do your homework in sign language

Search and compare thousands of words and phrases in American Sign Language (ASL). The largest collection online.

How to sign: preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home)

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Similiar / Same: prep , preparation

Categories: schoolwork , school assignment

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How to sign homework in American Sign Language

Sign #1 (1 of 1), sign instructions:.

This sign is done by signing "home" and then "work". However, in this instance "home" is signed by only pressing your hand on your face once instead of twice. After this, sign "work" by having your non-dominant hand in front of you with your palm orientation downward and your dominant hand tapping against your non-dominant hand 2 times.

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About the Author

Paul Kelly, a nationally certified sign language interpreter and the founder of howdoyousign.com, has dedicated his career to bridging communication gaps through sign language. As a CODA (child of deaf adult), with deep personal and professional roots in the deaf community, Paul brings a unique blend of personal insight and professional expertise to his work.

His experiences range from legal to entertainment interpreting, including teaching sign language to celebrities like Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson. His passion for innovation is evident in the AI-driven features of this dictionary, aiming to make sign language more accessible for all.

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How to learn American Sign Language: All you need to know to master ASL

If you have ever pondered how to learn and sign ASL fluently, then you'll love to read this post. In this article, we dive deep into the structure and learning steps of American Sign Language. You'll also get to learn expert tips and strategies that make ASL learning easier in this comprehensive guide to everything you need to know about learning American Sign Language. Let's dive in.

Ever since William Stokoe published the first ASL dictionary in his days at Gallaudet University, American Sign Language (ASL) has taken its place as one of the most popular means of communication in the United States; especially in the Deaf community. The   manual signs, facial expressions and complex grammar that make up ASL are not only used by people that are Deaf or Hard of Hearing but by hearing people as well.

How Long Does It Take To Learn ASL?

It takes between 3 months and a year to learn American Sign Language, but proper mastery and understanding of the language takes years. Linguists claim that learning the ASL alphabet and basic concepts takes 10-15 weeks but learning advanced terms, constructing sentences, and understanding conversations in (ASL) American Sign Language takes several months and, in some cases, over a year.

To become an expert in ASL and communicate fluently with ASL signers, it would take years of constant learning and practice.

You should also know that the time frame for learning American Sign Language depends on your level of dedication, the amount of time you put into its learning, and your learning curves and ability to understand new concepts quickly.

So, is American Sign Language hard to learn? Let's take a closer look at that.

Is American Sign Language (ASL) Hard To Learn?

American Sign Language isn't harder to learn than any other oral or natural language. Like other oral languages, American Sign Language-ASL has its rules of grammar and syntax that must be mastered to get a proper understanding of the sign language. Proper learning and signing of ASL starts with understanding the basic concepts of ASL and the American Sign Language alphabet before moving on to more advanced concepts.

You should know that the level of difficulty when learning ASL depends on your goals with the language. For instance, a person who wants to learn ASL just to understand the basic concepts of sign language like signing "hello!" or “goodbye” will find ASL easier to learn because he or she will not dive deep into the advanced concepts of ASL.

However, an American Sign Language student that is studying the language to become an American Sign Language interpreter will face more advanced American Sign Language  classes that offer proper ASL to English and English to ASL interpreting services.

To make learning ASL easier, experts advise sign language students that want to learn American Sign Language to follow certain tips. Let's check out these tips next.

Tips To Learn American Sign Language (ASL)

The following expert tips will make learning ASL fun and easier:

1. Practise as much as possible - like all languages,  practice is key to improving your sign language. The more you will be immersed in ASL, the easier it will be for you! 

2. Learn in groups - The best way to learn American Sign Language is to learn together with other students. This way, you get people to learn and practice with and you also get fellow students to motivate you to keep going.

3. Learn directly from the Deaf - Use SignOn - SignOn connects the hearing and Deaf communities through authentic virtual learning interactions that give American Sign Language learners the unique opportunities to communicate one-on-one with a Deaf ASL Ambassador. Users can personalize their experience choosing to practice everything from basic vocabulary to daily conversation. Use Meetup  - This website has lists of the largest ASL groups in the US. There are  many free practice groups organised throughout the US for all ASL levels. You will find many of these groups on Facebook. 

4. Learn ASL in steps - Learning American Sign Language-ASL isn't any more difficult or different than learning any other language. You should start with the basic signs and concepts before moving to the advanced topics. When you learn in steps, you won't get overwhelmed when introduced to advanced concepts in ASL.

If you are looking to learn some basic signs, check out our YouTube channel ASL Bloom ! Our team will introduce you to your first signs. Our videos cover many topics such as the alphabets, the colours, family etc. A good place to start is our 25 basic signs in ASL video. 

Using an ASL dictionary is also an essential tool when learning sign language. An ASL dictionary contains ASL signs, hand gestures, verb inflections, and more. ASL Bloom has an integrated sign language dictionary. It contains every sign used in its lessons. 

Next to a dictionary, you can also use an American Manual Alphabet Illustration Chart.  This chart identifies ASL manual alphabets and signs using fingerspelling, handshapes, and sign language letters. This is an item that all ASL students and signers must have.

4. Devote time to learning American Sign Language - The more time and effort you put into learning ASL, the quicker you'll learn and master the sign language. An example of this might be: practice ASL vocabulary 10-15 minutes a day, connect with a member of the Deaf community through SignOn or a Deaf Meetup 1-2  times a week for 6 to 9 months.

5. Watch instructional videos - ASL is a demonstrative language that is communicated through facial expressions and body movements. When you watch people use and communicate with signs, you'll learn sign language quicker.

If you would like to watch videos in American Sign Language, we recommend checking out the website OIC movies. They offer a lot of videos on a wide variety of content: news, history, comedy etc... 

6. Volunteer in community programs and outreaches - When you take volunteer jobs, you get first-hand practical experience on how to learn and use American Sign Language.

The Hearing, Speech & Deaf Center and Bridges for Deaf and Hard of Hearing offers many volunteering positions to practice your ASL skills and support the Deaf community. We recommend also checking out your local association for any opportunities. 

7. Take additional American Sign Language classes - To master ASL, you'll need to draw knowledge from different sources, lessons, and classes. Taking extra sign language classes or online courses exposes you to more details about ASL.

8. Use ASL tools, programs, and software to support your learning - You can also register for an online class and use the online resources to buffer your understanding of American Sign Language.  With our ASL learning app, ASL Bloom , you will be able to learn American Sign Language anywhere and at any time in a fun and effective way. The learning experience consists of 20 modules, each on a different topic and with specific learning outcomes. Try out our premium level to unlock all the learning content! 

9. Relax your fingers and hands - Signing ASL involves making hand shapes and this can be a tiring process especially if you have stiff fingers. Relaxing and wiggling your fingers periodically will help you increase your signing speed and should be able to sign ASL for longer periods.

10. Make mistakes - When learning ASL, don't be afraid to make mistakes because you learn more from mistakes. When you sign incorrectly, you can be corrected by other signers and avoid making the same mistake again.

11. Use facial expressions as much as hand signs - In ASL, hand signs and fingerspelling help to convey the information or message to the audience but facial expressions set the tone and feel of the speaker. You can't sign "sadness or happiness" without expressing it with your face.

12. Set goals you want to achieve - When you set ASL goals, it becomes easier to track your progress and achieve the set goals.

Why Should You Learn American Sign Language-ASL?

Here are the top reasons you should learn American Sign Language:

1. Learning ASL not only teaches you how to communicate with a Deaf person, but you also learn about the cultural values of Deaf people and Deaf culture in the United States

2. Learning ASL will open career opportunities for you as a Sign Language interpreter or ASL instructor. You can render Sign Language interpreting services to Universities, firms, government and private-owned companies, and news publication companies.

3. Learning ASL-American Sign Language is a great way to improve your language skills and communication skills.

4. Learning ASL American Sign Language allows you to use hand gestures and ASL manual alphabets as a means of communication.

5. When you learn American Sign Language, it becomes easier to communicate with a Deaf friend or native signer.

6. American Sign Language brings people together and increases the sense of togetherness between hearing people and Deaf people in the United States.

7. Learning American Sign Language helps to sharpen your mind and cognitive skills. ASL also helps to develop a deep neural network and improve your hand-to-eye coordination.

8. As an ASL user, you get to decode body language and read cues easily.

9. Learning to sign ASL makes it easier to learn other types of Sign Languages including British Sign Language (BSL) and French Sign Language (LSF). ASL language acquisition also makes it easier to handspeak with other signers from different countries.

Is ASL The Universal Sign Language?

You should know that ASL sign language is not the Universal Sign Language. Though there are certain parts of ASL that you will come across in LSF and BSL, these sign languages also have unique structures that make them different from ASL.

It's like knowing and using the British English language and American English language. Though both languages are "English languages", there are still certain parts of both languages that make them different from each other, such as their vocabulary, 1phonology and grammatical usage. The same is the case with ASL, BSL, and LSF. All three sign languages are unique and there is no one universal sign language.

Final Words

In summary, the benefits of learning American Sign Language are numerous. By learning the language, you can communicate effectively with hearing and Deaf people alike. You also get to learn about the rich history of the Deaf culture while connecting with other ASL students.

The career opportunities that become open to you from being able to sign ASL are many. With all of these benefits, it's no surprise that more people enrol in ASL language classes every day.

You can take practical classes on American Sign Language and the manual alphabet or register for online lessons. Regardless of which way you choose to learn ASL, proper dedication, study, and practical experience of the language will go a long way in ensuring that your ASL education goes easily. You should also remember that learning the sign language alphabet and basics first will aid you to understand the sign language better.

As long as you devote time and effort to learning ASL and you follow the tips discussed in this article, you will become an ASL expert in no time.

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If you start now you are more likely to keep learning in near future!

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How you can take a dozen American Sign Language classes for free

PHOENIX — Communication is key, especially during a crisis.

That’s a key reason a language learning company plans to offer free American Sign Language classes for our deaf and hard of hearing community.

So many times, in a moment of urgency, there’s an audible alarm which is unrecognizable for the deaf and some hard of hearing.

A company called Promova will offer free ASL classes for hearing people to know a few signs for the deaf, when a crisis happens.

