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20 Best Sanskrit Quotes & Shlokas With Meaning In English

This is a collection of famous Sanskrit quotes on Yoga, Karma, and Dharma with their meaning and transliteration in English.

Sanskrit is one of the oldest languages of the world and Vedic Sanskrit was a language that dominated the major part of the Indian Subcontinent in ancient times. Thus it is no wonder that Sanskrit quotes embody the essence of ancient Indian philosophy and thought. The Vedas including the oldest of them all, Rigveda, are in Sanskrit, and so are the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita .

Table of Contents

Timeless Sanskrit Quotes

Here is a collection of Sanskrit quotes that are true gems of wisdom. We present you with an invaluable collection of timeless Sanskrit quotes, from the ocean of India’s philosophy, religious thought, and ancient culture.

These Sanskrit quotes in many ways represent the very spirit of India, its Dharma, and Karma. These quotes have stood the test of time across thousands of years, and are relevant even today, and shall be relevant in the future too.

Sanskrit Quotes | The Mahavakyas | Sanskrit Quotes In English

There can be no better way to start, than with the Four Mahavakyas or great sayings. The Mahavakyas are profound Sanskrit shlokas that embody the essence of the spiritual and religious thoughts of Hinduism, especially those of Advaita Vedanta. The Mahavakyas are found in the Upanishads .

The first Mahavakya with which we begin our list of Sanskrit quotes is taken from the Aitareya Upanishad, of the Rigveda.

1. प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म

Prajñānam Brahma

Knowledge is Brahma. This Mahavakya refers to the fact that Brahma is the knowledge of Brahma or the truth itself.

2. अयम् आत्मा ब्रह्म

Ayam Ātmā Brahma

This Mahavakya is from the Mandukya Upanishad of the Atharvaveda.

The Self is Brahma. This Mahavakya is the essence of the tenets of Advaita and says that the Self(Atma) is a part of Brahma or the consciousness is itself Brahma.

3. तत् त्वम् असि

That Thou Art.

This Mahavakya is found in the Chandogya Upanishad.

4. अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि

I am Brahma.

This Mahavakya is from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

Sanskrit Quotes On Yoga | Sanskrit Quotes On Karma | Sanskrit Quotes From The Bhagavad Gita

Here are some inspiring Sanskrit quotes from the Bhagavad Gita .

1. जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च। तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि॥ २-२७

Death is certain for the born, and re-birth is certain for the dead; therefore you should not feel grief for what is inevitable.

2. नैनं छिन्दन्ति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः। न चैनं क्लेदयन्त्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः॥ २-२३

Weapons do not cleave the soul, fire does not burn it, waters do not wet it, and the wind does not dry it.

3. हतो वा प्राप्स्यसि स्वर्गं जित्वा वा भोक्ष्यसे महीम्। तस्मादुत्तिष्ठ कौन्तेय युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः॥ २-३७

Die, and you will win heaven; conquer, and you will enjoy sovereignty of the earth; therefore, stand up Arjuna, determined to fight.

4. कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन। मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि॥ २-४७

To work alone you have the right, and not to the fruits. Do not be impelled by the fruits of work. Nor have an attachment to inaction.

5. बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते। तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम्॥ २-५०

Endowed with equanimity, one sheds in this life both good and evil. Therefore, strive for the practice of this Yoga of equanimity. Skill in action lies (in the practice of) this Yoga.

6. योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय। सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः समो भूत्वा समत्वं योग उच्यते॥ २-४८

By being established in Yoga, O Dhananjaya, undertake actions, casting off attachment and remaining equipoised in success and failure. Equanimity is called Yoga.

7. यदा संहरते चायं कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः। इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थेभ्यस्तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता॥ २-५८

One who is able to withdraw the senses from their objects, just as a tortoise withdraws its limbs into its shell, is established in divine wisdom.

8. विहाय कामान्यः सर्वान्पुमांश्चरति निःस्पृहः। निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः स शान्तिमधिगच्छति॥ २-७१

That man attains peace who, abandoning all desires, moves about without longing, without the sense of mine and without egoism.

9. यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र लोकोऽयं कर्मबन्धनः। तदर्थं कर्म कौन्तेय मुक्तसङ्गः समाचर॥ ३-९

Man is bound by his own action except when it is performed for the sake of sacrifice. Therefore, Arjuna, efficiently perform your duty, free from attachment, for the sake of sacrifice alone.

10. इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहुरिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः। मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः॥ ३-४२

The senses are superior to the gross body, and superior to the senses is the mind. Beyond the mind is the intellect, and even beyond the intellect is the soul.

Sanskrit Quotes | Sanskrit Quotes In English | Sanskrit Quotes And Shlokas From The Upanishads

1. असतो मा सद्गमय । तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय । मृत्योर्माऽमृतं गमय ॥ brihadaranyaka 1.3.28

Lead me from unreal to real, from darkness to light and from death to immortality.

2. उद्यानं ते पुरुष नावयानम् ।

Atharvaveda 7.1.6

O Man, may progress be yours not regress.

3. सत्यमेव जयते नानृतं सत्येन पन्था विततो देवयानः। येनाक्रमन्त्यृषयो ह्याप्तकामा यत्र तत्‌ सत्यस्य परमं निधानम्‌ ॥

Mandukya Upanishad 3.1.6

It is Truth that conquers and not falsehood; by Truth was stretched out the path of the journey of the gods, by which the sages winning their desire ascend there where Truth has its supreme abode.

4. मातृ देवो भव। पितृ देवो भव। आचार्य देवो भव। अतिथि देवो भव॥

Taittiriya Upanishad 1.11.2

Honour thy Mother as God. Honour thy Father as God. Honour thy Teacher as God. Honour thy Guest as God.

5. विद्यां चाविद्यां च यस्तद्वेदोभ्य सह । अविद्यया मृत्युं तीर्त्वाऽमृतमश्नुते ॥

Isa Upanishad

One who knows both, the material science as well as the spiritual science, transgresses fear of death by the former, i.e. by proper bodily and mental efforts, and attains salvation by the latter, i.e. by the purity of mind and soul.

