Research Methods and Techniques

Research design.

  • Replicated study : This is a research that is carried out with the same procedures as a previous study but with different participants. It is done to verify or refute the findings of the previous study.
  • Longitudinal vs Cross-sectional studies : Longitudinal studies monitor the same participants over an extended period of time, while cross-sectional studies compare different groups of participants at the same time.
  • Case studies : These are in-depth studies of a single individual/unit. They are often used when it’s impossible or unethical to conduct controlled experiments.
  • Correlational studies : These studies are used to investigate the relationship between two variables, but they cannot determine causality.

Data Collection Methods

  • Self-report techniques : This includes methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and diaries where participants are asked to provide information about themselves.
  • Observations : This can be naturalistic (observing in a natural setting) or controlled (observing in a lab setting).
  • Experiments : This involves manipulating one variable and measuring the effect on another variable. It can be conducted in a lab, field or through natural/ quasi experiments.

Sampling Methods

  • Random sampling : Each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
  • Systematic sampling : Every nth member of the population is chosen.
  • Stratified sampling : The population is divided into subgroups based on certain characteristics (e.g. age, sex), and participants are selected from each subgroup.
  • Opportunity sampling : The sample consists of participants who are available and agree to take part.

Data Analysis

  • Descriptive statistics : Used to summarise and describe the data collected. Measures include mean, median, and mode.
  • Inferential statistics : Used to draw conclusions about the population based on the data collected from the sample. It includes hypothesis testing and statistical significance.

Ethical Considerations

  • Informed consent : Participants should be fully informed about the nature of the research and agree to participate voluntarily.
  • Deception : Researchers should avoid deceiving participants wherever possible, and if used, participants should be debriefed afterwards.
  • Confidentiality : Participants’ identity and responses should be kept confidential.
  • Protection from harm : Researchers should ensure that participants are not subjected to physical or psychological harm.

AS & A-Level OCR Psychology Past Papers

All of the following past exam papers were produced by OCR for the latest Psychology specification. The most recent past papers are always locked for teacher use only, so these will not be published when they are available to everyone. We also offer questions, notes and videos for this and many other subjects at our A-Level revision section.

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OCR A-Level Sociology Papers

Welcome to our OCR A-Level Sociology Papers page! Here you'll find everything you need to prepare for your exams, including past papers, exam tips, and frequently asked questions about Papers 1, 2, and 3. Our expert resources will help you succeed in your studies and achieve your goals.

June 2022 OCR A-Level Sociology (H580) Past Papers

  • 2022 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2022 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2022 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

November 2021 OCR A-Level Sociology (H580) Past Papers

  • 2021 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2021 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2020 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

November 2020 OCR A-Level Sociology (H580) Past Papers

  • 2020 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2020 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2019 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

November 2020 OCR AS-Level Sociology (H180) Past Papers

  • 2020 | AS Level Sociology H180/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2020 | AS Level Sociology H180/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme

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June 2019 OCR A-Level Sociology (H580) Past Papers

  • 2019 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2019 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2018 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

June 2019 OCR AS-Level Sociology (H180) Past Papers

  • 2019 | AS Level Sociology H180/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2019 | AS Level Sociology H180/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme

June 2018 OCR A-Level Sociology (H580) Past Papers

  • 2018 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2018 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2017 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

June 2018 OCR AS-Level Sociology (H180) Past Papers

  • 2018 | AS Level Sociology H180/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2018 | AS Level Sociology H180/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme

OCR A-Level Sociology Past Papers (H180, H580) OCR A-Level Sociology June 2017

  • 2017 | A-Level Sociology H580/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2017 | A-Level Sociology H580/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2016 | A-Level Sociology H580/03 – Debates in Contemporary Society Question Paper Mark Scheme

OCR A-Level Sociology June 2016

  • 2016 | AS Level Sociology H180/01 – Socialisation, culture and identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2016 | AS Level Sociology H180/02 – Researching and understanding social inequalities Question Paper Mark Scheme

OCR A-Level Sociology - Past Papers (H181, H581) OCR A-Level Sociology June 2016

  • 2016 | Unit G671: Exploring Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2016 | Unit G672: Topics in Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2016 | Unit G673: Power & Control Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2016 | Unit G674: Exploring Social Inequality & Difference Question Paper Mark Scheme

OCR A-Level Sociology June 2015

  • 2015 | Unit G671: Exploring Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2015 | Unit G672: Topics in Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2015 | Unit G673: Power & Control Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2015 | Unit G674: Exploring Social Inequality & Difference Question Paper Mark Scheme

OCR A-Level Sociology June 2014

  • 2014 | Unit G671: Exploring Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2014 | Unit G672: Topics in Socialisation, Culture & Identity Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2014 | Unit G673: Power & Control Question Paper Mark Scheme
  • 2014 | Unit G674: Exploring Social Inequality & Difference Question Paper Mark Scheme

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→ what is ocr a-level sociology.

OCR A-Level Sociology is a course offered by the Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations (OCR) board that focuses on the study of society, its structures, and its problems. It is one of the most popular A-Level courses in the United Kingdom.

→ What are OCR A-Level Sociology papers?

OCR A-Level Sociology papers refer to the exams that students take as part of the OCR A-Level Sociology course. These exams are typically taken at the end of the course and assess the knowledge and skills that students have acquired during their studies.

→ What is OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 1?

OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 1 is one of the three exams that students take as part of the OCR A-Level Sociology course. It focuses on the study of socialisation, culture, and identity. The exam consists of two sections: Section A, which involves short answer questions, and Section B, which involves essay questions.

→ What is OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 2?

OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 2 is another exam that students take as part of the OCR A-Level Sociology course. It focuses on the study of research methods, including quantitative and qualitative research methods. The exam consists of two sections: Section A, which involves short answer questions, and Section B, which involves essay questions.

→ What is OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 3?

OCR A-Level Sociology Paper 3 is the final exam that students take as part of the OCR A-Level Sociology course. It focuses on the study of sociological theories and debates. The exam consists of two sections: Section A, which involves short answer questions, and Section B, which involves essay questions.

→ How can I prepare for OCR A-Level Sociology papers?

To prepare for OCR A-Level Sociology papers, it is important to have a good understanding of the course content, including the theories and concepts that are covered in each exam. It is also helpful to practice past papers and to work through any areas of weakness with a tutor or teacher.

→ Where can I find past papers for OCR A-Level Sociology?

Past papers for OCR A-Level Sociology can be found on the OCR website, as well as on other educational websites and online forums. These past papers are a valuable resource for students who are looking to prepare for their exams, as they give them an idea of the format and types of questions that they can expect to see.

→ What are some tips for writing essays in OCR A-Level Sociology papers?

When writing essays in OCR A-Level Sociology papers, it is important to carefully read the question and to plan out your answer before you begin writing. It is also important to use evidence from the course material to support your arguments, and to use appropriate sociological terminology and concepts. Finally, make sure to proofread your work for any errors or typos before submitting it.

research methods ocr past paper

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Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

At michigan state university, frib professorial assistant earns goldwater scholarship.

Aaron Philip, a professorial assistant at FRIB, has earned a  Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship , becoming Michigan State University’s fifty-fifth Goldwater Scholar.

The Goldwater Foundation seeks sophomores and juniors committed to a research career in STEM fields with the potential for significant future contribution in their chosen field. The award provides $7,500 per year in funding for 51 students for undergraduate tuition and living expenses.

For the 2024 Goldwater Scholarship competition, 1,353 undergraduates were nominated by 446 institutions. Philip was among 438 scholars selected. The funding for the award is a collaboration between the U.S. Congress and the Department of Defense’s National Defense Education Program.

Philip is a second-year Michigan State University student from Los Alamos, New Mexico studying Physics and Advanced Mathematics in the College of Natural Science. He is also a member of the Honors College.

“I am honored and humbled to join the ranks of Spartan Goldwater Scholars. I share this recognition with my professors, research mentors, fellow students, and family who have all supported me and cultivated my passion to pursue a career in physics research,” Philip said. “Specifically, I would like to thank my research mentors over the past few years for their guidance, encouragement, and mentorship: Drs. Pablo Giuliani, Kyle Godbey, Witek Nazarewicz, Odelia Schwartz, Jianliang Qian, and Benjamin Nebgen.”

Philip is passionate about pursuing a career in research addressing micro-scale physics problems using analytic approaches, high performance computing, and AI. He has contributed to diverse research projects through his roles as a professorial assistant at FRIB, a Discovering America researcher with MSU’s Math Department, a student intern at the Theoretical Division of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and as a Computer Science Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) student at the University of Miami.

“Aaron joined our nuclear theory research group at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams at Michigan State University in August 2022 as an undergraduate research assistant. An incoming first-year undergraduate student, he came extremely well prepared to directly work in forefront research and quickly managed to get acquainted with the necessary tools and background knowledge,” Kyle Godbey, a research assistant professor at FRIB, and Witold Nazarewicz, John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Physics and chief scientist at FRIB, said.

“During the course of his work, Aaron was able to reach a level of mastery of theoretical and computational methods on par with the current experts in the field. We consider ourselves to be incredibly lucky to have Aaron as a member of our research group and we have no doubt that he will go on to have a successful research career,” Godbey and Nazarewicz said.

“Aaron’s research at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams has been exemplary, and his mentorship activities embody the values of care and support that empower excellence at the MSU Honors College. We congratulate Aaron on being named a Goldwater Scholar,” Long said.

Philip has written two papers and presented at various conferences, including MSU’s Mathematics and Data Science Conferences, the University of Miami’s Computer Science REU Poster Presentation, and a LANL Lab Directed Research and Development Review. He also serves as a student tutor through the Mathematics Learning Center and at East Lansing High School.

“Congratulations to Aaron on this esteemed achievement,” said FRIB Laboratory Director Thomas Glasmacher. “Being named a Goldwater Scholar is a testament to Aaron’s dedication and outstanding efforts. We are so proud he is furthering his research pursuits at FRIB and honored to be part of his journey as he prepares to become a leader in our field.”

Read the original article on the  MSUToday website .

Michigan State University operates the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams as a user facility for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), supporting the mission of the DOE-SC Office of Nuclear Physics.

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  22. FRIB professorial assistant earns Goldwater Scholarship

    Aaron Philip, a professorial assistant at FRIB, has earned a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, becoming Michigan State University's fifty-fifth Goldwater Scholar.The Goldwater Foundation seeks sophomores and juniors committed to a research career in STEM fields with the potential for significant future contribution in their chosen field. The award provides $7,500 per year in funding for 51 ...