data. This section will inform the readers about how you approached your research questions and ensures the reproducibility of your study.

Here's a breakdown of what it should encompass:

• Research Design : Describe the overall structure and approach of your research. Are you conducting a qualitative study with in-depth interviews? Or is it a quantitative study using statistical analysis? Perhaps it's a mixed-methods approach?
• Data Collection : Detail the methods you used to gather data. This could include surveys, experiments, observations, interviews, archival research, etc. Mention where you sourced your data, the duration of data collection, and any tools or instruments used.
• Sampling : If applicable, explain how you selected participants or data sources for your study. Discuss the size of your sample and the rationale behind choosing it.
• Data Analysis : Describe the techniques and tools you used to process and analyze the data. This could range from statistical tests in quantitative research to thematic analysis in qualitative research.
• Validity and Reliability : Address the steps you took to ensure the validity and reliability of your findings to ensure that your results are both accurate and consistent.
• Ethical Considerations : Highlight any ethical issues related to your research and the measures you took to address them, including — informed consent, confidentiality, and data storage and protection measures.

Moreover, different research questions necessitate different types of methodologies. For instance:

• Experimental methodology : Often used in sciences, this involves a controlled experiment to discern causality.
• Qualitative methodology : Employed when exploring patterns or phenomena without numerical data. Methods can include interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.
• Quantitative methodology : Concerned with measurable data and often involves statistical analysis. Surveys and structured observations are common tools here.
• Mixed methods : As the name implies, this combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

The Methodology section isn’t just about detailing the methods but also justifying why they were chosen. The appropriateness of the methods in addressing your research question can significantly impact the credibility of your findings.

Results (or Findings)

This section presents the outcomes of your research. It's crucial to note that the nature of your results may vary; they could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mix of both.

Quantitative results often present statistical data, showcasing measurable outcomes, and they benefit from tables, graphs, and figures to depict these data points.

Qualitative results , on the other hand, might delve into patterns, themes, or narratives derived from non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.

Regardless of the nature of your results, clarity is essential. This section is purely about presenting the data without offering interpretations — that comes later in the discussion.

In the discussion section, the raw data transforms into valuable insights.

Start by revisiting your research question and contrast it with the findings. How do your results expand, constrict, or challenge current academic conversations?

Dive into the intricacies of the data, guiding the reader through its implications. Detail potential limitations transparently, signaling your awareness of the research's boundaries. This is where your academic voice should be resonant and confident.

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

Based on the insights derived from your research, this section provides actionable suggestions or proposed solutions.

Whether aimed at industry professionals or the general public, recommendations translate your academic findings into potential real-world actions. They help readers understand the practical implications of your work and how it can be applied to effect change or improvement in a given field.

When crafting recommendations, it's essential to ensure they're feasible and rooted in the evidence provided by your research. They shouldn't merely be aspirational but should offer a clear path forward, grounded in your findings.

The conclusion provides closure to your research narrative.

It's not merely a recap but a synthesis of your main findings and their broader implications. Reconnect with the research questions or hypotheses posited at the beginning, offering clear answers based on your findings.

Reflect on the broader contributions of your study, considering its impact on the academic community and potential real-world applications.

Lastly, the conclusion should leave your readers with a clear understanding of the value and impact of your study.

References (or Bibliography)

Every theory you've expounded upon, every data point you've cited, and every methodological precedent you've followed finds its acknowledgment here.

In references, it's crucial to ensure meticulous consistency in formatting, mirroring the specific guidelines of the chosen citation style .

Proper referencing helps to avoid plagiarism , gives credit to original ideas, and allows readers to explore topics of interest. Moreover, it situates your work within the continuum of academic knowledge.

To properly cite the sources used in the study, you can rely on online citation generator tools  to generate accurate citations!

Here’s more on how you can cite your sources.

Often, the depth of research produces a wealth of material that, while crucial, can make the core content of the thesis cumbersome. The appendix is where you mention extra information that supports your research but isn't central to the main text.

Whether it's raw datasets, detailed procedural methodologies, extended case studies, or any other ancillary material, the appendices ensure that these elements are archived for reference without breaking the main narrative's flow.

For thorough researchers and readers keen on meticulous details, the appendices provide a treasure trove of insights.

Glossary (optional)

In academics, specialized terminologies, and jargon are inevitable. However, not every reader is versed in every term.

The glossary, while optional, is a critical tool for accessibility. It's a bridge ensuring that even readers from outside the discipline can access, understand, and appreciate your work.

By defining complex terms and providing context, you're inviting a wider audience to engage with your research, enhancing its reach and impact.

