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Argumentative Essay on Cell Phones in School

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Published: Mar 5, 2024

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Cell Phones in School: An Argumentative Perspective

Table of contents, benefits of cell phones in school, drawbacks of cell phones in school, balancing benefits and drawbacks.

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The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better Essay

Introduction.

It is undeniable that today’s world revolves around technology due to its growth over the past decades. Mobile phones as a part of technology have become increasingly common in modern society. Today, it is impossible to imagine an adolescent or an adult without a cell phone. Students have started to use mobile phones in classrooms, which has raised many concerns among teachers, schools’ authorities, and parents. While there are several disadvantages of the utilization of technology during classes, the advantages of it prevail.

The benefits of technology for students are evident. First, mobile phones can substitute textbooks and notebooks, which may have a positive impact on individuals’ health as they do not have to carry heavy bags to schools. Students can download learning materials in electronic form and use them during classes. Moreover, they can find the information faster and save time to perform other important tasks. Second, with the help of mobile phones, students can have access to their textbooks, lectures, and notes anywhere and at any time. They can read on the bus on their way to school, which may increase the time they dedicate to the analysis of the learning materials and help them to reflect on the topics of discussions.

Furthermore, students can use mobile phones as dictionaries in language classes. It may save their time and ensure that the long learning process does not discourage them. Also, they can download applications that are designed to assist in acquiring new language skills.

It is necessary to mention that students can use mobile phones as organizational or planning tools. They can plan their time based on the deadlines, arrange their activities and track their grades and performance in class. While many students use notebooks for such purposes, the utilization of mobile phones allows for having all the information in one place and ensuring that no important data is lost. Moreover, teachers can be involved in the organizational process too by sharing the necessary information about due dates and requirements via applications. It may improve teacher-student relationships and increase individuals’ performance in class.

There are several drawbacks associated with the use of mobile phones in the classroom. The primary one is that they can distract students from learning, as they may prefer to play games or use social networks. Moreover, individuals can become aggressive if the teachers or school authorities try to forbid the use of technology in class. To eliminate the possible negative outcomes, it is necessary for students to learn how to avoid distraction while working with mobile phones.

For example, they can delete unnecessary applications or restrict their use during classes. Apart from that, students can improve their performance by studying the factors that can cause distraction and avoiding them. Teachers and schools’ authorities should also consider investigating the benefits of the technology to prevent the establishment of unnecessary policies related to its use in the classroom.

The use of mobile phones in the classroom can improve student’s performance and help them to have better learning outcomes. It can save their time, prevent them from carrying heavy bags with textbooks and notebooks and increase the accessibility of course materials. The possible drawbacks of the use of technology in class are individuals’ distraction and aggression. However, students can eliminate the disadvantages of the utilization of mobile phones by avoiding the factors that can cause negative learning outcomes.

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IvyPanda. (2021, July 18). The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/

"The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." IvyPanda , 18 July 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better'. 18 July.

IvyPanda . 2021. "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." July 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

1. IvyPanda . "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." July 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." July 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

Cell Phones in School: Should Be Banned, Restricted or Allowed?

Why cell phones in school should be banned.

The use of mobile phones in schools has attracted the attention of many individuals, state organizations, learning institutions, the media and the society at large. Different views have been raised on the positive impacts and the negative repercussion that come as a result of the use of mobile phones in schools. Although some positive aspects can be drawn from the use of mobile phones in schools, the negative impacts are saddening and the need to be looked at with great caution. Poor school performance of children and cheating in exams can be attributed to the use of mobile phones in schools.

School children with mobile phones tend to have a short span of attention in class due to various activities, as surfing the internet, playing games and texting. These children are also likely to cheat in exams by searching for answers through the internet or texting their colleagues for answers. Likewise, cases of mobile phone theft increase due to the urge of getting better phones to those who already have and the desire of having a phone to the poor children who cannot afford it. These should thus give an alarm to the school board to ban the use of mobile phones.

One of the major reasons why the use of mobile phones by school children should be banned is because it promotes cheating during exams. The mobile phones may provide good avenues for the children to cheat in exams and thus earn undeserved credits. Children use the taken pictures of class notes, videos, text messaging as well as wireless earbuds to gain access to materials that assist them during the exams. According to the National School Resource Officer Survey in 2004 by NASRO, it was estimated that more than 41 percent had reported handling cases of students using mobile phones improperly. The officers reported that among the improper ways school children had used mobile phones included cheating in exams, particularly through text messaging and the internet.

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Another reason why the school board should ban the use of mobile phones is due to the short span of attention by the children. Student’s concentration in class is distracted on various occasions in the presence of mobile phones. In certain instances, the disturbance can be carried on to the rest of the children in class if the phone rings out loud. This is more likely to happen and cause a lot of distraction, hampering the learning process if these phones are not put in silent mode. Moreover, if a phone is put in silent mode or on vibration, it distracts the owner leading to a short attention span in class. If a call or message, for instance, comes in, the student loses concentration and diverts their attention towards reading the message or answering the call. These lower the student’s understanding of things taught in class and in turn results in poor performance.

It is essential for the school board to note that the use of mobile phones by children promotes theft. The changing technology results in the production of more attractive and expensive mobile phones that not every child can afford. Theft complaints are thus not going to stop anytime soon if the use of mobile phones in schools will not be banned. Despite the fact that some of the children already own mobile phones, they will be tempted to steal the more sophisticated ones from their friends. The poor children who cannot afford a cell phone are no exemption and they are most likely to steal any type of phone for them to own one. It is best if schools ban their use to prevent such cases of theft.

It is thus justifiable to conclude that the school board has a big part to play in making the learning environment suitable for all the children. The ban on the use of mobile phones will be very beneficial to all and would lead to better performance. The children’s concentration span in class would improve, cheating in exams would be minimized and cases of mobile phone theft in schools would be forgotten. If the school board embraces the idea of making it illegal to use mobile phones, the society will benefit and the school children will all have a favorable environment to learn.

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Why Cell Phones in School Should Be Restricted?

People create different devices and machines due to the constant growth of human needs and demands. It is connected with the appropriate improvement in the quality of life. In fact, the creation of such a modern device as a cell phone refers to great wonders of the twenty-first century, even if its use at school is under great concern. Thus, the development of the cell phone and its regular use can improve the process of studying at school, but it can also destruct the way students thinking and learning.

The cell phone makes a revolution in education. It widens children’s outlook and suggests new ways and approaches for learning more information in different subjects through video use. It becomes evident that “allowing students to use cell phones in the classroom for specific, academic purposes has the power to increase student engagement and allow teachers to more effectively assess learning on a daily basis” (Giambalvo).

It means that the particular use of this device contributes to the development of creativity and interactive experience. Students can get free access to a large number of sources which can be essential in studying. In this case, juniors are motivated to set their goals and reach them observing different videos based on the learning topics. Additionally, this issue includes social and emotional aspects that show how an individual can assess himself/herself to reveal the appropriate persistence and diligence. Thus, modern teachers consider cell phones as a useful tool for learning, which makes studying easier and more interesting.

The cell phones provide new effective ways of learning for those who try to overcome the difficulties with the second language. In this case, it’s primary purpose is to improve the limits of students’ vocabulary. With the help of mobile dictionaries, students can memorize many new words including their translation and spelling. They also develop their vocabulary while writing a test after reading the assignment, which seems to be rather difficult (Lu 515). The point is that students do not have any limitation to learn more words every time they look up a new one and its various meanings. It is known that lexical information improves the intellect, and students’ speech becomes better. Therefore, the effectiveness of cell phone use is obvious, and it is necessary to further develop this approach.

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On the other hand, cell phones cause cheating and unceasing ringing that destroys classroom policies at school. Many teachers claim that “the technology is considered a serious source of distraction in the classroom” because it has a negative impact on academic performance (Campbell 280). In such a way, plagiarism becomes a common problem that exists among students. After finishing high schools, they are not ready to develop and create their own ideas. Students have boundless access to the Internet, thus they simply copy and paste the suggested information. It brings harm to the students’ studying as they do not make any considerable effort to develop their own intellectual skills and abilities in the process of learning. Additionally, teachers often complain that they cannot concentrate on the representation of new material due to the ringing in the class.

Moreover, parents notice that their children stop paying much attention to the school assignments but talk over the phone all the time. Perhaps, it is a precise result of parents’ numerous requests to allow their children to use mobile phones at school as they are against the past ban (Taylor). Thus, the cell phone becomes children’s obsession as they gradually begin to depend on this advanced technology.

In conclusion, the use of the cell phone improves the quality of studying as teachers can apply various teaching videos. Students can also learn the second foreign language via the cell phone by consulting the dictionary and memorizing new words as well as establishing communication and interacting with each other. However, the use of cell phones has several disadvantages while studying: the main one is cheating. This leads to reducing students’ own knowledge because they are out of practice. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the use of cell phones at school in order to avoid plagiarism which is not good for students studying.

Why Cell Phones in School Should Be Allowed?

In terms of using cell phones in school, various improvements have been established at different schools, which benefited students since their privacy has been improved as well as an effective and essential means of communication was implemented. Schools are trying out various policies that allow having cell phones at schools with some permitting students to use their phones only during breaks or at lunchtime. Other schools are encouraging students to have cell phones at school in order to enhance the educational process, the main purpose of which is to improve understanding in the classroom.