Promova is a Ukrainian word for speech, an apt name for a Ukrainian-based company looking to bridge language barriers internationally.

”Promova aims to make the world a more inclusive space,” said Alisa.

So as ASL Day approaches, those like Alisa are advocating for those who are deaf by sharing what it’s been like for them during the war in Ukraine.

”There’s this community of deaf people in Ukraine that is really suffering because they cannot hear air raids," she said. "They have no time to go to the shelters, or the explosion happens and someone is under the rubble. They have no connection with the person looking for them because the main cue for finding someone under rubble is giving them a sound."

In a moment of urgency or crisis like a fire or a shooting, there’s not always time to type out a message for someone who is deaf or hard of hearing.

RELATED: ABC15 story helps spur an increase in specialized smoke alarms for the deaf

In fact, with over 11-million people in the U.S. who are deaf, only about 500,000 use ASL to communicate.

We’ve previous reported from the Arizona Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, there’s over a million people who are deaf in our state, with only 20,000 who use ASL.

So starting on ASL Day this Monday, April 15, Promova will start offering a dozen free, mini ASL lessons online.

Animations start with teaching ASL greetings, ordering food and eventually covers communication in emergency situations.

”We think it’s really devastating to see the gap between hearing community and the deaf community and sometimes this gap can cost lives,” said Alisa.

ASL Day is celebrated as the day the American School for the Deaf in West Hartford, Connecticut first opened. That’s widely known as the first lasting deaf school.

Hearing communities are encouraged to celebrate by learning some basic signs to help bridge the gap between hearing and deaf communities.

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More From Forbes

How to find a true fiduciary financial advisor.

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Aaron Cirksena is the founder and CEO of MDRN Capital .

In the financial services industry, the term “fiduciary” gets thrown around a lot—so often, in fact, that it can start to lose meaning. A simple definition of a fiduciary is a person or organization that puts their clients’ interests first, ahead of their own.

But in reality, not every advisor who claims to be a fiduciary lives up to the name. Bad actors in the industry can call themselves fiduciaries while advising clients in ways that advance their own agendas. It’s up to you as a discerning investor to find an advisor who is honest, trustworthy and genuinely wants to help you make the best possible financial decisions for your goals. Here are my recommendations for learning how to identify advisors who are true fiduciaries and how to avoid those who are just paying lip service to the name.

Redefining Fiduciary

The SEC outlines two main responsibilities of a fiduciary investment advisor: duty of care and duty of loyalty. A fiduciary must provide financial advice and take action with the needs of their clients in mind. But the SEC’s definition is so broad that it can have a wide variety of interpretations. A fiduciary has the “duty to provide advice,” but doesn’t every financial advisor do that? They also have the duty to provide “monitoring over the course of the relationship,” but this could be defined as the duty to check a box once a year saying they met with their clients.

A true fiduciary goes beyond simply complying with regulations. They develop a long-term plan for every client based on their needs today, tomorrow and a decade or more from now. They don’t just have you fill out a risk questionnaire and then lump you into the same portfolio structure they recommend for everyone. A fiduciary takes the time to figure out what is important to you —your individual goals, values and priorities—and then decide which tools in their toolbelt are the best fit. They coordinate your investment plan with your tax and estate plans, working with other professionals and offering a holistic, personalized approach to provide you with the best possible service.

Apple Confirms Major iPhone Changes With New App Features Enabled

Aew dynamite results, winners and grades as cm punk destroys jack perry, chiefs rashee rice hit with 8 criminal charges in connection to multi car crash, red flags to watch out for.

When looking for a financial advisor, keep an eye out for two warning signs.

1. They tout themselves as a 100% fee-based fiduciary.

Commission has suddenly become a bad word in our industry, and some advisors pride themselves on being completely fee-based. But for a typical advisor's 60/40 portfolio , you might pay a 1.5% fee on 40% of a portfolio that will likely return 3% or 4%. This is mind-blowing to me.

I believe an advisor should help you understand all the options available to you, outlining their advantages and disadvantages and potential risks and rewards, so you can make your own educated decisions. If there are investment opportunities that are a good fit for your needs and that compensate your advisor without taking money out of your pocket, I think they are worth exploring.

2. They are adamantly opposed to certain types of investments.

Most investment products out there have their place for the right client at the right time. If an advisor is dead set against entire categories of investments—whether real estate, annuities, CDs or protected notes—ask yourself why they feel so strongly. I've often found that there is a hidden reason for their opposition. Maybe they're not licensed to sell certain products or their compensation structure doesn't incentivize them to do so.

I don't think any advisor worth their salt should ever pass their bias on to a client, declaring: This type of investment is always bad. Instead, they should say: This is how this investment works, and here are situations when it may make sense to use it.

Strategies For Finding A True Fiduciary Advisor

1. do your homework..

The internet is your friend here. You're no longer limited to working with only the advisors in your city. You can choose a virtual advisor across the country who has expertise working with people who have similar investment needs.

Look for advisors with positive reviews, and reach out to those you want to know more about. Ask them questions about their advisory approach, and request references from current clients. Ask people for details about their experience: How is the service level? How did the advisor treat you? Do you feel like they listened to you and educated you on your options? Do you think they've developed a plan for you that is more than just investments?

2. See how they can add value to your life.

Your circumstances are uniquely your own, and you want an advisor who can help you develop an overarching financial plan that goes beyond just investments. Get clear on what would be most valuable to you in a fiduciary relationship—for example, tax assistance, legacy planning or mortgage advice—and seek out an advisor who can fill that role.

3. Make sure you feel comfortable with them.

This person is going to play an important part in your financial future, and you have to trust them and feel confident that they're looking out for what's best for you. Do a gut check when you talk to a potential advisor. Are they a good personality and communication fit? Do you feel comfortable being honest with them, and do you think they will reciprocate that honesty and openness?

A true fiduciary is your financial partner: someone who advises you and acts on your behalf to get you closer to your goals. Prioritize finding an advisor who offers options and insights to educate and empower you at every stage.

Forbes Finance Council is an invitation-only organization for executives in successful accounting, financial planning and wealth management firms. Do I qualify?

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WORK in sign language

Learn how to sign 'work' in American Sign Language (ASL). Also, watch how an ASL-speaking baby develops the ASL word in language acquisition.

ASL signs for 'work'

How do you say 'work' in ASL?

Meaning: a job or activity that you do regularly especially in order to earn money; the place where you do your job; activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.

Pronunciation/articulation: Dominant "S" (handshape), palm down (orientation), dominant wrist taps twice (movement) on the top of the passive or non-dominant "S" handshape.

" Work. -- Throw right "A" hand down against the left 'A' hand two or three times so that the lower side of right wrist strikes the top side of left wrist. (With both hands in position of 'A' throw wrists together.) Same sign followed by 'much' signifies 'busy'." (1910) Ref

Kids say the darndest thing

Kids say the darndest thing in sign language. Watch what three-year-old Juli says in ASL with a sense of humor.

Observe a couple of things in the video. At age 3, this child signed left-handed and one-handed while holding a spoon in her right hand, even though she was right-handed. Yet, it was still comprehensible. Perhaps it's an analog to vocally talking while munching.

At this age, children from baby to preschool age may sign comfortably with either hand, but over time, it usually forms into a dominant hand (mostly right-handed).

Another observation is that the child demonstrated a sense of humor! She teased her mother, joking about her father's different job.

Baby signing WORK in ASL

Watch the timelapse video (2015) of how the baby Juli acquires the ASL word WORK on the phonological level from babbling to word (sign) as how her language develops from one word to a sentence in a time lapse.

This baby began with the "5" handshape, one of a few unmarked handshapes. Then quickly evolved to "A" and finally "S", both also other two of the unmarked handshapes.

The baby's concept of work was probably generic in her observation based on these patterns: dad's wearing a firefighter uniform associated with being gone and then back; mom carrying a black workbag being gone and then back.

Psst... did you know that baby Juli's first babbling word was WORK? Not MILK. Nor MOM. Well, that's a long story. :D

Another "did you know that?" Studies show that babbling emerges at about 6-7 months in both speech and signing. Google neuroscientist Dr. Laura Petitto's work.

Another interesting thing is that the dominant condition shows in the baby Juli's WORK-based babbling. It means that one hand moves only as shown in a regular ASL sign, even the sign/word has the same handshape and movement in both hands, except for palm orientation.

Related signs: PROFESSION , CAREER , VOCATION , TRADE, LABOR .

"Choose a JOB you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life." -- Confucius.

Word associations: WORKFORCE , WORKAHOLIC

Opposite: PLAY .

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~~ Feeling lucky? ¯\__(°_o)__/¯ Random Word ~~

Search/Filter : Enter a keyword in the filter/search box to see a list of available words with the "All" selection. Click on the page number if needed. Click on the blue link to look up the word. For best result, enter a partial word to see variations of the word.

Alphabetical letters : It's useful for 1) a single-letter word (such as A, B, etc.) and 2) very short words (e.g. "to", "he", etc.) to narrow down the words and pages in the list.

For best result, enter a short word in the search box, then select the alphetical letter (and page number if needed), and click on the blue link.

Don't forget to click "All" back when you search another word with a different initial letter.

If you cannot find (perhaps overlook) a word but you can still see a list of links, then keep looking until the links disappear! Sharpening your eye or maybe refine your alphabetical index skill. :)

Add a Word : This dictionary is not exhaustive; ASL signs are constantly added to the dictionary. If you don't find a word/sign, you can send your request (only if a single link doesn't show in the result).

Videos : The first video may be NOT the answer you're looking for. There are several signs for different meanings, contexts, and/or variations. Browsing all the way down to the next search box is highly recommended.

Video speed : Signing too fast in the videos? See HELP in the footer.

ASL has its own grammar and structure in sentences that works differently from English. For plurals, verb inflections, word order, etc., learn grammar in the "ASL Learn" section. For search in the dictionary, use the present-time verbs and base words. If you look for "said", look up the word "say". Likewise, if you look for an adjective word, try the noun or vice versa. E.g. The ASL signs for French and France are the same. If you look for a plural word, use a singular word.