Remember, while these components provide a structured framework, the essence of your thesis lies in the originality of your ideas, the rigor of your research, and the clarity of your presentation.

As you craft each section, keep your readers in mind, ensuring that your passion and dedication shine through every page.

Thesis examples

To further elucidate the concept of a thesis, here are illustrative examples from various fields:

Example 1 (History): Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807 by Suchait Kahlon.

Example 2 (Climate Dynamics): Influence of external forcings on abrupt millennial-scale climate changes: a statistical modelling study by Takahito Mitsui · Michel Crucifix

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Evaluating your thesis ensures that your research meets the standards of academia. Here's an elaborate checklist to guide you through this critical process.

Content and structure

• Is the thesis statement clear, concise, and debatable?
• Does the introduction provide sufficient background and context?
• Is the literature review comprehensive, relevant, and well-organized?
• Does the methodology section clearly describe and justify the research methods?
• Are the results/findings presented clearly and logically?
• Does the discussion interpret the results in light of the research question and existing literature?
• Is the conclusion summarizing the research and suggesting future directions or implications?

Clarity and coherence

• Is the writing clear and free of jargon?
• Are ideas and sections logically connected and flowing?
• Is there a clear narrative or argument throughout the thesis?

Research quality

• Is the research question significant and relevant?
• Are the research methods appropriate for the question?
• Is the sample size (if applicable) adequate?
• Are the data analysis techniques appropriate and correctly applied?
• Are potential biases or limitations addressed?

Originality and significance

• Does the thesis contribute new knowledge or insights to the field?
• Is the research grounded in existing literature while offering fresh perspectives?

Formatting and presentation

• Is the thesis formatted according to institutional guidelines?
• Are figures, tables, and charts clear, labeled, and referenced in the text?
• Is the bibliography or reference list complete and consistently formatted?
• Are appendices relevant and appropriately referenced in the main text?

Grammar and language

• Is the thesis free of grammatical and spelling errors?
• Is the language professional, consistent, and appropriate for an academic audience?
• Are quotations and paraphrased material correctly cited?

Feedback and revision

• Have you sought feedback from peers, advisors, or experts in the field?
• Have you addressed the feedback and made the necessary revisions?

Overall assessment

• Does the thesis as a whole feel cohesive and comprehensive?
• Would the thesis be understandable and valuable to someone in your field?

Ensure to use this checklist to leave no ground for doubt or missed information in your thesis.

After writing your thesis, the next step is to discuss and defend your findings verbally in front of a knowledgeable panel. You’ve to be well prepared as your professors may grade your presentation abilities.

Preparing your thesis defense

A thesis defense, also known as "defending the thesis," is the culmination of a scholar's research journey. It's the final frontier, where you’ll present their findings and face scrutiny from a panel of experts.

Typically, the defense involves a public presentation where you’ll have to outline your study, followed by a question-and-answer session with a committee of experts. This committee assesses the validity, originality, and significance of the research.

The defense serves as a rite of passage for scholars. It's an opportunity to showcase expertise, address criticisms, and refine arguments. A successful defense not only validates the research but also establishes your authority as a researcher in your field.

Here’s how you can effectively prepare for your thesis defense .

Now, having touched upon the process of defending a thesis, it's worth noting that scholarly work can take various forms, depending on academic and regional practices.

One such form, often paralleled with the thesis, is the 'dissertation.' But what differentiates the two?

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Often used interchangeably in casual discourse, they refer to distinct research projects undertaken at different levels of higher education.

To the uninitiated, understanding their meaning might be elusive. So, let's demystify these terms and delve into their core differences.

Here's a table differentiating between the two.

Wrapping up

From understanding the foundational concept of a thesis to navigating its various components, differentiating it from a dissertation, and recognizing the importance of proper citation — this guide covers it all.

As scholars and readers, understanding these nuances not only aids in academic pursuits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the relentless quest for knowledge that drives academia.

It’s important to remember that every thesis is a testament to curiosity, dedication, and the indomitable spirit of discovery.

Good luck with your thesis writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

A thesis typically ranges between 40-80 pages, but its length can vary based on the research topic, institution guidelines, and level of study.

A PhD thesis usually spans 200-300 pages, though this can vary based on the discipline, complexity of the research, and institutional requirements.

To identify a thesis topic, consider current trends in your field, gaps in existing literature, personal interests, and discussions with advisors or mentors. Additionally, reviewing related journals and conference proceedings can provide insights into potential areas of exploration.

The conceptual framework is often situated in the literature review or theoretical framework section of a thesis. It helps set the stage by providing the context, defining key concepts, and explaining the relationships between variables.