This is helpful in various ways since it provides suitable platforms for enhancing educational understanding. Other policies that were implemented allow students to carry cell phones to school and use them after classes and at breaks. The phones should be kept in lockers or backpacks during classes. This is unlike the policy of some schools that allow phones and encourage students to carry them to school and use them in class for their educational advantage.

Cell phones use in high school during break times should, therefore, be allowed because of personal rights, privacy issues, and effective and essential communication. The use of cell phones during breaks prevents students from losing attention in class and allows them to maintain necessary communications with their parents as well as provides them with the advantages of e-learning tools. Allowing students to use cell phones at school gives students the right to personal life and privacy. In addition, cell phones enhance research and improve students’ understanding since they have more access to information that is available on the Internet.

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Cell Phones should be Allowed in School an Argumentative Essay

How it works

The debate over whether cell phones should be allowed in schools is a prominent issue in the modern educational landscape. With the ubiquity of cell phones in daily life, especially among younger generations, schools are reconsidering policies regarding their use during school hours. Proponents argue that cell phones can be a valuable tool for learning and safety, while opponents worry about distractions and potential misuse.

One of the key arguments in favor of allowing cell phones in schools is their potential as educational tools.

Smartphones give students instant access to information, online educational resources, and learning apps. They can enhance learning experiences through interactive activities, research, and the ability to document school projects and experiments. Furthermore, in an increasingly digital world, teaching responsible and effective use of technology is seen as an essential skill for students.

Another important consideration is the aspect of student safety. Cell phones can serve as a crucial line of communication between students and their parents, especially in emergencies. In situations where immediate contact is necessary, such as sudden illness or school lockdowns, having a cell phone can provide peace of mind to both parents and students. They also enable parents to monitor their children’s whereabouts and well-being.

However, the argument against cell phones in schools primarily focuses on the potential for distraction and misuse. Constant notifications and social media can divert students’ attention away from classroom activities, hindering their ability to concentrate and learn. There are also concerns about cheating during exams, cyberbullying, and the invasion of privacy. Additionally, constant access to cell phones can foster an overreliance on technology, potentially diminishing students’ social interaction and communication skills.

In conclusion, while the integration of cell phones into school settings presents challenges, their potential benefits cannot be overlooked. A balanced approach, perhaps involving regulated use and educational guidance on digital citizenship, might be the key to harnessing the positive aspects of cell phones in educational environments. As technology continues to evolve, schools have the opportunity to adapt and integrate these tools in a manner that benefits both students’ learning and their safety.

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Persuasive Essay: Should Cell Phones Be Allowed in Schools

Banning cell phones in school? Allowing students to use their cellphones in the classroom is 

a controversial topic. But students have already found ways of using cell phones in school for academic purposes. After all, allowing cell phone usage can help students during the day by learning in a way they are comfortable, keeping in contact with their parents, and devices provide easy access to information. I do not agree with the cell phone ban!

First of all, allowing cell phone usage lets students learn in a way where they're comfortable.  

Cell phones are like a tool to students these days, it helps them in many ways and it makes them feel comfortable and learn better.  According to the text, “Smartphones are young-person intuitive.  More and more students know how to use them, and they are becoming the most used "tool" by teens "(The SHARE team, resilient educator). In addition, allowing students to use their cell phones keeps them in contact with their parents. And know there are phones in schools but parents feel safe to know that their children can reach them at any moment. Based on the text, "Contacting parents mediated by school sometimes takes time so one of the best options is if the student can contact them directly.  This is especially useful during medical emergencies.  There are also times where the parents need to get ahold of their child for some important reason or just to check up on them on why they are running late "(Todd VanDuzer, student-tutor). 

In fact, letting students use their phones in schools also lets them access information easier.  

Some students may find it hard to keep on top of all their assignmens and by giving them access to information on the internet they can learn more about the topic and help them be on top of their work.  As said in the text, "If smartphones are allowed in school, students will have easy access to more information and therefore will be more participative during the class discussion" (Todd VanDuzer, student-tutor).  Being able to search up facts in just a few clicks is one of the biggest advantages of using technology.

On the other hand, Cell phones in the classroom promote cheating.  There are many websites, online forums, and tutors available online.  Most of the websites require subscriptions.  These resources, allow students to ask a question about their homework and they will be provided the answer.  If a student is allowed to bring their cell phone, he will have access to submit his question and receive the answer.  As said in the text "As said before, kids are getting distracted and not paying attention, so when it comes to taking a test they have no idea what the answers are so many students will cheat and not even learn anything" (Amie Vitello, Middle Borough TV).

In conclusion, cell phones should not be banned from schools because they are used for academic purposes. They provide quick access to knowledge, and they are learning in a method that is comfortable for them, and they can maintain in touch with their parents. In the end mobile devices have their benefits. So, should we ban them?

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5 paragraph essay on cell phones in school

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The Use of Mobile Phones in Schools

The use of cell phones in schools by students has become a fiercely debatable topic that concerns all segments of society, including students, parents, teachers, scholars, and officials. People who mostly advocate for using mobile phones consider that these devices are beneficial in providing safety and seamless connection of pupils with parents and are useful for education overall. Nevertheless, I hold to the firm conviction that the use of cell phones should be banned or maximum restricted in schools since, in most cases, they disrupt the learning process and notably impair student’s performance. Thus, in this essay, I will present valid arguments supported by statistics, credible opinions, and facts, which prove the harm of using gadgets in educational premises.

The first argument is that mobile phones disrupt the learning process by causing interruptions and distractions of students’ attention from classroom activities. It is evident that any educational material requires intense mental concentration from individuals to be adequately comprehended and memorized. This aspect is fundamental in further student’s performance and progress since one missing or misunderstood item makes it impossible to master the whole topic or even subject successfully. Moreover, because of this, students become increasingly uninterested, bored, and sometimes contemptuous towards a particular subject. Thus, the primary task and responsibility of every school or educational establishment are to create a conducive environment that promotes the learning process and helps students attain excellent outcomes.

In this context, the students who have gadgets during school classes are usually inclined to use them for communication in social networks and viewing pictures and videos on the Internet, which produces unwanted distractions. Additionally, a constant risk exists that pupils can watch embarrassing videos or content of pornographic nature via smartphones, which corrupts the students’ morals and even makes them incapable of perceiving useful, educational information. As Danielle Einstein, a clinical psychologist from the University of Sydney, asserts, the overall situation is complicated because these devices provoke dopamine release leading to strong psychological addiction (Heizer). Furthermore, Henderson, a journalist for The Independent , describes a phenomenon called phantom vibrations that occur as a result of “learned bodily behavior” (Henderson). Namely, even the slightest vibration can make an individual feel like the phone vibrates, although, in fact, vibrations were absent. Numerous phone calls from outsiders, that is, parents, relatives, and friends, also cause interruptions in learning the material taught by the teacher.

Besides, many scholars have confirmed via experiments that the presence of mobile phones in school disrupts the learning process. For example, two researchers from Western Carolina University, Lawson and Henderson, conducted the study involving 120 first-year students, which demonstrated that students who were texting during lectures obtained considerably less score regarding comprehension and performance (Lawson and Henderson 121). This study only confirmed the results of the previous similar research indicating that “texting can reduce comprehension of class material at a rate of 10–20%” (Lawson and Henderson 119). It is worth noting that these results were related to comparatively simple material.

The second argument that can be advanced against the gadgets’ use is that they can adversely affect the individual’s cognitive capabilities that are vital for students’ performance and studying. For example, the recent research performed by Ward et al. concluded that even the close location of a smartphone near the user, for instance, on the desk, can worsen cognitive capacity and fluid intelligence (140). Moreover, cognitive damage is directly proportional to the dependence from a smartphone. The research indicates that “the presence of students’ mobile devices in educational environments may undermine both learning and test performance” (Ward et al. 151). It should be mentioned that the study consisted of two experiments that involved 520 and 275 smartphone users, respectively.

The third argument is connected with cheating since many students tend to use smartphones while taking a test or even an exam. For example, according to a Pew Research Center study, 35 percent of pupils use their phones to complete tests or assignments, and 65 percent of teens reported that they see how smartphones were used by others (Morin). Overall, in the educational environment, not only does cheating make it impossible to evaluate students correctly and rightly but also allows them not to prepare for exams appropriately. This has adverse consequences for their performance and the ability to master the necessary knowledge.

Another issue that gains the increasing alert among pedagogues and parents is that cell phones can promote cyberbullying that implies threats, harassments, humiliation, or torments by means of technology. Cyberbullying can be executed through social media sites or other websites and text messages or emails. Besides, this phenomenon has various forms, including impersonation, that is, fake accounts, trolling, flaming, namely, posting derogatory comments, cyberstalking, trickery, and denigration, that is, posting gossip and rumors about someone. According to the survey conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Center in 2016, around 34 percent of middle and high school students have experienced cyberbullying; some of them cyberbullied several times (McCullum). It should be specified that cyberbullying leads to significant negative outcomes and can cause depression, anxiety, feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, loss of interest in studies, and even using alcohol and drugs. Moreover, this type of bullying is difficult for teachers to track and stop.

