university of toronto phd law

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University of toronto law school, juridical science (s.j.d.), program information, admission requirements.

* The entrance grade may change from year to year. Please contact the school for further information. * We make every attempt to provide accurate information on prerequisites, programs, and tuition. However, this information is subject to change without notice and we highly recommend that you contact the school to confirm important information before applying.

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University of Toronto Faculty of Law

The information on this page was provided by the law school.

Official Guide to Canadian JD Programs

Important Information for Applicants to Ontario Law Schools

Introduction

The Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto offers unparalleled opportunities for the study of law. The Faculty is committed to creating a genuine intellectual community in which each of its members—students and professors alike—work closely in developing a deep, critical understanding of the strengths and limitations of law and legal institutions. 

Our students are highly educated, extremely diverse, and deeply committed to justice at home and around the world. Academically, they are the strongest student body in the country and are among the top in North America. Students come to our law school with an extraordinary mix of racial, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds and experiences; intellectual interests; and political commitments. 

The relatively small size of our student body, combined with its diversity, affords distinctive opportunities for the exchange of ideas among students and faculty, and fosters a sense of community at the law school.

JD Student Body in 2020–2021

• 2,204 first-year applicants
• 221 first-year students
• 643 total full time
• 9 half time
• 11 percent identify as LGBTQ+ or two-spirited
• 37 percent minority
• 56 percent women
• 70 percent were born in Canada
• 81 percent are first in their family to attend law school
• More than 50 undergraduate schools represented
• 65 full time
• 146 part time or adjunct
• 8 distinguished visitors

More than 60 full-time faculty members and visiting scholars from across the globe create an intellectually robust and exciting academic environment for the study of law. Internationally renowned for their research excellence, faculty members have published ground-breaking books with major academic publishing houses and leading articles in important national and international journals. 

Our interdisciplinary strength and intellectual diversity is reflected in many ways: in the breadth and innovation of our curriculum, in the range of our collaborative and combined programs, and in the vibrant academic workshops and lecture series held each year. The sheer size of our teaching complement supports a faculty-to-student ratio of 1:11—one of the best among law schools in North America.

JD Academic Program

Degrees, combined degrees, certificates and collaborative programs:

• JD Full-time
• JD Half‑time
• JD/MA (Criminology)
• JD/MA (Economics)
• JD/MA (English)
• JD/MA (European and Russian Affairs)
• JD/MGA (Global Affairs)
• JD/MI (Information)
• JD/MPP (Public Policy)
• JD/MSW (Social Work)
• JD/PhD (Criminology)
• JD/PhD (Economics)
• JD/PhD (Philosophy)
• JD/PhD (Political Science)
• JD/Certificate in Aboriginal Legal Studies
• JD/Certificate in Environmental Studies
• JD/Certificate in Sexual Diversity and Gender Studies
• JD/Collaborative Program in Jewish Studies

The first-year curriculum includes those courses that are common to many law school curricula:

• Constitutional Law
• Contracts Law
• Criminal Law
• Property Law
• Legal Process
• Professionalism and Ethics
• Legal Research and Writing

Several other features make our first-year program special. Each first-year law student takes one of the core courses in a small-group class of no more than 20 students. UofT also provides students a two week-long intensive course in Legal Methods before core classes begin meeting.

The courses in the second and third years are primarily electives, and are chosen from an extensive curriculum of over 100 courses. Every upper-year student must engage in an oral advocacy competition; take at least one class that focuses on the nature, source, and purpose of legal regulation (a critical perspectives course); take at least one class that focuses on international, comparative, or transnational law, a course on legal ethics, and Administrative Law. While there are no majors or minors, there are many areas of focus to explore for legal career paths.

Experiential Learning & Professional Experience

The Faculty of Law has a number of exciting programs and clinics , including:

• Aboriginal Law Program
• Centre for Innovation Law and Policy
• David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights
• Downtown Legal Services (DLS) - criminal law
• DLS - employment law
• DLS - family law
• DLS - immigration & refugee law
• DLS - tenant housing law
• DLS - university affairs
• International Human Rights Program
• Investor Protection Clinic
• Pro Bono Students Canada

There are also a variety of international student exchange and work-abroad opportunities available in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Middle East.

Financial Aid (Canadian currency listed)

The Faculty of Law’s tuition fees pay for all the things—world-class faculty , clinical and internship opportunities, combined-degree programs , and career services , to name a few—that allow us to offer one of the best legal educations in the world. In 2020–2021, tuition fees for one year in the full-time JD program was CAD $33,040 for domestic students (Canadian citizens and permanent residents), and CAD $54,320 for international students (study permit/student visa).

We have the highest top-line tuition among Canadian law schools. This is why we also have one of the most generous financial aid programs in Canada for domestic students. In 2019–2020, we distributed over $4.3 million in bursaries and interest loan payments to 82 percent of students who successfully applied to our aid program.

With the law school’s financial support, in 2019–2020 our first-year students receiving assistance got an average UofT Law bursary of $12,500. An estimate of the financial aid package can be obtained immediately by using our online Financial Aid Calculator . In addition, we provided more than $100,000 in funding for internships and research assistantships during the summer of 2020.

Students from the USA may use FAFSA funding for studying at the University of Toronto.

Career Services

The University of Toronto’s Career Development Office (CDO) is staffed by two full-time advisors who provide extensive consultation and information to assist students in pursuing their individual career goals. The CDO prepares students to successfully secure legal and law-related positions in Canada and elsewhere, and facilitates the on-campus recruitment visits of Canadian and American law firms. 

The CDO offers students a comprehensive program of panels and workshops, individual career counseling, interview coaching, and résumé reviews. For students seeking public interest law careers, the CDO provides a wide array of programs and resources. 

Our graduates enjoy unmatched success in securing summer, articling, and associate placements at law firms throughout Canada and the United States, as well as in industry, public interest, and government, including clerkships at all levels of Canadian courts. The law school’s strong academic reputation is well understood by prospective employers, and is reflected in the 98 percent articling placement rate we achieved in 2020. Further details are available at our Career Development Office webpage.

For first-year law students, there is guaranteed on-campus housing for:

• 27–30 rooms in Graduate House , which is a university apartment complex
• 2 apartments in Student Family Housing for students with children, or who are partnered/married/common-law. 

Other housing options include university residences, independent residences, and off-campus flats, apartments, and rooms, all within easy walking or commuting distance of the law school. Information on student housing is available from the University of Toronto Housing Service s at 416.978.8045.

Library and Physical Facilities

An extensive online collection of journals, books, case law, and legislation from all the major common law jurisdictions

A core print collection of Canadian and international texts

6 full-time law librarians

Hours: 88 hours per week during the academic year; 100 hours per week at the end of term and during exams

Access to computers, printers, and scanners

The law library staff and collections support teaching, research, and scholarship at the Faculty of Law. In addition to the key public and private law treatises from common law jurisdictions, the collection features specializations in Aboriginal law, international trade, international human rights, law and economics, and legal philosophy. Interdisciplinary research is supplemented by the rich resources of the University of Toronto library system, one of the five largest research library systems in North America.

Our physical location provides an exceptional opportunity for studying law in Canada’s largest urban centre, an exciting multicultural city of 2.8 million people with a richness and cultural diversity no other city can match. Nestled in the heart of old Toronto, bordered by the tranquil tree-lined pathways of Philosopher’s Walk, the Faculty of Law is just steps away from the provincial legislature, the Ontario Court of Appeal and Superior Courts, and the country’s largest legal and financial district. 

