interview for research nurse

25 Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions and Answers

Learn what skills and qualities interviewers are looking for from a clinical research nurse, what questions you can expect, and how you should go about answering them.

Clinical research nurses are responsible for conducting research studies on new drugs and treatments in a hospital setting. They work with patients who are willing to participate in a clinical trial and help to monitor their progress.

If you are a registered nurse who is interested in working in the clinical research field, you will likely need to go through a job interview. During your interview, you will likely be asked a variety of questions about your clinical experience, as well as your research experience. You may also be asked questions about your willingness to participate in clinical trials.

To help you prepare for your interview, we have put together a list of common clinical research nurse interview questions and answers.

Are you certified in any research areas?
What are some of the most important qualities for a clinical research nurse?
How would you describe the relationship between a clinical research nurse and a patient?
What is your experience with administering medications?
Provide an example of a time when you had to deal with a difficult patient.
If a patient dropped out of a study, how would you handle it?
What would you do if you noticed a mistake in a patient’s medical records?
How well do you communicate with other healthcare professionals?
Do you have experience working with children?
When is it appropriate to seek outside help for a patient?
We want to improve our diversity in the workplace. How can you contribute to this goal?
Describe your process for documenting a patient’s medical history.
What makes you stand out from other candidates?
Which areas of research are you most interested in?
What do you think is the most important aspect of a clinical research nurse’s job?
How often do you perform check-ups on patients?
There is a new treatment that has shown promising results in early trials. How would you decide whether to include it in a study?
What techniques do you use to ensure accuracy and consistency in data collection?
How would you handle a situation where a patient refuses to participate in a study?
Describe your experience with working with research protocols.
Explain how you collaborate with other healthcare professionals on treatment plans.
Are there any ethical considerations that you take into account when conducting clinical research?
How do you stay up-to-date with the latest developments in clinical research?
Have you ever had to deal with an emergency situation during a trial?
In what ways can clinical research nurses help improve patient outcomes?

1. Are you certified in any research areas?

The interviewer may ask this question to see if you have any certifications that are relevant to the position. If you do, share what your certification is and how it applies to the job. If you don’t have a certification, explain why you aren’t certified in research nursing.

Example: “Yes, I am certified in a number of research areas. I have my Clinical Research Nurse certification from the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). This certification is evidence that I have met the highest standards for clinical research nurses and demonstrates my commitment to providing quality care to patients participating in clinical trials. In addition, I am also certified as an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), which provides me with additional knowledge and skills related to research protocols and data analysis. Finally, I have completed several courses in research methodology and biostatistics, giving me a strong foundation in designing and conducting clinical studies.”

2. What are some of the most important qualities for a clinical research nurse?

This question can help the interviewer determine if you have the necessary skills and abilities to succeed in this role. Use your answer to highlight your communication, organization and time management skills as well as your ability to work under pressure.

Example: “The most important qualities for a clinical research nurse are excellent communication skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work independently.

Excellent communication skills are essential in order to effectively communicate with patients, physicians, and other members of the healthcare team. As a clinical research nurse, I understand the importance of being able to clearly explain study protocols and answer any questions that may arise.

Attention to detail is also critical when conducting clinical research. It’s important to be able to accurately document patient data and follow all study procedures. In my current role as a clinical research nurse, I have demonstrated my ability to pay close attention to detail and ensure accuracy in all documentation.

Lastly, it is important for a clinical research nurse to be able to work independently. This requires strong organizational skills and the ability to prioritize tasks. Throughout my career, I have consistently shown my ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously while meeting deadlines.”

3. How would you describe the relationship between a clinical research nurse and a patient?

This question can help interviewers understand your interpersonal skills and how you interact with patients. It’s important to show that you value the patient’s experience and are willing to work hard to make sure they feel comfortable throughout their time in the clinical research facility.

Example: “The relationship between a clinical research nurse and a patient is one of trust, collaboration, and mutual respect. As a clinical research nurse, I strive to create an environment where the patient feels comfortable sharing their health information with me in order to ensure that the best possible care is provided. It is my responsibility to provide accurate and up-to-date information about the study or trial so that the patient can make an informed decision.

I also work to build a rapport with each patient by listening to their concerns and answering any questions they may have. This helps to foster a sense of trust between us, which is essential for successful clinical research. Finally, it is important to remember that the patient’s safety and well-being are always my top priority, and I take this responsibility very seriously.”

4. What is your experience with administering medications?

This question can help the interviewer determine your experience with a specific skill that is important for this role. If you have previous experience administering medications, share what types of medications you administered and how often you did so. If you do not have any experience, you can talk about your ability to follow instructions carefully and accurately.

Example: “I have extensive experience administering medications to patients in clinical research settings. During my time as a Clinical Research Nurse, I have been responsible for preparing and administering medication according to the protocol of each study. This includes ensuring that all necessary paperwork is completed accurately and on time, as well as monitoring patient responses to the medication. I am also familiar with safety protocols related to the administration of medications and take great care to ensure that these are followed at all times.

In addition, I have experience training other nurses in proper medication administration techniques, including how to properly document any changes or side effects observed during the course of treatment. My attention to detail and commitment to providing quality care make me an ideal candidate for this position.”

5. Provide an example of a time when you had to deal with a difficult patient.

Interviewers ask this question to see how you handle challenging situations. They want to know that you can remain calm and professional in these types of scenarios. In your answer, try to show the interviewer that you are able to stay positive while also remaining firm with patients who may be difficult.

Example: “I recently had to deal with a difficult patient while working as a Clinical Research Nurse. The patient was an elderly woman who was participating in a clinical trial for a new medication. She was very resistant to the idea of taking part in the trial and expressed her concerns about the potential side effects.

In order to address her concerns, I took the time to explain the details of the trial and the safety protocols that were in place. I also provided her with additional information on the drug and its potential benefits. After listening to my explanation, she agreed to participate in the trial and eventually completed it successfully.

This experience taught me the importance of being patient and understanding when dealing with difficult patients. It also reinforced my belief that clear communication is essential for successful outcomes. With this knowledge, I am confident that I can handle any challenging situation that may arise in the future.”

6. If a patient dropped out of a study, how would you handle it?

This question can help interviewers understand how you handle conflict and challenges. It’s important to show that you’re willing to take responsibility for your actions, even if the patient is no longer participating in the study.

Example: “If a patient dropped out of a study, I would first ensure that the patient was safe and had all necessary resources to continue their care. Then, I would review the protocol to determine if any additional follow-up or data collection is required from the patient. If so, I would contact the patient directly to discuss the situation and explain why it is important for them to complete the study requirements. If the patient cannot be reached or refuses to participate further, I would document the reasons for the dropout in the patient’s medical record. Finally, I would report the dropout to the principal investigator and other relevant personnel in accordance with the protocol.”

7. What would you do if you noticed a mistake in a patient’s medical records?

This question can help interviewers assess your attention to detail and ability to work independently. In your answer, explain how you would correct the mistake and what steps you would take to ensure it doesn’t happen again.

Example: “If I noticed a mistake in a patient’s medical records, my first priority would be to ensure the safety of the patient. I would immediately contact the appropriate healthcare provider and inform them of the error. I would then work with the provider to determine the best course of action to correct the mistake. This could include revising the record or contacting other relevant parties to update their information. As a Clinical Research Nurse, it is important that I am thorough and accurate when dealing with patient records. I understand the importance of accuracy and take any mistakes seriously. I would also document all steps taken to rectify the mistake so that there is a clear record of what was done to correct the issue.”

8. How well do you communicate with other healthcare professionals?

Clinical research nurses often work with other healthcare professionals, such as doctors and pharmacists. Employers ask this question to make sure you can communicate effectively with these people. Use your answer to show that you are a good communicator. Explain how you use different methods of communication to share information with others.

Example: “I believe that effective communication is essential for successful healthcare delivery. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I understand the importance of communicating with other healthcare professionals in order to ensure that all patients receive the best care possible.

In my current role as a Clinical Research Nurse, I have developed excellent relationships with colleagues from various disciplines and have worked collaboratively on numerous projects. I am comfortable discussing complex medical topics with members of the multidisciplinary team, including physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory technicians. I also regularly attend meetings with stakeholders and provide updates on research progress.”

9. Do you have experience working with children?

Clinical research nurses often work with children, so employers ask this question to make sure you have experience working with them. If you do not have direct experience, you can talk about how you would approach the situation if you did.

Example: “Yes, I have experience working with children. During my time as a Clinical Research Nurse, I worked on several pediatric clinical trials. My responsibilities included recruiting and screening participants, administering treatments, collecting data, and educating families about the trial. I also had the opportunity to work closely with the research team to ensure that all protocols were followed correctly and that the safety of the participants was always maintained.

I found this type of work to be incredibly rewarding because it gave me the chance to make a difference in the lives of young patients. I am passionate about providing quality care for children and their families during these difficult times. I believe that my knowledge and experience would be an asset to any organization looking to provide excellent care for its youngest patients.”

10. When is it appropriate to seek outside help for a patient?

Interviewers may ask this question to assess your ability to make clinical decisions. They want to know that you can recognize when a patient needs help and are willing to seek it from someone else in the medical field or even outside of it. In your answer, explain how you would decide whether to refer a patient for additional care.

Example: “As a Clinical Research Nurse, it is important to be able to recognize when a patient requires additional help or resources. It is appropriate to seek outside help for a patient when the nurse feels that they are unable to provide the necessary care and support needed. This could include referring the patient to a specialist or other healthcare provider if their condition warrants it. In addition, if the patient has any mental health concerns or needs assistance with lifestyle changes, then seeking out a psychologist or nutritionist may be beneficial. Finally, if the patient is in need of financial assistance, then connecting them with local resources such as food banks or government programs can be helpful. Ultimately, it is essential for nurses to be aware of all available options so that they can make an informed decision about what type of help is best for the patient.”

11. We want to improve our diversity in the workplace. How can you contribute to this goal?

The interviewer may ask this question to learn more about your commitment to diversity in the workplace. They want to know how you can help their organization achieve its goals for diversity and inclusion. In your answer, explain what steps you have taken or would take to ensure that everyone feels welcome at work.

Example: “I understand the importance of diversity in the workplace and I am committed to helping create a more inclusive environment. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I have experience working with people from different backgrounds and cultures. My ability to build strong relationships with colleagues and patients has enabled me to provide quality care regardless of their background or identity.

In addition, my knowledge of healthcare regulations and ethical standards ensures that all individuals receive equal treatment. I strive to ensure that everyone is treated fairly and respectfully while providing the best possible patient care. Furthermore, I believe that by embracing diversity we can foster an environment where everyone feels comfortable and respected.”

12. Describe your process for documenting a patient’s medical history.

The interviewer may ask you this question to assess your organizational skills and attention to detail. This is an important skill for clinical research nurses because they must document their patients’ medical histories accurately, which can be time-consuming. To answer this question, describe the steps you take when documenting a patient’s medical history.

Example: “When documenting a patient’s medical history, I like to start by gathering as much information as possible. This includes asking the patient about their current and past medical conditions, medications they are taking, allergies, family history, lifestyle habits, etc. Once I have all of this information, I document it in the patient’s chart or electronic health record. I make sure that all of the relevant details are included so that the physician can easily access the information when needed.

I also take into account any special considerations such as language barriers, cultural differences, or physical limitations. If there is anything that could potentially affect the patient’s care, I make sure to note it in the documentation. Finally, I review the documentation with the patient to ensure accuracy and understanding.”

13. What makes you stand out from other candidates?

This question is your opportunity to show the interviewer that you have unique skills and abilities. It’s important to highlight a skill or quality that makes you an ideal candidate for this role, but it can also be helpful to mention something that sets you apart from other clinical research nurses.

Example: “I believe my experience and qualifications make me stand out from other candidates. I have over 10 years of experience in clinical research nursing, with a strong background in patient care, data collection, and protocol implementation. My expertise includes working on both large-scale multi-site studies as well as smaller single site trials. I am also certified in Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and have extensive knowledge of the regulations and guidelines related to clinical research.

In addition to my professional experience, I bring an enthusiasm for learning new skills and staying up-to-date with industry trends. I regularly attend conferences and webinars to stay informed about the latest developments in clinical research. I’m also highly organized and detail-oriented, which makes me an asset when it comes to managing multiple projects at once. Finally, I have excellent communication and interpersonal skills that allow me to effectively collaborate with colleagues, sponsors, and patients.”

14. Which areas of research are you most interested in?

This question can help the interviewer determine if your interests align with the research goals of their organization. It also helps them understand whether you have a specific area of expertise or are willing to learn new things. When answering this question, it can be helpful to mention an interest that is relevant to the position and describe how you would apply it in your role as a clinical research nurse.

Example: “I am most interested in clinical research that focuses on improving patient outcomes. I believe that the best way to make a difference in healthcare is by conducting research that can be used to develop better treatments and therapies for patients. My experience as a Clinical Research Nurse has allowed me to gain an understanding of how research can be used to improve patient care.

I have worked on several projects related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. In addition, I have conducted studies to evaluate new medications and treatments for various conditions. Through my work, I have gained a strong knowledge of the regulatory requirements associated with clinical research and understand the importance of adhering to ethical guidelines.”

15. What do you think is the most important aspect of a clinical research nurse’s job?

This question is a great way for the interviewer to assess your understanding of what it means to be a clinical research nurse. It also allows you to show them that you know how important this role is and how much value you can add to their organization. When answering, make sure to emphasize the importance of accuracy and attention to detail in this position.

Example: “I believe the most important aspect of a clinical research nurse’s job is to ensure that all research protocols are followed accurately and safely. As a clinical research nurse, I understand the importance of adhering to regulations and guidelines set forth by the governing bodies. It is my responsibility to make sure that all research activities are conducted in accordance with these standards. Furthermore, it is essential for me to be knowledgeable about the research process and any potential risks associated with the study. Finally, I must be able to effectively communicate with both the research team and the participants involved in the study. By doing so, I can help ensure that the research is conducted ethically and efficiently.”

16. How often do you perform check-ups on patients?

Clinical research nurses often perform check-ups on patients to ensure they are comfortable and safe during the study. The interviewer wants to know how you handle these responsibilities, as well as if you have any experience doing so. Use examples from your previous job to show that you can do this effectively.

Example: “I understand the importance of regularly checking up on patients to ensure their safety and well-being. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I have extensive experience in performing check-ups on patients. Depending on the study protocol, I typically perform check-ups on patients at least once per week or more often if needed. During these check-ups, I assess vital signs, review any adverse events that may have occurred, and provide patient education as necessary. I also document all findings in the patient’s medical record for accurate tracking. My goal is always to ensure that the patient is safe and comfortable throughout the duration of the study.”

17. There is a new treatment that has shown promising results in early trials. How would you decide whether to include it in a study?

This question can help interviewers understand your decision-making process and how you apply critical thinking skills to clinical research. Use examples from past experience that show you have the ability to make important decisions in a timely manner.

Example: “When deciding whether to include a new treatment in a study, I would first evaluate the data from the early trials. This includes looking at the results of the trial and any adverse effects that were reported. I would also consider the potential risks and benefits for participants by researching the available literature on the treatment. After evaluating all of this information, I would then discuss it with my colleagues and make an informed decision about whether or not to include the treatment in the study. Finally, I would ensure that the protocol is followed correctly and that all safety measures are taken into account before making a final decision.”

18. What techniques do you use to ensure accuracy and consistency in data collection?

Accuracy and consistency are two important factors in clinical research. The interviewer may ask this question to assess your attention to detail, which is an essential skill for a clinical research nurse. In your answer, describe the methods you use to ensure accuracy and consistency when collecting data from patients.

Example: “I understand the importance of accuracy and consistency in data collection, which is why I use a variety of techniques to ensure that the data collected is accurate and consistent. Firstly, I make sure that all research protocols are followed precisely and that any changes or deviations from the protocol are documented and reported. Secondly, I double-check all data entries for accuracy before submitting them. Finally, I regularly review the data collected to identify any discrepancies or inconsistencies. This helps me to quickly address any issues and ensure that the data collected is reliable and valid.”

19. How would you handle a situation where a patient refuses to participate in a study?

Clinical research nurses often encounter patients who are reluctant to participate in a study. Employers ask this question to make sure you have the interpersonal skills necessary to convince patients to participate and complete their assigned tasks. In your answer, explain how you would approach the situation with the patient and try to understand why they’re hesitant to participate. Explain that you would do everything possible to ensure the patient’s comfort and safety throughout the study.

Example: “If a patient refuses to participate in a study, I would first take the time to understand why they are refusing. It is important to listen to their concerns and provide them with accurate information about the study so that they can make an informed decision. If necessary, I would also be willing to discuss alternative options for participating in the research.

I believe it is essential to maintain a respectful and professional attitude when dealing with patients who refuse to participate in a study. This helps ensure that the patient feels comfortable expressing their opinion without feeling judged or pressured into making a certain decision. Furthermore, I would document any conversations I have with the patient regarding the study in order to keep an accurate record of our interactions.”

20. Describe your experience with working with research protocols.

This question is an opportunity to show your interviewer that you have experience with working in a clinical research setting. Use examples from your previous work or include information about the protocols you’ve worked with and how they helped you complete your job duties.

Example: “I have extensive experience working with research protocols. I have been a Clinical Research Nurse for the past five years, and during that time I have worked on numerous clinical trials and research studies. My primary duties involve creating and implementing study protocols, collecting data from participants, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. I am familiar with all aspects of research protocol development, including designing questionnaires, developing recruitment strategies, and managing patient safety throughout the trial.

In addition to my experience in research protocols, I also bring strong organizational skills and attention to detail. I am comfortable working independently as well as collaboratively with other team members. I am confident that I can use my knowledge and experience to help ensure successful completion of any research project.”

21. Explain how you collaborate with other healthcare professionals on treatment plans.

Clinical research nurses often work with other healthcare professionals to develop treatment plans for their patients. Employers ask this question to make sure you can collaborate effectively and communicate well with your team members. In your answer, explain how you plan to work with the rest of the clinical research team. Explain that you will be open to receiving feedback from your colleagues and using it to improve your own work.

Example: “I understand the importance of collaboration when it comes to developing and executing treatment plans. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I have experience working with a variety of healthcare professionals including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dietitians, social workers, and other allied health professionals.

When collaborating on treatment plans, I take an active role in gathering information from each team member to ensure that all perspectives are taken into consideration. I then use this information to develop a comprehensive plan that takes into account the patient’s individual needs and preferences. I also make sure to keep everyone informed throughout the process by regularly providing updates and seeking feedback. Finally, I work closely with the team to ensure that the plan is implemented correctly and that any changes or modifications are communicated effectively.”

22. Are there any ethical considerations that you take into account when conducting clinical research?

Ethical considerations are an important part of clinical research. The interviewer may ask this question to see if you have experience with ethical considerations and how you apply them in your work. In your answer, explain what ethical considerations are and give examples of when you’ve applied them in your past roles.

Example: “Absolutely. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I understand the importance of ethical considerations when conducting clinical research. It is my responsibility to ensure that all participants in the study are treated with respect and dignity, and that their rights as human beings are not violated. I take into account any relevant laws or regulations governing the conduct of clinical research and make sure that these are followed at all times. I also strive to protect the safety of participants by ensuring that informed consent is obtained before beginning any research activities. Finally, I am committed to maintaining the confidentiality of participant information, both during and after the completion of the study.”

23. How do you stay up-to-date with the latest developments in clinical research?

This question can help the interviewer determine how passionate you are about your field and whether you’re willing to learn new things. Your answer should include a few ways that you stay up-to-date with clinical research developments, such as reading journals or attending conferences.

Example: “I stay up-to-date with the latest developments in clinical research by attending conferences, reading industry publications, and networking with other professionals in the field. I also take advantage of online resources such as webinars and podcasts to learn about new trends and best practices. Finally, I make sure to keep my certifications current, so that I’m always aware of any changes or advancements in the field. By staying informed and engaged, I am able to provide the most effective care for my patients and contribute to the success of the research projects I’m involved in.”

24. Have you ever had to deal with an emergency situation during a trial?

Clinical research nurses often work with patients who are in critical condition. Employers ask this question to make sure you have experience working under pressure and can handle emergency situations. In your answer, explain how you handled the situation and what steps you took to ensure the patient’s safety.

Example: “Yes, I have had to deal with an emergency situation during a trial. During my previous position as a Clinical Research Nurse, I was responsible for managing the safety of participants in clinical trials. On one occasion, a participant experienced a severe adverse reaction to a medication being tested and required immediate medical attention.

I quickly assessed the situation and took action by contacting the appropriate personnel, including the principal investigator, the sponsor, and the local hospital. I also notified the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and made sure that all necessary paperwork was completed accurately and promptly. After ensuring that the participant received adequate care, I worked with the team to document the incident and ensure that all protocols were followed correctly.

This experience has taught me the importance of remaining calm and organized under pressure, while still taking swift and decisive action when needed. It also reinforced my commitment to patient safety and demonstrated my ability to handle challenging situations with professionalism and efficiency.”

25. In what ways can clinical research nurses help improve patient outcomes?

Interviewers may ask this question to assess your understanding of the role’s impact on patients. Use examples from your experience that show how you can help improve patient outcomes and positively affect people’s lives.

Example: “As a Clinical Research Nurse, I believe that we can help improve patient outcomes in several ways. First, we can provide education to patients and their families about the research study they are participating in. This helps ensure that they understand what is expected of them and how it may benefit them or others in the future. Second, we can monitor the progress of the study and report any adverse events or other issues that arise during the course of the study. Finally, we can work closely with physicians and other healthcare professionals to ensure that all protocols are followed correctly and that the best possible care is provided to the participants. By doing these things, clinical research nurses can play an important role in improving patient outcomes.”

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10 Best Research Nurse Interview Questions

A research nurse is a nurse who specializes in conducting and managing clinical research studies. Research nurses work with doctors, scientists, and other healthcare professionals to develop new treatments and therapies.

If you’re interviewing for a research nurse position, be prepared to answer a variety of questions about your experience, responsibilities, skills, and knowledge.

In this article, we’re going through the 10 most common research nurse interview questions and answers to help you out with your interview.

Experience Questions

For any employer, experience is one of the most important factors to consider when hiring a new employee.

When interviewing for a research nurse position, you can expect questions about your experience in conducting and managing clinical research studies.

Be prepared to talk about the types of studies you’ve been involved in, the size of the studies, and the length of time you’ve been involved in the studies.

Responsibilities Questions

Because research nurses help to design and develop new treatments and therapies, you can expect to get questions about what your job responsibilities would be if you were hired for the position.

The Most Common Research Nurse Interview Questions and Answers

If you have tried to research this online, you will find that there are conflicting opinions.

The reason for this is the same as all interview questions.

Aside from being prepared to answer them, it depends on who is interviewing you and what particular skills they are looking for in a candidate .

Here are 10 of the most common research nurse interview questions together with example answers so you can be as prepared as possible.

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1. Tell me about yourself.

When this question is asked, it is an invitation for you to introduce yourself.

You want to be sure that your introduction shows the interviewer why you are the right person for this job.

If you have not prepared an answer to this question, don’t worry – just tell them about yourself briefly and what experience you have that makes you suitable for this role.

I highly recommend you to watch this video about the tips and tricks of the “Tell me about yourself” interview question from Linda Raynier, Career Strategist .

Example answer:

My name is Janette and I have been a nurse for about 7 years now. I have experience in both hospital and research settings, and I’m really interested in clinical research . I think my skills in organization and time management will be a great asset in this role, and I’m excited to learn more about the clinical research process.

See also: Tell Me About Yourself Nursing Interview Question

2. Describe your work experience.

This is a question that you are likely to be asked during every interview by every company.

That said, it is still an important question because they are trying to find out if your skills match the job description and if your personality will fit into the team.

When you answer this question, you want to focus on the skills that you have that match this position.

I’ve been a nurse for 7 years and prior to that, I worked doing in-home care in my home state. I really enjoy working with people and it’s great when things work out well in healthcare.

3. Why do you want to work here?

This question is asked because they want you to show that you’re excited about the position and share their values.

You should give a specific answer, but make sure it aligns with your own goals and where you see yourself in 5 years .

If there is not an obvious match between what you want and what this company offers, it won’t look good.

I love the research and development aspect of this job and I think it will be a great opportunity to learn more about clinical research. I’m looking for a role that allows me to grow as a nurse and contribute to the success of the company . I’m certain that I can do that here.

See also: Why Do You Want to Work Here as a Nurse

4. Describe some of your strengths.

When answering this question, it’s important to stay positive.

You want to be sure that the interviewer knows that you have qualities that will make you successful in this role.

5. Tell me about a challenge or conflict you encountered and how you dealt with it.

This question is meant to see how you handle difficult situations, both in your personal and professional life.

When answering this question, make sure that the example you use shows the interviewer what resolution you came to and why.

It’s also possible that they will ask follow-up questions to get more information.

I was once working with a team on a research project and we were having some trouble meeting our deadlines. I sat down with the team and we discussed what could be done to improve our process . We came up with a plan and everyone was able to stick to it, which allowed us to finish the project on time.

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6. Tell us about a research project that you were involved in.

This question is a good opportunity to show the interviewer your knowledge and experience in clinical research.

When responding, share the basics of the project – what it was, who was involved, what the outcome was.

If you have any articles or papers that were published as a result of the project, be sure to include those as well.

I worked on a project that involved the development of a new medical device and we presented our findings at a research conference. We were able to get some good feedback from other researchers and the device was eventually put into clinical trials . It was a great experience to be a part of. Here are some of the articles that were published as a result.

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7. What do you think it takes to be successful in this role?

The interviewer is looking for specific examples of how your skills and experience will translate into success for them.

You should give an example or two of what you’ve done in the past and how it will make you a good fit for the role .

I think it takes a certain type of person to be successful in research nursing. You have to be able to work well independently but also as part of a team. I have previous experience working with small teams and being very successful, so I’m confident that this would be an easy transition.

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8. Are you comfortable working with data and computers?

This question is meant to see if you have the necessary skills for the role.

When answering, be sure to share any experience you have in data entry or computer programs.

If you don’t have any experience, be sure to express your willingness to learn.

I’ve had a lot of experience with data entry and I’m very comfortable working on computers. During my last job, we did a lot of statistical analysis so I think that makes me a great fit for this role.

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9. What questions do you have about the job?

This question is meant to see what your understanding of the position is and if you have any specific questions about the role or the company.

When answering, be sure to ask questions that are relevant to you and your experience.

I was wondering if you could tell me a bit more about the team I would be working with. I’m looking for a position where I can be part of a team but I also need them to be flexible with my hours due to family . Are there many people working evenings and weekends?

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10. Why do you want to work in clinical research?

This question is meant to see if you have a passion for the role and why it’s a good fit.

Conclusion: Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions

Interviewing for a clinical research nurse position can be tough, but if you’re prepared for the questions with example answers, you’ll have no problem.

These questions will help you to highlight your skills and experience as well as show your interest in the role .

Be sure to ask questions of your own so that you can get a better understanding of the job and the company.

Good luck with your research nurse interview!