The last argument is correlated with disconnection from face-to-face communication and a decrease in the students’ participation in outside and social activities. Working together and leading in-person discussions about a particular topic is an indispensable part of education. Moreover, involvement in sports and social activities play an essential role in the psychological and physical development of children and adolescents. With the excessive use of gadgets, many teens tend to avoid traditional, alive conversations and outside games and prefer to communicate using smartphones, play digital games, and hang on the Internet. In this regard, secondary schools in the UK began establishing stricter rules regarding cell phones, prohibiting using them in school premises individuals under sixteen years of age (Hymas). This measure has resulted in the fact that students become more active, alert, and sociable in the school setting.

To summarize, in this essay, I have advanced valid and persuasive arguments against the use of mobile phones in schools, maintained by statistics, credible opinions, and facts. These arguments include the disruption of the learning process, the adverse effect on the individual’s cognitive capabilities, cheating, cyberbullying, and disconnection from face-to-face communication. For example, the disruption of the learning process caused by possible distractions related to phone calls or communication in social networks while cyberbullying is accompanied by threats, harassments, humiliation, or torments using technology. In conclusion, as Nick Gibb, a British politician, said, “Every hour spent online and on a smartphone is an hour less talking to family, and it’s an hour less exercise, and it’s an hour less sleep” (Austin). Thus, people, especially teachers, students, and parents, should be aware of the harm of using mobile phones in schools to prevent unfortunate consequences concerning students’ performance, education, their mental health, overall.

Works Cited

Austin, H. “ Mobile Phones ‘Should be Banned from Schools,’ Minister Says. ” Independent , 2019, Web.

Heizer, S. “ What do Five Experts Think about Mobile Phones in Schools? ” Guardian , 2018, Web.

Henderson, E. “ Phantom Vibration Syndrome: Up to 90 Percent of People Suffer Phenomenon while Mobile Phone Is in Pocket ”. The Independent , Web. 2016.

Hymas, C. “Secondary Schools Are Introducing Strict New Bans on Mobile Phones.” The Telegraph–UK , 2018.

Lawson, Dakota, and Henderson, Bruce B. “The Costs of Texting in the Classroom.” College Teaching , vol. 63, no. 3, 2015, pp. 119-124.

McCullum, K. “ Cyberbullying in School: Prevention and Support. ” Accredited Schools Online. Web.

Morin, A. “ How Teens Use Technology to Cheat in School. ” Verywell Family , 2019, Web.

Ward, Adrian F., Duke, K., Gneezy, A., and Bos, M.W. “Brain drain: The Mere Presence of one’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity.” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research , vol. 2, no. 2, 2017, pp. 140-154.

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StudyCorgi. (2022, January 27). The Use of Mobile Phones in Schools. https://studycorgi.com/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-schools/

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Essay on Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In School

Students are often asked to write an essay on Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In School in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In School

Introduction.

Cell phones have become an essential part of our lives. The question is, should they be allowed in schools? This is a hot topic with many different views.

Benefits of Cell Phones in School

Cell phones can be helpful in schools. They can be used for learning. Students can use them to research, do math, or read. They can also be used for safety. If there is an emergency, students can call for help.

Drawbacks of Cell Phones in School

Cell phones can also be a problem in schools. They can distract students from learning. Students might spend time on games or social media instead of studying. They can also lead to cheating in exams.

In conclusion, cell phones have both benefits and drawbacks in schools. It’s important for schools to find a balance. They could allow cell phones but set rules for when and how they can be used.

250 Words Essay on Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In School

Cell phones have become a part of our lives. But should they be allowed in schools? This question has sparked a lot of debate. Some people say yes, while others say no. Let’s look at both sides of the argument.

Reasons for Allowing Cell Phones

Firstly, cell phones can be helpful learning tools. Many have apps that can help students learn new things. For example, language learning apps can help students learn a new language. Also, cell phones can be used for research during class.

Secondly, cell phones can provide safety. Parents can contact their children in case of an emergency.

Reasons Against Allowing Cell Phones

On the other hand, cell phones can be a distraction. Students might use them to play games or chat with friends during class. This can lead to poor grades and less learning.

Also, cell phones can lead to cyberbullying. Students might use them to send mean messages or spread rumors.

In conclusion, there are good reasons for and against allowing cell phones in schools. It’s important to think about these reasons and make a wise decision. Maybe schools can allow cell phones but set rules to prevent misuse. This way, students can enjoy the benefits of cell phones without the drawbacks.

500 Words Essay on Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In School

Cell phones are everywhere. They are in our homes, our pockets, and even in our schools. But, should they be allowed in school? This question has sparked a lot of debate. Some people think cell phones are a great tool for learning, while others worry they are a distraction. Let’s explore both sides of the argument.

Learning Tools

Cell phones can be great for learning. They can help students research topics, take notes, and even study for tests. Many schools now use apps for homework and classwork, making cell phones a vital part of the learning process. Some educators even use cell phones in their lesson plans to make learning more interactive and engaging.

Communication

Another reason why cell phones should be allowed in schools is for communication. Students can use them to contact their parents or guardians in case of an emergency. Plus, they can stay in touch with their friends and plan group study sessions. Cell phones help students feel connected and safe.

Distractions

Despite the benefits, there are also reasons why cell phones might not be a good idea in schools. One of the main concerns is that they can be a distraction. Students might be tempted to play games, text, or browse social media during class instead of paying attention. This can lead to lower grades and a lack of focus on schoolwork.

Cyberbullying

Another concern is cyberbullying. With cell phones, students can send hurtful messages or share embarrassing photos quickly and easily. This can lead to a lot of harm and distress for the victims. Schools need to ensure they have proper measures in place to prevent and address cyberbullying if they allow cell phones.

In conclusion, whether cell phones should be allowed in school is a complex issue. They can be great tools for learning and communication, but they can also be sources of distraction and cyberbullying. It’s important for schools to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision. They should also think about how they can use cell phones in a way that benefits students while minimizing the risks.

This essay is a brief look at the topic, and there is much more to consider. It’s a debate that will likely continue as technology evolves and becomes an even bigger part of our lives. As students, it’s important to think about how we use our cell phones and how they impact our learning and our relationships with others.

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5 paragraph essay on cell phones in school

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Cell Phones in School, Essay Example

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The use of cell phones has become a part of teenagers’ everyday life.   As a result, teachers and parents are both concerned by the excessive use of cell phones by teens.  Parents and teachers are divided on the actual use or harm that cell phones may present for it users. While others are optimistic that cell phones uses may outweigh the cons. A recent study showed that more than 1.3 billion teenagers had cell phones with access to the Internet.  Teenagers spend a lot of time on their phones. Many believe it has become an addiction. On average, teenagers spend more than 7 hours per day on their phones. Yes, teenagers spend time updating accounts, posting pictures, following, and liking others topics, but sometimes they use their cell phones for educational purposes. This is especially true when they are allowed to use them in the classroom. When it is implemented in the classroom, students will enjoy learning because it doesn’t really seem like work. How many teen-agers don’t have a cell phone these days? The brilliant thing about cell phones is that they are no longer just used for calling or texting. They have become an way to have access to nearly anything at one’s fingertips. Today’s cell phone is equivalent to having a computer in your back pocket. According to Sterner, “Remember everything about that cell phone in your student’s pocket is vastly more powerful than the computer used by Neil Armstrong to land on the moon” (57). Take advantage of that power! With all of these advantages, should students be permitted to have and use cell phones in school? I believe students should be permitted to use cell phones in school because they allow students to have access to family and friends, they are also an excellent learning resource, and they teach students to use technology responsibly.

Cell phones are a great communication resource. With school violence being on the rise, parents can sigh a breath of relief knowing that their children can contact them if they need to. Cell phones are a great way to keep in touch with friends as well. First, cell phones make it possible for students to stay in touch with family and friends. A student can call home and ask a family member to bring them a forgotten assignment or to come pick them up if they are sick. Also, cell phones allow parents to keep track of their children’s whereabouts before, during, and after school. There’s always the possibility of a student needing to contact a parent because of a dangerous situation. Students can also connect with friends. A teacher may asks students to text or email other students when they are absent to let them know what’s going on in class. Some teachers even allow students to text or email assignments directly to them. Also, some teachers use it as an instrument of producing desired behaviors. “The cell phone is a tangible symbol of teens’ independence. Its power with my students makes it a useful instrument for getting the behavior needed in class However, only few teachers are implementing the use of cell phones into their classes”(57). When used responsibly, a cell phone can be an excellent communication tool.

Also, smart phones are a fabulous learning resource that nearly every student has access to. Turkle said,

“Almost all teenagers in America today have used social media. Nine out of 10 (90%) 13- to 17-year-olds have used some form of social media. Three out of four (75%) teenagers currently have a profile on a social networking site, and one in five (22%) has a current Twitter account (27% have ever used Twitter). Facebook utterly dominates social networking use among teens: 68% of all teens say Facebook is their main social networking site, compared to 6% for Twitter, 1% for Google Plus, and 1% for MySpace (25% don’t have a social networking site” (Turkle, 11 ).

With numbers like these, why wouldn’t teachers use them as a resource? Also, students can use tools such as the calculator, the map finder, and the calendar. Some students use their cell phones in Math and Geography to keep track of homework or search about information that is unfamiliar to them. Some science and history teachers allow students to use smart phones to do research when they are doing group work or working on a project. For example, Mr. Sterner, the author of the article, says he adheres to the school and building policies about the use of cell phones; however, he sets clear rules for his classroom. Students know that once they have broken those rules they will lose their cell phone use privileges (57). Cell phones are a quick and easy way to incorporate technology in the classroom.