The uniqueness of the UT experience extends to its charming heritage buildings and classrooms. Two architecturally beautiful buildings, Flavelle House and Falconer Hall, house the classrooms that make up our law school. The Bora Laskin Law Library, named after one of the faculty’s finest scholars and the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1973–1984), is housed in the award-winning, state-of-the-art Jackman Hall, opened in 2016.

Tours and Admission Information Sessions

View the video tour of the law school video tour of the law school and get your questions answered by our admissions advisors at an in-person or remote admission information session .

Admission Overview for Entry in 2021

Over 2,200 qualified candidates apply each year for the 200 places in the first-year class.

First-year courses begin in mid-late August, while upper-year courses begin in early September.

Our JD admission process is designed to identify exceptional students who will bring a broad and complex set of life experiences to the study of law. We strive to build a diverse and unique community of students who will forge lifelong friendships as they learn with, and from, each other.

Indigenous Persons of Canada and Mature Students

The Faculty has a robust access and academic support program for Indigenous students. It also admits mature students (those with five or more years of non-academic experience). Candidates should refer to the law school website for further information about these categories of admission.

Black Student Application Process (BSAP)

Black candidates are invited to use BSAP when they apply. Regardless of their admission categories (general, mature, indigenous), Black candidates can opt to apply to this stream, which aims to increase Black law student representation at UofT Law.

BSAP applicants will have their personal statements and BSAP essays reviewed by members of the Black community, including our staff, students, faculty and alumni. BSAP applicants must meet the same LSAT and academic requirements for admission that we seek from all candidates. BSAP does not have a designated quota for admission.

Admission Eligibility and Selection

For first-year admission, please note that:

• Candidates are expected to possess a minimum three years of full-time undergraduate study (by May of entry year).
• The LSAT required, alternate tests are not acceptable.
• The acceptable LSAT scores are tests from June 2016 to January 2021, inclusively.
• A test of English language proficiency (e.g. TOEFL, IELTS) is not required for JD first-year and transfer applicants. 
• Letters of recommendation are not requested, and interviews are not used for admission.
• There are no quotas for any applicant type.
• International students are given the same consideration as domestic students, and assessed on the same criteria.

We use three sources of information to assess applications.

• Law School Admission Test (LSAT) results
• postsecondary records of academic achievement
• personal essays

The review process is holistic, which means that the Admissions Committee looks at all of these factors together. The committee relies on the essays for information that cannot be conveyed by numbers. Multiple readers assess each file to get a full sense of the unique strengths each applicant will bring to the first-year class.

All applicants to the first year of the JD program must submit a LSAT score and must arrange to write the test no later than the January administration before the August start of the program. A candidate with an excellent academic record, but whose LSAT score is uncompetitive, should consider taking the test again. In cases where the LSAT has been taken more than once, an average is not used, instead, the best LSAT score is used.

We do not have a minimum LSAT score or GPA. The strongest applicants to the 2020-2021 program had LSAT scores starting at 160 and undergraduate GPAs starting at A-. Based on the whole-person approach to admission we encourage candidates to apply.

Application Deadline and Submission

The application deadline is November 1, 2020. 

Apply via the Ontario Law School Application Service (OLSAS) only. 

The Candidate Assembly Service (CAS) cannot be used for applying to the University of Toronto.

We are prepared to consider any requests to submit a late application. Please contact the JD Admissions Office for further information.

The application procedures are described on the JD Admissions website.

Contact Information

U of T Home | Graduate Faculty Members A-Z | A-Z Index      

SGS Home     

School of Graduate Studies (SGS) Calendar

Law: introduction, faculty affiliation, degree programs.

• Business Law;
• Criminal Law;
• Health Law, Ethics and Policy;
• Legal Theory
• LLB (National University of Singapore) / LLM (University of Toronto);
• LLB (Torcuato Di Tella University) / LLM (University of Toronto);
• LLB (Tsinghua University) / LLM (University of Toronto); (admissions have been administratively suspended)
• LLM (University of Toronto) / JM (Tsinghua University); (admissions have been administratively suspended)
• LLM (University of Toronto) / LLM (Tsinghua University) (admissions have been administratively suspended)

Global Professional Law

• Canadian Law in a Global Context;
• Innovation, Law and Technology

Collaborative Specializations

The following collaborative specializations are available to students in participating degree programs as listed below:

• Law, LLM, SJD
• Law, LLM, MSL, SJD

The international reputation of the law school’s faculty, their breadth of interests and approaches, and the intensive intellectual atmosphere, create outstanding opportunities for graduate students pursuing advanced degrees.

Law faculty members are some of the finest doctrinal and theoretical legal scholars in public and private law. The diversity of research interests amongst the faculty allows them to supervise graduate research in almost all areas of legal scholarship. The pluralistic academic community invites a variety of approaches to legal scholarship including, but not limited to, feminism and the law, law and economics, legal history, law and society, analytical jurisprudence, and critical legal theory. Over a third of the faculty are cross-appointed to other units — a commitment to interdisciplinary scholarship which encourages students to position their legal research within a broader, interdisciplinary context.

Strong relationships with faculty members are forged by the supervisory relationship, as well as through numerous informal opportunities to interact with faculty. The many workshops, lecture series, seminars and roundtables foster a dynamic intellectual environment. Through the Distinguished Visiting Faculty program, students have the opportunity to meet with and learn from some of the world’s finest legal scholars.

In addition to the formal study program, graduate students can participate in internships through Pro Bono Students Canada and the International Human Rights Program.

Inquiries should be directed to the Graduate Program Coordinator, Graduate Program, Faculty of Law at the address below.

Contact and Address

Llm, msl, and sjd program inquiries.

Web: www.law.utoronto.ca/academic-programs/graduate-programs Email: [email protected] Telephone: (416) 978-0213

University of Toronto Faculty of Law Graduate Programs Falconer Hall 78 Queen's Park Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C5

GPLLM Program Inquiries

Web: gpllm.law.utoronto.ca Email: [email protected] Telephone: (416) 946-7384

University of Toronto Faculty of Law GPLLM Program Falconer Hall 78 Queen's Park Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C5

Law: Graduate Faculty

Full members, members emeriti, associate members, law: law llm, master of laws, program description.

The Master of Laws (LLM) is a one-year degree program that provides students with an opportunity for more profound study beyond their first law degree.

The LLM program can be thesis-intensive (with both a short or long thesis option) or coursework-only. The short and long thesis options are for law students who have demonstrated a strong potential for advanced research and original scholarship. The coursework-only option is for law students who wish to specialize in a specific area of law or explore common law at an advanced level.

Within the LLM program, students also have the option of applying to pursue one of four areas of concentration:

LLM with a Concentration in Business Law

LLM with a Concentration in Criminal Law

LLM with a Concentration in Health Law, Ethics, and Policy

LLM with a Concentration in Legal Theory.

Students accepted into a concentration will receive a designation on their transcript. There are a limited number of spots available for students in each concentration, and acceptance into the concentrations will be competitive.

The program is completed on a full-time basis. Part-time registration may be considered in exceptional circumstances.

Law: Law LLM (No Concentration): Thesis Option

Llm program (no concentration): thesis option, minimum admission requirements.

Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Faculty of Law's additional admission requirements stated below.

Applicants must have obtained a Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree, or the international equivalent of a law degree, from a recognized university. Applicants must have a minimum B+ average in the final year of their legal studies. Preference will be given to applicants who maintain this average throughout their legal studies, i.e., throughout their entire law degree.