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Islam Makhachev fires back at UFC stars who called him out for inactivity… ‘Do your homework’

After being called out for his apparent inactivity, lightweight champion Islam Makhachev has fired back at several fighters set to compete at UFC 300.

UFC lightweight champion Islam Makhachev has made it crystal clear that he wants to face Dustin Poirier in the summer, but the Dagestani wrestler isn’t rolling over as top contenders continue to question his activity.

The lightweight champ has been in the firing line for several weeks

Whilst Charles Oliveira vs Arman Tsarukyan has been promoted as a number one contender’s bout, there is a certain expectation that a spectacular performance in the BMF title fight could also provide Makhachev’s next opponent.  

Yet back in March, Makhachev questioned the point of a BMF title fight between Justin Gaethje and Max Holloway being put together, given the title pictures at both 145lbs and 155lbs:

“I don’t want to make people upset, but this is a useless fight for a useless belt. Nobody gains anything from this fight…For me, and for the [lightweight] division, the fight means nothing.”

Holloway responded by suggesting that Makhachev had purposefully avoided facing Justin Gaethje earlier in the year and that the champion was making a habit of only accepting bouts when it suited him :

“I saw Islam talk about, ‘Oh, this fight makes no sense and blah, blah, blah’. I’m like brother, you should’ve fought Justin in February…You should’ve turned around and came [back in] February. He’s complaining like ‘I can’t get fights’ [but] I’m like it’s because you’re only fighting around the times you want to fight.”

“It’s not you can’t get fights, you’re just not taking the fights that are offered,” claimed Holloway, who is set to make his second foray into the 155lb weight division this weekend at UFC 300 :

MORE BLOODY ELBOW NEWS

“If he really wanted to fight, I thought he would’ve turned around and fought in February.”

• UFC 300 : Former bantamweight champion is confident of a title shot providing win

It ain't even Islam Makhachev fight week and everyone's talking about him lol 😂 — General⚡Usman (@UsmanTime) April 10, 2024

Islam Makhachev fires back at inactivity comments

Those comments from Max Holloway have been reiterated by several top contenders during the build-up to UFC 300, with Charles Oliveira notably criticizing Makhachev for calling out fighters in other weight divisions ; yet refusing to acknowledge ‘do Bronx’ directly.

Now, the lightweight champion has fired back at comments surrounding not only his inactivity, tweeting out a rather to-the-point receipt of the number of fights that each of them has had in the past few years:

“For the record: Since 2021 I fought 7 times, while Holloway did 5 and Justin just 4. Do your homework before talking trash about your champ.”

Speaking of trash-talking, both Makhachev and Poirier verbally agreed to a summer clash back in March, following ‘The Diamond’ earning a stunning comeback KO of Benoit Saint-Denis, sharing hand-shaking emoji with the champ noting “Want to fight brotha, no more wait.”

However, those respectful words appear to have turned bitter in the weeks leading up to UFC 300, with Makhachev later sharing : “Dustin if you could beat anybody, you’d be holding this belt right now, not me,” followed by, “His level is: permanent contender, how many title losses, 2? 3?”

• TITLE FIGHT : Michael Bisping makes official prediction for UFC 300 co-main event

See you soon — The Diamond (@DustinPoirier) April 11, 2024

Bobby Green also calls out Makhachev ahead of his own UFC 300 fight

Before either Oliveira, Tsarukyan, Gaethje, or Holloway make the walk on Saturday evening, two legends will collide on the early prelims when Bobby Green faces Jim Miller .

At the pre-fight media day , Green also took the opportunity to call out Islam Makhachev for his perceived inactivity, sharing how he is part of a select group of athletes who “are going to fight as much as we can.”

“We’re trying to fight all the time and stay in front of that before our time is up, so you have to respect that about them. The other guys, like Islam Makhachev, are taking their time and stuff; if you want to be that star or that guy, you have to take those chances and risks.”

UFC 300 goes down this weekend from the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, this weekend exclusively on PPV.

• DEBATE : The best 5 fights on UFC 300’s record-breaking card, and Pereira vs Hill isn’t first

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IRS reminder: 2024 first quarter estimated tax payment deadline is April 15

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• Estimated tax payments |  ASL

IR-2024-95, April 5, 2024

WASHINGTON —The Internal Revenue Service today advised taxpayers, including self-employed individuals, retirees, investors, businesses and corporations about the April 15 deadline for first quarter estimated tax payments for tax year 2024.

Since income taxes are a pay-as-you go process, the law requires individuals who do not have taxes withheld to pay taxes as income is received or earned throughout the year. Most people meet their tax obligations by having their taxes deducted from their paychecks, pension payments, Social Security benefits or certain other government payments including unemployment compensation.

Generally, taxpayers who are self-employed or in the gig economy are required to make estimated tax payments . Likewise, retirees, investors and others frequently need to make these payments because a significant portion of their income is not subject to withholding.

When estimating quarterly tax payments, taxpayers should include all forms of earned income, including part-time work, side jobs or the sale of goods or services commonly reported on Form 1099-K .

Income such as interest, dividends, capital gains, alimony and rental income is normally not subject to withholding. By making quarterly estimated tax payments, taxpayers can avoid penalties and uphold their tax responsibilities.

Certain groups of taxpayers, including farmers and fishers, recent retirees, individuals with disabilities, those receiving irregular income and victims of disasters are eligible for exceptions to penalties and special regulations .

Following recent disasters, eligible taxpayers in Tennessee , Connecticut , West Virginia , Michigan , California and Washington have an extended deadline for 2024 estimated tax payments until June 17, 2024. Similarly, eligible taxpayers in Alaska , Maine and Rhode Island have until July 15, 2024, and eligible taxpayers in Hawaii have until Aug. 7, 2024. For more information, visit Tax relief in disaster situations .

In addition, taxpayers who live or have a business in Israel, Gaza or the West Bank, and certain other taxpayers affected by the terrorist attacks in the State of Israel , have until Oct. 7, 2024, to make estimated tax payments.

Paying estimated taxes

Taxpayers can rely on Form 1040-ES, Estimated Tax for Individuals , for comprehensive instructions on computing their estimated taxes.

Opting for the IRS Online Account streamlines the payment process, allowing taxpayers to view their payment history, monitor pending payments and access pertinent tax information. Taxpayers have several options to make an estimated tax payment, including IRS Direct Pay , debit card, credit card, digital wallet or the Treasury Department's Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS) .

To pay electronically and for more information on other payment options, visit IRS.gov/payments . If paying by check, be sure to make the check payable to the "United States Treasury."

Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax , offers detailed information for individuals navigating dividend or capital gain income, alternative minimum tax or self-employment tax, or who have other special situations.

The IRS recommends taxpayers use the Tax Withholding Estimator tool to accurately determine the appropriate amount of tax withheld from paychecks.

Regularly monitoring withheld taxes helps mitigate the risk of underpayment, reducing the likelihood of unexpected tax bills or penalties during tax season. It also allows individuals to adjust withholding upfront, leading to larger paychecks during the year and potentially smaller refunds at tax time.

Filing Options

The IRS encourages people to file their tax returns electronically and choose direct deposit for faster refunds. Filing electronically reduces tax return errors because tax software does the calculations, flags common errors and prompts taxpayers for missing information.

The IRS offers free online and in-person tax preparation options for qualifying taxpayers through the IRS Free File program and the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance and Tax Counseling for the Elderly programs .

In addition, the Direct File pilot program, a new option that allows eligible taxpayers to file their federal tax returns online directly with the IRS for free, is currently available in 12 participating states.

Assistance available 24/7 on IRS.gov

IRS.gov offers tax assistance 24/7. To address general tax concerns, taxpayers can access various online tools on the IRS website, to include the Interactive Tax Assistant , tax topics and frequently asked questions to get answers to common questions.

The IRS has also posted translated tax resources in 20 other languages on IRS.gov to communicate to taxpayers who prefer to get information in other languages. For more information, see the IRS Languages page on IRS.gov.

More information:

⦁     Topic no. 653, IRS notices and bills, penalties, and interest charges

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Sign Language Phrases

Practice Sheet: 01.A 01. "YOU NAME?" (You are named what?) Also see: (What is your name?) 02. "DEAF YOU?" (Are you Deaf?) 03. "STUDENT YOU?" (Are you a student?) 04. "YOUR TEACHER NAME 'HUH'?" (What is your teacher's name?) 05. "YOU UNDERSTAND HE/SHE? " (Do you understand him/her?) Practice Sheet: 01.B 06. "WHO HE/SHE?" (Who is he/she?) 07. "AGAIN, NAME YOU?" (What is your name again?) 08. "S/HE STUDENT S/HE?" [point at teacher] (Is she or he a student?) 09. "THIS YOUR?" [point at any object] (Is this yours?) 10. "WHERE ____" [spell the name of a person in the room]

Practice Sheet: 01.C 11. "NICE MEET-you" (It is nice to meet you.) 12. "HEARING YOU?" (Are you a hearing person?) 13. "ASL TEACHER YOU?" (Are you a teacher?) 14. "YOU LEARN SIGN, WHERE?" (Where are you learning sign?) 15. "YOU LEARN SIGN, WHY ?" (Why are you learning sign?)

Practice Sheet: 01.D 16. "HOW SIGN T-H-A-N-K-S?" (How do you sign "thanks?") 17. "STUDENT, HE/SHE ?" [point at other student] (Is she or he a student?) 18. "THEY LEARN SIGN?" (Are they learning sign language?) 19. "YOUR TEACHER, WHO?" (Who is your teacher?) 20. YOU LIKE LEARN SIGN? (Do you like learning sign language?)