All teachers agree that their role is to prepare students for the real world. Technology is a great part of the real world. Filling out job applications, paying bills, and even registering to vote can be completed online via the use of technology now. In most cases, the use of technology has taken the place of the traditional learning environment. Many educators are afraid that this trend is leading to the death of knowledge; however, it is only leading to a new way of obtaining and using knowledge. The use of pencil and paper has been replaced with keypads and wireless internet. Yes, there are some cons to the excessive use of technology. For example, many students have poor penmanship and spelling skills because of the constant use of text lingo. As a result, many students have great difficulty writing using formal standards. When texting and emailing, there are really no grammar rules. Studies have proven that daily use of technology is restructuring the brains of our younger generation. Is that such a bad thing? The world is changing daily and the brains of teens are changing in order to keep up with the changes around them. Another drawback that has been noted is that young people are unable to face challenges and solve problems they may encounter in face to face situations. As a result, many youngsters a very confrontational. They are unable to adequately express themselves.

A final reason is that cell phones encourage the responsible use of technology and will power. Sterner mentioned a study that was conducted in the 60s and 70s by Walter Mischel called the Marshmallow test. The test was conducted to determine if the desire to do something could be altered or delayed. It was determined that it could be and that the development of this strategy would be helpful later in life. Mischel conducted several delayed gratification tests in which subjects were able to use their own will power to delay actions. He concluded that those with will power were more socially accepted, popular, and successful in academics (Sterner, 58). Students often cannot resist looking at their phones to check Facebook or Twitter. However, having their phone in their pocket, but resisting the urge to check their phones instills work ethics and professionalism. Students can learn when and how to use their cell phones to enhance their learning or just for fun. They will become more independent in their work and more motivated to learn. Students like being allowed to make choices. If a student is texting when he/she should be paying attention to the teacher, the teacher should take the cell phone away from the student. By allowing the use of cell phones, students will feel like they are being treated like responsible young adults, and they will appreciate that. In one study, it was concluded that teachers who allow student to use their phones at designated times had a higher rate of compliancy to classroom rules. The teachers who participated in the study stated that they defined specific rules that students had to abide by. They knew when they were in a “free zone” or could use their phones without consequences. More than 88 percent of those teachers felt that by allowing them to use their phones improved classroom behavior issues. In many cases, students who did not have cell phones were able to partner with another student to complete work. Students participated more in class and were willing to respond without reluctance. One teacher said she allowed her students to use cell phones for specific activities on specific days per week. For example, he said:

“I have my students use their cell phones for things like: l Poetry analysis (dictionary) and composition (thesaurus); l Tweeting from a character’s point of view to aid character analysis; l Research (short-term, brief only); and l Photojournalism for viewing examples and creating our own photo essays” (Sterner, 57).

Of course, teachers will have to have guidelines and rules for the proper use of cell phones in the classroom. Nevertheless, they are such a great resource every teachers needs to consider implementing them in their classroom.

In conclusion, cell phones ensure communication, are a learning resource, and encourage appropriate use of technology and build will power. People who oppose the use of cell phones in school do so because of the disruptions and distractions cell phones can cause; however, we must accept that we live in the technology era and that cell phones are an important and very useful part of the educational world. Students miss out if teachers fail to take advantage of the educational power of the cell phone. Let’s make the most of the day and age we are living in!

Works Cited

Sterner, R. “4 Things You’ll Miss By Banning Cell Phones in Your Classroom.” Education Digest 81.2(2015):56 MasterFile Premier, Web, 2 Nov. 2015

Turkle, S. (2004). How computers change the way we think. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 50 (21), 10-15

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Uses of Mobile Phones Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on uses of mobile phones.

Mobile phones are one of the most commonly used gadgets in today’s world. Everyone from a child to an adult uses mobile phones these days. They are indeed very useful and help us in so many ways.

Uses of Mobile Phones Essay

Mobile phones indeed make our lives easy and convenient but at what cost? They are a blessing only till we use it correctly. As when we use them for more than a fixed time, they become harmful for us.

Uses of Mobile Phone

We use mobile phones for almost everything now. Gone are the days when we used them for only calling. Now, our lives revolve around it. They come in use for communicating through voice, messages, and mails. We can also surf the internet using a phone. Most importantly, we also click photos and record videos through our mobile’s camera.

The phones of this age are known as smartphones . They are no less than a computer and sometimes even more. You can video call people using this phone, and also manage your official documents. You get the chance to use social media and play music through it.

Moreover, we see how mobile phones have replaced computers and laptops . We carry out all the tasks through mobile phones which we initially did use our computers. We can even make powerpoint presentations on our phones and use it as a calculator to ease our work.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

While mobile phones are very beneficial, they also come to a lot of disadvantages. Firstly, they create a distance between people. As people spend time on their phones, they don’t talk to each other much. People will sit in the same room and be busy on their phones instead of talking to each other.

Subsequently, phones waste a lot of time. People get distracted by them easily and spend hours on their phones. They are becoming dumber while using smartphones . They do not do their work and focus on using phones.

Most importantly, mobile phones are a cause of many ailments. When we use phones for a long time, our eyesight gets weaker. They cause strain on our brains. We also suffer from headaches, watery eyes, sleeplessness and more.

Moreover, mobile phones have created a lack of privacy in people’s lives. As all your information is stored on your phone and social media , anyone can access it easily. We become vulnerable to hackers. Also, mobile phones consume a lot of money. They are anyway expensive and to top it, we buy expensive gadgets to enhance our user experience.

In short, we see how it is both a bane and a boon. It depends on us how we can use it to our advantage. We must limit our usage of mobile phones and not let it control us. As mobile phones are taking over our lives, we must know when to draw the line. After all, we are the owners and not the smartphone.

FAQs on Uses of Mobile Phones

Q.1 How do mobile phones help us?

A.1 Mobile phones are very advantageous. They help us in making our lives easy and convenient. They help us communicate with our loved ones and carry out our work efficiently. Furthermore, they also do the work of the computer, calculator, and cameras.

Q.2 What is the abuse of mobile phone use?

A.2 People are nowadays not using but abusing mobile phones. They are using them endlessly which is ruining their lives. They are the cause of many ailments. They distract us and keep us away from important work. Moreover, they also compromise with our privacy making us vulnerable to hackers.

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When Schools Want to Ban Cellphones—But Parents Stand in the Way

5 paragraph essay on cell phones in school

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Smartphone-carrying kids equip parents with minute-by-minute information on all kinds of behaviors and actions. They can see their kid’s exact location, clock how fast their teenager is driving, and track what they’re buying with Apple Pay. So in an era when 24/7 access to one’s children is the norm, many parents react strongly to the prospect of cellphone bans during the school day.

Consider the experience of Jose Lebron, now in his eighth year as the principal at Kensington High School in the Philadelphia school district, when he banned cellphones soon after starting his job. “Shortly after we sent out communication to students and parents [about the ban]—that’s when the uproar began. We were getting inundated with phone calls. Parents were going to their City Council; complaints got all the way up to the superintendent’s office,” he told Education Week . “You would have thought the world was going to end.”

Parents almost always cite safety concerns as their chief opposition to cellphone bans, say many school administrators, including Lebron. “They say, ‘If something happens, my child needs to get in contact with me,’” he said.

It’s an understandable reaction, given the rise of violence on school campuses in recent years and the instantaneous access that cellphones afford. The huge psychic and emotional toll of school shootings and the threat of that violence is often at the center of parents’ concerns, especially as the frequency of those events has increased somewhat in recent years. And that’s the case despite data that show that schools remain one of the safest environments for children.

Further, experts say there’s no research to back up the claim that students’ access to cellphones during a school shooting makes them any safer.

“There’s been no evidence whatsoever that having smartphones protects kids from school shootings, pedophiles, etc.,” said Michael Rich, a pediatrician and the director of the Digital Wellness Lab , a nonprofit research center at Boston Children’s Hospital.

But a growing body of research points to the very real and ubiquitous risks that cellphone use presents to students’ safety.

Heavy use of cellphones by adolescents has been linked to adverse mental health outcomes, from increasing risk of anxiety to suicidal ideation. Nearly half of children ages 10 to 17 who use social media wind up on porn sites, according to Rich. And in a recent survey of an estimated 1,300 girls ages 11 to 15 by nonprofit Common Sense Media, most respondents who reported using Snapchat or Instagram said they’d been contacted by a stranger via these social media platforms in ways that made them feel uncomfortable.

Education aimed at both parents and students offers the best defense against these threats, say experts.

But not all teachers, principals, and administrators are prepared or eager to take responsibility for this education.

In a recent nationally representative survey of teachers, principals, and district leaders conducted by the EdWeek Research Center, 1 in 3 either completely or partly disagreed with the statement that “educators should be responsible for helping students learn to use social media in ways that support their mental health and well-being.”

How parents’ smartphone behaviors impact what kids do

Viewing education on healthy smartphone use as a partnership with parents and students may ease the burden on teachers, said Liz Kolb, a digital literacy expert who says many schools tend to either involve parents or students but not both.

“We really want to try to find ways to bring parents and students together,” said Kolb, a professor of learning technologies and teacher education at the University of Michigan.