Applicants whose primary language is not English and who obtained their admitting degree (Bachelor of Laws, Juris Doctor, or equivalent) from a university where the language of instruction and examination was not English must show evidence of English proficiency by submitting English-language test scores. Several English-language testing services are acceptable. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are the most common tests:

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) with the following minimum scores:

Paper-based TOEFL: minimum overall score of 600, and 5 on the Test of Written English (TWE)

Internet-based TOEFL: minimum overall score of 100/120, and 24/30 on each section.

IELTS, Academic module: overall score of 7.5 with at least 7.0 in each component.

The University of Toronto Academic English preparation course: overall grade of A in Level 60.

Canadian Academic English Language (CAEL) Online: overall score of 70 with at least 70 in each component.

Cambridge English Qualifications: overall score of 191 with at least 185 on each section.

No conditional offers of admission will be given based on successful completion of an English language test.

Program Requirements

Students must complete a course of studies and a thesis which, combined, are valued at 24 credit hours (equivalent to 6.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs] ).

Students writing a short thesis must:

Complete 20 credit hours of coursework (equivalent to 5.0 FCEs); and

Write a thesis worth 4 credit hours (equivalent to 1.0 FCE), and approximately 45 pages or 13,000 words, under the supervision of a graduate faculty member.

Students writing a long thesis must:

Complete 8 credit hours (equivalent to 2.0 FCEs) of coursework; and

Write a thesis worth 16 credit hours (equivalent to 4.0 FCEs), and approximately 175 pages or 52,000 words, under the supervision of a graduate faculty member.

All thesis students must complete:

The mandatory graduate seminar for all LLM students who are writing a thesis: LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE); and

The mandatory graduate seminar for all LLM students: LAW7572H LLM Seminar (1 credit, or 0.25 FCE).

All coursework and the student's thesis are graded using the graduate grading scale as outlined in the University Assessment and Grading Practices Policy .

The Faculty offers thesis students some flexibility regarding the number of credits allocated to their thesis. Students writing a short thesis can choose to write a slightly longer thesis for additional credit, and students writing a long thesis can choose to write a slightly shorter thesis for fewer credits. Students who wish to reduce or increase their thesis credits should contact the graduate program coordinator before the Fall add/drop deadline.

The coursework requirements must be completed by the Faculty’s Winter sessional deadline of the academic year of attendance; the thesis must be completed by July 31 of the academic year of attendance.

With approval of the Associate Dean, Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law, the program may be taken on a part-time basis over two years, in which case the coursework requirements must be completed by the Faculty’s Winter sessional deadlines of the second academic year of attendance; the thesis must be completed by July 31 of the second academic year of attendance.

Residence. Full-time students must be in attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months, September to April). Part-time students must be in attendance for at least four academic sessions (September to April of both years of study).

Program Length

3 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S); 6 sessions part-time (exceptional circumstances only)

3 years full-time; 6 years part-time (exceptional circumstances only)

Law: Law LLM (No Concentration): Coursework-Only Option

Llm program (no concentration): coursework-only option.

Students must complete a course of studies valued at 28 credit hours (equivalent to 7.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs] ).

Writing requirement. Students pursuing the coursework-only option must satisfy the writing requirement by July 31 by either:

Designating one course (3 or 4 credits) as a writing requirement course. Only courses requiring a written assignment of at least 5,000 words (approximately 20 pages) will qualify as a designated writing requirement course. LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship and LAW7572H LLM Seminar do not qualify as a designated writing requirement course. or

Completing the directed research project course (2 or 3 credits; LAW8002H or LAW8003H) requiring a written assignment of 7,000 or 10,500 words, respectively.

All students in the LLM program must complete the mandatory graduate seminar: LAW7572H LLM Seminar (1 credit, or 0.25 FCE);

All coursework is graded using the graduate grading scale as outlined in the University Assessment and Grading Practices Policy .

The coursework requirements for all courses apart from the designated writing requirement course must be completed by the Faculty’s Winter sessional deadlines of the academic year of attendance; the writing requirement must be fulfilled by July 31 of the academic year of attendance.

With approval of the Associate Dean, Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law, the program may be taken on a part-time basis over two years, in which case the coursework requirements must be completed by the Faculty’s Winter sessional deadlines of the second academic year of attendance; the writing requirement must be completed by July 31 of the second academic year of attendance.

Continuation in Year 2 of the part-time LLM program is subject to the Faculty of Law's determination that the student has made satisfactory progress in Year 1 of the part-time LLM.

Law: Law LLM (With a Concentration): Thesis Option

Llm program (with a concentration): thesis option.

Applicants applying to one of the four areas of concentration must substantiate their interest in and suitability for the concentration in their statement of interest and research proposal. Applicants may only apply to one of the areas of concentration. Applicants may be admitted into the LLM program without a concentration.

Students must complete a total of 24 credits ( 6.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs] ) through a combination of coursework and the thesis . The thesis must be in the area of concentration into which the student was accepted.

Students writing a short thesis and pursuing a concentration must:

Complete 20 credit hours of coursework (equivalent to 5.0 FCEs), at least 8 credits (equivalent to 2.0 FCEs) of which must be taken from a list of courses in the area of concentration, which will be provided annually on the program website. The remaining required credits can be satisfied with courses either within or outside the area of concentration.

Write a 4-credit hours thesis (equivalent to 1.0 FCE); that is, approximately 45 pages or 13,000 words in length, in the area of concentration under the supervision of a graduate faculty member.

Students writing a long thesis and pursuing a concentration must:

Complete 8 credit hours of coursework (equivalent to 2.0 FCEs).

Write a thesis worth 16 credit hours (equivalent to 4.0 FCEs) and approximately 175 pages or 52,000 words in length, in the area of concentration under the supervision of a graduate faculty member.

Students pursuing the concentration in Legal Theory must complete the mandatory 3-credit course LAW7081H Foundations of Legal Theory (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE). This course will count towards the credits required for the area of concentration.

The mandatory graduate seminar for all LLM students writing a thesis: LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE).

Law: Law LLM (With a Concentration): Coursework-Only Option

Llm program (with a concentration): coursework-only option.

Applicants applying to one of the four areas of concentration must substantiate their interest in and suitability for the concentration in their statement of interest. Applicants may only apply to one of the areas of concentration. Applicants may be admitted into the LLM program without a concentration.

Designating one course (3 or 4 credits) as a writing requirement course, which must be in the area of concentration. Only courses requiring a written assignment of at least 5,000 words (approximately 20 pages) will qualify as a designated writing requirement course. LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship , LAW7572H LLM Seminar , and LAW7077H Introduction to the Canadian Legal System do not qualify as a designated writing requirement course. or

At least 12 of the credits (equivalent to 4.0 FCEs) must be completed from a list of courses in the area of concentration into which the student was accepted. A list of eligible courses will be provided annually on the program website.

Students pursuing the concentration in Legal Theory must complete the mandatory 3-credit course, LAW7081H Foundations of Legal Theory (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE). This course will count towards the credits required for the area of concentration.

All students in the LLM program must complete the mandatory graduate seminar: LAW7572H LLM Seminar (1 credit, or 0.25 FCE).

Continuation in Year 2 of the part-time LLM program is subject to the Faculty of Law's determination that the student has made satisfactory progress in Year 1 of the part-time LLM studies.

Residence. Full-time students must be in attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months, September to April). Part-time students must be in attendance for at least four academic sessions (September to April of both years of study). Students must be in attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months, September to April).

