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Hamlet essay topics and outline examples, essay title 1: the tragic hero in "hamlet": analyzing the complex character of prince hamlet.

Thesis Statement: This essay delves into the character of Prince Hamlet in Shakespeare's "Hamlet," examining his tragic flaws, internal conflicts, and the intricate web of relationships that contribute to his downfall, ultimately highlighting his status as a classic tragic hero.

  • Introduction
  • Defining Tragic Heroes: Characteristics and Literary Tradition
  • The Complex Psychology of Prince Hamlet: Ambiguity, Doubt, and Melancholy
  • The Ghost's Revelation: Hamlet's Quest for Justice and Revenge
  • The Theme of Madness: Feigned or Real?
  • Hamlet's Relationships: Ophelia, Gertrude, Claudius, and Horatio
  • The Tragic Climax: The Duel, Poisoned Foils, and Fatal Consequences

Essay Title 2: "Hamlet" as a Reflection of Political Intrigue: Power, Corruption, and the Tragedy of Denmark

Thesis Statement: This essay explores the political dimensions of Shakespeare's "Hamlet," analyzing the themes of power, corruption, and political manipulation as portrayed in the play, and their impact on the fate of the characters and the kingdom of Denmark.

  • The Political Landscape of Denmark: Claudius's Ascension to the Throne
  • The Machiavellian Villainy of Claudius: Murder, Deception, and Ambition
  • Hamlet's Struggle for Justice: The Role of Political Morality
  • The Foils of Polonius and Laertes: Pawns in Political Games
  • The Fate of Denmark: Chaos, Rebellion, and the Climactic Tragedy
  • Shakespeare's Political Commentary: Lessons for Society

Essay Title 3: "Hamlet" in a Contemporary Context: Adaptations, Interpretations, and the Play's Enduring Relevance

Thesis Statement: This essay examines modern adaptations and interpretations of "Hamlet," exploring how the themes, characters, and dilemmas presented in the play continue to resonate with audiences today, making "Hamlet" a timeless and relevant work of literature.

  • From Stage to Screen: Iconic Film and Theater Productions of "Hamlet"
  • Contemporary Readings: Gender, Race, and Identity in "Hamlet" Interpretations
  • Psychological and Existential Interpretations: Hamlet's Inner Turmoil in the Modern World
  • Relevance in the 21st Century: Themes of Revenge, Justice, and Moral Dilemma
  • Adapting "Hamlet" for New Audiences: Outreach, Education, and Cultural Engagement
  • Conclusion: The Timelessness of "Hamlet" and Its Place in Literature

Exploring The Success of Hamlet: a Timeless Tragedy

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Use of Dramatic Irony in Hamlet

Review of hamlet by william shakespeare, how hamlet is faking insanity: appearance vs reality in shakespeare's play, the representation of madness in shakespeare's text, hamlet, let us write you an essay from scratch.

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The Tragic Story of Hamlet

Reality and appearance: a comparison of hamlet and the revenger"s tragedy, the patriarchal power and female norms in hamlet, misogyny and female representation in hamlet, get a personalized essay in under 3 hours.

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"Act": The Theme of "Acting" in Hamlet

The question of hamlet's madness, analysis of ophelia's story through the context of gender and madness, death and revenge in hamlet, a play by william shakespeare, existentialism as a part of hamlet, revenge and its consequences in hamlet, claudius as the master of manipulation in hamlet, the important theme of madness in hamlet by william shakespeare, trickery and deception in hamlet by william shakespeare, the role of grief in shakespeare’s hamlet, reflection on the act 2 of shakespeare’s hamlet, hamlet by william shakespeare: the impact of parents on their children, the relationship between hamlet and horatio, revenge and justice in william shakespeare’s hamlet, justice and revenge in shakespeare's hamlet, hamlet's intelligence is the factor of his procrastination nature, the dishonesty of the ghost in hamlet, king lear and hamlet: freudian interpretation of the two plays, hamlet's procrastination: a study on his unwillingness to act, shakespeare's use of machiavellian politics in hamlet.

1603, William Shakespeare

Play; Shakespearean tragedy

Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Polonius

The play Hamlet is the most cited work in the English language and is often included in the lists of the world's greatest literature.

"Frailty, thy name is woman!" "Brevity' is the soul of wit" "To be, or not to be, that is the question" "I must be cruel to be kind" "Why, then, ’tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. To me, it is a prison."

1. Wright, G. T. (1981). Hendiadys and Hamlet. PMLA, 96(2), 168-193. (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/pmla/article/abs/hendiadys-and-hamlet/B61A80FAB6569984AB68096FE483D4FB) 2. Leverenz, D. (1978). The woman in Hamlet: An interpersonal view. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 4(2), 291-308. (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/493608?journalCode=signs) 3. Lesser, Z., & Stallybrass, P. (2008). The first literary Hamlet and the commonplacing of professional plays. Shakespeare Quarterly, 59(4), 371-420. (https://academic.oup.com/sq/article-abstract/59/4/371/5064575) 4. De Grazia, M. (2001). Hamlet before its Time. MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly, 62(4), 355-375. (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/22909) 5. Calderwood, J. L. (1983). To be and not to be. Negation and Metadrama in Hamlet. In To Be and Not to Be. Negation and Metadrama in Hamlet. Columbia University Press. (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/cald94400/html) 6. Kastan, D. S. (1987). " His semblable is his mirror":" Hamlet" and the Imitation of Revenge. Shakespeare Studies, 19, 111. (https://www.proquest.com/openview/394df477873b27246b71f83d3939c672/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1819311) 7. Neill, M. (1983). Remembrance and Revenge: Hamlet, Macbeth and The Tempest. Jonson and Shakespeare, 35-56. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-06183-9_3) 8. Gates, S. (2008). Assembling the Ophelia fragments: gender, genre, and revenge in Hamlet. Explorations in Renaissance Culture, 34(2), 229-248. (https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA208534875&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00982474&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Eebb234db)

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research paper on hamlet

Literary Theory and Criticism

Home › Drama Criticism › Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on July 25, 2020 • ( 2 )

With Shakespeare the dramatic resolution conveys us, beyond the man-made sphere of poetic justice, toward the ever-receding horizons of cosmic irony. This is peculiarly the case with Hamlet , for the same reasons that it excites such intensive empathy from actors and readers, critics and writers alike. There may be other Shakespearean characters who are just as memorable, and other plots which are no less impressive; but nowhere else has the outlook of the individual in a dilemma been so profoundly realized; and a dilemma, by definition, is an all but unresolvable choice between evils. Rather than with calculation or casuistry, it should be met with virtue or readiness; sooner or later it will have to be grasped by one or the other of its horns. These, in their broadest terms, have been—for Hamlet, as we interpret him—the problem of what to believe and the problem of how to act.

—Harry Levin, The Question of Hamlet

Hamlet is almost certainly the world’s most famous play, featuring drama’s and literature’s most fascinating and complex character. The many-sided Hamlet—son, lover, intellectual, prince, warrior, and avenger—is the consummate test for each generation’s leading actors, and to be an era’s defining Hamlet is perhaps the greatest accolade one can earn in the theater. The play is no less a proving ground for the critic and scholar, as successive generations have refashioned Hamlet in their own image, while finding in it new resonances and entry points to plumb its depths, perplexities, and possibilities. No other play has been analyzed so extensively, nor has any play had a comparable impact on our culture. The brooding young man in black, skull in hand, has moved out of the theater and into our collective consciousness and cultural myths, joining only a handful of comparable literary archetypes—Oedipus, Faust, and Don Quixote—who embody core aspects of human nature and experience. “It is we ,” the romantic critic William Hazlitt observed, “who are Hamlet.”

