essay on natural resources of nepal

• What Are The Natural Resources Of Nepal?

Officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, Nepal is a country that is located in South Asia. The landlocked country lies mostly in the Himalayas although parts of it also lie in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The nation has an area of about 56,827 square miles, which makes it the 93 rd largest country in the world in terms of size. Regarding population, Nepal is the 48 th largest nation in the world with a population of around 26.4 million people. The country is bordered by China, India, and Bangladesh. The nation’s capital city is Kathmandu, which is also the largest city.

Unfortunately, Nepal is among the least developed states in the world due to lack of any significant resources as well as a poor transport network. Another fact that contributes to this low level of development is the landlocked nature of the country. For this reason, the country mostly relies on imports in a wide range of things such as fuel, consumer goods, construction materials, metals, and other things. The few resources in the country include precious minerals and metals (such as iron ore, copper, magnesite, and others), water resources for hydroelectric power, agricultural land, and forests.

Most of the terrain in the country, about 80%, is hilly. However, research into the country’s hilly terrain has shown that there are a few deposits of metallic, non–metallic minerals, fuel minerals, and decorative minerals. These minerals include the likes of gold, limestone, mica, iron ore, copper, and others. While there are suspected oil deposits in places such as Pyuthan, Nepalgunj, and Dailekh, there have been no confirmations on the matter. Natural gas deposits are suspected to be in places like Mustang, the Kathmandu Valley, and a few other districts.

Limestone is mined in places such as Surkhet, Hetauda, and Chovar and has always been used to produce cement in the country. Another mineral, magnesium, is mined in a number of places such as at the Kampughat mine. Despite the few mineral resources, the mine at Kampughat in the Sagarmatha Zone has deposits of about 20 million tons of ore, of which 30% is magnesium. These deposits make Nepal one of the leading global producers of magnesium.

A lack of modern technology and equally skilled labor means that the country has been unable to produce these minerals at maximum levels. Should the government make the proper investments, then the sector has the potential of creating new industries as well as create new employment opportunities. In addition, the government regulations are a discouraging factor to multinational companies wishing to invest in the sector.

Agricultural Land

Nepal is divided into three portions namely Terai, Hilly, and Himalayan. The majority of the population in Nepal is poor and still depends on farming agriculture for sustenance. Of the total area of Nepal, about 17% is suitable for agriculture, which is mostly in Terai and Hilly. Rocky land covers about 38% of the country, which is mostly in Himalayan. In addition, the area around Himalayan has mountains that are covered by snow, which further makes that section unsuitable for agriculture.

Of the two arable sections, Terai is more suitable for farming due to higher levels of fertility. For this reason, this area is sometimes known as the Green Belt of Nepal. Most of the agricultural products produced by the country come from the belt and are then exported to the other two sections of Nepal. The farmers there cultivate a number of plants including wheat, rice, oilseed, sugarcane, paddy, jute, tobacco, maize, coconuts, and many other plants. Hilly regions are also used for some agricultural activities such as the production of rice, wheat, potatoes, maize, paddy, and a few other things. After supplying the other regions, Nepal usually has little left for exportation although some products such as rice are exported to other countries.

Forest Cover

This natural resource covers a huge part (about 25.4%) of Nepal. The forest cover is classified into three types namely protected, production, and conserved forests. Forests serve several purposes such as the production of firewood as well as timber for industrial purposes. Industrial uses of trees include industries such as paper, timber, and furniture. Industries that deal with wood include the government-owned Timber Corporation of Nepal and a few others. Other people also depend on the forests to extract medicinal herbs. In addition to all of these benefits, the forest provides a habitat for animals and birds.

Revenue generation from the forests is realized in a number of ways. For example, Nepal exports its timber products to several countries although the main export destination is the nearby India. Tourism is also a source of revenue as visitors from all around the world go to Nepal for the scenery. In the hilly areas, forest cover has been helping in preventing the erosion of precious arable land. Unfortunately, deforestation is still a major problem, which is why temperatures are increasing while agricultural yields are going down.

Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world terms of water resources. In fact, only Brazil has more water. The fact that the country is leading in terms of water resources despite being landlocked shows just how much water it has. The water in Nepal comes from several sources including melting snow and mountains. Nepal has a number of major rivers including Karnali, Bhotekoshi, Koshi, Sunkoshi, Gandaki, and many more. Lakes in the country include Tilicho, Rara, and Phewa.

Primarily, water is used for a number of functions namely drinking and household use, irrigation projects, and generation of hydroelectricity. Interestingly, the abundance of these resources has done nothing to alleviate a water shortage in the capital city and other major settlements. In addition, the country’s maximum potential for the production of hydroelectricity has not been met. Estimates place the country’s potential for electricity production at a whopping 83,000 MW. Currently, the country can only produce a measly 600 MW. To improve the situation, Nepal is working on a number of projects including nine major power plants while considering another 27 sites for future exploration. In addition, the government has a number of projects such as the Melamchi water project to supply water to Kathmandu.

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Natural Resources of Nepal: Key to Development

Explore the natural resources of nepal, such as its mineral, forestry, and water resources. learn the importance of properly utilizing natural resources for the sustainable development of nepal..

Natural resources are free gifts from nature, which include land, climates, forests, water, minerals, etc. Nepal is rich in natural resources. If Nepal could utilize the available natural resources properly, it would be developed within a short period of time. Most developed countries have got prosperity from the proper utilization of natural resources, and only the proper utilization of natural resources makes a country prosperous.

