149 Romanticism Essay Topics & Paper Examples

In a romanticism essay, you can explore a variety of topics, from American literature to British paintings. For that task, these ideas of romanticism collected by our team will be helpful!

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  • Romanticism in Frankenstein: The Use of Poetry in the Novel’s Narrative
  • Wordsworth’s Romanticism in Tintern Abbey Poem
  • Romanticism, Realism, and Modernism in Literature
  • Between Romanticism and Modernism
  • Nature in 18th Century and Romanticism Literatures
  • Romanticism in Wolfgang Goethe’s Sorrows of Young Werther
  • The French Revolution: Romanticism Period

Romanticism and Victorian Literature Comparison

  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poetry: British Romanticism
  • Romanticism and the Modern Theatre

Gothic Romanticism of Edgar Allen Poe

Write an essay analyzing the gothic romantic aspects of Poe’s works. Describe the main elements of this genre such as haunted buildings, dark nature, and love turned into lust. Provide examples of Poe’s works that use them and explain if they’re effective in building the narrative.

The Revolution of Emotion Ideas in the Romantic Periods

Assess how the depiction of emotions and ideas in literature, music, and art changed during the Romantic period. Describe the feelings authors emphasized in their works. Name several prominent figures from this period such as Lord Byron, Edgar Alan Poe, Franz Schubert, William Turner, and Eugene Delacroix and the influence these artists had on their respective fields.

Compare the Victorian and Romantic eras of English literature. Describe the similarities and differences in their themes, devices, and main conflicts. Use several prolific literary works in prose or poetry of these eras to demonstrate how the style and issues have changed over time.

Tristan and Isolde Opera Romanticism

Analyze the romantic elements in Richard Wagner’s opera Tristan and Isolde. Describe how the composer used melody, tempo, synchronization, vocal progression, fine-tuning, and performance to convey emotions from the opera’s characters. Explain the significance of different musical tones in representing characters and making them distinct on the stage.

English Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century: Prominent Authors

Make an essay describing the most prominent authors of England’s 19th-century Romanticism period. Cover the influence of such prominent figures as Samuel Taulor Coleridge, Lord Byron, William Wordsworth, William Blake, or Percy Bysshe Shelley. Describe their best works and how they influenced the literature of that time.