Practice Sheet: 02.A 01. HEY, NAME YOU? ( "Hey, what's your name?" ) 02. YOU MARRIED? ( "Are you married?" ) 03. CHILDREN YOU? ( "Do you have children?" ) 04. YOU SISTER HOW-MANY? ( "How-many sisters do you have?" )(Also see: 2 ) 05. YOUR MOM NAME 'HUH'? ( "What is your mom's name?" )

Practice Sheet: 02.B 06. YOUR DAD DEAF? ( "Is your dad deaf?" ) 07. YOU WORK WHERE? ( "Where do you work?" ) 08. YOU LIVE WHERE ? ( "Where do you live?" ) 09. THIS HIS/HERS? [point at any object] (Is this his?) 10. HOW YOU SIGN W-E? [spell "we"] ( "How do you sign the word 'we'?" ) Practice Sheet: 02.C 11. YOU NAME B-O-B, YOU? ( "Is your name Bob?" ) 12. YOU DIVORCED YOU? ( "Are you divorced?" ) 13. HOW-MANY BROTHER YOU? ( How many brothers do you have? ) 14. YOUR SISTER SINGLE? ( "Is your sister single?" ) 15. YOUR DAD NAME, SPELL SLOW. ( "Spell your dad's name slowly." )

Practice Sheet: 02.D 16. You-MEET MY BROTHER YOU? ( "Have you met my brother? / Did you meet my brother?" ) 17. YOU LIVE WHERE? ( "Where do you live?" ) 18. YOU HAVE SISTER? ( "Do you have a sister?" ) 19. THIS YOUR? [Point at any object.] ( "Is this yours?" ) 20. HOW YOU SIGN T-H-E-Y? ( "How do you sign 'they'?" )

Practice Sheet: 03.A 01. "NAME YOU?" ( What is your name? ) 02. "CITY YOU LIVE?" ( What city do you live in? ) 03. "YOU LIKE LEARN SIGN?" ( Do you like learning sign? ) 04. "YOUR HOUSE BIG?" ( Is your house big? ) 05. "YOU CHILDREN, HOW-MANY?" ( How many children do you have? ) Practice Sheet: 03.B 06. "YOUR HOUSE, BATHROOM HOW-MANY?" ( How many bathrooms do you have in your house? ) 07. "YOU WORK WHERE?" ( Where do you work? ) 08. "YOU LIKE YOUR WORK?" ( Do you like your work? ) 09. "YOU THINK I SIGN GOOD?" ( Do you think I sign well? ) 10. "HOW YOU SIGN "A-L-L"?" ( How do you sign "all? ")

Practice Sheet: 03.C 11. "HE WHO?" ( "Who is he/she?" ) 12. "FROM WHERE YOU?" ( "Where are you from?" ) 13. "YOU LIVE HERE?" ( Do you live here? ) 14. "FAMILY DEAF?" ( Is anyone in your family deaf? ) 15. "YOUR HOUSE SMALL?" ( Is your house small? )

Practice Sheet: 03.D 16. "WANT MORE CHILDREN YOU?" ( Do you want more children? ) 17. "YOU GO SCHOOL YOU?" ( Do you go to school? ) 18. "YOU NEED BATHROOM?" ( Do you need to go to the bathroom? ) 19. "YOU THINK I SIGN BAD?" ( Do you think I sign bad? ) 20. "HOW SIGN "F-I-N-E"?" ( "How do you sign the word 'fine'?" )

05. YOUR BEDROOM BIG?

Practice Sheet: 04.B 06. I NEED BRUSH-TEETH?

07. YOU FEEL WANT CRY?

08. YOUR BOY/GIRL-FRIEND NAME?

09. YOU HAPPY?

10.  LEARN SIGN, NEED HELP YOU? (Do you need help learning sign language?)

Practice Sheet: 04.C

11. WHO HURT YOUR FEEL?

12. IF-[suppose] TEACHER SPELL SLOW, YOU UNDERSTAND S/HE?

13. YOU LOVE WHO?

14. YOU SAD WHY?

15. YOU SORRY COME CLASS?

Practice Sheet: 04.D

16. YOU WANT STOP LEARN SIGN?

17. HOW YOU SIGN W-A-S-H?

18. YOU HAVE EXCUSE?

19. AUNT YOU, HOW-MANY?

20. YOU WANT BABY?

Practice Sheet: 05.A 01. YOU UNDERSTAND HE? 02. YOU COME HERE HOW? 03. MOVIE, YOUR FAVORITE WHAT? 04. YOUR MOM what-DO? 05. WRISTWATCH, WHO GIVE-you? Practice Sheet: 05.B 06. INTERNET S-I-T-E YOUR FAVORITE WHAT? 07. YOU WALK SCHOOL YOU? 08. _____ SIT WHERE? (Spell the name of a student.) 09. YOU WANT GO WHERE? 10. YOU LIKE SIGN WITH WHO? Practice Sheet: 05.C 11. CAN YOU DRIVE YOU? 12. YOU DRIVE HERE FROM HOME? 13. YOUR COMPUTER HAVE WEB-CAM? 14. YOU NEED GO DOCTOR? 15. YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS, WHAT? Practice Sheet: 05.D 16. YOUR HOME, WHERE? 17. PLAY, YOU LIKE what-DO? 18. HOW YOU FEEL? 19. YOUR FAVORITE STORE, WHAT? 20. SIGN WITH FRIEND, YOU LIKE?

Practice Sheet: 06.A 01. YOUR FAVORITE COLOR, WHAT? ( What is your favorite color? ) 02. NAME SOMETHING ITSELF BLACK WHITE ( Name something that is black and white. ) 03. YOU LIKE COLOR BROWN? ( Do you like the color brown? ) 04. YOU DRAW GOOD? ( Do you draw well? ) 05. YOUR PARENTS DIVORCE? ( Are your parents divorced? )

Practice Sheet: 06.B 06. YOU FINISH WATCH MOVIE "__________?" ( Have you seen the movie [spell a popular movie]) 07. YOU THINK FUTURE YOU TEACH ASL? ( Do you think that someday you will teach ASL? ) 08. YOUR CHAIR GREEN? ( Is your chair green? ) 09. how-OLD YOU? ( How old are you? ) 10. HOW SIGN W-A-I-T? ( How do you do the sign "wait?" )

Practice Sheet: 06.C 11. CITY YOU LIVE? ( In what city do you live? ) 12. HOW-LONG YOU LIVE INDEX-there ( How long have you lived there? ) 13. YOU WANT GO HOME NOW? ( Do you want to go home now? ) 14. YOUR PAPER, WHAT COLOR? ( What color is your paper? ) 15. YOU LIVE BIG CITY PAST YOU? ( Have you ever lived in a big city? )

Practice Sheet: 06.D 16. YOU LIKE RED CAR? ( Do you like red cars? ) 17. TOMORROW YOU GO SCHOOL? ( Are you going to school tomorrow? ) 18. YOU GO DOCTOR, WAIT-[long], YOU SIT-anxious YOU? ( Do you get anxious when you wait a long time at the doctors office? ) 19. YOU MOVE-[to-here] WHEN? ( When did you move here? ) 20. YOU LIVE HERE HOW-MANY YEAR? ( How many years have you lived here? )

Practice Sheet: 08.B 0 6. DOCTOR L-A-B COAT, COLOR? (What color is a doctor’s lab coat?) 0 7. CLOTHES DIRTY, SHOULD PUT WHERE? (Where should we put dirty clothes? 0 8. WHO THIS ROOM HAVE GLASSES? (Who in this room has glasses?) 0 9. HEARING-AID, WHO HAVE? (Who has a hearing aid?) 10. YOU LIKE WASHING-MACHINE CLOTHES? (Do you like doing laundry?) Practice Sheet: 08.C 11. SUPPOSE YOU GO CHURCH, PANTS [bodyshift]-OR DRESS WHICH YOU? (If you go to church, do you wear pants or do you wear a dress?) 12. "PANTS", SPELL (Spell the word "pants.") 13. SCHOOL FINISH, YOUR MOM PICK-UP YOU, what-TIME? (What time does your mom pick you up after school?) 14. YOUR SHIRT, what-COLOR? (What color is your shirt?) 15. SHOES, YOU HAVE HOW-MANY ? (How many pairs of shoes do you have?) Practice Sheet: 08.D 16. YOUR SOCKS, COLOR? (What color are your socks?) 17. YOU THINK CHILDREN SHOULD CHANGE UNDERWEAR DAILY? (Do you think children should change their underwear everyday?) 18. PIZZA [bodyshift]-OR HAMBURGER YOU FAVORITE-[prefer] WHICH? (Which would you rather have, pizza or a hamburger?) 19. YOUR BACKPACK HAVE ZIP? (Does your backpack have a zipper?) 20. YOU WANT GO GALLAUDET FUTURE-[someday]? (Do you want to go to Gallaudet University someday?)

Practice Sheet: 09.A 01. YOU LIVE BASEMENT APT? (Do you live in a basement apartment?) 02. BATH, SHOWER, YOU PREFER WHICH? (Which do you prefer, taking a bath or taking a shower?) 03. YOUR BATHROOM HAVE T-U-B? (Does your bathroom have a tub?) 04. YOU TOGETHER-steady SOMEONE? (Are you going steady with someone?) 05. YOUR COUCH, COLOR? (What color is your couch?)

Practice Sheet: 09.B 06. GARAGE HAVE? 07. CAR HAVE? HOW-MANY DOORS? (Do you have a car?--if so--How many doors?) 08. YOUR HOUSE, GARBAGE, WHO "throw out?" [mime "throw out"] (Who takes out the garbage in your house?) 09. YOUR DRYER, G-A-S, [bodyshift] ELECTRIC WHICH? (Is your clothes dryer gas or electric?) 10. THAT TABLE, COLOR? (What color is that table?)

Practice Sheet: 09.C 11. WHAT-KIND TOOTHPASTE YOU? (What kind of toothpaste do you use?) 12. YOU PREFER STOVE, MICROWAVE, WHICH? (Would you rather cook using a stove or a microwave?) 13. YOUR REFRIGERATOR, WHAT COLOR? (What color is your fridge?) 14. AMBULANCE, BEFORE YOU? (Have you ever been in an ambulance?) 15. WHY DEAF PREFER KITCHEN? (Why do deaf people tend to gather in the kitchen?) [Good light.]

Practice Sheet: 09.D 16. YESTERDAY YOU SHOWER? 17. YOUR S-I-N-K, COLOR? (What color is your sink?) [Fingerspell "S-I-N-K"] 18. YOUR PANTS, YOU PUT DRESSER, "HANG-UP" WHICH? (Do you keep your pants in a dresser or do you hang them up?) [Mime "hang up" using an X-hand as the "hanger" and an index-finger as the "bar."] 19. YOUR BEDROOM HAVE WINDOW? (Is there a window in your bedroom?) 20. YOUR HOUSE, HOW-MANY BATHROOM? (How many bathrooms are there in your house?)