6. द्वा सुपर्णा सयुजा सखाया समानं वृक्षं परिषस्वजाते । तयोरन्यः पिप्पलं स्वाद्वत्त्यनश्नन्नन्यो अभिचाकशीति ॥

Mandukya Upanishad 3.1.1

Two birds, inseparable companions, perch on the same tree, one eats the fruit, and the other looks on. The first bird is our individual self-feeding on the pleasures and pains of this world; The other is the universal Self, silently witnessing all.

We hope you like our selection of Sanskrit quotes, which are just a few of the pearls of wisdom, that we have curated for you, from the ocean of Hindu thought and philosophy. Subscribe to our blog for more such thought-provoking content, and also follow us on our social media handles.

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14 Inspiring Sanskrit Quotes To Reflect On

Here are a collection of Sanskrit quotes from the ancient scriptures of India to reflect on this World Sanskrit Day.

Here are a collection of Sanskrit quotes , thoughts, and Shlokas that are pure gems of wisdom. All of us know, that Sanskrit is considered to be the mother of all languages, the oldest language known to the world. Sanskrit as a language has its origins dating back to 1700-1200 BCE when Vedic Sanskrit is believed to have originated. Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, Upanishads and other ancient Hindu scriptures and epics .

Around 1000 BCE, Sanskrit slowly transitioned from being a primary language of communication to a language of learning and religion. Sanskrit is, without doubt, the key to a vast and unlimited treasure of wisdom that comes alive in various Sanskrit quotes, thoughts, and shlokas.

Table of Contents

Inspiring Sanskrit Quotes For All Occasions

Sanskrit is known for its symmetrical perfection. Around the year 500 BCE, the great Sanskrit grammarian Panini standardized Vedic Sanskrit and gave birth to what is termed as Classical Sanskrit. Here we take a look at some of the most inspiring Sanskrit quotes drawn from the Vedas , Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita .

Enlightening Sanskrit Quotes – The Mahavakyas

It is appropriate that we start with the Mahavakyas from the Upanishads which are shining pearls of wisdom. They are the epitome of brevity but carry the entire meaning of life and the cosmos within a few words. The Mahavakyas literally mean, “great sayings”, and they encapsulate within them the philosophy of Vedanta.

प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म

Prajñānam Brahma – It means, ” Knowledge is Brahma.” This Mahavakya is from the Aitareya Upanishad.

अयम् आत्मा ब्रह्म

Ayam Ātmā Brahma – It means, “This Self(Atman) is Brahma.” This Mahavakya is from the Mandukya Upanishad.

तत् त्वम् असि  

Tat Tvam Asi – It means, That Thou Art.”This Mahavakya is from the Chandogya Upanishad.

अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि

Aham Brahmāsmi – It means, “I am Brahma.” This Mahavakya is from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

Sanskrit Quotes From The Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita is a font of knowledge. The wisdom of the Gita is relevant even today and its 700 Shlokas embody the meaning of life and death and form the essence of Hindu philosophy.

कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन |मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि ||

karmaṇy-evādhikāras te mā phaleṣhu kadāchana mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo ’stvakarmaṇi

The meaning of this Shloka in English is that “One has a right only over the duties or work and not its fruits or results, one should not be attached to inaction either, not consider oneself as the one causing the results of the actions.

नैनं छिन्दन्ति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः।न चैनं क्लेदयन्त्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः॥

nainaṁ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṁ dahati pāvakaḥ na cainaṁ kledayanty āpo na śoṣayati mārutaḥ

The meaning of this Shloka from the Bhagavad Gita is, “the soul can never be cut by any weapon, nor burned by fire, nor moistened by water or withered by the wind.”

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत। अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥ परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् । धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥  

Yada yada hi dharmasya glanirbhavati bharata Abhythanamadharmasya tadatmanam srijamyaham Paritranaya sadhunang vinashay cha dushkritam Dharmasangsthapanarthay sambhabami yuge yuge

This is a famous Shloka from the Bhagavad Gita. Here is the meaning of this Shloka in English.

Whenever there is decay of righteousness, O Bharata, And there is exaltation of unrighteousness, then I Myself come forth ;

For the protection of the good, for the destruction of evil-doers, For the sake of firmly establishing righteousness, I am born from age to age.

पत्रं पुष्पं फलं तोयं यो मे भक्त्या प्रयच्छति।तदहं भक्त्युपहृतमश्नामि प्रयतात्मनः।

patraṁ puṣpaṁ phalaṁ toyaṁ yo me bhaktyā prayacchati tad ahaṁ bhakty-upahṛtam aśnāmi prayatātmanaḥ

Here is the meaning of the Shloka in English. Lord Krishna says, “If one offers Me with love and devotion a leaf, a flower, fruit, or water, I will accept it.”

उद्धरेदात्मनात्मानं नात्मानमवसादयेत् | आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मन: ||

uddharedaatmanaatmaanam naatmaanamavasaadayeth aatmaiva hyaatmano bandhuraatmaiva ripuraatmanah

The meaning of this Shloka is: Let a man raise himself by his own efforts. Let him not degrade himself. Because a person’s best friend or his worst enemy is none other than his own self.

Some More Sanskrit Quotes From The Upanishads

Here are some more famous Sanskrit Quotes from various Upanishads.

सत्यमेव जयते नानृतं सत्येन पन्था विततो देवयानः । येनाक्रमन्त्यृषयो ह्याप्तकामा यत्र तत् सत्यस्य परमं निधानम् ॥

satyameva jayate nānṛtaṃ satyena panthā vitato devayānaḥ yenākramantyṛṣayo hyāptakāmā yatra tat satyasya paramaṃ nidhānam

This is a famous Sanskrit Shloka from the Mundaka Upanishad. The first two words of this Shloka can be found in India’s national emblem, where the phrase, “सत्यमेव जयते”, appears.