Hamlet also commands a crucial, central place in William Shakespeare’s dramatic career. First performed around 1600, the play stands near the midpoint of the playwright’s two-decade career as a culmination and new departure. As the first of his great tragedies, Hamlet signals a decisive shift from the comedies and history plays that launched Shakespeare’s career to the tragedies of his maturity. Although unquestionably linked both to the plays that came before and followed, Hamlet is also markedly exceptional. At nearly 4,000 lines, almost twice the length of Macbeth , Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest and, arguably, his most ambitious play with an enormous range of characters—from royals to gravediggers—and incidents, including court, bedroom, and graveyard scenes and a play within a play. Hamlet also bristles with a seemingly inexhaustible array of ideas and themes, as well as a radically new strategy for presenting them, most notably, in transforming soliloquies from expositional and motivational asides to the audience into the verbalization of consciousness itself. As Shakespearean scholar Stephen Greenblatt has asserted, “In its moral complexity, psychological depth, and philosophical power, Hamlet seems to mark an epochal shift not only in Shakespeare’s own career but in Western drama; it is as if the play were giving birth to a whole new kind of literary subjectivity.” Hamlet, more than any other play that preceded it, turns its action inward to dramatize an isolated, conflicted psyche struggling to cope with a world that has lost all certainty and consolation. Struggling to reconcile two contradictory identities—the heroic man of action and duty and the Christian man of conscience—Prince Hamlet becomes the modern archetype of the self-divided, alienated individual, desperately searching for self-understanding and meaning. Hamlet must contend with crushing doubt without the support of traditional beliefs that dictate and justify his actions. In describing the arrival of the fragmentation and chaos of the modern world, Victorian poet and critic Matthew Arnold declared that “the calm, cheerfulness, the disinterested objectivity have disappeared, the dialogue of the mind with itself has commenced.” Hamlet anticipates that dialogue by more than two centuries.

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Like all of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet makes strikingly original uses of borrowed material. The Scandinavian folk tale of Amleth, a prince called upon to avenge his father’s murder by his uncle, was first given literary form by the Danish writer Saxo the Grammarian in his late 12th century Danish History and later adapted in French in François de Belleforest’s Histoires tragiques (1570). This early version of the Hamlet story provided Shakespeare with the basic characters and relationships but without the ghost or the revenger’s uncertainty. In the story of Amleth there is neither doubt about the usurper’s guilt nor any moral qualms in the fulfillment of the avenger’s mission. In preChristian Denmark blood vengeance was a sanctioned filial obligation, not a potentially damnable moral or religious violation, and Amleth successfully accomplishes his duty by setting fire to the royal hall, killing his uncle, and proclaiming himself king of Denmark. Shakespeare’s more immediate source may have been a nowlost English play (c. 1589) that scholars call the Ur – Hamlet. All that has survived concerning this play are a printed reference to a ghost who cried “Hamlet, revenge!” and criticism of the play’s stale bombast. Scholars have attributed the Ur-Hamle t to playwright Thomas Kyd, whose greatest success was The Spanish Tragedy (1592), one of the earliest extant English tragedies. The Spanish Tragedy popularized the genre of the revenge tragedy, derived from Aeschylus’s Oresteia and the Latin plays of Seneca, to which Hamlet belongs. Kyd’s play also features elements that Shakespeare echoes in Hamlet, including a secret crime, an impatient ghost demanding revenge, a protagonist tormented by uncertainty who feigns madness, a woman who actually goes mad, a play within a play, and a final bloodbath that includes the death of the avenger himself. An even more immediate possible source for Hamlet is John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge (1599), another story of vengeance on a usurper by a sensitive protagonist.

Whether comparing Hamlet to its earliest source or the handling of the revenge plot by Kyd, Marston, or other Elizabethan or Jacobean playwrights, what stands out is the originality and complexity of Shakespeare’s treatment, in his making radically new and profound uses of established stage conventions. Hamlet converts its sensational material—a vengeful ghost, a murder mystery, madness, a heartbroken maiden, a fistfight at her burial, and a climactic duel that results in four deaths—into a daring exploration of mortality, morality, perception, and core existential truths. Shakespeare put mystery, intrigue, and sensation to the service of a complex, profound epistemological drama. The critic Maynard Mack in an influential essay, “The World of Hamlet ,” has usefully identified the play’s “interrogative mode.” From the play’s opening words—“Who’s there?”—to “What is this quintessence of dust?” through drama’s most famous soliloquy—“To be, or not to be, that is the question.”— Hamlet “reverberates with questions, anguished, meditative, alarmed.” The problematic nature of reality and the gap between truth and appearance stand behind the play’s conflicts, complicating Hamlet’s search for answers and his fulfillment of his role as avenger.

Hamlet opens with startling evidence that “something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” The ghost of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, has been seen in Elsinore, now ruled by his brother, Claudius, who has quickly married his widowed queen, Gertrude. When first seen, Hamlet is aloof and skeptical of Claudius’s justifications for his actions on behalf of restoring order in the state. Hamlet is morbidly and suicidally disillusioned by the realization of mortality and the baseness of human nature prompted by the sudden death of his father and his mother’s hasty, and in Hamlet’s view, incestuous remarriage to her brother-in-law:

O that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d His canon ’gainst self-slaughter! O God! God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie on’t! ah, fie! ’Tis an unweeded garden That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this!

A recent student at the University of Wittenberg, whose alumni included Martin Luther and the fictional Doctor Faustus, Hamlet is an intellectual of the Protestant Reformation, who, like Luther and Faustus, tests orthodoxy while struggling to formulate a core philosophy. Brought to encounter the apparent ghost of his father, Hamlet alone hears the ghost’s words that he was murdered by Claudius and is compelled out of his suicidal despair by his pledge of revenge. However, despite the riveting presence of the ghost, Hamlet is tormented by doubts. Is the ghost truly his father’s spirit or a devilish apparition tempting Hamlet to his damnation? Is Claudius truly his father’s murderer? By taking revenge does Hamlet do right or wrong? Despite swearing vengeance, Hamlet delays for two months before taking any action, feigning madness better to learn for himself the truth about Claudius’s guilt. Hamlet’s strange behavior causes Claudius’s counter-investigation to assess Hamlet’s mental state. School friends—Rosencrantz and Guildenstern—are summoned to learn what they can; Polonius, convinced that Hamlet’s is a madness of love for his daughter Ophelia, stages an encounter between the lovers that can be observed by Claudius. The court world at Elsinore, is, therefore, ruled by trickery, deception, role playing, and disguise, and the so-called problem of Hamlet, of his delay in acting, is directly related to his uncertainty in knowing the truth. Moreover, the suspicion of his father’s murder and his mother’s sexual betrayal shatter Hamlet’s conception of the world and his responsibility in it. Pushed back to the suicidal despair of the play’s opening, Hamlet is paralyzed by indecision and ambiguity in which even death is problematic, as he explains in the famous “To be or not to be” soliloquy in the third act:

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th’ oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely, The pangs of despis’d love, the law’s delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th’ unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death— The undiscover’d country, from whose bourn No traveller returns—puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action.

The arrival of a traveling theatrical group provides Hamlet with the empirical means to resolve his doubts about the authenticity of the ghost and Claudius’s guilt. By having the troupe perform the Mousetrap play that duplicates Claudius’s crime, Hamlet hopes “to catch the conscience of the King” by observing Claudius’s reaction. The king’s breakdown during the performance seems to confirm the ghost’s accusation, but again Hamlet delays taking action when he accidentally comes upon the guilt-ridden Claudius alone at his prayers. Rationalizing that killing the apparently penitent Claudius will send him to heaven and not to hell, Hamlet decides to await an opportunity “That has no relish of salvation in’t.” He goes instead to his mother’s room where Polonius is hidden in another attempt to learn Hamlet’s mind and intentions. This scene between mother and son, one of the most powerful and intense in all of Shakespeare, has supported the Freudian interpretation of Hamlet’s dilemma in which he is stricken not by moral qualms but by Oedipal guilt. Gertrude’s cries of protest over her son’s accusations cause Polonius to stir, and Hamlet finally, instinctively strikes the figure he assumes is Claudius. In killing the wrong man Hamlet sets in motion the play’s catastrophes, including the madness and suicide of Ophelia, overwhelmed by the realization that her lover has killed her father, and the fatal encounter with Laertes who is now similarly driven to avenge a murdered father. Convinced of her son’s madness, Gertrude informs Claudius of Polonius’s murder, prompting Claudius to alter his order for Hamlet’s exile to England to his execution there.

Hamlet’s mental shift from reluctant to willing avenger takes place offstage during his voyage to England in which he accidentally discovers the execution order and then after a pirate attack on his ship makes his way back to Denmark. He returns to confront the inescapable human condition of mortality in the graveyard scene of act 5 in which he realizes that even Alexander the Great must return to earth that might be used to “stop a beer-barrel” and Julius Caesar’s clay to “stop a hole to keep the wind away.” This sobering realization that levels all earthly distinctions of nobility and acclaim is compounded by the shock of Ophelia’s funeral procession. Hamlet sustains his balance and purpose by confessing to Horatio his acceptance of a providential will revealed to him in the series of accidents on his voyage to England: “There’s a divinity that shapes our ends, / Roughhew them how we will.” Finally accepting his inability to control his life, Hamlet resigns himself to accept whatever comes. Agreeing to a duel with Laertes that Claudius has devised to eliminate his nephew, Hamlet asserts that “There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ’tis not to come. If it be not to come, it will be now. If it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all.”