Water Resources:

Among all the natural resources of Nepal, water resources are regarded as one of the most important. There are more than six thousand rivers, including major and minor, with a length of more than 4500 Km. There are a large number of lakes and springs as well. Koshi, Narayani, Gandaki, Rapti, Veri, Karnali, Mahakali, etc. are the major rivers of Nepal. Likewise, Rara, Phewa, Begnas, Tilicho, etc. are the major lakes. Nepal's regular sources of water resources are the Himalayan glaciers and rainfall. With regard to water resources, Nepal stands in the 43rd position in the world with approximately 210 cubic kilometers of total renewable internal freshwater resources. Water resources are also termed "white gold" for the Nepalese economy. If the available water resources are properly utilized, Nepal can easily be converted into a developed country.

Importance of water resources:

Development of agriculture.

The development of agriculture entirely depends upon the development of irrigation in Nepal. Nepalese agriculture still depends on monsoon rain. The development of irrigation and modernization of agriculture depend directly on water resources.

Development of transportation and communication

Energy generated from water resources can be used to run electric means of transport such as electric buses, cable cars, electric trains, ropeways, and other electric vehicles. Similarly, with proper water resource utilization, means of communication such as telephone, internet, fax, radio, TV, and so on can be developed.

Tourism development

Tourism in Nepal has a close relationship with natural setting. Since rivers, waterfalls, natural springs, lakes, etc. add the natural beauty of the country; it would help to develop tourism industry by providing different facilities like rafting, boating, and swimming and etc.

Basis of good health

Development of water resources helps to provide pure drinking water which leads to basis of healthy life. It helps not only to increase the productivity of labour but also to raise of living standard of people.

Employment opportunity

The development of water resources helps to create more employment opportunities. Since hydroelectricity helps to develop agriculture, tourism, etc. the economic activities in the country increases.

Uses of water resources:

Hydroelectricity.

One of the main uses of water resources is hydroelectricity production. The first hydroelectricity project is the Pharping hydroelectricity project, which was constructed in 1968 BS during the Rana rule. Hydroelectricity is accessible to 77 districts of the country, and 93% of the population has access to electricity.

Irrigation is another important use of water resources in Nepal. It is known as the lifeblood of agriculture. Without irrigation facilities, the development of agriculture is not possible, and without the development of agriculture, economic development is not possible in Nepal. One of the main reasons behind the slow development in the agriculture sector is the lack of adequate irrigation facilities. Of the country's total 2,641,000 hectares (18%) of arable land, the irrigation command area is only 1,766,000 hectares (67%). By 2020/21, the command area of irrigation facilities had reached 58.07% of total irrigable land. However, around the year, irrigation facilities are available on 33% of total irrigable land.

Drinking water

Drinking water is essential for human existence. Human life is impossible without drinking water. Although Nepal is rich in water resources, people here face an acute shortage of safe drinking water in both urban and rural areas. The supply of sufficient safe drinking water to all the people in the state creates a good environment for achieving prosperity in the economy. According to the census of 2068, 47.84% of people have access to pipeline drinking water and 35% use the sallow-tube well for drinking water. According to the economic survey 2020/21, 91% of people have access to basic drinking water services. However, only 23% of people have access to high or medium-level drinking water services. The fifteenth plan (2019/20-2023/24) has set the target of providing drinking water facilities to 99% of the total population.

Forest Resource:

Forest resources are the other most important natural resources of Nepal. It stands in a significant position for economic development as well as to maintain the environmental balance of Nepal. Forest resources are the most important for the economic development of a nation as well as for the conservation of the natural environment. Nepal was very rich in forest resources in the past. It is evident from the old saying "Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan" (the green forest is the wealth of Nepal). Nowadays, the condition of Nepalese forest resources is not as good as it was in the past. In Nepal, forests have covered 5.962 million hectares of land and wooded land has covered 0.648 million hectares of land. Altogether, the total area covered by forest is 44.8% of the total land area. By province, Karnali province occupies the highest forest areas, and province No.2 occupies the lowest.

Importance of Forest Resources:

Source of energy.

Forest resources are the main source of energy in Nepal. Firewood is the cheapest source of energy that comes from the forest. According to the 2011 census, only firewood fulfils 64% of the total energy demand of Nepal in household use.

Source of raw material

The raw materials for different industries, such as paper, medicine, plastics, matches, and furniture, come from the forest. As a result, the development of such industries is heavily reliant on a consistent and sufficient supply of raw materials from the forest.

Sources of foreign currency

Various products such as timber, herbal products, industrial raw materials, and wooden handicrafts are collected as well as produced from the forest and can be supplied to neighboring countries to earn foreign currency.

Sources of water

Most of the water resources originate from green hills and mountains. Dense forests absorb rainwater, regulate it into the earth through their roots and help to preserve water at inner levels, and enrich the water table constantly.

Maintain environmental and ecological balance

Forests influence local and regional climates, preserve soil and in the case of watersheds, protect soil downstream from floods. Forest resource also provides internal greenery and natural beauty to us. It is very important to maintain an ecological balance between wildlife habitats and human beings.

Mineral Resource:

It is very important to have natural resources for the economic development of a nation. Different types of minerals, such as gold, silver, copper, coal, gas, petroleum products, limestone, iron, etc., which are found in the womb of the earth are mineral resources. Mineral resources play an important role in the economic development of a nation. It is said that Nepal is rich in mineral resources. However, the extent to which commercial utilization of mineral resource deposits is possible is yet to be known. Nepal has many kinds of mineral deposits such as iron, copper, limestone, natural gas, coal, lead, magnetic, nickel, marble, and mica in different parts of the country. Mineral exploration in a scientific manner started in Nepal some 73 years ago. Some of the mineral resources have been used in industrial production, like cement, industrial lime, dead burnt magnetite, polished marble, etc.