Practice Sheet: 10.A 01. CAT LIKE EAT BIRD? (Do cats like to eat birds?) 02. BOOK YOU LIKE READ, WHAT-KIND? (What type of books do you like to read?) 03. FISH LIKE EAT BUG? (Do fish like to eat bugs?) 04. MILK, WHERE FROM, HOW GET? (How and/or where do we get milk?) [STORE / COW] 05. NAME SOMETHING DOG CHASE . (What do dogs like to chase?) [CAR / CAT / BIKE]

Practice Sheet: 10.B 06. A-S-L CLASS, YOU PAST TAKE ? (Have you ever taken an ASL class?) 07. TEACHER HIS/HER WIFE/HUSBAND, YOU KNOW NAME? (Do you know the teacher's wife's/husband's name?) 08. HAVE PET YOU? [if so] NAME? (Do you have a pet? What is its name?) 09. SOME CAT LIKE WATER? (Do some cats like water?) [Note: Some like swim in it: panthers. All like to drink it.] 10. HORSE, YOU WANT? (Do you want a horse?)

Practice Sheet: 10.C 11. YOU LOOK-LIKE YOUR DAD? (Do you look like your father?) 12. READ [bodyshift] WATCH-casual TV, YOU PREFER WHICH? (Which would you rather do, read or watch TV?) 13. COOK CLASS, YOU PAST TAKE? (Have you ever taken a cooking class?) 14. YOU GO ASL CLASS, what-TIME? (What time to you go to your ASL class?) 15. BIRD LIKE EAT FISH? (Do birds like to eat fish?) Practice Sheet: 10.D 16. HORSE LIKE EAT FISH? (Do horses like to eat fish?) 17. YOUR BEDROOM UPSTAIRS? (Is your bedroom upstairs?) 18. TELL-me HOW YOU FEEL. (Tell me how you feel.) 19. YOU THINK COW GOOD PET? (Do you think a cow would make a good pet?) 20. YOUR FAVORITE BOOK, NAME? (What is your favorite book?)

Practice Sheet: 11.A 01. TELL-to-me ABOUT YOUR TEACHER (Tell me about your teacher.) 02. YOU GO CLASS ON TIME ALWAYS? (Do you always go to class on time?) 03. YOU HAVE DOG AND CAT YOU? (Do you have a cat and a dog?) 04. ANY YOUR FAMILY DEAF? (Is anyone in your family deaf?) 05. CLASS FINISH, #BACK HOME YOU? (Are you going back home after class?) Practice Sheet: 11.B 06. HOW YOU FEEL? 07. PHONE, CAN YOU? (Are you able to use the phone?) 08. YOU CAN'T UNDERSTAND HE/SHE TEACHER, WHY? (Why can't you understand the teacher?) 09. TAKE-UP ASL FOR-FOR? (Why are you taking ASL?) 10. BOOK YOU THINK WONDERFUL, NAME? (Name a book that you think is wonderful.) Practice Sheet: 11.C 11. YOUR BEDROOM DIRTY LITTLE-BIT? (Is your bedroom a little bit dirty?) 12. SOUP, YOU KNOW HOW MAKE? (Do you know how to make soup?) 13. YOU NEVER EAT CANDY YOU? (You never eat candy!?) 14. NEW CAR HAVE YOU? (Do you have a new car?) 15. YOU PREFER PIZZA OR HAMBURGER? (Would you rather have pizza or a hamburger?) Practice Sheet: 11.D 16. YOU LIKE MEET NEW PEOPLE YOU? (Do you like to meet new people?) 17. YOU FEEL ANXIOUS, WHEN? (When do you feel anxious?) 18. YOU LIKE CHAT-WITH DEAF? (Do you like to chat with deaf people?) 19. WHAT-KIND PEOPLE YOU LIKE? (What type of people do you like?) 20. LEARN NEW THING YOU LIKE? (Do you like to learn new things?)

Practice Sheet: 12.A 01. AFTERNOON WORK YOU? (Do you work in the afternoon?) 02. TODAY YOU FINISH BRUSH-TEETH YOU? (Did you brush your teeth today?) 03. YOU THINK LIFE FAIR ALL PEOPLE? (Do you think life is fair for all people?) 04. EVERYDAY YOU SHOWER? (Do you shower everyday?) 05. EVERY-SATURDAY WHAT-DO YOU? Practice Sheet: 12.B 06. HABIT ANY YOU? [if so] WHAT-huh? 07. HOW-MANY HOUR EQUAL ONE DAY? (How-many hours are in a day?) 08. HOW-MANY MINUTE EQUAL ONE-HOUR? (How-many minutes are in an hour?) 09. HOW-MANY DAY EQUAL ONE MONTH? (How-many days are in a month?) 10. HOW-MANY MONTH EQUAL ONE YEAR? (How-many months are in a year?)

Practice Sheet: 12.C 11. YOU LIKE MONDAY? (Do you like Mondays?) 12. MOVIE, GO TUESDAY NIGHT, GOOD, WHY? (Why are Tuesday nights a good time to go to the movies?) 13. SATURDAY NIGHT, I GO PARTY, WANT ACCOMPANY-me? (I'm going to a party Saturday night. Do you want to go with me?) 14. ONE MINUTE HAVE HOW-MANY S-E-C? (How many seconds are in a minute?) 15. ONE WEEK HAVE HOW-MANY DAYS? (How many days are in a week?) Practice Sheet: 12.D 16. YOU SCHOOL WHICH DAY? (Which days are you in school?) 17. PEOPLE GO CHURCH, WHICH DAY? ("On which day do people go to church.") 18. PAST WEEKEND WHAT-DO YOU? (What did you do last weekend?) 19. YESTERDAY, HOW-MANY TIME YOU EAT? (How-many times did you eat yesterday?) 20. NEXT-WEEK YOU COME SCHOOL? (Are you coming to school next week?)

Practice Sheet: 13.A 01. RESEARCH ARTICLE, YOU LIKE READ? (Do you like to read research articles?) 02. YOUR TV CLOSE-CAPTIONED? (Is your television close-captioned?) 03. YOUR DAD COLLEGE? (Did your dad go to college?) 04. YOU GALLAUDET YOU? (Did you go to Gallaudet? / Are you attending Gallaudet?) 05. WANT BECOME INTERPRETER YOU? (Do you want to be an interpreter?)

Practice Sheet: 13.B 06. DEAF [bodyshift-"or"] HEARING YOU? (Are you deaf or hearing?) 07. YOU THINK HARD-OF-HEARING SHOULD MARRY DEAF O-R HEARING? (Do you think hard-of-hearing people should marry Deaf people or hearing people?) 08. HIGH-SCHOOL, YOU GRADUATE WHEN? (When did you graduate high school?) 09. YOU THINK THIS CLASS HARD? (Do you think this class is hard?) 10. DEAF COLLEGE STUDENT SOMETIMES USE NOTE-TAKER, WHY? (Why do Deaf college students sometimes use note-takers?)

Practice Sheet: 13.C 11. WATCH MOVIE, YOU LIKE CLOSE-CAPTION? (Do you like to watch close-captioned movies?) 12. TRUE FALSE TEST, YOU LIKE? (Do you like TRUE/FALSE tests?) 13. RESEARCH PAPER, YOU LIKE WRITE? (Do you like to write research papers?) 14. TEACHER LIGHTS-FLASH, WHY? (Why does the teacher flash the lights?) 15. INTERPRETER LIST, YOU HAVE? (Do you have a list of interpreters?)

Practice Sheet: 13.D 16. SQUARE-[board], YOU THINK HE/SHE TEACHER SHOULD WRITE MORE? (Do you think the teacher should write on the board more often?) 17. PAST TEST THIS CLASS YOU WRONG how-MANY? (How many did you miss on the previous test you took in this class?) 18. COLLEGE, YOU GRADUATE WHEN? (When did you / or will you graduate from college?) 19. YOU THINK THIS CLASS EASY? (Do you think this class is easy?) 20. DEAF-SCHOOL YOU? (Did you attend a residential school for the Deaf?)

Practice Sheet: 14.A 01. SUMMER [bodyshift]-OR WINTER, YOU LIKE BETTER WHICH? (Which do you like better, summer or winter?) 02. COLD WEATHER, YOU LIKE? (Do you like cold weather?) 03. AUTUMN, WIND-[light], COOL, YOU LIKE CL:1-"go for a stroll"? (Do you like going for a stroll in a cool autumn breeze?) 04. SUMMER VACATION, YOU WAKE UP what-TIME? (What time do you wake up during summer vacation?) 05. WINTER HERE SNOW? (Does it snow here in the winter?) Practice Sheet: 14.B 06. YOU THINK TONIGHT FREEZE? (Do you think it will freeze tonight?) 07. SUPPOSE RAIN, CL:1-"GO OUT" PLAY, WILL SICK YOU? (If you play in the rain, will you get sick?) 08. MAKE SNOW+MAN, YOU LIKE? (Do you like building snowmen?) 09. WORK YOU? SICK DAY VACATION YOU CAN HOW-MANY? (If you work, how many days of sick-leave do you get?) 10. WARM COOKIE AND MILK, YOU LIKE? (Do you like warm cookies and milk?)

Practice Sheet: 14.C 11. SLEEP-IN, YOU LIKE? (Do you like to sleep in?) 12. YESTERDAY YOU WAKE-UP, what-TIME? (What time did you wake up yesterday?) 13. HOT WEATHER, YOU LIKE? (Do you like hot weather?) 14. SUMMER VACATION, YOU GO-TO-BED what-TIME? (What time do you go to bed during summer vacation?) 15. SUPPOSE SICK, YOU THINK GO-TO-BED HELP? (Do you think bed rest will help when you are sick?) Practice Sheet: 14.D 16. YOU USE DEODORANT YOU? [mime rubbing deodorant under your arm] (Do you use deodorant?) 17. YOUR FAVORITE TIME YEAR WHAT? (What is your favorite time of year?) 18. FEEL SICK YOU? (Do you feel sick?) 19. YOUR REFRIGERATOR FULL? (Is your refrigerator full?) 20. COLD PIZZA, YOU LIKE? (Do you like cold pizza?)