Law: Law LLM (Dual Degree: LLB National University of Singapore / LLM)

Dual degree program: bachelor of laws (national university of singapore) / master of laws (university of toronto).

This dual degree program is offered as part of the Master of Laws (LLM)’s coursework-only option, with or without a concentration. Students are not eligible to take the thesis option.

Students complete three years of a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the National University of Singapore (NUS), and in Year 4 complete the LLM degree at the University of Toronto. Students complete the LLB and LLM degrees in four years rather than the five years it would take to attain them separately. See the LLM coursework requirements (with or without a concentration) above.

Upon successful completion of the degree requirements of both programs, students receive a Bachelor of Laws degree and a Master of Laws degree.

Bachelor of Laws Program Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore Email: [email protected]

Master of Laws Program Faculty of Law, University of Toronto Email: [email protected]

Application Process

Initial consideration for admission to the dual degree program will be based on the applicant’s performance during the first three terms of the NUS LLB program.

All offers of admission to the dual degree program will be conditional upon successful completion of all Year 1, 2, and 3 requirements of the LLB program before starting the LLM program.

Successful completion of the first three years of the NUS LLB program, with the equivalent of a B+ average. Preference will be given to those who maintain this average throughout their legal studies.

Applicants applying to one of the four areas of concentration must substantiate their interest in and suitability for the particular area of concentration in their statement of interest. Applicants may only apply to one of the areas of concentration. Applicants may be admitted into the LLM program without a concentration.

Residence. Students must be in attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months, September to April).

Law: Law LLM (Dual Degree: LLB Torcuato Di Tella University / LLM)

Dual degree program: bachelor of laws (torcuato di tella university) / master of laws (university of toronto).

Students complete nine sessions (four and a half years) of a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Torcuato Di Tella University (UTDT). In the Fall session of Year 5, students register in the University of Toronto LLM degree program and complete three sessions (September through August). Students complete the LLB and LLM degrees in five and a half years (11 sessions) rather than the six years it would take to attain them separately. See the LLM coursework requirements (with or without a concentration).

Bachelor of Laws Program Faculty of Law, Torcuato Di Tella University Email: [email protected]

Initial consideration for admission to the dual degree program will be based on the applicant’s performance during the first eight sessions of the UTDT LLB program.

All offers of admission to the dual degree program will be conditional upon successful completion of all Year 1, 2, 3, and 4 requirements of the LLB program before starting the LLM program.

Successful completion of the first nine sessions (four and a half years) of the UTDT LLB program, with the equivalent of a B+ average. Preference will be given to those who maintain this average throughout their legal studies.

Applicants applying to one of the four areas of concentration must substantiate their interest in and suitability for the area of concentration in their statement of interest. Applicants may only apply to one of the areas of concentration. Applicants may be admitted into the LLM program without a concentration.

Law: Law LLM (Dual Degree: LLB Tsinghua University / LLM)

Dual degree program: bachelor of laws (tsinghua university) / master of laws (university of toronto).

Admissions to this dual degree are suspended for the 2024-25 admissions cycle.

Students complete two years of a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Tsinghua University, and in Year 3 complete the LLM degree at the University of Toronto.

Students complete the LLB and LLM degrees in four years rather than the five years it would take to attain them separately. See the LLM coursework requirements (with or without a concentration) above.

Bachelor of Laws Program Law School, Tsinghua University Email: to be confirmed

Law: Law LLM (Dual Degree: LLM / JM Tsinghua University)

Dual degree program: master of laws (university of toronto) / juris master (tsinghua university).

This dual degree program is offered as part of the Master of Laws (LLM)'s coursework-only option, with or without a concentration. Students are not eligible to take the thesis option.

Students complete the LLM and Juris Master (JM) degrees in three years and one session rather than the four years it would take to attain them separately. See the LLM coursework requirements (with or without a concentration) above.

Years 1 and 2: students register in the Tsinghua University JM program.

Fall session of Year 3: students register in the University of Toronto LLM program.

Winter session of Year 3: students return to the Tsinghua University JM program.

Fall session of Year 4: students register in the University of Toronto LLM program and complete the dual degree by the end of that session.

Upon successful completion of the degree requirements of both programs, students receive a Master of Laws degree and a Juris Master degree.

Juris Master Program Law School, Tsinghua University Email: to be confirmed

Law: Law LLM (Dual Degree: LLM / LLM (Tsinghua University)

Dual degree program: master of laws (university of toronto) / master of laws (tsinghua university).

Students complete the two LLM degrees in two years and one session rather than the three years it would take to attain them separately. See the LLM coursework requirements (with or without a concentration) above.

Year 1: students register in the Tsinghua University LLM program.

Fall session of Year 2: students register in the University of Toronto LLM program.

Winter session of Year 2: students return to the Tsinghua University LLM program.

Fall session of Year 3: students register in the University of Toronto LLM program and complete the dual degree program by the end of that session.

Upon successful completion of the degree requirements of both programs, students receive the University of Toronto and Tsinghua University Master of Laws degree.

Master of Laws Program Law School, Tsinghua University Email: to be confirmed

Law: Law MSL

Master of studies in law.

The Master of Studies in Law (MSL) program is designed for scholars with no prior training in law who wish to acquire a legal education and knowledge of law in order to add a legal dimension to scholarship in their own discipline.

Applicants must have completed at least a master's degree, and preferably a doctorate, from a recognized university with a demonstrated high level of scholarship in a discipline related to law. Applicants must have a least a B+ average in their final year of study. Preference will be given to applicants who have maintained this average throughout their studies.

MSL students must pursue a course of studies approved by the Faculty.

The course of studies will comprise at least 28 credit hours (7.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]), and not more than 32 credit hours (equivalent to 8.0 FCEs), and will include at least three of the following subjects: contracts, torts, property, criminal law, constitutional law, and civil procedure.

Students must complete a research project of an interdisciplinary nature during their studies at the Faculty of Law. The project must be completed in the context of one of the courses that students are completing for credit.

A mandatory graduate seminar: LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE).

In no circumstance will courses taken in the MSL program be accredited for the Juris Doctor (JD) program.

Residence. Full-time students must be in attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months, September to April).

3 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S)

3 years full-time

Law: Law SJD

Doctor of juridical science.

The Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) is a thesis degree program for outstanding law students seeking to pursue careers in teaching, policy, and research. Students receive a guaranteed funding package for three years. Inquiries should be directed to the Graduate Program Coordinator, Graduate Program, Faculty of Law at the address above.

Applicants may enter the SJD program via one of two routes: 1) following completion of an appropriate Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree and a Master of Laws; or 2) direct entry following completion of an appropriate Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree.

SJD Program

Applicants must have obtained a Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree and a Master of Laws, or the equivalent of each degree, from a recognized university. Applicants must have a minimum B+ average in their Master of Laws. Preference will be given to applicants who maintain this average throughout their legal studies.

Coursework. Students must complete the mandatory graduate seminar LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship (3 credits, or 0.75 full-course equivalents [FCEs]).

Other coursework requirements are optional and shall be determined upon consultation with the supervisor. All coursework shall be subject to the approval of the Associate Dean, Graduate Studies, Law.