The meaning of this Sanskrit Shloka in English is as under: “Truth alone triumphs; not falsehood. Through truth, the divine path is spread out by which the sages whose desires have been completely fulfilled, reach to where is that supreme treasure of Truth.”

मातृ देवो भव। पितृ देवो भव। आचार्य देवो भव। अतिथि देवो भव॥

Maathru Devo Bhava, Pithru Devo Bhava, Aacharya Devo Bhava, Athithi Devo Bhava. This is a Shloka from the Taittiriya Upanishad. The Shloka means, “honour your mother as God, honour your father as God, honour your teacher or Guru as God, and honour your guest as God.”

ॐ असतो मा सद्गमय । तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय । मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय । ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥

asato mā sadgamaya tamasomā jyotir gamaya mrityormāamritam gamaya Oṁ śhānti śhānti śhāntiḥ

This shloka is from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. It means, “Lead me from the unreal to the real, lead me from darkness to light, lead me from death to immortality.”

धर्मं चर। धर्मान्न प्रमदितव्यम्।

dharmaṃ cara। dharmānna pramaditavyam।

This Sanskrit quote or shloka is from the Taittiriya Upanishad. The meaning of this Shloka is, “Practice righteousness (Dharma). Do not swerve from righteousness (Dharma).”

विद्यां चाविद्यां च यस्तद्वेदोभ्य सह । अविद्यया मृत्युं तीर्त्वाऽमृतमश्नुते ॥

vidyāṃ cāvidyāṃ ca yastadvedobhya saha । avidyayā mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā’mṛtamaśnute ॥

This is a Shloka from the Isa Upanishad. It means, “One who knows both, the material science as well as the spiritual science, transgresses fear of death by the former, i.e. by proper bodily and mental efforts, and attains salvation by the latter, i.e. by the purity of mind and soul.”

These are some beautiful Sanskrit quotes from the ancient scriptures of India. Sanskrit as a language needs to get its due. It is an important part of the rich, intangible heritage of India. It is heartening to note that in an effort to promote awareness of Sanskrit, World Sanskrit Day or Vishva-samskrita-dinam ( विश्वसंस्कृतदिनम्), is celebrated on Shravan Purnima day, the Full Moon Day of the Shraavana month according to the Hindu Calendar. In the year 2021, August 22, 2021, is being celebrated as World Sanskrit Day .

We hope you like our collection of some of the most precious Sanskrit quotes drawn from the ancient scriptures of India. Do let us know your thoughts through our comments section.

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2 thoughts on “14 Inspiring Sanskrit Quotes To Reflect On”

Kindly help me to know that Shloka “Bagarthabi sampriktou—–” for my own research,. Get me the origin of the shloka and its transliteration and translation as well

Thank you for your interest and query, please find the answers that you were looking for and hope it helps. This shloka is the opening of Kalidasa’s Raghuvamsam, which is an epic of 1,564 shlokas or stanzas.This shloka is addressed to the deities Shiva and Parvati, asking for their blessings as Kalidasa begins the writing of the epic Raghuvamsa, which is about the ancestors of Shri Ram, the Raghu dynasty.

वागर्थाविव सम्प्रुक्तौ वागर्थप्रतिपत्तये जगतः पितरौ वन्दे पार्वतीपरमेश्वरौ |

Vagarthaviva sampriktau vagarthah pratipattaye | Jagatah pitarau vande parvathiparameshwarau || – Raghuvamsha 1.1

Literal Meaning as under:

I pray parents of the world, Lord Shiva and Mother Parvathi, who are inseparable as speech and its meaning to gain knowledge of speech and its meaning.

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• Sanskrit Grammar »
• Introduction

Seek Govinda , seek Govinda — seek Govinda, you fool! For when you've come to your final hour, not even grammar will save you. Bhaja Govindam 1

I can think of no better way to start our study together than with this quote, for at once it captures the importance, the esteem, and the danger of the Sanskrit language. Its importance is plain: Sanskrit was once the most influential literary language in India, and texts written in the language could be understood by millions of people throughout the South Asian world. These texts contain profound meditations on every point on the spectrum of human concern: existence, reality, God, love, duty, marriage, war, sex, death, violence, laughter, beauty, perception, nature, anatomy, urbanity, ritual, desire, food, purpose, meaning, and language, among hundreds of others. Moreover, Sanskrit texts are the repository of non-modern modes of thought, and they present distinct conceptions of the world that are often at odds with the understanding we have today. By learning how people used to think, we better understand both ourselves and the world we have inherited.

Given the immensity and reach of Sanskrit literature, it is no surprise that Sanskrit itself has found admirers. Over thousands of years, the people within the Sanskrit tradition — who learned the language not at home but in rigorous schools — praised the language and continually improved its status. What was once called merely "language" was later called "perfected speech," and even later the "language of the gods." The word "Sanskrit" itself is the most recent in a long line of names, and it is a name that the first Sanskrit speakers never used. The word has been translated in dozens of ways: "perfected," "perfectly made," "put together," or just "assembled." Ultimately, all of these meanings are part of the word "Sanskrit."

Sanskrit was dangerous, then, because anyone who studied it might see it as an end to understanding rather than a means to it. For this reason, the man who was later called by the name "Buddha" refused to let his disciples translate his words into Sanskrit, perhaps because he hoped his disciples would focus on his ideas instead of the language that contained them. But as Sanskrit grew in stature, reach, and utility, this concern was brushed aside. Ironically, some of the most popular Sanskrit texts today — religious and otherwise — were written by Buddhists.

The language that eventually became Sanskrit was once an everyday language used by all people in society. Later on, however, it became almost exclusive to male Brahmins , who rigorously preserved it as a sacred language. But in time, Sanskrit became so much more: a timeless and placeless language that yielded such profundity and exquisite beauty that even today, it lives with its treasures in the cultural conscience of South Asia and places beyond. Still, we must be careful to not oversimplify the dynamism and complexity of Sanskrit's use, development, and reputation. It is a subject that has filled book upon book, and no tidy summary can give a good sense of its complexity and vigor. At the least, you must always remember that Sanskrit was just one part of the complex South Asian world. Sanskrit quickly became the language of the male religious elite, and the voices of all other parts of this world disappeared almost without a trace. But if we want to look to the distant past and learn more about its traditions, Sanskrit is one of the surest guides we have.

