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Sericulture

Jul 09, 2014

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Sericulture. Sericulture.

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• poor leaf quality
• raising mulberry tree plantation
• plant production
• poor rearing
• hybrid silkworm seed
• silkworm hybrid

Presentation Transcript

Sericulture Sericulture industry in Jammu & Kashmir State is of very old origin. The department of sericulture was created in the year 1889 under the monopolistic control of government to promote silk industry in the state. In this regard a very good infrastructure including mulberry nurseries, silkworm seed stations and silk reeling/weaving factories were established. Due to these efforts Jammu and Kashmir became one of the leading silk producing states. During those days sericulture was the only cash crop available to the farmers. By 1940, about 52000 families were engaged in this activity and the production of cocoon was as high as 15.00 lackgs. Silk yarn apart from its use as a textile fibre, was being utilized as material for parachutes. Department of Sericulture functions under the control of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of Jammu and Kashmir

VISION Transform Sericulture and Silk Industry into a truly viable, profitable and sustainable enterprise MISSION Achieve green cocoon production of 1750 MT and Raw Silk Production of 270 MT at the end of 12th plan (2012-17) and 18000 MT & 2400 MT at the end of 15th plan (2027-31) with value addition and coupled with more and more employment generation.

ROAD MAP TO ACHIEVE TARGET OF 1750 MT OF COCOON PRODUCTION AT THE END OF 12th PLAN &12000 MT AT THE END OF 15th PLAN This will be achieved by vertical and horizontal expansion of Sericulture in the State.

SCHEMES UNDER IMPLEMENTION • Support for Raising Mulberry Tree Plantation in Cluster Form • Cluster development of Mulberry Plantation/Departmental Land • Supply of Rearing Appliance • Assistance for construction of Rearing Houses • Health Insurance Scheme for Women • Establishment of Hot Air Dryers. • Establishment of Reeling units • Incentive on Silk Yarn. • Establishment of Cocoon Bank • Establishment of Silk Exchange • Corpus funds for market intervention

SERICULTURE IN J&K • Ideal climatic conditions for quality Bivoltine cocoon production. • Sericulture a traditional practice. Rearing, reeling and weaving have been a tradition since ages • Availability of basic infrastructure with the state sericulture department. • Low level of industrialization- availability of farm/family labor • Increasing market demand for quality silk

Weakness • Silkworm rearing a part time occupation- only a single crop is raised • Poor quality of mulberry leaf, as leaf is harvested from scattered unmaintained mulberry trees • Poor infrastructure/inadequate rearing space with farmers • Huge yield gaps between lab and land • Knowledge deficit among farmers and weak extension • Lack of proper training among the basic extension workers • Lack of proper marketing of cocoons • Lack of good post cocoon sector- production of low grade silk from good quality silk cocoons • Incomplete value addition - inadequate backward and forward linkages • Non-involvement of Private Sector especially in mulberry sapling and silkworm seed production.

Present Status of Sericulture in the State

ACHIEVEMENTS-SERICULTURE

CONSTRAINTS • Leaf shortage • Low survival of mulberry saplings in field • Poor leaf quality • Lack of chawki gardens • Shortage of rearing houses • Poor rearing conditions • Non-availability of CRCs • Lack of training among farmers • Low returns from sericulture • Low land holding • Poor Quality of human resource • Lack of sound post-cocoon sector

FUTURE STRATGIES • Quality leaf production: • Rearing infrastructure: • Training for farmers • Mass disinfection drive: • Quality seed supply: • Silkworm hybrid for second rearing • Silkworm brushing calendar • Chawki rearing • Establishment of Chawki gardens • Disease monitoring and management: • Crop monitoring and marketing: • Model silk villages/clusters • Sound post cocoon sector • Mounting and seriposition • Skill development programs • Outsource major activities of DOS such as mulberry sapling production and silkworm seed production

Action plan for bivoltine cocoon /raw silk production for XII plan

Action plan for bivoltine cocoon /raw silk production for next 20 years

Year wise action plan for additional production of mulberry plants 12th Plan

Action plan for additional production of of mulberry saplings during next 20 years

Year wise proposed distribution of mulberry plants among farmers/departmental farms

Plan wise action plan for additional distribution of mulberry plants among farmers/departmental farms for plantation

SOME TIPS FOR MULBERRY SAPLINGS PRODUCTION Dept does have sufficient land to produce mulberry saplings while production cost is high. Establishment of Kisan nurseries in private sector is the option. Initially Dept can purchase saplings from Kisan Nurseries and supply to farmers Dept can also lease some land to SHGs for production of mulberry saplings, purchase and supply to farmers Dept can provide infrastructure and technology support to Kisan Nurseries or SHGs to produce quality mulberry saplings