Area requirement. Before being allowed to proceed with formal research on a thesis topic, a student must demonstrate competence in a broader area within which the topic falls. The student's supervisory committee (established by the student and approved by the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law) assists in framing that area and compiling an appropriate plan for carrying out the research. The research undertaken by the student either culminates in a written exam, based on the reading list, or a research project, which is either a draft of a chapter of the thesis or an overview of the general argument. Both paths lead to an oral exam based on the written work and the reading list (the "area exam"). Unless approved by the Associate Dean of Graduate of Graduate Studies, a student must satisfy the area requirement by the end of Year 1 of registration.

Research and writing. A student will not be allowed to continue in the doctoral program, where, in the opinion of the Area Committee, the student is not capable of demonstrating the capacity for independent legal research and writing at an advanced level, including through the satisfaction of the area exam.

Year 2 presentation. At the end of Year 2 of registration, students must present an abstract of their work in progress or a draft chapter to an audience of their peers and interested faculty. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the student with a forum to collect feedback from a broad audience.

Annual meetings. Students must meet with their entire supervisory committee at least once a year.

Thesis. Following completion of the requirements above, a thesis must be prepared which, in the opinion of the Faculty of Law, constitutes a distinct contribution to legal research or scholarship, and the student must pass a Doctoral Final Oral Examination based on the thesis.

The thesis must be completed within five years from the date of enrolment in the program.

No candidate will be recommended for the degree until the thesis has been approved by the Faculty of Law and is presented in publishable form, as described in the PhD regulations in this calendar.

Residence. Students must be in full-time attendance for at least two academic sessions (eight months):

September to April for those starting the program in September; or

January to April and September to December for those starting the program in January.

SJD Program (Direct-Entry)

Applicants must have obtained a Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree, or the equivalent of a law degree, from a recognized university. A minimum A– average is required in the final year of their legal studies. Preference will be given to applicants who maintain this average throughout their legal studies, i.e., during the course of their entire law degree.

The Associate Dean, Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law has the discretion to permit direct entry into the SJD following completion of the Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree where the Graduate Admissions Committee is satisfied that the applicant demonstrates excellent potential for independent legal research and writing at an advanced level.

Coursework. Students must complete at least 8 credit hours (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) including the mandatory graduate seminar: LAW1000H Alternative Approaches to Legal Scholarship (3 credits, or 0.75 FCE).

All coursework shall be subject to the approval of the Associate Dean, Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law.

Area requirement. Before being allowed to proceed with formal research on a thesis topic, a student must demonstrate competence in a broader area within which the topic falls. The student's supervisory committee (established by the student and approved by the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies at the Faculty of Law) assists in framing that area and compiling an appropriate plan for carrying out the research. The research undertaken by the student either culminates in a written exam, based on the reading list, or a research project, which is either a draft of a chapter of the thesis or an overview of the general argument. Both paths lead to an oral exam based on the written work and the reading list (the "area exam"). Unless approved by the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies, a student must satisfy the area requirement by the end of Year 1 of registration.

Thesis. Following completion of the area requirements, a thesis must be prepared which, in the opinion of the Faculty of Law, constitutes a distinct contribution to legal research or scholarship, and the student must pass a Doctoral Final Oral Examination based on the thesis.

The thesis must be completed within six years from the date of enrolment in the program.

Law: Law LLM, MSL, SJD Courses

Law: global professional law gpllm, global professional master of laws.

The Global Professional Master of Laws (GPLLM) program is an executive graduate degree in law designed for (1) executives who wish to become more conversant in the substance and methodology of law; and (2) internationally trained lawyers who wish to become licensed to practise law in Canada. Courses are offered on alternating weekends: Friday evenings and all-day Saturday.

The program may be completed in one year (three sessions with a F/W/S registration sequence) or through an extended full-time option that allows students to complete the program requirements over two years (six sessions with a F/W/S/F/W/S registration sequence).

The GPLLM offers the following concentrations:

• Business Law
• Canadian Law in a Global Context

Law: Global Professional Law GPLLM (Concentration: Business Law)

Concentration: business law.

Applicants must have completed a Juris Doctor (JD), Bachelor of Laws (LLB), or a bachelor's degree (in law or another discipline) from a recognized university, with a minimum mid-B average or equivalent in their final year of study.

Applicants must demonstrate a minimum of five years of full-time work experience.

Applicants whose primary language is not English and who obtained their admitting degree (bachelor's degree) from a university where the language of instruction and examination was not English must show evidence of English proficiency by submitting English-language test scores. Several English-language testing services are acceptable. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are the most common tests:

TOEFL with the following minimum scores:

The Certificate of Proficiency in English (COPE): overall score of 86 with at least 22 in both the listening and reading components, 40 in the writing component, and 7 in the speaking component (Test of Oral Proficiency).

No conditional offers of admission will be given based on successful completion of an English-language test.

Coursework: 30 credits (7.5 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) , as follows:

One required 3-credit course (equivalent to 0.75 FCE) as follows:

LAW4001H Law and Business in a Global Economy

12 credits (equivalent to 3.0 FCEs) consisting of four courses within this concentration worth 3 credits each (0.75 FCE total) from this list:

LAW4002H Comparative Corporate Governance

LAW4003H Securities Regulation and Corporate Finance

LAW4004H Mergers and Acquisitions

LAW4005H Canadian and Cross-Border Issues in Corporate Tax

LAW4006H International Dispute Resolution

LAW4011H Law and Policy of Public Private Partnerships

LAW4012H Intellectual Property Law

LAW4013H Economic and Social Regulation and Competition Law

LAW4014H International Insolvency Law

LAW4015H Organization of Transactional Legal Practice

LAW4018H Foundations of Legal Theory

LAW4019H Anti-Corruption Law: International, Domestic, and Practical Perspectives

LAW4022H Contract Law

LAW4032H Intellectual Property and Strategy

LAW4036H Applied Contract Law

LAW4053H Law and Regulation of Banks and Financial Institutions

LAW4057H Cannabis Law and Regulation

LAW4058H Competition Law

LAW4059H Digital Trade

LAW4061H Issues in Tax Law and Policy

LAW4062H Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law

15 credits (equivalent to 3.75 FCEs) consisting of five courses worth 3 credits each (0.75 FCE total) from any concentration. Not all courses will necessarily be available every year. The program reserves the discretion to decline student requests to complete certain electives based on course enrolment or otherwise.

Full-Time Program Length

Extended full-time program length.

6 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S/F/W/S)

Law: Global Professional Law GPLLM (Concentration: Canadian Law in a Global Context)

Concentration: canadian law in a global context.

Applicants must have completed a bachelor's degree (in law or another discipline) from a recognized university, with a minimum mid-B average or equivalent in their final year of study

Applicants must demonstrate at least five years of full-time work experience. However, applicants without five years of full-time work experience may be eligible for admission. If admitted, they will only be eligible to enrol in courses within the Canadian Law in a Global Context concentration.

Paper-based TOEFL: overall minimum score of 600, and 5 on the Test of Written English (TWE)

Internet-based TOEFL: overall minimum score of 100/120, and 24/30 on each section.

LAW4010H Foundations of Canadian Law

12 credits (equivalent to 3.0 FCEs) consisting of four seminar courses within this concentration worth 3 credits each (0.75 FCE total) from this list:

LAW4007H Canadian Administrative Law

LAW4008H Canadian Constitutional Law

LAW4009H Canadian Criminal Law

LAW4017H Professional Responsibility

LAW4020H Property Law

LAW4021H Tort Law

LAW4023H Business Organizations

LAW4024H Applied Legal Research and Writing

LAW4051H Evidence Law

LAW4060H Advanced Criminal Law: Financial Crimes in a Global Context

LAW4064H Negotiation (Credit/No Credit)

LAW4065H The Emergence of LegalTech

LAW4066H Trial Advocacy (Credit/No Credit)

LAW4067H Employment Law

15 credits (3.75 FCEs) consisting of five courses worth 3 credits each (0.75 FCE) from any concentration. Not all elective courses will necessarily be available every year. The program reserves the discretion to decline student requests to complete certain electives based on course enrolment or otherwise.