She points out that parents have social media tendencies that may be detrimental to their children’s use of smartphones and social media, however unintentionally.

How they model social media use is a big one. “When we talk to 6th graders, they’ll say: My parents are looking at their phone during dinner, and they sleep with their device, so why can’t I?”

Kolb doesn’t fault parents. “They don’t know how to create structure around it since they didn’t grow up with it,” she said.

Additionally, parents tend to be restrictive about their children’s social media use, putting locks on everything, observed Kolb. “That works in terms of reducing screen time but not in terms of creating an open conversation about what’s going on online and how they’re feeling about it,” she said.

Kolb instead recommends active monitoring, in which parents engage in social media with their children. For instance, if an adolescent child wants an Instagram account, Kolb suggests that parents sit down with their child, set up the account together, talk about the privacy structures, what is safe and unsafe, and create some parameters. “And you follow them [on Instagram],” she said. “When you just say ‘no,’ they’re going to find a workaround. Talk to the kids about why rather than just saying no.”

An effective communication plan—not student cellphones—aid safety during a crisis

Educating parents on digital wellness still may not convince them that their children are safer without their cellphones at school.

School security experts explain how using smartphones during a school crisis can make a situation worse. Ken Trump, a school security consultant for 30 years, told NPR what that increased danger can look like. For one, he said, using a smartphone in an emergency situation can distract kids from necessary actions, such as listening to directions from first responders. In addition, the sound of cellphones can alert assailants to hiding places.

Simply forbidding students to have cellphones during the school day will not assuage parents’ fears.

Prioritizing digital wellness education that includes parents and students, plus developing strong communication plans to be used in crisis situations and informing parents about them, may. And, as Kensington High Principal Lebron has discovered, parents will eventually get over the initial shock of being unable to connect instantly to their children during the school day.

“It’s gotten to the point where it’s accepted,” he said, referring to the total cellphone ban on campus. And he has no plans to reverse course.

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Banning Cell Phones in Schools Essay Example

Do schools care that cell phones are creating an unhealthy environment for students? In almost every free period, students sit on their cell phones with their heads down. Why would schools want their students to waste free time when they can spend that time working on school work or interacting with others? Students are also missing out on so much information just from being on their cell phone during a class. Cell phones cause distractions, fewer interactions, and failure. Schools should care about their students by banning cell phones. 

The main reason why students are becoming more distracted during class is because of their cell phones. When students sit on their cell phones during a class, it makes it very difficult for them to stay focused. Since the use of cell phones are increasing, bullying over social media is also starting to increase. Because of this, students face emotional hits if they see that they are left out of a group chat or see photos of which they compare themselves to. If this happens to a student during the schoolday, it can make it very difficult for them to stay engaged during class or when they are doing school work (“Smartphones”). 

Along with students being distracted, cell phones have caused fewer interactions between students. U.S. government teacher, Joe Clemet, and teacher, Matt Miles, have said that free periods have deteriorated from lively talk among students and teachers to silent screen reading. Clement thought that he could bring back the lively talk of students during free period classes by restricting cell phones. Students responded by not showing up. Instead, students went to a different free period class where cell phones were not restricted (Mathews). Also, it has been found that cell phone use increases the rate of depression. Face-to-face interactions with friends helps decreases the rate of depression (“Smartphones”). Creating a school environment without cell phones will help give students the opportunity to have face-to-face interactions with other students. Creating a school environment without cell phones will also help create a healthy environment for students. 

Furthermore, cell phone in school does not boost achievement. Students who interact with their cell phones during class tend to perform poorly on tests (usually a full letter grade or more). Some schools that have decided to change their cell phone policy saw an increase in test scores by 6.41%. Based on a study in 2017, some participants were told to keep their cell phones nearby and the other participants were told to put their cell phones in a different room. Then, each participant was asked to perform a memory test. The participants who didn’t have their cell phones performed much better than the participants who had their cell phones (“Smartphones”).

Finally, some schools believe that allowing students to use their cell phones during the school day isn’t a bad thing. Some schools have even worked cell phones into the daily curriculum. From text reminders to school apps, cell phones are making the learning system much more easier (Kennedy). Even though cell phones are making the learning system much more easier, there will be a higher chance that students will cheat, cell phones will still cause distractions, and there will still be fewer interactions between students.Working cell phones into the daily curriculum won’t solve these problems.

In conclusion, cell phones create an unhealthy school environment for students. They cause distractions, failure, and fewer interactions. It has been proven that students perform poorly in school if cell phones are allowed. It has also been proven that decreasing cell phone use in school will help increase interactions between students. Schools should want their students to have a healthy environment. Cell phones should be banned in schools.

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5 paragraph essay on cell phones in school

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Best 10+ Argumentative Essay Examples for Effective Writing

Discover top-notch argumentative essay examples that will elevate your writing skills and help you craft compelling arguments effectively.

Argumentative essays are a common assignment in academic writing that requires students to present a strong argument and support it with evidence. These essays aim to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's viewpoint on a particular topic or issue. To help you understand the key elements and techniques of writing an effective argumentative essay, we have compiled a list of the best 10+ argumentative essay examples. These examples will not only inspire you but also provide you with insights into different types of argumentative essays and how to write them successfully.

5 paragraph essay on cell phones in school

What is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents a well-reasoned argument on a specific topic. The goal of this essay is to convince the reader to adopt the writer's perspective or take a certain action. In an argumentative essay, the writer presents evidence, supports claims with facts, and provides counterarguments to address opposing views. This type of essay relies heavily on logical reasoning and critical thinking skills.

Types of Argumentative Essays:

Classical Argument : This type of essay presents a clear argument, supports it with evidence, and refutes counterarguments.

Rogerian Argument : In this approach, the writer seeks to find common ground and establish mutual understanding between opposing viewpoints.

Toulmin Argument : The Toulmin model emphasizes using evidence to support claims, identifying and responding to counterarguments, and acknowledging the limitations of the argument.

Deductive Argument : In a deductive argument essay, the writer starts with a general statement or premise and provides specific examples to support it.

Inductive Argument : The inductive argument essay begins with detailed observations or examples and uses them to draw a general conclusion.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay:

To write an effective argumentative essay, follow these steps:

  • Choose a debatable topic: Select a topic that is open to different interpretations or has contrasting viewpoints.
  • Conduct thorough research: Gather relevant and credible sources to support your argument and address counterarguments.
  • Develop a clear thesis statement: Your thesis statement should express your main argument and provide a roadmap for the essay.
  • Outline your essay: Organize your thoughts and evidence in a logical order. Create sections for your introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.
  • Write a compelling introduction: Grab the reader's attention with a hook, provide background information, and present your thesis statement.
  • Present your argument: Each body paragraph should focus on a separate point and provide evidence to support it.
  • Address counterarguments: Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and refute them with evidence and logical reasoning.
  • Summarize and conclude: Restate your thesis, summarize your main points, and leave the reader with a thought-provoking conclusion.

Now, let's explore the best 10+ argumentative essay examples that will serve as inspiration for your own writing endeavors.

Example 1: Should the use of cell phones be allowed in schools?

  • Introduction: Cell phones have become an integral part of our daily lives, but their usage in schools remains a topic of debate.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Cell phones can be used as educational tools as they provide access to a wealth of information and resources.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Allowing cell phones in schools can enhance communication between students, parents, and teachers.
  • Body Paragraph 3: The use of cell phones can promote safety and security as students can quickly contact authorities in case of emergencies.
  • Counterargument: Opponents argue that cell phone usage can lead to distractions and disrupt the learning environment.
  • Refutation: Proper guidelines can be implemented to regulate cell phone usage and minimize distractions.
  • Conclusion: Allowing cell phones in schools, with appropriate restrictions, can have numerous benefits for education and overall student well-being.

Example 2: Should animal testing be banned?

  • Introduction: Animal testing has long been a subject of ethical concern, and the debate about its necessity continues to rage on.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Animal testing has contributed to numerous scientific breakthroughs and advancements in medicine.
  • Body Paragraph 2: The suffering and unethical treatment of animals during testing is morally wrong and goes against our duty to protect animal rights.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Alternative methods, such as in vitro testing and advanced computer simulations, can provide more accurate results without the need for animal experimentation.
  • Counterargument: Critics argue that without animal testing, scientific progress and medical advancements would be hindered.
  • Refutation: Increased funding and focus on alternative testing methods can lead to further advancements while eliminating the need for animal testing.
  • Conclusion: Banning animal testing is a necessary step towards a more ethical and effective approach to scientific research and medical advancements.

Example 3: Is social media beneficial or harmful to society?

  • Introduction: Social media has rapidly become a powerful force in our lives, but its impact on society remains a contentious issue.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Social media allows for global connectivity and facilitates the spread of information and ideas.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Social media provides a platform for marginalized groups to raise awareness, mobilize, and effect positive change.
  • Body Paragraph 3: The addictive nature of social media and its negative impact on mental health is a cause for concern.
  • Counterargument: Critics argue that social media promotes excessive self-comparison, depression, and cyberbullying.
  • Refutation: Education and awareness campaigns can help individuals navigate social media's negative aspects and promote healthier online behavior.
  • Conclusion: While social media has its downsides, its positive aspects outweigh the negatives, making it a valuable tool for communication and societal progress.

Example 4: Should college education be free for all?