ESTABLISHMENT OF KISSAN NURSERIES/OUSOURCING OF PLANT PRODUCTION. Land Holding 2 KANAL Cost for establishment of Poly House: (One time Investment)50,000 Plant Production per year: 3000 Production cost for 2 years @Rs 12/Plant: 36000 Returns on sale of 3000 Plants@Rs25/Plant: 75,000 Net earning from 1 Kanal of land (2yrs) on rotation basis : 39000

LAND holding - 4 KANAL • Cost for Establishment of poly house: Rs 100,000 (One time Investment) • Plant Production per year: Rs 6000 • Production cost for 2 years @Rs 12/Plant: Rs 72000 • Returns after sale of 3000 Plants @Rs25/Plant: Rs 150,000 • Net earning from 2 Kanal of land: Rs 78,000

Year wise action plan for production of silkworm seed

Plan wise action plan for production of silkworm seed

SUGESSIONS TO OUTSOURCE SILKWOM SEED PRODUCTION AND CHAWKIE REARING Dept does not have enough manpower and infrastructure to produce silkworm seed as per the estimated demand The production cost is already high as compared to private sector Dept must outsource silkworm seed production and provide infrastructure and technology support to private entrepreneurs for seed production with check on quality standards Similarly CRCs can be established in private sector for supply of chawki worms to farmers All these initiatives will reduce burden on Govt and will bring in efficiency in the system and will make sericulture a self sustaining enterprise

(Rs lac) • Construction of Seed House : 3.00 • Equipment : 1.00 • PRODUCTION COST for 800 oz(Rs 300/oz) 2.40 • Procurement of 400 kg of seed cocoons for production of 800 oz of hybrid silkworm seed 1.00 • Labor for production of 800 oz of seed @ 1.0 M.D./oz 1.20 • Disinfectants /waste paper/craft paper etc 0.20 • Sale of 1 oz of Hybrid silkworm seed 0.00 45 • Net earnings from 800 oz of Seed 1.20 • (@Rs 150/-oz.) • ONE TIME INVESTMANT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF SEED HOUSE IN PRIVATE SECTOR : 4.00

Year wise action plan for setting-up of additional incubation cum chawki rearing centres

Plan wise action plan for setting-up of incubation cum chawki rearing centres

ESTABLISHMENT OF CRC’S IN PRIVATE SECTOR • ONE TIME INVESTMANT = Rs 4.15 Lac • Construction of Chawki Rearing House = Rs 3.00 Lac • Equipment for CRC: Rs 1.00 Lac • Establishment of Chawki Rearing Garden of 2 kanal with 1800 Plants( Plant Spacing 2 x 3) : Rs 0.150 Lac • 3 year maintenance of garden = Rs 0.060 Lac • production cost for 100 oz of chawki reared worms = Rs 0.55 Lac (Rs 550/oz of Seed including cost of seed Rs 450/oz) • Sale of 1 oz of Chawki reared worms : Rs 800 • Net earnings from 100 oz of Chawki worms = Rs 25000

Establishment of additional Reeling, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing and Designing units 12thPLan

Establishment of Reeling, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing and Designing units in the State during next 20 years

MULBERRY SECTOR

SILKWORM SEED SECTOR

MISCELENIOUS EXPENDITURE

Financial implications for Action plan for 20 years(Rs crore)

HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST COCOON SECTOR Joint Director Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Jammu) Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Kashmir) Total Office wise Staff Requirement (Fig in Nos.)

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY Under transfer of technology Rearing Kits and Rearing Houses will be provided to farmers to increase cocoon production both quantitatively as well as qualitatively.

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Sericulture.

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6 Best Sericulture-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides

With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 6 best sericulture templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the sericulture-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your sericulture-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.

Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

PPT layouts consisting of chrysalis silkworm up over silk worm cocoon background

Slides consisting of cocoon of silkworm on cyber futuristic silver hand life evolution metaphor

Presentation theme enhanced with small silkworms eating mulberry leaves in a farm

PPT layouts enhanced with yellow silkworm cocoon over green on silk worm net

Slide deck featuring silk butterfly samia ricini close-up shallow dof background

PPT layouts consisting of frame with silkworm cocoons at a silk factory

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Sericulture

Sericulture definition, types of silk, equipments and methods used in sericulture... Read less

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• 2. Bs (hons) ZOOLOGY
• 3. SERICULTURE  SILK has been under use by human beings for various purposes.  It is known as “the queen of fibres”  High scale production of silk in world.  Rearing, developing and looking of silk insects is termed as SERICULTURE
• 4. HISTORY  Lotzu empress of kwang-Ti discovered the origin of silk worm in the form of thread. But its technique was kept in secret.  The sericulture technique was known to only china, and one who tried to open it, hanged to death.  Then this secrecy was opened when two spies from EUROPE were sent to CHINA.
• 5. Silk moth  The silk producing machine is an insect called as SILK MOTH(resham ka kira).  Types of silk  Mulberry silk  Tasar silk  Eri silk  Muga silk
• 6. Mulberry silk This is supposed to be the superior in quality to other types due to its shiny and creamy color. It is secreted by caterpillar of Bombyx mori which feed on mulberry leaves.
• 7. Tasar silk Antheraea paphia , common in India, china and sri lanka. Catterpillar feed on ber, oak, and fig plant. Cocoon is hard and hen’s egg size which produces brown colored silk.
• 8. Eri silk Produced by caterpillar of Attacus ricini which feed on castor leaves Color is creamy white like mulberry but less shiny.
• 9. Muga silk Antheraea assama Native place is assam, good source of cottage industry. Catterpillar feed on Machilus plant Semi domesticated
• 11. Life cycle of silk moth, Bombyx mori
• 12. Physical characteristics  It is pale, cream or ashy white in color.  2.5 to 3 cm long and covered with small color.  Body is divided into head thorax and abdomen.  Head is big having large compound eyes and a pair of antennae.  Thorax is strong muscular three segmented structure provided with spiracles 2 pair of wings(4-6cm long) and 3 pair of legs.
• 13. Physical characteristics  Abdomen is covered with scales and highly extended in females whereas narrow in males.  Sexes are seperate, sexual dimorphism exist.  Males small in size than females  Females live for 2-3 days but males sometimes die during copulation, once females copulate they lay eggs(all fertilized) till she dies.  One moth lay eggs 400-500 eggs depending upon climatic conditions and nutrition.
• 14. Stages of life cycle Eggs  eggs are rounded and white. With increase in time egg become darker day by day.  Two types of eggs are present:-  Diapause : eggs are laid by silk worm inhabiting in temperate regions, all vital activities are ceased.  Non- diapause : silk worm belong to sub tropical region like india.
• 15. Eggs of bombyx mori
• 16. caterpillar  Hatches from egg are 5-7mm in length ,body is rough, wrinkled and greyish in color.  Have 12 segments, distinct into 3 parts i.e head, thorax, abdomen  Head is mandibulate mouth parts ,feed on leaves.  Thorax has 3 segments bear a pair of true jointed legs.
• 17. caterpillar  Abdomen has 10 segments.  Larva feed on mulberry leaves and grow very quickly.  Stop feeding, become inactive after 4 to 5 days then 1st molting occur. 2nd stage larva is similar to 1st one but slightly larger., eat for 7 days and 2nd molt occur. And 3rd larva formed. Larva repeats this process four times .
• 18. caterpillar  Maturity is achieved in 45 days since time of hatching. And matured catterpillars are now 7-10cm.  By this time formation of a pair of salivary gland is completed. Salivary glands secrete silk that are also called as silk glands.
• 19. caterpillar
• 20. pupa  Fully formed instar larva undergo physiological changes and become restless.  Due to intrinsic hormonal reasons.  Moves its head in whirling position, constantly and rapidly rotates head at its axis & in mean time saliva comes out through a small pore known as SPINNERET.  Located on tip of hypopharynx in mouth. There is continous flow of saliva through this pore.
• 22. cocoon  White color bed of pupa whose outer thread are irregular and inner threads are regular.  Thread’s length is 1000-1200m, in concentric manner.  Binding of threads round cocoon is very quick i.e 65 times/min  Now silk worm pupa is covered with thick, oval white or yellow silken cocoon.
• 24. emergence of imago  Active metamorphic changes take place during pupation in which abdominal prolegs disappear, thorax develop two pairs of wings.  Pupa is metamorphosed into young adult moth in 12- 15 days called as IMAGO  It secrets alkaline fluid that soften one end of cocoon and come out