In the carnage of the play’s final scene, Hamlet ironically manages to achieve his revenge while still preserving his nobility and moral stature. It is the murderer Claudius who is directly or indirectly responsible for all the deaths. Armed with a poisonedtip sword, Laertes strikes Hamlet who in turn manages to slay Laertes with the lethal weapon. Meanwhile, Gertrude drinks from the poisoned cup Claudius intended to insure Hamlet’s death, and, after the remorseful Laertes blames Claudius for the plot, Hamlet, hesitating no longer, fatally stabs the king. Dying in the arms of Horatio, Hamlet orders his friend to “report me and my cause aright / To the unsatisfied” and transfers the reign of Denmark to the last royal left standing, the Norwegian prince Fortinbras. King Hamlet’s death has been avenged but at a cost of eight lives: Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencranz, Guildenstern, Laertes, Gertrude, Claudius, and Prince Hamlet. Order is reestablished but only by Denmark’s sworn enemy. Shakespeare’s point seems unmistakable: Honor and duty that command revenge consume the guilty and the innocent alike. Heroism must face the reality of the graveyard.

Fortinbras closes the play by ordering that Hamlet be carried off “like a soldier” to be given a military funeral underscoring the point that Hamlet has fallen as a warrior on a battlefield of both the duplicitous court at Elsinore and his own mind. The greatness of Hamlet rests in the extraordinary perplexities Shakespeare has discovered both in his title character and in the events of the play. Few other dramas have posed so many or such knotty problems of human existence. Is there a special providence in the fall of a sparrow? What is this quintessence of dust? To be or not to be?

Hamlet Oxford Lecture by Emma Smith
Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Plays

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Kottman, Paul A. “Why Think About Shakespearean Tragedy Today?” The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Tragedy , ed. Claire McEachern (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013): 240-61.

Langis, Unhae. “Virtue, Justice and Moral Action in Shakespeare’s Hamlet .” Literature and Ethics: From the Green Knight to the Dark Knight , ed. Steve Brie and William T. Rossiter (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2010): 53-74.

Lawrence, Sean. "'As a stranger, bid it welcome': Alterity and Ethics in Hamlet and the New Historicism," European Journal of English Studies 4 (2000): 155-69.

Lesser, Zachary. Hamlet after Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.

Levin, Harry. The Question of Hamlet . New York: Oxford UP, 1959.

Lewis, Rhodri. Hamlet and the Vision of Darkness . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.

Litvin, Margaret. Hamlet's Arab Journey: Shakespeare's Prince and Nasser's Ghost . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.

Loftis, Sonya Freeman, and Lisa Ulevich. “Obsession/Rationality/Agency: Autistic Shakespeare.” Disability, Health, and Happiness in the Shakespearean Body , edited by Sujata Iyengar. Routledge, 2015, pp. 58-75.

Marino, James J. “Ophelia’s Desire.” ELH 84.4 (2017): 817-39.

McGee, Arthur. The Elizabethan Hamlet . New Haven: Yale UP, 1987.

Megna, Paul, Bríd Phillips, and R.S. White, ed. Hamlet and Emotion . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

Menzer, Paul. The Hamlets: Cues, Qs, and Remembered Texts . Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2008.

Mercer, Peter. Hamlet and the Acting of Revenge . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987.

Oldham, Thomas A. “Unhouseled, Disappointed, Unaneled”: Catholicism, Transubstantiation, and Hamlet .” Ecumenica 8.1 (Spring 2015): 39-51.

Owen, Ruth J. The Hamlet Zone: Reworking Hamlet for European Cultures . Newcastle-Upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2012.

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Prosser, Eleanor. Hamlet and Revenge . 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1971.

Rosenberg, Marvin. The Masks of Hamlet . Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

Row-Heyveld, Lindsey. “Antic Dispositions: Mental and Intellectual Disabilities in Early Modern Revenge Tragedy.” Recovering Disability in Early Modern England , ed. Allison P. Hobgood and David Houston Wood. Ohio State University Press, 2013, pp. 73-87.

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White, R.S. Avant-Garde Hamlet: Text, Stage, Screen . Lanham: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2015.

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Hamlet Research Paper

This research paper will provide a comprehensive analysis of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet.” It will explore themes, character development, and the play’s significance in literature. The paper will delve into critical interpretations and the enduring relevance of Hamlet’s character and story. At PapersOwl, you’ll also come across free essay samples that pertain to Hamlet.

How it works

In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the author uses various literary devices to convey many themes and sentiments to the reader, via his characters’ actions. The play’s focal character – Hamlet – is one that transforms throughout the play quite drastically, yet it can be argued that it was all part of a greater plan. As Hamlet returns to the castle to hear news that his father is dead, it brings a grand amount of grief and sadness to him. Not only does he come to find out about his father’s death, but he also finds out that his own mother has married his uncle in the beat of a heart.

All these events lead to to his eventual insanity and revengeful acts towards his own uncle. However the fact that he did not act upon his malevolent desires right away, portrays that he still had sanity within his human state of mind. Shakespeare’s methodical way of writing this play makes the main events all more bold and intricate. As Hamlet arrives to the castle, he is ‘thrown off’, perse, due to all the disorder happening.

Having Hamlet the King dead brings all kinds of imbalances as the central figure of power is now non-existent. Not only does the ‘monarchy’ become abnormal, but so do the relationships among the royal family. Chaos is further emboldened as Queen Gertrude remarries her own brother-in-law, King Claudius with “most wicked speed” (1.2.31). Hamlet’s feelings of overwhelment are very well-displayed as the author implements the Great Chain of Being into his literary work. Given the context of the time this play was written in, the Elizabethan era, it makes sense that the hierarchy can be a religious-based one. At the time, Elizabethans believed that everything had its place in the Chain of Being, from God down to minerals; thus, it can be defined down to a Christian concept which explains and give details about the strict religious hierarchical structure of all matter and life in Shakespeare’s Hamlet (elizabethanenglandlife.com, Source #3). Coming from a Christian background, it becomes quite troubling for Hamlet to fulfill his want of having King Claudius dead – a life for a life – due to it going against his personal beliefs and morale.

The author purposely does this so that Hamlet’s development could be further highlighted as he starts on the road of retribution; he starts to question his identity and fundamental beliefs as he comes to understand that the world is not as ordered as he used to think – a great debate of his character. His Christian values almost seem to be a stumbling block: he wants to terminate Claudius’ life to have justice served and avenge the life of his dad, but is still hesitant as it contradicts with his rooted beliefs that he has known since day one. He feels ashamed – cowardly-like – and “baffled by his inability to act promptly; ‘the motive and the cue for passion’ (2.2.561) that Hamlet has [is] real and compelling, yet all he can do, as he says, is mope about it.” (Hamlet and Revenge, Source #1). He enters into this stage of confusion and loneliness, as he has no real support from the one person he seems to be soughting attention from – his mother the Queen. Not being able to have a clear mind, he is everyday one step close to going insane – an era of stagnancy. Shakespeare’s deliberate use of the Great Chain of Being allows for the reader to understand Hamlet’s deep sense of depression and almost sympathize with him; his arrival to Elsinore was one that took a great toll on him, leaving him in shock.

While King Claudius and the Queen just celebrated their marriage and new ruling, Hamlet seemed to fall out of place, as he still was mourning over the loss of his father – a fallen hero, a loved man. This ambiance of chaos is further highlighted as Hamlet seems to arrive to an “unweeded garden” (1.2.29) type of setting at the Castle. Shakespeare’s use of metaphorical imagery allows the reader to comprehend “how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable all the uses of this world [may seem]” (1.2.29) to Hamlet. The lack of harmony among the royal family was only the beginning of Hamlet’s road to avenging his father and eventually, their ultimate fall. As of consequence, the cost of Hamlet avenging his father, is the death of those around him – the royal family. His procrastination can be put to blame for him not being able to take full control of the situation and hence, costing the lives of many. However, Shakespeare’s complexity in the development of Hamlet allows for the reader to grasp a much more overarching concept that was bound to happen over the course of this revengeful plot. In the last scene, Hamlet was finally able to reach rest as he fulfilled his so-called purpose in life.