A thesis statement should be concise, clear, and specific. It should state the main argument or point of your research. Start by pinpointing the central question or issue your research addresses, then condense that into a single statement, ensuring it reflects the essence of your paper.

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What to Think About When Choosing Between a Thesis & Non-Thesis Master’s Degree

When choosing a graduate program, you’ll find that you may have to decide between pursuing either a thesis or non-thesis master’s degree. Although employers do not consider which you choose during the hiring process, your decision can significantly impact the skills you acquire in your academic career. 

What Is the difference?

A non-thesis master’s degree focuses on coursework . Students are immersed into projects and learning environments that help strengthen their knowledge in their field. Similar to undergraduate programs, a non-thesis program is structured around assignments, group and individual projects, and exams. Research may be included somewhere in the program, but it is primarily focused on helping students achieve skills that will help them become more successful in their careers. This degree path typically has more courses than a non-thesis degree but can be completed in a shorter amount of time.

A thesis master’s degree is more research intensive. Students who aim to work on a thesis can expect to do more reading and writing as they specialize their knowledge. The coursework is generally centered around preparation for a final thesis, building their skills in research, data collection, analysis, and writing. Professors act more as guides and advisors who help students clarify their goals and aid in their research projects and thesis development. Master’s theses are a great primer for anyone looking to pursue a Ph.D., as research skills will be crucial in the development of a dissertation.

Which One Should You Choose?

Ultimately, there is no right or wrong degree path. Both degrees offer a quality education that can help you excel. One thing to consider when deliberating is why you’re pursuing your graduate degree. If you’re going back to college to help you change fields or get to that next level of your career, a non-thesis master’s degree can help you get there. If you want to dive into a career in research and development or pursue a Ph.D., a thesis master’s degree may be more worthwhile. 

Another thing to consider is your learning style. What methods of learning do you enjoy more? If you thrive in group projects and assignments, a non-thesis degree may be more efficient in helping you retain information. For those of you independent thinkers who love to dive deeply into subjects, you might relish in the idea of the research needed in the production of a thesis. Think about what type of academic environment will motivate you to earn your degree. 

Here are 7 questions that you can ask yourself to help you decide:

• What are my career goals?
• Where do I see myself in 5 to 10 years?
• What motivated me to pursue a master’s degree in the first place?
• What are my plans after graduation?
• Do I want to learn in a classroom setting, or do I want to be more independent?
• Am I interested in learning about research?
• How much writing do I want in my program?

If you have any questions or want to learn more about what each program has to offer, reach out to your school’s faculty and admissions officers. After all, the most important thing about a program isn’t the name of the degree, but what you gain from it.

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Pursuing a non-thesis master’s degree: Is it worth it?

When navigating the world of master’s programs, the plethora of choices can be bewildering. For instance, prospective candidates often grapple with questions regarding the nature and value of non-thesis master’s degrees. To demystify these programs and provide clarity, delve into this guide to gain insights into commonly asked questions about non-thesis master’s degrees and equip yourself with the knowledge needed to determine whether such a program aligns with your academic and career goals.

What is a non-thesis master’s degree?

The difference between non-thesis and thesis master’s degrees, how common are non-thesis master’s degree, the length of a thesis vs. non-thesis master’s degree, reasons to pursue a non-thesis master’s degree, how to decide whether a non-thesis master’s degree is right for you.

A non-thesis master’s degree, also known as a coursework-based master’s degree, is a graduate program where students typically do not need to complete a research-based thesis as a requirement for graduation.

These programs are often more focused on coursework, examinations, projects, or practical experience.

Instead of conducting original research and writing a thesis, students in non-thesis master’s programs primarily take courses and complete a set number of credits or specific coursework.

Non-thesis master’s programs are common in various fields, especially in disciplines where practical skills and knowledge are more important than conducting independent research. For example, non-thesis master’s programs are often found in business administration (MBA), education (M.Ed.), public administration, healthcare administration, and some engineering and technology-related fields.

A non-thesis master’s degree can be definitely worth it is you are aware of the differences and decide that this option best fits to your ambitions, learning style and future career prospects.

A non-thesis master’s degree can undoubtedly be worth it, provided that you are well-informed about the distinctions between program types and have carefully concluded that this option aligns with your aspirations, preferred learning approach, and the potential pathways it offers for your future career.

In contrast to a non-thesis master’s degree, thesis-based master’s programs require students to conduct original research, write a thesis based on their research findings, and defend their thesis in front of a committee of faculty members. The choice between a thesis and a non-thesis master’s program often depends on the goals and career aspirations of the student and the requirements of the specific program or institution.

It’s crucial to understand that a thesis-based master’s degree isn’t exclusively tailored for those aspiring to enter academia or pursue a Ph.D. In fact, a significant majority of individuals pursuing a master’s program that includes a thesis ultimately find their paths in various professional fields.