Importance of mineral resources:

Employment opportunities.

Mineral industries require unskilled, skilled, and highly skilled manpower, which creates employment opportunities for all types of human resources.

Development of new industries

The development of new industries from cottage/micro industries to large-scale industries depends on mineral resources. Agriculture limes, zinc, and cement are the main industries of Nepal based on mineral resources.

Source of foreign currency

If Nepal extracts large quantities of minerals such as natural gas, diesel, petrol, kerosene, iron, copper, etc. it can save and earn a large amount of foreign currency.

Modern means of transport, such as air, road, and water, and means of communication, such as television, radio, computers, telephones, faxes, etc., are produced by the utilization of mineral resources. Hence, the development of transport and communication is highly dependent on the proper development of mineral resources.

Supply of construction material

Different development projects are in operation in different sectors of the economy. Development projects need a high amount of construction materials such as brick, cement, steel, copper, etc. which can be supplied cheaply and adequately if we develop the mineral resource properly.

Frequently Asked Questions  (FAQ)

What natural resources are important to nepal and why, what is the most prominent natural resource in nepal, what are the natural resources of nepal, how do water resources contribute to nepal's development, how do forest resources contribute to nepal's economy, what mineral resources are found in nepal, how do mineral resources contribute to employment opportunities in nepal.

• Natural resources of Nepal
• water resources of Nepal
• Forest resources of Nepal
• Mineral resources of Nepal
• resources of Nepal

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4 Major Natural Resources of Nepal

Natural resources refer to such type of resources that exist naturally in the earth without any human effort. They are like water, atmosphere, soil, sunlight, natural forest, and minerals. These natural resources are the main source of the human life exists in the Earth. But, in this article, we are going to discuss the natural resources of Nepal.

Nepal is a landlocked country in between two big giant countries, China to the north and India to the East, west, and south. It lies in South East Asia with an area of 147181 sqm. km.Let us discuss the natural resources of Nepal.

Major Natural Resources of Nepal

1. forest – major natural resources of nepal.

Forest is one of the major natural resources of Nepal. About 25.4% of Nepal’s land is covered by forest. This figure is according to FAO in 2005. Nepal’s forest has been classified as protected, conserved and production forest. Forest is the main source of firewood in Nepal. Similarly, paper, furniture and timber industry are dependent on the forest. Many medicinal herbs are available in the forest. It is also the home of the different animals and birds. Forest, in fact, supports the whole life cycle of the environment.

There are many forest conservation areas in Nepal which have been the home to many animals, birds, and vegetation. It has added beauty to our country since many tourists come to visit this lovely forest. Similarly, it has also been helpful in controlling the landslides and soil erosion in the Hilly and Terai areas of Nepal. But in some couple of years, deforestation rate is so high that we are losing our natural forest. This is the reason that the temperature of the major cities of Nepal has increased and it also leads to the natural calamities. We should protect our natural forest so that we can live a healthy life.

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See also: Forest in Nepal

2. Soil/Land- Major Natural Resources of Nepal

Nepal occupies only 0.1 percentage of the total land of the world. Its total area is 147,181 sq. Km. It is divided into three parts – Terai, Hilly, and Himalayan. The soil is one of the most important parts of Nepal as most of the Nepalese still are depended on agriculture and farming. Only 17% of total land is cultivable which is in Terai and Hilly while 38% of the land is rocky, Mountains and snow filled that is in Himalayan. So, people of Terai and Hilly are dependent upon agriculture.

Terai land is more fertile. So, agriculture is more productive in Terai, It is also called the green belt of Nepal since most of the agricultural products are cultivated in Terai and exported to Hilly and Himalayas. They cultivate rice, wheat, jute, paddy, tobacco, sugarcane, oilseed, potatoes, coconut, maize etc. Similarly, in hilly areas, rice, paddy, potatoes, wheat, maize are grown. Himalayan areas are not good for agriculture, however, there are large medicinal herbs available in the Himalayan forest.

Various type of soil is available in Nepal. They are like alluvial soil, rocky soil, sandy soil, lacustrine soil and mountain soil.

Don’t Miss: Soil and Land in Nepal

3. Water- Major Natural Resources of Nepal

Water is one of the major natural resources of Nepal. In fact, it is the second richest country in water resources after Brazil. There are many sources of water, especially like mountains, glaciers, and snow. Since Nepal is a landlocked country, it has no any sources of water from sea or oceans. However, nature has provided abundance sources of water. There are many large rivers like Karnali, Seti, Koshi, Gandaki, Bhotekoshi, Sunkoshi and many small ponds, waterfalls and small streams. There are also many lakes like Rara, Phewa, Tilicho, Shey pho ks undo lakes which are also the sources of water.

Water has been used especially in the generation of electricity, irrigation projects, drinking and household works. But still, the people of Nepal are not able to get adequate water resources. The capital city Kathmandu is still scarce of water and electricity. However, in the present days, there has been no lack of electricity but if the hydroelectricity projects are not completed in time, it is sure to face major load shedding in the coming days. The on-goingMelamchi project is also set to quench the thrust of people of Kathmandu soon. Hope, our government will properly utilize the water resources of our country.

See Also:  Drinking Water in Nepal

4. Minerals- Major Natural Resources of Nepal

More than 80% of the land in Nepal is Mountainous. It has been researched that there are various minerals resources like metallic, non-metallic, decorative stones, fuel metals in the mountainous region. Similarly, minerals like gold, mica, limestone, and iron ore, copper are found in various parts of Nepal. It is even researched that Nepal has petroleum resources at Nepalgunj, Pyuthan, Dailekh. Limestone found in Hetauda, Chovar, Surkhet has been used for the cement production by the major cement factories. Kathmandu valley, Mustang and few others districts of Nepal are supposed to be the major sources of natural gasses but they are not confirmed yet.