Practice Sheet: 15.A 01. YOUR MAJOR WHAT? (What are you majoring in?) 02. YOUR TEACHER HAVE AIDE? (Does you teacher have an aide?) 03. YOU USE BABYSITTER? (Do you use a babysitter?) 04. YOUR BOSS NAME? (What is your boss's name?) 05. YOU LIKE COOK? (Do you like to cook?) Practice Sheet: 15.B 06. YOUR GRANDPA FARMER? (Is [or was] your grandpa a farmer?) 07. PAST-[long-ago] YOURSELF LITTLE-GIRL/BOY WANT GROW-UP FUTURE DO-what? (When you were a little girl/boy what did you want to be?) 08. SUPPOSE YOUR DAD DIVORCE, MARRY NEW WOMAN, SHE YOUR WHAT? (If your dad were divorced and re-married, what relationship would the new wife be to you?) 09. YOUR FAMILY ANY LIBRARY+PERSON? (Is anyone in your family a librarian?) 10. YOUR NEIGHBOR NAME, WHAT? (What is your neighbor's name?)

Practice Sheet: 15.C 11. PICTURE YOUR FAMILY YOU HAVE? (Do you have a picture of your family?) 12. U-S, PRESIDENT, WHO? (Who is president of the United States?) 13. STEPFATHER, MEANING? (What does the sign "stepfather" mean?) 14. BROTHER-IN-LAW YOU HAVE, HOW-MANY? (How-many brothers-in-law do you have?) 15. WAITRESS, HOW-MUCH SHOULD T-I-P? (How much should you tip a waitress?) Practice Sheet: 15.D 16. NEWSPAPER, YOU LIKE READ? (Do you like to read the newspaper?) 17. WHICH COMPUTER PROGRAM YOU USE? (Which computer program or programs do you use?) 18. YOU WISH YOURSELF HAVE SECRETARY (Do you wish you had your own secretary?) 19. HOW SIGN S-C-I-E-N-T-I-S-T? (What is the sign for "scientist?") 20. POLICE he/she-HELP-you BEFORE HOW? (How have you been helped by a police officer?)

Practice Sheet: 16.A 01. SUPPOSE TEACHER NOT COME, WAIT 1/2-HOUR YOU? (Would you wait a half-hour if the teacher doesn't come?) 02. BEFORE-[prior-to] CLASS, WHERE YOU? (Where were you before class?) 03. YESTERDAY, SCHOOL FINISH AFTER-[FROM-THEN-ON] what-DO YOU? (What did you do after school yesterday?) 04. DOCTOR APPOINTMENT, YOU HAVE? (Do you have a doctor's appointment?) 05. WHICH YOU LIKE BEST, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL? (Which do you like best, spring, summer, or fall?) Practice Sheet: 16.B 06. WHO YOU THINK BETTER DRIVER, WOMAN, bodyshift-OR MAN? (Who do you think makes a better teacher, a woman or a man?) 07. PAST WEEKEND DO-what? (What did you do last weekend?) 08. SHOES, YOU HAVE, HOW-MANY ? (How many pairs of shoes do you have?) 09. YOUR FIRST CAR, what-COLOR? (What was the color of your first car?) 10. YOUR FAMILY, LAST CHILD WHO? (Who was the last child in your family?) Practice Sheet: 16.C 11. TODAY, YOUR LAST CLASS WHAT? (What is your last class today?) 12. LATE CLASS ALWAYS YOU? (Are you always late to class?) 13. YOU KNOW WHERE DEAF CENTER YOU? (Do you know where the center for the deaf is?) 14. PAST SATURDAY YOU GO-TO-BED, what-TIME? (What time did you go to bed last Saturday?) 15. YOUR FAMILY, WHO COOK MOST? (Who does most of the cooking in your family?) Practice Sheet: 16.D 16. YOUR NEXT CLASS WHAT? (What class do you have next?) 17. HEARING-AID BATTERY, YOU NOT-YET CHANGE YOU? (Haven't you changed your hearing-aid battery yet?) 18. LIBRARY, HOW OFTEN YOU GO? (How often do you go to the library?) 19. YOU GRADUATE SOON YOU? (Will you be graduating soon?) 20. YOU RECENT what-DO? (What did you do recently?)

Practice Sheet: 17.A 01. YOU LIKE BANANA? (Do you like bananas?) 02. WATER, MILK, POP, BEER, YOU PREFER DRINK WHICH YOU? (Which do you prefer to drink, water, milk, pop, or beer?) 03. NOW-MORNING EAT WHAT? (What did you have for breakfast?) 04. EAT FINISH, CUP, DISH, PUT S-I-N-K YOU? (When you are done eating, do you put your dishes in the sink?) 05. YESTERDAY NIGHT EAT WHAT? (What did you have for dinner yesterday?) Practice Sheet: 17.B 06. YOUR FRENCH-FRIES, YOU SALT A-LOT? (Do you like a lot of salt on your French fries?) 07. FRENCH-TOAST, HOW MAKE? (How do you make French toast?) 08. GRAPES, YOU EAT HOW OFTEN YOU? (How often do you often eat grapes?) 09. SUPPOSE EAT EGG, LIKE KETCHUP YOU? (Do you like ketchup on your eggs?) 10. YOUR HAMBURGER WANT M-A-Y-O YOU? (Do you want mayonnaise on your hamburger?)  

Practice Sheet: 17.C 11. YOUR HOTDOG, WANT MUSTARD YOU? (Do you want mustard on your hotdog?) 12. TOMORROW BREAKFAST YOU WANT PANCAKE AND SAUSAGE-[hotdog]? (Would you like pancakes and sausage for breakfast tomorrow?) 13. SOUP, YOU LIKE PEPPER? (Do you like pepper in your soup?) 14. YOUR HAMBURGER, YOU LIKE PICKLE? (Do you like pickles on your hamburger?) 15. TOMORROW EAT NOON, YOU WANT SOUP AND SALAD? (Would you like soup and salad for lunch tomorrow?) Practice Sheet: 17.D 16. YOU THINK SALT BAD FOR YOU? (Do you think salt is bad for you?) 17. YOUR S-I-N-K what-COLOR? (What color is your sink?) 18. SOAP YOU USE, what-NAME? (What brand of soap do you use?) 19. SOUP, YOU LIKE WHAT-KIND? (What kind of soup do you like?) 20. CEREAL, YOU LIKE WHAT-KIND? (What kind of cereal do you like?)

Practice Sheet: 18.A 01. BICYCLE, HAVE YOU? (Do you have a bike?) 02. BOAT, BEFORE YOU? (Have you been on a boat before?) 03. YOU WANT BUILD your-SELF HOUSE? (Do you want to build your own house?) 04. CAR CL:3/CL:3-"crash" HOW-MANY TIME YOU? (How many times have you been in a car wreck?) 05. YOUR KEYS, YOU LOSE BEFORE? Practice Sheet: 18.B 06. YOU THINK FIND NEW ADDRESS EASY? (Do you think finding new addresses is easy?) 07. AIRPLANE BEFORE YOU? (Have you ever been on an airplane before?) 08. YOU ENJOY DO-what? (What do you enjoy doing?) 09. HORSE, YOU RIDE-ON BEFORE? (Have you ever ridden a horse before?) 10. WISH HAVE your-SELF HELICOPTER YOU? (Do you wish you had your own helicopter?) Practice Sheet: 18.C 11. MOTORCYCLE, HAVE YOU? (Do you have a motorcycle?) 12. YOU PRACTICE SIGN, WHY? (Why do you practice signing?) 13. YOU LEAVE-[go-away] THIS CLASS, what-TIME? (What time will you leave this class?) 14. HOW YOU SIGN "R-O-C-K-E-T"? (How do you sign "rocket?") 15. YOU SEARCH WORK YOU? (Are you looking for work?) Practice Sheet: 18.D 16. YOUR CITY HAVE SUBWAY? (Is there a subway in your city?) 17. last-YEAR TICKET HOW-MANY YOU? (How many tickets did you get last year?) 18. TRAIN TRAVEL, YOU LIKE? (Do you like to travel by train?) 19. YOUR ASL BOOK, YOU LOSE BEFORE YOU? (Have you ever lost your ASL book?) 20. YOU PREFER CAR [bodyshift-"or"] TRUCK? (Do you prefer cars or trucks?)

Practice Sheet: 19.A 01. YOU AFRAID WHAT? (What scares you?) 02. YOU THINK SCHOOL BORING? (Do you think school is boring?) 03. YOU THINK FIREMEN BRAVE? (Do you think firemen are brave?) 04. YOU LIKE CHAT PHONE? (Do you like to chat on the phone?) 05. EMBARRASS EASY YOU? (Do you embarrass easily?) Practice Sheet: 19.B 06. YOU ENJOY DO-what? (What do you enjoy doing?) 07. YOU THINK MOST DOG FRIENDLY, MEAN, WHICH? (Do you think most dogs are friendly or are they mean?) 08. YOU FEEL FRUSTRATED WHEN? (When do you feel frustrated?) 09. YOU FEEL HAPPY, WHEN? (When do you feel happy?) 10. RECENT YOU INSULT ANY-ONE? (Have you recently insulted anyone?)

Practice Sheet: 19.C 11. YOU SOMETIMES FEEL LONELY YOU? (Do you sometimes feel lonely?) 12. YOU MAD, FOR-FOR? (Why are you mad?) 13. YOUR BOYFRIEND [or girlfriend] HE/SHE JEALOUS EASY? (Is your boyfriend [or girlfriend] the jealous type?) 14. BEFORE-[prior-to] TEST YOU FEEL NERVOUS YOU? (Do you get nervous before a test?) 15. YOU PROUD ABOUT WHAT? (What do you take pride in?) Practice Sheet: 19.D 16. YOU THINK HE/SHE TEACHER SILLY? (Do you think the teacher is silly?) 17. YOU THINK CAT STUCK-UP? (Do you think cats are stuck up?) 18. SURPRISE TEST, YOU LIKE? (Do you like surprise tests?) 19. SUPPOSE WALK 4-HOUR, FUTURE-[will] TIRED YOU? (Suppose you walk for four hours, would you be tired?) 20. BOOK YOU THINK INTERESTING, what-NAME? (What is the name of a book that you think is interesting.)