By learning this language, you open the door to more than three thousand years of intellectual history, both in India and beyond. This is an ocean that no person can hope to cross; but let's set sail and see where Sanskrit will take us.

The origin of Sanskrit

This part of the introduction discusses modern efforts to determine Sanskrit's origins, including when and where it was first spoken. If you'd rather skip this sort of discussion, click here to skip further down the page.

If it is true that real people once spoke Sanskrit natively, then we must ask: how and when did Sanskrit first appear? We are not sure, and it is impossible to know. However, there are some very good theories. The most popular of them arose when Western scholars started to study Sanskrit. These scholars had a significant advantage that Indian scholars did not: they had studied Greek and Latin , which are both deeply similar to Sanskrit. Take a look at some of the words that all three languages share, and compare them to their English equivalents as well:

The similarities among the three languages were so strong and so undeniable that these scholars made a great conclusion: all three languages were not just similar but related . Inspired by this realization, the English scholar William Jones said this about Sanskrit:

The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity , both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source , which, perhaps, no longer exists; … Sir William Jones, in a speech delivered to the Asiatic Society in February 1786 (emphasis added)

This quote is well-known, and for good reason: it marks the beginning of a fantastic period of scholarship into the history and origin of these languages. Scholars of these languages, which are collectively called the "Indo-European languages," wanted to answer one question above all others: where did these languages come from?

A proposed map of the migration of PIE. India is in the lower-right corner. From columbia.edu , originally from uni-duesseldorf.de .

India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only. Mark Twain

At first, it was thought that Sanskrit was the origin of both Greek and Latin. Many people started to think that Sanskrit was the origin of all of the world's languages. Today, we can say that this is probably not the case. Other related languages have features that Sanskrit lacks, and these features explain some of Sanskrit's odd rules as an evolution from an older language.

It quickly became clear that Sanskrit — along with languages like Latin and Greek — likely descended from a single language that was different from all three of them. We don't know what this language might have been called. Today, most people call it Proto-Indo-European , or PIE for short. We also don't know when this language might have existed; but, it was likely used some time before 3000 BC. PIE is hypothetical, and no record of it remains; but over the years, our picture of the language has become clearer, and now we have a fairly good understaning of what it must have been like. Although we can never be sure of this picture, there is a substantial body of evidence to support it.

Scholars have proposed many places of origin for PIE. At first, one of the more popular theories was the Out of India theory. Over time, however, most scholars have concluded that PIE likely came from the Eurasian steppe near modern-day Turkey. Again, we can never be sure that this is where the Indo-European languages came from. Many other places of origin have been proposed, and the evidence available is not always strong. But, the current consensus is that PIE came from the Eurasian steppe.

The Dravidian languages. Note the spots in the northwest and northeast. From these, we can conclude that Dravidian languages were once spoken across all of India.

Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of sectarianism. It is of all ages, climbs, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I read it, I feel that I am under the spangled heavens of a summer night. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Wherever PIE came from, it started to spread into Europe and Asia, and as it spread, it started to change. The part of the language that spread south toward India and the Middle East is called Proto-Indo-Iranian , and this part split into both the Iranian language family and the Indo-Aryan language family.

We don't know what the original Indo-Aryan language was like when it came into India, but it started to interact with other languages that were already present there. These other languages include the Dravidian languages , the ancestors of Tamil and Kannada. From these other languages, the Indo-Aryan language gained some words and features that are found in no other Indo-European language. Sanskrit is the result of this interaction.

The history of Sanskrit

What is important to bear in mind, however, is that [Sanskrit] never fully became — and almost certainly never had been — a code of everyday usage. It was never the language of the nursery, the bedroom, or the field, although since Sanskrit poets experienced childhood, love, and (no doubt some of them) labor, they learned to speak of these things, too, after their fashion, in Sanskrit. Sheldon Pollock, "Sanskrit Literary Culture From the Inside Out" (emphasis added)

In the strictest sense of the term, Sanskrit refers to a later "preserved" form of the language of the Vedas , a set of ancient compositions among the oldest known in any Indo-European language. The older form of the language, variously called either Vedic Sanskrit or just Vedic , was likely the native language of its users. But from the Vedas onward, the language started to lose many of its features. Then, around the 5th century BC, a grammarian known as Panini (pronounced " paa -ni-nee" in English) essentially "froze" the language, transforming it from the fluid native language of the ancient Indians to an unchanging and timeless language for intellectual expression, both in India and in the whole of South and Southeast Asia. Near this time, the last native speakers of Sanskrit had probably already died.

Panini's work marks the beginning of "normal" Sanskrit, which is sometimes called Classical Sanskrit for clarification. This is the form of Sanskrit that we will study in this guide. Although Panini's work defines Sanskrit grammar, it will not be discussed in this guide. Panini's method is compact, but it is only useful if you have the time to memorize thousands of grammatical rules. Somewhat ironically, it also requires you to know a substantial bit of Sanskrit beforehand.

"What will I learn?"

Right now, you may know nothing about Sanskrit, or you may have no experience with a second language — and that is OK! We will start small, from the most basic of definitions. From there, we will slowly spool our understanding of grammar until we know enough to read simple passages. We will read selections from all parts of Sanskrit literature: epic poetry like the Bhagavad Gita, lyric poetry like the works of Kalidasa, prose works like the Upanishads, hymns from parts of the Vedas, and much more.

This guide is here to help you take this millennia-old "language of the gods" by the horns, so that it might lead you wherever you want to go. Good luck! (Please use the contact page if you have any problems, questions, or comments. All messages are read and are greatly appreciated.)