  • Restoration Literature and Romanticism: Common Facts All in all, the period of Restoration in the English literature can be described as the vindication of mind, intellectual values and political interests. The diction of this period is soft, inspiring, light and moving.
  • Ethnocentrism, Romanticism, Exoticism, and Primitivism as Depicted in James Cameron’s “Avatar” Ethnocentrism is depicted in most scenes of Avatar; the film outlines Na’vi’s ways of life and the way the protagonist is forced to profess the culture before being admitted into the community.
  • Feminism Builds up in Romanticism, Realism, Modernism Exploring the significance of the theme as well as the motifs of this piece, it becomes essential to understand that the era of modernism injected individualism in the literary works.
  • Gothic Romanticism of Edgar Allen Poe When the thought of today, the nineteenth-century writer Edgar Allan Poe is remembered as the master of the short story and the psychological thriller.
  • British Romanticism and Its Origins It was partially a rebellion against aristocratic social and political standards of the Age of Enlightenment and a response against the scientific explanation of nature and was exemplified most powerfully in the visual arts, music, […]
  • Romanticism, Baroque and Renaissance Paintings’ Analysis It is possible to focus on such artworks as the Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar Friedrich, The Taking of Christ by Caravaggio, and Raphael’s The School of Athens.
  • The History of the Romanticism Period Romanticism refers to the period of intellectual, artistic and literary movement in Europe in the first half of nineteenth century. The supporters of the Romantic Movement point to the spontaneous and irrational display of powerful […]
  • Gothic Romanticism in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart”, Nathaniel Hawthorn’s “The Birthmark” In the film “The Black Swan” directed by Darren Aronofsky, Nina struggles to fit into the ultimate role of the play “The Swan Lake”, as the Black Swan, even though she is comfortable playing the […]
  • Romanticism of Blake’s and Ghalib’s Poems In this journal, I will look at how Blake and Ghalib exemplify the Romantic movement, how their works differ from those of the Enlightenment, and the significance of their democratic and accessible writing style.
  • Romanticism: Beethoven’s Pathétique and Douglass’ The Narrative Two such examples of Romanticism works are Beethoven’s piano sonata, Pathetique, and Frederick Douglass’s The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.
  • Researching of Musical Romanticism The critical characteristics of musical Romanticism could be seen in the stress on uniqueness and individuality, the expression of one’s emotions, and freedom of form and experimentation.
  • Renaissance and Romanticism: Concepts of Beauty Titian, as a representative of the Renaissance, depicted a portrait of a girl in compliance with all the canons of his time.
  • Romanticism as an Ideological and Artistic Trend Romanticism in painting rejected the rationalism of classicism and reflected the attention to the depths of the human personality characteristic of the philosophy of the Romantics.
  • Romanticism in Modern Ecological Literature The current efforts by humans to safeguard the environment, coupled with the onset of ecological literature, not only indicates that romanticism never disappeared but also proves that the romantics were right. The artists were critical […]
  • Individualism and the Byronic Hero in the Romantic Era
  • The Role of Nature in Romantic Poetry
  • Emotions and Imagination in English Romantic Literature
  • Exploring Gothic Elements in the British Romantic Period
  • Romanticism as a Reaction to the Enlightenment
  • How Romanticists Responded to the Industrial Revolution
  • Lord Byron and the Romantic Period in England
  • The Lasting Effect of John Keats’s Poetry
  • The Romantic Background of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads
  • The Impact of the French Revolution on Romanticism
  • Neo-Classicism, Romanticism, and Rococo Thus, in the second half of the eighteenth century, the neoclassical style was widely popular in Europe. This style contradicted the coldness and simplicity of neoclassicism.
  • Features of French Romanticism in Camille Saint-Saens’s Music It is important to analyze Camille Saint-Saens’s works in the context of French Romanticism because the composer often combined the elements of French Romanticism with features typical of other movements and music styles like habanera.
  • Romanticism. Artists Associated With the Movement Art dealt mostly with issues of motive and realism while other forms of art dealt with the darkness of the community on one hand and its magnificence on the other.
  • Revolution and Romanticism in Europe and America The analysis of romanticism presentation on the basis of Rousseau’s theory is to be reflected through the atmosphere of French revolution period. Romanticism of Rousseau appeared to be close to the approach of ‘primitivism’, characterizing […]
  • Romanticism: Paintings by Francisco Goya The first painting depicted a nude woman in the Western art and the second painting was painted after controversial thoughts from the Spanish society over the meaning of The Nude Maja.
  • Tristan and Isolde Opera Romanticism The Tristan and Isolde drama is influenced by a wide range of things. Wagner uses the voices to show what is in the thoughts of Isolde and her attendant.
  • Romanticizing Literature, Visual Arts and Music During Romanticism 1800-1850 As “it emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental”, the Romanticism period inspired many artists in the field of literature, painting, music, […]
  • Enlightenment and Romanticism: Comparison In the wake up of the feminist and historicist takes to pieces of the older Romanticism, particularly Bloom’s “creative thinker corporation” and the Wordsworth-centered verse of consciousness and the natural world, one has to inquire […]
  • American Romanticism of “The Minister’s Black Veil” In the story Hawthorne pondered upon the three ways of making God’s word clearer to people. The author himself and his main hero saw the mission of a clergyman in explaining the Bible to the […]
  • Chopin: Musician Who Had Effect Romanticism Music At the beginning of the musical period known as Romanticism Frederic Chopin was born in Poland. The piano was his chosen instrument and one that he mastered at a very young age.
  • The Age of Romanticism and Its Factors Characteristics of the genre identified by Welleck include a “revolt against the principles of neo-classicism criticism, the rediscovery of older English literature, the turn toward subjectivity and the worship of external nature slowly prepared during […]
  • Neoclassicism and Romanticism: Comparison They were the two poles of architectural thinking on the side of Neoclassicism was a rational, objective, almost scientific method of thought, which put reason in the first place among human abilities.
  • Romanticism. Hawthorne’s “My Kinsman, Major Molineux” One of the most typical traits of romantic literature is the prevalence of emotions, setting the natural world above the created world, and the most important, freedom of an individual.
  • Baroque and Romanticism Art Periods and Influences The above two works of art depict great disparities in art as a result of communal, political, and economic factors of mankind during the periods.
  • The Age of Romanticism: Dances Articles Analysis On the one hand, it seems that these two writings have nothing in common except the intentions of the authors to make contributions to the field of dance and choose the theme of ballet for […]
  • Edgar Allan Poe, an American Romanticism Writer Poe’s three works “The fall of the house of Usher”, “the Raven” and “The Masque of the Red Death” describe his dedication to literature and his negative attitudes towards aristocracy.
  • Romanticism in Seascape Painting by Jules Dupre In particular, it is important to examine the stylistic peculiarities of this artwork and the way in which it reflects the cultural trends that emerged in the nineteenth century.