Engaging in a thesis offers a unique opportunity to delve deeply into a specific subject, foster independence in research, and gain invaluable experience in project management. It involves conceiving an idea, structuring a project, and executing it, reflecting a multifaceted skill set.

A thesis-based master’s degree serves as a testament to one’s complex analytical thinking, as well as their unwavering determination.

However, it’s important to note that this does not imply that non-thesis master’s degrees are inherently inferior or misguided choices. The decision to pursue a non-thesis program should be a well-considered one, grounded in a thorough assessment of your personal motivations and objectives.

Non-thesis master’s degrees vary in prevalence across different regions. In many European contexts, for instance, most master’s programs tend to culminate with a more extensive project that necessitates original research. However, internships and practical projects also hold a stronger presence in many programs.

Furthermore, the prevalence of non-thesis master’s degrees is significantly influenced by the academic discipline in question. For instance, these degrees are more commonly found in fields like business and education as compared to social sciences or humanities.

Non-thesis master’s programs are designed to equip students with practical skills and knowledge that can be immediately applied in a professional context, as opposed to focusing on original research. In several European countries, these programs may be referred to as “professional” or “applied” master’s degrees, emphasizing practical training and real-world experience.

Additionally, in some contexts non-thesis master’s programs might maintain a research-oriented element, where students are expected to complete a final project or a capstone experience that could involve some original research or data analysis, albeit usually less extensive than a traditional thesis.

In general, non-thesis master’s degrees are relatively less prevalent, and their particular structure and prerequisites exhibit variations not only between countries but also among different universities.

Consequently, conducting comprehensive research to comprehend the specific program requirements and expectations is of paramount importance prior to applying.

It is erroneous to assume that a non-thesis master’s degree requires less time to complete than a master’s program with a thesis component.

It’s essential not to conflate thesis and non-thesis master’s degrees with one-year or two-year master’s programs . In fact, many one-year programs do incorporate a thesis component.

Thus, if your primary goal is expediency and obtaining a degree within a shorter timeframe, the question of whether to pursue a non-thesis master’s degree may not be the most relevant one to consider.

Pursuing a non-thesis master’s degree can offer unique advantages for individuals with diverse career goals and learning preferences:

• Interest in practical and applied knowledge: Non-thesis programs often emphasize practical, hands-on knowledge that can be immediately applied in real-world scenarios.
• Leadership development: Many non-thesis degree programs place a stronger focus on leadership skills, preparing students for roles where practical skills are essential in leading projects or teams.
• Broadening career opportunities: Some fields, like business and education, highly value practical skills and knowledge, and a non-thesis master’s can open doors to a wider range of career opportunities.
• Balancing work and study: For individuals who are working professionals or have other commitments, non-thesis programs can be more accommodating in terms of managing work-study balance.
• Lack of interest in research or academic writing: Some students may simply prefer coursework over extensive research and thesis writing, finding non-thesis programs a better fit for their academic and career goals.

Choosing the ideal master’s degree program is a significant decision, and it’s essential to align your academic journey with your aspirations. Pursuing a non-thesis master’s degree presents distinctive benefits that cater to a wide range of career objectives and learning styles. To make an informed choice, ponder the following questions:

• What are your career goals and aspirations? Think about the specific roles or industries you want to work in after completing your master’s degree.
• Do you enjoy research and academic writing? Consider your preferences for in-depth research and thesis writing as some programs require these components.
• Do you value practical, real-world experience? Assess whether you prioritize hands-on learning and the application of knowledge in practical settings.
• What are the specific industry requirements in your field of interest? Research whether non-thesis or thesis-based programs are more aligned with the expectations of your desired industry.
• What is your learning style? Reflect on your preferences for coursework, projects, and presentations versus extensive research and academic writing.
• What type of assessment methods do you find engaging? Determine if you enjoy diverse evaluation methods, such as projects, presentations, and coursework, or if you prefer a single research-based project.

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How to Choose Between Course-Based and Thesis-Based Master’s Programs in Canada

• January 13, 2024
• Office of Outreach and Relationships

Pursuing a Master’s degree in Canada while working full-time can be a challenging yet rewarding endeavor. One of the important decisions you need to make is whether to choose a course-based or thesis-based program. Both options have their pros and cons, and it’s essential to consider factors such as your career goals, research interests, and time commitments. In this article, we will explore the differences between course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada to help you make an informed decision.