Note: Canadian Law in a Global Context students without the minimum five years of full-time work experience may only select electives from within their concentration.

Law: Global Professional Law GPLLM (Concentration: Innovation, Law and Technology)

Concentration: innovation, law and technology.

Applicants must have completed a bachelor's degree (in law or another discipline) from a recognized university, with a minimum mid-B average or equivalent in their final year of study.

Applicants should demonstrate an interest in technology and entrepreneurship in their application materials.

LAW4026H Introduction to Law and Technology

LAW4027H Legal Technology and Informatics

LAW4028H Blockchain, Digital Assets, and the Law

LAW4030H Financing Technological Innovation

LAW4031H Cybersecurity and Data Protection in a Global Information Economy

LAW4033H Design Thinking

LAW4034H Launching Technology Ventures

LAW4035H The Internet of Things

LAW4046H Privacy and Data Governance

LAW4047H The Legal Challenges of Digital Environments

LAW4052H Law of Software Development and Commercialization

LAW4055H Disruptive Innovations and Legal Infrastructure

LAW4063H Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: A Legal and Practical Study

15 credits (equivalent to 3.75 FCEs) consisting of five courses worth 3 credits each (0.75 FCE total) from any concentration. Not all elective courses will necessarily be available every year. The program reserves the discretion to decline student requests to complete certain electives based on course enrolment or otherwise.

Law: Global Professional Law GPLLM Courses

All courses are offered in modules, each worth 0.75 full-course equivalent (FCE). A module will be approximately four months in length. Courses will be offered during the evening and on the weekend. A large portion of the learning for the modules will take place outside of class through carefully designed reading, assignments, projects, and group study.

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Osgoode’s PhD in law is a full-time advanced degree requiring research-intensive study and in principally aimed at students pursuing an academic career. It is designed to be completed in three to four years.

Prerequisites

An LLM is generally a precondition of admission to the PhD. Students without an LLM should apply initially to the Research LLM; after their first year of study they can apply to advance to the PhD.

Degree Requirements

Graduate seminar i: legal research (gs law 6610), graduate seminar ii: advanced legal research methodologies (gs law 6611).

• Study groups
• One elective course
• Extended dissertation proposal

Dissertation

• Final oral examination

The Graduate Seminar is the core course for the Graduate Program in Law. Designed to complement other courses, the seminar provides a venue for developing critical assessments of the law and facilitating students’ progress on their own research, papers and dissertation proposals. The seminar also creates an intellectual community and introduces students to Osgoode research resources.

This seminar offers a review of quantitative and qualitative methods employed in legal research. Specific sessions focus on interviewing, ethnographic methods, surveys and other quantitative methods, data collection and analysis, archival and document collection and analysis. The seminar is designed for PhD students and is completed in the winter term.

Study Groups

Students participating in study groups read and discuss a number of articles with their groups each week. The groups are not structured as courses but as venues for reflection and discourse. For doctoral students, study groups are equivalent to the comprehensive examinations required by other graduate programs.

Participation in a study group is required (for credit) in the first or second year of PhD studies, and then one year thereafter (non-credit) provided PhD students are registered full-time. Students can choose among five options, depending on their research interests and course availability:

• Regulation and Governance
• Law and Economic Relations
• Theoretical Perspectives in Legal Research
• Law and Social Justice
• Law in a Global Context

Elective Courses

PhD students can fulfil their elective course requirement through:

• a variety of graduate courses in law
• integrated courses with the JD program
• independent study
• courses in other programs

Research Outline, Ethical Review and University Guidelines

In the second term of their first year, each student must submit to the Program office a brief outline of their proposed research that has been reviewed and approved by the members of their supervisory committee. The work must be original, containing a new argument supported by research carried out by the student.

A declaration of the ethical issues around the underlying research must be made early in the student’s first year. Projects involving interactions of any kind (for example, through interviews, questionnaires, consultations or observations) require an ethics review.

Dissertations must be prepared in accordance with the Faculty of Graduate Studies thesis and dissertation guidelines .

Extended Dissertation Proposal

PhD students must submit an extended dissertation proposal (50 –70 pages) by the end of their sixth term. Students must defend their proposal in an oral exam before an examining committee (which must be done by the end seventh term).

The dissertation is a piece of original research that reflects a substantial contribution to existing legal literature. Expected to be between 300-350 pages, it should have the usual scholarly apparatus, footnotes and a bibliography prepared in accordance with the McGill Guide to Legal Citations. The dissertation should be of sufficiently high quality to warrant publication by an academic publisher or through a comparable venue.

With the permission of their supervisor and in consultation with the Graduate Program Director, PhD candidates may submit a Portfolio Dissertation in lieu of a conventional thesis. The Portfolio Dissertation must be composed of three to five articles (depending on the length and ambition of the articles) developed during the candidate’s graduate studies, published or accepted for publication, and combined with an introduction and conclusion.

Final Oral Examination

Students must succeed in an oral defence of their dissertation before an examination committee.

Time to Completion

PhD students are expected to complete all requirements within 18 terms (six years).

Residency Requirement

Students must be located such that they are able to progress on all program requirements requiring geographical availability on campus.

More Detail:

Faculty research advisors, related topics:, funding and fees, intellectual life, meet our current doctoral students, meet our phds.

Jake Okechukwu Effoduh

“This school propelled me to unearth the power of legal research in ways that have helped me uncover new insights, challenge existing paradigms and contribute to this ever-evolving landscape of scholarship.”

Deanne Sowter

“Attending Osgoode Hall Law School for my JD and PhD were two of the best decisions of my life, giving me the opportunities and skills to engage in important research supported by a thriving academic community.”

Academic Program

Law school, especially 1l, can feel like learning a whole new language. having a clear sense of what you can expect in the academic program, and what is expected of you, will help you to climb up that learning curve as quickly as possible..

Legal Methods

The Legal Methods intensive course is designed to introduce students to the foundational information and reasoning needed to make the most of the JD program from the outset. The course will provide general background information on the foundations of the Canadian legal system, such as the important legal institutions, the distinction between private and public law, the sources of law, and the relationship between core first year courses.

Legal Methods classes are mandatory and run Monday – Thursday during August 21 – August 31, 2023, with a final exam on Friday Sept 1.  Watch for the welcome email in mid-August from the law school’s Records Office about the Legal Methods format and your schedule.

Every 1L student takes the same foundational courses that pave the way for learning in the upper year program.

We evaluate your knowledge mostly through written assignments and exams in your first year. For more details about your courses and how this works, see the  First Year Academic Program .

Program Requirements

Curious about what courses you need to take and how many credits you need over the course of your law degree? It is all laid out in your  JD Degree Requirements .

Combined Programs

A number of incoming 1Ls are registered in combined degree programs, and more students will register for a combined program during their first year. If you have questions about your combined program structure, credits, etc., please email Assistant Dean Sara Faherty at [email protected] . If you are thinking about applying during your 1L year to a combined program faculty partner, make sure that you check out the program requirements and application deadlines on the respective partner faculties’ websites.