  • Nineteenth Century Romanticism The works of early composers, writers, painters, and poets evolved from the onset, and in the increased quest for perfection, a spirit of romanticism was born.
  • Art influences Culture: Romanticism & Realism In addition, the paper also highlights issues of the time and influences of the later works on the art world. Realism presented events of the society as they happened in reality.
  • Romanticism Period in Art 3 It is against this scope that this paper aims to explore the aspect of romanticism in the history of painting by considering the works of artists such as Kauffmann, David, Delacroix and Gros.
  • Light vs. Dark Romanticism As the narration continues and Katrina is wooed by Crane, Irving interrupts and expresses his imagination about the challenging and admirable nature of women.
  • Nature as the Mean of Expression in Romanticism The period of Romanticism is characterized by its address to nature, in other words, the world was perceived through the nature.”It is characterized by a shift from the structured, intellectual, reasoned approach of the 1700’s […]
  • Samuel Taylor and the Depiction of Nature in Romantic Literature
  • Lord Byron and Shaping the Romantic Hero
  • Romantic Elements in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein
  • John Keats’s Poetry and Imagination: A Study
  • Romanticism and the French Revolution
  • The Concept of the Sublime in Romantic Literature
  • Romanticism and Individualism in 19th-Century Britain
  • The Representation of Men in Romantic Literature
  • Jane Austen and the Romantic Movement
  • The Role of the Supernatural in Romantic Literature
  • The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Romanticism
  • The Three Different Features of Romanticism in The World is Too Much With Us, a Poem by William Wordsworth
  • Romanticism And Realism: Examples Of Mark Twain And Herman Melville Novels
  • William Cullen Bryant and American Romanticism
  • The American Renaissance: Transcendentalism, Romanticism, and Dark Romanticism
  • The Influence Of The French Revolution Upon British Romanticism
  • The Relationship Between Romanticism And Transcendentalism
  • Transcendentalism: Principal Expression of Romanticism in America
  • Socialism And Ideas Associated With The Movement In Relation To Those Of Romanticism
  • Women’s Self-Discovery During Late American Romanticism
  • The French Romanticism Of Moliere And Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s
  • The Role of Romanticism and Realism in the Development of Art
  • The Historical Development of Literature from the Enlightenment through Romanticism to Modernism
  • The Characteristics of the Romanticism in Wordsworth
  • The Influence of Romanticism on People as Demonstrated in the Story of Madam Bovary
  • Realism and Romanticism: Similarities and Differences
  • The Romanticism Movement in the Novel The Danish Girl by David Ebershoff
  • Varieties Of Romanticism In The Poetry Of Blake Shelly And Keats
  • Walt Whitman And The Romanticism Movement
  • Sexism, Romanticism, and the Portrayal of Women in Eighteenth-Century Art
  • The Shift from Romanticism to Realism in Mark Twain’s Satire Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offences
  • How Did Authors of the Romantic Period React to the Pre-enlightenment Period?
  • Why Did Romantic Period Writers Empathize with Imagination and Emotion?
  • What’s the Role and Significance of Nature in Romantic Literature?
  • How Did Romantic Writers View the Relationship between Individuals and Society?
  • Which Traits Does the Quintessential Romantic Hero Possess?
  • How Did the Industrial Revolution Shape the Concerns of Romantic Literature?
  • Who Were the Most Prominent Authors of That Period?
  • Do Gothic and Romantic Elements Intertwine in Any Romantic Period Works?
  • What Influence Did the Romantic Period Have on 19th-Century Philosophy?
  • Does Romantic Literature Influence Modern Authors?
  • The Washington Irving’s Romanticism
  • The Categorization of Romanticism and Realism at the End of the Baroque Period in the 18th Century
  • The Theme of Nature in Frankenstein as a Representation of the Effect Romanticism Had on Mary Shelley
  • The Key Tensions in Romanticism in Coleridge’s Kubla Khan and Keat’s Ode to a Nightingale
  • Tom Sawyer as a Representation of Walter Scott’s Romanticism and Tradition in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Novel by Mark Twain
  • The Use of Romanticism in The Raven, a Poem by Edgar Allan Poe
  • William Wordsworth’s Daffodils and Negative Romanticism
  • The Use of Romanticism by Different Literary Authors
  • The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn – An Obvious Depiction of Romanticism and Realism
  • What Is The Romanticism Of Johnathan Keats And Wordsworth
  • The Romanticism Of The 19th Century
  • The Tables Turned’ by William Wordsworth and Romanticism
  • Use Of Romanticism In Development Of Characters In The Scarlet Letter
  • The Similarities Between Romanticism And Modernism
  • The Effect of Romanticism, Nationalism, and Communism in Shaping the European Nations
  • The Progression of Knowledge Between the 18th-Century Neoclassicism and 19th-Century Romanticism
  • The Origins, Spirit, Style, Themes, and Decline of the Romanticism Movement in Literature
  • The Elements of Romanticism in the Short Story, The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe
  • The Symbols of Romanticism in the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
  • The Characteristics Of Romanticism Found In The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner
  • The Romanticism and Realism in Art and Literature
  • The Themes of Guilt, Suffering, and Experience in Literature During the Romanticism and Victorian Era
  • What Is the Difference Between Romanticism and Postmodernism?
  • How Does William Wordsworth’s Poetry Fit Into the Literary Tradition of Romanticism?
  • What Are the Differences Between Romanticism and Classicism?
  • How Did Romanticism and Photography Shape Western Modernity?
  • What Is the Opposite of Romanticism?
  • Is Nature a Dominant Theme in Romantic Poetry?
  • What Were the Material Causes of the Rise of Romanticism?
  • How Did Romanticism Change Society’s Way of Thinking?
  • What Are the Similarities Between Romantic Literature and Early Victorian Literature?
  • How Has Romanticism Diminished Throughout Popularity?
  • What Are the Main Features of Romantic Poetry?
  • How Did Romanticism Influence American Architecture?
  • What Are the Four Basic Tenets of Romanticism?
  • How Did Romanticism Kill Love?
  • What Did the Romantics Revolt Against, and What Did They Revive?
  • How Do Romantics Emphasize Individuality?
  • What Were the Characteristic Features of Poetry During the Romantic Movement?
  • Why Did Romantic Writers Reject Rationalism?
  • What Are Some Characteristics of Romantic Poetry?
  • Why Is Imagination Closely Linked With Romanticism?
  • What Is the Contribution of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley to the Romanticism?
  • Why Is the Prometheus Myth Important for Romanticism?
  • What Is Romantic Language and Style?
  • Who Were the Most Famous Writers During the American Romantic Era?
  • What Are Some Short Notes on Romanticism?
  • Why Should a Student Study Romantic Poetry?
  • What Is the Importance of 3 Major Concepts of Romanticism?
  • How Does Romantic Writing Differ From the Early American Writings Done by the Puritans?
  • What Are the Salient Features of Romanticism?
  • What Inspired Poets of Romantic Era to Write Poems?
  • Postmodernism Essay Topics
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Romanticism - List of Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century. Essays might delve into its key characteristics, major figures, its impact on art and literature, and its contrast with Enlightenment ideals. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Romanticism you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Shelley about Romanticism Versus the Enlightenment

