problem solving money year 3

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Year 3 Money Challenges Solving Money Problems

Welcome to our Year 3 Money Challenges page. Here you will find our selection of printable money problem worksheets to help your child learn to use their money skills to solve a range of problems.

These challenges are a great resource as an extension for more able pupils, or to consolidate and extend learning.

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Year 3 Money Learning

Knowing how to handle and calculate with money is a very important life-skill.

During Year 3, children build on their knowledge and skills they have achieved during Year 2.

By the time children reach the end of Year 3, they should be able to:-

• use decimal notation for amounts of money, e.g. £3.27
• change amounts in £ to amounts in pence and back;
• count money up to £10;
• calculate change for amounts of money up to £1 mentally;
• solve simple problems involving money;
• use informal methods to add and subtract money amounts in £ and pence.

Our worksheets will support your child with these objectives.

Year 3 Money Challenges Information

The following worksheets involve solving challenges involving money amounts. They are a great way to consolidate and extend money learning once children are confident with counting money amounts.

The challenges start off at a fairly easy level with problems that involve lower value coins and smaller money amounts. The challenges later on involve more complex problems with larger values to calculate.

If you are teaching a class or group of children, then these sheets should give you some great differentiated learning activities with a money theme.

An answer sheet is available for each challenge provided.

The money challenges in each section are carefully graded, allowing you to introduce concepts at an easier level before introducing harder work, or differentiate within your class.

Using the sheets in this section will help your child to:

• count money in coins up to £1;
• develop their reasoning and thinking skills;
• solve problems involving money.

All the money worksheets in this section will help your child to become more confident with money, and develop better problem solving skills.

Year 3 Money Challenges Worksheets

There are 3 challenges - Tyger's Money Square Challenge, Row of Coins Challenge and How Much Money Challenge.

Each main challenge has several versions which start with the easiest level and progress onto harder levels of challenge.

Row of Coins Challenges

• Row of Coins Challenge 1
• PDF version
• Row of Coins Challenge 2
• Row of Coins Challenge 3
• Row of Coins Challenge 4

Tyger's Money Square Challenges

• Tyger's Money Square Challenge 1
• Tyger's Money Square Challenge 2
• Tyger's Money Square Challenge 3
• Tyger's Money Square Challenge 4

How Much Money Challenges

• How Much Money Challenge 1
• How Much Money Challenge 2
• How Much Money Challenge 3

Extension Activity Ideas

If you are looking for a way to extend learning with the How Much Money challenge, why not...

Try playing 'How Much Money' in pairs.

One person chooses 2 or 3 coins and the other person has to ask questions which involve 'yes' or 'no' answers.

To make the game more interesting, have a maximum of 5 questions before you make a guess!

Looking for some more UK money worksheets?

We also have some counting money worksheets with amounts up to £1 or £5.

The sheets are at a more basic level than those on this page.

• Free UK Money Worksheets Coins up to £1
• Year 3 Money Worksheets Coins up to £5
• Year 4 Money Challenges

More Recommended Math Worksheets

Take a look at some more of our worksheets similar to these.

Money Riddles

These puzzles are a great money starter activity to get children thinking and puzzling out which the correct answer is out of a set number of choices. They are great for partner work too.

UK Money Riddles

If you are looking for some fun learning puzzles involving money, then look no further.

The puzzle sheets in this section are designed primarily for children in Years 3 and 4 who need to develop their problem solving skills and mathematical language.

Using these challenges will help your child to:

• apply their existing skills to puzzle out clues;
• understand money terminology;
• develop their thinking skills.
• Money Riddles for Kids (UK coins)

Money Column Addition Worksheets

Here you will find a selection of Column Addition Money sheets designed to help your child add different amounts of money.

Using these sheets will help your child to:

• add up a range of money amounts involving decimals.

The worksheets in this section are aimed at children in Years 4 and 5.

• Column Addition Money Worksheets (UK)

Money Column Subtraction Worksheets

Here you will find a selection of Column Subtraction Money sheets designed to help your child subtract different amounts of money.