  • Introduction: The rising cost of college education has sparked a debate about accessibility and affordability.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Providing free college education can ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Free college education can lead to a more educated society, benefiting the economy and promoting social mobility.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Critics argue that free education would result in oversaturation of the job market and devalue the worth of a college degree.
  • Refutation: Strict admission criteria and high-quality education can maintain the value of a college degree while ensuring broader access.
  • Conclusion: By making college education free, societies can break down barriers to education and create a more equitable and prosperous future.

Example 5: Is the death penalty an effective form of punishment?

  • Introduction: The death penalty has long been a topic of ethical and moral debate.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Supporters argue that the death penalty deters potential criminals and ensures justice for the most heinous crimes.
  • Body Paragraph 2: The death penalty is irreversible and carries the risk of executing innocent individuals, making it ethically unacceptable.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Alternative punishments, such as life imprisonment, can achieve the same objectives without the risk of wrongful execution.
  • Counterargument: Some claim that the death penalty is a necessary retribution for the most severe crimes.
  • Refutation: Life imprisonment can serve as a just punishment, allowing for potential reformation and avoiding the irreversible loss of innocent lives.
  • Conclusion: Abolishing the death penalty is a crucial step towards a more humane and just criminal justice system.

Example 6: Should genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be labeled?

  • Introduction: The use of genetically modified organisms in food production has become a topic of public concern, raising questions about transparency and consumer choice.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Labeling GMOs allows consumers to make informed decisions about their food choices based on personal preferences and health considerations.
  • Body Paragraph 2: The potential risks and long-term effects of GMOs on human health and the environment necessitate transparent labeling.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Opponents argue that mandatory labeling of GMOs would increase food prices and stigmatize biotechnology.
  • Refutation: Proper regulation and accurate labeling can provide necessary information without significantly impacting food prices or stigmatizing GMOs.
  • Conclusion: Labeling GMOs is a matter of consumer rights, allowing individuals to make informed choices and promoting transparency in the food industry.

Example 7: Should plastic bags be banned?

  • Introduction: Single-use plastic bags have emerged as a major environmental concern, prompting discussions about their impact and the need for regulation.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Banning plastic bags can reduce plastic pollution, protect wildlife, and mitigate the harmful effects of plastic waste on ecosystems.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Alternatives to plastic bags, such as reusable bags, are readily available and provide a more sustainable option for consumers.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Critics argue that banning plastic bags would inconvenience consumers and negatively impact businesses.
  • Refutation: Encouraging the use of reusable bags and providing alternative solutions can address these concerns without compromising the environment.
  • Conclusion: Banning plastic bags is a necessary step towards reducing plastic pollution and promoting a more sustainable future.

Example 8: Should the voting age be lowered to 16?

  • Introduction: The debate surrounding the voting age hinges on the question of youth political engagement and civic participation.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Lowering the voting age to 16 can promote youth involvement in local, national, and global issues.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Today's youth are well-informed and actively engaged in social and political matters, justifying their right to vote.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Critics argue that 16-year-olds lack the necessary maturity and life experience to make informed voting decisions.
  • Refutation: Many 16-year-olds contribute to society, work, pay taxes, and drive, indicating a level of responsibility and ability to make informed decisions.
  • Conclusion: Lowering the voting age to 16 can empower the youth, thereby fostering a more democratic and inclusive political landscape.

Example 9: Should schools implement mandatory dress codes?

  • Introduction: The issue of school dress codes often sparks contentious debates regarding self-expression, professionalism, and fostering a suitable learning environment.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Implementing mandatory dress codes can promote a sense of unity, reduce peer pressure related to fashion, and minimize distractions.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Dress codes can prepare students for future professional settings and teach them the importance of appropriate attire.
  • Body Paragraph 3: Critics argue that dress codes limit individual expression and can perpetuate gender stereotypes.
  • Refutation: Dress codes can be flexible and inclusive, allowing for self-expression within certain guidelines while still maintaining a suitable environment for learning.
  • Conclusion: Implementing dress codes, when thoughtfully designed, can strike a balance between individual expression and maintaining a conducive learning environment.

Example 10: Is online learning as effective as traditional classroom learning?

  • Introduction: The rapid growth of online learning has initiated discussions about the efficacy and widespread adoption of this educational format.
  • Body Paragraph 1: Online learning provides flexibility, accessibility, and the opportunity for self-paced learning, catering to diverse student needs.
  • Body Paragraph 2: Traditional classroom learning promotes face-to-face interactions, immediate feedback, and a sense of community among students.
  • Body Paragraph 3: The integration of technology and interactive platforms in online learning can replicate the benefits of classroom settings.
  • Counterargument: Critics argue that online learning lacks the social and collaborative aspects of traditional classroom learning.
  • Refutation: Online learning can be augmented with virtual discussions, group projects, and video conferencing to foster similar collaborative experiences.
  • Conclusion: Online learning, when combined with interactive and collaborative features, can be just as effective, if not more, than traditional classroom learning.

In conclusion, argumentative essays provide opportunities to explore various perspectives on contentious topics and present evidence-based arguments. By examining different viewpoints, rebutting counterarguments, and offering refutations, these essays can contribute to critical thinking and effective communication.

Best 10+ Argumentative Essay Examples for Effective Writing

Jury Wraps First Day of Deliberations in Trump Hush-Money Trial

The 12 New Yorkers deliberating on the 34 felony counts against Donald Trump were dismissed for the day after asking for some testimony and the judge’s instructions to be read back to them. Mr. Trump is accused of falsifying business records in connection with a payment to a porn star.

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Donald J. Trump, flanked by his attorneys, inside a courtroom.

William K. Rashbaum ,  Jonah E. Bromwich and Ben Protess

The judge’s instructions will be a road map for the jury weighing Trump’s fate.

It’s all up to the jury now.

After seven weeks of legal wrangling and tawdry testimony, the first criminal trial of an American president moved to a jury of Donald J. Trump’s peers on Wednesday morning, the final stage of the landmark trial.

Mr. Trump’s fate is in the hands of those 12 New Yorkers, who will weigh whether to brand him as a felon. It could take them hours, days or even weeks to reach a verdict, a decision that could reshape the nation’s legal and political landscapes. And while the country anxiously awaits their judgment, Mr. Trump will continue to campaign for the presidency.

The moment that deliberations began marked a transfer of power from the experts in the courtroom — the lawyers arguing the case and the judge presiding over it — to the everyday New Yorkers who forfeited weeks of their lives to assess a mountain of evidence about sex and scandal.

The jurors, who spent more than four hours deliberating on Wednesday without reaching a verdict, meet around a long table in an unremarkable room with unforgiving lighting and walls painted a hue best described as municipal. Located off a small hallway behind the courtroom, it is steps from the jury box and has a door at each end, outside of which a court officer stands guard.

The judge, Juan M. Merchan, had invited the jurors to send him a note if they were confused about the law, or wanted to revisit testimony from the trial. And they took him up on the offer, buzzing the court officer to relay a message requesting four excerpts from the testimony.

On Thursday, a court reporter will read that testimony to the jury, most of which comes from David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, who prosecutors say was part of a conspiracy to suppress unflattering stories on Mr. Trump’s behalf during the 2016 election. Another portion of testimony relates to Michael D. Cohen, Mr. Trump’s former fixer who was the prosecution’s star witness.

Before the jurors began deliberating Wednesday, Justice Merchan delivered an array of legal instructions to guide their decision-making. He impressed on them the gravity of their task but also said that the defendant — even a former president — is their peer.

“As a juror, you are asked to make a very important decision about another member of the community,” Justice Merchan said, referring to the defendant.

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Read the Jury Instructions

The case exposed what prosecutors from the Manhattan district attorney’s office described as a fraud on the American people. It is one of four criminal cases against Mr. Trump, but most likely the only one that will go to trial before Election Day.

The Manhattan charges stem from a hush-money deal that Mr. Trump’s fixer, Michael D. Cohen, struck with a porn star in the final days of the 2016 presidential campaign. Prosecutors charged Mr. Trump with 34 counts of falsifying business records, saying he disguised his reimbursement of Mr. Cohen as ordinary legal expenses.

The jurors, seven men and five women, hail from different neighborhoods of the nation’s largest city and hold a wide variety of jobs, representing a cross-section of Manhattan. Many have advanced degrees, and the panel may be aided by the two members who are lawyers, though neither appears to have criminal experience, and one said during jury selection that he knew “virtually nothing about criminal law.”

On Wednesday morning, Justice Merchan laid out the legal instructions to guide their discussions. He described to them the legal meaning of the word “intent” and the concept of the presumption of innocence. He also reminded the jurors that they had pledged to set aside any biases against the former president before they were sworn in, and that Mr. Trump’s decision not to testify cannot be held against him.

Then, Justice Merchan explained each of the 34 charges of falsifying business records that Mr. Trump faces, one for each document the prosecution says that Mr. Trump falsified. It was the most important guidance that the judge offered during the trial. And it was no simple task.

In New York, falsifying records is a misdemeanor, unless the documents were faked to hide another crime. The other crime, prosecutors say, was Mr. Trump’s violation of state election law that prohibited conspiring to aid a political campaign using “unlawful means” — a crime they say he committed during his 2016 campaign for president.

Those means, prosecutors argue, could include any of a menu of other crimes. And so each individual false-records charge that Mr. Trump faces contains within it multiple possible crimes that jurors must strive to understand.