7 Common Research Nurse Interview Questions

A research nurse has the responsibility of carrying outpatient care, data management, and ethical standards in clinical research trials .

Interviewers can be very particular about the candidates they hire for this kind of job.

It’s important to know what kind of research nurse interview questions you’ll be asked in an interview for a research nurse position.

Research nurses are held to a high standard considering that patient confidentiality and ethical guidelines are upheld in order for the clinical trial to be valid.

Preparing for your interview as a research nurse will help you feel confident about the answers you give and show that you are ready to take on such a challenging role .

In this article, we’ll review seven of the most common interview questions for research nurse positions.

We’ll also include tips on how to answer the questions according to what interviewers are looking for and some example answers.

Research Nurse Interview Questions and Answers

1. tell me a little bit about yourself..

This is usually the first question in any job interview and gives you the chance to hit your highlight reel.

Mention where you went to school and any achievements in your career that help you to stand out .

Providing information about extracurricular activities will also help show that you know how to have a good work-life balance.

Example answer:

I went to medical school at Boston University and have worked as a nurse for six years now. I have had extensive experience in the research field working on Alzheimer’s clinical trials. See also: Clinical Trial Assistant Interview Questions I enjoy hiking and mountain biking in my downtime.

See also: Band 7 Nurse Interview Questions and Answers

2. How would you describe good clinical practice?

Good clinical practice (GCP) is essential for any research nurse as they have to follow strict guidelines in order for the research study to be valid and the patient to be protected.

Any interviewer will want to know that you know what GCP is and how important it is.

Good clinical practice is a set of standards and guidelines for ethical practice in research studies involving humans that encompasses all aspects of the study. See also: Clinical Research Coordinator Interview Questions Including designing the trial, recording the results, and reporting them to the proper authorities.

See also: Interview Questions for New Grad Nurses

3. How would you describe your attention to detail?

Being thorough and detailed is extremely important for a research nurse.

Taking extensive notes during a clinical trial, and ensuring that all the rules are followed and that patients receive the properly assigned treatment or placebo are all key roles that research nurses play to accomplish the success of the study .

I have participated in various research trials and take extensive notes on every aspect of the patient’s care and observations before, during, and after the trial. See also: Clinical Research Assistant Interview Questions I double-check to make sure that all rules are followed, and triple-check the assignment of the patient before administering any experimental drug or placebo.

See also: Telemetry Nurse Interview Questions

4. Why do you want to work as a research nurse?

This question provides you with an excellent opportunity to highlight your passion for research and explain what strengths you have in the field that would make you an asset to their team.

Use examples of past research studies you have been involved in to bolster your argument.

I love the opportunity to discover something new in the field of medicine. I was most recently involved with a clinical study on autoimmune diseases which was very rewarding. Your upcoming case study on Sjogren’s disease particularly caught my eye as something I would like to be a part of.

See also: Legal Nurse Consultant Interview Questions

5. How would you deal with a conflict that arose in the workplace?

This provides the interviewer with a good impression of your ability to work with others and take on leadership roles if you have good conflict resolution skills.

See also: Nurse Leadership Interview Questions

If possible, use an example from your own experience to illustrate how you resolve issues between yourself and other coworkers and what you learned from the experience.

If a problem arose between myself and another coworker, I would confront my coworker to see if we can resolve the issue ourselves. If we would need to invite a neutral party, then we would . I would do whatever it takes to come to a resolution so that we can work together to provide the best possible care for our patients.

See also: Outpatient Nurse Interview Questions

6. How important is patient confidentiality in a clinical study?

Heavily emphasize how important patient confidentiality is.

The interviewer is looking to see how seriously you take the privacy of patients in a trial.

If you are flippant about this point, you may be perfect in every other aspect but still, get passed over for the job .

Be sure to review all aspects of patient protection.

Patient confidentiality is the most important concern right after a patient’s health. It is extremely important to safeguard any personal information that is written down or recorded digitally to ensure that the patient is not abused in any way.

See also: Clinical Nurse Specialist Interview Questions

7. How would you handle a patient if they didn’t understand the form of consent?

There are two good ways to answer this that will reveal what kind of nurse you are.

You can either be independent and take the initiative to explain it to the patient.

Or you can ask for a superior’s help and show off your teamwork skills.

Props to the candidate that can do both.

If a patient doesn’t understand the consent form, I would do my best to explain it in different terms. If they are still confused, I would ask for help explaining from a different team member . It’s important to ensure the patient understands the form they are signing.

See also: Interventional Radiology Nurse Interview Questions

Research Nurse Interview Questions and Answers PDF

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Conclusion: Interview Questions for Research Nurses

A research nurse is a rewarding job but it also requires someone who:

pays attention to detail,
understands the importance of patient privacy and strict ethical standards,
and can work well in a team setting.

Interviewers will be looking for a candidate who possesses all of these attributes .

Study and prepare answers for these interview questions and you can walk into your research nurse interview with confidence.

Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions & Answers

Updated January 24, 2024
Published June 21, 2023

Do you have a Clinical Research Nurse interview coming up? Prepare for these commonly asked Clinical Research Nurse questions to ace your job interview!

What Does a Clinical Research Nurse Do?

As a Clinical Research Nurse, your role is to play a crucial part in the development and implementation of clinical trials and research studies within the healthcare and medical research field. You collaborate with physicians, scientists, and research teams to ensure the safe and ethical conduct of studies. Clinical Research Nurses are responsible for recruiting and enrolling study participants, collecting and analyzing data, administering investigational treatments or interventions, and monitoring patients throughout the research process.

Additionally, you play a vital role in providing education and support to study participants and their families, ensuring adherence to the study protocols, and maintaining detailed and accurate records.

Your dedication to patient care, strong research skills, and knowledge of regulatory requirements make you an essential asset in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes through clinical research.

Clinical Research Nurse Interview Process

When applying for a Clinical Research Nurse position, it’s important to understand the interview process and prepare effectively. Here’s what you can expect during the interview process:

Application Submission : Start by submitting your application, resume, and cover letter for the Clinical Research Nurse position. Highlight your relevant clinical experience, research background, and interest in contributing to medical advancements through clinical trials.
Initial Screening : After submitting your application, the hiring team will review your qualifications. If you meet the initial requirements, they may contact you for a phone or video screening. During this conversation, they’ll ask you about your clinical expertise, research experience, and your motivation to work in a research-focused role.
In-person or Virtual Interview : If you pass the initial screening, you’ll be invited for an in-person or virtual interview. You’ll meet with the hiring manager or a panel of interviewers, which may include research coordinators, physicians, or other healthcare professionals. They will ask you about your specific clinical skills, experiences related to research studies, and how you handle patient care in a research setting.
Behavioral Questions : Expect behavioral questions that assess how you handle patient interactions, manage complex research protocols, and work within a multidisciplinary team. Interviewers might ask about your problem-solving abilities, attention to detail, and adherence to research ethics and guidelines.
Technical Skills Assessment : Depending on the position, there might be a technical skills assessment to evaluate your proficiency in research-related tasks, such as data collection, documentation, and patient monitoring during clinical trials.
Research Knowledge : Be prepared to discuss your understanding of clinical research processes, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, and regulatory requirements for conducting research studies.
Questions for the Interviewers : Toward the end of the interview, you’ll have the opportunity to ask questions. Prepare thoughtful inquiries about the types of studies conducted at the organization, opportunities for professional development, and the role of Clinical Research Nurses in contributing to medical advancements.

Throughout the interview process, demonstrate your passion for clinical care and research, your ability to work autonomously and collaboratively, and your commitment to patient safety and research integrity. Emphasize your relevant clinical and research experiences and showcase your potential to positively impact medical research and patient outcomes as a Clinical Research Nurse.

Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions

Below we discuss the most commonly asked Clinical Research Nurse interview questions and explain how to answer them.

1. Tell me about yourself

Interviewers may ask this question to gain an overview of your educational background, clinical experiences, and passion for research, helping me understand how well your qualifications align with the requirements of the role. In your answer, focus on providing a summary of your nursing education, any relevant research experiences or certifications, and your commitment to contributing to advancements in healthcare through clinical research, demonstrating why you’re a suitable candidate for the position and how you can positively impact our research initiatives.

Example answer for a Clinical Research Nurse position:

“My name is [Sarah], and I’m a dedicated Clinical Research Nurse with a passion for improving patient care through evidence-based practices. With five years of experience in conducting clinical trials, I’ve honed my skills in patient monitoring, data collection, and protocol adherence.

I obtained my Bachelor of Science in Nursing and subsequently pursued specialized certifications in Clinical Research Coordination. My background in both patient care and research has allowed me to bridge the gap between the two fields effectively.

During my career, I’ve had the opportunity to work with diverse patient populations, including oncology and neurology. This exposure has strengthened my ability to adapt to unique patient needs and fostered my commitment to delivering compassionate care.

I am highly detail-oriented and proficient in maintaining accurate documentation and regulatory compliance. I thrive in collaborative environments and enjoy working closely with multidisciplinary teams to achieve research objectives.

As a Clinical Research Nurse, I look forward to contributing my expertise to advance medical knowledge and improve the lives of patients worldwide.”

2. Why do you want to work here?

Interviewers may ask this question to understand your motivation for choosing our healthcare facility or research institution specifically and to assess if your values align with our commitment to advancing healthcare through clinical research.

In your answer, focus on expressing your genuine interest in contributing to research advancements, your passion for patient care and safety, and how our organization’s research projects and values resonate with your career goals, demonstrating why you’d be a dedicated and valuable addition to our team.

“I am excited about the opportunity to work here because of the organization’s outstanding reputation in conducting cutting-edge clinical research. Your commitment to excellence aligns perfectly with my own values, and I believe that collaborating with your team will allow me to contribute meaningfully to medical advancements.

Furthermore, I have been following your recent publications and trials, and I’m impressed by the impact your research has on patient outcomes. Joining your team would provide me with a stimulating environment to expand my knowledge and skills, as well as the chance to work with top experts in the field.

Overall, I am eager to be a part of an institution that values innovation, patient-centric care, and continuous learning, making it an ideal place to grow both professionally and personally.”

3. Walk me through your resume

Interviewers may ask this question to gain a chronological understanding of your nursing education, clinical experiences, and any relevant research involvement, enabling me to assess how well your qualifications align with the requirements of the role.

In your answer, focus on providing a concise overview of your key nursing experiences, emphasizing any clinical research roles or projects you’ve been part of, and highlight how your skills in patient care, data collection, and research methodology make you a suitable candidate for the Clinical Research Nurse position, showcasing your ability to contribute to successful research initiatives and patient outcomes.

“I began my journey in healthcare by obtaining a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. After becoming a registered nurse, I worked in a hospital setting, where I developed strong clinical skills and a passion for patient care.

Seeking to merge my interest in research with nursing, I pursued additional certifications in Clinical Research Coordination. This led me to a role as a Clinical Research Nurse, where I managed various phases of clinical trials, ensuring compliance with protocols and regulatory guidelines.

During my five years in clinical research, I’ve worked with diverse patient populations, gaining experience in oncology, neurology, and other therapeutic areas. This exposure has further enhanced my ability to provide compassionate and evidence-based care.

Now, I’m eager to bring my expertise to this esteemed institution and contribute to your mission of advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes.”

4. Why should we hire you?

Interviewers may ask this question to understand how well you can communicate your unique skills, experiences, and qualities that make you the best fit for the role and assess your confidence in contributing to our clinical research team.

In your answer, focus on highlighting your exceptional patient care skills, your knowledge of research methodologies and regulations, and how your previous experiences in clinical research have contributed to the success of research projects, demonstrating why you’d be a valuable asset to our team and help us achieve our research goals effectively.

“You should hire me because I possess a unique blend of clinical expertise and extensive experience in clinical research. My proven track record in managing complex trials, adhering to protocols, and ensuring regulatory compliance makes me a valuable asset to your team.

I am highly detail-oriented, adaptable, and dedicated to delivering patient-centric care. My ability to collaborate effectively with multidisciplinary teams enables seamless communication and efficient trial execution.

Moreover, my passion for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes aligns perfectly with your organization’s mission. I am confident that my skills, enthusiasm, and commitment will make a significant contribution to the success of your clinical research endeavors.”

Related : Clinical Research Associate Cover Letter Examples & Writing Guide

5. What is your greatest professional achievement?

Interviewers may ask this question to assess your ability to recognize and communicate significant accomplishments in the field of clinical research and to understand how your achievements demonstrate your skills and impact in advancing healthcare through research. In your answer, focus on highlighting a specific clinical research project where you played a key role in patient care, data collection, or study coordination and how your contributions led to successful outcomes and advancements in medical knowledge, showcasing your expertise and dedication as a clinical research nurse.

“My greatest professional achievement was leading a pivotal clinical trial that resulted in the approval of a groundbreaking treatment for a rare neurological disorder. As the lead Clinical Research Nurse, I coordinated a team of healthcare professionals, ensuring strict adherence to the study protocol and regulatory guidelines.

During the trial, I encountered several challenges, including patient recruitment and data management. Through proactive problem-solving and collaboration, we successfully addressed these obstacles, leading to the trial’s success.

Witnessing the positive impact of this treatment on patients’ lives was truly rewarding. This achievement solidified my passion for clinical research and reinforced my commitment to advancing medical science for the betterment of patients worldwide. I’m eager to bring this drive and experience to further contribute to meaningful research initiatives within your esteemed organization.”

6. Tell me about your experience working in clinical research?

Interviewers ask this question to understand your level of experience and expertise in clinical research. In your answer, you should focus on your past roles and responsibilities, specific clinical research studies or trials you have worked on, and any accomplishments or achievements demonstrating your skills and knowledge in this area, emphasizing your understanding of the research process, ethical considerations, and regulatory requirements.

“I had the opportunity to contribute to various clinical trials and research studies. Collaborating closely with multidisciplinary teams, I ensured the smooth execution of protocols, including patient recruitment and data collection. Working in this dynamic environment, I honed my skills in patient care, data management, and regulatory compliance.

Additionally, I actively engaged with participants, addressing their concerns and providing empathetic support throughout the studies. I also played a vital role in maintaining accurate and updated documentation, adhering to the highest ethical standards. Overall, my experience in clinical research has deepened my passion for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes.”

7. Can you describe your challenging patient interaction and how you handled it?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your communication skills and ability to handle difficult situations with patients. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you had to deal with a challenging patient, explain the situation and the steps you took to resolve it, and emphasize your ability to listen, empathize, and communicate effectively with patients while maintaining a professional demeanor.

“One challenging patient interaction occurred when a participant expressed extreme anxiety and adamantly refused a crucial medical procedure. To address this, I began by actively listening to their concerns and empathizing with their fears. Collaborating with the medical team, we devised a personalized approach that involved providing comprehensive information about the procedure and offering continuous emotional support.

Through this process, we gradually built trust and helped ease their anxieties. Eventually, the patient agreed to undergo the procedure, allowing the study to proceed successfully. This experience reinforced the importance of empathy and patient-centered care in navigating challenges in clinical research. It taught me the significance of fostering a supportive environment to ensure the best outcomes for both the patient and the study .”

8. What are your strengths when it comes to data collection and analysis?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your technical skills and data collection and analysis abilities. In your answer, focus on your specific strengths in data collection, management, statistical analysis, and interpretation. Use specific examples to illustrate how you have used these skills to solve problems and make decisions.

“When it comes to data collection and analysis, my strengths lie in my meticulous attention to detail and strong organizational skills. I am adept at designing data collection protocols, ensuring accurate and comprehensive data capture throughout the research process. Additionally, I have a solid understanding of various data analysis methods and statistical tools, allowing me to interpret and present findings effectively.

Moreover, my experience as a Clinical Research Nurse has honed my ability to work with interdisciplinary teams, fostering collaboration in data collection efforts. I take pride in my ability to adhere to strict ethical guidelines and maintain the confidentiality of patient information.

Furthermore, my strong analytical mindset enables me to identify patterns and trends in data, which proves invaluable in drawing meaningful conclusions from complex datasets .”

Related : Interview Questions About Strengths and Job Performance

9. How do you prioritize and manage multiple tasks and responsibilities?

Interviewers ask this question to understand your organizational and time management skills. In your answer, describe a specific approach or system you use to manage your tasks and responsibilities effectively. Try to emphasize your ability to prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance, delegate tasks as needed, and manage your time efficiently to meet deadlines.

“I prioritize and manage multiple tasks and responsibilities by first creating a comprehensive task list. I then assess the urgency and importance of each task, using this information to determine the order in which to address them.

To manage my workload efficiently, I break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable steps, setting realistic deadlines for completion. Additionally, I leverage technology tools, such as task management software and calendar applications, to stay organized and ensure timely follow-up.

Regularly communicating with my team and collaborators helps me stay informed about project progress and identify potential challenges. By maintaining open lines of communication, we can quickly adapt to changing priorities and allocate resources effectively.

I believe in the power of delegation, distributing tasks among team members according to their expertise and workload. This approach not only fosters a sense of ownership but also promotes a collective effort toward achieving our research objectives .”

10. Describe a time when you had to troubleshoot a problem in a clinical trial. How did you go about resolving it?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your problem-solving skills and ability to work under pressure in a clinical trial setting. In your answer, focus on a specific problem you encountered in a clinical trial and explain the steps you took to identify the cause of the problem, develop a solution, and implement it. Try to emphasize your ability to work collaboratively with other team members, communicate effectively, and make quick decisions to resolve the problem.

“During one clinical trial, we encountered an unexpected issue with a medical device used for patient monitoring. The data from the device was not being captured accurately, potentially affecting the trial’s integrity. To troubleshoot the problem, I collaborated with the study team and the device manufacturer.

First, I conducted a thorough review of the device’s manual and contacted the manufacturer’s support team to understand the possible reasons for the issue. Simultaneously, I ensured that patient safety was not compromised by implementing alternative monitoring measures.

Once we identified the root cause, I worked with the study team to develop a comprehensive plan to address the problem. This involved retraining the research staff on device usage and implementing additional quality checks to prevent future occurrences.

I communicated the resolution plan to all team members involved in the trial, ensuring everyone understood their roles and responsibilities. Throughout the process, I maintained open communication with the study sponsor, providing regular updates and ensuring transparency.

As a result of our collaborative efforts, we successfully resolved the issue, ensuring data accuracy and the safety of trial participants. This experience reinforced my problem-solving skills and ability to work under pressure, qualities I am eager to bring to the Clinical Research Nurse role at your esteemed organization.”

11. How do you ensure that you are adhering to ethical and regulatory guidelines in your work?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your understanding of ethical and regulatory guidelines related to your field of work. They want to know whether you have a strong ethical foundation and can work within the boundaries set by regulations. In your answer, focus on your knowledge of ethical and regulatory guidelines, staying updated on changes, and applying them in your work.

“One way I ensure compliance is by staying up-to-date with current regulations and guidelines through continuous education and attending relevant workshops. Additionally, I actively engage with the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and maintain open communication to address any ethical concerns.

Moreover, during the study, I meticulously document all procedures and data collection, ensuring transparency and traceability. This practice helps maintain the accuracy and reliability of the research.

Collaboration with the research team and principal investigator is crucial in navigating ethical challenges. By fostering an environment of open dialogue and shared responsibility, we collectively make well-informed decisions that prioritize participant welfare.

Furthermore, I always prioritize informed consent, ensuring participants fully comprehend the study’s purpose, risks, and benefits before enrollment. I address any questions or concerns they may have and maintain ongoing communication throughout the study .”

12. Tell me about a situation where you had to manage a conflict with a colleague or supervisor?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your conflict resolution skills and your ability to work in a team. They want to know whether you can handle difficult situations with colleagues or supervisors professionally and diplomatically. In your answer, describe the situation, the steps you took to manage the conflict, and the outcome you achieved.

“In a previous clinical research role, I encountered a conflict with a colleague regarding the allocation of tasks for a complex research project. Both of us had different perspectives on how to divide responsibilities, and this led to tension and inefficiency within the team.

To address the conflict, I initiated an open and honest conversation with my colleague, expressing my concerns and actively listening to their viewpoint. I emphasized the importance of collaboration and the common goal of achieving successful research outcomes.

During the discussion, we identified our individual strengths and areas of expertise, which allowed us to reassign tasks based on our competencies. Additionally, I suggested implementing a weekly team meeting to review progress, discuss any challenges, and ensure everyone felt valued and heard.

By maintaining respectful communication and finding a compromise, we not only resolved the conflict but also improved team dynamics and productivity. This experience taught me the significance of effective conflict management and strengthened my ability to foster positive relationships with colleagues and supervisors, skills that I believe will be valuable in this position.”

13. How do you ensure that you maintain accurate and detailed documentation in your work?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your organizational skills and attention to detail. They want to know whether you can keep accurate records and maintain detailed work documentation. In your answer, focus on how you organize your work, the tools you use to keep track of your tasks, and the steps you take to ensure the accuracy and completeness of your documentation.

“I prioritize accurate and detailed documentation to ensure the highest level of patient care and research integrity. To maintain this, I adopt a systematic approach by immediately recording observations and interventions during patient interactions. Additionally, I utilize electronic health records and research databases to input essential data, including patient demographics, medical history, and study-specific information. Moreover, I collaborate closely with the research team to cross-verify data and resolve any discrepancies promptly.

In cases where handwritten notes are required, I ensure they are legible and well-organized for easy retrieval. Regularly, I review and update documentation as needed, adhering to institutional guidelines and regulatory requirements. My dedication to maintaining accurate and detailed documentation serves to enhance patient safety, research validity, and overall study success.”

Related : Clinical Research Coordinator Cover Letter Examples & Writing Guide

14. Can you describe a situation where you had to work under tight timelines and how you handled it?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to work under pressure and your time management skills. They want to know whether you can handle tight deadlines and still deliver quality work. In your answer, focus on the situation, the actions you took to prioritize your tasks, and the strategies you used to manage your time effectively to complete the project on time.

“Working under tight timelines is a familiar challenge in clinical research, and I’ve encountered such situations in my previous role. One particular instance was when we were conducting a time-sensitive oncology trial with a strict deadline for data collection and analysis. To ensure success, I organized a team meeting to discuss the urgency and outline clear responsibilities.

We maintained a synchronized workflow by delegating tasks effectively and communicating proactively with all team members. Regular check-ins and open communication allowed us to address any issues promptly, ensuring we stayed on track and met the deadline successfully. Moreover, I streamlined documentation processes and prioritized essential tasks, optimizing efficiency without compromising quality. In this high-pressure environment, maintaining a positive and supportive atmosphere was crucial.

By celebrating small achievements and encouraging team members, we boosted morale and fostered a collaborative spirit, which ultimately contributed to our timely completion of the project .”

15. How do you ensure patient safety in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your understanding of patient safety and your ability to apply it in a clinical trial setting. They want to know whether you have a solid understanding of the regulations and guidelines related to patient safety and how you would apply them in a clinical trial. In your answer, focus on describing the steps you take to ensure patient safety, the tools and techniques you use to monitor patient health and progress, and the strategies you use to communicate effectively with patients and their families.

“Patient safety is of utmost importance in any clinical trial, and as a Clinical Research Nurse, I take several measures to ensure it is upheld. Firstly, I thoroughly review the study protocol and familiarize myself with all safety-related procedures. Next, I obtain informed consent from each participant, ensuring they understand the potential risks and benefits.

During the trial, I closely monitor patients for any adverse events or changes in their health status. Collaborating closely with the medical team, I promptly address any safety concerns and take necessary actions to protect the patients’ well-being.

Moreover, I follow Good Clinical Practice guidelines and adhere to all regulatory requirements to maintain a safe and ethical environment. Regular training and education of the study team on safety protocols are also crucial in promoting a culture of patient safety.

Lastly, I encourage open communication with patients and their families, providing them with a supportive environment to express any concerns they may have. By implementing these strategies, I am confident in my ability to ensure patient safety throughout the entire clinical trial process .”

16. Tell me about a time when you had to adapt to a new technology or software system for data management?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to learn and adapt to new technologies and software systems that are commonly used in clinical research. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you had to adapt to a new technology or software system, describe the challenges you faced, and explain the steps you took to overcome those challenges, emphasizing your ability to learn quickly, troubleshoot problems, and work collaboratively with others.

“In my previous role, we transitioned to a new electronic health record system to manage patient data and streamline workflows. Initially, I found it challenging to adapt to the new technology, as it differed significantly from the previous system I was familiar with.

To overcome this, I took a proactive approach and attended comprehensive training sessions offered by the organization. I also sought guidance from more tech-savvy colleagues who had already become proficient in using the new EHR.

Recognizing the importance of being comfortable with the system, I allocated extra time outside of work hours to explore the software’s features and functionalities independently. This allowed me to practice and gain confidence in navigating the EHR efficiently.

Throughout the transition period, I maintained a positive attitude, embracing the learning curve as an opportunity for personal and professional growth. As a result of my efforts, I successfully adapted to the new technology, becoming proficient in managing patient data and contributing to the seamless integration of the EHR into our clinical research practices.”

17. Describe a time when you had to communicate complex medical information to a patient or family member?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your communication skills and ability to explain complex medical information in a way that patients and their families can understand. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you had to communicate complex medical information, explain the information in simple terms, and ensure that the patient or family member understood the information. Emphasize your ability to listen, empathize, and communicate effectively with patients and their families.

“During my time in my previous position, I encountered a situation where I had to communicate complex medical information to a patient and their family. The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and was concerned about potential side effects and risks associated with the investigational treatment.

To ensure effective communication, I adopted a patient-centered approach. I took the time to establish rapport and understand their concerns. I used simple language and visuals, such as diagrams and brochures, to explain the treatment process and potential outcomes in a more understandable way.

Moreover, I encouraged the patient and their family to ask questions freely, ensuring they felt supported throughout the conversation. I empathized with their feelings and demonstrated genuine care, which helped alleviate their anxiety.

To reinforce their understanding, I provided written instructions and contact information for follow-up inquiries. I also offered additional resources, such as support groups, to help them cope with any challenges they might encounter during the clinical trial.

By tailoring my communication and actively engaging with the patient and their family, I facilitated a clear and informative discussion that empowered them to make well-informed decisions about their participation in the clinical trial.”

18. Can you describe a successful clinical trial that you were a part of and your role in its success?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your experience and contributions to a successful clinical trial. In your answer, focus on a specific clinical trial you were a part of, describe the goals and objectives of the trial, and explain your role in its success. To emphasize your contributions to the trial, such as protocol development, patient recruitment, data collection, and analysis, or other aspects of the trial.

“One successful clinical trial I was part of was a study investigating a new treatment for a specific type of cancer. My role in its success was primarily focused on patient recruitment and monitoring. I collaborated closely with the principal investigator and other healthcare professionals to ensure the trial’s smooth running.

To start, I actively identified eligible patients from our hospital’s database and referred them to the trial. This involved carefully screening medical records and discussing the study with potential participants, ensuring they fully understood the trial’s objectives and their voluntary participation.

Throughout the trial, I played a crucial role in patient care and safety. Regularly, I monitored participants, performed vital sign assessments, and documented their progress. Whenever any concerns arose, I promptly communicated with the principal investigator and implemented necessary adjustments to ensure participant well-being.