In the novel, "Frankenstein," Mary Shelley uses various elements of both mysterious and romantic literature to convey her indictment of the Enlightenment thinking over the use of her characters displayed throughout the novel. Being written in the time of the Romantic era, Shelley uses vivid language to portray her objection of the Enlightenment age as it influenced many people to use logical reasoning and science to disregard barbarism and superstition from the World. In Frankenstein, Shelley's response to this ideology […]

Neoclassicism and Romanticism

During the 18th century, a new movement brushed through Europe and created a primitive change in politics, science, and art. The Enlightenment was partially a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, as the world witnessed the importance of technological innovation for the growth of humankind. Neoclassicism and Romanticism literature and arts affected the present world. Neoclassicism was the foundation of romanticism especially in the influence either in literature, arts and of their genres.Neoclassical and Romanticism both developed from Greece and Rome […]

Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”

Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle, was first published in 1819, the last year to be categorised as the predecessors of the American short story before American Romanticism began. The story instantly became famous because its use of literary form that other predecessors often lacked. Many early American stories were undeveloped with flat characters and plot lines that often gave a didactic tone. “Rip Van Winkle,” is written with more eloquence and literary style that it can easily be identified as […]

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Romanticism and Realism in “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Young Goodman Brown is a story that challenged the American society. “Young Goodman Brown has long been recognized as signifying more than an individual’s spiritual paranoia.” (Christophersen, p. 2, 1986). (Hawthorne drew from his experiences in the Romantic period, the concept of realism, and examples of real-life occurrences, to help the reader truly understand the meaning behind the story. Hawthorne uses examples of Romanticism by showing times when Goodman Brown thinks irrationally and doesn’t think about other explanations. He also […]

The Romantic Era and the Renaissance Period

The Italian Renaissance, lasting from the 14th to the 17th centuries, and the Romantic era of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were influential both in the aspects of art and of literature. The Italian Renaissance saw a notable revival of interest in the classical values of ancient Greece and Rome. Having the ability to rely on the political stability and growing prosperity in Italy, the people allowed for the development of new technologies- including the printing press, a […]

The Devil and Tom Walker: Romanticism

Washington Irving stated "The Devil and Tom Walker" as a component of a short stories assortment named "Stories of a Traveler" in 1824. Set in New England during the 1700s, Walker offering his spirit to Satan for treasure is one awful segment to this story that may appear everything except heartfelt. Notwithstanding, "The Devil and Tom Walker," which is frequently educated in secondary school writing classes, offers numerous qualities that are important for the heartfelt writing type. "The Devil and […]

American Romanticism and the Gothic Theme in the Novel Nathaniel Hawthorne

Beginning in the 1830’s and ending around the 1870’s, American authors and writers were starting to write about American Romanticism. In American Romanticism there are three different sub-categories that a person can focus on. These subcategories include the ideas of Transcendentalism, Gothic, and Reform. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story “Young Goodman Brown,” Hawthorne uses the Gothic theme throughout his story. In the small passage from the beginning of the story, it shows us the development of the theme, the characters, and […]

Passion Versus Reason: Phaedra and Confessions

One of the most important debates through out literature is the theme of passion versus reason. By analyzing the appearance of the debate between passion and reason in Racine’s Phaedra and Rousseau’s Confessions, one can deduce that Phaedra encourages readers to exclusively follow reason and scorn passion while Confessions shows passion and emotion as important. The first way that the idea of reason being superior to passion appears in Rousseau’s Confessions is in the depiction of passion as leading to […]

The Term “Romanticism”

The word romanticism was initially used to describe new ideas in literature and painting. Afterward, the term "Romanticism" stood for the most famous intellectual movement that originally generated in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century (Cranston M. W., & Cranston, 1994). At the end of the eighteenth century and well into the nineteenth century, romanticism rapidly spread throughout Europe and the United states to challenge the rational concept held so tightly within the Enlightenment, the former intellectual and […]

Revolution Republics and Romanticism

During the eighteenth century, there were numerous significant movements and events causing many social, cultural, and political developments. Two of the most influential events were the American and French Revolutions. Like many other events throughout history, these revolutions stemmed from profound ideology which strongly influenced the surrounding culture and events, continuing the reoccurring theme of the intersection of ideas with culture. At first glance, it appears that the American and French Revolutions had a lot in common. After all, both […]

Romantic and Gothic Elements in House of Usher

Edgar Allan Poe stands alone with an unparalleled style of writing and aesthetic taste he adds to his literary work. His literary theories and creative techniques are totally different from the mainstream literature work written during his times. Poe adopted Gothic technique in the composition of one of his most famous stories, “The Fall of The House of Usher.” Gothic genre involves the use of supernaturalism, mysterious occurrences, and strange characters and settings. In this tale, Poe presents a terrifying […]