Justice Merchan explained which document each count pertained to, referring to each of the 34 records — 11 invoices from Mr. Cohen, 12 entries in the Trump Organization’s general ledger and 11 checks, nine of them signed by Mr. Trump.

Marc F. Scholl, who served nearly 40 years in the district attorney’s office, noted that jury instructions are often difficult to follow, particularly given that, in New York, jurors are barred from keeping a copy of the guidance as they deliberate. And he said that defendants are often charged with several different crimes, requiring even more elaborate instructions.

Still, Mr. Scholl said, one point of complexity stood out in the Trump case: “Usually you don’t have this layering of these other crimes.”

Justice Merchan encouraged jurors, if they find themselves confused by legal arcana, to send him a note seeking clarification, and in addition to their request for testimony, they asked the judge to repeat his instructions. “He recognizes it’s a lot to take in,” Mr. Scholl said.

If convicted, Mr. Trump would face a sentence ranging from probation to four years in prison — although he would be certain to appeal, a process that could take years.

Compared with the instructions, the trial testimony was relatively straightforward. Prosecutors called 20 witnesses as they sought to convince jurors that Mr. Trump had hatched the election conspiracy with his former personal lawyer and fixer, Mr. Cohen, and the publisher of a supermarket tabloid, The National Enquirer, David Pecker.

The first witness, Mr. Pecker, testified that in a 2015 meeting at Trump Tower, he had agreed to suppress unflattering stories on behalf of Mr. Trump’s candidacy. He did so twice, he said. He paid a former Trump Organization doorman and a former Playboy model to keep silent after learning that both of them had damaging stories to sell about the candidate.

But Mr. Pecker did not pay for the third — and potentially the most damaging — story that came to his attention. That story belonged to Stormy Daniels, a porn star who said that she had a sexual encounter with Mr. Trump 10 years earlier, a story that she repeated from the witness stand and that Mr. Trump has always denied.

The final prosecution witness, Mr. Cohen, testified that Mr. Trump had ordered him to pay Ms. Daniels to keep silent. Mr. Cohen obeyed, sending $130,000 to Ms. Daniels in the days before the election.

After he won, Mr. Cohen said, Mr. Trump approved the plan to falsify the reimbursement records.

Defense lawyers repeatedly sought to paint Mr. Cohen as an inveterate liar out for revenge against the boss who spurned him.

On Wednesday, Justice Merchan told the jury that the law considers Mr. Cohen an accomplice “because there is evidence that he participated in a crime, based upon conduct involved in the allegations here against the defendant.”

But he also told the jurors that “even if you find the testimony of Michael Cohen to be believable, you may not convict the defendant solely upon that testimony, unless you also find that it was corroborated by other evidence.”

Justice Merchan then proceeded through each of the 34 charges count by count to explain what prosecutors had needed to prove. The knotty legal instructions were the product of intense argument between the prosecution and the defense, culminating in a hearing last week in which each side sought to persuade the judge to make minor edits that they hoped would have a major impact.

The result was a compromise, with both sides securing some victories.

In one important decision, the judge rejected a defense request that jurors be unanimous on which “unlawful means” Mr. Trump had used to aid his election win. That request would have made reaching a verdict far more difficult.

Prosecutors argued that would be special treatment and that the former president should be treated like any other defendant. Mr. Trump’s lawyers argued that while the law did not require such unanimity, Justice Merchan could nonetheless ask for it.

“What you’re asking me to do is change the law, and I’m not going to do that,” Justice Merchan told Mr. Trump’s lawyers.

Olivia Bensimon ,  Nate Schweber ,  Anusha Bayya and Susanne Craig

The scene outside the courthouse mellows a little as deliberations start. Sort of.

Fresh off a red-eye flight from California, Cynthia Frybarger dropped off her luggage at the Margaritaville hotel in Midtown early Wednesday and boarded a downtown Q train, bound for the hottest pop-up spot in Manhattan.

Her destination: Collect Pond Park, the square plot of cement and trees across Centre Street from the front doors of the Manhattan Criminal Courthouse, where a few hours later a group of 12 New Yorkers began deliberating whether to convict Donald J. Trump in the first criminal trial of an American president.

“I didn’t come strictly for this, but it fit in perfectly,” Ms. Frybarger, 73, said, holding up the “Lock Him Up!!!” poster she had made back home in San Jose.

As Mr. Trump’s trial has unfurled through its various stages, the park has played host to a daily tableau of New York writ small — gawkers and tourists, politicians and celebrities, demonstrators and protesters, all of whom have stood for hours in the baking sun and driving rain, to see and be seen.

Ms. Frybarger arrived around 6 a.m., she said, early enough to witness the spectacle — if a somewhat muted version — that has accompanied the proceedings.

The throng of protesters and demonstrators and hecklers that typically scream, whistle and clang cowbells to disrupt on-air broadcasts was conspicuously quieter. A group of women in Trump-themed clothing gathered in a serene circle and prayed, sang and wept. Another woman blew a shofar. Reporters threatened to outnumber demonstrators. Influencers held iPhones aloft, filming every little interaction to fulfill their content needs in the streaming era.

Scott LoBaido, a Staten Island-based artist, and his partner in spectacle, Dion Cini, unveiled a painting that depicted Mr. Trump as Muhammad Ali standing triumphant, recreating the famous photo of Mr. Ali’s knockout of Sonny Liston. Mr. LoBaido, who painted what he called his “masterpiece,” reimagined the prostrate Liston as Robert De Niro. Mr. LoBaido said he was inspired by what he described as Mr. De Niro’s “insanity” on Tuesday, when the actor accused Mr. Trump of threatening democracy .

A few dissenting anti-Trump voices made dramatic appearances. Vivica Jimenez, 50, a fashion designer, photobombed Trump supporters with a handwritten sign that said “CHARLATANS” before being pelted with insults.

Ms. Jimenez said she had followed the trial since the start and felt she had to finally make a statement. “I’m not afraid to be here,” she added.

As the hours passed on Wednesday, the crowd started thinning, as if recognizing, perhaps, the importance of conserving energy with the timing of a verdict unclear. But the animosity that has surrounded the trial over these last seven weeks was still present: Skirmishes broke out between Trump supporters and counterprotesters, with one turning physical.

As two anti-Trump demonstrators, Kathleen Zea and Julie DeLaurier, ventured into a warren of Trump supporters, a group of shouting men and women wearing “Make America Great Again” garb surrounded them, attempting to block them from view with Trump flags. Ms. Zea said a woman had grabbed her anti-Trump sign and jabbed her with a pro-Trump flag, causing bruising and a laceration.

“I’ve never had that happen,” said Ms. Zea, an activist who lives in Astoria, Queens. “We yell at each other, but I never had a hand put on me — I was being attacked.”

The police intervened and broke up the fracas. They escorted Ms. Zea and Ms. DeLaurier out of the park as a battery of pro-Trump demonstrators followed, shouting insults and wishing them deportation and death. A similar scene unspooled across the afternoon with at least three other anti-Trump demonstrators.

Ms. Frybarger, too, got into a shouting match with pro-Trump demonstrators on the other side of the park, but her experience ended peacefully — or at least not in violence. She wandered over to talk with some of them, and a crowd formed around her, with a police officer ordering the demonstrators not to touch her sign. After some tense exchanges over Mr. Trump’s and President Biden’s respective policies in office, Ms. Frybarger and the pro-Trump protesters seemed to agree on some points, and the crowd calmed.

“That’s how you do it,” the officer said. “Dialogue.”

Ms. Frybarger had tickets to see a Broadway matinee of “Suffs,” a musical about the fight for women’s right to vote. Before departing, she said she couldn’t return on Thursday, but would be back on Friday if the jury is still deliberating. She left fulfilled.

“It became a conversation, which was nice,” she said. “And that’s what we need. To listen to each other.”

Shawn McCreesh contributed reporting.

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Read the Jury Instructions in the Trump Manhattan Criminal Trial

The judge in former President Donald J. Trump’s Manhattan criminal trial, Juan M. Merchan, issued instructions to jurors on Wednesday that serve as a guide to applying the law in deliberations.

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Jonah Bromwich

Jonah Bromwich

Court has adjourned for the day. The judge did not determine exactly which portions of the transcript related to David Pecker’s testimony would be read aloud. We’ll find out tomorrow morning. Proceedings will begin at 9:30.

The one portion that is disputed involves David Pecker's testimony about that meeting. I believe prosecutors want the testimony that is read back to include Pecker’s remarks that he relayed the discussion in the meeting to Dylan Howard, who was then The National Enquirer's editor.

If I’m understanding correctly, prosecutors believe that the readback should also include the portion of Pecker’s testimony in which he directed Howard to notify other employees of The National Enquirer that they should bring any stories about Trump to him. Pecker also testified that he told Howard that the Enquirer employees would have to speak to Michael Cohen about the arrangement.

The judge notes that there was also key testimony directly after that: in which Pecker told Howard to keep the arrangement secret. This could help prosecutors show that there was intent to defraud on the part of the conspirators, who they say include Trump.

The judge seemed to make a decision here, but it was difficult to follow. We’ll find out for sure soon, either when we receive a transcript tonight or when the jurors are read this testimony back tomorrow.

Maggie Haberman

Maggie Haberman

There’s also no disagreement about the fourth request from the jurors, which involves testimony from Michael Cohen about an August 2015 meeting he had at Trump Tower with David Pecker and with Trump.