Due to the lack of well-skilled technology and the manpower, Nepal is not able to extract the minerals. If Nepal government gives priority to the mining industries, then there will establish a large number of mining industries in Nepal that can generate employment opportunities and the people of Nepal should not have to go abroad for works. Even the international companies are interested in establishing such industries but due to the lack of proper rules and regulations and uncertain government, they are not getting the good environment to invest.

don’t miss: Minerals and mines in Nepal

These are the major the natural resources of Nepal. Our country is rich in natural resources but we are not able to utilize it. We are the second richest country in water but we lack adequate drinking water. We lack the electricity as many rivers are flowing freely through which we can generate thousands of electricity. We have the natural vegetation but we lack the medicinal industries. We have many minerals resources but we have to export from next countries since we have no any mining industries. We have the most cultivable land in Terai but we have to export foods from India.

This is all due to the lack of proper utilization of our natural resources. Until we don’t utilize it, the economy of our country will not rise.

Related terms and posts about natural resources in Nepal

Major Natural Resources of Nepal Water pollution in Nepal Soil resource in Nepal Land resource in Nepal Mines resources in Nepal Minerals resources in Nepal Forest resources in Nepal

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Natural Resources of Nepal Forest | Soil | Water | Minerals

Last updated Aug 15, 2023 |

Natural resources are any resources that exist on this planet due to nature. They are similar to sunlight, minerals, water, air, soil, and forests. Because of the accessibility of these natural resources, life is conceivable on Earth. Without these resources, life would not have been conceivable on Earth. In this essay, let’s discuss Nepal’s natural resources.

Nepal, which has 147,181 square kilometres and a population of about 30 million, is located between China and India. Nepal is a landlocked nation as a result. It covers 0.01% of the world’s surface and 0.1% of Asia. The tallest peak in the world, Mount Everest, is Nepal’s claim to fame. Nepal’s natural resources include minerals, water, land, and forests.

Table of Contents

One of Nepal’s primary natural resources is the forest. The FAO estimated that 25.4% of Nepal’s total land area was covered by forests in 2005. However, in the current situation, this percentage has drastically changed. The land formerly covered in the forest has been converted into cultivable land due to rapid population growth and unchecked urbanisation. Therefore, the government of Nepal has split forest regions into three groups to safeguard and conserve them. They are conserved forests, managed for productivity, and protected.

Nepal is an agricultural nation, and a sizable portion of its population still relies on the forest for fuel. In addition to that, the forest is essential to numerous sectors, including those that produce paper, furniture, and lumber. Nepal’s forests are the source of the medicinal herbs used to make medications. Despite this, substantial amounts of spices are transported to other nations due to a dearth of pharmaceutical production companies.

Wild animals and birds can also be found in forests. There are many conservation areas in Nepal which has aided in preserving the animals and the forest. These protected regions serve as a draw for tourists visiting Nepal. It has aided in strengthening the nation’s economy. Forests significantly reduce landslides and floods. It supports environmental ecosystem balance. The forest must therefore be preserved.

Since more than 70% of the population still relies on agriculture, soil is another crucial natural resource in Nepal. Only 147,181 square kilometres, or roughly 0.01% of the world’s land, is occupied by Nepal. Nepal is a landlocked nation that is split into three main regions. They are Himalayan, hilly, and Terai.

In the plain and level Terai, 17% of the land is suitable for cultivation. Since the majority of agricultural products such as rice, wheat, jute, paddy, tobacco, sugarcane, oilseed, potatoes, coconut, maize, etc., are exported from Terai to Hilly and Himalayan, it is also known as Nepal’s “green belt.” Although the terrain is hilly and mountainous, some areas are appropriate for growing crops such as rice, paddy, potatoes, wheat, and maize. Snow, mountains, and rocks cover the Himalayan. Consequently, farming is challenging in this area. They mostly import products from Terai and Hilly. On the other hand, medicinal herbs are widely available in the Himalayan region.

In Nepal, various types of soil are available. They are like alluvial, rocky, sandy, lacustrine, and mountain soil.

Nepal has abundant sources of water. After Brazil, Nepal is considered the second most prosperous country in water resources. The significant water sources in Nepal are mountains, glaciers, and snow. There are eight mountains whose height is above 8000m and many glaciers and ponds in the Himalayan region that flow as rivers in the Hilly and Terai regions. Rivers like Karnali, Bagmati, Seti, Kaligandaki, Mahakali, Koshi, Gandaki, Bhotekoshi, and Sunksohi are famous in Nepal. Similarly, lakes like Rara, Phewa, Tilicho, and Shey Phoksundo are famous tourist spots in Nepal that thousands of tourist visit yearly.

Since water is an essential natural resource in Nepal, it has been used in producing electricity, irrigation projects, drinking purposes, household activities, fish farming, etc. Nepal can produce a large megawatt of electricity, but it has failed to do so, so Nepal is suffering from massive load shedding. People of the capital city are facing a scarcity of drinking water. Agriculture in Terai has not been effective due to the lack of water. As a whole, the availability of this natural resource has not been able to be fully utilized by the government of Nepal.