William Wordsworth: the Quintessential Poet of Romanticism Whose Literary Legacy Shaped an Era

Introduction Within the annals of literary history, William Wordsworth emerges as a towering figure, widely recognized as one of the central voices of the Romantic period. His poetic creations, distinguished by their profound connection to nature, celebration of individual experience, and exploration of spiritual transcendence, encapsulate the core tenets of the Romantic movement. This essay embarks on a journey to unveil the compelling reasons behind William Wordsworth's enduring status as a central writer of the Romantic era, spotlighting the thematic […]

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poetry: a Sojourn into British Romanticism

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a luminary of the British Romantic movement, weaves a tapestry of profound emotions and vivid imagery in his poetry, capturing the essence of an era marked by a fervent exploration of the human experience and the natural world. Coleridge's poems, imbued with a unique blend of mysticism and introspection, stand as exemplars of British Romanticism, a literary movement that sought to transcend the boundaries of reason and celebrate the sublime. One of Coleridge's notable contributions to British […]

The Lush Landscape of the Romanticism Era

Often when we hear the term 'Romanticism', our minds may wander to notions of love, passion, and sweeping gestures of affection. However, the Romanticism era in art and literature, which flourished during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, embodied much more than these conventional concepts of romance. It was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe, emphasizing inspiration, individualism, and the primacy of the individual. The era offered a departure from the Enlightenment's strict adherence […]

Dark Romanticism: the Brooding Sibling of the Romantic Movement

The landscape of literary movements is vast and varied, with each epoch contributing its unique flavor to the annals of literature. Among these, Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism, holds a significant place. However, nestled within the broader Romantic canopy is a shadowy offshoot – Dark Romanticism. This subgenre, replete with brooding atmospheres, morbid themes, and a fascination with the macabre, offers a rich tapestry of narratives that delve deep into the human psyche. At its core, […]

Impact of Poe and Hawthorne

The American Renaissance was a revolutionary time for American literature. It introduced new styles of writing that lead to the diverging from Puritan writing to the new Transcendentalism, Romanticism, and Dark Romanticism. Dark Romanticism was different than Transcendentalism and Romanticism. It fascinated its readers with dark and morbid topics such as secret sin, evil, and spiritual symbols. These factors are what kept, and keeps, Dark Romanticism alive in American literature. The two writers who excelled in writing Dark Romantic stories […]

Does Romanticism of Vampires Condone Sexual Exploitation of Young Adults in Romantic Relationships?

Since the beginning of civilization, humans have used their imagination to explain the unknown. Stories and folklore evolved over time with monsters being a central theme for those things that were unknown. As the stories evolved, one specific type of monster was developed that embodied the ultimate horror and frightening unknown of the dead: the vampire. Vampire stories have evolved in line with the social and popular cultural beliefs that were present at the time the stories were written or […]

Human Nature in Young Goodman Brown Essay

"In the nineteenth century in the United States, many great writers appeared. Among them, that is Nathaniel Hawthorne is an excellent romantic literary analysis writer. The combination of symbolism and fiction in the novel makes it a model in American literature. Similarly, the author also uses the allegorical approach to illustrate some truth through “Young Goodman Brown”, to achieve educational and ironic purposes. In “Young Goodman Brown”, Hawthorne uses a lot of symbolic techniques to emphasize the evil of human […]

Women during Victorian Era

In the period of Victorian era, which lasted from 1837 to 1901, was a period where female sexuality was suppressed. During this time period, the roles of women changed drastically from censored and submissive to educated owners of their own bodies. Many women, if not all, began and started the fight in order to bring change they wanted to see in their lifetimes. Many Victorian female writers, such as the Brontes and Mary Ann Evans, started to explore and write […]

Self Reliance in Dead Poets Society

      “Thump, thump, thump.” That’s the sound of a heart, but not just any heart, it’s a nervous heart, a rebellious heart, a heart of fear and passion, the heart of Todd Anderson. Todd is very diffident and hushed, it's as if he is afraid of being heard, but why? What is he so frightened by? Is it the strapping hand of his father or the nettlesome voices of liars? Whatever it was it didn’t belong. Through every […]

The Symbolism of Nature in Mr. Tambourine Man

When a place considered natural, such as a forest, appears in an artistic work, its presence is rarely neutral. Nature is often used to represent something or is associated with certain connotations. These portrayals often expose the artist's way of viewing nature, or his or her culture's way of viewing it. One example of such a work is "Mr. Tambourine Man", a 1965 folk song by the well-known singer-songwriter, Bob Dylan. The song's only instruments, other than Dylan's voice, are […]

The French Revolutions Impact on Romantics

The French Revolution is undoubtedly one of the most influential events in Europe during the late 18th century, with lasting concepts in politics, culture, and literature. During this period, Romantic poetry arose and introduced a generation of authors that each uniquely portrayed their own perspectives on the revolution through their works. Some poets referenced a more concrete political standpoint, while others went towards a more intangible concept of freedom and equality. The works written by authors: William Wordsworth and Mary […]