Key Takeaways

• Course-based master’s programs provide a comprehensive understanding of a field through coursework and offer flexibility for individuals with full-time jobs.
• Thesis-based master’s programs emphasize research and independent study, providing academic rigor and the opportunity to contribute to the existing knowledge in a field.
• Consider your career goals and research interests to choose a program that aligns with your long-term aspirations and passion for the subject matter.
• Evaluate the time commitments required for each program and assess your ability to balance work responsibilities and academic commitments.
• Explore program requirements, assessments, and networking opportunities to ensure a good fit with your strengths, preferences, and future prospects.

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Understanding Course-Based Master’s Programs

Course-based master’s programs in Canada are a popular choice for individuals looking to deepen their knowledge in a specific field through coursework. These programs require students to complete a set number of courses, providing them with a comprehensive understanding of their chosen area of study.

One of the advantages of course-based programs is the flexibility they offer. Students have the freedom to complete their coursework at their own pace, making it a suitable option for those with full-time jobs. This flexibility allows you to balance your professional commitments while pursuing your master’s degree.

In course-based programs, you’ll have the opportunity to choose from a variety of electives, allowing you to tailor your education to your specific interests and goals. Some programs even offer specializations or concentration areas, enabling you to focus on specific aspects of your field of study. This specialization can enhance your expertise and make you a highly sought-after professional in your industry.

Completing coursework in a course-based program provides a practical and hands-on approach to learning. Through assignments, projects, and examinations, you’ll gain valuable skills and knowledge that can be directly applied to real-world situations. This practical focus can significantly contribute to your professional development, preparing you for leadership roles and career advancement opportunities.

The image below highlights the diverse coursework and flexibility offered in course-based master’s programs:

Whether you’re looking to enhance your skills, change career paths, or gain a deeper understanding of your field, a course-based master’s program can provide you with the necessary knowledge and flexibility to achieve your academic and professional goals. Take advantage of the specialized coursework, customizable options, and practical learning opportunities offered in course-based programs to set yourself up for success.

Exploring Thesis-Based Master’s Programs

Thesis-based master’s programs in Canada offer a unique opportunity to delve deep into research and independent study. These programs are designed to foster academic rigor and intellectual growth by requiring students to conduct original research and write a thesis. With the guidance of a faculty advisor, students embark on a journey of exploration and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in their chosen field.

Throughout the thesis-based program, students work closely with a thesis committee, consisting of experts in the field who provide valuable guidance and feedback. This collaborative approach ensures that students receive the necessary support and mentorship to refine their research questions, design methodologies, and analyze data.

The research aspect of thesis-based programs offers numerous benefits, including the opportunity to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By conducting original research, students build a strong foundation in their area of study and gain a deep understanding of the research process.

Additionally, thesis-based programs provide a platform for students to contribute to the academic community through publications, presentations, and conferences. These experiences not only enhance their knowledge but also help establish their credibility and professional reputation within their field of interest.

However, it is important to note that thesis-based programs often require a significant time commitment. The extensive research and writing involved can be challenging for those with full-time jobs. It is crucial for prospective students to carefully evaluate their time management skills and determine if they have the capacity to balance work, studies, and personal commitments.

Despite the time commitment, thesis-based master’s programs offer a unique and rewarding academic experience. The opportunity to engage in in-depth research, collaborate with renowned experts, and contribute to the academic landscape can be immensely fulfilling for individuals passionate about their field of study.

Whether you choose a thesis-based program or a course-based program, it is important to carefully consider your academic goals, research interests, and personal commitments. By understanding the distinctive features of thesis-based programs, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your aspirations and sets you on a path of academic excellence.

Considering Career Goals and Research Interests

When deciding between course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada, it’s crucial to consider your career goals and research interests.

Course-based programs are often more suitable for individuals seeking to gain specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area to enhance their professional development. These programs offer a structured curriculum with a wide range of courses to choose from, allowing you to tailor your studies to align with your career goals. By completing coursework in your desired field, you can acquire the practical skills and knowledge necessary to excel in your chosen profession. Additionally, course-based programs often provide opportunities for internships, co-op placements, and industry collaborations, further enhancing your career prospects.

On the other hand, thesis-based programs are ideal for those interested in pursuing research-oriented careers or further studies at the doctoral level. These programs offer the chance to delve deep into a specific research area and make original contributions to the field. By working closely with faculty advisors and engaging in independent research, you can develop critical thinking, analytical, and problem-solving skills that are highly valued in research-based professions. Thesis-based programs also provide opportunities to present your research at conferences and publish your findings, further establishing your expertise and credibility within the academic community.

It’s important to align your program choice with your long-term goals and passion for the subject matter. Consider where you see yourself in the future and how each program can help you reach those aspirations. Reflect on your research interests and whether you are more inclined towards practical application or scholarly inquiry. By choosing a program that aligns with your career goals and research interests, you can ensure a rewarding and fulfilling academic journey.