• subtract a range of money amounts involving decimals.
• Column Subtraction Money Worksheets (UK)
• Counting Money Games

Here is our collection of counting money games for kids.

All of these games are suitable for kids aged from 1st grade and upwards.

Playing games is a great way to practice math skills in a fun way. Games also help to develop reasoning, thinking and memory.

How to Print or Save these sheets 🖶

Need help with printing or saving? Follow these 3 steps to get your worksheets printed perfectly!

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25 Money Word Problems for Year 2 to Year 6 With Tips On Supporting Pupils’ Progress

Emma Johnson

Word problems with money are first introduced in the Maths Curriculum in Year 2. At this stage, children learn to recognise the different coins and the symbols for pounds and pence; find different combinations of coins and begin to solve simple addition and subtraction word problems.

As pupils progress through primary, they continue to encounter money and word problems involving money, right through to upper Key Stage 2. By Year 6 money is no longer specifically identified in the curriculum. However, pupils continue to be exposed to money word problems, through a range of mathematical concepts and word problems including: addition and subtraction word problems , division word problems , multiplication word problems decimals, fractions, percentages, ratio and algebra.

Money word problems in Year 2

Money word problems in year 3, money word problems in year 4, money word problems in year 5, money word problems in year 6.

• Why are word problems important for children’s understanding of money

How to teach money word problem solving in primary school

Money word problems for year 2, money word problems for year 3, money word problems for year 4, money word problems for year 5, money word problems for year 6, more word problems resources.

When children are first introduced to money problems, it is important for them to physically have the money to hold and manipulate, to help solve the problems. As students progress through the school, there is less of a need to have the money physically in their hands. Once they have built confidence in using written calculation methods, they are able to solve more complex problems involving money.

All Kinds of Word Problems

Download this free pack of word problems covering a wide range of maths topics. Perfect for developing your class' problem solving skills!

Children benefit from regular exposure to word problems, alongside any fluency work they are doing. To help you with this, we have put together a collection of 25 money word problems, which can be used with pupils from Year 2 to Year 6.

Children are also exposed to money word problems in Third Space Learning’s online one-to-one tutoring programmes. Adapted to the needs of each individual students, our programmes help to build maths skills and grow confidence in our young mathematicians.

Money word problems in the national curriculum

In Year 2, pupils are introduced to the different coins; learn the symbols for pounds and pence and combine amounts to make a particular value. They work on simple problems in a practical context involving addition word problems , and subtraction word problems of money of the same unit, including giving change.

Pupils in Year 3 continue to build on their understanding of money and its use in a practical context. They progress from adding and subtracting money of the same unit, to working with both pounds and pence; adding and subtracting amounts and giving change. Pupils in Year 3 start to solve simple 2-step calculations, by finding totals and working out how much change would be given.

In Year 4, the curriculum no longer mentions money under measures, but pupils continue to work with money through fractions and decimals. At this stage, pupils are expected to solve simple measures and money problems involving fractions and decimals to two decimal places.

Pupils in Year 5 are becoming more confident with the formal written methods for the four operations and are exposed to money word problems involving all four. They also continue to build on the knowledge of fractions and decimals and are first introduced to percentages through a range of word problems.

By Year 6, money is no longer explicitly mentioned in the curriculum, however pupils are exposed to word problems across a range of concepts, including: the four operations, fractions, decimals and percentage word problems , ratio word problems and algebra.

Why are word problems important for children’s understanding of money

Word problems are essential to children’s understanding of money, because they enable students to use money in a range of contexts they will be using in real-life. Confidence with money is a key life skill and it is important children have plenty of exposure to using it in a wide range of contexts. Money problems give children the opportunity to utilise the skills they have learnt in the maths lessons and put them into context, in a situation they understand and can relate to.

Pupils need to be taught the skills needed to solve word problems. It is essential they understand the importance of reading questions carefully, making sure they fully understand what is being asked. They then need to identify which calculation is required and whether there are any concrete resources or pictorial representations they can use to help them, alongside the coins, such as place value counters and bar models.