Beauty of being Alone

"Laying in the meadow, the wind the perfect temperature. The flowers smell like heaven, you eyes are closed and you are feeling the relaxation of the world. This is the beauty of being alone. This is the general idea of romanticism. There are many parts or types of romanticism. The different types are dark romanticism, anti-transcendentalism, and American Gothic. They all deal with Romanticism yet, they all have different qualities tying them together. Romanticism focuses on beauty, love, sadness, loss, […]

Edgar Allan Poe in Romantic Literature

In english class this semester we read a few romantic literaries, One that I enjoyed very much was Eleonora by Edgar Allan Poe. He was considered one of the most important influenced american writers of his time. I thought the meaning behind his short story Eleonora, is that it's OK to break a vow of eternal love. This story is all about concern and is an emotional importance to the writer. The short story Eleonora is quite easy to comprehend. […]

Personal Experience, Intuition, Spontaneous Emotions that Romantic Music Helped to Develop

Romantic music emerged in the 18th century, emphasizing personal experience, intuition and spontaneous emotion. There are four principal ideals of Romanticism: individualism, love of nature, fascination with the supernatural and nationalism. Individualism pertains to distinguishing oneself from the masses. In the context of Musical Romanticism, individualism places emphasis on originality and distinctiveness; in other words, personal emotional expression. Essentially, Romanticism in music was of two kinds - romantic idealists and romantic realists. The idealists maintained that music must exist for […]

A View on the Rip Van Winkle Emphasis on the Escapism

Rip Van Winkle emphasizes nature, times past, the power of imagination, enchantment, and values individual feelings and intuition over reason, to focus on the idea of Romanticism, which is the time period the story was published in. American Romanticism can best be described as a journey away from the corruption of civilization and the limits of rational thought, and towards the integrity of nature and the freedom of the imagination. Written by Washington Irving, "Rip Van Winkle" is a story […]

Romantic Features in Frankenstein

Mary Shelley was an English Romantic author who shared the movement's appreciation for nature, emotion, individualism, rebellion, imagination, and the purity of art. The main thought presented in Romanticism is, "Reason cannot explain everything," and that is what Shelley's works were based on - imagination. She is best known for "Frankenstein," a novel believed to be rich in Romantic features. "Frankenstein" is a horror fiction gothic novel, infused with the elements of the Romantic Movement. The 280-page book is divided […]

The Macbeth Chain of being

Charlotte Smith is an underappreciated writer of the Early Romantic period. Despite the fact that both William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (two of the more famous Romantics/OWG’s) both credited Smith with influencing their works, she has never reached the same level of acclaim that both men enjoy and has only in recent years began to be properly recognized as an important part of the English canon. I am sad to say I had neither heard of Smith nor her […]

Eternal Beauty and Timelessness in Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn”

John Keats, one of the most celebrated Romantic poets, often grappled with themes of beauty, art, and mortality. Among his vast repertoire, "Ode on a Grecian Urn" stands as a testament to his deep contemplation of these themes. In this ode, Keats elegantly crafts a bridge between the visual and the verbal, using an ancient Greek urn as a symbol of timeless beauty and the eternal nature of art. The urn, an artifact of a bygone era, captures frozen moments […]

A Tale of John Smith and Pocahontas

In the early 17th century, amidst the backdrop of European exploration and Native American cultures, the encounter between John Smith and Pocahontas emerged as a captivating narrative of cultural exchange and diplomacy. Their story, often romanticized and debated, offers insights into the complexities of early American history. John Smith, a bold English explorer, arrived in Virginia in 1607 as part of the Jamestown expedition, seeking new opportunities and resources on behalf of the Virginia Company. His encounters with the local […]

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Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays

  • Romanticism

Boxers

Théodore Gericault

Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct

Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct

Alfred Dedreux (1810–1860) as a Child

Alfred Dedreux (1810–1860) as a Child

The Start of the Race of the Riderless Horses

The Start of the Race of the Riderless Horses

Horace Vernet

Jean-Louis-André-Théodore Gericault (1791–1824)

Jean-Louis-André-Théodore Gericault (1791–1824)

Inundated Ruins of a Monastery

Inundated Ruins of a Monastery

Karl Blechen

Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds

Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds

John Constable

Faust

Eugène Delacroix

Royal Tiger

Royal Tiger

Stormy Coast Scene after a Shipwreck

Stormy Coast Scene after a Shipwreck

French Painter

Mother and Child by the Sea

Mother and Child by the Sea

Johan Christian Dahl

The Natchez

The Natchez

Wanderer in the Storm

Wanderer in the Storm

Julius von Leypold

The Abduction of Rebecca

The Abduction of Rebecca

Jewish Woman of Algiers Seated on the Ground

Jewish Woman of Algiers Seated on the Ground

Théodore Chassériau

Sunset

The Virgin Adoring the Host

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Ovid among the Scythians

Ovid among the Scythians

Kathryn Calley Galitz Department of European Paintings, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

October 2004

Romanticism, first defined as an aesthetic in literary criticism around 1800, gained momentum as an artistic movement in France and Britain in the early decades of the nineteenth century and flourished until mid-century. With its emphasis on the imagination and emotion, Romanticism emerged as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789. Though often posited in opposition to Neoclassicism , early Romanticism was shaped largely by artists trained in Jacques Louis David’s studio, including Baron Antoine Jean Gros, Anne Louis Girodet-Trioson, and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. This blurring of stylistic boundaries is best expressed in Ingres’ Apotheosis of Homer and Eugène Delacroix’s Death of Sardanapalus (both Museé du Louvre, Paris), which polarized the public at the Salon of 1827 in Paris. While Ingres’ work seemingly embodied the ordered classicism of David in contrast to the disorder and tumult of Delacroix, in fact both works draw from the Davidian tradition but each ultimately subverts that model, asserting the originality of the artist—a central notion of Romanticism.