However, besides avenging his father’s “foul and most unnatural murder” (1.5.2), he “discovered the importance of Polonius’ injunction: ‘to not thine own self be true’.” (Hamlet’s Revenge Turns to Tragedy, THE AGE, Source #2). Not only does Shakespeare’s implementation of the Great Chain of Being further develop the theme of revenge but so does his style of characterizing Hamlet. Hamlet’s development is predominantly displayed by his inner thoughts – contemplating revenge – as the plot progresses. His complex thinking process is shown vividly by the constant appearances of his soliloquies. The seven soliloquies that Shakespeare implements into the novel are crucial for the reader to further understand Hamlet’s state of mind. In the soliloquies, the reader is able to better capture a sense of Hamlet’s reasoning and stance as to why he wants to avenge his father’s death so badly; as they become much more deductive, Hamlet is able to build a sense of identity of who he has come to be (post-father’s death).

As a result, it is as if the reader is embarking this journey alongside him, giving the overall theme of the novel a much more interpersonal connection and deeper meaning. The soliloquies offer a much more intimate and dramatic effect to the novel as Hamlet does not show this type of vulnerability in front of others. This private moment between the reader – audience – and Hamlet allows for there to be a better understanding of his personality and how it has become an underlying factor in his search for revenge. Shakespeare’s organization of the novel allows for the character’s transformation to be much more emboldened in various ways as Hamlet undergoes certain experiences that change him forever. Shakespeare’s intricate way of having the novel progress in a chronological organization allows for the reader to become more captivated of Hamlet’s given circumstances and feelings. It provides a substantial effect presided upon the audience as they are the ones to see Hamlet’s wretched state of mind first-handedly.

This functions to explain what is happening to Hamlet and how he feeds this want for revenge charged by his father in a ghost-like appearance. Hamlet’s frustration and isolation move him “to a state of melancholia: ‘But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue’.”(Hamlet’s Revenge Turns to Tragedy, THE AGE, Source #2). His grief can be seen as a blinding factor, in which it did not let him see the true purpose behind his vengeance. However, as the novel continued, Shakespeare was able to display his growth in being able to fully comprehend the true meaning of his actions, although it came to be a little too late for Hamlet. When Hamlet was finally able to exact his revenge and kill Claudius, he doesn’t really enjoy it much as Laertes had already struck him with a poisoned foil, leading to his death. In this case, Shakespeare portrayed revenge as a feeling in which Hamlet could not really derive satisfaction from – it was too late – rather more of just fulfilling a duty. Shakespeare further highlights Hamlet’s inability to take action, by including other characters capable of taking resolute revenge as required – Fortinbras traveled many miles to take his revenge and ultimately succeeded in conquering Denmark; Laertes plotted to kill Hamlet to avenge the death of his father, Polonius, in which he succeeded; in comparison to these characters it makes Hamlet’s revenge seem ineffectual.

By Shakespeare implementing this factor of delay on Hamlet’s revenge it helps highlight the concept of how Elizabethan revenge tragedies took place. Through this technique Shakespeare was able “to build Hamlet’s emotional and psychological complexity. The revenge itself ends up being almost an afterthought, and in many ways, is anticlimactic.” (Hamlet and Revenge, thoughtco.com, Source #4). Overall, Shakespeare’s well-written novel, Hamlet, was able to fully convey the theme of revenge as a focal point in the novel. With the use of many literary techniques, the author was able to fully embrace the theme of revenge and how it played a primary role in the development of Hamlet, including the people surrounding him. Hamlet’s perspective was further understood as the constant soliloquies allowed for his development to be furthered established in terms of his characterization and personal views.

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Hamlet Research Paper Topics

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Delving into Hamlet research paper topics reveals a world of intricate character studies, thematic explorations, and historical analyses that have captivated scholars for centuries. This page offers a treasure trove of potential Hamlet research paper topics, comprehensive guidance on choosing and approaching them, and a reliable support system for crafting a top-notch research paper on Shakespeare’s timeless tragedy. Whether you’re a budding scholar or a seasoned academic, journey with us through the enigmatic corridors of Elsinore Castle and immerse yourself in the depth and breadth of research avenues Hamlet offers.

100 Hamlet Research Paper Topics

Delving into Hamlet , one of Shakespeare’s most studied and quoted tragedies, opens up a plethora of research avenues. This play has intrigued scholars, students, and readers alike for centuries with its intricate characters, profound themes, and intricate narrative layers. To aid in your scholarly journey, here’s an exhaustive list of Hamlet research paper topics that spans across ten diverse categories.

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1. Character Analyses:

  • The complexities of Hamlet’s character: Is he mad or just pretending?
  • Ophelia: The tragic figure of innocence and its implications.
  • King Claudius: A study of his manipulative and political prowess.
  • Gertrude’s role and her relationship with Hamlet.
  • Laertes and his quest for revenge: A comparative study with Hamlet.
  • The significance of the Ghost in Hamlet .
  • Polonius: The political climber and the implications of his downfall.
  • Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: More than mere pawns?
  • Fortinbras: The shadow parallel to Hamlet.
  • The gravedigger scene: A study in existential thought.

2. Themes Explored:

  • The corrupting influence of revenge in Hamlet .
  • Death, decay, and disease: A recurring motif in the play.
  • The play within the play: A meta-theatrical study.
  • Madness vs. Sanity: Ambiguities in Hamlet .
  • Inaction vs. Action: Hamlet’s perpetual dilemma.
  • The moral implications of suicide in the play.
  • The role of fate and destiny in shaping events.
  • Deception and its various forms in Hamlet .
  • Love and betrayal: A recurrent thematic exploration.
  • The concept of loyalty and its fragile nature.

3. Historical and Political Context:

  • Elizabethan views on ghosts and its reflection in Hamlet .
  • The political undertones of Hamlet and its relevance to Elizabethan England.
  • Hamlet in the context of Renaissance humanism.
  • Reflections of Protestant and Catholic beliefs in the play.
  • The play’s depiction of monarchy and leadership.
  • Elizabethan views on revenge and their portrayal in Hamlet .
  • The role of women in Elizabethan society vis-a-vis Hamlet .
  • The Danish setting of the play: Historical accuracy and significance.
  • Hamlet in the light of Elizabethan theater conventions.
  • The influence of classical literature on Hamlet .

4. Symbolism and Motifs:

  • The significance of Yorick’s skull.
  • The symbolic representation of the ghost.
  • Water imagery in Hamlet and its relevance.
  • Flowers in Ophelia’s madness: More than mere decoration?
  • The symbolic weight of the fencing match.
  • The use and symbolism of poison in the play.
  • The recurring motif of ears and hearing.
  • The role of mirrors and reflection in Hamlet .
  • The symbolic dichotomy of light and darkness.
  • Nature and its symbolism throughout the play.

5. Literary Techniques and Structure:

  • The soliloquies of Hamlet: An introspective journey.
  • The use of rhymed verse vs. blank verse in the play.
  • Dramatic irony and its usage in Hamlet .
  • Shakespeare’s use of foils in the play.
  • The structural significance of the play-within-a-play.
  • Imagery and metaphor in Hamlet .
  • Hamlet ‘s narrative structure and pacing.
  • Use of asides and their dramatic significance.
  • The role and purpose of the Gravedigger scene.
  • The linguistic artistry in Hamlet’s dialogues.

6. Reception and Interpretations:

  • The changing perceptions of Hamlet over the centuries.
  • Freudian interpretations of Hamlet .
  • The feminist critique of Hamlet .
  • Hamlet in post-colonial discourse.
  • The play’s portrayal in modern media and film adaptations.
  • The influence of Hamlet on modern literature.
  • Hamlet in global theater: Different cultural interpretations.
  • Parodies and adaptations of Hamlet .
  • The reception of Hamlet during Shakespeare’s time.
  • Hamlet ‘s influence on pop culture.

7. Comparative Analyses:

  • Hamlet vs. Macbeth : A study in tragedy.
  • Ophelia and Lady Macbeth: Tragic women in Shakespeare’s plays.
  • Comparing the avengers: Hamlet and Laertes.
  • Hamlet and King Lear : Madness and royal intrigue.
  • The ghostly apparitions in Hamlet and Macbeth .
  • Comparative study of soliloquies in Hamlet and other Shakespearean plays.
  • Themes of betrayal in Hamlet and Othello .
  • Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet : A study in youth and tragedy.
  • The moral dilemmas in Hamlet and Measure for Measure .
  • Analyzing the tragic flaws in Hamlet and Othello .