Another significant aspect of my role was collecting and managing data with meticulous attention to detail. I ensured accurate and timely data entry, maintaining compliance with strict protocols and regulations.

Furthermore, I actively collaborated with the research team during meetings and provided valuable input. Together, we discussed trial progress, analyzed results, and adapted strategies to address any challenges that arose .”

19. Tell me about a time when you had to make a difficult ethical decision in your work?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your understanding of ethical considerations in clinical research and your ability to make difficult ethical decisions. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you had to make a difficult ethical decision, describe the decision-making process, and explain the factors that influenced your decision. Emphasize your commitment to ethical principles and your ability to weigh the risks and benefits of different options.

“In my previous job, we were testing a new drug that showed promising potential for a severe neurological condition, but one participant experienced unexpected adverse effects that weren’t outlined in the informed consent.

To address this, I promptly reported the situation to the principal investigator and the ethics review board. We decided to suspend the participant’s involvement in the trial to prioritize their safety and well-being. Additionally, we thoroughly investigated the adverse effects to understand their origin and implications.

Throughout the process, I maintained open and transparent communication with the participant, explaining the situation and assuring them of our commitment to their welfare. Despite the potential impact on the trial’s timeline, we prioritized participant safety and ethical integrity.

After investigating further, we discovered a previously unknown medical condition in the participant that likely caused the adverse effects. This revelation led us to revise the informed consent process for future participants, ensuring they were fully informed about potential risks.

In retrospect, this ethical decision was challenging, but it strengthened my commitment to upholding ethical standards in clinical research. It emphasized the importance of constant vigilance and a patient-centric approach to safeguarding the well-being of trial participants .”

20. How do you ensure that you are up-to-date on the latest research developments and trends in your field?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your commitment to ongoing learning and professional development. In your answer, describe the specific ways you stay up-to-date on the latest research developments and trends in your field, such as attending conferences, reading scientific journals, participating in professional organizations, or other methods. Emphasize your commitment to staying current with the latest advancements in your field and how this benefits your work.

“To stay current on the latest research developments and trends in my field as a Clinical Research Nurse, I employ various strategies. Firstly, I regularly attend medical conferences and seminars where experts present their cutting-edge findings. By doing so, I gain valuable insights and networking opportunities with other professionals. Secondly, I subscribe to reputable medical journals and publications, which helps me access new research studies and evidence-based practices. I ensure I dedicate time each week to read and absorb this information.

Additionally, I participate in online forums and discussion groups with fellow researchers, allowing me to exchange knowledge and stay informed about emerging trends. Lastly, I maintain contact with key opinion leaders and collaborate on research projects, enabling me to be at the forefront of advancements in clinical research. By consistently following these practices, I can ensure that my skills and knowledge remain up-to-date, enabling me to provide the best care and contribute to advancements in the field of clinical research .”

21. Describe a time when you had to work with a team to meet a common goal?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your teamwork skills and ability to collaborate. They want to know whether you can work effectively in a team environment and contribute to achieving common goals. In your answer, focus on describing the situation, the role you played in the team, the actions you took to support your team members, and the outcome you achieved together.

“One instance as a Clinical Research Nurse comes to mind when I collaborated with a team to achieve a common goal. We were conducting a complex research study on a new treatment for a rare medical condition. The success of the study depended on effective teamwork and coordination among different departments.

I worked closely with physicians, lab technicians, and data analysts to ensure smooth data collection, accurate patient assessments, and timely reporting. Each team member played a crucial role, and communication was vital to keep everyone aligned.

We scheduled regular meetings to discuss progress, address challenges, and adjust our strategies if necessary. I actively participated in these meetings, sharing my insights and seeking input from others.

During the study, we faced unexpected obstacles that required swift action. Through collaborative problem-solving, we identified solutions and supported each other in implementing them.

Our team’s cohesion and commitment to the common goal resulted in the successful completion of the research study. This experience reinforced the value of teamwork in achieving significant milestones in clinical research and emphasized the importance of open communication and mutual support among team members.”

22. How do you ensure that you maintain confidentiality in your work?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your understanding of patient confidentiality and your ability to maintain it. They want to know whether you know the confidentiality regulations and guidelines and how you would apply them in your work. In your answer, describe the steps you take to maintain confidentiality, the tools and techniques you use to protect patient information, and the strategies you use to communicate effectively with patients and their families while respecting their privacy.

“Ensuring confidentiality is paramount in clinical research, and I take it seriously by following strict protocols and ethical guidelines. One way I maintain confidentiality is by handling sensitive data and medical records with the utmost care and storing them securely.

Additionally, I limit access to confidential information only to authorized personnel, and I never discuss patient details outside of the research team or with unauthorized individuals. To further safeguard confidentiality, I am cautious about discussing work-related matters in public areas and avoid using patient names or identifiable information in any presentations or publications.

Finally, I make sure to complete any required training on confidentiality and privacy practices to stay updated on best practices and regulations in the field. By consistently prioritizing confidentiality, I contribute to building trust with patients, sponsors, and the research community, and uphold the integrity of the clinical research process .”

23. Tell me about a time when you had to troubleshoot an issue with a medical device or equipment?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your problem-solving skills and your ability to troubleshoot technical issues related to medical devices or equipment. They want to know whether you understand the devices or equipment used in your field and how you approach technical problems. In your answer, describe the situation, the steps you took to troubleshoot the issue, and the outcome you achieved.

“In my role as a Clinical Research Nurse, I encountered a situation where a critical medical device malfunctioned during a patient’s monitoring in a clinical trial. The device was crucial for continuous vital sign monitoring, and the malfunction raised concerns about patient safety and data accuracy.

To troubleshoot the issue, I immediately notified the biomedical engineering team and the device manufacturer. While waiting for their response, I ensured the patient’s safety by quickly reverting to manual vital sign monitoring methods. Simultaneously, I documented the incident thoroughly, detailing the steps taken to address the situation.

Upon receiving guidance from the manufacturer and the biomedical engineering team, I followed their instructions precisely to resolve the device issue. I also conducted additional checks to confirm that the device was functioning correctly before reapplying it for patient monitoring.

Throughout this process, I maintained open communication with the patient, their family, and the study team, keeping them informed about the situation and the actions being taken.

This experience reinforced the significance of proactive troubleshooting and quick action in critical situations, ensuring patient safety and the integrity of research data.”

24. How do you ensure that you are effectively communicating with patients, colleagues, and sponsors?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your communication skills and ability to communicate effectively with different stakeholders. They want to know whether you can communicate complex information in a clear and concise manner and tailor your communication style to different audiences. In your answer, focus on describing the strategies you use to communicate effectively, the tools you use to facilitate communication, and the techniques you use to ensure that your message is understood

“To ensure clear and open communication with patients, colleagues, and sponsors, I adopt a few key practices. Firstly, I actively listen to understand their needs and concerns, allowing me to address them appropriately. Secondly, I tailor my communication style to suit the recipient, ensuring that complex medical information is conveyed in a clear and understandable manner.

When working with patients, I prioritize empathy and compassion, creating a supportive environment where they feel comfortable asking questions and voicing their concerns. For colleagues and sponsors, I provide regular updates on the progress of the research study, sharing any pertinent information in a concise and timely manner.

Additionally, I encourage an open-door policy, making myself available to address any queries or issues promptly. By fostering effective communication with all stakeholders, I contribute to the success of the clinical research study and ensure that patient safety and research integrity remain at the forefront .”

25. Can you describe a situation where you had to adapt to a new protocol in the middle of a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your adaptability and ability to manage change in a clinical trial setting. They want to know whether you can handle unexpected changes and adjust your approach accordingly. In your answer, focus on describing the situation, the steps you took to adapt to the new protocol, the challenges you faced, and the outcome you achieved by adapting to the changes.

“In one of the clinical trials I was involved in, there was a need to adapt to a new protocol in the middle of the study. The change was required to address an unforeseen safety concern identified in some of the enrolled patients.

To adapt to the new protocol, the research team conducted urgent meetings to discuss the necessary modifications. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I played a crucial role in disseminating the updated procedures to the entire study team and ensuring everyone understood their new responsibilities.

In addition to implementing the revised protocol, I had to update patient consent forms to reflect the changes and obtain informed consent from participants for the continuation of the trial.

The adaptability of the team was commendable, and we worked seamlessly to execute the amended protocol while ensuring patient safety remained the utmost priority. Throughout this process, clear communication and coordination were essential in successfully navigating the changes and ensuring compliance with the new requirements.

This experience taught me the importance of flexibility and the ability to adapt swiftly in the dynamic environment of clinical research.”

Related : Job Interview Questions About Adaptability +Answers

26. Tell me about a successful intervention or treatment you implemented for a patient in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your experience and knowledge of clinical interventions and treatments. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you implemented an intervention or treatment, describe the rationale behind your approach, and explain the positive outcomes for the patient. Emphasize your ability to critically evaluate patient needs and apply evidence-based interventions and treatments to improve patient outcomes.

“In a recent clinical trial, I encountered a patient with a rare condition who was not responding well to the standard treatment. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I collaborated closely with the medical team to assess the situation and explore alternative interventions.

After a careful review of the patient’s medical history and consultation with specialists, we decided to implement an experimental treatment that showed promising results in preclinical studies. We obtained necessary approvals and informed consent from the patient to proceed with the new intervention.

Throughout the process, I closely monitored the patient’s progress, documenting any changes and adverse events. The patient’s response to the new treatment was remarkable, and their condition began to improve significantly. This success prompted further investigation into the experimental intervention, leading to potential breakthroughs in treating this rare condition.

The experience reinforced the importance of staying updated with the latest research and being open to exploring innovative approaches. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I am committed to delivering the best possible care to patients by continuously seeking and implementing evidence-based interventions.”

27. How do you ensure that you are meeting recruitment and retention goals for a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to manage and execute clinical trials effectively. In your answer, describe the specific strategies you use to ensure recruitment and retention goals are met, such as collaborating with other team members, using targeted recruitment strategies, engaging with patients, addressing concerns or issues that may affect recruitment or retention, emphasizing your ability to develop and execute effective recruitment and retention plans.

“Meeting recruitment and retention goals in a clinical trial is vital for its success. To achieve this, I employ a proactive and multifaceted approach. Firstly, I collaborate with the study’s principal investigator and research team to create a comprehensive recruitment strategy. This includes identifying potential recruitment sources, such as healthcare providers and community organizations, and leveraging digital platforms and social media for broader outreach. Additionally, I ensure that all study-related materials are clear, informative, and easily accessible to potential participants.

During the recruitment process, I establish a strong rapport with potential participants, providing them with detailed information about the trial and addressing any concerns or questions they may have. I maintain regular communication with interested individuals, keeping them engaged and informed throughout the enrollment process.

To enhance retention, I prioritize building positive relationships with enrolled participants. I maintain regular follow-ups and provide ongoing support, fostering a sense of trust and commitment to the trial. I actively listen to participants’ feedback and concerns, addressing any issues promptly to improve their trial experience.

Moreover, I collaborate closely with the site staff to ensure that the trial procedures are streamlined and participant-friendly. This includes scheduling convenient visits and providing incentives when appropriate.”

28. Describe a time when you had to advocate for a patient in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to advocate for patients and their needs in a clinical trial. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you advocated for a patient, describe the patient’s needs and concerns, and explain the actions you took to address those needs and concerns. Emphasize your ability to communicate effectively with patients and other team members, your advocacy skills, and your commitment to patient-centered care.

“There was a situation during a clinical trial where a patient experienced unexpected side effects from the investigational drug. As their advocate, I promptly communicated the concerns to the research team and the study sponsor.

I collaborated with the patient’s primary physician to gather additional medical history, which helped us better understand the potential causes of the adverse reactions. I ensured that the patient received a comprehensive medical evaluation and appropriate treatment for the side effects.

To further advocate for the patient, I engaged in discussions with the study sponsor and the principal investigator to explore potential adjustments to the patient’s treatment plan. By presenting the patient’s case comprehensively and emphasizing the importance of their safety, we collectively decided to modify the patient’s medication regimen to mitigate the adverse effects.

Throughout this process, I maintained open communication with the patient, keeping them informed about the ongoing efforts to address their concerns. I ensured that they understood the treatment changes and provided emotional support during this challenging time.”

29. Can you tell me about a time when you had to explain complex medical terminology to a non-medical professional?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to communicate complex medical information in a way that non-medical professionals can understand. In your answer, focus on a specific instance where you had to explain complex medical terminology, describe the information you had to convey, and explain the approach you used to explain the information in simple terms, emphasize your ability to communicate effectively, listen to the needs of the other person, and adapt your communication style to meet their needs.

“In my previous job, I encountered a situation where I had to explain complex medical terminology to a patient’s family member who had limited medical knowledge. The patient’s condition was critical, and the family was anxious and struggling to understand the medical jargon used by the doctors.

I took the time to sit with the family member privately and used simple language to explain the patient’s diagnosis, treatment plan, and potential outcomes. Also, I used visuals and diagrams to make the information more accessible and understandable. I listened to their concerns and answered any questions they had with patience and empathy.

By the end of our conversation, the family member had a much clearer understanding of the situation, which helped alleviate their anxiety and enabled them to make informed decisions regarding the patient’s care.

This experience taught me the importance of effective communication in healthcare. As a Clinical Research Nurse, I believe in empowering patients and their families with the knowledge to help them actively participate in the healthcare journey.”

30. How do you ensure you collect and manage data accurately and efficiently in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to manage and analyze data in a clinical trial effectively. In your answer, describe the specific steps you take to ensure data is collected and managed accurately and efficiently, such as using standardized data collection methods, ensuring data quality and completeness, maintaining data security and confidentiality, emphasizing your attention to detail, data management skills, and commitment to quality control.

“First, I meticulously follow the established protocols and procedures to collect data. This includes recording information at the appropriate time points and double-checking entries for any errors or omissions. Additionally, I promptly address any discrepancies to maintain data integrity.

Second, I leverage technology to streamline data management processes. By using electronic data capture systems and secure databases, I can quickly input and access information, reducing the risk of errors associated with manual handling.

Lastly, I prioritize communication and collaboration with the research team. Regular meetings and discussions allow for effective data sharing and cross-verification, ensuring consistency across all data points.

By combining these approaches, I ensure that data accuracy and efficiency are maintained throughout the clinical trial, contributing to the success of the research study and ultimately benefiting patient outcomes .”

31. Describe a time when you had to manage a team of clinical research coordinators?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your leadership and management skills. They want to know whether you can effectively manage a team, delegate tasks, and communicate expectations. In your answer, focus on describing the situation, the team you managed, the actions you took to lead the team, the challenges you faced, and the outcome you achieved together.

“To start, I organized a team meeting to establish clear roles and responsibilities, fostering open communication and encouraging input from everyone. This collaborative approach improved team morale and efficiency.

During the trial, we faced a challenge with meeting recruitment targets. I addressed this by implementing a weekly progress review, where we identified barriers and brainstormed solutions together. By empowering each coordinator to take ownership of their recruitment strategies, we successfully surpassed our targets within a month.

Furthermore, I promoted ongoing professional development by providing educational resources and arranging training sessions. This not only enhanced their skill sets but also increased the team’s overall competence and confidence.

Handling conflicts was also a part of my role. One instance involved differing opinions regarding a participant’s eligibility. I facilitated a respectful discussion and guided the team towards a consensus, ensuring that we adhered to the study’s protocols and ethical guidelines .”

32. Tell me about a time when you had to manage unexpected changes in a clinical trial protocol?

Interviewers ask this question to assess your ability to manage unexpected changes and adapt to new situations. They want to know whether you can manage change effectively, adjust your approach, and communicate effectively with stakeholders. In your answer, focus on describing the situation, the changes you had to manage, the steps you took to adapt to the changes, the challenges you faced, and the outcome you achieved.

“During a phase III trial for a new cardiovascular medication, the sponsor communicated a crucial amendment to the dosing schedule.

To manage this change effectively, I promptly convened a meeting with the entire research team, including investigators and coordinators. We reviewed the revised protocol in detail and identified potential challenges and implications for the trial’s progress.

Next, I liaised with the Institutional Review Board to seek their approval for the amendment. Simultaneously, I ensured all team members received updated training and education regarding the new dosing requirements.

Communication was paramount during this period, so I organized regular meetings and utilized group messaging platforms to address any concerns and provide clarifications promptly.

To monitor the impact of the change, I implemented a thorough tracking system to monitor participant responses and any adverse events related to the modified dosing regimen. This allowed us to maintain the highest level of patient safety and data integrity.

Throughout the process, I remained adaptable and encouraged an open dialogue among the team members. By fostering a collaborative environment, we successfully navigated the unexpected change, ensuring the trial’s continuity and adherence to regulatory guidelines .”

33. How do you ensure that you are managing adverse events appropriately in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your understanding of adverse event management and your ability to manage adverse events appropriately. They want to know whether you have a solid understanding of the regulations and guidelines related to adverse events and how you would apply them in your work. In your answer, focus on describing the steps you take to manage adverse events, the tools and techniques you use to monitor and report adverse events, and the strategies you use to communicate effectively with stakeholders.

“I conduct thorough participant assessments and provide comprehensive education to participants about potential adverse events, ensuring their understanding and cooperation throughout the trial. Additionally, I adhere strictly to the trial protocol, maintaining accurate documentation and following all regulatory guidelines. This helps in identifying and managing adverse events efficiently.

Collaboration with the research team and sponsors is vital. By actively participating in regular meetings and discussions, I stay informed about potential risks and possible interventions to address adverse events effectively. I believe in open communication and encourage reporting from all involved parties, fostering a culture of transparency and safety.

Moreover, I maintain a vigilant attitude toward adverse event identification. I keep myself updated with the latest literature and guidelines, enhancing my ability to recognize and appropriately manage any unexpected events that may arise during the trial .”

34. Can you describe a successful study report or publication that you were a part of and your role in its success?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your ability to contribute to the success of a study or publication. They want to know whether you can effectively communicate complex information, collaborate with others, and contribute to the overall success of a project. In your answer, focus on describing the study or publication, your role in it, the challenges you faced, the actions you took to contribute to its success, and the outcome you achieved.

“One of the successful study reports I contributed to was a clinical trial investigating a new treatment for a chronic condition. My role involved coordinating participant enrollment, conducting assessments, and managing data collection. By ensuring strict adherence to the study protocol, I played a pivotal role in maintaining data integrity and participant safety throughout the trial.

Collaboration was key to the success of this publication. I worked closely with the research team, providing valuable insights during regular meetings and sharing updates on participant progress. This open communication facilitated efficient problem-solving and decision-making, contributing to the study’s overall success.

As a result of our collective efforts, the study demonstrated significant positive outcomes for the new treatment. My contribution to the analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as my involvement in drafting the report, was essential in communicating the study’s findings accurately and comprehensively.

Additionally, I actively participated in peer reviews and revisions, ensuring the report met the highest scientific standards. Our dedication to quality and attention to detail paid off when the report was accepted for publication in a reputable medical journal .”

35. Tell me about a time when you had to prioritize patient care over administrative tasks in a clinical trial?

Interviewers ask this question to evaluate your ability to manage competing priorities and make decisions that prioritize patient care. They want to know whether you have a patient-centered approach to your work and how you would balance patient care with administrative tasks. In your answer, focus on describing the situation, the competing priorities you had to manage, the steps you took to prioritize patient care, the challenges you faced, and the outcome you achieved.

“I swiftly assessed the severity of each adverse event and immediately alerted the medical team. Ensuring the well-being of the affected participants became my top priority, and I provided prompt and compassionate care to address their needs.

While patient care was the primary focus, I also recognized the importance of timely and accurate documentation. To strike a balance, I efficiently delegated some administrative tasks to other team members, allowing me to dedicate more time to the participants’ care.

By collaborating closely with the medical team, we coordinated interventions and closely monitored the participants’ progress. My ability to communicate effectively with both the medical team and the participants’ families ensured everyone was informed and reassured during this challenging time.

Despite the intensity of the situation, I remained calm and composed, relying on my clinical expertise and problem-solving skills. As a result of the timely interventions and personalized care provided, all the participants made a successful recovery .”

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Emma Parrish

Emma Parrish, a seasoned HR professional with over a decade of experience, is a key member of Megainterview. With expertise in optimizing organizational people and culture strategy, operations, and employee wellbeing, Emma has successfully recruited in diverse industries like marketing, education, and hospitality. As a CIPD Associate in Human Resource Management, Emma's commitment to professional standards enhances Megainterview's mission of providing tailored job interview coaching and career guidance, contributing to the success of job candidates.

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17 Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions (With Example Answers)

It's important to prepare for an interview in order to improve your chances of getting the job. Researching questions beforehand can help you give better answers during the interview. Most interviews will include questions about your personality, qualifications, experience and how well you would fit the job. In this article, we review examples of various clinical research nurse interview questions and sample answers to some of the most common questions.

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Common Clinical Research Nurse Interview Questions

What inspired you to pursue a career in clinical research nursing, what do you think sets clinical research nurses apart from other types of nurses, what do you think are the biggest challenges faced by clinical research nurses, what do you think are the biggest benefits of working as a clinical research nurse, what do you think is the most important thing for clinical research nurses to remember, what do you think is the best part of working as a clinical research nurse, what do you think is the worst part of working as a clinical research nurse, what do you think are the biggest challenges faced by clinical research patients, what do you think are the biggest benefits of participating in clinical research, what do you think is the most important thing for clinical research patients to remember, what do you think is the best part of participating in clinical research, what do you think is the worst part of participating in clinical research, what do you think are the biggest challenges faced by clinical researchers, what do you think are the biggest benefits of working as a clinical researcher, what do you think is the most important thing for clinical researchers to remember, what do you think is the best part of working as a clinical researcher, what do you think is the worst part of working as a clinical researcher.

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question. First, they may be trying to get a sense of why the nurse decided to enter this particular field of nursing. Second, they may be interested in hearing about the nurse's motivations for pursuing a career in clinical research nursing specifically. This question can be important because it can help the interviewer to understand the nurse's passion for the field and her reasons for wanting to enter it. Additionally, it can give the interviewer some insight into the nurse's thought process and how she goes about making decisions regarding her career.

Example: “ I have always been interested in the medical field and helping others. When I learned about clinical research nursing, I saw it as a way to combine my two passions. I believe that clinical research nurses play a vital role in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care. I am excited to be a part of this important work. ”

Clinical research nurses are specially trained to work with patients who are participating in clinical trials. They are responsible for ensuring that the trial is conducted according to protocol and that the patients are safe and comfortable. They also collect data from the patients that will be used to assess the efficacy of the new treatment.

It is important for the interviewer to understand what sets clinical research nurses apart from other types of nurses so that they can gauge whether the candidate is a good fit for the position. Clinical research nurses must have excellent communication and organizational skills, as well as a strong knowledge of clinical research methodology. They must also be able to maintain a high level of professional conduct at all times.

Example: “ There are several factors that set clinical research nurses apart from other types of nurses. First, clinical research nurses have a deep understanding of the scientific process and how to apply it to patient care. They are able to work closely with investigators to design and implement clinical trials that will answer important questions about new treatments and therapies. Second, clinical research nurses have the skills and training necessary to care for patients with complex medical needs. They are able to provide comprehensive care during all phases of a clinical trial, from screening and enrollment through follow-up and data collection. Finally, clinical research nurses are passionate advocates for their patients. They work tirelessly to ensure that patients receive the best possible care and that their rights are protected throughout the clinical trial process. ”

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question. First, they may be trying to gauge the clinical research nurse's level of experience and expertise. Second, they may be trying to identify any areas where the clinical research nurse may need additional training or education. Finally, they may be trying to get a sense of the clinical research nurse's priorities and focus when it comes to their work. Ultimately, it is important for the interviewer to get a sense of the clinical research nurse's understanding of the challenges faced by their field in order to ensure that they are the right fit for the position.

Example: “ There are a few challenges that come to mind when thinking about the role of a clinical research nurse. First, coordinating and managing the care of patients who are participating in clinical trials can be complex and time-consuming. Second, keeping up with the constantly changing landscape of clinical research can be challenging, as new trials are constantly being developed and new treatments are emerging. Finally, educating and communicating with patients about their participation in clinical trials is crucial, but can be difficult, especially if the trial is complex or the patient is experiencing a serious illness. ”

One of the reasons why an interviewer might ask this question is to gauge the clinical research nurse's understanding of the role. It is important for the clinical research nurse to be able to articulate the benefits of the role in order to effectively sell themselves to potential employers. Additionally, this question allows the interviewer to get a sense of the clinical research nurse's motivation for pursuing this career.

Example: “ The biggest benefits of working as a clinical research nurse are the ability to make a difference in people's lives and the opportunity to work with cutting-edge treatments. Clinical research nurses have the unique opportunity to be on the frontlines of medical research and to help bring new treatments and therapies to patients. In addition, clinical research nurses often form close bonds with their patients and their families, which can be incredibly rewarding. ”

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question to a clinical research nurse. First, it allows the interviewer to gauge the nurse's understanding of the role of a clinical research nurse. Second, it allows the interviewer to see how the nurse prioritizes the various aspects of the job. Finally, it provides the interviewer with insight into the nurse's thought process and how they approach their work.

The most important thing for clinical research nurses to remember is that they are responsible for the safety and well-being of the patients in their care. They must always put the needs of the patients first and ensure that all procedures are followed correctly and that all medications are administered properly. Clinical research nurses must also be able to effectively communicate with both patients and doctors in order to ensure that everyone is on the same page and that all instructions are understood.

Example: “ The most important thing for clinical research nurses to remember is to always put the safety of the patients first. This means that they should never sacrifice patient safety in order to meet deadlines or budget constraints. Additionally, clinical research nurses should always be aware of the latest research and developments in their field in order to ensure that their patients are receiving the best possible care. ”

The interviewer is trying to gauge the Clinical Research Nurse's level of satisfaction with their job in order to determine how likely they are to stay with the company. It is important to know how satisfied employees are with their jobs because turnover can be very costly for businesses.

Example: “ The best part of working as a clinical research nurse is the opportunity to be involved in cutting-edge research and to make a difference in the lives of patients. Clinical research nurses have the unique opportunity to work closely with patients and their families, providing them with support and care during a difficult time. In addition, clinical research nurses often have the chance to work with leading researchers in their field and to be involved in groundbreaking research. ”

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question. First, they may be trying to gauge your level of experience and see if you have a realistic view of the challenges of the job. Second, they may be trying to identify any areas of improvement that they can help you with. Finally, they may be trying to get a sense of your overall attitude towards the job and see if you are likely to be a good fit for the position.

Example: “ The worst part of working as a clinical research nurse is the long hours. Sometimes you may have to work 12-hour shifts or even longer if there is a clinical trial going on. This can be very tiring and stressful, especially if you are working with patients who are very sick. ”

There are many potential challenges that clinical research patients may face. These can include logistical challenges such as transportation to and from research sites, financial challenges related to the costs of participating in a clinical trial, or psychological challenges associated with the stress of participating in research.