Nepal is rich in minerals which are another important natural resource available here. There are many minerals, like metallic, non-metallic, fuel, stones, etc., found mostly in the mountainous part of the country. Gold, limestone, mica, copper, and irons are also available in Nepal, based on research. It has been recently researched that Nepal has a possibility of petroleum products in the cities like Nepalgunj, Biratnagar, Dailekh, and Pyuthan. The research is going on, and if possible, there is the possibility of establishing the petroleum industry in Nepal soon. Similarly, minerals like limestone are used for cement production. They are found in Surkhet, Hetauda, Chovar. A research team has revealed that Kathmandu and Mustang have abundant sources of natural gasses available, but it is not officially confirmed yet.

Nepal is a developing country that lacks modern technology, skilled manpower, and capital to extract minerals and establish mining industries. The government makes no hard and fast rule, so even if the international company wants to invest their capital in our minerals, they don’t have any authorization. It takes a long process. The government of Nepal needs to focus on this matter since it will help to solve the unemployment problem in Nepal at some level.

Natural resources are a very important factor in the survival of human beings. They need to be protected, conserved, and properly utilized. Since Nepal is taking a step forward in development, it needs to protect and conserve its natural resources by formulating strict rules and regulations.

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Agriculture in Nepal: An Essay with Comprehensive Analysis

Agriculture in Nepal: A Comprehensive Analysis

Agriculture is the backbone of Nepal’s economy, contributing to more than one-third of the country’s GDP and employing over 65% of the workforce. Nepal’s geographical and climatic diversity has provided a unique opportunity for agricultural production, with the potential to sustainably increase crop yields, livestock productivity, and export value. Despite these advantages, the sector faces several challenges, including limited access to modern inputs, poor infrastructure, and the impact of climate change. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of agriculture in Nepal and suggest ways to overcome these challenges.

Table of Contents

Agricultural Production in Nepal

Nepal’s agriculture sector is divided into two main sub-sectors: crop production and livestock production. The crop production sub-sector includes cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and spices, while the livestock sub-sector includes cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, and poultry. The country’s agricultural production is highly dependent on monsoon rainfall, which accounts for more than 80% of total precipitation. This makes Nepal’s agricultural production highly vulnerable to climate change, with the potential for droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events.

Also Read :  Essay on Natural Resources in Nepal: An Overview

Despite these challenges, Nepal has made significant progress in agricultural production in recent years. The country’s cereal production has increased by 33% since 2000, while livestock productivity has also increased significantly. However, the sector still faces several challenges, including limited access to modern inputs, poor infrastructure, and low adoption of modern farming practices.

Challenges Facing Agriculture in Nepal

One of the primary challenges facing agriculture in Nepal is limited access to modern inputs. Farmers in Nepal lack access to quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and other modern inputs, which hinders their productivity and limits their potential for growth. The government has attempted to address this issue by subsidizing inputs and promoting private sector investment in the sector, but progress has been slow.

Another challenge facing agriculture in Nepal is poor infrastructure. The country’s rural areas lack basic infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and irrigation, which hinders farmers’ access to markets and limits their productivity. The government has attempted to address this issue by investing in infrastructure development, but progress has been slow due to the country’s rugged terrain and limited resources.

The impact of climate change is another challenge facing agriculture in Nepal. The country’s agriculture sector is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and landslides. These events can cause significant damage to crops and livestock, leading to decreased yields and income for farmers. The government has attempted to address this issue by promoting climate-resilient farming practices, but progress has been slow due to limited resources and capacity.

Suggestions for Overcoming Challenges

To overcome the challenges facing agriculture in Nepal, several strategies can be adopted. Firstly, there needs to be an increased investment in agricultural research and development to promote the adoption of modern farming practices. This can include research into new crop varieties, improved irrigation systems, and better soil management practices.

Secondly, there needs to be an increased investment in rural infrastructure development to improve farmers’ access to markets and increase their productivity. This can include the construction of rural roads, electrification, and irrigation systems.

Finally, there needs to be an increased focus on climate-resilient farming practices to mitigate the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector. This can include the promotion of drought-tolerant crops, improved soil management practices, and better water management practices.

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Agriculture is a vital sector for Nepal’s economy, providing employment to over 65% of the workforce and contributing to more than one-third of the country’s GDP. However, the sector faces several challenges, including limited access to modern inputs, poor infrastructure, and the impact of climate change. To overcome these challenges, there can be done to promote agricultural research and development, invest in rural infrastructure development, and promote climate-resilient farming practices. By addressing these challenges, Nepal’s agriculture sector can continue to grow and contribute to the country’s economic development .

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Essay on Natural Resources in Nepal: An Overview

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Chapter-9 Natural Resource of Nepal

Natural Resources of Nepal

#  Introduction to Natural Resources

Ans :- A natural resource is something that is found in nature and can be used by people. Natural resources include land, climate, forest, water, mineral, etc. There are two types of natural resources. They are:

i)  Renewable natural resources:- Renewable natural resources are those resources which can be renewed even after use. For example, water, forest, solar energy, etc.

ii)  Non-renewable natural resources:- Non-renewable natural resources are those resources which can’t be renewed after once it is used. For example, coal, natural gas, natural oil, etc.

1.  What do you mean by water resources? Explain the importance of water resources in Nepal.

Ans:- A water resource is the most important natural resources of Nepal. Nepal is the second richest country in the world on the basis of water. There are more than 6000 rivers in Nepal. The total length of rivers in Nepal is estimated to 45,000 Km. theoretically hydropower of Nepal is 83,000 Megawatt. But economically and technically only 44,000 Megawatt usable. It has several potentialities like hydroelectricity generation, irrigation, drinking water, water transport, etc. The measure rivers of Nepal are Gandaki, Koshi, Karnali, Mechi, Mahakali, Seti, Bheri, Rapti and Narayani.