UofT Law uses a modified pass/fail grading system. We are the only law school in Canada to do so. Check out a detailed description of the law school’s unique  grading system.

Academic Policies

The law school has a number of policies that you are responsible for knowing, including rules about mandatory attendance and academic integrity. Make sure you review the  full academic policy manual .

Academic Support

The law school offers free and confidential academic support services to 1L students. Staffed by our talented upper year students, the  Academic Success Program  assists over 50% of the 1L class each year.

Accommodations

In order to maintain grading anonymity, and to ensure consistency, academic accommodations are administered by a central committee and not through individual instructors. For more info about what do to when you get sick, and how to register for ongoing academic accommodation for illness, disability, and religious practices, see our academic accommodations policy.

To Do Before You Arrive

• Familiarize yourself with the Orientation schedule, including Legal Methods, Introduction to Student Services sessions and Social Activities on  Your First Two Weeks page .
• Watch the Writing Foundation videos .
• Read the academic policy manual .
• Familiarize yourself with how to access academic accommodations.
• Make a plan to book an academic support appointment early in the term.

Did you know...

UofT Law is the only law school in Canada to offer a modified honours, pass, fail grading system. We switched to our current system seven years ago after looking at grading systems at law schools all over the world. Ours most closely resembles the system of the University of California, Berkeley.

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Doctoral Program

Intensive, selective and challenging, our doctoral program is ideal for scholars intent on deepening and broadening their critical understanding of the law, as well as their original engagement with it.

Our Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) program serves as a starting point for those planning to pursue careers in academia, think-tanks, government and international organizations, among others. Our students build the teaching supervision, leadership and knowledge that they need to take on any challenge. Whatever their ambitions, our students have great success in achieving them. The DCL program allows for the development of a substantial thesis, which makes an original contribution to legal scholarship.

McGill's Faculty of Law currently hosts approximately 70 doctoral students, who come from all around the world. Each year, we admit roughly 15 new students to this vibrant community.

Our doctoral programs

The Faculty of Law offers three options for students in its doctoral program:

• Doctor of Civil Law - Law
• Doctor of Civil Law - Comparative Law
• Doctor of Civil Law - Air and Space Law

Research affiliations

If their area of research is suitable, DCL candidates may wish to be associated with:

• the Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism
• the Paul-André Crépeau Centre for Private and Comparative Law
• the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy
• or one of the Research Chairs at the Faculty of Law.

Doctoral students at McGill’s Faculty of Law are invited to participate in Faculty Seminars and other workshops as a way to underscore their membership in a community of academic scholars.

Related Content

Read our leaflet [.pdf]

Read our Graduate Programs Admissions Guide

Submit your application for admission to our graduate programs by December 1st.

Series of Webinars on Graduate Studies Watch all our webinars!

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School of Graduate Studies Faculty & Staff

Faculty members a–z, ​​​​​faculty membership categories.

Access alphabetical listings of graduate faculty holding memberships updated November 29, 2023:

• Full Members
• Members Emeriti
• Associate Members (without restrictions)

See also: the SGS Calendar for lists of faculty members associated with each program.

Responsibilities

Graduate faculty hold membership in one of three categories based on their graduate privileges and responsibilities.

Full Members may:

• act as the sole or major supervisor of a doctoral or master’s thesis
• serve as a member of a thesis committee
• serve as chair or voting member of a final doctoral oral examination committee, where such examinations are required by SGS, and perform all associated duties
• assume responsibility for the setting and marking of comprehensive (general) examinations
• teach, set, and mark examinations for a graduate course and give such other graduate direction as may be required

Members Emeriti may perform all duties of a full member, that is:

but may only take on new supervision with the approval of their graduate chair or director.

Associate Members (without restrictions) may undertake the duties of a full member, that is:

• act as the sole or major supervisor of a master’s thesis
• serve as a voting member of a final doctoral oral examination committee, where such examinations are required by SGS, and perform all associated duties

but shall not serve as a sole or major supervisor, whether formally or otherwise, of a doctoral student nor act as the chair of a final doctoral oral examination.

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Powerful Network

Ariel Liang, Vice President, Portfolio Manager at BMO Global Asset Management and GPLLM alumna

Practical Learning

Abas Kanu, Senior Counsel, Legal, Corporate & Compliance Group, BMO Financial Group, and GPLLM alumnus

Career Growth

Mark Mahoney, Partner at Dentons and GPLLM alumnus

CONCENTRATIONS

Watch: "business issues are legal issues".

The  Global Professional Master of Laws (GPLLM) at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law is an innovative and transformative program designed to help you realize your professional potential through exposure to a robust legal education focused on the areas of law most salient to professionals. 

The one-year immersive program, which attracts top talent from a range of professional backgrounds, is structured in order to help you balance your demanding professional commitments with intensive study and professional development. Our executive GPLLM combines academic excellence, innovation and practical skill development.  

University of Toronto Faculty of Law

Global Professional LLM 78 Queen's Park Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 2C5

School of Graduate Studies

Find a supervisor.

If you’re enrolled in a thesis-based graduate program, you will conduct your own research under the guidance of a supervisor. You are responsible for selecting your research topic and seeking out a potential supervisor.

The supervisory relationship is a foundation of graduate education, particularly in the doctoral-stream programs.

The success of good supervision is a shared responsibility. It depends on both student and supervisor communicating well, being tolerant and understanding, and each holding the other to high standards. The graduate unit (department, centre, or institute) also plays a role, providing clarity and consistency of expectations, upholding academic standards, administering the program fairly and effectively, and intervening where necessary to help resolve problems.

“ I enjoy teaching graduate courses and seminars, but my favourite part is supervising dissertations.

Choose a supervisor.

The responsibility to find a supervisor, in most graduate units, rests with the student. Securing a supervisor may however even be a condition of admission. Some graduate units assign a supervisor, typically in master’s programs. How do you know? Check your graduate handbook or with your graduate administrator.

Full members of graduate faculty may serve as the sole or major thesis supervisor for either doctoral or master’s students in the graduate unit while associate members of graduate faculty may serve as members of a doctoral supervisory committee, but may only be the sole or major supervisor for master’s students.

Faculty members A to Z listing .

Get Advice & Support

Talk to your graduate unit. Read your graduate handbook. Know what procedures your graduate unit has in place to help you find a supervisor, or to change a supervisor in the unlikely event that becomes necessary.

The SGS Graduate Supervision Guidelines – Students is a good resource, a set of best practices, general guidelines, policies, and suggestions that provide direction on choosing a supervisor, establishing a supervisory committee, and maintaining a productive working relationship among all three. The guidelines include a supervision checklist for students.

Identify Clear Expectations

Your supervision relationship will benefit from having clear, shared expectations with your supervisor. Set timelines for each stage of work. Identify preferred methods of communication. Discuss intellectual property issues. Complete an intellectual property awareness form . Identify publication expectations and other matters.

Know Your Deadlines

All doctoral students are required to have a supervisor and supervisory committee in place by the end of the second year of their program. Some graduate units have earlier deadlines. Securing a supervisor, supervisory committee and an approved thesis proposal is a requirement for doctoral students to achieve candidacy in their program. Know your deadlines. Compliance with the deadlines is required to maintain satisfactory progress and good academic standing in your degree program.

Maintain Healthy Supervisory Relations

A doctoral student is expected to meet with the supervisory committee at least once a year, and more often if the committee so requires. Supervisory Committee meetings are vital for monitoring doctoral progress in a doctoral program.