It is important for clinical research nurses to be aware of these potential challenges so that they can effectively support and advocate for their patients. By understanding the challenges that patients may face, nurses can help to ensure that clinical trials are accessible and safe for all participants.

Example: “ There are many potential challenges that clinical research patients may face. Some of the most common and significant ones include: 1. Informed consent: Patients must be fully informed about all aspects of the research study before they can give their consent to participate. This can be a challenge if the study is complex or if the patient has limited literacy or cognitive abilities. 2. Adherence to protocol: Patients may find it difficult to adhere to the requirements of the study protocol, such as taking medication as prescribed or attending all scheduled appointments. 3. Side effects: Some clinical research studies involve interventions that carry a risk of side effects. These may be mild, such as headache or nausea, or more serious, such as organ damage or death. 4. Financial burden: Clinical research studies often require patients to cover some or all of the costs associated with participation, such as travel expenses and laboratory tests. This can be a significant financial burden for some patients. 5. Time commitment: Participation in a clinical research study often requires a significant time commitment, which may not be possible for some patients due to work or family obligations. ”

There are many benefits to participating in clinical research, including gaining access to new treatments, contributing to medical knowledge, and improving the quality of healthcare. As a clinical research nurse, you play a vital role in ensuring that these benefits are realized by patients and families. By asking this question, the interviewer is gauging your understanding of the importance of clinical research and your commitment to ensuring that patients and families receive the full benefit of participating in studies.

Example: “ There are many benefits of participating in clinical research, including: 1. Contributing to medical knowledge and advances: By participating in clinical research, patients can help contribute to the development of new treatments and therapies. This is particularly important for rare diseases or conditions where there is limited research available. 2. Access to new treatments: Patients who participate in clinical research often have access to new and innovative treatments that are not yet available to the general public. This can be an invaluable opportunity for patients with serious or life-threatening conditions. 3. Close monitoring: Patients who participate in clinical research are usually closely monitored by medical staff. This allows for early detection and treatment of any potential problems that may arise. 4. Personalised care: Clinical trials often involve a higher level of personalised care than standard medical care, as patients are typically seen more frequently by medical staff. This can be beneficial for both the patient and their caregivers. 5. Improved quality of life: Many patients who participate in clinical research report an improved quality of life as a result of their involvement. This can be due to a number of factors, including access to new treatments, close monitoring, and personalised care. ”

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question to a clinical research nurse. First, it allows the interviewer to gauge the nurse's level of experience and knowledge about clinical research patients. Second, it allows the interviewer to get a sense of the nurse's bedside manner and whether they would be able to effectively communicate with and care for clinical research patients. Finally, this question allows the interviewer to get a sense of the nurse's priorities when it comes to patient care. In general, it is important for clinical research nurses to remember that every patient is different and that each patient's needs should be considered on an individual basis.

Example: “ The most important thing for clinical research patients to remember is to follow their treatment plan and medication schedule as prescribed by their doctor. It is also important to keep track of their symptoms and report any changes to their doctor. ”

An interviewer might ask this question to get a sense of why the nurse is interested in clinical research, and what they think the benefits of participating in research are. This can help the interviewer understand the nurse's motivations and whether they are a good fit for the position. Additionally, this question can help the interviewer gauge the nurse's level of experience and knowledge about clinical research.

Example: “ The best part of participating in clinical research is the opportunity to contribute to advances in medical knowledge and treatment. Clinical research helps develop new treatments and improve existing ones. It also provides patients with access to new and innovative treatments that may not be available through traditional channels. Participation in clinical research can be a rewarding experience for both patients and researchers. ”

The interviewer is asking this question to get a sense of the clinical research nurse's experience and to see if they have any negative feedback about participating in clinical research. It is important to know if the clinical research nurse has any concerns about the research process so that these can be addressed. Additionally, this question can help to identify any areas where the clinical research nurse feels that improvements could be made.

Example: “ There are a few potential worst parts of participating in clinical research, depending on the individual's perspective. One possibility is that the research treatments may not be effective, and may even cause harm. There is also the possibility of feeling like a guinea pig or lab rat, as the research subjects are often closely monitored and may have little control over the situation. Additionally, there is always the chance that something could go wrong, either with the research itself or with the health of the participants. ”

The interviewer is trying to gauge the clinical research nurse's understanding of the research process and the challenges that can arise. It is important for the interviewer to know if the nurse is aware of the potential difficulties that may be encountered during a study, as this can impact the study's success. Additionally, the interviewer wants to know if the nurse is able to identify and solve problems that may arise.

Example: “ There are many challenges faced by clinical researchers, but some of the biggest ones include: 1. Ensuring that research is ethical and responsible 2. Conducting research that is high quality and rigorous 3. Obtaining funding for research projects 4. Recruiting and retaining participants for studies 5. Managing data effectively ”

There are several reasons why an interviewer might ask this question. First, it allows the interviewer to gauge the nurse's understanding of the role of a clinical researcher. Second, it gives the interviewer some insight into the nurse's motivations for pursuing a career in clinical research. Finally, it allows the interviewer to assess the nurse's ability to articulate the benefits of the role.

The role of a clinical researcher is important because they are responsible for conducting research that will improve the quality of patient care. They work closely with other healthcare professionals to design and implement studies that will generate new knowledge about diseases and treatments. Clinical researchers must be able to effectively communicate the results of their studies to other healthcare professionals, so that this new knowledge can be used to improve patient care.

Example: “ The biggest benefits of working as a clinical researcher are the ability to make a difference in people's lives and the satisfaction of knowing that you are contributing to improving public health. As a clinical researcher, you have the opportunity to work on groundbreaking research that has the potential to change the way we treat diseases and improve patient care. This is an extremely rewarding career choice for those who are passionate about making a difference in the world. ”

There are a few reasons why an interviewer might ask this question to a clinical research nurse. First, it allows the interviewer to gauge the nurse's understanding of the clinical research process. Second, it allows the interviewer to see how the nurse prioritizes the various aspects of clinical research. Finally, it gives the interviewer insight into the nurse's personal philosophy on clinical research.

The most important thing for clinical researchers to remember is that they are working with human subjects. This means that the research must be designed and conducted in a way that protects the subjects' safety and well-being. Clinical researchers must also be aware of the ethical implications of their work and ensure that they are acting in the best interests of their subjects.

Example: “ There are a few things that clinical researchers should keep in mind in order to be successful. First and foremost, it is important to remember that clinical research is all about helping people. Researchers should always keep the patients’ best interests at heart and work to find treatments that will improve their quality of life. Secondly, clinical research takes a lot of time and patience. It is important to be prepared for long hours and setbacks. Finally, clinical research is a team effort. No one researcher can do it all alone. It is important to build strong relationships with fellow researchers and support staff in order to create a successful clinical research program. ”

There are several reasons why an interviewer might ask this question. First, they may be trying to gauge your level of satisfaction with your current position. Second, they may be curious about what you believe are the most important aspects of your job. Finally, they may be hoping to gain insights into your future career plans.

It is important for clinical research nurses to be able to articulate the best parts of their job because it demonstrates that they are engaged with their work and are committed to their career. Additionally, this question can provide the interviewer with valuable information about what you believe are the most important aspects of clinical research and what motivates you to continue working in this field.

Example: “ There are many great aspects to working as a clinical researcher. One of the best parts is the opportunity to be on the cutting edge of medical science and help develop new treatments that can improve people's lives. Additionally, clinical researchers often have the chance to work closely with patients and see firsthand the impact that their work can have. This can be a very rewarding experience. ”

The interviewer is likely trying to gauge the clinical research nurse's experience and understanding of the research process. It is important for the clinical research nurse to be able to identify potential problems that could occur during a study and have a plan to mitigate those risks. By asking this question, the interviewer can get a sense of the clinical research nurse's critical thinking skills and their ability to identify and solve problems.

Example: “ The worst part of working as a clinical researcher is the long hours. Clinical researchers often work long hours, including evenings and weekends. This can be very demanding and can take a toll on your personal life. ”

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1. What inspired you to become a research nurse?

Answer: I have always been interested in the medical field, and the idea of conducting studies to improve patient care and treatment intrigued me. I am passionate about contributing to the advancement of medicine, and research nursing allows me to do so.

2. What do you think are the most important qualities for a research nurse to possess?

Answer: I believe that a research nurse should be detail-oriented, organized, and able to work independently. They should also have strong communication skills, be able to work effectively in a team, and have a commitment to ethical research practices.

3. How do you ensure patient safety and confidentiality during a clinical trial?

Answer: I comply with all protocols outlined by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and make sure that all study participants give informed consent. I also maintain accurate and secure records and protect patient information by only sharing it with authorized personnel.

4. What steps do you take to ensure accurate data collection and analysis?

Answer: I ensure that all data is collected and recorded accurately and stored securely. I follow established protocols and standards for data collection, including using validated instruments and making sure that all data is entered correctly into databases. I also collaborate with other researchers to conduct statistical analyses and ensure that we draw valid conclusions from the data.

5. How do you maintain clinical trial compliance with local, state, and federal regulations?

Answer: I am familiar with all applicable regulations and follow established protocols to ensure that the trial meets the standards mandated by local, state, and federal agencies. I keep up-to-date with any changes in regulations to ensure that the trial is conducted ethically and legally.

6. How do you communicate research findings to healthcare providers and the general public?

Answer: I present research findings through publications, scientific conferences, and online media. I also collaborate with other healthcare providers to ensure that the findings are applied in clinical practice whenever possible.

7. How do you handle conflicts of interest in a clinical trial?

Answer: I identify any potential conflicts of interest upfront and address them in the study protocol. I also follow established guidelines for disclosure and manage any conflicts that arise ethically and transparently.

8. What strategies do you use to recruit study participants?

Answer: I use a variety of strategies, including contacting healthcare providers, placing ads in local media, and leveraging social media networks. I also explain the study protocol and its benefits to participants and answer any questions they may have.

9. How do you handle adverse events during a clinical trial?

Answer: I follow established protocols for handling adverse events, including monitoring study participants closely and reporting any adverse events to the IRB and regulatory agencies promptly. I also work closely with healthcare providers to ensure that participants receive appropriate treatment and care.

10. Can you walk me through the various stages of a clinical trial?

Answer: The stages of a clinical trial include planning and design, recruitment and enrollment, data collection and analysis, and reporting and dissemination of findings.

11. How do you keep up-to-date with the latest medical research and trends?

Answer: I attend conferences, read scientific journals and publications, and network with other healthcare professionals. I also participate in continuing education to ensure that my skills and knowledge remain current.

12. How do you handle unexpected changes in a clinical trial protocol?

Answer: I adopt a flexible, collaborative approach and work with other researchers and stakeholders to ensure that the study continues with minimal disruption. I also report any changes to the IRB and regulatory agencies as required.

13. Can you tell me about a situation where you had to make a difficult ethical decision?

Answer: I recount a situation where you had to weigh the ethics and morality of a situation and make a judgment call. You need to articulate your thought process, your decision-making process, and the outcome of your decision.

14. How do you ensure that study participants comply with the study protocol?

Answer: I provide clear instructions and explanations of the study protocol to participants and monitor their compliance throughout the study. I also develop contingency plans to address any challenges that may arise during the study.

15. Can you talk about a time when you had to resolve a conflict with a colleague or stakeholder during a study?

Answer: I explain a situation where you had to resolve a conflict with a colleague or other stakeholder while maintaining a positive and productive working relationship. You need to articulate your communication, your problem-solving abilities, and how you resolved the conflict.

16. How do you ensure that study data is accurate and reliable?

Answer: I ensure that study data is accurate and reliable by using reliable data sources, validating data collection methods, and ensuring that data is entered correctly into databases. I also conduct periodic quality checks to identify any errors or omissions.

17. Can you explain the statistical methods you use in data analysis?

Answer: I use a range of statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and data visualization techniques. I also collaborate with statisticians and other researchers to ensure that we draw valid conclusions from the data.

18. How do you prioritize your workload when managing multiple studies simultaneously?

Answer: I prioritize my workload by setting clear goals and deadlines, delegating responsibilities when appropriate, and using project management tools to track progress. I also communicate regularly with other team members to ensure that we are on track to meet our objectives.

19. Can you tell me about a situation where you used critical thinking to resolve a problem during a study?

Answer: I explain a situation where you used critical thinking and problem-solving skills to resolve a challenge during a study. You need to articulate your approach, steps taken, and the outcome of the situation.

20. How do you evaluate the success of a clinical trial?

Answer: I evaluate the success of a clinical trial by assessing whether the study met its objectives, whether it produced meaningful results, and whether it adhered to ethical and regulatory standards. I also take into account feedback from study participants and other stakeholders.

In conclusion, these are some of the most common research nurse interview questions and answers. By preparing well for these questions, you can demonstrate your qualifications and suitability for the role, and increase your chances of landing the position.

How to Prepare for Research Nurse Interview

Preparing for a research nurse interview can be daunting, especially if you are not sure what to expect. But with some preparation and research, you can increase your confidence and chances of success. Below are some tips to help you prepare for your research nurse interview.

1. Research the Company

Before going for the interview, make sure you do your research about the company. Check out their website, read their mission statement, and learn about their products or services. This information will help you understand the company culture and what they are looking for in prospective employees.

2. Brush up Your Knowledge and Skills

Make sure you brush up on your knowledge and skills related to research and nursing. Review the essential research methods, data collection, and data analysis techniques. Also, understand the nursing code of ethics, patient care, and safety guidelines. This knowledge will give you confidence when answering specific questions during your interview.

3. Understand the Role

It's essential to understand the role of a research nurse before your interview. Research nurses are clinicians who provide care to patients participating in research studies. They must have excellent communication skills, be familiar with the research protocol, and ensure the safety of study participants. Knowing this will help you tailor your responses to the employer's expectations.

4. Practice Your Interview Skills

Practice your answers to the most common interview questions to make sure your responses are clear, concise, and engaging. Record yourself and analyze your performance. Practicing this way will enable you to improve your speaking skills, body language, delivery speed, and tone of voice.

5. Prepare for Behavioral Questions

Employers nowadays ask behavioral questions during interviews. These questions give them an understanding of how you have acted in the past in various situations. Some examples of behavioral questions are "Tell me about a time you had to deal with a difficult patient" or "Give me an instance when you had to work collaboratively with a team". Think about potential behavioral questions and prepare answers that highlight your skills that are relevant to the position.

6. Dress Professionally

Remember to dress professionally, as this demonstrates that you respect the job opportunity and are taking it seriously. Ensure that your outfit is neat, comfortable, and clean. Dressing professionally will show the interviewer that you are responsible and organized.

7. Follow-Up After the Interview

After your interview, send a thank-you email or note to the interviewer. Briefly thank them for the chance to interview and express your excitement to hear about their hiring decision. This act of appreciation makes you stand out amongst other candidates, which increases your chances of securing the job.

Preparing for a research nurse interview can be overwhelming, but following these tips will ensure that you approach the interview with confidence and subsequently increase your chances of being hired.

Common Interview Mistake

Dressing inappropriately.

How you present yourself can influence the interviewer's first impression of you. Dress appropriately for the company's culture. When in doubt, it's better to be slightly overdressed than underdressed.

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29 March 2023

Job Interview Questions for Clinical Research Nurses

Jessica Trigg Band 6 Registered Nurse
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Richard Gill

Currently, there is a national drive to make research more visible and accessible in the NHS, so that both healthcare practitioners and the public can easily participate in research. With so many developments, it’s an exciting time to be in post…

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Understand The Context

History: Read a little about the development of research over the last century and educate yourself about the pivotal historical moments which have shaped current practices, such as the notorious Nuremberg Trials, and the subsequent Declaration of Helsinki in 1964.

Regulations: Research is regulated by legal and ethical frameworks which ensure it is carried out to the highest standards in the safest possible manner. The Gold Standard is the Good Clinical Practice set of guidelines. You may be asked to name one or two of these, or at least show you are familiar with their purpose. You can find out more about GCP on the National Institute of Health and Care Research website, which is the main body which funds and supports the delivery of research across the UK.

Legality: You might be asked to explain the importance of informed consent, which needs to be given by every participant before taking part in a research study. Clinical Research Nurses play an important role in helping participants to understand what the trial involves, and making sure they are fully aware of both the risks and potential benefits.

Educate yourself about the basic aspects involved in clinical trials. For example, each site (i.e., a research unit in a hospital) has a Principal Investigator, usually a consultant or highly qualified clinician who has overall responsibility for the safety and delivery of the trial. Research Nurses work closely with the PI during the set-up and delivery of the trial, and regularly require their input to clinically evaluate results and give guidance and support.

The backbone of each clinical trial is the Protocol, which gives exact instructions for every element involved in the delivery of the trial. It is the manual which must be followed at all times to ensure research is effective, accurate and safe for every participant taking part.

So, the more you can learn about clinical trials, and the role of the Research Nurse , the better you will be prepared to answer questions which relate to the research context.

Currently, there is a national drive to make research more visible and accessible in the NHS, so that both healthcare practitioners and the public can easily participate in research. With so many developments, it’s an exciting time to be in post…

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Demonstrating Knowledge And Understanding

Every employer has their own criteria of how much research background they require a candidate to have. This should be specified in the job description, so if a post states that a research background is preferable but not essential, you still have a fair chance. You will need to demonstrate that you have the willingness to learn, transferable skills, and some understanding of the context in which research takes place.

If you have experience working on a research project, all the better. Recap what you worked on and be prepared to talk about the findings of the study and what you learnt during the process. If you don’t have any background working in research, perhaps you have participated in a research trial, or know someone who has.

Find out about current research studies in the specialty you are interested in applying for. For example, if you are attending an interview for a cardiac unit, see what studies are being undertaken in this area. You can find out more information on the NIHR, and you can also use Google Scholar to run a general search of the available evidence. Make sure you check the sources, and remember, you don’t need to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of entire studies. Just focus on widening your awareness of the current research field and any developments or exciting breakthroughs that have taken place.

If you can, talk to other people who work in research. This may be other nurses, but it doesn’t need to be. Clinical trials consist of a variety of roles, such as data managers, clinical trial research associates, and administrative assistants. See who you can find and ask them questions. They will likely be happy to help and share their knowledge with you.

Sometimes, you may be asked to prepare a brief presentation about a relevant research issue, such as an aspect of trial delivery. Again, this is an opportunity to demonstrate some understanding of the Research Nurse role, and some of the challenges involved in running clinical trials. You can read more about the daily life of a Research Nurse here for further information.

Transferable Skills

Lastly, consider your transferable skills. Clinical experience is usually a prerequisite for research roles, because you will be caring for patients and ensuring their safety for the duration of the study, and in the follow-up period after the trial finishes.

If you are applying for a job in an area where you have a specialism, then all the better. Your clinical knowledge and skills will be an asset to the team, especially during screening and study visits. Even if you are applying to an area which is completely different to anything you have worked in before, don’t panic. Nursing involves a complex set of skills which are highly transferable.

Here’s a few examples of questions that may come up:

● Can you think of a time when you demonstrated good record keeping skills?

Paying close attention to detail is vital when you work in research, because you will need to keep thorough and accurate records to ensure research findings are reliable and easy to trace for auditing purposes.

● Can you give an example of a situation where you had to prioritise your time to meet a deadline?

Research is a dynamic and often fast-paced environment that requires you to adapt to a variety of tasks and deadlines- something you will be used to if you work in clinical settings.

● Tell me about a situation where you cared for a patient who was dealing with a new diagnosis, or a terminal condition?

Demonstrate how you helped the person to understand what this means and supported them to manage their symptoms, so they were less debilitating.

Currently, there is a national drive to make research more visible and accessible in the NHS, so that both healthcare practitioners and the public can easily participate in research. With so many developments, it’s an exciting time to be in post, and there are many opportunities to develop and progress in your career.

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A Final Word

Remember the last word in the job role title is ‘nurse’. Do your research for the role and be open to learning and confident in your ability to treat and care for your patients- the rest will follow.

About the author

I am Band 6 Registered Nurse working in a variety of settings; district nursing, hospital avoidance teams, a rehabilitation unit, a complex care 24-hour nursing home, and the first UK nurse-led Neighbourhood Nursing pilot scheme. I currently work part-time as a Clinical Research Nurse, at Oxford University Respiratory Trials Unit, as well as as a District Nurse. I am passionate about healthcare outreach/inclusion and connecting healthcare organisations with marginalised groups through writing.

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Questions to Ask When Interviewing a Research Nurse

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In research, nurses play a central role in collecting data and caring for patients participating in studies. Unlike most registered nurses, who primarily provide direct patient care in clinical settings, research nurses need to highlight their skills in both areas during interviews. When you’re looking to hire a research nurse, weigh the clinical talents with the direct-care skills in each of your candidates.

How Do You Maintain Accuracy in Research Studies?

It’s vital that research nurses follow directions explicitly. The findings of a research project can be severely compromised if patients do not receive the correct drug dosage, for example, or if the study protocol is not followed exactly. Ask for examples of complicated projects the nurse has been involved in or for explanations of how the nurse reacts when given precise formulas. Ask for examples of when the nurse had to follow in-depth directions. Request referrals that speak to the nurse’s detail-oriented experience.

What Would You Do If a Patient Didn’t Understand the Consent Form?

Put the nurse applicant on the spot with questions that give you a glimpse into her decision-making process and behavior. Create scenarios likely to occur in the course of working in the research facility and ask the applicant how she would deal with the issue. It’s crucial, for example, that patients in research studies understand the protocol and sign a consent form for treatment. A question about the consent process may uncover whether the nurse is independent and takes it on herself to explain treatments to patients, or whether she’s a team player who prefers to bring in superiors when questioned. This question reveals both types of nurses, giving you an opportunity to fill the slot with the kind of professional your practice needs.

What Research Projects Have You Worked On?

Look for the experience and education you seek by asking the candidate to talk about specific projects he has completed or participated in. The Ph.D. holder may have a slew of examples he performed while studying for his degree. The master’s degree holder may have papers he wrote on research subjects or experience in a previous job. According to the National Student Nurses Association, nurses with a bachelor’s degree utilize research in their work, while master’s and Ph.D. level nurses lead research projects. You’ll need experienced researchers if you expect your nursing staff to create and implement research projects.

What Professional Organizations Do You Belong To?

Extracurricular activities often convey a candidate's level of commitment to their field. Professional organizations, such as the International Association of Clinical Research Nurses, provide nurses with opportunities for continuing education and networking among their peers. Committed nurses usually belong to groups that promote excellence in their profession. These are often involved in promoting continued research and development of the nurse researcher position. Additionally, activities show that a candidate has a direct link to continuing education and developments in the field, so she can keep up credentials and certifications and increase her level of expertise and specialty development.

Salisbury University: Nursing Interview Questions
National Institutes of Health: Clinical Research Nursing
Explore Health Careers.org: Nurse Researcher
International Association of Clinical Research Nurses: About us
National Student Nurses Association: Researcher and Scholar in Nursing

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Preparing for a research nurse interview, posted on feb 15, 2016 by kelly gleason in professional development , research.

Interviews (including research nurse interviews) can be terrifying, but preparation can go a long way in settling your nerves and helping you to make a good impression and put your best self forward. There are some things you can do prior to the interview and some likely questions you can prepare for in advance.

Before the Interview

Do your research on the organisation and/or the researchers you will be working with. Will the role focus on a specific area of research or will you be required to cover a wide range of diseases? Will you be working for one investigator or many? You can find information about organisations on the their website, their social media profiles or by searching Pub Med for publications of specific researchers who may be on the panel or whose research you will be supporting if chosen for the role. If the advert or job description does not specify a researcher, do ask as this is a great way to distinguish yourself from the pack.

You may want to notify your referees that you are attending the interview so that they are prepared to supply a reference promptly if you are chosen for the role. This helps to speed the HR process which can otherwise delay your new contract.

It is a good idea to go over your CV and be prepared to explain your work history succinctly including any potential problematic aspects such as gaps in employment, short working periods with specific employers and reasons for leaving previous roles. It is likely they will ask you to give a summary of what you have done to date and then ask why you are applying for this particular job.

Read the job description and essential/desirable criteria very closely. Make sure you can demonstrate where you meet criteria and where you may not. If there are areas where you lack expereince do learn all you can about this area to be able to demonstrate at least theoretical knowledge, willingness to learn and initiative. For example, if the role expects you to collect, process and store human tissue and you are unfamiliar with the Human Tissue Act, read about it and learn its basic principles so you can apply this knowledge in your answers to interviewers’ questions.

In my experience, candidates who are invited for interview who make the effort to visit the lab or facility prior to interview have a slight advantage. The employer has the opportunity to get to know the person a little more and the candidate then has a clearer picture of the role and how it fits into the organisation and the current team. If possible, I would ask to visit prior to the interview but this may just be a personal preference.

Interview questions

It is a good idea to anticipate some interview questions, the questions you prepare for may not be exactly what you are asked in the research nurse interview but they will help you review some of the regulations and processes that guide the planning and management of clinical research in healthcare.

GCP It is very likely that if you are applying for a research role, you will be asked about GCP (Good Clinical Practice). Be prepared with a definition or an explanation in your own words about what GCP is, how it came to be and why and how it is used in clinical research.

If this is the first research role you are applying for, do take a GCP course prior to the interview. It will better prepare you for the interview and will demonstrate your determination and zeal for moving into clinical research.

Informed Consent Another question that you may be asked would be around informed consent. Informed consent is covered partly in GCP (which lists the 20 elements to include in the informed consent process) but it is also one of the four competencies for all clinical research nurses. Reading about the competency will give you an idea of what will be expected of you around consent in your role (the competency covers Band 5 to 8).

Competency 3 – To understand, apply and promote the principles and practice of obtaining valid informed consent.

Confidentiality It is good to review the Data Protection Act and to demonstrate how confidentiality is maintained in research i.e. participant numbers, anonymising documents. You may also want to think aobut how you would maintain confidentiality in more challenging situations i.e. working on various sites or in the community, keeping patient data on web-based databases, USB sticks or sharing data between organisations.

It is also a good idea to know the role of the Caldecott Guardian in ensuring confidentiality of patient information in clinical research.

Safety Reporting Review the terms used for the various categories of adverse events and how each one is dealt with. It is important to know timelines for reporting SAEs (Serious Adverse Events) and SUSARs (Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions) and why these timelines exist. This will demonstrate a good understanding of the importance of phamacovigilance in managing clinical trials. If you are not clinically trained, but have worked at a Clinical Trial Practitioner or Coordinator, demonstrate you understand how and when to escalate clinical issues keeping patient safety your number one priority.

Approval process for clinical research/clinical trials Your role may involve setting up studies but even if it does not, it is good to have an understanding of the process of setting up a study or a clinical trial. A good website to show the steps in planning and managing a clinical trial is CT Toolkit .

More general questions You will likely be asked about handling difficult situations whether that be relating to people, processes or working to tight deadlines. Think about what you have done in the past and what strategies you use in difficult situations. Are you a good mediator? Are you good at initiating difficult conversations? Are you resourceful? What skills or talents do you use in difficult situations?