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About Sanskrit

• Evolution of Sanskrit
• History of Literature
• Adikavi Valmiki
• Maharishi Veda Vyasa
• Adi Shankaracharya
• Children’s Fables
• Sanskrit Drama
• Sanskrit Poetry
• Brahmana Granthas
• Vedangas ans Sutra Literature
• Sanskrit and Other Classical Languages
• Sanskrit and Modern Indian Languages
• Sanskrit and the Sciences
• Mathematics
• Architecture And Engineering
• Sanskrit and Metaphysical Subjects
• Sanskrit and Humanities
• Political Economy
• Law (Dharamashastra)
• Sanskrit and Religion
• Sanskrit and the Arts
• Sanskrit hymns and Subhashitas
• Great Personalities
• Subhashitani
• Absance of tragedy – Sanskrit drama never has a sad ending. It is a mixed composition, in which joy is mingled with sorrow. Love is the main theme of most of the dramas and vidushak is the constant companion of the hero in his love affairs.
• The interchange of lyrical stanzas with prose dialogue.
• The use of Sanskrit and prakrit languages. Sanskrit is employed by the heroes, kings, Brahmanas and men of high rank, Prakrit by all women and men of the lower classes.
• Every Sanskrit play begins with a prologue or introduction, which opens with a prayer – nandi and ends with Bharata – vakya.
• Aryabhatiyam of Aryabhata also called the Arya siddhanta, consist of four parts – the Dashagitika sutra, Ganita Pada, Kalkriyapada and Golapada. The first and second part are related to Mathematics. The Third part, in 25 verses contains the basic principals of astronomical time – calculations. The fourth part, in 50 verses deals with the celestial sphere.
• Arya Siddhanta of Aryabhata IInd, is a voluminous work on astronomy.
• Brahma-sphuta-siddhant of Brahmagupta, treats the astronomy more elaborately and more methodically.
• Siddhantshiromani of Bhaskaracharya is divided into four parts – Lilavati, the Bijganita, the Grahaganitadhyaya and the Goladhyaya. Goladhyaya contains a section, in which difficult austronomico – mathematical problems are posed and solved. It also deals with astronomical instruments and description of the seasons.
• Rajmriganka of Bhoja
• Bhasvati of Shatananda
• Grahalaghava or the siddhantrahasya of Ganesha
• Siddhantatattva viveka of Kamalakara
• Karanapaddhati of Nilakantha somayaji.
• The Rasaratnakara Author: Nagarjun —8th century A.D.
• The Rasarajamriganka Author: Bhoja —11th century A.D.
• The Rasendracudamani Author: Somadeva —12th century A.D.
• The Rasaprakasa-sudhakara Author: Yasodhara —13th century A.D.
• The Rasasara Author: Govindacarya —14th century A.D.
• The Rasarajalaksmi Author: Vishnudeva —14th century A.D.
• The Sharngadharasamhita Author: Sharngadhara —14th century A.D.
• The Rasendrasarasangraha Author: Gopalakrishna —14th Century A.D.
• The Arkaprakasha by Ravana; Arka is the Sanskritized form of the Persian word arrak meaning tincture. Distillation of liquor is mentioned in the Sanskrit work called Madirarnava.
• Sutrasthan, that in general describes means of healing, diet, duities of a physician etc.
• Nidansthan, on the eight principal ailments
• Vimansthan, on tastes, food, general pathology, and medical stadium
• Sharirsthana, on anatomy and embryology
• Indriyasthan, on diagnosis and prognosis
• Chikitsasthan, on special therapy
• Siddhant sthan, on general therapy.
• Fredric Rozane, was a German Scholar, who edited and translated some parts of the Rigveda into German in 1830.
• S.A. Longlois, of France, translated the whole text of the Rigveda into French, which was published in Paris, during 1848-51.
• Friedrich Max Muller (1823-1900) lived in England, sacrificed his own life in the study of the Vedas, and edited the whole Rigveda with its Sayanabhashya that was published by East-India Company. He published his "Vedic Hymns" on famous Suktas of the Rigveda, under the Sacred Books of the East.
• Theodar Benfey (1909-81), translated 130 Suktas of Ist Mandala of the Rigveda into German. He also translated the whole text of the Kauthuma Shakha in German that was published with illustrations and lexicons in the year 1848.
• Hermann Grassman (1809-77), was a German Scholar, who made a poetic translation of the Rigveda and a Lexicon of the Rigveda in German titled, Worterbruchzum Rgveda.
• Alfred Ludwig (1832-1911), belonged to Germany, was a Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Prague. He prepared the German translation of the Rigveda, titled Der Rigveda with 230 important Suktas of the Atharvaveda translated into Germany.
• Harace Hymen Wilson of 19th Century A.D. belonged to England and lived in India for a long time. He edited and translated the text of the Rigveda with the Sayana Bhashya into English.
• R.T.H. Griffith 1828-1906, was the first and the last after H. H. Wilson, who translated the whole text of the Rigveda into English. He has also published his poetic translation of the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda.
• A.Weber 1805-1901, was very famous among those who contributed to Vedic literature. He was a French Missionary. He translated the Shukla Yajurveda Samhita\'s Ninth and Tenth Chapters into Latin and its 16th chapter into German. He also translated the Atharvaveda into German, published under the title Indische Studien.
• A.B. Keith, was the student of McDonnell, who translated the Taittiriya Samhita into English, that was published under the Harward Oriental Series in 1914 in America.

Automatic Speech Recognition in Sanskrit: A New Speech Corpus and Modelling Insights

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) in Sanskrit is interesting, owing to the various linguistic peculiarities present in the language. The Sanskrit language is lexically productive, undergoes euphonic assimilation of phones at the word boundaries and exhibits variations in spelling conventions and in pronunciations. In this work, we propose the first large scale study of automatic speech recognition (ASR) in Sanskrit, with an emphasis on the impact of unit selection in Sanskrit ASR. In this work, we release a 78 hour ASR dataset for Sanskrit, which faithfully captures several of the linguistic characteristics expressed by the language. We investigate the role of different acoustic model and language model units in ASR systems for Sanskrit. We also propose a new modelling unit, inspired by the syllable level unit selection, that captures character sequences from one vowel in the word to the next vowel. We also highlight the importance of choosing graphemic representations for Sanskrit and show the impact of this choice on word error rates (WER). Finally, we extend these insights from Sanskrit ASR for building ASR systems in two other Indic languages, Gujarati and Telugu. For both these languages, our experimental results show that the use of phonetic based graphemic representations in ASR results in performance improvements as compared to ASR systems that use native scripts.