Practice Sheet: 20.A 01. BUZZ-CUT BEFORE YOU? (Have you ever had a buzz-cut hair-style?) 02. YOUR ASL BOOK CL:C-[thick]? (Is your ASL book thick?) 03. NAME SOMEONE CURLY-HAIR (Name someone who has curly hair.) 04. YOU THINK CUTE, WHO? (Who do you think is cute?) 05. YOUR MOM EYES BROWN? (Does your mom have brown eyes?) Practice Sheet: 20.B 06. YOU LOOK-LIKE YOUR DAD? (Do you look like your dad?) 07. YOUR SISTER FAT? (Is your sister fat?) 08. YOU LIKE FOOL PEOPLE? (Do you like to fool people?) 09. YOUR BROTHER HAIR, COLOR? (What color is your brother's hair?) 10. HAIR, LONG-HAIR, SHORT-HAIR, YOU THINK PRETTY WHICH? (Which do you think is prettier, long hair or short hair?)

Practice Sheet: 20.C 11. YOU EAT A-LOT, REGULAR, WHICH? (Do you eat a lot, or do you eat a normal amount?) 12. YOUR DAD SHORT? (Is your dad short?) 13. YOUR GRANDPA SKINNY? (Is your grandpa skinny?) 14. OLD PEOPLE WEAK? (Are old people weak?) 15. GIRL THIS CLASS STRAIGHT-HAIR, HOW-MANY? (How many girls in this class have straight hair?) Practice Sheet: 20.D 16. MOST FARMER STRONG? (Are most farmers strong?) 17. YOU HOW-TALL (How tall are you?) 18. YOUR DAD EYES BLUE? (Does your dad have blue eyes?) 19. PIZZA THIN-[crust], THICK-[crust], YOU FAVORITE-[prefer] WHICH? (Which do you prefer, thick or thin crust pizza?) 20. MY SHOES, YOU THINK UGLY? (Do you think my shoes are ugly?)

Practice Sheet: 21.A 01. BUS, YOU RIDE-IN SCHOOL, YOU? (Do you ride the bus to school?) 02. YOU GO DENTIST HOW OFTEN? (How often do you go to the dentist?) 03. JOB YOU APPLY BEFORE, HOW-MANY? (How many jobs have you applied for previously?) 04. YOU HAIRCUT, HOW OFTEN? (How often do you get your haircut?) 05. OLD BOY-FRIEND, [or girlfriend], PICTURE YOU KEEP? (Do you keep pictures of your old boyfriends? [or girlfriends]) Practice Sheet: 21.B 06. MOST POST-OFFICE WORKER THIN, WHY? (Why are most postal employees thin?) 07. SOMETHING BROKE, YOU PREFER HIRE MECHANIC, [bodyshift], F-I-X your-SELF, WHICH? (If something is broke, do you prefer to hire a mechanic or do you prefer to fix it yourself?) 08. YOUR HOUSE, WHO MANAGE? (Who runs your house [apartment, dorm, etc.]?) 09. YOUR SUPERVISOR, WHO? (Who is your supervisor?) 10. BOSS FIRE WORKER, WHY? (Why do bosses fire employees?) Practice Sheet: 21.C 11. PILOT USE S-U-N GLASSES, WHY? (Why do pilots use sunglasses?) 12. YOU ENJOY what-DO? (What do you enjoy doing?) 13. YOU LIKE DANCE? (Do you like to dance?) 14. YOU LIKE FISHING? (Do you like to fish?) 15. YOU WISH your-SELF LAWYER? (Do you wish you were an attorney?)

Practice Sheet: 21.D 16. YOUR MAJOR-[profession] WHAT? (What is your major in school or your line of work?) 17. YOUR CHURCH SEND MISSIONARY? (Does your church send out missionaries?) 18. YOUR DAD ARMY BEFORE? (Was your dad in the Army?) 19. YOUR HOUSE NEED PAINT? (Does your house need painting?) 20. YOUR RESUME, HOW-MANY PAGE? (How many pages is your resume?)

Practice Sheet: 22.A 01. YOUR MONEY, YOU KEEP WHERE? 02. COLLEGE STUDENT ALWAYS BROKE-[financially], WHY ? 03. CAN YOU MANAGE YOUR-SELF BUSINESS? (Can you run your own business?) 04. TOMORROW, YOU #BUSY? 05. WHAT COST CENT-25? Practice Sheet: 22.B 06. YOU EARN MORE-THAN 10 DOLLAR HOUR? 07. YOU LIKE GO CLASS EARLY? 08. YOU THINK GOVERNMENT PAY GOOD? 09. CAN DEAF GO COLLEGE FREE? 10. KNOW+ SILVER DOLLAR CL:C-[index and thumb], YOU HAVE YOU? (Are you familiar with silver dollars? Do you have one?) Practice Sheet: 22.C 11. EVERYDAY YOU BUY WHAT? [POP, CANDY, NOTHING, PARKING PERMIT , LUNCH, ...] 12. YOU HAVE your-SELF OFFICE? (Do you have your own office?) 13. YOU THINK PARENT SHOULD PAY CHILDREN FOR CLEAN+ BEDROOM? 14. next-YEAR SCHOOL REGISTER FINISH YOU? (Have you registered for school next year?) 15. YOU WANT RETIRE, how-OLD ? Practice Sheet: 22.D 16. YOUR GRANDMA SEND-you MONEY? 17. SHOW-me YOUR FAVORITE SIGN. 18. SOME DEAF SUBSCRIBE-[SSI] WHY? (Some Deaf receive Supplemental Security Income, why?) 19. SUPPOSE YOU GO BANK, YOU PREFER COMPUTER O-R TRUE PERSON TELLER-fs 20. YOU EARN MONEY HOW?

Practice Sheet: 23.A 01. TWELVE DIVIDE SIX EQUAL WHAT-[huh]? 02. ELEVEN PLUS FOURTEEN EQUAL WHAT-[huh]? 03. EIGHTEEN TAKE-AWAY FIVE EQUAL WHAT-[huh]? 04. ALGEBRA, CAN YOU EXPLAIN ME? 05. ALTOGETHER, HOW-MANY SIGN YOU KNOW?

Practice Sheet: 23.B 06. BEFORE-[prior-to] TEST, YOU STUDY ALL-NIGHT? 07. ENGLISH, YOU LIKE STUDY? 08. STUDENT FAIL CLASS, WHY? 09. THIS CITY, BOOKSTORE, HOW-MANY? 10. T-R-I-G, YOU FINISH PASS? Practice Sheet: 23.C 11. CAFETERIA WHERE? 12. SENIOR GIRL STUCK-UP, WHY? 13. YOU LIVE A-P-T? 14. YOU FRESHMAN, SOPHOMORE? 15. YOU LIKE MATH?

Practice Sheet: 23.D 16. RESTAURANT YOU LIKE EAT, what-NAME? 17. FLUNK CLASS PAST-[before] have-YOU? 18. YOU LIVE DORM? 19. YOUR PHONE NUMBER, YOU POST BATHROOM? 20. YOUR WORST CLASS WHAT? (What is your worst class?)

Practice Sheet: 24.A 01. BEFORE-[prior-to] MEET NEW PERSON YOU LIKE BRUSH-TEETH? 02. BEFORE[prior-to] TEST YOU WORRY? 03. COUSIN HIMSELF STRANGE YOU HAVE? 04. FOOD ENOUGH YOU? 05. FOOD, STRANGE, NEW, YOU LIKE EAT YOU? Practice Sheet: 24.B 06. YOUR SIGNing, IMPROVE HOW? 07. IF NOT GO SIGN CLASS, NOT CHAT DEAF, YOUR SIGN DECLINE? 08. YOUR CAR, GAS, LEAVE-[remaining] HOW-MUCH-[volume]? 09. YOUR REFRIGERATOR, ORANGE-"J" LEAVE-[remaining] HOW-MUCH-[volume]? 10. ROCKET ALL SUCCEED? Practice Sheet: 24.C 11. TOMORROW you-HELP-me, DON'T-MIND? 12. DOCTOR EARN MORE-THAN NURSE, WHY? 13. SOME BOSS ACCEPT BAD WORK, WHY? 14. RECENTLY INCREASE YOU? 15. YOU MISCHIEVOUS SOMETIMES? Practice Sheet: 24.D 16. DURING SUMMER VACATION YOU STUDY? 17. YOU THINK _______ EARN TOO-MUCH? [ASL TEACHER, DOCTOR, MECHANIC, etc.] 18. YOUR __________ COST HOW-MUCH-[cost]? [ASL BOOK, SHOES, HOUSE, COMPUTER, etc.] 19. YOUR COMPUTER, SHUT-DOWN every-NIGHT YOU? 20. YOUR FAMILY, WHO OTHER-[else] SIGN?

Practice Sheet: 25.A 01. 5-DOLLAR, DON'T-MIND LEND ME? (Would you mind lending me $5?) 02. C-H-E-S-S, YOU LIKE PLAY? 03. YOU LIKE GO PLAY-FIELD? (playground) 04. WANT GO MOVIE YOU? 05. Every-MORNING, YOU HURRY-[rush] SHOWER, CLOTHES, EAT, GO-[take-off] SCHOOL YOU? Practice Sheet: 25.B 06. BOX BRING CAR DON'T-MIND? 07. HOW YOU SIGN L-E-F-T? 08. HOW YOU SIGN R-I-G-H-T? 09. UP-TO-NOW, YOU MOVE HOW-MANY TIME? 10. FOOD STORE, YOU LIVE THEREABOUTS? Practice Sheet: 25.C 11. PARKING-LOT SUPERVISOR EARN A-LOT? 12. YOU LIVE NEAR SCHOOL? 13. YOU PREFER LIVE NORTH OR-[bodyshift] SOUTH? 14. YOU WANT ME SIGN FAST? 15. YOUR EXACT ADDRESS WHAT? Practice Sheet: 25.D 16. YOUR HAIR, WOW, DO-what ? 17. YOUR HOUSE HOW FAR? 18. YOUR HOUSE, FRONT DOOR, what-COLOR? 19. YOUR LAST NAME, HOW SPELL? 20. YOUR MOM ADDRESS WHAT?