People are often asked about their weaknesses and strengths. It is a good idea to identify these so you can promote your strengths and present strategies that help you minimise your weaknesses. Marcus Buckingham has spent his career researching strengths and weaknesses and we cover this in Developing Yourself in Clinical Research .

You may also be asked about your 5 year plan or even a 10 year plan. Make sure you include how this role will help you achieve your more long-term goals and how this role contributes to the bigger picture. When JFK (John F. Kennedy, former President of The United States) visited the NASA Space Centre in 1962, he asked the janitor what he was doing. The janitor’s response was “Mr President, I am helping to put a man on the moon.” No matter who we are in a health organisation, we are all serving and we are all contributing to a vision or mission greater than ourselves.

My favourite question that a professor I work with often uses is what are you most proud of? This question allows you to see what a person truly thinks is important, it tells you somethign about their character and their beliefs. I always feel it is a great way to end the interviewers questioning.

Be prepared with questions yourself

Bring any questions you have along with you, if you write them down in a notebook, you are less likely to forget them. They may be about professional development, training support for the role, contract lengths and career opportunities within the organisation.

On the day, if you have prepared well, you can relax in knowing you are ready. Make sure you know how to get to the location the interview is taking place and who you should contact on arrival. Give yourself plenty of time to get there; being late for an interview does not make a great impression. Bring a bottle of water, a notepad (with your questions listed) and pen, your certificates and your passport in case they wish to make copies on the day. I like to bring a copy of the JD (Job Description), copies of my CV (Curriculum Vitae) and my invitation to interview. If there are any problems, I have all the details with me and it just makes me feel more prepared.

Wear something professional that makes you feel both comfortable and confident, take deep breathes and give it your best shot!

For an overview of clinical trial management or how GCP applies to your every day job you may wish to attend Clinical Research: Getting Started! and if you are looking to develop and move on to a diffferent role, you may wish to investigate Developing Yourself in Clinical Research .

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30 Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator Interview Questions and Answers

Common Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator interview questions, how to answer them, and example answers from a certified career coach.

In the dynamic world of clinical research, a nurse coordinator stands at the intersection of patient care and scientific innovation. As you prepare for your upcoming interview for such a critical role, it’s essential to demonstrate not only your nursing expertise but also your ability to manage complex trials and ensure each study’s integrity.

This article aims to equip you with a comprehensive list of potential interview questions specifically tailored for Clinical Research Nurse Coordinators. We’ll provide sample answers and insights into what employers are looking for, thereby enabling you to approach your interview confidently and effectively.

1. What experience do you have in clinical research nursing?

This question is critical because it helps the interviewer gauge your practical experience in clinical research nursing. As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, you’ll be responsible for managing and coordinating clinical research studies, which requires specialized knowledge and skills. The interviewer wants to ensure that you have the necessary experience to manage the demands of this role effectively.

Example: “I have over seven years of experience in clinical research nursing. I’ve worked on several clinical trials, focusing primarily on oncology and cardiology studies. My responsibilities included patient recruitment, data collection, and ensuring compliance with protocols.

My role also involved liaising between various stakeholders such as doctors, patients, and the research team to ensure smooth operation of the trial. This required strong communication and organizational skills, which I believe are crucial for a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator.

Moreover, my background in nursing has equipped me with the necessary medical knowledge and patient care skills. I am also certified by the Association of Clinical Research Professionals, demonstrating my commitment to this field.”

2. How would you handle a participant’s adverse reaction during a trial?

The crux of this question lies in your ability to manage unexpected and potentially critical situations. Clinical trials often involve unknowns, and participants may have adverse reactions. Your ability to quickly and effectively respond to such situations is vital. It also tests your knowledge of protocols related to adverse events and your ability to maintain patient safety, which is a key aspect of a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator’s role.

Example: “In the event of an adverse reaction during a trial, my immediate priority would be to ensure participant safety. I’d halt the administration of the trial medication and provide necessary medical attention.

I’d then document the incident thoroughly, including the participant’s symptoms, onset time, and any interventions made. This information is crucial for further investigation by the research team and IRB.

Next, I would report the incident promptly to the principal investigator and the ethics committee following regulatory guidelines.

Finally, communication with the participant is key. I’d explain what happened, potential implications, and next steps in a compassionate and transparent manner.”

3. Describe your understanding of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines.

Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines are fundamental to the role of a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator. They ensure the ethical and scientific quality of clinical trials, safeguarding the rights, safety, and well-being of all trial subjects. By asking this question, hiring managers want to verify that you have a solid understanding of these guidelines and can apply them in your daily work, which is critical for maintaining the integrity of the research and ensuring patient safety.

Example: “Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines are international ethical and scientific quality standards for designing, conducting, recording, and reporting trials involving human subjects. Compliance assures that the rights, safety, and wellbeing of trial participants are protected and consistent with the principles originating from the Declaration of Helsinki.

These guidelines also ensure credibility and accuracy in data collection and interpretation. They provide a benchmark for the conduct of clinical research and define roles and responsibilities of sponsors, investigators, and monitors.

As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, adhering to GCP is essential to maintain integrity, protect patients’ rights, and produce reliable study results.”

4. Have you ever had to manage protocol deviations? How did you address it?

This question is designed to gauge your understanding and handling of protocol deviations, a key aspect in clinical research. It’s critical to maintain the integrity of the study and ensure the safety of participants. Thus, your ability to identify, manage, and report deviations effectively is a significant factor in ensuring compliance and success in clinical trials.

Example: “Yes, I have managed protocol deviations in clinical research. When they occurred, I first ensured the safety of the patient involved. Then, I documented the deviation and reported it to the principal investigator and the Institutional Review Board as per regulations.

To prevent future occurrences, I conducted training sessions for the team on adhering strictly to protocols and understanding the implications of deviations. Also, I implemented a more robust monitoring system to detect any potential deviations early. This approach not only resolved the immediate issue but also helped improve the overall quality of our research process.”

5. In what ways have you ensured data integrity in previous roles?

As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, data integrity is a cornerstone of your role. Ensuring that data is accurate, consistent, and reliable is absolutely critical in clinical research. Mistakes can lead to false conclusions, wasted resources, and can even endanger patient health. As such, employers want to be confident that you have a strong track record of maintaining data integrity and can be trusted to handle sensitive data responsibly.

Example: “In my experience, data integrity is crucial in clinical research. I have ensured this by implementing strict protocols for data collection and entry. This includes double-checking information entered into databases, using standardized forms to reduce errors, and regularly auditing the data.

I also believe in comprehensive staff training on data management procedures. This ensures everyone understands the importance of accuracy and consistency in data handling.

Furthermore, I’ve utilized secure and reliable digital systems that automatically back up data. This not only protects against loss but also allows for easy tracking and correction of any discrepancies.

These measures collectively ensure high-quality, trustworthy data, which is fundamental in clinical research.”

6. How do you stay updated with changes in regulatory requirements for clinical trials?

The landscape of clinical trials is ever-changing, with new regulations and guidelines constantly being introduced. This is particularly true in the wake of global health events. Therefore, it’s imperative that a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator is not only aware of these changes, but also proactive in staying up-to-date. This ensures the trials they oversee are compliant, ethical and scientifically sound.

Example: “Staying updated with regulatory changes in clinical trials involves multiple strategies. I regularly attend industry conferences and webinars, which provide insights into emerging trends and updates.

I also subscribe to newsletters and alerts from relevant bodies like the FDA or EMA, ensuring that any new guidelines are promptly communicated. Reading peer-reviewed journals also helps me understand how these changes are applied in real-world settings.

Moreover, participating in professional networks allows for knowledge exchange with peers who may have firsthand experience with new regulations. This multi-faceted approach ensures that I’m always informed about developments in our field.”

7. Please share an instance where you dealt with non-compliance from a study participant.

This question is asked because in the field of clinical research, non-compliance from study participants can be a common and challenging issue. It tests your problem-solving skills, your ability to maintain professional relationships with patients, and your understanding of ethical considerations in research. Your response will help the interviewer gauge your experience, your approach to challenging situations, and your ability to ensure the integrity of the study.

Example: “In a recent clinical trial, we had a participant who was not adhering to the medication regimen. This could have compromised the integrity of the study and skewed results.

I approached the situation by first discussing it with the participant in a non-judgmental manner, trying to understand their reasons for non-compliance. It turned out that they were experiencing side effects which made them uncomfortable.

We then worked together to develop a plan that would minimize discomfort while ensuring compliance. The strategy included symptom management guidance and regular check-ins for support.

This experience highlighted the importance of open communication and problem-solving skills in maintaining study compliance.”

8. How familiar are you with electronic data capture systems used in clinical research?

The digital age has revolutionized many industries, including clinical research. Electronic data capture systems are now at the heart of much research work, playing a vital role in recording, storing, and analyzing data. By asking this question, employers want to gauge your level of familiarity with these systems, ensuring you can seamlessly integrate into their operations and maintain the integrity of their data.

Example: “I have extensive experience with electronic data capture systems in clinical research. These platforms are essential for accurate, efficient data collection and analysis.

My familiarity extends to systems like REDCap and OpenClinica. I’ve used these tools for patient enrollment, data entry, validation, as well as query management.

Understanding the importance of data integrity, I always ensure compliance with data standards and protocols. This includes adhering to guidelines on privacy and confidentiality under HIPAA.

Overall, my proficiency with these systems enhances my ability to coordinate and manage clinical trials effectively.”

9. What strategies do you use to maintain patient confidentiality and privacy during studies?

Patient confidentiality is a cornerstone in the world of healthcare and clinical research. By asking this question, hiring managers want to assess your understanding of this principle, and how effectively you implement measures to ensure patient data is protected. They want to gauge your knowledge of privacy laws, ethical guidelines, and your ability to maintain trust with patients, which is paramount in a clinical research setting.

Example: “To maintain patient confidentiality and privacy, I ensure all data is anonymized before it’s analyzed. This involves replacing names and other identifiable information with unique codes.

I also limit access to patient data to only those directly involved in the study. All team members are trained on confidentiality protocols and sign agreements to uphold these standards.

Furthermore, secure storage systems are used for both electronic and physical data, including password-protected databases and locked filing cabinets.

Lastly, any communication about patients or their data happens through encrypted channels. By following these strategies, we can protect patient privacy while conducting our research.”

10. Share an example when you had to educate a participant about the trial process.

As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, a significant part of your role involves interacting with participants who may have little knowledge about the clinical trial process. They might be anxious, confused, or wary. Your ability to communicate complex medical information in a clear, comforting, and engaging manner is crucial. Therefore, hiring managers are eager to know whether you can transform a potentially intimidating situation into a reassuring and enlightening experience for participants.

Example: “During a pediatric oncology trial, I encountered a family who was apprehensive about their child’s participation. They were overwhelmed by the medical jargon and complex procedures involved.

I took time to simplify the process for them. Using layman terms, I explained each step of the trial from screening to follow-up visits. I emphasized on informed consent, ensuring they understood it wasn’t binding and that they could withdraw at any point if uncomfortable.

To further ease their anxiety, I provided visual aids and pamphlets with easy-to-understand information. By the end of our session, the family felt more confident in their decision-making, demonstrating the importance of clear communication in clinical trials.”

11. How do you ensure informed consent is properly obtained from all participants?

Ensuring informed consent is an essential aspect of clinical research. It safeguards the rights, safety, and welfare of participants. Therefore, interviewers want to ensure that you understand the importance of this process and that you have strategies to ensure it is carried out effectively and ethically.

Example: “To ensure informed consent is properly obtained, I would follow a systematic approach.

I’d start by explaining the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits to participants in simple language. Then, I would check their understanding through questions or teach-back methods.

Next, I would provide them with written information for further review. It’s crucial that they have ample time to consider participation and discuss it with others if needed.

Finally, I would document their consent in writing, ensuring they understand this can be withdrawn at any point without affecting their care. Regular checks on their willingness to continue are also essential throughout the study.”

12. Detail how you’ve managed recruitment challenges in past clinical trials.

Recruiting participants for clinical trials is often one of the biggest challenges a clinical research nurse coordinator faces. It requires a great deal of organization, communication, and problem-solving skills. By asking this question, hiring managers want to understand your approach to overcoming these challenges and see if you can devise creative solutions to keep recruitment efforts on track.

Example: “In managing recruitment challenges for clinical trials, it’s crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the study protocol and inclusion/exclusion criteria. One challenge I faced was low participant enrollment. To address this, I enhanced our outreach strategies by collaborating with patient advocacy groups and utilizing social media platforms.

Another issue was high dropout rates. I implemented regular follow-ups and provided clear communication about trial progress to keep participants engaged. For those apprehensive about side effects, I ensured they were well-informed about potential risks and benefits.

Lastly, dealing with ineligible participants was another hurdle. We refined our pre-screening process to better identify suitable candidates early on, saving time and resources. These strategies significantly improved our recruitment efficiency and participant retention.”

13. Recall an incident where you had to handle ethical issues during a clinical trial.

Ethical considerations are a cornerstone of clinical research. When hiring managers ask this question, they want to assess your understanding of ethical guidelines, how you adhere to them, and how you navigate potential ethical dilemmas. Your response will demonstrate your ability to uphold the highest standards of patient safety, confidentiality, and informed consent, as well as how you handle unexpected ethical challenges during a trial.

Example: “During a clinical trial, I encountered an ethical issue when a participant wanted to withdraw due to side effects. However, the principal investigator was reluctant as it could affect the study’s results.

I prioritized patient safety and autonomy, reminding the investigator of our duty to respect participants’ rights. We discussed this with the ethics committee who supported the participant’s withdrawal. This situation highlighted the importance of balancing research objectives with ethical considerations.”

14. Outline your approach towards monitoring safety signals in ongoing trials.

The question is designed to assess your vigilance and your ability to respond effectively to potential safety concerns. Clinical research, by its very nature, presents risks. Therefore, it’s critical that a clinical research nurse coordinator can identify and interpret safety signals, take appropriate actions, and ensure that the safety and wellbeing of trial participants are always the top priority.

Example: “Monitoring safety signals in ongoing trials involves a systematic approach. I would ensure frequent and regular reviews of all incoming data, focusing on adverse events, laboratory findings, and other safety parameters.

I’d also use statistical tools to identify any unusual patterns or trends that might indicate potential risks.

Effective communication with the research team is crucial for prompt identification and management of safety issues. This includes discussing new findings and deciding on necessary actions such as modifying study protocols or informing participants.

Maintaining an open line of communication with regulatory authorities ensures compliance with guidelines and allows for immediate action when needed.

Ultimately, patient safety is paramount and my approach will always prioritize this aspect.”

15. Mention any specific therapeutic areas or diseases you have worked on.

As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, your expertise and experience in specific therapeutic areas or diseases can be a valuable asset. Your knowledge can contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of clinical trials, as well as patient care. This question helps the interviewer understand your previous experiences and gauge your potential fit within their particular research focus or patient population.

Example: “In my experience, I have primarily worked on oncology and cardiovascular diseases. My focus in oncology involved coordinating clinical trials for new cancer therapies, particularly targeted treatments for lung and breast cancers.

In the area of cardiovascular diseases, I’ve worked with patients suffering from heart failure and arrhythmias. This included managing drug trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel medications.

I also have some exposure to neurology, specifically in conducting research related to Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. In all these areas, my role was to ensure patient care while maintaining rigorous data collection for the study.”

16. How proficient are you in preparing reports for ethics committees or regulatory bodies?

The preparation of reports for ethics committees or regulatory bodies is an essential aspect of clinical research. These reports ensure that the research adheres to the highest ethical standards and complies with all relevant regulations and guidelines. Interviewers want to ensure that you are not only familiar with the process but can also execute it with a high degree of precision and accuracy. This question allows them to assess your understanding of ethical considerations, regulatory compliance, and your ability to communicate these complexities effectively in written form.

Example: “I am highly proficient in preparing reports for ethics committees and regulatory bodies. My approach involves meticulous data collection, careful analysis, and clear presentation of findings. I ensure that all information is accurate, relevant, and compliant with ethical guidelines and regulations.

Understanding the importance of these reports, I prioritize transparency and detail-oriented work. This includes keeping up-to-date with any changes or updates in regulations to maintain compliance.

In terms of technical skills, I am adept at using various data management software which aids in efficient report preparation. Moreover, my strong writing abilities enable me to present complex information in an understandable manner.

Overall, my proficiency lies not only in producing high-quality reports but also in understanding their significance in safeguarding patient safety and research integrity.”

17. Tell us about a time when you had to coordinate with multiple departments for a single study.

Clinical research nursing is a highly collaborative field. It requires coordinating with multiple departments, managing resources, and ensuring that everyone is on the same page with respect to patient care and research protocols. Hence, your ability to work cross-functionally and manage complex projects is of paramount importance, and this question helps interviewers gauge these skills.

Example: “In a recent study, I had to coordinate with the pharmacy, lab, and patient care departments. The study involved administering a new drug and monitoring its effects on patients.

The pharmacy department was responsible for dispensing the medication correctly. I coordinated with them to ensure proper dosage and timing.

With the lab team, we collaborated on how to accurately measure and record the drug’s impact. This required setting up specific tests and understanding the data they provided.

Finally, working with the patient care department was crucial in tracking the patients’ responses and side effects. We established a system of regular check-ins and updates.

Through clear communication and organization, we successfully carried out the study while ensuring patient safety and accurate data collection.”

18. How comfortable are you with conducting home visits for trial participants, if required?

The reason for this question is that it’s important for a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator to be adaptable and flexible in their role. Home visits may be necessary for certain trials, especially when dealing with participants with mobility issues or severe health conditions. It is essential to gauge your comfort level and readiness to step out of the traditional clinical setting and provide care in a patient’s home. This ensures an inclusive and comprehensive approach to clinical trials.

Example: “I am comfortable with conducting home visits as it provides a more relaxed environment for trial participants, which can lead to better data collection. Understanding their living conditions also gives valuable context to their health outcomes.

However, safety is paramount. I would ensure all necessary precautions are taken and protocols followed to protect both myself and the participant.

Moreover, maintaining professional boundaries during home visits is crucial. It’s important to respect privacy while gathering information effectively.”

19. What role does communication play in managing relationships with sponsors and investigators?

The crux of being a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator is having the ability to manage multiple relationships and expectations. Communication is the key to ensuring that the study’s sponsors, investigators, and any other stakeholders are on the same page. Your ability to articulate study updates, potential issues, and resolve any conflicts that arise is a critical part of the job. This question is designed to assess your communication skills and how you leverage them in professional relationships.

Example: “Communication plays a crucial role in managing relationships with sponsors and investigators. It ensures transparency, building trust and fostering collaboration. Regular updates about the progress of the study can help address concerns promptly.

Moreover, clear communication helps clarify expectations from both ends, reducing misunderstandings. It also facilitates effective problem solving when issues arise during clinical trials.

In essence, strong communication skills are key to maintaining productive professional relationships in a research setting.”

20. How do you tackle language or cultural barriers when dealing with diverse participants?

Cultural competence and sensitivity are key in healthcare settings where diverse participants are often involved. As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, you will work with patients from various cultural backgrounds and possibly, language proficiencies. Thus, potential employers want to know if you have the necessary skills and strategies to effectively communicate with, understand, and respect everyone’s cultural perspectives and needs.

Example: “In managing language or cultural barriers, I believe in the importance of effective communication and understanding. Utilizing professional interpreters can be beneficial when dealing with participants who speak different languages.

For cultural differences, it’s crucial to educate oneself about various cultures and their health beliefs. This can help in tailoring interventions that respect these beliefs while ensuring optimal care.

Moreover, building a rapport based on trust and empathy can bridge many gaps. It is all about creating an environment where everyone feels valued and understood.”

21. Would you be able to work flexible hours depending on the needs of the clinical trial?

Clinical trials don’t always operate on a 9-5 schedule. Patients might need to come in for treatments or check-ups at odd hours, or an emergency might arise that requires immediate attention. As a clinical research nurse coordinator, your ability to adapt to these shifting schedules and unexpected events is critical in ensuring the trial runs smoothly and the patients receive the care they need.

Example: “Understanding the unpredictable nature of clinical trials, I am prepared to work flexible hours. My commitment is towards ensuring that the trial runs smoothly and efficiently for the benefit of patients and scientific advancement. I believe in being adaptable and responsive to meet the needs of the study, whether it involves late nights, early mornings or weekends. My priority is always patient care and the success of the research project.”

22. Share a situation where you encountered a serious unexpected adverse event in a trial.

As a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator, you’re at the front line of clinical trials, and unforeseen adverse events can occur. How you handle these unexpected situations is critical. Interviewers ask this question to gauge your ability to respond swiftly, ethically, and effectively in the face of unforeseen complications. They want to know if you can maintain patient safety, adhere to protocols, and manage the necessary reporting and follow-up procedures.

Example: “In one clinical trial, we had a patient unexpectedly develop severe allergic reactions to the medication. Despite thorough pre-trial screening, this adverse event was unforeseen.

We immediately halted the medication and provided appropriate treatment. I coordinated with the principal investigator and the medical team to ensure the patient’s safety and health were prioritized.

This incident emphasized the importance of vigilance in monitoring patients’ responses and the need for quick decision-making skills in managing unexpected situations. It also reinforced the value of clear communication within the team during such events.”

23. How do you balance between meeting targets and ensuring quality in a tight timeline?

Nursing, particularly in a clinical research setting, is a high-stakes field where precision is critical, yet time is often of the essence. Hiring managers want to understand your ability to maintain high-quality standards while adhering to strict deadlines. They want to gauge your prioritization skills, your ability to manage stress, and your commitment to both efficiency and patient safety.

Example: “Balancing between meeting targets and ensuring quality in a tight timeline requires strategic planning and effective time management. I prioritize tasks based on their urgency and importance, focusing first on critical activities that directly impact patient safety and study integrity.

I also believe in proactive communication with the team to ensure everyone understands their roles and deadlines. This reduces errors and rework, thus saving time and maintaining high standards of work.

Continuous monitoring and evaluation are key to identify potential issues early and make necessary adjustments. It’s about being flexible yet focused on our end goal – delivering reliable research results within the set timeframe.”

24. What methods do you employ to retain participants throughout the duration of a trial?

The success of clinical trials hinges on participant retention. A high dropout rate can compromise the validity of study results, potentially wasting resources and time. Therefore, hiring managers want to ensure that you have effective strategies to keep participants engaged and committed throughout the lengthy process of a trial.

Example: “Effective participant retention in a trial involves clear communication, regular follow-ups and creating an environment of trust.

Clear communication ensures participants understand the process, their roles, and any potential risks or benefits. This transparency can help alleviate concerns and foster commitment to the trial.

Regular follow-ups are crucial for maintaining engagement. They provide opportunities to address queries, offer support, and remind participants of upcoming appointments or tasks.

Building trust is also key. Participants need to feel valued and respected. Ensuring confidentiality, addressing concerns promptly, and showing appreciation for their contribution can build this trust.

Incentives like reimbursements or small tokens of appreciation can also be useful tools for retention. However, these should never compromise the ethical conduct of the trial.”

25. Describe a time when you had to handle a difficult conversation with a trial participant.

Dealing with trial participants requires a unique blend of professionalism, empathy, and communication skills. From explaining the risks and benefits of a study, to delivering bad news about a participant’s health status, difficult conversations are part and parcel of a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator’s role. Therefore, hiring managers ask this question to gauge your ability to handle such scenarios with sensitivity and tact.

Example: “During a clinical trial for a new diabetes medication, one participant was consistently non-compliant with the protocol. I had to discuss this issue with him, which was challenging as he felt his actions were not impacting the study.

I approached the conversation empathetically, acknowledging his feelings first. I then explained how each participant’s compliance is crucial in obtaining accurate results and ultimately, improving patient care.

To ensure understanding, I used simple language and provided examples. This difficult conversation resulted in improved compliance from the participant, demonstrating the importance of clear communication in such scenarios.”

26. How have you contributed towards improving processes in your previous clinical research roles?

The heart of this question lies in your ability to take initiative and strive for improvement in your work environment. As a clinical research nurse coordinator, you’ll be expected to identify areas of inefficiency or potential error in the research process and take steps to improve them. This is a critical part of ensuring that the research is carried out to the highest possible standard, and that patient safety and wellbeing are always prioritized.

Example: “In my clinical research experience, I’ve implemented process improvements to enhance efficiency and accuracy. For example, I introduced a digital data collection system that reduced errors in patient information entry. This not only improved the quality of our data but also sped up the process.

I also initiated regular team meetings to discuss ongoing trials, address issues promptly, and share best practices. This fostered better communication among the team and helped us avoid potential pitfalls in our work.

These changes resulted in more accurate data collection, smoother operations, and ultimately, more successful clinical trials.”

27. What steps do you take to ensure all trial activities are audit-ready at any given time?

As a clinical research nurse coordinator, your role is pivotal to ensure that all data and processes associated with clinical trials are compliant with stringent regulatory requirements. The question is designed to evaluate your understanding and capability to maintain the accuracy, integrity, and quality of research data, which are critical for the success of any clinical trial. This includes your ability to uphold good clinical practices, manage documentation, and maintain audit readiness.

Example: “To ensure all trial activities are audit-ready, I prioritize documentation. This includes maintaining comprehensive and accurate records of all research data, procedures, and participant information.

I also implement standard operating procedures (SOPs) for consistency in executing tasks and regularly review these SOPs to identify areas for improvement.

Regular internal audits help me verify compliance with regulations and assess the effectiveness of our systems.

Training is another crucial aspect. I make sure that everyone involved understands their roles, responsibilities, and the importance of compliance.

Lastly, open communication channels facilitate timely resolution of issues that may compromise audit-readiness.”

28. Share an instance where you used evidence-based practice in clinical research nursing.

This question aims to assess your ability to incorporate scientific findings into your clinical practice, a vital aspect of being a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator. It’s important to ensure that the care provided is based on the most up-to-date and credible research. By asking this question, the interviewer wants to verify that you are skilled at integrating research results into your work, thereby delivering the highest standard of patient care.

Example: “In one of my clinical trials, we were studying the effects of a new drug on heart disease. I used evidence-based practice by conducting a thorough literature review to understand existing treatments and their outcomes. This helped in designing our study protocol. We also incorporated patient input, considering their experiences with current treatments. The data collected was analyzed systematically, ensuring that our conclusions were based on solid evidence. This approach not only improved the quality of our research but also enhanced patient care by providing more effective treatment options.”

29. Tell us about a time when you had to adapt quickly to changes in a study protocol.

Clinical research is a field that’s constantly evolving, with protocols and guidelines that can change quickly and often. Hiring managers need to know that you can adapt to these changes swiftly, efficiently, and without compromising the integrity of the study. Your ability to adjust to changes not only impacts the success of the study but also the safety and well-being of the participants involved.

Example: “In a recent project, the sponsor made significant changes to the study protocol halfway through. It involved altering our patient inclusion criteria and adding new assessments.

I quickly updated the team about these changes and arranged training sessions to ensure everyone understood the revised protocol. I also liaised with the ethics committee for approval of the amendments.