Here is an example:

An adult’s ticket to the water park costs £15.50, whilst a children’s ticket cost £9.50.

How much would it cost for 2 adults and 2 children to visit the water park and how much change would they get from £100?

How to solve:

What do you already know?

• We know that an adult ticket costs £15.50 and a child ticket costs £9.50.
• To calculate the cost of both adults, we are going to need to multiply the £15.50 by 2, or add £15.50 and £15.50.
• We will also need to do the same with the child’s ticket, costing £9.50.
• Once we have calculated the total cost of both adults and both children, we’ll need to add these answers together, to establish the total cost for the whole family.
• To calculate the amount of money from £100, we will need to subtract the total cost for the family from £100.

How can this be represented pictorially?

• We can draw bar models to represent the cost of the adult tickets, child tickets and the total for the family.
• We can then use the answer from the third bar model to represent finding how much change from £100.
• We can see from these bar models that there would be £50 left once the family had paid to enter the waterpark.

Money word problems in Year 2 require students to recognise coins and use the symbols for pounds and pence. Children solve real world problems –  finding totals and calculating change when working with the same unit (pounds or pence). 

Mason buys a pen for 14p and a rubber for 8p. How much does he spend altogether?

Answer: 22p

14 + 8 = 22

Maisie gets 20p from the tooth fairy. She already had 16p.

How much does she have now?

Answer: 36p

20 + 16 = 36

Maisie has 3 coins.

She has 16p in total.

Which 3 coins must she have?

Answer: 10p, 5p and 1p

10 + 5 + 1 = 16

Maryam spends 28p on a bag of sweets.

She gets 12p change.

How much did she pay for the bag of sweets?

Answer: 40p

28 + 12 = 40p

Hamza has two 20p coins.

He buys a chocolate bar for 30p.

How much change does he get?

Answer: 10p change

20 + 20 = 40

40 – 30 = 10

Word problems for year 3 build upon the knowledge from year 2,  solving word problems involving both pounds and pence together and calculating change. At this stage, children should be using decimal notation for amounts of money and using both formal and informal methods to add and subtract money amounts in pounds and pence.

(Pictures of 1p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p and £1 coins here)

Jamie has the coins above in his wallet. If he takes out 3 coins, what is the highest amount he could take out of his wallet?

Answer: £1.70

£1 + 50p + 20p

Noah buys 2 chocolate bars for £1.35 each and a packet of crisps for 45p.

How much does he spend altogether?

Answer: £3.15

1.35 x 2 = 2.70

2.70 + 45 = 315

Tickets for the school fair are £1.50 for children and £2.50 for adults.

How much will it cost for family of 2 adults and 2 children to go to the fair?

1.50 x 2 = 3

2.50 x 2 = 5

Jackson buys 4 apples for 30p each and 2 bananas for 25p each.

30 x 4 = 120

25 x 2 = 50

120 + 50 = 170

Amaya had £10 to spend at a carboot sale.

She bought 2 books for £1.20 each and a pack of pens for £1.50,

How much money did she have left at the end?

Answer: £6.10

Children should be able to solve each part mentally, by adding the pounds and then the pence.

1.20 +1.20 = 2.40

2.40 + 1.50 = 3.90

To work out how much change Amaya would get, children can count up from £3.90 to £10.00. They will find this easier than subtracting £3.90 from £10.00.

10.00 – 3.90 = 6.10

With word problems for year 4 , pupils need to be able to order amounts of money, using rounding to estimate and calculate using the four operations. They also encounter money maths problems through other concepts, such as fractions.

Sam bought a T-shirt for £18.50 and a hoodie for £24.99. How much did he spend in total?

Answer: £43.49

Show as column method: 18.50 + 24.99 = 43.49

• Pizza: £2.99
• Burger: £2.50
• Hot dog: £1.80
• Fries: 1.25

Chloe took her best friend out to celebrate her birthday.

She bought a pizza, a burger and 2 portions of fries.

How much did she spend altogether?