In Romantic art, nature—with its uncontrollable power, unpredictability, and potential for cataclysmic extremes—offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought. The violent and terrifying images of nature conjured by Romantic artists recall the eighteenth-century aesthetic of the Sublime. As articulated by the British statesman Edmund Burke in a 1757 treatise and echoed by the French philosopher Denis Diderot a decade later, “all that stuns the soul, all that imprints a feeling of terror, leads to the sublime.” In French and British painting of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the recurrence of images of shipwrecks ( 2003.42.56 ) and other representations of man’s struggle against the awesome power of nature manifest this sensibility. Scenes of shipwrecks culminated in 1819 with Théodore Gericault’s strikingly original Raft of the Medusa (Louvre), based on a contemporary event. In its horrifying explicitness, emotional intensity, and conspicuous lack of a hero, The Raft of the Medusa became an icon of the emerging Romantic style. Similarly, J. M. W. Turner’s 1812 depiction of Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps (Tate, London), in which the general and his troops are dwarfed by the overwhelming scale of the landscape and engulfed in the swirling vortex of snow, embodies the Romantic sensibility in landscape painting. Gericault also explored the Romantic landscape in a series of views representing different times of day; in Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct ( 1989.183 ), the dramatic sky, blasted tree, and classical ruins evoke a sense of melancholic reverie.

Another facet of the Romantic attitude toward nature emerges in the landscapes of John Constable , whose art expresses his response to his native English countryside. For his major paintings, Constable executed full-scale sketches, as in a view of Salisbury Cathedral ( 50.145.8 ); he wrote that a sketch represents “nothing but one state of mind—that which you were in at the time.” When his landscapes were exhibited in Paris at the Salon of 1824, critics and artists embraced his art as “nature itself.” Constable’s subjective, highly personal view of nature accords with the individuality that is a central tenet of Romanticism.

This interest in the individual and subjective—at odds with eighteenth-century rationalism—is mirrored in the Romantic approach to portraiture. Traditionally, records of individual likeness, portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters. Gericault probed the extremes of mental illness in his portraits of psychiatric patients, as well as the darker side of childhood in his unconventional portrayals of children. In his portrait of Alfred Dedreux ( 41.17 ), a young boy of about five or six, the child appears intensely serious, more adult than childlike, while the dark clouds in the background convey an unsettling, ominous quality.

Such explorations of emotional states extended into the animal kingdom, marking the Romantic fascination with animals as both forces of nature and metaphors for human behavior. This curiosity is manifest in the sketches of wild animals done in the menageries of Paris and London in the 1820s by artists such as Delacroix, Antoine-Louis Barye, and Edwin Landseer. Gericault depicted horses of all breeds—from workhorses to racehorses—in his work. Lord Byron’s 1819 tale of Mazeppa tied to a wild horse captivated Romantic artists from Delacroix to Théodore Chassériau, who exploited the violence and passion inherent in the story. Similarly, Horace Vernet, who exhibited two scenes from Mazeppa in the Salon of 1827 (both Musée Calvet, Avignon), also painted the riderless horse race that marked the end of the Roman Carnival, which he witnessed during his 1820 visit to Rome. His oil sketch ( 87.15.47 ) captures the frenetic energy of the spectacle, just before the start of the race. Images of wild, unbridled animals evoked primal states that stirred the Romantic imagination.

Along with plumbing emotional and behavioral extremes, Romantic artists expanded the repertoire of subject matter, rejecting the didacticism of Neoclassical history painting in favor of imaginary and exotic subjects. Orientalism and the worlds of literature stimulated new dialogues with the past as well as the present. Ingres’ sinuous odalisques ( 38.65 ) reflect the contemporary fascination with the exoticism of the harem, albeit a purely imagined Orient, as he never traveled beyond Italy. In 1832, Delacroix journeyed to Morocco, and his trip to North Africa prompted other artists to follow. In 1846, Chassériau documented his visit to Algeria in notebooks filled with watercolors and drawings, which later served as models for paintings done in his Paris studio ( 64.188 ). Literature offered an alternative form of escapism. The novels of Sir Walter Scott, the poetry of Lord Byron, and the drama of Shakespeare transported art to other worlds and eras. Medieval England is the setting of Delacroix’s tumultuous Abduction of Rebecca ( 03.30 ), which illustrates an episode from Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe .

In its stylistic diversity and range of subjects, Romanticism defies simple categorization. As the poet and critic Charles Baudelaire wrote in 1846, “Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor in exact truth, but in a way of feeling.”

Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “Romanticism.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm (October 2004)

Further Reading

Brookner, Anita. Romanticism and Its Discontents . New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux; : , 2000.