Simultaneously, I communicated with our patients, explaining the changes and their implications on their participation in the trial. This swift action ensured minimal disruption to the study timeline and maintained patient trust.”

30. How comfortable are you working on multiple trials simultaneously?

As a clinical research nurse coordinator, multitasking is the name of the game. You’ll often be juggling multiple clinical trials at once, each with their own set of procedures, protocols, and patient participants. Interviewers want to ensure that you can handle this level of complexity and still deliver high-quality, accurate results in a timely manner. They’re also trying to gauge your organizational and prioritization skills, which are key to managing such a demanding workload.

Example: “In my experience, managing multiple trials simultaneously is an inherent part of a Clinical Research Nurse Coordinator’s role. I am comfortable with this aspect and have developed efficient organization and prioritization skills to ensure each trial receives the necessary attention.

I use project management tools to keep track of various tasks and deadlines. This helps me balance urgent needs while ensuring no detail is overlooked in any trial.

Moreover, I understand that every trial has unique requirements and challenges. By maintaining clear communication lines with all stakeholders, I can handle unexpected changes or issues promptly and effectively.”

30 Estimating Coordinator Interview Questions and Answers

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31 Top Nursing Interview Questions & Answer Samples

Types of Interview Questions
Question Themes
How to Answer
Common Interview Questions & Answers

Questions to Ask the Employer

Things to do before leaving the interview.

Interview Prep

Wondering which nursing interview questions you might be asked at your next job interview? You've come to the right place. Read on for the top nursing interview questions and answers to help you nail that next interview.

Types of Nursing Interview Questions

Healthcare employers tend to lean towards asking behavioral-based interview questions.

Behavioral-based questions are questions about how you acted in a specific situation. The goal is to gauge how you react under different kinds of circumstances. It is best to answer these questions with real-life stories and examples.

Nursing Interview Question Themes

Most behavioral interview questions asked to nurses are based on the following themes:

Patient-care
Adaptability
Time management
Communication style
Motivation and core values

How to Answer Behavioral-Based Questions

When telling stories during interviews, we suggest using the S-T-A-R format - this will ensure your story is direct, concise and to the point. So, what does the acronym S-T-A-R stand for?

A ction-steps

You can learn more about answering interview questions by using the S-T-A-R format by reading our complete guide to nursing interviews.

Common Nursing Interview Questions

Teamwork questions
Patient care questions
Adaptability questions
Time management questions
Communication style questions
Motivation and core values questions

Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Teamwork

Interviewers are wanting to envision how you will fit in with their team and how you work well with various personalities. We suggest telling a story about a time you dealt with a co-worker who had a conflicting personality, a disagreement within your healthcare team, or a challenging patient case involving your team. Always remember to talk about what you learned from the situation and if anything positive came from it.

1. Describe a situation when you had to work closely with a difficult coworker. How did you handle the situation? Were you able to build a relationship with this person?

Sample answer:

Never talk badly about anyone during an interview. Explain the situation and why the individual was difficult. Share how you handled the situation. Try to turn anything negative into a positive. What did you learn from the situation? What might you do differently now? What was the “silver lining”? Were you able to talk through your differences? Did you become friends?

Working closely with difficult coworkers can be challenging but it is important to remember the patient, their care, and their family is most important. Putting aside differences is essential for all nurses because not everyone is the same. Sometimes this means not discussing specific topics such as religion or politics at work. With that being said, not everyone will become friends in the workplace but working together is key for the successful care of patients.

2. Talk about a conflict within your healthcare team. What was the conflict and how did you handle it?

Explain the conflict surrounding the situation. Who was involved? What was your role? Did anything positive come from this? What did you learn?

Conflict often occurs in the hospital setting, particularly between new nurses and more seasoned staff as well as doctors and nurses. One specific time, there was concern from a parent that a newer nurse was not monitoring a patient’s breathing postoperatively as closely as she would have liked. I was covering the nurse for lunch and the mother brought her concerns to me. I discussed and validated her concerns. Once the nurse was back from lunch, I spoke with her regarding the mother’s concerns. The nurse was very upset and felt it was not my place to say anything to her regarding this. A parent or patient’s concerns should never be dismissed. I spoke to the nurse educator on the unit to use the opportunity as a teaching moment.

3. Describe a time when you were particularly proud of your healthcare team? What was your role in this situation?

Describe the circumstances and actions step-by-step. What happened to make you feel proud? What was your role? Who was involved? What was the result?

Working in the ICU setting there are countless moments that make me proud to be a nurse and proud to be part of this amazing community. Watching a patient survive a code, take their first steps on prosthetic legs, or being in the room when a patient I told they are receiving a new heart are the moments we all want to be a part of. Even if I am not delivering the news or care personally, the information my patient receives directly affects me.

4. Tell me about a time you stepped into a leadership role.

This doesn’t need to be anything official. Think about a time when you stepped up to the plate and took charge of a situation. What was the circumstance? What made you take the lead? Who was involved? Did any opportunities arise from this situation?

I have acted as charge nurse numerous times in my career. I have had to lead code teams, respond to rapid responses and make difficult staffing decisions. As a charge nurse I have determined patient assignments to ensure that assignments are fair and equal. Furthermore, I have to ensure that the nurses’ skill set is sufficient for the assignment.

Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Patient Care

Healthcare hiring professionals want to hire nurses who provide excellent patient care. Education is of utmost importance to healthcare employers. We suggest telling stories about times you provided top-notch patient care or went out of your way to educate patients and/or their families.

1. Tell me about a time when a patient’s family was dissatisfied with your care. How did you handle that situation?

Make sure to explain the situation in detail including both perspectives (the patient’s family and yours). Never talk badly about patients or their families. Take ownership if you indeed did something wrong. Share any positives that came from this - what did you learn? What would you do differently now? How did you turn this into a positive?

I once was floated to a unit that I had never worked in and wasn’t sure where supplies were located. The mother of the patient did not recognize me as a regular floor nurse on the unit and this already made the family leery of me from the start of the shift. I continually had to prove myself throughout the day because as nurses we all do things slightly differently. There is not always a wrong way or a right way to do things but in this case, there was a policy to be followed. I followed it and apparently my dressing change was slightly different than previous ones. I communicated regularly with the charge nurse and she came to check in with the family to address any issues in real-time.

2. What approach do you take in communicating with people who do not know medical jargon? Give an example of a time you explained medical terminology to someone who is not medically trained.

Explain step-by-step how you’ve performed in a similar situation. What specific words and terminology did you use? How did you know that the individual understood your explanation?

It is imperative that we use simple words to our patients and families who are not medically trained and utilize a teach-back method to ensure they understand the information that is communicated to them. I once had to explain post-operative care to a family whose child had tonsil surgery. I had to use words such as poop instead of bowel movement. I used Tylenol instead of acetaminophen.

3. Describe a time you provided effective patient or family education.

Tell a story about a time when you knew your patient or family retained your teachings. How did you know that you effectively communicated the piece of education?

After teaching families I ask them to repeat the information in their own words. Using a teach-back method allows nurses to know if families truly understood the information that was given to them. It is also important to provide the family with written educational material and use other forms of education such as videos or hands-on when possible. I taught a family post-operative spine care after a posterior spinal fusion. The parents were able to properly demonstrate how to transfer their child from the bed to the chair. In doing so, I was able to determine that they had retained the information.

4. Talk about a time a patient or their family was particularly pleased and appreciative of your care.

Tell a story about a family who was happy with your care. What did you do in particular that they were pleased with? How did you know they were happy? What were the results of this situation?

Working in pediatrics can be challenging but also very rewarding. There are times that parents are unable to stay at the bedside 24/7 because of work, other children, or previous commitments. I was taking care of a 6-month-old twin during a specific shift. The family was unable to be at the bedside because the father had to work and the mother was at home with the twin sister and the other children. I spent my shift playing with the infant with age-appropriate toys and when the mother called to check in – I put the phone next to the infant. The mother was able to hear her baby laughing while singing to her. This brought them closer together and the mother to tears. She stated that no other nurse had done that during the hospitalization and she was eternally grateful.

5. Give an example of a time you had to interact with a hostile patient. How did you handle the situation and what was the outcome?

Tell a story about a hostile patient and your step-by-step actions. What was the patient doing that was hostile? How did you react? How did you feel? What procedures did you follow to interact with the patient? What was the result of your actions?

Unfortunately, hostile patients often are part of the job. It’s important to remember some of the patients are being hostile because they are in pain, away from family, and in the hospital setting. There was a time a patient refused to take her medication. I tried everything but she would spit them out at me when she tried to take them. Because of this behavior, I involved my charge nurse, the physician in charge of her care, and social worker. After many conversations and phone calls, it was determined the patient was spitting the medication out because she liked it mixed in chocolate pudding. The woman was elderly and suffered from dementia. It was only after speaking with the social worker did we learn of her medication preference. She was not able to communicate with us her wants and needs and this led to hostility.

6. Describe a time you were faced with a patient who chose not to communicate or disclose important information. How did you handle the situation and what was the outcome?

Tell a story about a patient you worked within a similar situation. What step-by-step actions did you take to obtain the information from the patient? What were the results of your actions?

A parent once didn’t disclose that the father of the child was not her current boyfriend. This was important as the patient was going to need consent forms signed and legally, this boyfriend was not able to sign the consent forms. Additionally, there was a man calling the unit claiming to be the father of the child. Social work and the nurse manager were notified. Through an open conversation, the mother disclosed the correct identity of the father. While I personally did not discover the information, it is essential to know the resources that are available to you and utilize them to the best of your ability.

Interviewing isn’t easy - for anyone! It’s important to be overly prepared to put your best foot forward during every stage of the interview process. Nurse.org put together this super helpful workbook packed full of exercises, sample questions and checklists to help you ace your next interview.

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Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Adaptability

The nursing profession is one of constant urgency, crisis, and uncertainty. Tell stories of challenges and follow up with key takeaways and learned lessons.

1. Tell me about a time you were under a lot of pressure. What was going on, and how did you get through it?

Tell a story about a time you were stressed and under pressure to perform. Explain the situation and why you felt pressured. Describe step-by-step the actions you took to make it through the situation. What was the result? What did you learn? What might you do differently now?

I was the most senior nurse in the unit by over a decade. I had to not only handle my patient assignment but I also was to act as a resource to the other newer nurses on the unit. I had to make sure my time management was great as well as my ability to drop everything and help someone else. I had to stay organized otherwise I would not have been able to assist others.

2. Describe a time when your facility was undergoing some change. How did that impact you, and how did you adapt?

Talk about a time your facility changed. Maybe they were acquired by another facility. Perhaps they transitioned to a new computer system. Describe the change and the steps you took to adapt to such change.

One healthcare system I worked for switched from paper charting to electronic medical records and computerized charting. During this transition, it was confusing and often overwhelming. I was able to adapt quickly but unfortunately, some of my coworkers were not able to.

3. Tell me about a time when you didn’t know the answer to something at work? How did you go about finding the information?

Tell a story about a time when you did not know the answer. Explain step-by-step the action you took to find the information. Talk about the result of your actions.

As nurses, there is no way that we possibly can know everything. Knowing who to go for help is the first step. At the beginning of every shift, I identify a nurse that I can use as a resource such as the charge nurse, nurse educator, or unit resource nurse. This individual is generally someone that is more senior with an advanced skill set. If I am unable to get the answer from them or they are busy I look at the healthcare systems policy and procedure manager. If there is a concern regarding a medication dosage or interaction, I look to Lexi-Comp.

4. Give me an example of an awkward situation at work. How did you remove yourself from the situation?

Tell a story about an uncomfortable situation. What was the situation and why did it feel awkward. Explain the steps you took to leave the situation. What were the results of your actions? What did you learn?

I once had a teenage male patient make very inappropriate sexual comments towards me. At first, I ignored them thinking it was a one-time thing. The second time, I told him that the comments were inappropriate and I did not want him to say those things to me. The third time, I left the patient’s room and went directly to the charge nurse. I explained the situation and how uncomfortable I was in that specific situation and caring for the patient. She gathered a team to speak to the patient. My assignment was switched for the remainder of the shift.

5. Tell me about a time you failed. How did you deal with this situation?

Share a story about when you experience failure. Talk about your feelings and why you felt that you failed. Discuss anything positive that came from this failure? What did you learn from failing? What might you do differently now?

Failing is one of the worst feelings in the world, either professionally or personally. Working in the ICU setting, patients die. We fail them when this happens. I fail them when this happens. After every death, there is a debriefing to discuss what went well and what could have been done differently. I take that time to reflect on my participation in the event and if there was something I could have done differently. Failure doesn’t equal weakness. It simply is something that we must improve upon.

6. Describe a time when you anticipated potential problems with a patient and initiated preventative measures.

Share a specific story about a patient. Explain how you assessed the pending problems. Describe step-by-step the actions you took to prevent the problem. What was the result of your actions?

Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Time Management

Nurses are masters at multitasking - for example, managing multiple patients, administering medication on time while maintaining detailed notes. Tell stories about your punctuality, ability to meet deadlines and how you remain organized through it all.

1. Talk about a time you worked in a fast-paced setting. How do you prioritize tasks while maintaining excellent patient care?

Give an example of a time you had to prioritize your tasks quickly. Explain your thought process in detail and why you chose to complete the duties in such an order.

Working in an ICU setting is extremely fast-paced and it is essential to prioritize your tasks for the day. At the beginning of the shift, I make a to-do list with everything that needs to be accomplished. I put the must-do things at the top of the list and the things I would like to do at the bottom. Administering medications are placed at the top of the list and washing a patient’s hair is further down. While I would love to accomplish everything, it just isn’t possible.

2. Describe your experience with a very ill patient who required a lot of your time. How did you manage this patient’s care while ensuring your other patients were adequately cared for?

Talk about the patient’s care and why they needed much of your time. What was the illness, trauma or injury? How did you ensure that this patient received quality care? How did you manage your other patients?

Delegation is key here. Knowing when to ask for help is important. Without identifying resources and asking for help, it is impossible to succeed.

3. Talk about a time when you felt overwhelmed with your work or patient-load. What did you do?

Give a specific example of a time you were overwhelmed. Explain step-by-step the actions you took to overcome this feeling and to focus on the task at hand.

During these situations, I asked for help. Without identifying resources and asking for help, it is impossible to succeed.

4. Give an example of an important goal you set for yourself. Did you accomplish that goal? How did you ensure that you accomplished it?

Make sure the goal you share is related to your career. Explain the steps you took to accomplish your goal. What challenges did you face? How did you feel once you accomplished your goal?

I set the goal to earn my pediatric certification. I made a list of things that must be done to achieve that. I signed up for the exam and paid the fee so that way I had to take the exam. There was no backing out.

Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Communication Style

It is important to convey your particular communication style and techniques. Tell stories about specific times you either had difficulty communicating or times you communicated well. If you can, walk through your step-by-step thought process and give examples.

1. Give an example of a time when you were able to successfully persuade a patient to agree to something. How did you persuade this person?

Tell a story about a specific time when you had a difficult time getting a patient to agree to something at work. What was the situation and what did they need to agree to? What specific actions did you take to get them to agree? What was the result?

Ideally, we never want to persuade a patient to do something. We would like the patient to agree to it freely. However, I did bargain with a child that if he ate his breakfast I would play video games with him afterward. Using a bargaining system worked well to ensure the patient was well nourished.

2. Describe a time when you were the resident medical expert. What did you do to make sure everyone was able to understand you?

Tell a story about a time when others were relying on your medical expertise. Talk about the specific circumstances and words you used to ensure that they understood the language. What did you talk about? What was the result?

3. Tell me about a time when you had to rely on written communication to explain yourself to your team or to a patient.

Talk about a time when you successfully relied on written (or typed) communication. What were the circumstances? What was being discussed? How did you ensure success?

Most hospitals utilize a text feature to relay quick communication to the medical team. It is important to be concise and give all of the important information. This way the medical team can determine the best course of action.

4. Talk about a time when you had not communicated well. How did you correct the situation?

No one is perfect, we all have flaws. Discuss a time when you experienced miscommunication at work. What were the circumstances? How did you know you did not communicate well? What did you learn? What were the results?

This often happens when there is a language barrier. I learned that it is always better to ask for an in-person interpreter or utilizing a computer translation software. This ensures there is no miscommunication of information. Unfortunately, hand gestures and speaking louder doesn’t always work.

5. Describe a time when you received negative feedback and turned it into something positive.

Discuss a time at work when you received negative feedback. What was the feedback and circumstances surrounding the feedback? Who gave you the negative feedback? How did it make you feel? What did you do as a result of the feedback?

I was once told that I needed to be more social at work and try and bond with my work colleagues. I disagreed with my manager because I felt that we are there to work and take care of our patients, not to make friends. Becoming close friends with coworkers is an added bonus. While I didn’t become best friends with anyone from the unit, I was able to spend downtime reading and studying to earn additional certifications which helped me secure better jobs and opportunities in nursing.

Sample Nurse Interview Questions: Motivation and Core Values

With these questions, interviewers are trying to get to the root of your motivation and personal values. When answering such questions you should tell motivational stories from your life that convey your core values.

1. What is one professional accomplishment that you are most proud of and why?

Tell a story about one of your most noteworthy accomplishments at work. What was the accomplishment? What steps did you take to achieve it? Who else was involved in this accomplishment? What happened as a result of the accomplishment?

Earning my advanced pediatric certification is something I worked very hard for and something that validates the years I have spent at the bedside.

2. Talk about a challenging situation or problem where you took the lead to correct it instead of waiting for someone else to do it.

Talk about a time when you decided to take the initiative to complete a task or make an important decision. What was your motivator? What action steps did you take? What were the results of your actions?

3. Have you ever felt dissatisfied with your work as a Nurse? What could have been done to make it better?

Most nurses encounter difficulties while working. Talk about a time when you felt dissatisfied with your work. What were the circumstances and what happened? What was your role? Why did you feel dissatisfied? What would you do differently now? What did you learn?

I once became extremely dissatisfied because I was consistently being given easier assignments and not being given the ICU level patients. It became frustrating and while I understood that others needed to learn and gain experience it quickly left me annoyed with my position, the unit, and the healthcare system. I sat down and spoke to my nurse manager about my concerns and to inquire why it was happening. The nurse manager was not aware of the situation and it was later determined that a few of the charge nurses were giving the sicker patients to their friends and not spreading them out amongst the nurses.

4. Describe a time when you went over and above your job requirements. What motivated you to put forth the extra effort?

Talk about a specific instance when you went out of your way for your job or for a patient. What were the circumstances? Why did you choose to take the action? What did you do? What were the results?

I personally feel like I give 110% to all of my patients every shift but there was one that I grew especially close with. For some reason, the patient had been dropped off by a family member and no one had come to see the child for months. It was obvious the patient was missing key developmental milestones and was becoming increasingly lonely and depressed. I asked to become the primary nurse for the patient which meant every time I worked he would be assigned to me. I worked with him over several months to get him potty trained and to improve his vocabulary. I don’t know exactly why I was extra motivated but at that time in our lives, the patient and I needed each other.

5. Give an example of a mistake you’ve made? How did you handle it?

It is important to admit that you make mistakes and to own up to them. Talk about the specific mistake and why it happened. What was your role in the mistake? How did you know that you made a mistake? Who was involved? What did you learn? What have you done to improve? What were the results?

Mistakes are part of nursing, whether we like to admit to it or not. It’s important to learn from those mistakes and become a better nurse. One mistake that I will never forget is leaving the gastronomy tube unclamped with medication administration. Because it was unclamped when I opened the port to give the next medication, the last medication, as well as formula, came out. I was unable to clamp it quickly enough and the medications I had already given were leaking onto the bed. I had to speak with the medical team and pharmacy to discuss replacing them. I have never forgotten to clamp the gastronomy tube again.

6. What do you find most difficult about being a Nurse? How do you overcome this difficulty?

Be honest and talk about the most difficult component of nursing. Maybe it’s working with a specific patient population. Or, acting in a leadership role. Whatever it is to you, always make sure to talk about the steps and actions you’ve taken to cope with the difficulty.

The most difficult aspect of being a nurse is watching a patient die, especially one that I have cared for when they were healthy. Watching the family lose a loved one is heartbreaking. Sometimes I sit in the bathroom and take a moment for myself to cry, to reflect, and to pause to remember the patient. Death is part of our everyday world and sometimes that is hard to remember.

Interviewing is a two-way street. Often, nurses are so excited and nervous about answering questions well during their interview that they forget that they should ask questions to their potential future employers.

After all, how do you know if the job is an excellent fit unless you ask about the details that are important to you!

Most of the time, when you reach the end of your interview, employers will ask interviewees if they have any questions about the position. This is a great opportunity to show that you have done your research on their facility and expected job duties and demonstrate how excited you are about the position.

Depending on time, you may want to consider limiting your questions to two or three questions. Most nursing administrators set aside an allotted amount of time to interview each potential new hire, and you don’t want to be disrespectful of their time.

Many of these questions may also be great to ask after you have the job and work 1:1 with a preceptor or other helpful nurses. Experienced nurses are great resources for questions once you get the job!

Sample Questions To Ask During an Interview: Onboarding

How long is the training period, and what does it entail?
How will my training success be measured?
Will I have orientation days, and what will they entail?
What advice would you give to a nurse who is just starting on the unit?
How quickly are you looking to hire someone?
Who will I be reporting to?
What shifts are you hiring for: night, day, mid-shift, or alternating?
WIll I be required to work on-call shifts?

Sample Questions To Ask During an Interview: Mentoring

Will I be assigned a preceptor?
How will my success as a new hire be measured?
What is your training process for new hires?
What advice do you have for a new hire who wants to succeed in this unit?
How frequently do you perform performance reviews?

Sample Questions To Ask During an Interview: Culture

Can you explain what the nursing culture is like here?
Does the nursing staff face any ongoing challenges on the unit? What are the most critical challenges?
What is the management style of this unit?
What does an ideal candidate look like for this role?
How does this nursing environment facilitate collaboration and unity?

Sample Questions To Ask During an Interview: Professional Development

Are there any professional development opportunities?
How long do nurses work at the bedside before taking on a charge nurse role?
Do you offer tuition reimbursement for nurses advancing their education to take on higher-level nursing roles?
Are nurses encouraged to become certified in their specialties?
Will I be expected to float to other units? How often will that occur?

Sample Questions for New Nursing Graduates

Do you offer a new nursing graduate program, how long is it, and what does it entail?
How are new graduates measured on performance and competency?
Do new graduates have a mentor? How long do they provide supervision and nursing support?
What are the most common challenges new grads experience in this unit?
When will I be eligible to become involved on unit committees?

How to Prepare for Your Nursing Interview

1. dress for success.

You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression! In fact, many hiring managers say they know if they are interested in hiring someone within the first five minutes.

It is essential to look professional and air on the more conservative side of style versus wearing bright and flashy clothing. Keep jewelry simple and understated. If it is appropriate to wear a suit, stick to neutral colors such as black, navy, or dark brown shades.

Your goal is to look as professional as possible so the person you are speaking with can focus on the essential skills you will bring to their organization.

2. Practice answering as many interview questions as you can out loud

Many interviewees review interview questions by reading them alone. But that may not help prepare you as well as speaking your answers out loud. In fact, you may find that you aren’t as clear on many of your answers as you thought you were.

Consider enlisting a friend or family member to act as the interviewer and ask you sample questions. Practice answering your questions and focus on ways you can communicate more effectively. Be assertive and don’t ramble. You will know if you are ready if you can answer questions clearly and constantly.

3. Research the institution thoroughly

Linkedin is a great resource to learn about healthcare facilities and the types of employees who work there. Employers usually appreciate it when candidates show they have basic knowledge about what an organization's goals are.

The last thing you want is to be asked something about the organization and not have an answer for it.

4. Arrive at least 20 minutes or more before your interview starts

Arrive early enough that you can use the restroom if needed, straighten yourself up, and not feel rushed walking into the interview.

5. Bring a great attitude

Make sure you get plenty of shut-eye the night before your interview and eat a good breakfast. Drink coffee if it helps you perform at your best, but avoid it it can make you jittery.

But most importantly, smile and bring a positive vibe. You are going to do great!

Phone Interviews

Many employers do an initial phone interview before bringing candidates in to meet face-to-face. This often helps recruiters weed out candidates who aren’t serious about a position and offer additional information to candidates to make sure they really want the job.

Bu phone interviews are just as important as in-person or online interviews.

Here are a few tips to remember:

Prepare for a phone interview the same way you would for a face-to-face interview. You have no way of predicting what questions will be asked and it's better to be overly prepared than under-prepared.
Stand up while you are talking. Standing during a phone interview may help you project your answers more clearly than if you are sitting down.
Keep your resume and cover letter within reach in case you are asked about them.
Don’t eat or drink during the phone interview, even though they can’t see you.
Shower and get ready as if it was a face-to-face interview. You will feel more confident and professional, and it may help you perform better.

Zoom Interviews

Ever since the start of the pandemic, Zoom interviews have become exceedingly common. Employers continue to utilize online interviewing because it is often more accessible and convenient for everyone involved.

Preparing for a Zoom interview is similar to preparing for an in-person or phone interview. However, there are several tips you should keep in mind:

1. Dress professionally as if you were going to a face-to-face interview

If you would have worn a suit to an in-person interview, consider wearing it for your Zoom interview. Remember that even though employers usually don’t see your lower half on Zoom, there is a slight chance you may have to stand up or grab something. So no pajama pants!

2. Make sure your background is set up nicely

The interviewer will see your surroundings, so make sure your background is clean and organized. Consider a blank wall, so nothing distracts your interviewer from your amazing skills. Also, never have a window behind you because the light can drown you out.

3. Keep it quiet

If you have roommates, let them know you will be on a Zoom interview, and they must stay quiet. If you have pets that have the potential to interrupt your interview, make arrangements for them beforehand. The last thing you want is for your cat to walk right in front of your screen!

4. Set up your Zoom space and practice the day before

If you are new to Zoom, don’t fret! It is a fairly simple platform to use. But it may be a good idea to set yourself up beforehand and practice so there are no surprises.

5. Ensure a good internet connection

No connection, no interview! Ensure that a quality connection is set up early so you don’t have to scramble when you should be starting your interview.

6. Practice with a friend

If you are new to Zoom, you may not be aware of your body language or how you present over video. Consider making a few Zoom calls with friends and family to get comfortable with it and ensure that you have an excellent video presence.

Nursing Behavioral Interview Flash Cards With Answers

Healthcare employers are increasingly asking behavioral questions - this means they want to know exactly how you will perform during different circumstances. They will be asking for you to provide examples of specific scenarios. Sound overwhelming? Don’t fret, Nurse.org has over 50 behavioral interview questions to help you practice. We’ve even included sample answers!

What questions are asked in a nursing interview?

Healthcare hiring managers usually ask behavioral-based interview questions. These questions help provide information about how you may handle specific situations in the workplace and allow you to show your critical thinking skills.

How do I prepare for a nursing interview?