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Rishabh Kumar

Amrith Krishna

Preethi Jyothi

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Pawan Goyal

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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Audio and Speech Processing

Title: automatic speech recognition in sanskrit: a new speech corpus and modelling insights.

Abstract: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) in Sanskrit is interesting, owing to the various linguistic peculiarities present in the language. The Sanskrit language is lexically productive, undergoes euphonic assimilation of phones at the word boundaries and exhibits variations in spelling conventions and in pronunciations. In this work, we propose the first large scale study of automatic speech recognition (ASR) in Sanskrit, with an emphasis on the impact of unit selection in Sanskrit ASR. In this work, we release a 78 hour ASR dataset for Sanskrit, which faithfully captures several of the linguistic characteristics expressed by the language. We investigate the role of different acoustic model and language model units in ASR systems for Sanskrit. We also propose a new modelling unit, inspired by the syllable level unit selection, that captures character sequences from one vowel in the word to the next vowel. We also highlight the importance of choosing graphemic representations for Sanskrit and show the impact of this choice on word error rates (WER). Finally, we extend these insights from Sanskrit ASR for building ASR systems in two other Indic languages, Gujarati and Telugu. For both these languages, our experimental results show that the use of phonetic based graphemic representations in ASR results in performance improvements as compared to ASR systems that use native scripts.

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An efficient part-of-speech tagger rule-based approach of Sanskrit language analysis

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• Published: 11 January 2024
• Volume 16 , pages 901–908, ( 2024 )

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• Namrata Tapaswi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-2029 1  

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The versatility and depth of Sanskrit have led to its designation as a universal syntax. The significance of grammar in language translation cannot be exaggerated. Grammar pertains to the structural arrangement of a sentence. It consists of regulations and guidelines. POS tagging is the process of assigning the appropriate part of speech to each word in a phrase. Additionally, it associates with adjacent and comparable words inside a phrase or sentence. The process of morphology involves the separation of phrases and does not determine the correct meaning. Parts of Speech Tagging (POST) consider word sequences to ascertain the accurate interpretation of a word inside a given sentence. Russian, English, and Japanese, in contrast to Indian languages, have developed efficient POST for processing. POS tagging is primarily performed using rule-based, stochastic, and transformation-based methods. The paper will concentrate on the examination of the structure and meaning of Sanskrit sentences. This paper utilizes Lex and Yacc to create a part-of-speech rule-based tagger for Sanskrit. The tagger employs a concise collection of elementary principles to produce sequences of tokens, along with a limited lexicon or vocabulary to identify potential tags for each word. The database maintains a record of these regulations. The system automatically analyzes the provided sentence and assigns the appropriate tags to each word.

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Tapaswi, N. An efficient part-of-speech tagger rule-based approach of Sanskrit language analysis. Int. j. inf. tecnol. 16 , 901–908 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01668-y

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Received : 11 August 2023

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01668-y

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A simple python library for converting Sanskrit Text-to-Speech (TTS). The supported TTS engines are:

• Google Cloud TTS
• Bhashini AI TTS

Both of these API options require authentication, in the form of Google cloud credentials, or Bhashini API key. The developers of Bhashini have generously provided an API key for non-commercial, limited usage of the API for creating audio of Sanskrit texts. This can be used via the bhashini proxy (see Usage below). Please note that the Bhashini proxy (the default option) should not be used for other purposes.

Installation

This package uses pydub for managing audio data, which in turn requires ffmpeg or libav . Please check the details (here)[ https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub#dependencies ].

This package should work with any version of python >= 3.8.

To install from the master branch of the git repo:

For an editable installation (to modify the code and experiment)

All TTS classes expose the same interface, so that switching should be fairly easy.

Default - Bhashini proxy with embedded API key

Bhashini api with key, google cloud.

Requires credentials, e.g. from a (service account)[ https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-managing-service-accounts ].

How it works

Both Google Cloud TTS and Bhashini Text-to-Speech do not support Sanskrit yet. As a workaround, this library uses other languages for speech to text conversion. Kannada is used by default for this workaround. Any other language/voice supported by the corresponding TTS API can be used by changing the appropriate parameters while instantiating the TTS class, and the results will vary. A complete list of voices supported by Google Cloud TTS is available here . For Bhashini, please check the (demo)[ https://tts.bhashini.ai/demo/ ].

Contributors 2

• Python 100.0%

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Speech Emotion Recognition of Sanskrit Language using Machine Learning

2018, International Journal of Computer Applications

Related Papers

Khushbu Morjani

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a current research topic in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) with wide range of applications. The purpose of speech emotion recognition system is to automatically classify speaker's utterances into four emotional states such as anger, sadness, neutral, and happiness. The speech samples are from Berlin emotional database and the features extracted from these utterances are energy, pitch, ZCC, entropy, Mel Frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC). The K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is used as a classifier to classify different emotional states. The system gives 86.02% classification accuracy for using energy, entropy, MFCC, ZCC, pitch Features. KeywordsSpeech Emotion; Automatic Emotion Recognition; KNN; Energy; Pitch; MFCC; ZCC.

Ahmet Ertugrul

In machine interaction with human being is yet challenging task that machine should be able to identify and react to human non-verbal communication such as emotions which makes the human computer interaction become more natural. In present research area automatic emotion recognition using speech is an essential task which paid close attention. Speech signal is a rich source of information and it is an attractive and efficient medium due to its numerous features of expressing approach & extracting emotions through speech is possible. In this paper emotions is recognized through speech using spectral features such as Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient prosodic features like pitch , energy and were utilized & study is carried out using K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers , Support Vector Machine Classifier and Gaussian mixture model classifier which is used for detection of six basic emotional states of speaker's such as anger ,happiness , sadness , fear , disgust and neutral using Berlin emotional speech database.