Answer: £7.99

Show as column method:

2.99 + 2.50 = 5.49

1.25 x 2 = 2.50

5.59 + 2.50 = 7.99

Mason won £500 in a competition.

He decided to give ⅕ of the prize to his sister, ⅕ to his brother and ⅕ to his parents.

How much money did he keep for himself?

⅕ of 500 = 100

He gave ⅗ away and kept ⅖ for himself. ⅖ of 500 = 200

A school paid 4p for every worksheet printed out on the photocopier

Teachers printed out 560 maths worksheets in one week.

How much did the school spend, printing out the worksheets?

Answer: £22.40

560 x 4 = 2240

2240p = £22.40

Sara had £100 to spend on clothes. 

She bought a pair of jeans for £44.50 and a top for £35.99

How much money did Sara have left?

Answer: £19.51

44.50 + 35.99 = 80.49

100 – 80.49 = 19.51

Word problems for year 5 include the four operations, but with larger numbers than pupils were working with in Lower Key Stage 2. They are also presented to students through fraction word problems , decimal and percentages topics 

Mr Smith spends £5,999 on a car and £3,899 on a caravan.

Answer: £9,898

Show as column addition:

5999 + 3899 = 9898

Oliver is saving to buy a laptop costing £1250.

He has saved ⅖ of the money he needs. How much more does he need to save to buy the laptop?

Answer: £750

⅕ = 1250 ÷ 5 = £250

Mason saves £9 every week, from carrying out jobs around the house.

He is saving to buy a new phone, costing £370.

How many weeks will it take him to save enough money to buy the phone?

Answer: Mason will need to save for 42 weeks

Show as bus stop division: 370 ÷ 9  =   41 r1

Amber is at the fun fair.

Her favourite ride costs £2.75. She goes on that 5 times and buys a packet of doughnuts for £1.80.

If she had £20 to spend, how much money does she have left at the end?

Answer: £4.45

2.75 x 5 = 13.75

13.75 + 1.80 = £15.55

20.00 – 15.55 = 4.45

Jemma is calculating how much it will cost her to buy party bags for all the friends who come to her party.

Each party bag costs £3.75 and she has 9 friends coming to her party.

How much will she need to pay for the 9 party bags in total?

Answer: £33.75

Show as column multiplication: 3.75 x 9 = 33.75

With word problems for year 6 , pupils encounter multi-step word problems and those involving larger amounts of money and cover a range of concepts, including: the 4 operations, fractions, decimals, percentages, ratio and algebra. Money word problems are often included in the KS2 reasoning SATs papers.

Mr and Mrs Jackson are buying a new house. 

The house costs £425,999 to buy and they have a deposit of £84,000 from the sale of their last house.

How much more will they have to borrow, to be able to buy the house?

Answer: £341,999

425,999 – 84,000 = 341,999

The cost for all 90 Year 6 pupils to visit the outward bounds centre for the day is £2,430

How much does it cost per child?

Answer: £27

Show as long division:

2430 ÷ 90 = 27

A car decreases in value by 23% in one year. If it was worth £10,000 when it was bought. How much is it worth now?

Answer: £7,700

10% of 10,000 = £1,000

20% of £10,000 = £2000

1% of £10,000 = 100

3% of £10,000 = 300

10,000 – 2300 = 7,700

Mr Lampard was budgeting for the month,

He needed to pay: 

• £240 council tax
• £150 for gas and electricity
• £45 for water
• £38 for internet and phone line
• £125 petrol

After tax he earns £3200 per month.

How much does he have left over for food, social activities and saving.

Answer: £1802

Total spent:

800 + 240 + 150 + 45 + 38 + 125 = 1398

3200 – 1398 = 1802

£60 is shared between Abbie, Ben and Carly, as a ratio of 2:3:7

How much does each person get?

Answer: Abbie: £10, Ben: £15, Carly: £35

60 ÷ 12 = 5

Looking for more word problems on a range of topics? Take a look at our collection of time word problems .

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Year 3 Money Worksheets pdf

Year 3 money worksheets pdf - Learn how to add US dollar values in a printable math worksheet. Apply addition skills in solving money problems. Using money is something we all do on a daily basis. Click to print and practice.