Assessing Time Commitments

Pursuing a Master’s degree in Canada while working a full-time job requires careful consideration of time commitments. When deciding between course-based and thesis-based programs, program duration is an important factor to consider. Course-based programs typically have a shorter duration compared to thesis-based programs since they primarily focus on coursework. This shorter duration can be beneficial for individuals juggling work and studies.

On the other hand, thesis-based programs require a more significant investment of time and effort due to the research and thesis writing components. Conducting original research and writing a thesis involves a substantial time commitment, which may be challenging for those with full-time jobs. Students in thesis-based programs must allocate sufficient time for data collection, analysis, and writing, along with engaging with their thesis committee.

Before making your program choice, it’s crucial to assess your ability to balance your work responsibilities and academic commitments. Reflect on your current workload, your work-life balance goals, and your capacity to dedicate the necessary time and effort to your program of choice. Consider whether a shorter duration with a focus on coursework or an extended commitment to research aligns better with your personal and professional goals.

Exploring Program Requirements and Assessments

When deciding between course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada , it’s important to understand the program requirements and assessments involved. Course-based programs typically require you to complete a specified number of courses, assignments, and examinations. This structure allows you to gain a broad understanding of the field through coursework and demonstrates your ability to apply knowledge effectively.

In contrast, thesis-based programs focus on independent research, where you’ll delve deeper into a specific area of interest and contribute to the field’s existing body of knowledge. In these programs, you’ll undertake original research, write a thesis, and often defend your work through an oral examination. This research-centric approach fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills.

The image below illustrates the different requirements and assessments in course-based and thesis-based master’s programs:

As you consider your strengths and preferences, think about how coursework, research, and examinations align with your learning style and career goals. If you enjoy a structured learning environment and prefer applying theory to practical situations, a course-based program may be the right fit. On the other hand, if you’re passionate about research and want to contribute new knowledge to your field, a thesis-based program could provide the academic rigor and opportunities you seek.

Regardless of the program type, it’s crucial to carefully review the program requirements, such as the number of courses or the thesis length, and ensure they align with your time availability and commitments. Additionally, consider the type of assessment that resonates with your learning style and allows you to demonstrate your knowledge effectively.

Networking and Collaborative Opportunities

Both course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada offer a wealth of networking and collaborative opportunities that can significantly enhance your academic and professional journey. These opportunities allow you to connect with like-minded individuals, forge valuable professional connections, and contribute to the academic community in meaningful ways.

In course-based programs, you’ll have the chance to interact with your peers and esteemed faculty members through engaging group projects, lively discussions, and thought-provoking seminars. These collaborative experiences foster a supportive and dynamic learning environment, where you can exchange ideas, gain diverse perspectives, and build lasting professional relationships within your field.

Networking for Professional Connections

Networking in course-based programs opens doors to a wide range of professional connections. By actively engaging with your classmates and professors, you gain access to a network of professionals who share your passion and can offer valuable insights and opportunities. From informal conversations during breaks to formal networking events, you have numerous chances to connect with individuals who can become valuable mentors, collaborators, or future employers.

These professional connections can be particularly advantageous for those pursuing career-centric goals. Networking provides access to industry-specific information, job opportunities, and career advice that can accelerate your professional growth and help you stay updated with the latest trends and developments.

Collaborative Opportunities in Thesis-Based Programs

In thesis-based programs, you’ll have the unique opportunity to collaborate with renowned researchers within your field of study. Working alongside experts in their respective domains, you can contribute to cutting-edge research projects, expand your knowledge base, and make meaningful contributions to your academic discipline.

Thesis-based programs often provide opportunities to attend conferences, present your research findings, and publish your work in academic journals, further increasing your visibility within the academic community. These experiences allow you to connect with peers and experts from around the world, expanding your professional network and fostering collaborations that can have a lasting impact on your academic and research career.

By actively participating in networking and collaborative opportunities, you not only enhance your knowledge and skills but also pave the way for future collaborations and career advancements. Whether you choose a course-based or thesis-based program, make sure to consider the type of connections and collaborative experiences that align with your career goals, ultimately enriching your academic journey.

Funding and Scholarships

When pursuing a Master’s degree in Canada while working full-time, funding and scholarships are crucial in ensuring you have the financial support you need. While research funding opportunities are more commonly available in thesis-based programs, it’s important to note that course-based programs may also offer scholarships and assistantship positions.

Exploring the funding options available for both program types is essential in making an informed decision. Research the scholarships offered by universities, external organizations, and government agencies. These scholarships can provide the financial support you need to pursue your degree without placing excessive strain on your full-time job.