8. Performance and Stagecraft:

  • The challenges of staging Hamlet .
  • Iconic portrayals of Hamlet in theater history.
  • The staging significance of the ghostly apparitions.
  • Modern interpretations and stagings of Hamlet .
  • Use of props and stage directions in the original play.
  • The role of music and sound in Hamlet performances.
  • Adapting Hamlet for contemporary audiences.
  • The challenges of portraying madness on stage.
  • Gender-bending roles in modern Hamlet productions.
  • The evolution of Ophelia’s character in stage performances.

9. Philosophical Underpinnings:

  • Existentialism in Hamlet .
  • The play’s exploration of the nature of truth and reality.
  • Hamlet and the Renaissance philosophy.
  • Free will versus determinism in Hamlet .
  • The play’s take on morality and ethics.
  • Hamlet’s confrontation with mortality.
  • The question of identity and self in Hamlet .
  • Hamlet ‘s take on the human psyche.
  • The concept of time and its philosophical implications in the play.
  • The clash of reason and passion in Hamlet .

10. Broader Cultural Impacts:

  • Hamlet ‘s influence on subsequent literary works.
  • The play’s impact on modern psychology, especially the Oedipus Complex.
  • How Hamlet has influenced popular culture icons.
  • Hamlet ‘s relevance in the discourse on mental health.
  • The play’s role in shaping Western thought on revenge.
  • The depiction of monarchy and its impact on subsequent political thought.
  • Hamlet in the classroom: Its role in education over the years.
  • The cultural legacy of Hamlet’s most quoted lines.
  • How Hamlet has shaped the portrayal of tragedy in literature.
  • The play’s ongoing relevance in discussions on morality and ethics.

With such a myriad of Hamlet research paper topics, this tragedy continues to be a goldmine for literary research, providing rich and varied avenues for scholars to explore. Whether you are examining the play’s characters, themes, historical context, or its broader cultural impacts, there is no shortage of fascinating questions to delve into.

Delving Deep into Hamlet – A Vast Landscape of Research Topics

Shakespeare’s Hamlet is undeniably one of the richest tapestries of literature, a masterpiece interwoven with intricate motifs, deep-seated philosophical ponderings, and an exploration of the human psyche that remains unsurpassed. It is a play that has intrigued scholars, writers, and readers for centuries, posing questions about life, death, morality, and the nature of existence. With each reading, we find ourselves uncovering another layer, another interpretation, another question. It is this depth and richness that provides a vast landscape for a multitude of Hamlet research paper topics.

The Enigma that is Hamlet

At the heart of the play is Prince Hamlet – a character so multi-faceted and enigmatic that interpretations about him have given birth to a myriad of Hamlet research paper topics. His internal struggle — a tussle between action and inaction — is an echo of the perennial existential crisis that has haunted mankind. Hamlet’s vacillation between sanity and apparent madness has been the focal point of countless psychoanalytical studies. Freudian interpretations posit his actions as reflections of an Oedipal Complex, while existential readings explore his musings as profound reflections on life’s inherent meaninglessness.

Thematic Goldmine

Hamlet delves into themes that are universal and timeless. The corrupting influence of revenge is evident not just in Hamlet but also in Laertes and Fortinbras, offering a comparative study in how individuals react to personal losses. Then there’s the omnipresent specter of death, looming large over the narrative, turning the play into a meditation on mortality. The decaying state of Denmark, often paralleled with the rotting moral fabric of its characters, is another rich avenue for exploration. The play-within-a-play, a meta-theatrical tool, not only serves as a device to ‘catch the conscience of the king’ but also as Shakespeare’s commentary on art mirroring life.

Historical Context and Political Undertones

Shakespeare’s plays often resonate with political and historical undertones, and Hamlet is no exception. Written during the Elizabethan era, it sheds light on the societal structure, religious beliefs, and political intrigues of the time. The representation of monarchy, the political machinations of Claudius, and the societal expectations of women like Ophelia and Gertrude, provide a deep dive into the Elizabethan worldview. Research into Hamlet can also illuminate the tensions of the Renaissance, caught between medievalism and the dawn of a new humanistic age.

Symbolism and Literary Techniques

For the literature purist, Hamlet offers a trove of symbols and literary devices. The ghost, serving both as a symbol of Hamlet’s haunted past and the purveyor of his vengeful future, stands as one of the most debated supernatural entities in literature. Ophelia’s flowers, Yorick’s skull, or even the ubiquitous imagery of rot and decay, each carry with them layers of meaning. Shakespeare’s deft use of soliloquies, especially the iconic “To be or not to be”, gives us an introspective window into Hamlet’s soul, while his use of dramatic irony, metaphors, and foreshadowing make the play a literary masterpiece.

Global Interpretations and Modern Adaptations

Hamlet ‘s enduring legacy is evident in its countless adaptations across the globe. It has been reimagined in films, plays, novels, and even operas. Each adaptation, whether it’s a Bollywood movie or a Japanese play, brings with it cultural nuances, offering a fresh perspective on the classic. The tragedy has been set in modern political scenarios, in corporate boardrooms, and even post-apocalyptic landscapes. These varied settings are testament to the play’s universal themes and its adaptability across times and cultures.

A Mirror to Society

Even today, Hamlet serves as a reflection of societal issues. Themes of mental health, especially surrounding Hamlet’s and Ophelia’s apparent descent into madness, provide poignant discussions in the light of modern understandings of psychology. The play’s exploration of morality, justice, and the very essence of humanity makes it relevant even in contemporary discourse.

In conclusion, Hamlet , with its depth and complexity, is akin to an intricate puzzle. With each piece we place, the picture becomes clearer, yet more pieces emerge from the shadows. For the avid researcher, the student of literature, or the casual reader, Hamlet is not just a play; it’s an invitation. An invitation to question, to interpret, to debate, and to discover. Whether you’re exploring the haunted corridors of Elsinore or diving deep into the recesses of Hamlet’s mind, the journey is bound to be enlightening. And as with all things Shakespearean, the more you delve, the more treasures you unearth.

How to Choose Hamlet Research Paper Topics

Shakespeare’s Hamlet , laden with rich themes, multi-dimensional characters, and intricate motifs, is an ideal platform for a plethora of research paper topics. However, zeroing in on a particular topic that resonates with your interest and aligns with the academic requisites can be a daunting task. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate this challenge and select the perfect research topic from the vast world of Hamlet .

  •  Begin with Personal Interest: Always commence your quest for a topic by examining what intrigues you the most about Hamlet . Your genuine interest will shine through in your research and writing, making the process more engaging and the final output more compelling.
  • Revisit the Text: Before diving into external sources, ensure you’ve read and re-read the play. Each reading might reveal new insights, themes, or character details you may have missed during earlier perusals. Familiarity with the text is paramount.
  • Delineate Broad Categories: Start by classifying your interests into broader themes, such as character analyses, thematic explorations, historical context, psychological perspectives, or literary techniques. This will give you a structured framework to refine your topic.
  • Explore Secondary Literature: There’s an expansive array of scholarly articles, critiques, and essays on Hamlet . Delve into this treasure trove to identify gaps in existing literature or to gain different perspectives that can shape your topic.
  • Consider Contemporary Relevance: Shakespeare’s works, especially Hamlet , have themes that resonate even in today’s world. You could choose to draw parallels between the play’s elements and modern societal, political, or psychological issues.
  • Cross-disciplinary Approaches: Don’t confine yourself to a purely literary perspective. Hamlet can be approached from a psychological standpoint (analyzing Hamlet’s psyche), sociological (examining the social structure in Denmark), or even political (power dynamics and machinations).
  • Opt for Comparative Analyses: You can contrast Hamlet with other works by Shakespeare or juxtapose it with plays from different eras or cultures that explore similar themes. Such comparative studies can provide fresh insights and deepen your understanding of universal literary themes.
  • Focus on Lesser-Explored Characters: While Hamlet, Ophelia, and Claudius often dominate Hamlet research paper topics, characters like Polonius, Laertes, or even the Gravedigger can offer unique perspectives and unexplored territories for research.
  • Analyze Symbolism and Motifs: Hamlet is rich with symbols—from Yorick’s skull to Ophelia’s flowers. Delving into these symbols can provide a deep understanding of Shakespeare’s narrative techniques and the play’s overarching themes.
  • Consider the Play’s Historical Context: Understanding the Elizabethan era, its societal norms, political climate, and historical events can provide a fresh lens to interpret the play and could form the basis of an intriguing research paper.