# Importance of water resources in Nepal.

a)  Development of agriculture sector:- Water resource is the basic of irrigation and irrigation is the life blood of agriculture. The development of irrigation and modernization of agriculture depends directly on water resources. Therefore, development of agriculture sector depends upon water resources.

b)  Development of industrial sector:- A large amount of fuel is needed to generate power for industrial development. The generation of hydroelectricity can be a cheaper means of energy as compare to diesel and petrol. Therefore, generating adequate electricity from rivers of Nepal can developed industrial sector of Nepal.

c)  Development of tourism:- Nepal is rich in rivers, lake, waterfalls and ponds. Tourist visit Nepal for rafting, boating, fishing. Water resources generate electricity which ultimately helps to develop transportation and communication. These are essential to develop tourism industry.

d)  Development of transport and communication:- Energy generated from water resources can be used to run electric means of transportation such as trolley bus, cable car, ropeway, etc. Similarly, use of modern means of communication like Television, Radio, and Internet etc. is possible only with the generation of electricity.

e)  Preservation of forest conservation:- The development of hydroelectricity substitute the firewood as fuel energy. The majority of rural people depend upon firewood to meet their energy needs. Therefore, large scale hydroelectricity production at minimum cost would have to replace the traditional use of firewood consumption.

f)  Generating of employment opportunities:- Development of water resources create direct and indirect employment opportunities in many sector. Proper utilization of water resources helps to develop agriculture, industry and tourism sector which ultimately provides employment opportunities.

g)  Source of foreign currency earning:- The development of hydroelectricity through water resources helps to develop industrial sector, which helps to increase the export volume of goods and services. Similarly, the generated electricity can be exported to earn foreign currency.

h)  Household water requirement:- Development of water resources helps to provides pure drinking water which is the basic of healthy life.

2.  Explain the potentiality of water resources in Nepal.

Ans :- Nepal is a very rich country in water resources. The water resources of Nepal has several potentiality like hydroelectricity generation, irrigation, drinking water, water transport and many more. However the major potential of water resources is hydroelectricity.

3.  Discuss the current situation of hydroelectricity of Nepal.

Ans:- Nepal has huge water resources with high potentiality. The potentiality of hydroelectricity in Nepal is about 83,000 Megawatt, which is 2.27% of the total hydroelectricity of the world. However, only 44,370 Megawatt of the potential capacity is techno-economically viable.

It is explained below in the table:-

By the end of fiscal year 2015/16, a total of 829.2 MW hydroelectricity has been generated from various hydropower projects which is less 1% of the total potentiality. Out of generated hydropower 824.7 MW was connected to national grid.

4.  Describe the problem of water resources development in Nepal.

Ans :- The problems water resources development in Nepal are explained below:

i)  Lack of capital:- A huge amount of capital is required to develop water resources. But the sufficient capital is not available in Nepal. Nepal has therefore unable to conduct the large hydroelectricity and irrigation projects.

ii)  Lack of technology and technician:- Due to lack of capita, Nepal doesn’t have technology and technician manpower. For the purpose of new technology it also required huge capital which Nepal cannot afford.

iii)  Lack of transport and communication:- Transportation and communication facilities are very important in order to conduct projects related to water resources. A most of the hydroelectricity project lies in hill region which means transportation and communication which difficult to reach their.

iv)  Lack of market:- Market of water resources product is limited. One and only market is India but Indian policy is not favorable.

v)  Defective government policy:- Government policy related to water resources is not appropriate and effective. Nepal government has open door policy for private investment but the policy and legal provisions are not clear.

5.  What do you mean by forest resources? Explain the role, importance, direct and indirect benefits of forest resources in Nepal.

Ans:- Forest is one of the important natural resources of Nepal. Different types of forest are found in Nepal. Forest is the renewable natural resources. Hence, scientific management and utilization of resources can increase the pace of development of country.

Green forest is the wealth of Nepal. Forest is the free gift of nature to human beings. Forest is the very important resources of Nepal because it provides fuel, wood, herbs etc. We get raw materials for fuel, raw for furniture and paper etc.

#  Role, important, direct and indirect benefits of forest resources in Nepal

i)  Source of energy:- Forest is the main source of energy. It provides fuel, firewood to meet the daily necessity of people. About 86% of the total energy consumption is supplied by the forest resources.

ii)  Source of raw material:- It provides raw material for forest based industries like paper, medicine, plastic, furniture etc. Therefore, a forest resource is the source of raw materials required for various industries in Nepal.

iii)  Basic of preserving natural eco-system:- Forest is the source of oxygen. Survival of living things is impossible without forest. Forest resources help in environment protection and ecological balance.

iv)  Source of water:- Forest helps to maintain constant flow of water in rivers, cannels and tabs. Forest helps to maintain constant flow of drinking water.

v)  Control of soil erosion and landslide:- Forest helps to control flood, landslide and soil erosion. Therefore, forest is regarded as the natural protection against flood, landslide and soil erosion. The fertility of land declines in the absence of the control of soil erosion.

vi)  Promotion of tourism development:- Forest enhances the natural beauty. The rare wild animals and birds get shelter in the forest which is the source of tourist attraction in various wild life conservation of Nepal.

vii)  Sources of public revenue:- It is one of the main source of public revenue in Nepal. It provides both tax and non- tax revenue by selling the forest product like timber, herbs etc.