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Free and Printable Year 3 Money Worksheets For Kids

• Canadian Money - Math worksheets
• Canadian coins - CAD 1
• Canadian coins - CAD 2
• Canadian coins - CAD 3
• Canadian coins - CAD 4
• Canadian coins - CAD 5
• Euro - Money - Math worksheets on identifying coins
• Euros - adding coins 1
• Euros - adding coins 2
• Euros - adding coins 3
• Euros - adding coins 4
• Euro - Money word problems worksheet
• British Pounds - Money worksheets
• I dentifying and adding coins 1
• dentifying and adding coins 2
• dentifying and adding coins 3
• dentifying and adding coins 4
• USA Money - Dollars, cents etc
• USD word problem worksheet 1
• USD word problem worksheet 2
• USD word problem worksheet 3
• USD word problem worksheet 4
• um up coins worksheets 1
• Sum up coins worksheets 2
• Sum up coins worksheets 3
• Sum up coins worksheets 4
• Sum up coins worksheets 5
• Sum up coins worksheets 6
• Sum up coins worksheets 7
• Money and buying things
• Money - Coins - Dime
• Money - Coins - Nickel & Dime
• Money - Coins - Nickel & Penny
• Money - Coins - Nickel & Quarter
• Money - Coins - Nickel
• Money - Coins -Penny & Dime
• Money - Coins - Peny & Nickel
• Money - Coins - Penny & Quarter
• Money - Coins - Penny, Dime & Nickel
• Money - Coins - Penny
• Money - Coins - Quarter & Dime
• Money - Coins - Quarter,Dime, Nickel & penny
• Money - Coins - Quarter

Many online resources offer free and printable versions of Year 3 money worksheets for your child to use. These money-related activities help children learn how to count coins and bills, compare coins of the same value, and order money. These worksheets are graded and include an answer sheet. The Year 3 worksheets for kids can help them develop basic math skills in a fun way. 

For the more advanced student, there are free printables available online. Each money-related worksheet has eight problems that include identifying coins and finding the sum of their values. This includes counting dimes, nickels, and quarters. There are also seven problems that help students count dollar bills with $20. For more challenging exercises, there are five problems on adding and subtracting coins, and 14 on calculating the amount of change you will get from one purchase.

Free printable worksheets are available for Grade 3 students. These worksheets are a great way for students to practice their skills in using money math. They are easy to use and can be used as a substitute for fake Monopoly money. Most of these resources include a variety of coins and bills from one cent to one hundred dollars. While the content is simple, the lessons are very important for young children. These resources will help them learn the skills they need to deal with the real world.

Having the right worksheet is essential for your child's math learning. These printable money worksheets are designed to help kids learn the difference between one dollar bills and another. They are also useful when students are learning to read and understand word problems. They will gain a deeper understanding of how money works and how much they can spend on different things. If you want to get started with the basics, you can download a free PDF version of Year 3 money worksheets for your child today.

Students will also use these worksheets to learn how to round up to the nearest dollar. Some of these resources are available in a variety of formats. If you prefer a printable version, you can choose a PDF or html file. Several printable PDF versions will help your student practice math. For younger children, you can find a number of different printables to use.

With the help of these worksheets, your child can practice these skills and build their confidence in dealing with different types of money. 

Start helping your parents with shopping and learn how to calculate your change when buying candies. These worksheets are all free and have an answer key attached.

We offer PDF printables in the highest quality.

• Preschool/kindergarten
• Grade 1 worksheets.
• Grade 2 - 6 Worksheets

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Money Consolidation Year 3 Spring Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving

Money consolidation year 3 spring block 2 questions.

These Money worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 3 Spring Block 2.

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What's included in the pack?

This pack includes:

• Money Consolidation Year 3 Spring Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving worksheets (includes answers).

National Curriculum Objectives

Mathematics Year 3: (3M9a) Add and subtract amounts of money to give change, using both £ and p in practical contexts

Small Steps:

Pounds and pence Converting pounds and pence Adding Money Subtracting Money Giving Change

​​​This resource is available to download with a Premium subscription.