Choosing a topic for a research paper on Hamlet is like setting out on an exciting journey. With the vast richness of the play, the options might seem overwhelming, but with systematic approach, genuine interest, and thorough research, you can pinpoint a topic that’s both engaging and academically rewarding. Remember, the essence lies not just in choosing a topic but in exploring it with depth, passion, and originality.

Crafting a Stellar Hamlet Research Paper

Embarking on the journey of writing a research paper on Shakespeare’s Hamlet is both thrilling and demanding. The play, known for its intricate plot, profound themes, and multifaceted characters, offers an expansive field for research and analysis. But how do you ensure that your paper stands out, offering fresh insights while upholding academic standards? Here’s a detailed guide to help you craft an impeccable Hamlet research paper.

Before diving into the intricacies of the play, it’s essential to have a clear understanding of Hamlet ‘s place in Shakespeare’s oeuvre, its historical context, and its overarching themes. This provides a solid foundation upon which to base your arguments and analyses.

  • Begin with a Strong Thesis: Your thesis is the anchor of your research paper. It should be concise, clear, and arguable. Ensure it’s neither too broad nor too narrow. For instance, instead of a generic statement like “Hamlet has many themes,” hone in on a specific angle, such as “Exploring the duality of madness in Hamlet : genuine affliction versus strategic deception.”
  • Use Credible Sources: Given the vast number of essays, critiques, and analyses on Hamlet , it’s crucial to choose your sources judiciously. Rely on scholarly articles, established literary critiques, and academic publications. Remember to constantly cross-reference to ensure the accuracy of your citations.
  • Diverse Perspectives: Hamlet can be analyzed from numerous angles: psychological, feminist, existential, historical, and more. Don’t limit your research to just one viewpoint. Instead, explore diverse perspectives to offer a well-rounded analysis.
  • Delve Deep into Characters: Each character in Hamlet is a potential goldmine for research. Go beyond the surface analysis. For instance, instead of just outlining Ophelia’s descent into madness, delve into the societal and personal pressures that might have contributed to her tragic end.
  • Engage with the Play’s Symbolism: Shakespeare was a master of symbolism, and Hamlet is rife with it. The ghost, the play-within-the-play, Yorick’s skull, Ophelia’s flowers—each symbol is loaded with meaning and offers ample scope for analysis.
  • Contextual Analysis: Understanding the socio-political milieu of the Elizabethan era can provide valuable insights into the play’s themes and characters. Research the historical events, societal norms, and religious beliefs of the time to enrich your analysis.
  • Address Counterarguments: A strong research paper doesn’t just put forth arguments; it also addresses potential counterarguments. This not only strengthens your position but also showcases the depth of your research and analysis.
  • Write Clearly and Concisely: While it’s essential to be thorough, avoid the pitfall of verbosity. Ensure your arguments are clear, concise, and free from jargon. Each paragraph should have a clear focus and contribute directly to your thesis.
  • Quoting and Citations: When quoting from the play or secondary sources, ensure that you cite correctly. Whether you’re following APA, MLA, or Chicago/Turabian, consistency is key. Remember, proper citations not only prevent issues of plagiarism but also bolster the credibility of your paper.
  • Review and Revise: Once your draft is ready, set it aside for a while. Approach it later with fresh eyes. This will help you spot any inconsistencies, grammatical errors, or areas that need improvement. It’s also beneficial to have a peer or mentor review your work.

Writing a research paper on Hamlet is a rewarding endeavor. It’s a chance to engage deeply with one of Shakespeare’s most iconic works. With meticulous research, a clear focus, and a passion for the text, you can craft a paper that is both academically rigorous and deeply insightful. Remember, in the world of research, it’s not just about presenting facts but weaving them together in a way that offers fresh insights and deepens the reader’s understanding of the play.

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The world of Hamlet is one brimming with mystery, intrigue, and profound depth. Its intricate layers and subtexts can be both enthralling and intimidating. Yet, every challenge this play presents is an opportunity—an opportunity to delve deeper, to understand more, and to engage with one of Shakespeare’s most enduring masterpieces on an intimate level.

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research paper on hamlet

Research Paper On Hamlet

This sample paper on Research Paper On Hamlet offers a framework of relevant facts based on recent research in the field. Read the introductory part, body, and conclusion of the paper below.

Shakespeare’s hamlet is a complex play based on the royal family of Denmark. The king Hamlet dies and his wife Gertrude marries his brother Claudius Prince hamlet is not happy with the wedding and his thoughts are later confirmed when the ghost of his father tells him that he was murdered by Claudius.

Hamlet then starts to take revenge which eventually leaves everyone dead. In this essay I will be discussing act 1 scenes 4 and 5 in which the ghost appears, I will be looking at the events within the play that could be held responsible for the onset of hamlets madness or indeed his death.

I will consider both sides of the argument and acknowledge wether the appearance of the ghost was the catalyst of hamlets eventual demise. Act 1 scenes 4 starts of with horatio Marcellus and hamlet waiting impatiently for the ghost which Marcellus and horatio have seen “it then draws near the season wherein the spirit held his wont to walk” this also prove that the ghost is not just hamlets mind in a state of madness as the men witness the ghost before even notifying Hamlet.

Horatio states “Before my God, I might not this believe without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes.

Research Paper Topics About Shakespeare’s Plays

Considering stagecraft I would reckon that horatio hamlet and Marcellus would be standing fairly close together whilst having the conversation.

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Proficient in: Hamlet

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The atmosphere would be rather quiet and ominous and the tension would dramatically increase when the ghost enters. Horatio and Marcellus then try to stop hamlet from following the ghost “do not my lord” however hamlet is determined and explains to them that following the ghost will probably be the only way that he can know his fate and follows the ghost.

Hamlets first speech with the ghost show the doubts that exist in his mind about the nature of the ghosts apparition he says “Whither wilt thou lead me? Speak I’ll go no further. ” This shows doubt because hamlet was willing to follow the ghost to seek some guidance and answers but he’s now feeling unsure that this ghost or apparition may just be an evil spirit and therefore tells the ghost to stop as he will follow no more.

Hamlet then beckons the ghost to reveal what discord robbed his fathers peace, the ghost then tells the story of how Claudius his brother poured poison into his ears The ghost urges Hamlet to “Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder” (Act1 Scene 5 Line25) and informs him that “The serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown “(Act1 Scene5 Line 38). Considering the views of the audience at this point would be the essential difference between Catholicism and Protestantism the Catholics believe in Purgatory and Protestants do not.

The Protestant line is that if you lead a good life and have great faith in Christ’s ultimate sacrifice, a place in heaven is assured. Catholics though believe that immediately after death there is a period of purification, in Purgatory, before the deceased enters heaven. The opposing views are represented in the play by the Ghost, who comes from Purgatory and must have come back to make right the story of how he died in other words the ghost had unfinished business before he could go to heaven.

The Ghost then taunts Hamlet, telling him that it is part of every man’s honour to avenge his death. Hamlet then becomes a part of Denmark’s foulness and wretchedness when he agrees to avenge his father’s death. This is the beginning of a vicious cycle of hatred, death and revenge that destroys many lives. The ghost then departs leaving hamlet trapped in a dilemma of moral conflict and duty towards the promise he makes to his fathers ghost. Horatio and Marcellus come rushing in on the line my lord my lord! The exclamation mark used at the end of the lines by Shakespeare shows great urgency.

The ghost then cries out from under the stage, urging them to swear their secrecy. Obeying the spirit’s demands, Horatio and Marcellus pledge upon the cross of Hamlet’s sword that they will never speak a word of what they have seen and heard. Hamlet then tells them that he will pretend to be mad “these are but wild and whirling words” however Hamlet’s choice to put on an “antic disposition” leads to his downfall; it is a tragic error in judgement which destroys his relationship with Ophelia and Gertrude. Is the appearance of the ghost the catalyst for hamlets eventual demise?

Hamlet is certainly unhappy about the circumstances from before but his encounter with the ghost adds to his anguish trauma and despair, hamlets character undergoes a serious change after this meeting with his father’s ghost. However the question arises wether this is the only cause of hamlets madness which infact lead to his death. As we already know hamlets grief over the loss of his father was showing signs of consuming him. Some would argue that it was hamlets spontaneous killing of Polonius or maybe his choice of pretending to be mad actually turned him mad I feel that Hamlet has a tragic flaw in his personality and behaviour.