In addition to scholarships, assistantship positions are worth considering. These positions often come with a stipend or tuition remission and can help alleviate the financial burden of pursuing a Master’s degree. Talk to program coordinators or faculty advisors to learn more about assistantship opportunities and how they can provide you with the necessary financial support.

Remember, funding and scholarships can significantly impact your ability to pursue a Master’s degree in Canada while working full-time. Take the time to explore and consider all available options, ensuring that you make a well-informed decision that aligns with your financial situation and supports your academic and career goals.

Considering Future Prospects and Employability

When choosing between course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada , you must carefully consider the future prospects and employability each option offers. Course-based programs focus on developing practical skills and knowledge directly applicable to the job market. The emphasis on practicality enhances your immediate employability and opens doors for career advancement opportunities.

On the other hand, thesis-based programs provide you with valuable research experience and the opportunity to contribute to the academic community. This research-oriented approach can be highly beneficial if you’re considering a career in research or planning to pursue further academic studies, such as a Ph.D.

When making your decision, think about your long-term career goals and the skills and experiences that will best support your desired path. Consider the immediate employability boost that course-based programs offer, as well as the long-term benefits of research opportunities and contributions to the academic field provided by thesis-based programs.

Seeking Guidance and Making an Informed Decision

Making an informed decision between course-based and thesis-based master’s programs in Canada requires guidance from faculty advisors and program coordinators. These experts possess valuable insights into the structure, requirements, and outcomes of each program.

To make an informed decision, engage in conversations with professors and professionals in your field of interest. Attend program information sessions to gather comprehensive information and ask questions to clarify any doubts or concerns.

The guidance provided by faculty advisors and program coordinators will help you obtain a thorough understanding of the available options and make a decision that aligns with your career aspirations, research interests, and work-life balance.

Remember, seeking guidance allows you to make an informed decision that sets you on the path towards a successful and fulfilling academic journey.

Pursuing a Master’s degree in Canada with a full-time job requires careful consideration of various factors. When choosing between course-based and thesis-based programs, it is essential to assess your career goals, research interests, time commitments, program requirements, and future prospects.

By evaluating these considerations and seeking guidance from faculty advisors and program coordinators, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your aspirations and work-life balance. Remember to prioritize your long-term goals and passion for the subject matter to ensure a fulfilling and successful academic journey.

Ultimately, whether you choose a course-based or thesis-based program, both options offer unique benefits and challenges. The key is to choose a program that suits your individual goals and circumstances. With the right decision-making process and careful consideration, you can pursue your Master’s degree in Canada while balancing your full-time job and unlocking new opportunities for professional growth and personal fulfillment.

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• Dissertation
• What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on 15 September 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on 5 December 2023.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a PhD program in the UK.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Indeed, alongside a dissertation , it is the longest piece of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

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Table of contents

Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

• A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarise the central points of your academic essay .
• A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement to complete a PhD program.
• In many countries, particularly the UK, a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.
• In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

• Your discipline
• Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section ,  results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

• Example thesis #1:   ‘Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the “Noble Savage” on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807’ by Suchait Kahlon.
• Example thesis #2: ‘”A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man”: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947’ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

• Your full title
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional. Its main point is to allow you to thank everyone who helped you in your thesis journey, such as supervisors, friends, or family. You can also choose to write a preface , but it’s typically one or the other, not both.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Read more about abstracts

A table of contents lists all of your sections, plus their corresponding page numbers and subheadings if you have them. This helps your reader seamlessly navigate your document.

Your table of contents should include all the major parts of your thesis. In particular, don’t forget the the appendices. If you used heading styles, it’s easy to generate an automatic table Microsoft Word.

Read more about tables of contents

While not mandatory, if you used a lot of tables and/or figures, it’s nice to include a list of them to help guide your reader. It’s also easy to generate one of these in Word: just use the ‘Insert Caption’ feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

If you have used a lot of industry- or field-specific abbreviations in your thesis, you should include them in an alphabetised list of abbreviations . This way, your readers can easily look up any meanings they aren’t familiar with.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

Relatedly, if you find yourself using a lot of very specialised or field-specific terms that may not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary . Alphabetise the terms you want to include with a brief definition.

Read more about glossaries

An introduction sets up the topic, purpose, and relevance of your thesis, as well as expectations for your reader. This should:

• Ground your research topic , sharing any background information your reader may need
• Define the scope of your work
• Introduce any existing research on your topic, situating your work within a broader problem or debate
• State your research question(s)
• Outline (briefly) how the remainder of your work will proceed

In other words, your introduction should clearly and concisely show your reader the “what, why, and how” of your research.