This paper gives a comparison of two extracted features namely pitch and formants for emotion recognition from speech. The research shows that various features namely prosodic and spectral have been used for emotion recognition from speech. The database used for recognition purpose was developed on Marathi language using 100 speakers. We have extracted features pitch and formants. Angry, stress, admiration, teasing and shocking have been recognized on the basis of features energy and formants. The classification technique used here is K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The result for formants was about 100% which is comparatively better than that of energy which was 80% of accuracy.

IOSR Journals

In machine interaction with human being is yet challenging task that machine should be able to identify and react to human non-verbal communication such as emotions which makes the human computer interaction become more natural. In present research area automatic emotion recognition using speech is an essential task which paid close attention. Speech signal is a rich source of information and it is an attractive and efficient medium due to its numerous features of expressing approach & extracting emotions through speech is possible. In this paper emotions is recognized through speech using spectral features such as Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient prosodic features like pitch , energy and were utilized & study is carried out using K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers and Gaussian mixture model classifier which is used for detection of six basic emotional states of speaker's such as anger ,happiness , sadness , fear , disgust and neutral using Berlin emotional speech database.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology IJSRST , Umar R. Yetoo

Emotion is a natural feeling which is distinguished from reasoning or knowledge, it is a strong feeling derived from one’s circumstance or surroundings. With the increase in man to machine interaction, speech analysis has become an integral part in reducing the gap between physical and digital world. An important sub field within this domain is the recognition of emotion in speech signals, which was traditionally studied in linguistics and psychology. Speech emotion recognition is a field having diverse applications. When implemented the Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) will be able to understand different human emotion such as anger, fear, happiness, sadness etc. Speech is a medium of expression of one’s perspective or feelings to other. Emotion recognition from audio signal requires feature extraction and classifier training. The feature vector consists of elements of the audio signal which characterize speaker specific features such as tone, pitch, energy, which is crucial to train the classifier model to recognize a particular emotion accurately. Thus, with the help of SER we can make conversations between human and computer more realistic and natural. Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a current research topic in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) with wide range of applications. The speech features such as, Mel Frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and Mel Energy Spectrum Dynamic Coefficients (MEDC) are extracted from speech utterance. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as classifier to classify different emotional states such as anger, happiness, sadness, neutral, fear, from Berlin emotional database.

International Journal of Information Technology

Dr. Shweta Bansal

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

In the last couple of years emotion recognition has proven its significance in the area of artificial intelligence and man machine communication. Emotion recognition can be done using speech and image (facial expression), this paper deals with SER (speech emotion recognition) only. For emotion recognition emotional speech database is essential. In this paper we have proposed emotional database which is developed in Gujarati language, one of the official's language of India. The proposed speech corpus bifurcate six emotional states as: sadness, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, happiness. To observe effect of different emotions, analysis of proposed Gujarati speech database is carried out using efficient speech parameters like pitch, energy and MFCC using MATLAB Software.

Editor IJRET

Speech processing is the study of speech signals, and the methods used to process them. In application such as speech coding, speech synthesis, speech recognition and speaker recognition technology, speech processing is employed. In speech classification, the computation of prosody effects from speech signals plays a major role. In emotional speech signals pitch and frequency is a most important parameters. Normally, the pitch value of sad and happy speech signals has a great difference and the frequency value of happy is higher than sad speech. But, in some cases the frequency of happy speech is nearly similar to sad speech or frequency of sad speech is similar to happy speech. In such situation, it is difficult to recognize the exact speech signal. To reduce such drawbacks, in this paper we propose a Telugu speech emotion classification system with three features like Energy Entropy, Short Time Energy, Zero Crossing Rate and K-NN classifier for the classification. Features are extracted from the speech signals and given to the K-NN. The implementation result shows the effectiveness of proposed speech emotion classification system in classifying the Telugu speech signals based on their prosody effects. The performance of the proposed speech emotion classification system is evaluated by conducting cross validation on the Telugu speech database

This paper deals with a novel approach towards Automatic Emotion Classification from human utterances. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for feature extraction from speech signals. Malayalam (One of the south Indian languages) is used for the experiment. We have used an elicited dataset of 500 utterances recorded from 10 male and 8 female speakers. Using Artificial Neural Network we have classified the four emotional classes such as neutral, happy, sad and anger correctly. A classification accuracy of 70% is obtained from this work

Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi / Marife Turkish Journal of Religious Studies

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Essay on Sanskrit Language

This is an "Essay on Sanskrit language", written in Sanskrit.

संस्कृतभाषा इति विषये संस्कृते निबन्धः।

संस्कृत भाषा पर निबंध।

English and Hindi translation is also given for better understanding.

This essay can be referenced by school students and Sanskrit learners.

Table of Contents

संस्कृतभाषा।

संस्कृतभाषा मम प्रिया भाषा अस्ति। संस्कृतभाषा विश्वस्य प्राचीनतमा भाषा अस्ति। सर्वभाषासु सा श्रेष्ठतमा। संस्कृतभाषा देवभाषा इति मन्यते। सा गीर्वाणवाणी इति नाम्ना अपि प्रसिद्धा। सा सर्वभाषाणां जननी। सा अतीव सरला सरसा सुबोधा च​।

संस्कृतभाषायां विपुलं साहित्यं वर्तते। शास्त्रीयाः ग्रन्थाः अपि तस्यां विद्यन्ते। यथा – वेदाः, रामायणं, महाभारतं, पुराणानि, अर्थशास्त्रं, मनुस्मृतिः आदिशास्त्राणि च​। बहवः कवयः संस्कृते नैकाः रचनाः अरचन्। संस्कृतभाषा भारतदेशस्य ऐक्यं साधयति। सर्वेषु प्रदेशेषु जनाः संस्कृतभाषां सम्मानयन्ति।