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A garrison of 600 men has just enough bread ... but, with the news that the enemy was planning an attack... How many ounces of bread a day must each man in the garrison be allowed, to hold out 45 days against the siege of the enemy?

The Puzzling Sweet Shop

There were chews for 2p, mini eggs for 3p, Chocko bars for 5p and lollypops for 7p in the sweet shop. What could each of the children buy with their money?

Buying a Balloon

Lolla bought a balloon at the circus. She gave the clown six coins to pay for it. What could Lolla have paid for the balloon?

Ben has five coins in his pocket. How much money might he have?

Charitable Pennies

Investigate the different ways that fifteen schools could have given money in a charity fundraiser.

Money Line-up

In this game for two players, the aim is to make a row of four coins which total one dollar.

What is the smallest number of coins needed to make up 12 dollars and 83 cents?

2010: A Year of Investigations

This article for teachers suggests ideas for activities built around 10 and 2010.

At the Pumps

How will you find out how much a tank of petrol costs?

Five More Coins

Could Ben have any amount of money between 5p and £2 in his pocket if he has five coins?

The Money Maze

Go through the maze, collecting and losing your money as you go. Which route gives you the highest return? And the lowest?

History of Money

If you would like a new CD you would probably go into a shop and buy one using coins or notes. (You might need to do a bit of saving first!) However, this way of paying for the things you want did not always exist. Find out more ...

Money Problems?

Marion Bond investigates the skills needed in order for children to understand money.

Chocoholics

George and Jim want to buy a chocolate bar. George needs 2p more and Jim need 50p more to buy it. How much is the chocolate bar?

Roasting Old Chestnuts 4

For teachers. Yet more school maths from long ago-interest and percentages.

Here are the prices for 1st and 2nd class mail within the UK. You have an unlimited number of each of these stamps. Which stamps would you need to post a parcel weighing 825g?

Thirty Nine, Seventy Five

We have exactly 100 coins. There are five different values of coins. We have decided to buy a piece of computer software for 39.75. We have the correct money, not a penny more, not a penny less! Can you discover what the five different types of coins are worth and how many of each we have saved?

Christmas Shopping

Vera is shopping at a market with these coins in her purse. Which things could she give exactly the right amount for?

Tennessee bill to ban slavery reparations draws opposition

M EMPHIS, Tenn. ( WREG ) — A Memphis pastor has started a petition against a bill that would prohibit the study of reparations for descendants of slaves in Tennessee, and in two days, it has more than 500 signatures.

State Sen. Brent Taylor, a Shelby County Republican, is sponsoring the Senate version of the bill, SB0429 .

An amendment to the bill, added and passes in the Senate one year ago, prohibits local governments from exploring or implementing reparations for historical slavery and its ongoing impacts. It states:

AMENDMENT No. 1 rewrites this bill to prohibit a county, municipality, or metropolitan government from expending funds for the purposes of studying or disbursing reparations. As used in this amendment, “reparations” means money or benefits provided to individuals who are the descendants of persons who were enslaved.

Taylor says this issue should be resolved on a national level and local tax dollars should not be spent researching reparations.

Reverend Earle Fisher, senior pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, says money isn’t the real issue.

“This is not about money. This is about ideology. This is about political power,” Fisher said. “This is about people who are hell-bent on maintaining racial and economic inequities across the state and they are scared to death that the truth would come out.  So, they don’t want anybody to study it.”

Taylor says the subject is significant, but the local government won’t be able to solve the problem.

 “I will make very clear our vote today does not pass judgment on reparations. That is a very significant and very important issue for many people in our country, but it is an issue that belongs to the federal government and does not belong to our cities and counties and I think it’s inappropriate for our cities and counties tax dollars to go to such an issue,” Taylor said.

“If the state of Tennessee has hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars in a surplus, surplus means we are taking care of all of our financial responsibilities, and this is how much money we have left over. We can even call it expendable income,” Fisher said. “There are other entities and organizations that get 25 times that to do something most of us will probably say is a lot less significant.”