Practice Sheet: 26.A 01. YOU PREFER CLOTHES BRIGHT, DARK, WHICH? 02. FOR YOU SLEEP MUST DARK? (Does it have to be dark for you to sleep?) 03. FLOWER GROW-GROW-[garden] DOG DIG, WHY? 04. TOPIC YOU INTERESTED WHAT? 05. FLOWER YOU LIKE WHAT-KIND?

Practice Sheet: 26.B 06. PEOPLE NAME, FORGET EASY YOU? 07. YOU THINK SCHOOL FUN? 08. Every-SATURDAY what-DO YOU? 09. YOUR BACKPACK HEAVY? 10. YOU AFRAID HIGH-[heights]? Practice Sheet: 26.C 11. YOUR HOUSE PAY LOW? 12. YOU LIKE MOUNTAIN HIKE YOU? 13. YOU LIKE STUDY OUTSIDE? 14. YOU LIKE TAKE-CARE-OF PLANT YOU? (Do you like gardening?) 15. YOUR FIRST TEACHER, YOU REMEMBER HIS/HER NAME?

Practice Sheet: 26.D 16. HOW YOU UP-TO-NOW? ("How have you been doing?") 17. YOUR HOUSE, FRONT FIELD-[yard] TREE HAVE? 18. UP-TO-NOW ASL CLASS YOU TAKE-up HOW-MANY YOU? 19. HOW OFTEN YOU LAUGH? 20. TOPIC YOU DON'T-CARE WHAT? (What do you not care about?)

Practice Sheet: 27.A 01. BREAD WITH BUTTER YOU LIKE? 02. MAKE SUGAR COOKIE, YOU KNOW HOW? 03. YOUR CABINET-[cupboard], what-COLOR? 04. CAKE, YOU LIKE WHAT-KIND? 05. YOUR COFFEE, YOU LIKE SUGAR? Practice Sheet: 27.B 06. PIE YOU THINK DELICIOUS, WHAT-KIND? 07. THREE DOZEN EQUAL HOW-MANY? 08. YOUR DOG, YOU FEED EVERY-DAY YOU? 09. YOU LIKE MEAT? 10. YOUR FAVORITE FOOD, WHAT? Practice Sheet: 27.C 11. BREAD, NEW, YOU LIKE SMELL? 12. MAKE CAKE, HOW-MANY TEASPOON SALT? 13. YOU THINK COFFEE TASTE GOOD? 14. YOUR TEA, YOU WANT HOW-MANY SUGAR? 15. EGG, YOU LIKE COOK HOW?

Practice Sheet: 27.D 16. YOUR FAVORITE VEGETABLE WHAT? 17. YOUR FAMILY, WHO WASH-DISHES? 18. BUY WINE, MUST how -OLD ? 19. HOW-MANY O-Z EQUAL 1 LB? 20. BANANA PIE YOU LIKE?

Practice Sheet: 28.A 01. YOU SLEEP BLANKET HOW-MANY ? 02. BUTTON SEW KNOW HOW YOU? 03. DRESS YOU LIKE USE-[wear] YOU? (Do you like to wear dresses?) 04. DURING TEST YOU COPY FRIEND PAPER YOU? 05. DIAPER, YOU CHANGE BEFORE?

Practice Sheet: 28.B 06. SHIRT DOTS YOU HAVE? 07. HAIR-DRYER YOU USE? 08. HAT YOU HAVE? WHAT-KIND? 09. YOU PREFER LIVE SINGLE-[alone] [bodyshift]-OR ROOMMATE-[match] WHICH? 10. NECKLACE, GOLD, YOU HAVE? Practice Sheet: 28.C 11. SEW, YOU KNOW HOW? 12. YOUR DAD SHAVE EVERYDAY? 13. YOUR MOM SOMETIMES SKIRT-short? 14. STRIPES-[vertical], YOU FACE-[look] GOOD YOU? (Do you look good in stripes?) 15. TIE YOU HAVE? [if so] HOW-MANY?

Practice Sheet: 28.D 16. YOUR FAVORITE TOWEL, WHAT COLOR? 17. WET-WIPES YOU KEEP CAR? (Do you keep wet wipes in your car?) 18. "Scotland"-[plaid] YOU FINISH TOUCH YOU? (Have you been to Scotland?) 19. YOU HAVE SCARF? 20. SHIRT, YOU HAVE FAVORITE?

Practice Sheet: 29.A 01. YOUR GRANDPA BALD? 02. YOUR DAD HAVE BEARD? 03. COUSIN, HOW-MANY YOU? 04. HIDE AND SEEK YOU LIKE PLAY? 05. YOU THINK PERSON CAN FLY WITHOUT AIRPLANE?

Practice Sheet: 29.B 06. MOVIE, YOU WANT WATCH? 07. MUSTACHE, WHO HAVE? 08. SATURDAY NIGHT, YOU HAVE PLAN? 09. YOU LIKE PLAY-CARDS YOU? 10. FIVE TIMES-[worse] SIX EQUAL WHAT? Practice Sheet: 29.C 11. YOUR SISTER SHY? 12. YOU LIKE SIGN MUSIC-[songs] YOU? 13. MOST SCIENTIST SMART? 14. YOU FEEL STUPID SOMETIMES? 15. CAR ACCIDENT-crash HAPPEN WHY?

Practice Sheet: 29.D 16. TODAY, TEACHER SHOW-UP what-TIME? 17. YOU LIKE LOOK-at YOURSELF MIRROR? 18. HAPPEN YOU AFRAID, YOU WHITE-[faced-"pale"]? 19. CAN KEEP SECRET YOU? 20. ONE-THOUSAND DIVIDE TEN EQUAL WHAT?

Practice Sheet: 30.A 01. YOUR SOCK DRAWER, what-COLOR? 02. THIS BUILDING HAVE ELEVATOR? 03. THIS BUILDING, FLOORS, HOW-MANY? 04. YOUR HOUSE, FURNITURE, what-COLOR? 05. EMAIL, YOU GIVE-UP FROM-NOW-ON FOR $200,000 YOU?

Practice Sheet: 30.B 06. JANITOR THIS BUILDING, YOU KNOW HIS/HER NAME? 07. CAR MACHINE-[engine], YOU KNOW HOW F-I-X? 08. SHOE what-SIZE YOU? 09. WEEK-[every] MEETING HOW-MANY YOU? (Each week, how many meetings do you go to?) 10. HAIR, YOU PREFER what-COLOR? Practice Sheet: 30.C 11. YOU THINK MOST SELL-AGENT FRIENDLY? 12. YOU START LEARN LEARN SIGN, WHEN? (When did you start learning how to sign?) 13. SUPPOSE YOUR DOG SICK, YOU CARRY VET? (If your dog gets sick do you take it to the veterinarian?) 14. IT WALL, what-COLOR? 15. YOUR _______, COST HOW-MUCH? [fill in the blank]

Practice Sheet: 30.D 16. YOUR HOUSE, STREET, what-NAME? 17. YOUR FAVORITE RESTAURANT WHAT? 18. SUPPOSE THIS CLASS YOU FAIL, RESPONSIBLE WHO? 19. TOMORROW AFTERNOON, YOU what-DO? 20. YOUR FAMILY ANY MEASURE+AGENT-[engineer]? (Are there any engineers in your family?)

[End of sign language phrases list.]

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Can’t Find Eclipse Glasses? Here’s What to Do.

You can watch a projection of the eclipse using some common household items.

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By Katrina Miller

Follow our live updates on the total solar eclipse .

Reliable paper-framed glasses are by far the most popular option for safely watching the total solar eclipse on Monday. But they’ve gotten more difficult to find in some places ahead of the event.

If you’ve checked everywhere — your local planetarium, public library and even online — fear not: There is still a way to watch the eclipse safely, using items around the house. Here are a few options.

Use your hands

Palms up, position one hand over the other at a 90-degree angle. Open your fingers slightly in a waffle pattern, and allow sunlight to stream through the spaces onto the ground, or another surface. During the eclipse, you will see a projection of the moon obscuring the surface of the sun.

This method works with anything with holes, such as a straw hat, a strainer, a cheese grater or even a perforated spoon. You will also notice this effect when light from the partially eclipsed sun streams through leaves on a tree.

Set up a cardstock screen

For this option, you need a couple of white index cards or two sheets of cardstock paper. First, punch a small hole in the middle of one of the cards using a thumbtack or a pin.

Then, facing away from the sun, allow light to stream through this pinhole. Position the second card underneath to function as a screen. Adjust the spacing between the two cards to make the projection of the sun larger or smaller.

Make a box projector

If you’re up for a bit of crafting, you can make a more sophisticated pinhole projector . Start with a cardboard box — empty cereal boxes are often used, but you can use a larger box, too. You’ll also need scissors, white paper, tape, aluminum foil and a pin or thumbtack.

Cut the piece of paper to fit the inside bottom of the cardboard box to act as a screen. Use tape to hold it in place.

On the top of the box, cut two rectangular holes on either side. (The middle should be left intact — you can use tape to secure this if needed.)

Tape a piece of aluminum foil over one of the rectangular cutouts. Punch a tiny hole in the middle of the foil with the tack or pin. The other cutout will serve as a view hole.

With your back to the sun, position the foil side of the box over your shoulder, letting light stream through the pinhole. An image of the sun will project onto the screen at the bottom of the box, which you can see through the view hole. A bigger box will create a bigger image.

Enjoy the show through any of these makeshift pinholes. And remember, during totality, you can view the sun directly with your naked eye. But you should stop looking at the sun as soon as it reappears.

Katrina Miller is a science reporting fellow for The Times. She recently earned her Ph.D. in particle physics from the University of Chicago. More about Katrina Miller