His flaw is that he is overly concerned with death and tragedy. This flaw or weakness in Hamlet leads him into a world of chaotic surroundings and madness. Hamlet’s flaw and his mad personality led to the death of several people, including his mother and the King of Denmark Hamlet is disheartened he ponders thoughts of suicide by his own soliloquy. “To be, or not to be; that is the question” Hamlet’s misery, or state of depression, was more easily perceived by an Elizabethan audience than would be by a modern one.

Shakespeare’s use of language generated the drama and tension in hamlet, the lack of special effects which were not available in Shakespeare times were accomplished by his use of language and the effect of writing throughout the play in form of poetry was very efficient. The meanings ideas and hamlets soliloquies were all used by Shakespeare to show hamlets isolation and despair. Shakespeare’s literary techniques and devices had a great impact on the audience; however compared to now the audience would expect more such as extraordinary devices and distinctive elements.

His use of dramatic and emotional vocabulary in Hamlet virtually all the way through arouses the audience’s attention and creates an exciting atmosphere. The phrase to be or not to be demonstrates Shakespeare’s intentions of building up an anxious and tense mood for the audience as they feel highly sympathetic towards the character. Shakespeare later uses the character of Laertes. Who is clearly a remorseless and bitter man in search for revenge for his late father’s death to build up the idea of hamlet as a victim once more.

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Research Paper On Hamlet

William Shakespeare: Hamlet’s Actions and Inactions Essay (Critical Writing)

“Hamlet” is a play for all times. Its protagonist is a contradictory and mysterious person. If he is guided by blind revenge or righteous feel of justice, why he hesitates and lingers to punish culprits if he is prudent or light-minded – these adages may be united under two maxims:” Look before you leap” and “He who hesitates is lost”. This paper is an attempt to analyze Hamlet’s actions and inactions to prove the authenticity of the application of these maxims to the protagonist.

Although the scene of the play is laid in the Danish Kingdom, the problems involve the whole of mankind to think over this play. In the first act, we get acquainted with Hamlet and it gives us some intellectual challenge. The protagonist is a noble hero, he has a philosophical set of minds, he judges everything from the height of moral virtues, but he has found himself in a complicated and even tragic predicament after having known about his mother and uncles betray. The old world is destructed, and the Ghost asks Hamlet to take responsibility and revenge for his father’s death and restore universal justice. Hamlet obeys the Ghost and is careless of consequences. Here we see the first “leap” of Hamlet because he takes too much upon himself. But this proves the Prince to be an ideal person of the Renaissance.

Hamlet disguises himself as a madman. He should convince everybody that he has gone insane. Being a jester gives an opportunity to tell everything he thinks about. The Prince gives praise to Human beings, calls him perfect, but here we hear the disappointment in life values. All Universal lacks any sense. Hamlet became animated when remembering an old play about the murder of Priam by Pyrrhus. This scene has a very emotional moment when the Prince remembers Priam’s wife Hecuba. For Hamlet it is very important: Hecuba is a faithful wife and Queen Gertrude – not. Anguish comes to the surface again, but reproaches about inaction mingle with this anguish. Why does he linger? Why not avenge his father’s death? He is angry with himself and calls himself pejorative names: “what a rogue and peasant slave am I” (Hamlet, Act II). This is an example of his hesitations.

The famous soliloquy “To be or not to be” is the culmination of Hamlet’s doubts. “To suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” (Hamlet, Act III) directly refers to the situation Hamlet is in: to fight against evil or avoid struggle. Desires controvert virtues. Hesitation is grounded on fear. The Prince is afraid to suffer a defeat. His views on life are destructed, and his goddess Justice is blind. Does he have enough powers to resist the temptation of inactivity and sleep peacefully? Once again, the Prince is prevented from action by his hesitancy. Hamlet does not moralize. He is lost in the world, lost in his hesitations. He cannot draw a demarcation line between reality and his feigned insanity. Hamlet chooses “to be”, but “to be” means to die. He claims that death is inevitable, but hesitates because it is unknown as well. The soliloquy expresses Hamlet’s torment of mind. He is determined to kill the King, but he is unsure if it will bring good or harm.

Now nothing can stop Hamlet and there is a right moment. Hamlet finds Claudius praying, but he cannot kill him. The prayer defends the King and Hamlet does not want him to die sinless. It leads to Heaven, but Claudius does not deserve it. And here Hamlet should think before he leaps. The Prince just excuses his hesitation by waiting for some other appropriate fatal occasion. He wants his revenge to be perfect and edifying. If not – he refuses it completely. He has no time to consider the circumstances and kills Polonius, once more “leaping” before thinking.

Laertes wants to compete in fencing with Hamlet and kill him during this duel. Laertes’ sword will be poisoned and the Prince will die from the wound. Hamlet is tortured by forebodings of evil. Horatio suggests declining the duel. But Hamlet’s response astonishes by its wisdom. Come what may, what must be will be, there exists some Divine power that rules the world – such thoughts occur in Hamlet’s mind for the first time.

Hamlet is uncertain whether he can believe the Ghost. He scruples to trust everybody: Ophelia, Horatio, Gertrude. He is even unsure of himself. When a troupe of actors comes, he gets inspired with his new intention. To re-act, the murder of his father means to punish the culprits. Hamlet mocks the evils of life, thus trying to delete them from reality. He is just satisfied when everybody sees that it is his uncle who has killed Hamlet’s father. His suspicions are confirmed, but he never tries to return for evil. And it happens but by an accident. Hamlet makes no attempt to punish the King. So Hamlet “leaps” into the struggle, but with much hesitation. On one hand, he is a loser, because he died, on the other – a winner, because culprits endured the punishment. He reflects upon his infirmity but does not try to put his intentions into practice. He is obsessed with thinking, not acting. This is his essence and escapes from reality. Only death can bring deliverance and oblivion from uncertainty.

Hamlet is not remarkable for willpower or determination, foresight and deep consideration. But we enjoy refined thoughts and genuine sentiments of his. The Prince lacks deliberateness in actions; he rushes to the whirl of life on the spur of the occasion. If Hamlet were a man of action, he might have killed Claudius at once together with the Queen. And everybody would think him to be a cruel murderer. If he were more prudent, he could have avoided his death and become a King himself. But could he be a good King for his people? A hesitating and indiscreet king can ruin his kingdom. He could save Ophelia, innocent victim of his indifference, Laertes, noble and loving brother. But Hamlet breaks the equilibrium of imaginative and authentic worlds, and reality turns out to be crueler than his fictional insanity. Skepticism, accompanying Hamlet, makes him vulnerable, as only strong beliefs can bring to actions. What if Hamlet has not believed the Ghost at all? Maybe it is conscience that came to him, and if he had not listened to it, his life would be full of scruples of remorse facing his father’s memory. Hamlet, the flesh and blood of his mother, wanted to sentence her to death, and if he had not been stopped by the Ghost, a fatal mistake could have been made.

It is controversial if Hamlet is a hero or a pure madman with judicious observations; his motives are mixed and vague. But we can find Hamlet in ourselves. Like him, we hesitate before an important decision and overestimate our powers. It is in human nature and when Hamlet speaks, he speaks on behalf of all people.

Works Cited

Shakespeare William. Hamlet. NY: Dover Publications, 2004.