Preparing for your interview starts well in advance of your actual interview date. Here are a few essential tips to prepare for your nursing interview: Practice as many interview questions as you can, dress professionally, research the institution thoroughly, show up early, bring a great attitude, and relax. You will do great!

What are the four skills of a nursing interview?

Listening actively and taking notes when appropriate. Asking important questions. Good non-verbal communication - ways to do this include leaning forward slightly, smiling, making good eye contact, and head nodding when appropriate. Answer behavioral questions with examples from your own work experience.

How do you introduce yourself in a nursing interview?

Start with your name and a brief history of your education and work history. You may want to explain why you chose this career and are so passionate about it. It is also important to talk about why you make a good fit for the position and what your career goals are in the future.

Kathleen Gaines (nee Colduvell) is a nationally published writer turned Pediatric ICU nurse from Philadelphia with over 13 years of ICU experience. She has an extensive ICU background having formerly worked in the CICU and NICU at several major hospitals in the Philadelphia region. After earning her MSN in Education from Loyola University of New Orleans, she currently also teaches for several prominent Universities making sure the next generation is ready for the bedside. As a certified breastfeeding counselor and trauma certified nurse, she is always ready for the next nursing challenge.

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Dtsch Arztebl Int
v.118(7); 2021 Feb

Motivational Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Approach for Use in Medical Practice

Gallus Bischof

1 Lübeck University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck

Anja Bischof

Hans-jürgen rumpf.

Motivational factors in health-relevant modes of behavior are an important matter in medical practice. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a technique that has been specifically developed to help motivate ambivalent patients to change their behavior.

This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Special attention was paid to systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerning the efficacy of MI in the medical care of various target groups. The present review focuses on the relevance of MI for patients with highly prevalent disorders.

Meta-analyses reveal statistically significant mean intervention effects of MI in medical care with respect to a variety of health-relevant modes of behavior, in comparison to standard treatment and no treatment in the control groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: [1.40; 1.71]). Statistically significant effect sizes were reported for substance consumption, physical activity, dental hygiene, body weight, treatment adherence, willingness to change behavior, and mortality; effects on health-promoting behavior were mixed. Studies of the factors that contribute to the efficacy of MI suggest that it exerts its effects largely through the selective reinforcement of statements made by the patients themselves about potential changes in their behavior.

MI has been found useful for strengthening the motivation for behavioral change in patients with various behaviorally influenced health problems and for promoting treatment adherence. It can be used to optimize medical interventions. Further research is needed with respect to its specific mechanisms of action, its efficacy in reinforcing health-promoting modes of behavior, differential indications for different patient groups, and the cost-efficiency of the technique across the spectrum of disorders in which it is used.

This article has been certified by the North Rhine Academy for Continuing Medical Education. Participation in the CME certification program is possible only over the internet: cme.aerzteblatt.de. The deadline for submissions is 18 February 2022.

In highly developed industrialized countries, behavioral risk factors such as substance use (tobacco, alcohol), unhealthy diet, and insufficient physical activity are a key determinant of the burden of disease in the population as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) ( 1 ). These factors also have a crucial impact on the course of a variety of chronic diseases.

For example, according to the Global Burden of Disease study, the 23.9 million DALYs lost in the German population in 2010 can be attributed in percentage terms to the following causes ( 2 ):

Unhealthy diet (men: 16.2%, women: 11.2%)
Smoking (men: 14.2%, women: 6.7%)
High blood pressure (men: 11.5%, women: 10.2%)
Overweight (men: 11.5%, women: 10.3%).

Therefore, motivational aspects are a significant factor in patient treatment. Other important motivational factors for medical practice stem from the often insufficient adherence to medication, which, according to a number of studies, lies between 31.2% and 59.1% and also represents a significant factor in the chronification of health impairments ( 3 – 5 ).

Furthermore, societal changes in recent decades that challenge our understanding of the clinician’s role are reflected in the concept of “shared decision-making,” according to which treatment steps should be developed in consultation with the patient ( 6 ).

Motivational interviewing (MI) ( 7 ), which originated in the field of addiction treatment, is a promising concept for encouraging motivation to change in patients that are currently either unwilling or ambivalent to change, and can be deployed even with limited time resources. Since the first publications on the approach in the early 1980s, it has also been increasingly used, and successfully so, in other disciplines. This article presents the basic principles of the approach from the perspective of their applicability in medical practice. To assess the effectiveness of the method, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases since 2005 on the effectiveness of MI across disorders in medical treatment settings, as well as on the effectiveness of MI on medication adherence, were selectively searched and summarized using the search terms (“Motivational Interviewing” AND (“primary care” OR “medical care”).

Basic tenets of motivational interviewing

Although MI is not a theory-guided approach, it nevertheless combines a variety of evidence-based approaches from cognitive psychology and social psychology. MI assumes that people with problematic behaviors (for example, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, lack of medication adherence, insufficient exercise) have different levels of readiness for behavior change.

According to Janis and Mann’s conflict-theory model of decision-making ( 8 ), the advantages of healthy behaviors (such as better health prognosis and improved fitness, among others) are always countered by disadvantages of behavior change (for example, loss of hedonistic reinforcers, significant effort, possible side effects of medication). The assumption in MI is that people with problematic behaviors are not fundamentally unmotivated to change their behavior, but are instead ambivalent, that is to say, their problem behavior conflicts at least to some extent with their self-concepts, values, or life goals, with those affected potentially having subjectively good reasons against a behavior change. If this ambivalence is not recognized, well-intentioned medical advice is perceived by patients as an assault on their freedom of choice, which, according to socio-psychological reactance theory ( 9 ), increases their motivation to restore their own subjective power to make decisions. This, in turn, often results in non-compliance either in the form of open disagreement or non-adherence to recommendations. A prerequisite of sustained encouragement of motivation to change is that patients become more aware of their behavioral discrepancies and actively confront their behavior. Therefore, MI is defined as “a person-centered, goal-oriented style of communication with particular focus on expressions of change. The goal is to increase personal motivation for and commitment to behavior change by eliciting and intensifying a person’s own reasons for change in an atmosphere of acceptance and empathy” ( 7 ). In line with self-determination theory (SDT; [10]), the approach recognizes the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. As such, the atmosphere of acceptance and empathy represents a necessary condition for patients’ self-disclosure in interviews relating to difficult or stigmatized subjects such as substance use, overeating, or health problems. The authors of MI have repeatedly emphasized that MI is not a technique, but a fundamental therapeutic style that does not seek to make people change their behavior against their will. Roger’s person-centered therapy ( 11 ) forms an important basis of the approach, whereby MI is characterized by a goal-oriented approach and can essentially be combined with other therapeutic methods. The hallmark of MI is a differentiation into inner attitude (“human image”), methods and principles of implementation, as well as different processes of implementation ( box 1 ).

The spirit of motivational interviewing (MI)

The fundamental spirit of MI is to encourage and strengthen a trusting relationship, which is key to treatment success and can be characterized by the following components ( 7 ):

A partnership-like, unpatronizing collaboration with the patient (“communication on equal terms”), in which the clinician does not assume the role of the expert (superior to the patient).
A fundamental attitude of acceptance and empathy towards the patient’s needs, experiences, and points of view. In addition to unconditional regard for the patient, this includes ensuring their autonomy of choice and decision-making in relation to behavior change as well as the desired goals and methods of change (patient autonomy).
Compassion for the patient’s life and experience, as characterized by the clinician not pursuing their own interests and giving highest priority to the patient’s needs.
Evoking motivation to change by exploring and reinforcing the patient’s reasons for change. This also includes developing discrepancy between current problem behavior and the patient’s goals and values (for example, “You said that it’s important to you to do more exercise again. How does that tie in with your smoking?”).

Techniques of motivational interviewing

In addition to the basic principles of MI, the method includes altogether five intervention techniques, the importance of each of which may vary depending on the patient and the status of their treatment ( 7 ). The first four intervention techniques are methods that are also used in other schools of therapy, such as client-centered interviewing.

First intervention element

Open-ended questions are helpful for encouraging patients to confront their problem behavior, for example, “What worries you about your drinking?” MI is deemed to be good when at least 70% of the questions asked are open-ended ( 12 ).

Second intervention element

Active listening makes it possible to discover and focus on the patient’s concerns regarding their problem behavior. As part of this process, the clinician reflects back to the patient the essential content of their statements. Furthermore, active listening not only has the effect that the individual experiences understanding, it also enables the problem to be considered more deeply through increased self-exploration. At least 50% of reflections should be complex and go beyond simple repetition ( 12 ). Complex reflections refer either to non-explicit content that is inferred or to emotional elements (for example, patient: “I do think my cough comes from smoking.”; physician: “And that worries you.”). In good MI, at least two reflections should be used per question asked.

Third intervention element

Affirmation includes praise (“That’s great that you want to do something about your smoking!”), recognition (“You are going through a difficult time right now.”), and understanding (“I can well understand that you are concerned about the side effects your medication could have.”).

Fourth intervention element

Summarizing is an effective technique whereby the contents mentioned by the patient that are significant for motivation to change are reflected back to the patient (for example, “On the one hand, you don’t want to forbid yourself anything, but on the other, the amount of money you spend on smoking bothers you and your cough worries you”).

Fifth intervention element

MI is characterized in a narrower sense by the encouraging of self-motivational statements. This involves making a distinction between patient utterances that oppose change and suggest a stabilization of the status quo (“sustain talk”; for example, “I don‘t think those 10 cigarettes a day are so bad”) and utterances that make a behavior change more likely in that the patient names reasons and intentions for change (“change talk”; for example, “If I got sick again, I would probably lose my job—maybe I should try the medication after all”). “Change talk” is encouraged by asking specific questions (“How could the medication help you against your depression?”), by affirming (“It‘s impressive that you see a link between the medication and opportunities for your further career”), or by selective reflection (“The medication can help you to stay healthy”) and can be differentiated according to two objectives:

Building motivation through concrete expressions characterized by the patient stating their desires, abilities, reasons for change, and perceived needs for change, as summarized by the acronym DARN (desire, ability, reasons, and need)
Stating commitment, activation, and first steps (acronym [CAT] for “commitment,” “activation,” and “taking steps”).

For successful behavior change, it is important that the patient’s need for change translates in the next step into a commitment to change behavior.

Information, as well as the clinician’s own ideas, can be incorporated in MI, whereby it is important to ensure that the patient is prepared to be confronted with the information and that the clinician’s viewpoint is expressed merely as an option and not as the only truth. From a methodological perspective, this is achieved in a three-step process (elicit–provide–elicit) by first asking for consent (“Would you like to know more about…”), secondly, offering the information in a neutral way (for example, “Scientific studies have shown…”), and finally asking the patient for their view (for example, “What do you think about…”). Information that the patient does not want or that they perceive as threatening usually causes reactance.

Conflicts during an interviewing session typically occur when interventions are not suited to the patient’s current motivation to change, for example, when a patient with high-risk alcohol consumption is given recommendations for action, whereas the patient is not yet clear about whether their alcohol consumption constitutes problematic behavior. This can manifest interpersonal dissonance (discord; for example, “Are you trying to imply that I’m an alcoholic?”) or in a reversion to “sustain talk” (“In my case, exercise wouldn’t do any good anyway”). In situations such as these, in addition to treating the patient with empathy, it is particularly important to emphasize their autonomy (“Only you can decide whether you want to change something about that”) ( Box 2 , 3 ) .

Processes of motivational interviewing (MI)

The format of MI treatment can be divided into four distinct processes ( 7 ); however, these do not follow on from one another in a static manner, since processes that have already been gone through may become more important again at a later point in time:

In this phase, which is indispensable for the development of a therapeutic working relationship, non-judgmental understanding of the patient’s views, values, and goals is of central importance. This can also be significant, for example, if the patient is not attending the interview voluntarily but due to external pressure.
In most cases, patients have a number of problem areas, the subjective significance of which can vary greatly. Focusing is about identifying the areas that take priority for the patient.
This process involves the transition to MI in the narrower sense; at this point, the interview becomes goal-oriented. Here, the motivation to change is encouraged relative to the patient’s priority areas of life, such that reasons for change and strategies for behavior change are incited by the patient themselves, that is to say, the patient “talks themselves into change,” so to speak. These change-related statements are reinforced and intensified.
Whereas the first three phases are fundamental constituents of MI, achieving this fourth phase depends on whether the patient decides for behavior change. If this is the case, the focus is put on making the intention to change more concrete in terms of the goals of a change, the envisaged strategies for achieving these goals, and formulating a concrete (that is to say, near-term and implementable) change plan.

Effectiveness of MI in medical care

Since the approach was first developed, the number of MI-specific publications has increased exponentially, to the extent that there are now more than 1300 randomized trials and around 150 reviews on the effectiveness of MI in a variety of behaviors and target populations. The majority of studies address problematic substance use. By means of a systematic literature search limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases on the effectiveness of MI in medical care settings using the search terms (“Motivational Interviewing” AND [“primary care” OR “medical care”]), it was possible to identify a total of nine systematic reviews published since 2005, of which two were meta-analyses. Both meta-analyses found small to moderate effect sizes with regard to various health-related behaviors such as blood pressure, substance use, and medication adherence of d =0.18 (95% confidence interval [0.03; 0.33]; p =0.02) ( 13 ) and (odds ratio: [OR] = 1.55 [1.40; 1.71]; p <0.001) ( 14 ), for the effectiveness of the technique. The included MI interventions varied from single contacts lasting 15 min to long-term treatments lasting up to a total of 480 min, with the majority of studies including brief interventions of no more than three sessions ( 14 ). Selected results on individual outcome parameters from the more comprehensive meta-analysis by Lundahl et al. (2013), which covered 48 studies with a total of 9618 included subjects, are shown in the Table ( 14 ). Effect sizes represent the improvement in the outcome criterion relative to controls; odds ratios > 1 indicate superiority of the MI group. The practical effect of the intervention is expressed by the binomial effect size display (BESD), in which the probability of success in the treatment group is subtracted from the probability of success in the control group. Values of >50% indicate a greater effect for the condition in question. Particularly marked treatment effects were found for a reduction in substance use, physical inactivity, body weight, and mortality, as well as for improved dental hygiene, acceptance of further treatment, and self-monitoring of health behavior (for example, with regard to blood glucose monitoring and nutrition). No significant effects were seen for eating disorders, self-care behaviors, or individual medical parameters such as heart rate. Effect sizes were greater when the intervention was delivered by the treating clinicians (versus medical/technical assistants). The average treatment effects were significant across all outcome measures, but were most pronounced for patient self-reports (OR = 1.69; [1.55; 1.84]), followed by third-party assessments (OR = 1.48; [1.24; 1.78]), and lowest for biological outcome parameters (OR = 1.18; [1.09; 1.28]) ( 14 ). According to Lundahl et al. (2013), effect sizes decrease over time, but five studies with follow-up surveys after more than 13 months nevertheless demonstrate significant effects compared with controls (OR = 1.14; 95% CI [1.03; 1.28]). Treatment effects were significant in waiting lists, as well as in unspecified routine treatments and psychoeducational control conditions.

Reviews of the effects of MI on medication adherence across disorders not limited to medical care found positive, albeit small, effects with a pooled relative risk of 1.17 ([1.05; 1.31]; p < 0.001) ( 15 ) and a Cohen’s d of 0.23 ([0.08; 0.37], p > 0.001), with the included studies being of heterogeneous quality ( 16 ).

A systematic review of the overall effectiveness of MI across settings and based on 104 published reviews (of which 39 were meta-analyses) found good evidence for cessation or prevention of unhealthy behaviors, particularly with regard to problematic substance use (primarily alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco), whereas the evidence for health-promoting behaviors (except the promotion of physical activity) was more heterogeneous and, in terms of the methodological quality of the studies included, weaker ( 17 ). With regard to potential moderator variables, effects were found compared to control groups that had received either no treatment or unspecified routine treatment, but not compared to control conditions with other evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( 17 ). Although studies on the effectiveness of MI in substance-related disorders point to greater cost-effectiveness for MI compared to other evidence-based interventions ( 18 ), corresponding reviews on the cost-effectiveness of MI across disorders are lacking to date ( 17 ).

On the basis of the studies conducted to date, MI has proved to be an evidence-based, effective, and comparatively economical method of promoting behavior change in ambivalent patients, particularly in the case of problematic substance use. There are not yet enough studies of high methodological quality available for a variety of other medical fields of application, such as motivation to adopt health-promoting behavior, to be able to make detailed statements on the indication for and differential efficacy of MI.

Mechanisms of MI

With regard to the specific mechanisms of MI, three alternative hypotheses are purported. The technical hypothesis, according to which the effectiveness of MI is achieved through basic skills such as open-ended questions, active listening, affirming, and summarizing in the form of selective reinforcement of patients’ self-motivational utterances, is the hypothesis that has been the most extensively studied to date and, comparatively, has received the most empirical support ( 19 – 21 ). The relational hypothesis, in contrast, assumes that relationship quality and therapeutic empathy are the most significant factors for the effectiveness of MI. This hypothesis has been investigated to a lesser extent and is deemed to be insufficiently substantiated, with one critical review pointing out that, in the majority of studies considered, the MI clinicians studied differed insufficiently in these characteristics to be able to demonstrate effects on effectiveness ( 19 ). The conflict resolution hypothesis states that the effect of MI can be attributed to a large extent to exploration and resolution of conflict, although here again, the empirical evidence is heterogeneous. In their review, Magill and Hallgren ( 19 ) conclude that the various factors should be regarded more as necessary than as sufficient conditions for the effect of MI, whereby further research needed.

Conclusions for clinical practice

The MI approach has proved its value for the promotion of intentional readiness for behavior change in a number of behavioral health problems, as well as for the promotion of treatment adherence, and can be used in medical practice even with limited time resources. Continuing education courses on the basic principles of MI, which usually last 2 days, are regularly offered by German Medical Councils and various private sponsors, and specialist literature on different fields of application is available in German ( 7 ). A number of German-speaking trainers are members of the international Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers ( www.motivationalinterviewing.org/trainer-listing ).

BESD, binomial effect size display: 2 × 2 table [group (MI, controls) × improvement (yes, no)]; * 1 p < 0.05; * 2 p < 0.01 MI, motivational interviewing

Example interview of motivational interviewing

Clinician: “We took a blood sample at your last appointment and I would like to discuss the findings with you. On the whole, your values are normal—only one liver enzyme value is elevated. You can see here, your gamma-GT is 220, a normal value would be 66 at the most. The gamma-GT level generally rises when, over a long period of time, one drinks more alcohol than the liver can break down. How does that sound to you?”

Patient: “I really can’t imagine that, I don’t actually drink that much. Well, okay, sometimes when I’m under a lot of stress at work, I’ll have a few more beers in the evening than usual, but otherwise I just have my after-work beer, and never any hard stuff.”

Clinician: “So this surprises you…”

Patient: “Yes, of course, I really don’t think I drink that much. I mean, I hardly ever get drunk.”

Clinician: “On the whole, you’ve got your drinking well under control; you only really drink a bit more when you’re under a lot of stress.”

Patient: “Of course, I’ll admit that now and again I need something in the evening to switch off. But I can’t imagine that my liver can’t cope with it; after all, I used to drink a lot more while I was training and never had any problems.”

Clinician: “You don’t see any problems with your alcohol consumption, and now the findings bother you, of course. Would you be interested in having a bit of information about the link between alcohol consumption and liver values?”

Patient: “Oh well, why not? Of course, I once read that too much alcohol is not good for the liver, but not in the case of one or two after-work beers….”

Clinician: “Recent studies have shown that alcohol consumption even in comparatively small amounts can cause a number of physical effects. Low-risk alcohol consumption is considered to be a daily amount of no more than two small alcoholic drinks in healthy men, which corresponds to about half a liter of beer. Higher alcohol consumption increases the risk of health consequences such as liver and cardiovascular diseases. Also, the recommendation is to not drink alcohol two days a week. What does hearing that make you think?”

Patient: “Well, to be honest, I’m already above that. I sometimes have four or five beers in the evening. But it never never seemed that much to me—it doesn’t make me drunk. But what you’ve told me about my liver values does of course sound quite worrying…”

Clinician: “On the one hand, you found your alcohol consumption quite normal, buth on the other, you’re worried now….”

Patient: “ Of course, and I don’t want it to get worse. But does that mean I can’t ever drink beer again?”

Clinician: “The idea that your liver values will continue to get worse scares you. From a medical perspective, it would be a good idea to abstain from alcohol completely for the time being so that your liver can regenerate, but only you can make that decision. So what do you think about what we’ve discussed so far?”

Patient: “Well, I suppose I should definitely cut down. To start with, no more alcohol until my liver is okay again. How long will that take?”

Clinician: “Not drinking anything for a while might actually be a good option. It generally takes 2–3 months for liver values to return to normal. How does that sound to you?”

Patient: “Well, 2–3 months sounds like an awfully long time—I mean, I can definitely manage it if I have to, but it’s probably okay to drink a beer once in a while when I’m with friends, isn’t it? The main thing is that I don’t drink as much as I have been drinking.”

Clinician: “You’re not sure whether you want to see this through for so long. On a scale of 0–10, how important is it to you at the moment not to drink alcohol for 2–3 months, if 0 means “not at all important” and 10 means “very important”?

Patient: “ Well, definitely a 6 or 7.”

Clinician: “Being able to sustain temporary abstinence is quite important to you. Why did you choose a 6 or 7 and not a 3 or 4?”

Patient: “If I’m honest, the thing with the liver values does make me think, and you did say that it takes that long for the values to normalize. And perhaps I could prove to myself at the same time that I’m still able to do that.”

Clinician: “In addition to the physical health aspect, you could also prove to yourself that you don’t need the alcohol. What would have to happen for your importance rating to increase from a 6 or 7 to an 8 or 9?”

Patient: “I’d need to have some sort of plan for what to do when I’m with my buddies. It would be weird to just have a water.”

Clinician: “It is actually normal to drink alcohol in your group of friends. How could you nevertheless abstain from drinking alcohol in those situations?”

Patient: “A good friend of mine once went on a diet and cut out beer, and actually everyone accepted it. Maybe I could try that too.”

Clinician: “That’s a really good idea! If you tell them that you’re not drinking at the moment for health reasons, that might help you feel less weird about the situation. So to recap: At the moment, you’re worried about your liver values, and you can imagine, in principle, giving up alcohol completely for a while. That way, you would also prove to yourself that you don’t need that after-work beer. It would feel strange at first when you meet up with friends, but if you tell them in advance, it shouldn’t be a problem. So what could you next step be?”

Patient: “ I think, to start with, I’ll try not to drink any alcohol for the next two months. Maybe that will already make a difference to my liver values, like you said.”

Clinician: “That’s a great idea! I suggest we make an appointment in six weeks and see how it went, and do another blood test at the same time.”

Questions on the article in issue 7/2021:

The submission deadline is 18 February 2022. Only one answer is possible per question. Please select the answer that is most appropriate.

What are the four processes of motivational interviewing?

Engaging, evoking, planning, clinician discontinues contact
Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning
Focusing, evoking, evaluating success, praising/criticizing the patient
Education, provocation, evaluation, distancing oneself from the patient
Focusing, distancing oneself from the patient, evaluation, praising/criticizing the patient

What does the abbreviation DALYs, which is used as a measure of the disease burden in the population, stand for?

Disease-adjusted life years
Duration-adjusted life years
Disease-affected life years
Drug-affected life years
Disability-adjusted life years

What is the patient’s basic attitude assumed to be in motivational interviewing (MI)?

The patient is essentially unmotivated.
The patient recognizes no abnormal behavior whatsoever in themselves.
The patient is ambivalent about behavior change.
The patient is highly motivated to change their behavior.
The patient has no understanding of the fact that their behavior could harm their health.

In terms of the therapeutic style of motivational interviewing, what should be avoided?

Evoking motivation to change
Compassion for the the patient’s life and experience
Being on eye level with the patient
Achieving behavior change against to the patient’s will
Developing discrepancy between problem behavior and the patient’s values

One of the techniques of motivational interviewing is to ask open-ended questions in order to address the problem behavior. How high should the minimum percentage of open-ended questions out of all the questions asked be in this type of interview?

At least 70%
At least 30%
At least 10%
At least 50%
At least 90%

Patients’ statements about their problem can be roughly divided into two categories. What are these called?

“Denial talk” and “progress talk”
“Negative talk” and “positive talk”
“Bad talk” and “good talk”
“Sustain talk” and “change talk”
“Ill talk” and “health talk”

No significant positive effects have been achieved as yet for which disease pattern according to Lundahl’s meta-analysis?

Eating disorders
Level of alcohol consumption
Level of cannabis use
Tobacco consumption

The chronification of health impairments is often promoted by inadequate medication adherence. How high is the percentage of patients with poor medication adherence according to a number of studies?

Approximately 30–60%
Approximately 20–40%
Approximately 15–30%
Approximately 5–10%
Approximately 1–2%

Which mechanism of MI is able to best explain the effectiveness of the procedure?

Exploration and conflict resolution
Psychoeducation
Reinforcement of self-motivational statements
Positive relationship building
Confrontation

Question 10

Motivation is built through the patient naming their desires, abilities, reasons for change, and needs for change. Which acronym summarizes these aspects?

Acknowledgments

Translated from the original German by Christine Rye.

Conflict of interest statement The authors are members of the international Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers.

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How nursing research informs nursing practice

Research can help improve patients’ outcomes as well as nurses’ professional lives, National Institute of Nursing Research director says at UND

Last Friday, a high-profile member of the nursing profession visited the UND College of Nursing & Professional Disciplines. The visitor was Shannon Zenk, director of the National Institute of Nursing Research, a part of the National Institutes of Health that conducts research and establishes a scientific basis for evolving nursing practices.

During a 45-minute fireside chat with CNPD Dean Maridee Shogren , Zenk shared her insights with the nearly 250 students in attendance. She emphasized the importance of the symbiotic relationship between nursing practice and research.

“They need to be interconnected. One informs the other,” Zenk said. “What we see in our practice informs the types of research questions we ask, and it’s really important that we take the evidence generated from research and apply it to our practice. There’s a continuum, and nurses are involved in the whole process.”

Zenk developed an interest in research after transitioning from the more traditional surgical-medical setting to one focusing on homecare. As she visited patients in their homes and interacted more directly with communities, she began to recognize common problems faced by populations with higher rates of illness — and this led to a growing interest in research.

“I was really struck by the differences in the resources people have, the differences in the communities and the implications that those factors had for people’s health,” Zenk said.

Early on in their conversation, Shogren asked Zenk what she believes to be the most urgent struggles faced in healthcare. Zenk replied that research increasingly shows a need to address gaps in health outcomes based on socioeconomic and racial differences.

“These disparities are among the biggest challenges we face, and we cannot address those challenges unless we take a big-picture approach to understanding health detriments and solutions,” Zenk said. “That means we’re looking upstream at the most fundamental drivers of what shapes our health: poverty, race, housing and food access and affordability.”

An increased focus on research regarding “upstream” contributors to overall health will equip healthcare professionals with the tools to address the root causes of illness before they manifest, Zenk said. And nurses, she said are uniquely positioned to help identify and solve these problems.