• 25. emergence
• 27. sericulture  This is multivoltine(having several broods within year)  They are of domestic types and can b reared indoors  Large and healthy cocoons are selected, kept in vantilated cages emerge after few days  Males and females are distinguishable.  Kept in pairs in coupling jar for 24 hours copulate  females transferred to egg laying boxes made of cardboard  Female lay 300-400 eggs.
• 28. Tools and materials  Machana : proper place for rearing silk worm  Rearing trays: for keeping laid eggs along mulberry leaves  Spining tray: for keeping caterpillars at time of full grown stage ready for pupation.  Dalas: for fetching mulberry leaves  Chopping knife: cut mulberry leaves  Baskets: distribute mulberry leaves  Hygrometer, thermometer oven and freezers are also used.
• 30. Rearing of silk worm  5 stages for rearing 1. Supply of eggs: quality of seeds is important, only those eggs are given that has been produced in a well recognised grainage( where eggs are made) 2. Incubation of eggs: incubation conditions should be optimum. For uni voltine eggs 73.5-77*F, 77*F for bi voltine and 80*F for multi voltine.  Humidity 75-80%  For incubation seeds are spread on piece of paper In rearing tree.
• 31. 3. Brushing of worms: to separate newly hatched worms from shells of their eggs by means of a feather  The process of brushing is spreading finely chopped mulberry leaves on the egg sheet after 95% eggs are hatched. The newly emerged worms crawl on top of feed. & then transferred to rearing tray 4. Rearing of worms: it requires following  Rearing room: ventilated, protect against direct sun rays, well disinfectant with 2% formalin.
• 32.  Rearing appliances: wooden racks, chopping knifes, leaf storing basket, gunny cloth pieces, door curtain etc  Leaves & their preservation: harvested by cutting and plucking of leaves, preserved by keeping in basket covered with gunny cloth.  Feeding: feed with mulberry leaves at different intervals, different staged larvae need different amount of food.
• 33.  Cleaning: cleaning of trees is necessary to remove excreta.  Spacing: necessary to give proper spacing, avoiding over crowdedness & spread of disease providing high temp. at first two stages(80-85F) & in 3rd 4th stage 10 degree lower. With humidity 85-90%.  Mounting & harvesting: when worm is fully grown & appitite fails become restless and start spining out of cocoon. Put in cocoonages
• 34. 5. Spinning of cocoon: period in which worm stop feeding and start secreting a pasty substance from silk gland.  Worms picked up and put in spinning tray & kept in position of slope to the sun for short period.  Within 3 days spinning is done  Cocoon formed  Last stage of rearing
• 35. 6. quality of cocoon: depend on raw silk, filament length ,reliability & splitting. 7. Marketing of cocoon: price of cocoon is fixed by govt. 8. Post cocoon processing: the method of obtaining silk from cocoon is called as post cocoon processing. It includes stifling & reeling  Stifling: “killing of cocoon”  8-10 days cocoon selected. Dropped in hot water(helps in unwinding), sun exposure to 3 days
• 36.  Reeling: process of removing threads from killed cocoon  Threads are transferred to large wheel then to spools called as reeled silk.  Waste outer layer & damaged cocoon & threads are separated and filaments are spun. This spuned silk is called as spun silk.  Raw silk is further boiled, stretched and purified by acid or by fermentation carefully washed again & again.
• 37. Rearing of silk worm
• 38. Diseases and enemy of silk worm  Grasserie disease: viral, formation of polyhedral bodies in body fluid, hypodermic infection. Control is difficult. Preventions include sterilization of tools, optimum temp., cleaning and proper spacing.  Pebrine: most serious one, protozoan parasite(Nosema bombycis), effect young larva by loss of appitite, irregular moulting and growth.  Muscardine disease: fungal, lose of appitite, specks appear on skin, body become limp, elasiticity loose & movement stop, death, appearance of white spores.
• 40. predators  Tricoliga bombycis: parasite fly lay eggs near body of catterpillar larva upon hatching feed on tissue of caterpillar that dies.  Canthecona fincellatta & tanchid fly: have long rostrum with the help of which penetrate body of silk worm, hemolymph oozes out & worm die.  Ants, hornets, bats, kites atc feed on it.
• 41. Properties of silk  Pasty secretion of silk gland; modified salivary gland  When contact with air become hard and form strong silk strand.  Secretion form 2 cores of fibroin( 1) tough elastic insoluble protein cemented together with sericin (2) gelatinous easily soluble in warm water.  Wax & carotenoids are also detected.
• 42. Uses of silk  Silk clothes  Synthetic fibers  For military purposes  Fishing fibers  Parachutes  Tyres of racing cars  Insulation coils of telephones  Medical dresses & suture material.