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Hamlet Paper - Ambiguity of Hamlet's Madness

Type of paper: Research Paper

Topic: Women , Shakespeare , Family , Parents , Death , Father , Hamlet , Ghost

Words: 1200

Published: 02/22/2020

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Hamlet is a tragic play which was written by William Shakespeare. It revolves around Hamlet, a prince who is traumatized by the tragic death of his father, Old King Hamlet. Later, his life totally changes when he is informed by a ghost that his later father did not actually face a natural death, but was murdered by his uncle Claudius who later assumes the throne and marries his mother. He then behaves strangely, pretends to be insane as he turns mad on his mother, uncle and Ophelia. This paper seeks to determine if Hamlet was actually insane. As an ambiguous play, it is quite challenging to ascertain if Hamlet was made or not. However, it is apparent to acknowledge that his strange behavior after his father’s death was a sign of madness. At first, he turns against his mother whom he accuses of her sexual immorality. He is not pleased by her decision to be remarried by Claudius. As Edwards (2005, 77) exclaims, to him, it is not proper ‘to be in the hands of another man just a few days after the death of her husband.’ He describes her to be in a dire need of sexual fulfillment. In fact, he accuses her of having a strange sexual appetite which can not be satisfied. Later, he becomes infuriated by Claudius when he learns that he is responsible for the death of his father. ‘He appears to act mad when he hears of his father’s murder. At the time he speaks "wild and whirling words." [Act I, Scene v, lines 127-134]. This prompts him to launch a revenge mission because it is the right thing to do to the person who killed his late father. Moreover, he continues to do funny things such as delivering shocking speeches about his madness and deteriorating his friendship with Ophelia who has been his sweetheart. Definitely, this is a quite extra-ordinary behavior which can not be displayed by a sane and stable mind. Despite this kind of conduct, I would like to say that Hamlet is not mad. However unique it may appear, it is clear that this is a calculated move. It is the only thing which can enable him to overcome the situation in which he found himself. As an inferior person, he is instructed to launch a revenge attack on the king. Ordinarily, this can not be a simple task because it comes with lots of challenges. It is a very risky thing to organize to kill such a senior person. Thus, it necessitated Hamlet to act mad. In this regard, I would like to point out that he decided to pretend to be mad. In his opinion, it was such a claim that would enable him to execute his ill motivated plans. He knew very well that he could not openly declare his plan to kill the king. Otherwise, he would be murdered just like his late father. He therefore proves that he is not mad because he could not promptly react to the ghost’s instructions. He intentionally opts to delay his mission. This is something which can not be done by an insane. If, by any chance, he had become mad, he would have acted blindly. Meaning, he would take his weapons and start hunting for his perceived enemy. However, as a sane individual, he takes time to design a strategy which would suit his plans. This explains why he ‘secretly conducts investigations regarding this matter’ (Irace, 2000: 49). In fact, he pretends to be mad while carrying out investigations to determine if the ghost had told him the truth about the killing of his father. This does not portray him as a mad person. If it were not for this thoughtful decision, the king would have learnt about his plans long before he executed them. No insane can be such careful because they would just act without conducting any research. If confronted with such a situation, an insane would immediately react without thinking. However, Hamlet proved otherwise regardless of the magnitude of Claudius’ offences against him. Moreover, he behaves so funnily towards Ophelia. Unknown to many, he is just acting by pretending to be crazy. At one time, it makes Polonius; Ophelia’s father is compelled to warn his daughter to be wary of Hamlet whom he does not approve to his strange behavior. He says of him, ‘He knew me not at first; he said I was a fishmonger: he is far gone, far gone: and truly in my youth I suffered much extremity for love; very near this’ (2.2.8). This happens after he verbally abused her and going ahead to stab her father in the guts. However, Hamlet proves that he has not been insane when he behaves normally after the death of his lover. He says that he was actually the only person who was in a true love with Ophelia. He insists that his love could not be compared to that of Laertes who also claims to have been involved in a romantic relationship with Ophelia. Eventually, Hamlet pretence can be observed when he delivers long philosophical speeches. At one time, he says, ‘How strange or odd soe'er I bear myself, As I perchance hereafter shall think meet, to put an antic disposition on’ (1.5.58) However, to the observers, he is nothing, but mad. They do not know that this is just a calculated move adopted by the sane Hamlet to disguise his sanity to the king. As an enemy, Claudius is not supposed to sense anything that ‘could enable him to know about Hamlet’s plans’ (Bate and Eric Rasmussen, 2007, 116). His speeches were quite philosophical and needed a bright mind to comprehend. However, this was taken for granted because no one understood his intentions. Surprisingly, after accomplishing his mission, he does not let people know about it. He keeps it secret to himself. This is another proof that he was acting to be mad. If he were mad, he would have told everyone about his success. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that Hamlet was melancholic, but not mad. The harmful deterioration of his mind was prompted by the circumstances in which he found himself. In fact, his melancholic condition was increased by the ghost who made him to turn against his mother, uncle, Ophelia and Laert. Despite his strange conducts, Hamlet was not mad. Otherwise, he would not have kept the secret of whatever action he had planned to execute and eventually succeeded in killing Claudius as instructed by the ghost. If it were set in the contemporary society, he would qualify to be a depressed person who was stressed by the tragic loss of his father and unsatisfactory actions by his mother.

Works Cited

Bate, Jonathan, and Eric Rasmussen, eds. Complete Works. By William Shakespeare. The RSC Shakespeare. New York: Modern Library, 2007.print. Edwards, Phillip, ed. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New Cambridge Shakespeare ser. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print. Irace, Kathleen. The First Quarto of Hamlet. New Cambridge Shakespeare ser. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

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‘Sunset Boulevard,’ Heading to Broadway, Wins Big at Olivier Awards

The musical, which stars Nicole Scherzinger, won seven awards at Britain’s version of the Tonys. And Sarah Snook won best actress for “The Picture of Dorian Gray.”

Dancers silhouetted against a huge projection of a face.

By Alex Marshall

A reimagining of Andrew Lloyd Webber’s “Sunset Boulevard,” starring Nicole Scherzinger as Norma Desmond, the long forgotten silent movie star who descends into madness, was the big winner at this year’s Olivier Awards, Britain’s equivalent of the Tonys.

The musical, which will open at the St. James Theater on Broadway this fall , was honored Sunday during a ceremony at the Royal Albert Hall in London with seven awards, including best musical revival, best actress in a musical for Scherzinger, best actor in a musical for Tom Francis, as the screenwriter who falls for Desmond’s charms, and best director for Jamie Lloyd.

The number of awards was hardly a surprise. After the musical opened last fall, critics praised Lloyd’s stark production, especially highlighting its contemporary twists that included using cameras to zoom in on characters’ faces, then beam their emotions onto a screen at the back of the stage.

Matt Wolf, writing in The New York Times , said that Lloyd’s production belonged firmly “to the here and now.” With this show, the director “takes an established musical by the scruff of the neck and sends it careering into the modern day,” Wolf added.

Sarah Hemming, in The Financial Times , was among the critics to praise Scherzinger’s magnetic performance. “She’s not afraid to look scary or ridiculous,” Hemming said, “but there’s also a strung-out vulnerability about her. And when she sings, she pins you to your seat with the harrowing intensity of her delivery.”

“Sunset Boulevard” beat several other acclaimed productions to the best musical revival award, including “Guys & Dolls” at the Bridge Theater and “Hadestown” at the Lyric Theater.

A host of musicals and plays shared the night’s other major prizes. “ Operation Mincemeat ,” a word-of-mouth hit about a bizarre World War II counterintelligence plot that is running at the Fortune Theater, won best new musical. While “ Stranger Things: The First Shadow ,” a prequel to the Netflix show, now at the Phoenix Theater, was chosen as best new entertainment or comedy play.

The best new play award went to James Graham’s “ Dear England ,” about the English national soccer team, which transferred to the West End from the National Theater.

In the hotly contested acting categories, Sarah Snook (“Succession”) was named best actress for “ The Picture of Dorian Gray ,” a solo show running through May 11 at the Theater Royal Haymarket. Snook plays all 26 roles, often interacting with recorded projections of her characters.

Before Sunday’s ceremony, some critics had expected the best actor award to go to Andrew Scott for a similarly dazzling solo performance: a one-man “ Vanya ” at the Duke of York’s Theater. In the end, the prize went to Mark Gatiss for his role as the revered actor and director John Gielgud in “ The Motive and the Cue ,” a play by Jack Thorne that dramatizes the fraught backstage relationship between Gielgud and Richard Burton as they worked on a Broadway show. Like “ Dear England ,” that play ran at the National Theater before transferring to the West End.

Alex Marshall is a Times reporter covering European culture. He is based in London. More about Alex Marshall

Arts and Culture Across Europe

New productions of “Macbeth” and “Hamlet” in Paris follow a French tradition of adapting familiar works . The results are innovative, and sometimes cryptic.

The internet latched on to 16-year-old Felicia Dawkins’ performance as The Unknown at a shambolic Willy Wonka-inspired event . Now she’s heading to a bigger and scarier stage in London.

When activists urged Tate Britain in London to take an offensive artwork off its walls, the institution commissioned Keith Piper  to create a response instead. The result recently went on display.

The new National Holocaust Museum in Amsterdam has been in the works for almost 20 years. It is the first institution to tell the full story  of the persecution of Dutch Jews during World War II.

At a retrospective of John Singer Sargent’s portraits in London, where the American expatriate fled after creating a scandal in Paris, clothes offer both armor and self-expression .

The street artist Frank “Frankey” de Ruwe has been delighting Amsterdam with his whimsical, witty pieces .

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