Honour, Hugh. Romanticism . New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

Additional Essays by Kathryn Calley Galitz

  • Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “ The Legacy of Jacques Louis David (1748–1825) .” (October 2004)
  • Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “ Gustave Courbet (1819–1877) .” (May 2009)
  • Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “ The French Academy in Rome .” (October 2003)

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Romanticism in Literature: Definition and Examples

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romanticism essay examples

  • B.A., English, Rutgers University

Romanticism was a literary movement that began in the late 18th century and ended around the middle of the 19th century—although its influence continues to this day. Marked by a focus on the individual (and the unique perspective of a person, often guided by irrational, emotional impulses), a respect for nature and the primitive, and a celebration of the common man, Romanticism can be seen as a reaction to the huge changes in society that occurred during this period, including the revolutions that burned through countries like France and the United States, ushering in grand experiments in democracy.

Key Takeaways: Romanticism in Literature

  • Romanticism is a literary movement spanning roughly 1790–1850.
  • The movement was characterized by a celebration of nature and the common man, a focus on individual experience, an idealization of women, and an embrace of isolation and melancholy.
  • Prominent Romantic writers include John Keats, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Mary Shelley.

Romanticism Definition

The term Romanticism does not stem directly from the concept of love, but rather the French word romaunt (a romantic story told in verse). Romanticism focused on emotions and the inner life of the writer, and often used autobiographical material to inform the work or even provide a template for it, unlike traditional literature at the time.

Romanticism celebrated primitive and elevated "regular people" as being deserving of celebration, which was an innovation at the time. Romanticism also fixated on nature as a primordial force and encouraged the concept of isolation as necessary for spiritual and artistic development.

Characteristics of Romanticism

Romantic literature is marked by six primary characteristics: celebration of nature, focus on the individual and spirituality, celebration of isolation and melancholy, interest in the common man, idealization of women, and personification and pathetic fallacy.

Celebration of Nature

Romantic writers saw nature as a teacher and a source of infinite beauty. One of the most famous works of Romanticism is John Keats’ To Autumn (1820):

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,– While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day, And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue; Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river sallows, borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

Keats personifies the season and follows its progression from the initial arrival after summer, through the harvest season, and finally to autumn’s end as winter takes its place.

Focus on the Individual and Spirituality

Romantic writers turned inward, valuing the individual experience above all else. This in turn led to a heightened sense of spirituality in Romantic work, and the addition of occult and supernatural elements.

The work of Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies this aspect of the movement; for example, The Raven tells the story of a man grieving for his dead love (an idealized woman in the Romantic tradition) when a seemingly sentient Raven arrives and torments him, which can be interpreted literally or seen as a manifestation of his mental instability.

Celebration of Isolation and Melancholy

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a very influential writer in Romanticism; his books of essays explored many of the themes of the literary movement and codified them. His 1841 essay Self-Reliance is a seminal work of Romantic writing in which he exhorts the value of looking inward and determining your own path, and relying on only your own resources.

Related to the insistence on isolation, melancholy is a key feature of many works of Romanticism, usually seen as a reaction to inevitable failure—writers wished to express the pure beauty they perceived and failure to do so adequately resulted in despair like the sort expressed by Percy Bysshe Shelley in A Lament :

O world! O life! O time! On whose last steps I climb. Trembling at that where I had stood before; When will return the glory of your prime? No more—Oh, never more!

Interest in the Common Man

William Wordsworth was one of the first poets to embrace the concept of writing that could be read, enjoyed, and understood by anyone. He eschewed overly stylized language and references to classical works in favor of emotional imagery conveyed in simple, elegant language, as in his most famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud :

I wandered lonely as a Cloud That floats on high o'er vales and Hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden Daffodils; Beside the Lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Idealization of Women

In works such as Poe’s The Raven , women were always presented as idealized love interests, pure and beautiful, but usually without anything else to offer. Ironically, the most notable novels of the period were written by women (Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, and Mary Shelley, for example), but had to be initially published under male pseudonyms because of these attitudes. Much Romantic literature is infused with the concept of women being perfect innocent beings to be adored, mourned, and respected—but never touched or relied upon.

Personification and Pathetic Fallacy

Romantic literature’s fixation on nature is characterized by the heavy use of both personification and pathetic fallacy. Mary Shelley used these techniques to great effect in Frankenstein :

Its fair lakes reflect a blue and gentle sky; and, when troubled by the winds, their tumult is but as the play of a lively infant, when compared to the roarings of the giant ocean.

Romanticism continues to influence literature today; Stephenie Meyers’ Twilight novels are clear descendants of the movement, incorporating most of the characteristics of classic Romanticism despite being published a century and a half after the end of the movement’s active life.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. " Romanticism ."

Cambridge University Press. " The Cambridge Companion to German Romanticism ."

Poetry Foundation. " William Wordsworth ."

University of Florida. " Romantic Myth Making: The Sympathetic Soulmate From Romanticism to Twilight and Beyond ."

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Home / Essay Samples / History / Medieval Europe / Romanticism

Romanticism Essay Examples

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About Romanticism

From the late 18th to the mid-19th century.

Francisco Goya, William Blake, John Constable, Henry Fuseli, Albert Bierstadt, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley, etc.

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