The bill is scheduled to go before the House for voting next Wednesday. The petition opposing the bill can be found here.

For the latest news, weather, sports, and streaming video, head to WPRI.com.

Netflix's hit sci-fi series '3 Body Problem' is based on a real math problem that is so complex it's impossible to solve

• The three-body problem is a centuries-old physics question that puzzled Isaac Newton .
• It describes the orbits of three bodies, like planets or stars, trapped in each other's gravity.
• The problem is unsolvable and led to the development of chaos theory.

While Netflix's "3 Body Problem" is a science-fiction show, its name comes from a real math problem that's puzzled scientists since the late 1600s.

In physics, the three-body problem refers to the motion of three bodies trapped in each other's gravitational grip — like a three-star system.

It might sound simple enough, but once you dig into the mathematics, the orbital paths of each object get complicated very quickly.

Two-body vs. three- and multi-body systems

A simpler version is a two-body system like binary stars. Two-body systems have periodic orbits, meaning they are mathematically predictable because they follow the same trajectory over and over. So, if you have the stars' initial positions and velocities, you can calculate where they've been or will be in space far into the past and future.

However, "throwing in a third body that's close enough to interact leads to chaos," Shane Ross, an aerospace and ocean engineering professor at Virginia Tech, told Business Insider. In fact, it's nearly impossible to precisely predict the orbital paths of any system with three bodies or more.

While two orbiting planets might look like a ven diagram with ovular paths overlapping, the paths of three bodies interacting often resemble tangled spaghetti. Their trajectories usually aren't as stable as systems with only two bodies.

All that uncertainty makes what's known as the three-body problem largely unsolvable, Ross said. But there are certain exceptions.

The three-body problem is over 300 years old

The three-body problem dates back to Isaac Newton , who published his "Principia" in 1687.

In the book, the mathematician noted that the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun. Yet the gravitational pull from Jupiter seemed to affect Saturn's orbital path.

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The three-body problem didn't just affect distant planets. Trying to understand the variations in the moon's movements caused Newton literal headaches, he complained.

But Newton never fully figured out the three-body problem. And it remained a mathematical mystery for nearly 200 years.

In 1889, a Swedish journal awarded mathematician Henri Poincaré a gold medal and 2,500 Swedish crowns, roughly half a year's salary for a professor at the time, for his essay about the three-body problem that outlined the basis for an entirely new mathematical theory called chaos theory .

According to chaos theory, when there is uncertainty about a system's initial conditions, like an object's mass or velocity, that uncertainty ripples out, making the future more and more unpredictable.

Think of it like taking a wrong turn on a trip. If you make a left instead of a right at the end of your journey, you're probably closer to your destination than if you made the mistake at the very beginning.

Can you solve the three-body problem?

Cracking the three-body problem would help scientists chart the movements of meteors and planets, including Earth, into the extremely far future. Even comparatively small movements of our planet could have large impacts on our climate, Ross said.

Though the three-body problem is considered mathematically unsolvable, there are solutions to specific scenarios. In fact, there are a few that mathematicians have found.

For example, three bodies could stably orbit in a figure eight or equally spaced around a ring. Both are possible depending on the initial positions and velocities of the bodies.

One way researchers look for solutions is with " restricted " three-body problems, where two main bodies (like the sun and Earth) interact and a third object with much smaller mass (like the moon) offers less gravitational interference. In this case, the three-body problem looks a lot like a two-body problem since the sun and Earth comprise the majority of mass in the system.

However, if you're looking at a three-star system, like the one in Netflix's show "3 Body Problem," that's a lot more complicated.

Computers can also run simulations far more efficiently than humans, though due to the inherent uncertainties, the results are typically approximate orbits instead of exact.

Finding solutions to three-body problems is also essential to space travel, Ross said. For his work, he inputs data about the Earth, moon, and spacecraft into a computer. "We can build up a whole library of possible trajectories," he said, "and that gives us an idea of the types of motion that are possible."

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