There is no disagreement on the second request, which pertains to David Pecker’s testimony about financial arrangements related to the Karen McDougal hush-money deal.

There is no disagreement on the jurors’ first request, for testimony from David Pecker pertaining to a call he had with Trump in June 2016.

The judge is back on the bench. He asks the lawyers, “Where do we stand?” Joshua Steinglass, a prosecutor, says that while they have “made a lot of progress,” they will need the judge to help them sort out which portions of the transcript should be read back to the jury.

You’ll remember that the jurors asked for four different portions — three of them testimony from David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, and one from Michael Cohen, Trump’s former fixer.

Trump’s lead lawyer, Todd Blanche, asked Justice Merchan if Trump could wait across the hall while the two sides figured out the relevant portions of the testimony that the jurors want to hear. Then Trump and Blanche smiled and joked around at the defense table for a few minutes. Trump eventually got up and left his lawyers behind.

Trump’s legal adviser, Boris Ephsteyn, who has been described as helping manage the relationship between Trump and Blanche, whom he helped bring into Trump's fold, is standing at the gate leading to the well of the court now, furiously whispering with Blanche.

We have no idea, ultimately, what to make of the jurors’ requests to hear some of the testimony and some or all of the judge’s instructions on the law. But we do know one thing. This is very normal.

Jurors frequently ask to hear testimony read back, and especially given how complex the applicable law is in this case — and perhaps, given the fact that there are two lawyers on the jury — it makes a lot of sense that they want to hear the jury instructions too.

The judge gives the jurors the guidance he typically gives them before excusing them for the day — saying they should not talk to others about the case or read about it, along with other orders. Then he dismisses them. We will not get a verdict today.

The judge says the readback of the relevant testimony, which has not yet been located in full, will take about a half hour. He also asks them whether they want to hear all of the jury instructions again, or part of them. He says that they can discuss that in private.

The jurors have returned, and the judge is reading the two notes they sent aloud to them as they sit in the jury box. Pretty remarkable to look at these 12 jurors and think that, in private, they have been deliberating whether Trump is guilty or not guilty.

Jesse McKinley

Jesse McKinley

Donald Trump Jr., the former president’s oldest son, is sitting in the courtroom, striking a casual pose: his tie off, a couple buttons of his shirt undone, his arm draped over the bench seat beside him.

The judge returns to the bench. He addresses the lawyers, saying that the jurors sent a second note at 3:51 p.m. The jurors have also asked to hear the judge’s instructions again.

Justice Merchan says he will bring the jurors back into the courtroom, tell them lawyers are working on identifying the transcripts they feel are relevant to the jurors’ first requests and clarify whether they want to hear all of the jury instructions again — which would take an hour — or specific portions.

Typically, when jurors request to hear testimony, they return to the courtroom and the relevant portions of the transcript are read aloud by the court reporters. Sometimes court reporters have a little fun with this, doing impressions and imitating accents. I’d be surprised to see that here. The court reporter is already on the witness stand, waiting for the jury.

When Justice Merchan addressed the note with the prosecutors and defense lawyers, he asked if it was OK to seat the alternates where they had been in the jury box, as opposed to in the front row, since this courtroom is packed. No one objected.

The jurors asked to hear two other portions of David Pecker’s testimony. The first is about the phone call he testified he had with Trump during an investor meeting, in June 2016, during which Trump acknowledged that he knew Karen McDougal.

The second appears to pertain to Pecker’s decision not to collect reimbursement from Trump for his hush-money deal with McDougal. The wording from the jurors is slightly unclear, so this is the only request that we’re not entirely sure about at the moment.

At first glance, the jurors’ focus on David Pecker, a witness who offered damning testimony against Trump, seems like a bad sign for the defense. On the other hand, they seem to want to check the testimony of Michael Cohen, who the defense sought to tar as a liar, against that of Pecker.

The judge is back on the bench. He explains that the jurors sent a note, signed by the foreperson, at 2:56 p.m. The jurors have four requests.

Three of the requests relate to testimony from David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer and the first witness to testify for the prosecution, who prosecutors say was part of a conspiracy to suppress negative news on Trump’s behalf during the 2016 election. One of them relates to testimony from Michael Cohen, the last witness to testify for the prosecution, who is also alleged to be a part of that conspiracy.

The jurors want to hear both men’s testimony about the Trump Tower meeting where Pecker testified that the two men reached that agreement with Trump himself. Perhaps they are seeking to compare their stories.

Trump just walked back in, alerted as he sat in his holding room, along with his entourage.

Michael Gold

Michael Gold

Asked in the hallway outside the courtroom how he was feeling as the jury deliberated, Trump simply raised a fist and shook it, a gesture he has made throughout the trial as he has tried to project strength to the news media while avoiding questions.

The prosecutors have returned to the courtroom, shortly after a phone in here rang. Typically, that type of phone call in the midst of deliberations means that the jurors have sent a note. The paralegals sitting in the front row look excited, as does one of the prosecutors.

Alvin Bragg, the Manhattan district attorney, is not here.

Jurors have been deliberating for more than three hours and have sent no notes, indicating that the deliberations have not yet raised any questions that they have not been able to answer among themselves. They will deliberate until at least 4:30 today, but they may choose to go later. We’ll see.

William K. Rashbaum

William K. Rashbaum

The jury will weigh a monumental decision in a utilitarian space.

The rectangular room is unremarkable.

Its lighting is unforgiving, and its furnishings are institutional. But it has one crucial quality: It is large enough to accommodate 12 people around a long table.

It is here that on Wednesday jurors in the first criminal trial of an American president are weighing the fate of Donald J. Trump. And it is here that they will eventually vote on whether to convict him on all, some or none of the 34 felony charges against him that stem from a hush-money scheme .

The walls are painted a hue best described as municipal. A long conference table is surrounded by rolling office chairs, their worn seats and backs are covered with dark-colored fabric, according to people who have seen the room.

Located off a small hallway behind the courtroom, it is steps from the jury box and has a door at each end; there are two bathrooms.

Justice Juan M. Merchan’s jury room is unexceptional in the towering Art Deco granite- and limestone-faced Criminal Courts Building, which was completed in 1941 and houses dozens of courtrooms that line its long, wide marble-paneled hallways. Many have whiteboards and flat-screen monitors on which jurors can view documents and other trial exhibits.

A court officer will stand watch outside the room as the jurors deliberate . They can summon the officer with a buzzer when they want to send a note to the judge conveying questions or requests for testimony to be reread. (Once the officer enters, the jurors’ deliberations must cease.) Copies of notes are provided to the defense and the prosecution, and the judge reads them aloud in open court.

There is no way to determine how long the jurors, whose names have not been made public, will take to either reach a verdict or conclude that they are hopelessly deadlocked. But as they deliberate in their hideaway, the former president and his lawyers, as well as the prosecutors, must remain nearby in the courthouse, with little to do but wait.

Susanne Craig

Susanne Craig

As the jury deliberates, the scene outside the courthouse is more sedate than it was yesterday. The street right out front is lined with television reporters and the crews that support them. There are easily several hundred people.

The trial has drawn interest from the around the world. The park that faces the courthouse has been a magnet for protesters of various stripes. This crew typically makes a lot of noise — they scream and use cowbells to disrupt on-air broadcasts. There is none of that today.

Kate Christobek

Kate Christobek

As in all trials, there is no telling how long jury deliberations will take. It’s common to wait days, or even weeks, for a verdict. We will be in the courthouse while we wait and will continue to provide updates as we have them.

Jury deliberations have started. Here’s how they work.

Follow our live coverage of Trump’s hush-money trial in Manhattan.

For more than five weeks, the 12 unidentified jurors in Donald J. Trump’s Manhattan criminal trial have listened to opening statements, witness testimony, closing arguments and the judge’s final instructions .

Now their deliberations have begun. The jurors retreated behind closed doors of an unremarkable rectangular room on Wednesday and started to debate whether the first president to be criminally prosecuted has committed felony crimes.

The first juror selected is serving as the foreperson and will likely lead the jury’s discussions during deliberations. His or her opinion and vote do not carry more importance than those of the others.

While the jury deliberates, it’s common to wait days, or even weeks, for a verdict. Prosecutors charged Mr. Trump with 34 felony charges of falsifying business records related to a $130,000 hush-money payment to the porn star Stormy Daniels on the eve of the 2016 election.

The jurors’ verdict on each count — guilty or not guilty — must be unanimous.

During their deliberations, the jury can send back notes, signed by the foreperson, to ask questions to the court or have a witness’s testimony read back to them. Jurors also have access to a laptop containing trial exhibits that they can refer to during their deliberations.

If one of the 12 jurors is unable to continue deliberating for any reason, an alternate would step in. They have watched the case for weeks and remain on site so they can tag in if necessary.

Mr. Trump also must remain inside the courthouse while the jury is deliberating.

If the jury finds that he is guilty of even one of the counts, the judge will sentence Mr. Trump at a later date. But if they find that he is not guilty of all of the charges, Mr. Trump will be acquitted.

If the jurors cannot reach a verdict, they will inform the judge, who will urge them to continue their deliberations. If they remain deadlocked, the judge could declare a mistrial, and the prosecutors would then need to decide whether to bring the case again.

COMMENTS

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