The supervisory committee consists of your supervisor and at least two faculty members. Its role is to provide support to you and your supervisor by broadening and deepening the range of expertise and experience available, and by offering advice about, and assessment of, your work. Graduate students who establish their supervisory committees early in their programs and who meet with their committees regularly, tend to complete their degree programs successfully, and sooner than students who wait to establish their committees.

Further information on maintaining good academic standing and supervision is found in the General Regulations section of the SGS Calendar and on the policies and guidelines page of this website.

Recognize Your Supervisor

Do you know a great graduate supervisor who has made a big difference in a student’s development as a researcher and in pursuing future academic and professional careers? The JJ Berry Smith Award for Doctoral Supervision recognizes outstanding performance in the multiple roles associated with doctoral supervision. It is awarded annually to an active faculty member who, over a minimum of 15 years, has demonstrated excellence in supervision at U of T. Recognize your supervisor.

When Problems Arise

Should a problem arise in your supervisory relationship, try to resolve the difficulty amicably through informal discussion first. If that does not resolve the problem, there are several avenues to pursue within your graduate unit: the supervisory committee, the Graduate Coordinator and the Chair of the graduate unit. If the graduate unit is unable to find a satisfactory solution, advice may be sought from the Vice-Dean, Students, School of Graduate Studies. If all else fails, and if the nature of the issue is academic, you have recourse to a formal academic appeal.

Pitasanna Shanmugathas is a law student at Vermont Law & Graduate School and a graduate of the University of Toronto’s Munk School of Global Affairs. On Saturday May 11 Pitasanna participated in Day 10 of the student-led encampment calling for the University of Toronto to divest from funding Israeli institutions allegedly involved in sustaining the occupation of the Palestinian territories. 

According to organizers, approximately 150-200 university students and faculty members participate daily in ongoing protests on the University of Toronto campus. Notable individuals like distinguished author and dissident Naomi Klein were also present at the protest, offering solidarity and speaking to various media officials. Many of the protestors stay overnight, sleeping in tents, and food is regularly provided thanks to financial donations and contributions from supporters within the wider Canadian public.

Erin Mackey, a fourth-year student majoring in Political Science and Environmental Studies at the University of Toronto and one of the encampment’s organizers, spoke to JURIST and articulated the demands of the protestors: “First, we want the University of Toronto to disclose its investments—so the university has an endowment of over $4 billion dollars, and they invest it in various entities—so we want full disclosure of where our tuition dollars are going. The second demand is divestment. We are demanding that the University of Toronto divest from weapons manufacturing companies complicit in Israeli apartheid, and the third demand is for the university to cut all ties with Israeli academic institutions that are complicit in the ongoing occupation of Palestine.”

Despite these demands, the University of Toronto’s President, Meric Gertler, has refused to engage in substantive conversation about any of the students’ demands [ editor’s note : a meeting on Sunday between student representatives and representatives of the university administration resulted in no breakthroughs]. Mackey asserted that Gertler did confirm to the organizers that the University of Toronto does have investments in weapons manufacturing companies complicit in Israeli apartheid but refused to confirm the financial amount of the investment or to what extent the university is invested.

Mackey asserted that “the university clearly cares more about corporate profits than their own students.” The University of Toronto was one of the last universities in Canada to divest from apartheid South Africa. Moreover, its questionable history of financial ties is evidenced by the fact that its controversial global affairs school, the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, receives significant financial assistance from the Peter Munk family, the founder of one of the largest gold mining companies in the world, Barrick Gold, known for its egregious human rights abuses in the Global South.  

What is visibly present within the perimeter of the encampment are surveillance cameras—with enhanced audio amplification—that were recently installed. The organizers allege, based on analysis by digital security experts, that the newly installed cameras are Toronto police technology with facial recognition capabilities, suggesting that the university is likely working in conjunction with the Toronto police to monitor the activities and identities of the protestors.

The protestors have faced acts of intimidation during their encampment. Sara Rasikh, a graduate student at the University of Toronto and one of the media spokespeople involved in the protest, told JURIST that “[protestors] have been getting verbally attacked since day one. Our Jewish comrades, when they hold Shabbat dinner, Zionists outside yell at them and call them Nazis and self-hating Jews, which is disgusting, [and] the university has not taken a stand for its own students, faculty, staff, and community members. When our Muslim brothers and sisters are praying, we have agitators from the outside yelling at them and threatening to physically harm them and their family. Agitation is something that is constant and it is the only safety risk that exists.”

Salma Zahid, federal Liberal Member of Parliament for Scarborough Centre, was among several individuals who visited the encampment on Saturday to show solidarity with the student protestors. In a comment to JURIST, she asserted that “peaceful protests are part of democracy. And in Canada we [abide] by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms under which expression of speech and peaceful protest is protected. I’m a mother of two young boys, what they have been seeing [has taken] a big toll on their mental health, I never saw those videos [of the massacres in Gaza] at their age. I’m really worried about their mental health because they have seen too much. I would encourage the university to sit down with the students and listen to them, escalation is not an answer, what happened in Calgary yesterday with the use of teargas against a group of students who were just protesting against the killing of innocent [Palestinian] civilians and the displacement of millions of people was shameful.”

When asked how Zahid reconciles her position on accountability for Israel with Liberal Party leader and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s refusal to apply any meaningful pressure to hold Israel accountable, such as his opposition to ongoing investigations by the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice regarding Israel’s atrocities since October 7th, Zahid told JURIST, “In the Liberal Party, we have different perspectives. We need to have an immediate ceasefire; we need to end the killing of innocent civilians…Invading Rafah is totally and absolutely wrong. There should be consequences for Netanyahu. There needs to be sanctions on illegal settlers.” Zahid further emphasized that “whatever decision the [International Criminal Court] takes, Canada is a signatory and should accept that…. Canada has voted in favor of the [ceasefire motion in Parliament] on March 18 th and [has voted] at the UN for a ceasefire.”

With graduation approaching in June, the protestors indicated that the university feels pressure to reach an agreement with the students to avoid disruptions. The students have insisted they will not end their encampment until the university completely divests from institutions complicit in atrocities against Palestinians. 

Supreme Court ordered dissolution of Standard Oil

On May 15, 1911, the US Supreme Court found Standard Oil in violation of the Sherman Act and ordered its dissolution. Read Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. U.S .

Austrian State Treaty signed

On May 15, 1955, the Allied Powers of World War II and representatives of Austria signed the Österreichischer Staatsvertrag (Austrian State Treaty) , which re-established Austria as an independent nation for the first time since it was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938. The treaty explicitly forbade any future attempts to unify with Germany.

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U of t law alumni recognized at 2024 canadian law awards.

The Canadian Law Awards winners were announced May 9 at the Liberty Grand in Toronto. Outstanding firms, teams, individuals, deals or cases in each category are recognized with an Excellence Award.   

Congratulations to the U of T Law alumni named in the individual categories:  

THE LAWSON LUNDELL LLP AWARD FOR LAW DEPARTMENT LEADER OF THE YEAR   

Bindu Cudjoe ( LLB  1999 )   Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary , Laurentian Bank of Canada  

MANAGING PARTNER OF THE YEAR   

Allan Ritchie (JD 2005 )   Managing Partner, Loopstra Nixon LLP  

FEMALE TRAILBLAZER OF THE YEAR (ACADEMIA & IN-HOUSE)   

Christin e Chen (LLB 1994 )   Chief Legal Counsel, University Pension Plan (UPP)  

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