6.  What are the causes of rapid deforestation in Nepal? Explain.

Ans:- The causes of deforestation in Nepal are explained below:

i)  High population growth rate:- Due to high growth of population, the dependency on forest is increasing for every sector. With the increase in population, the demand for energy consumption, demand for houses also increases which is one of the cause of deforestation.

ii)  Migration:- Due to low productivity of agriculture and lack of employment opportunities in Hill areas, people migrate to the Terai area. The tendency of such migrated people is to live nearby forest area because of the availability of their daily needs from forest without cost, which is the cause of deforestation.

iii)  Uneducated people:- Lack of awareness and uneducated people, they cut down trees without worry of future. People are unaware of the problems of landslide, soil erosion, lack of rainfall etc.

iv)  Lack of employment opportunities:- About 66% of the total population are engaged in agriculture where seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment are the main problem, today. Due to lack of alternative employment opportunity except agriculture, they use forest resources as a source of extra income.

v)  Demand for raw materials:- The forest based industries are increasing in Nepal. Thus, there is increase in demand for raw materials for forest based industries like paper, furniture etc. As a result deforestation is increasing in Nepal.

vi)  Defective government policy:- The government policy regarding preservation and development of forest is defective because it changes frequently with the change in government and becomes less effective.

vii)  Supply of construction materials:- The wood and timber is essential for the construction of house, bridge, industries and furniture. In rural area, forest areas are destroyed to meet the need of agriculture tools, which is the causes deforestation.

7.  Explain the consequence  of deforestation in Nepal.

Ans:- The consequences of deforestation in Nepal are explained below:

i)  Environment degradation:- Deforestation causes calamities changes and irregular rainfall. Irregular rainfall causes flood, soil erosion, landslide etc. which damages the environment.

ii)  Natural calamities: – Deforestation leads to flood, landslide, deficiency of rainfall and various diseases. Deforestation creates the situation of natural calamities.

iii)  Effect on tourism:- Deforestation destroyed the natural beauty and climate of the country. Similarly, it destroyed rare wild animals and birds. As a result tourism industry will adversely affect.

iv)  Effects on industries:- Deforestation has negative effect on industries. It causes reduction in the supply of raw materials for forest based industries like paper, medicine, furniture etc. it will also have adverse effect on employment and public revenue.

v)  Shortage of construction materials:- Various construction materials in Nepal are based on the timber obtain from forest. Due to deforestation people are facing the problem of construction of house, bridge, factories etc.

vi)  Decrease in live- stock rearing:- Livestock is also based on forest resources. Deforestation directly affects the livestock rearing because there will be lack of food required for livestock due to deforestation.

vii)  Disappearance of rare animals and plants:- Forest is the home for animals, birds and plants. Deforestation leads to disappearance of such rare animals like elephant, tiger, and rhino etc. which have adverse effect on tourism industries.

8.  What do you mean by mineral resources? 

Ans:- Mineral resource is one of the important natural resources. It is the hidden natural resources which directly connect on money worth. It can be found on the underground part of earth, basically gold, silver, petrol, copper etc. are the same of the examples of mineral resources. The expected mineral resources deposited in various part of Nepal are iron ore, copper, limestone, lead, coal, petroleum, gold, natural gas, zinc, magnetize etc.

9.  Explain current position and potentiality of mineral resources in Nepal.

Ans:- It is believed that Nepal is rich in mineral resources. Preliminary survey reveal that there are verities of mineral ores, natural gas, coal etc. are deposited various parts of Nepal. Based on various geological surveys, places of mineral deposits in Nepal are shown below:

                                                                                                               Source:- Economic survey 2012

10.  What are the role or importance of mineral resources in Nepal.

Ans:- The role or importance of mineral resources are explained below:

i)  Development of industries:- Mineral resources have important role in the development of industries. The heavy machinery and equipment needed for industries are made from mineral resources. Therefore, a mineral resource is important for industries development.

ii)  Source of energy:- The mineral resources such as petrol, gas coal etc. are the major source of energy. Optimum utilization of mineral resources can be used to meet growing energy demand.

iii)  Source of employment:- The existence of mineral resources and their proper utilization provides employment opportunities to the people. The mineral resources provide direct as well as indirect employment opportunities.

iv)  Provides employment opportunities:- Most of the people in Nepal are engaged in agriculture occupation. If there is development of mineral resources, it requires more employment and reduces the unemployment in the country.

v)  Modernization of agriculture:- Establishment of mine based industries assists to produce modern agricultural tools, manure and other fertilizers. Such type of modern fertilizers can be used for the large scale production of different types of food crops cash crops, vegetables, fruits etc.

vi)  Source of foreign currency earning:- Nepal can earn large amount of currency by exporting its minerals, if it could extract large quantities of copper, marbles, iron ore etc.

vii)  Development of transport, communication and electricity:- Development of transport and electricity need heavy equipment’s which are the outcomes of mineral resources.

viii)  Source of public revenue:- Optimum utilization of mineral resources helps to establish large scale industries. Nepal has greater scope of cement, zinc, coal, etc. The government can imposed different type of taxes and other duties on such products which are the major source of public revenue.

11.  What are the problems of mineral resources utilization in Nepal?

Ans:- The problem in mineral resources  utilization are explained below:

i)  Lack of advance technology:- The optimum utilization of mineral resources requires advance technology, modern equipment and efficient technician. But the availability highly skilled and experienced technicians are not adequate. Due to this the development of mineral resources is not possible.

ii)  Lack of capital:- A huge amount of capital is required to develop the mineral resources. But Nepalese people are poor and the rate of capital formation is very low. So Nepalese people do not have sufficient capital to invest.

iii)  Lack of infrastructure:- Transportation and communication are essential infrastructure for the development of a country. But such facilities are not available in Hilly and Himalayan region, a place where mineral are deposit.

iv)  Defective government policy:- There should be appropriate and adequate mineral policy that covers various types of mineral resources development including exploration, exploitation, processing, research and development. But there is no any appropriate mineral policy in Nepal.

v)  Lack of in-depth geological survey:- The most important aspect of mineral resources exploration is in-depth geological survey. In other country, except few preliminary geological surveys, adequate surveys have not been undertaken so far.

vi)  Shortage of energy:- The sources like coal, petrol, diesel etc. are the pre- requisites for the extraction, purification and utilization of mineral resources. However, the supply of energy is still inadequate in Nepal.