एषा भाषा सङ्गणकेभ्यः उपयुक्ता इति शास्त्रज्ञाः मन्यन्ते। अस्याः गौरवं विदेशेषु अपि अस्ति। “जर्मनी” इति देशे अपि अस्याः अतीव प्रभावः। संस्कृतभाषायाः सूक्तयः अस्माकं जीवने मार्गदर्शनं कुर्वन्ति। संस्कृतभाषा जीवनस्य संस्कारेषु प्रयुज्यते।

भारतीयसंस्कृतेः मुख्यः आधारः संस्कृतभाषा अस्ति।

संस्कृतं विना नैव संस्कृतिः। जयतु संस्कृतम्।

saṃskṛtabhāṣā।

saṃskṛtabhāṣā mama priyā bhāṣā asti। saṃskṛtabhāṣā viśvasya prācīnatamā bhāṣā asti। sarvabhāṣāsu sā śreṣṭhatamā। saṃskṛtabhāṣā devabhāṣā iti manyate। sā gīrvāṇavāṇī iti nāmnā api prasiddhā। sā sarvabhāṣāṇāṃ jananī। sā atīva saralā sarasā subodhā ca​।

saṃskṛtabhāṣāyāṃ vipulaṃ sāhityaṃ vartate। śāstrīyāḥ granthāḥ api tasyāṃ vidyante। yathā – vedāḥ, rāmāyaṇaṃ, mahābhārataṃ, purāṇāni, arthaśāstraṃ, manusmṛtiḥ ādiśāstrāṇi ca​। bahavaḥ kavayaḥ saṃskṛte naikāḥ racanāḥ aracan। saṃskṛtabhāṣā bhāratadeśasya aikyaṃ sādhayati। sarveṣu pradeśeṣu janāḥ saṃskṛtabhāṣāṃ sammānayanti।

eṣā bhāṣā saṅgaṇakebhyaḥ upayuktā iti śāstrajñāḥ manyante। asyāḥ gauravaṃ videśeṣu api asti। “jarmanī” iti deśe api asyāḥ atīva prabhāvaḥ। saṃskṛtabhāṣāyāḥ sūktayaḥ asmākaṃ jīvane mārgadarśanaṃ kurvanti। saṃskṛtabhāṣā jīvanasya saṃskāreṣu prayujyate।

bhāratīyasaṃskṛteḥ mukhyaḥ ādhāraḥ saṃskṛtabhāṣā asti।

saṃskṛtaṃ vinā naiva saṃskṛtiḥ। jayatu saṃskṛtam।

The Sanskrit language is my favourite language. It is the oldest language in the world. It is the greatest of all languages. Sanskrit is believed to be the language of the Gods. It is also known by the name of “Girvanavani”. It is the mother of all languages. It is very simple, easy to understand, and beautiful.

There is plenty of literature in Sanskrit. Sanskrit has many scriptures. Like – The Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata. the Puranas, the Arthashatra, the Manusmriti, etc. Many poets have written their works in Sanskrit. The unity of India is maintained by this language. Sanskrit is respected by people from all Indian states.

Scientists believe that this language is suitable for computers. This language is respected in foreign countries too. It has importance in Germany too. The axioms and proverbs in Sanskrit give us guidance on how to live our life. Sanskrit is used in all religious events.

Sanskrit is the main support of Indian culture.

Without Sanskrit, there is no culture. Greatness to Sanskrit.

संस्कृतभाषा मेरी प्रिय भाषा है। संस्कृतभाषा विश्व की सबसी प्राचीन भाषा है। वह सभी भाषाओं में श्रेष्ठ है। संस्कृतभाषा देवभाषा मानी जाती है।

वह “गीर्वाणवाणी” इस नाम से भी प्रसिद्ध है। वह सारी भाषाओं की जननी है। वह बहुत सरल​, सरस और सुबोध है।

संस्कृतभाषा में बहुत साहित्य है। शास्त्रीय ग्रंथ भी इस भाषा में लिखे ग​‍ए हैं। जैसे – वेद, रामायण, महाभारत, पुराण, अर्थशास्त्र, मनुस्मृति, इत्यादि ग्रंथ। बहुत कवियों ने संस्कृतभाषा में अनेक रचनाएँ की है। संस्कृतभाषा से भारतदेश का ऐक्य साध्य होता है।सर्व प्रदेशों में लोग संस्कृतभाषा का सम्मान करते हैं।

यह भाषा संगणक के लिए उपयुक्त है, ऐसा शास्त्रज्ञ मानते हैं। विदेशों में भी इस भाषा का गौरव किया जाता है। जर्मनी देश में भी इसका बहुत प्रभाव है। संस्कृत भाषा की सूक्तियाँ हमारे जीवन में मार्गदर्शन करती हैं। संस्कृतभाषा का जीवन के संस्कारों में प्रयोग किया जाता है।

भारतीय संस्कृति का संस्कृतभाषा मुख्य आधार है।

संस्कृत के बिना संस्कृति नहीं है। संस्कृतभाषा की जय हो।

Importance of Machines

Importance of Art

Republic Day of India

Examination

Pandita Ramabai

Teachers Day

The Experience of Covid

Essay on Ganeshotsav

Importance of Indian Festivals

Importance of Discipline

Importance of Sports

Nutritious Diet

Books My Friend

Mahatma Gandhi

Lokmanya Tilak

Importance of Knowledge

Makar Sankranti

Indian National Flag

Importance of Cleanliness

Importance of Exercise

Importance of Water

Summer Season

Rainy Season

My favourite Teacher

Indian Independence Day

Raksha Bandhan

International Yoga Day

World Environment Day

River Ganga

Abdul Kalam

Goddess Saraswati

Festival of Holi

Shri Krishna

Shri Ganesha

Other Interesting Sections

Learn about Sanskrit Axioms which is a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

Learn about Sanskrit Proverbs which are a short, well-known saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.

Learn about Shloka or shlokas in Sanskrit which consists of four padas of 8 syllables each, or of two half-verses of 16 syllables each.

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