Read more about introductions

A literature review helps you gain a robust understanding of any extant academic work on your topic, encompassing:

• Selecting relevant sources
• Determining the credibility of your sources
• Critically evaluating each of your sources
• Drawing connections between sources, including any themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing work. Rather, your literature review should ultimately lead to a clear justification for your own research, perhaps via:

• Addressing a gap in the literature
• Building on existing knowledge to draw new conclusions
• Exploring a new theoretical or methodological approach
• Introducing a new solution to an unresolved problem
• Definitively advocating for one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyses the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter shows your reader how you conducted your research. It should be written clearly and methodically, easily allowing your reader to critically assess the credibility of your argument. Furthermore, your methods section should convince your reader that your method was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

• Your overall approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative )
• Your research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
• Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment
• Any tools or materials you used (e.g., computer software)
• The data analysis methods you chose (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
• A strong, but not defensive justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. These two sections work in tandem, but shouldn’t repeat each other. While your results section can include hypotheses or themes, don’t include any speculation or new arguments here.

Your results section should:

• State each (relevant) result with any (relevant) descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
• Explain how each result relates to the research question
• Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Additional data (like raw numbers or interview transcripts ) can be included as an appendix . You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results.

Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is where you can interpret your results in detail. Did they meet your expectations? How well do they fit within the framework that you built? You can refer back to any relevant source material to situate your results within your field, but leave most of that analysis in your literature review.

For any unexpected results, offer explanations or alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your thesis conclusion should concisely answer your main research question. It should leave your reader with an ultra-clear understanding of your central argument, and emphasise what your research specifically has contributed to your field.

Why does your research matter? What recommendations for future research do you have? Lastly, wrap up your work with any concluding remarks.

Read more about conclusions

In order to avoid plagiarism , don’t forget to include a full reference list at the end of your thesis, citing the sources that you used. Choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your thesis, taking note of the formatting requirements of each style.

Which style you choose is often set by your department or your field, but common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

In order to stay clear and concise, your thesis should include the most essential information needed to answer your research question. However, chances are you have many contributing documents, like interview transcripts or survey questions . These can be added as appendices , to save space in the main body.

Read more about appendices

Once you’re done writing, the next part of your editing process begins. Leave plenty of time for proofreading and editing prior to submission. Nothing looks worse than grammar mistakes or sloppy spelling errors!

Consider using a professional thesis editing service to make sure your final project is perfect.

Once you’ve submitted your final product, it’s common practice to have a thesis defense, an oral component of your finished work. This is scheduled by your advisor or committee, and usually entails a presentation and Q&A session.

After your defense, your committee will meet to determine if you deserve any departmental honors or accolades. However, keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality. If there are any serious issues with your work, these should be resolved with your advisor way before a defense.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5-7% of your overall word count.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

If you only used a few abbreviations in your thesis or dissertation, you don’t necessarily need to include a list of abbreviations .

If your abbreviations are numerous, or if you think they won’t be known to your audience, it’s never a bad idea to add one. They can also improve readability, minimising confusion about abbreviations unfamiliar to your reader.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organise your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation, such as:

• Your anticipated title
• Your abstract
• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

George, T. (2023, December 05). What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/thesis-ultimate-guide/

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Canadian Master’s and PhD programs

At our universities you will find the following programs if you are interested on a master’s, this could help you decide which one is a better fit for you: some tips that could also help you:.

• Think about what you hope to do after the program, usually students contemplating a PhD or an academic career are better served with a thesis based program.
• The  thesis-based program offers better preparation for a PhD program .
• The course-based program will offer you more time to pursue other learning opportunities, like an internship , for example, or other networking opportunities.
• At CALDO universities you will find more options of thesis-based masters Admission. For a thesis-based Master’s you will need a supervisor which may make the admission process a bit more complex. On the other hand, some course-based Master’s will require evidence of professional experience (e.g. MBA).

For more information on how to apply see the Steps to Apply section.

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Florida Space Grant Consortium Dissertation and Thesis Improvement Fellowship

About the scholarship.

The Florida Space Grant Consortium Dissertation and Thesis Improvement Fellowship is open to master's or doctoral students in space science and engineering at participating universities and institutions that are affiliates of the FSGC. Students who enroll in thesis-based programs or who have advanced to candidacy are eligible to apply.

• Essay Required : No
• Need-Based : No
• Merit-Based : No
• Resident of the U.S.
• Graduate or doctoral student
• Seeking a graduate degree or Ph.D
• Studying and writing a thesis or dissertation on improvement in the fields of space sciences and engineering
• Planning to attend school in Florida
• U.S. citizen
• Country : US