12.  Concept of Natural Resource Management

Ans:- Natural resources are material that occurs naturally such as timber, coal, water, air, fish, animals and land. Natural resource management is an interdisciplinary field of study that considers physical, biological, economic and social aspects of handling natural resources. It involves putting resources to their best use for human purpose in addition to preserving natural system.

13.  What are the main causes of environmental pollution?

Ans :- The main causes of environment pollution are explained below:

i)  Lack of capital:- We need adequate capital to manage the existing natural resource. Due to lack of adequate capital for investment for utilization of natural resources, these natural resources are still unknown to common people and their use in commercial scale is yet to be started.

ii)  High population growth rate:- High population is the natural resource management. The increase in population will increase the pressure on natural resources, which is one of the major causes of environmental pollution.

iii)  Deforestation:- Deforestation is another problem of natural resource management. The high growth of population leads to migration, maximum use of firewood as fuel for cooking etc. causes deforestation. This creates the problem of natural resource management.

iv)  Use of chemical fertilizers:- Nowadays, most of the farmers of Nepal using chemical fertilizer in order to increase agricultural products in unscientific way. Consequently many animals and plants are being affected negatively resulting problems in natural resource management.

v)  Establishment of industry:- Establishment of industry is also responsible in environmental degradation. There is no any provision for the control of population due to lack of clear policy.

vi)  Increasing numbers of vehicles:- The number of vehicles is increasing day by day in urban areas of Nepal. But road condition is not good to face the pressure of increasing number of vehicles furthermore; the traffic system is also not scientific. As a result, air pollution is high in urban area.

14.  Explain the consequences of environmental pollution.

Ans :- The consequences of environment pollution are as follow:

i)  Soil degradation:- The environmental pollution leads to soil degradation which reduces the productivity of agriculture sector. Due to this, the total production of main crop is decreasing day by day.

ii)  Water pollution and scarcity:- When there is environment pollution then consequently water gets polluted. This rises the problem of water born disease such as typhoid, diarrhea.

iii)  Air pollution:- The use of energy, smoke from vehicles and industries are causing air pollution. This creates breathing related disease such as hypertension, asthma etc.

iv)  Loss of bio- diversity:- The environmental degradation reduces bio- diversity. It reduces the adaptability of eco- system and loss of genetic resources. Loss of bio-diversity leads to ultimate destruction of the environment and it’s capacity to sustain life.

v)  Atmospheric changes:- The over production of carbon monoxide is the causes of depletion of ozone layer. It increases the problem of global warming. The forest, agriculture and the whole eco-system are affected by atmospheric changes.

vi)  Natural calamities:- Rapid deforestation leads to uneven rainfall which results in flood, landslide and various disease.

vii)  Adverse effect in tourism industry:- When environment will be polluted, no any tourist will be attracted to visit Nepal. This will be due to unhealthy environment. So environmental pollution will adversely affect the tourism industries.

15 .  Remedial Measures to Correct Environment Pollution

16.  Problems of Natural Resource Management

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Sunday, March 28, 2010

NATURAL RESOURCES IN NEPAL: Forest, Water, Soil and Minerals

• Kaligandaki: 144MW
• Marsyangdi: 75MW
• Kulekhani I: 60MW
• Bhote Koshi: 36MW
• Khimti: 60MW
• Kulekhani: 32MW
• Copper: Buddha Khola (Bandipur), Gyari (Gorkha), Arghauli (Chisapani), Taplejung, Ilam, Baitadi, etc.
• Iron: Ramechhap, Labdhi Khola, Pyuthan, Bhainse, Kulekhani, Bhutkhola, Phulchoki, Ghatkhola, etc.
• Mica: Bhojpur, Chainpur, Lamjung, Dhankuta, Nuwakot, Sindhuligadhi, etc.
• Limestone: Chovar (Kathmandu), Baise (Makawanpur), Udayapur.

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Blog archive.

• ► May (8)
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• NATIONAL GLORY OF NEPAL
• FAMOUS MARTYRS OF NEPAL
• Major Religions
• Life in the Terai Region
• Life in the Hilly Region
• Life in the Himalayan Region
• NATURAL RESOURCES IN NEPAL: Forest, Water, Soil an...
• REGION OF NEPAL
• Environment Education
• Environment
• Population Education
• LAKES OF NEPAL
• Agriculture in Nepal
• THE RIVERS OF NEPAL
• THE MAHENDRA RAJMARG
• ELECTRICITY
• SOCIAL SERVICE
• Wild Animals in Nepal
• Human Rights in Nepal
• Some Important International Festivals
• Some Important Festivals
• The famous Festival of Nepal
• Social Harmony in Nepal
• A Famous Religious Place in Nepal
• Tourism place of Nepal
• THE HIMALAYAS
• THE SEASONS
• Municipalities by Districts, Zones and Development...
• Location of district in the Zone
• Districts, Zone and Development Regions of Nepal
• Honorable National Things of the Nepal
• NEPAL: SIZE,EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES
• Introduction

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