“The scope of our practice, the depth of our knowledge — from biological to societal — and our focus on individual patients, families and the community makes nursing research distinct,” she said. “Nurses have always had a really holistic perspective on health, and I think social determinants are a part of that.”

This broader approach to looking at community health outcomes has sparked an increased interest in healthcare equity, which Shogren says she’s seen flourishing in UND’s programs.

“We’ve seen a growing number of our students being especially interested in Indigenous health,” Shogren said, referencing the Recruitment & Retention of American Indians into Nursing or RAIN program. “We know that 79 percent of our nursing graduates from that program have gone on to be employees in Indigenous health centers in their home communities.”

In reply, Zenk said that that supporting a more diverse workforce is the next step toward creating a more equitable healthcare system.

“Both practice and research settings require people with diverse perspectives and diverse experiences to come together to really understand what is needed to improve people’s health,” she said. “We want to bring in people who haven’t had as much chance to have a seat at the table and give them opportunities to engage in research.”

Accordingly, Zenk hopes that as the table expands, nurses and nurse researchers will have more opportunities to improve the health of their communities.

“I’m always looking for opportunities to bring the nursing perspective — our voice, our viewpoint — to the table,” she said. “I hope that, as we move forward, we’ll apply our expertise and our experience to make a difference in reducing and eliminating health disparities.”

Following Shogren and Zenk’s discussion, the leaders opened the floor to questions from students and faculty, including questions about how students can get involved with research as undergraduates and how to find internships in the state.

A student looking ahead to graduation in May asked how she could integrate nursing research into her career when she is a practicing nurse.

“Don’t let go of those skills and the motivation you’re acquiring in class to look at and understand the research and literature,” Zenk replied. “I think it’s critically important to stay on top of the evidence and best practices to inform what you’re doing.”

Another student, interested in a research career, asked what being a nurse researcher is like. Zenk replied that while research roles and career paths are varied, the most fulfilling part of her work is the ability to connect with patients and the community.

“The most enjoyable part in my role is getting to talk with people and engage with communities to learn what’s important to them and what they think will work to improve their health,” she said. “Just like in practice, you’re getting to spend time with patients, families and communities. In research, that just looks a little different.”

barb anderson, shannon zenk, maridee shogren.

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Nursing students' capstones present clinical research

Published 04.25.2024

Photos by Jennifer Cline, writer/magazine editor

Penn College nursing students presented their capstone projects on Tuesday, researching a variety of health conditions they saw while completing clinical education experiences in area hospitals, and exploring ways to improve a process they witnessed.

The 23 students – all preparing to complete their bachelor’s degrees after final exams next week – are enrolled in three courses that, in tandem, resulted in their capstone projects: Adult Health Nursing III, taught by Pamela W. Baker, associate professor of nursing (with labs co-taught at clinical sites by Baker and nursing instructors Gina L. Bross, Jessica A. Confer and Steve C. Sofopoulos); Leadership & Management in Nursing, taught by Donnamarie Lovestrand, assistant professor of nursing; and Research & Theory in Clinical Practice, taught by Barbie D. Harbaugh, assistant professor of nursing.

As the nursing industry – like others – seeks continuous improvement, the research, leadership and presentation skills practiced will be vital in the students’ work.

Four student groups addressed:

Research: Preventing Skin Breakdown Using Wedges vs. Pillows in Intubated Intensive Care Unit Patients Process improvement: Improve communication and team building by instituting shift huddles Students: Monica I. Boone, of South Williamsport; Hesakya Hoover, of Williamsport; Shelby Pyatt, of Frenchtown, N.J.; Miranda Schneider, of Williamsport; Kaelynn N. Sheetz, of Elizabethtown; and Allison M. Troup, of Huntingdon.

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Research: Urinary Tract Infection Risk Assessment of Foley Catheters vs. External Catheters: A comparison Process improvement: Standardize the method for cleaning Foley catheters and provide consistent training to nurses Students: Madison C. Branstetter, of Tyrone; Kendra L. Rager, of Williamsport; Vanessa Reddick, of Sligo; Lisa Sever, of Montoursville; Aubrey Stetts, of Jersey Shore; and Madison S. Wells, of Muncy Valley.

Research: Decreasing Alarm Fatigue in the ICU Setting (The alarms are those on monitoring equipment, such as ventilators and cardiac monitors.) Process improvement: Improve response time to reduce the stress of nurses and improve patient outcomes. Students: Dana P. Clements, of Cleona; Sadie V. Kerstetter, of Loganton; Ashlyn R. Leo, of Benton; Katharine M. Noss, of Shickshinny; and Krysta Windnagle, of Addison, N.Y.

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Opinions and experiences of operating room nurse on ethical sensitivity: a phenomenological study

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Published: 23 April 2024

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Sevda Uzun ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-717X 1 ,
Nurşen Kulakaç ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-1063 2 &
Mehmet Çağatay Boyraz ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-6344 3

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The aim of this study is to examine the opinions and experiences of operating room nurses about ethical sensitivity phemenologically. This phenomenological study, which is in the qualitative research design, was conducted with 14 operating room nurses. Prior to the study, a pilot study was conducted with three nurse families. The interviews were conducted using a face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interview form and the data were analyzed with Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Interview data were collected between 15 June 2022 and 15 October 2022 in the country. Three categories, seven main themes, and twenty-three sub-themes emerged as a result of the interviews. In the theme of ethical dilemmas experienced by operating room nurses, there are sub-themes of professional ethics, teamwork, and patient dignity and benefit. There are physical and psychological sub-themes in the theme of ethical sensitivity perception and practices of operating room nurses, and among the subthemes, ensuring patient privacy, providing professional competence, providing psychological support to the patient, being friendly and communicating effectively, and respecting the patient’s autonomy come to the fore. Views of operating room nurses on the importance of ethical principles were discussed under the headings of profession and patient. Our results are valuable in that they shed light on the perspectives and experiences of the operating room nurses while maintaining ethical sensitivity. The high ethical sensitivity perceptions of operating room nurses are associated with an increase in the quality of care. It is thought that the high perception of ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses is an important factor that increases the satisfaction of individuals receiving care and the job satisfaction and quality of care of nurses.

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Introduction

Surgical intervention is a physiological and psychological stress factor for the patient, and patients feel lonely and vulnerable in operating rooms. Perceived as an unfamiliar setting far from families, operating rooms are application areas where patients are subjected to painful procedures and need nursing care (Güvenir Özpekin & Erdim, 2016 ). At this stage, nurses working in operating rooms are involved, using moral concepts to protect patients’ rights, health, and safety. The fundamental ethical concept of regard for human dignity should guide nurses’ actions while providing care during surgical procedures that hurt patients in every way. Operating room nurses must prioritize patient safety and moral judgment as they represent the interests of their patients. It is especially critical to make ethical decisions on behalf of patients who are unconscious under anesthesia, dependent on others for all life activities, and unable to make their own decisions (Morley et al., 2020 ; Muldrew et al., 2018 ; Yumusak, 2020 ).

Ethical sensitivity is defined as the ability to recognize ethical problems (Yorulmaz, 2021 ). In their everyday practices, nurses should offer care within the bounds of universal ethical standards and exhibit moral conduct in their interpersonal interactions. Thus, moral attitude and behavior should be integrated with professional knowledge and skills (Sperling, 2021 ; Tosun, 2021 ; Yorulmaz, 2021 ). Although ethical sensitivity is an important issue for relic; It is directly related to ethical decision making, nursing care, patient approach. Considering that the nurse is the person who spends the most time with the patient during the treatment and care process, receives the patient’s personal information during the admission and hospitalization process, provides personal and private treatment to the patient during the hospitalization and treatment process, and is the first to deal with the patient about the variety of treatment and treatment rejection; Ethical sensitivity gains importance in nurses (Kılıç, 2019 ; Yorulmaz, 2021 ). As nursing has evolved historically and scientific knowledge has increased daily, it has faced challenges unique to the profession in terms of ethics and professionalism (Karaçar et al., 2020 ). The development of technology, resource sharing, individual rights, and changes in nursing responsibilities pave the way for potential ethical issues that nurses may face in the workplace. One of these contexts is the operating room nurse’s ethical decision-making process. Studies on ethics in operating room nurses have shown that they experience ethical problems in issues such as being an observer in surgery without patient consent, advising the patient about surgeons, ignoring standards in sterilizing operating room instruments, intervening in the wrong patient or the wrong area in the patient, and reporting suspicious drug use (Jansen et al., 2020 ; Yumusak, 2020 ).

To the best of our knowledge, most studies in the literature have focused on the professional values and ethical sensitivities of general or intensive care nurses (Çelik Bekleviç, 2019 ; Çelik et al., 2012 ; Gao et al., 2020 ; Hanssen et al., 2020 ; Kaya, 2013 ; Küçük, 2016 ). However, even though operating room nursing is a unique nursing specialty where patient safety is of utmost importance, where many ethical issues and medical errors arise as a result of the rapid patient circulation, stress, complexity, and isolation, and which uses ethical principles most frequently in decision-making and problem-solving, there have been very few studies on operating room nurse ethics (Gao et al., 2020 ; Hanssen et al., 2020 ).

Looking at the literature however, nurses, who are health professionals in the face of these dilemmas, have to maintain practices related to care and treatment, and therefore they have to make decisions. However, ethical decision making is associated with the development of ethical sensitivity. Sensitivity, which is an integral part of the moral response, is perceived as the interpretation/feeling of the actual state of the sick or healthy individual. It is closely related to giving importance. Ethical sensitivity, which is also defined as the ability to identify an ethical problem, is to provide an ethically defensible judgment. Ethical sensitivity is to solve ethical problems, clarify or justify action or prevent an ethical dilemma or conflict in operating room nurses, as in all units (Tazegün & Çelebioğlu, 2016 ; Tosun, 2021 ).

While operating room technology offers healthcare team members many more choices than in the past, there are also conflicts between the choices made and certain moral principles; each new development brings with it difficult choices. Often “What can medicine do?” or “What should be done?”, “Which developments are personally and socially good, and which are contrary to and against the traditional moral system?”. These and similar questions are currently being discussed in International and National health policy platforms and Ethics Committees all over the world and in our country (Milliken, 2018 ; Atiyeh et al., 2020 ; Tosun, 2021 ).

Operating rooms are among the environments where nurses participate in the ethical decision-making process. Ethical decisions are especially critical for patients under anesthesia who are unconscious, dependent in all life activities and unable to make their own decisions. As a patient advocate, the operating room nurse must ensure the safety of the patient (Özen, 2014 ). Operating room nurses need to use ethical principles to ensure the rights, health and safety of patients. It is very important that nurses, who have the responsibility to provide care during the surgical process that exposes individuals to injury in every aspect, work within the framework of respect for human beings, which is the basic ethical principle (Yumusak, 2020 ).

In operating rooms, which have an important place in patient safety, many ethical problems and medical errors develop due to rapid patient circulation, stressful, complex and isolated working areas. Although operating room nurses are the special nursing field that uses professional values and ethical principles the most in ethical decision making and problem solving, it has been determined that there is a very limited number of studies. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the ethical sensitivity perceptions and experiences of operating room nurses.

The research questions are as follows.

To what extent do nurses care about basic ethical values?

What experiences have nurses had regarding ethical dilemmas?

Material and method

Type of research and study group.

Phenomenological research design, a qualitative research design, was used to reveal the ethical sensitivities and experiences of operating room nurses. This design was chosen because it gives participants a lot of leeway to describe a novel phenomenon, provide extensive data, and describe their experiences (Yıldırım & Şimşek, 2016 ). The goal of the phenomenological method is to identify the essence of the event being studied and to convey the experience “just as it presents itself, neither adding to nor deleting from it” (Morrow et al., 2015 ; Willig, 2013 ).

The participants in this study were selected with purposive sampling. Measuring instruments individuals to whom it will be applied, through purposive sampling determined. In purposeful sampling, the researcher previous theoretical knowledge about the universe and their own knowledge and the specific purpose of the research determines a sample based on (Fraenkel et al., 1993 ). In this research, research purposive sampling in determining the group Maximum Diversity Method has been adopted (Başaran, 2019 ).

The population consisted of operating room nurses of a state hospital. The inclusion criteria were working in the operating room and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria from the sample were determined as working in any service other than the operating room, having language, speech or hearing impairment that would prevent communication, and not accepting to participate in the study.

In addition, the maximum diversity sampling method was used by choosing volunteer participants who differed from each other, such as being married/single, gender, age, total work experience, and receiving training on ethics (Creswell & Clark, 2016 ; Ersoy, 2016 ). All 25 nurses working in the operating room were invited to the study. The interviews were continued until the data were repeated and ended when data saturation was reached by interviewing 14 nurses.

Throughout the course of this study, the authors adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines, ensuring the comprehensive reporting of their research process (Tong et al., 2007 ). (Table 1 ).

The demographic characteristics of the nurses who participated in the study are presented in Table 2 .

Research team and reflexivity

Both members of the research team work as active faculty members (doctor faculty members) in nursing schools, and the third researcher works as an operating room nurse in a public hospital. One of the researchers has a doctorate in psychiatric nursing and the second one has a doctorate in surgical nursing. The third researcher is a graduate student in nursing. All three of the researchers had experience working as clinical nurses in hospitals, and both were trained in qualitative research methods.

Data collection tools

The data collection tools consisted of questions including sociodemographic data of the participant (age, gender, etc.) and a semi-structured interview form. Semi-structured interviews allow us to obtain in-depth information in the relevant field (Büyüköztürk et al., 2018 ). The study was conducted by asking 6 open-ended questions developed by the researchers, which were prepared by taking expert opinions from 5 lecturers who were experienced in the field of public health, surgery and psychiatry and in phenemenological analysis. Questions in the semi-structured interview form are as follows.

How important are professional ethics for you?

Which professional code of ethics is more important to you and why?

What are the situations in which you experience ethical dilemmas? What are your experiences on this subject?

How do you perceive your ethical sensitivity and why? What are your opinions on ethical sensitivity?

What is the effect of working as an operating room nurse on ethical situations? Please explain.

What are the ethical values you pay the most attention to for patients (protection of privacy, integrity, honesty, confidentiality, respect for autonomy, aesthetics)? What are their benefits for the patient?

Pilot study

In order to test the interview questions, three operating room nurses were selected to participate in the pilot study before the main study.

Data collection

The data were collected by one of the researchers between 01.06.2022–15.10.2022. Nurses who met the research criteria were evaluated by the researcher in the hospital environment, and interviews were conducted with those who agreed to participate in the study. The researcher informed the nurses about the purpose and implementation steps of the study in the hospital environment and conducted face-to-face individual interviews in an empty and quiet room in the hospital. All interviews were conducted in a private location, chosen by the nurse-participant, ensuring their participation was not known to members of their clinical unit. The researcher explained the purpose of the study to the participants before each interview and informed them that she would direct questions to them during the interview and that they could talk as much as they wished. At the beginning of the interviews, to create a pleasant environment for the nurses, the patient-identifying characteristics form was filled out first, and then the ethical sensitivities of the nurses were questioned with a semi-structured interview form by audio recording. No observer was present in the interview room during the interview. Each interview lasted between 35 and 45 minutes. There were no repeated interviews with the operating room nurses.

Data analysis

The study employed Colaizzi’s method to focus on human experiences (Wirihana et al., 2018 ). The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the 7-step analysis method developed by Colaizzi ( 1978 ) for phenomenological studies (Colaizzi, 1978 ; Morrow et al., 2015 ). Accordingly, to determine what the data explained, the interview materials were first separately and repeatedly examined by three researchers. As a result, the remarkable statements from the interview texts were chosen, rearranged, and generally summarized. Next, the facts that the quotes were meant to clarify were found and examined. By debating the definitions until they came to an agreement, the researchers developed and validated them. The topics were then categorized by the researchers into main and subthemes. The development of the study’s topics and sub-themes involved precise articulation. In addition, participants’ statements were included so that the reader could verify the interpretation and analysis of the data.

Ethical aspects of the research

This research was approved by the X University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (2021/09). Informed consent was obtained from the participants before the interviews. The recordings and transcripts were stored on a password-protected device.

A total of 14 of the individuals who participated in the study their mean age was 40.71 ± 7,08 (Min: 25, Max: 49). Eight of the participants were female, six were male, and twelve were married. Most of the nurses took a course on ethics during their education, and many of them received training on ethics in the institution where they worked. This training was mainly in-service training. The characteristics of the participants are shown in Table 2 .

Three categories, seven main themes, and twenty-three sub-themes emerged from the interviews. The category of ethical dilemmas experienced by operating room nurses is given in the table below (Table 3 ).

Theme 1 . Professional ethics

Benefit-no harm

Some participants stated that they experienced ethical dilemmas in terms of benefiting and not harming, which made them very uncomfortable.

“In a cardiac operation, in the middle of the procedure, I noticed that the patient’s heart had suffered significant damage and I had a gut feeling that it wouldn’t go well. That was when I faced a dilemma.” (P13). “For example, in a plastic surgery case, the patient was someone I knew, and I was undecided whether to enter the case or not, because I had an ethical dilemma about what I would do or what I should do if I had to tell the family some situations correctly.” (P3).

Some participants said that they occasionally found themselves in circumstances when they were unable to provide the patients with the information they needed, and they faced dilemmas. Some nurses stated that they questioned whether they were professionally competent.

“When patients ask questions, I occasionally find myself in a difficult position to respond…” (P2). “Especially in oncologic surgeries, the patient sometimes asks if they are going to come out of the surgery and you don’t really know what to say because the surgery is risky and this situation is really difficult.” (P7).

Being professionally competent

Concerning professional competence, nurses reported facing ethical dilemmas.

“I had a dilemma about whether the material mentioned by the physician was correct or not.” (P12). “When I first started in the operating room, an emergency patient was to be operated on, and I was worried about whether or not to operate on that patient.” (P14).

Adhering to correct sterilization and aseptic techniques

Some nurses emphasized that they experienced dilemmas about proper sterilization and compliance with aseptic techniques and that these disturb them.

“I have a dilemma about whether to open a new medical item and break sterility when it is unclear whether the doctor will use it or not. It happened to me once, and the material was wasted.” (P11). “I have a dilemma about the tools mostly during the case. We have more than one hall and since the tools are limited, I have a dilemma in the order of which tool to use for which patient. but no patient was affected by this, it should not be affected, so when we experience these problems, we try to reach the result in the most accurate and fastest way.” (P6).

Theme 2. Teamwork

Having a team spirit

Participants acknowledged that they occasionally struggled to cooperate with doctors or other team members.

“There are situations where I have ethical dilemmas about team spirit...Sometimes with physicians and sometimes with my colleagues... For instance, there are situations when a doctor feels that CPR is not essential or that the patient will not recover. At those moments, I feel incredibly uncomfortable...” (P3). “Because I work in the operating room, I believe that teamwork is crucial to the effectiveness of the intervention and any following rehabilitation.” (P9).

Effective communication with the surgical team

Operating room nurses reported that due to poor communication at work, they occasionally face ethical dilemmas.

“Because the team and I don’t communicate well enough, I occasionally find myself in a challenging situation. Sometimes I don’t comprehend the medical supplies the doctor needs, I’m inadequate, and I might supply the wrong thing, and this affects me…” (P6). “I had a dilemma about communication during the operation. I had a dilemma about whether the material the physician said was correct or not.” (P12).

Theme 3. Patient dignity and benefit

Respect for patient confidentiality

Most participants stated that they care about and respect confidentiality.

“Confidentiality, for example, what happened during the surgery should not be reflected outside, sometimes, unfortunately, such things happen…It’s unpleasant when our coworkers share patient-related situations with others outside.” (P7).

Protection of privacy

Some participants said that because of ethical privacy concerns, they were hesitant to perform surgery on female patients.

“There are situations where I have ethical dilemmas about privacy. Sometimes patients are not covered, and I cover them right away…” (P12).

Respect patient autonomy

Some of the participants reported an ethical dilemma regarding patient autonomy.

“Some patients do not want the surgery very much and after their relatives or the doctor convinces them, they decide to have the surgery even if it is difficult. In this case, sometimes there are patients who tell the nurse what do you think, I don’t want this surgery, but I am having it because my family wants it, I hesitate about this issue, I wish you don’t have it if you don’t want it, but unfortunately, in this regard, again, people think about benefit and harm...” (P8).

The category of perception of ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses and their practices is given in the table below (Table 4 ).

Theme 1. Physically

Ensuring patient privacy

The operating room nurses expressed that they did their best to ensure the privacy of the patients.

“Our priority is privacy, if the door is open when the patient enters, I take care to keep it closed. This makes me happy and relieves the patient as well.” (P10). “In the operating room, maintaining privacy is our priority…” (P8). “I’ve faced a privacy dilemma. In my opinion, there isn’t enough privacy, particularly in the waiting areas. I was unsure if the patient was sufficiently covered when being taken to the operation, so I covered her.” (P4).

Strive to achieve professional competence

Some nurses stated that they strive to provide professional competence.

“I strive to be competent in the professional field, and I try to learn medical supplies…” (P4). “I mostly have dilemmas about the tools during the case. Since we have more than one hall and the tools are limited, I have a dilemma in the order of which tool to use for which patient. But no patient was affected by this, it should not be affected, so when we have these problems, we try to reach the result in the most accurate and fastest way. I try to learn the materials in my free time.” (P6).

Considering the patient’s benefit and acting accordingly

Almost all the nurses stated that they consider the patient benefit and try to act accordingly.

“I try to do the best for patients’ benefit...Our priority is benefit for patients...” (P5). “I take care to be honest with patients. I try to respect the principles of confidentiality and privacy are the values I pay attention to. I try to do my best for the benefit of the patient.”(P3).

Doing your job in the right way

Almost all of the nurses stated that they tried to do their job in the most accurate way.

“Privacy, honesty and doing your job properly are very important to me. I think doing your job properly is important for the patient and for morality. (P1).

Warn team members about ethical principles

Some participants stated that they warn team members, especially colleagues, who do not comply with ethical principles.

“I consider myself to be ethically sensitive, and I try to warn my team members as much as possible.” (P10). “I am sensitive about ethics, especially about privacy. Patients come to the operating room in fear and I try to comfort them. I also warn my teammates in this direction..” (P12).

Theme 2. Psychologically

Providing psychological support to the patient

Most nurses noted that they provide psychological support to the patient.

“Ethical circumstances have a big impact on us in the operation room. Patients are nervous when they enter the operating room, so we talk to them to help them feel comfortable and explain what will happen.” (P9). “If you are an operating room nurse, I think it has a great impact on ethical situations. I think that an operating room nurse should adopt ethical principles and in this direction, especially the patient who comes to the operating room with fear should be psychologically supported and the patient should be comforted...” (P12).

Welcoming the patient with a smiling face and communicating effectively

Some nurses believed that effective communication with the patient and a smiling face provided a relationship of trust with the patient.

“I think that I am a sensitive person. First, I think that I relieve the patient’s excitement by welcoming every patient. That’s why I think we should be sensitive.” (P7). “The operating room environment is an unknown and frightening environment for patients, in this case, of course, patients may be afraid when they first arrive, but if there is a team that welcomes them with a smiling face, especially a nurse, believe me, the patient’s anxiety will decrease and they will be less afraid. In this context, the operating room environment is very important and we nurses can do a lot.(P11).

Respecting the patient’s autonomy

Most nurses reported that they respect the autonomy of their patients and see patients as unique.

“Patients’ autonomy is very important, and I am very sensitive about it....” (P13). “I have been working in the operating room for 12 years, during this time we have encountered many unethical situations and I tried to warn my teammates as much as I could. But in some cases you are also helpless, for example, the patient does not want the operation very much and asks you there, and unfortunately I do not know exactly what to say.” (P2).

Providing a therapeutic environment

Nurses stated that patients come to the operating room fearful and anxious, so they try to create a therapeutic environment for them.

“Privacy and communication. While working, I took care to explain the procedure to the patients and tried to provide a suitable environment.” (P10). “The operating room environment is an unknown and frightening environment for patients, in this case, of course, patients may be afraid when they first arrive, but if there is a team that welcomes them with a smiling face, especially a nurse, believe me, the patient’s anxiety will decrease and they will be less afraid. In this context, the operating room environment is very important and we nurses can do a lot. (P11).

Making the patient feel that they are not alone and being there for them

Some of the nurses stated that they made the patients feel that they were not alone and thus the fearful operating room environment turned into a less fearful environment.

“Here, as I said, it is in our hands to communicate with the patient, to understand his feelings, to empathize with him, to make him feel that you are with him are very important situations.” (P5). “I think I am a sensitive person. First of all, I make simple explanations to each patient to make them feel comfortable. Then, I let them know that I am with them with both therapeutic touch and verbal communication, which makes me very happy, and when the patient’s anxiety decreases, I am very happy... (P10).

Using silence (being there when crying and providing support)

The nurses stated that especially in high-risk surgeries, they see that patients may cry and be hopeless, and in this case they use silence.

“Especially in oncologic surgeries or severe heart surgeries, patients may think that they will die and cry. In this case, we nurses are with them and wait silently for them to cry.”(P11). “Due to the perception that the operating room environment is horrible, patients may find themselves in an emotional discharge and sometimes cry, in which case we provide psychological support. Obviously, we nurses have a lot of duties and responsibilities.”(P3).

The category of views on the importance of ethical principles in operating room nursing is given in the table below (Table 5 ).

Theme 1. For the patient

Respect for human dignity

Most nurses stated that if ethical principles are followed, human dignity is respected, and the patient is happy.

“It is very important to respect human dignity...” (P7). “Professional ethical values are valuable for every profession. they are more important for our profession. especially human dignity.” (P14).

Ensuring confidentiality

Some nurses emphasized how crucial it is to maintain anonymity. Some nurses said that they did their best to protect the confidentiality of their patients.

“Privacy. For example, what happens during surgery should not be reflected outside, sometimes, unfortunately, such things happen... “(P7). “I try to pay attention to ethical principles, I pay more attention to the privacy and confidentiality of the patient, so I see myself as a sensitive nurse.” (P10).

Most nurses stated that ensuring privacy is very important. Privacy is very important for nurses.

“I think I am sensitive about this, especially about privacy.” (P13). “I think working in the operating room has a lot to do with the concept of privacy. Privacy is our red line from the moment the patient is prepared for surgery until s/he leaves the operating room...” (P1).

Increased patient satisfaction

Some nurses stated that patient satisfaction increases when ethical principles are followed.

“If we conduct in accordance with ethical ideals, I believe patient satisfaction will increase.” (P12). “Ethical principles are our red line, and when we act in this direction, you can be sure that quality care will be provided to patients. Although we cannot see the patients in the wards, we somehow hear from our nurse friends there and the patients send us greetings and thank us.” (P5).

Theme 2. For the profession.

Increased confidence in nursing

Some nurses reported that when ethical standards are upheld, public confidence in their field will rise.

“Thanks to ethical principles, trust in the nursing profession increases...” (P2). “I think that the operating room environment is more sterile, transparent, especially ethical situations have a very important place in terms of privacy, which encourages compliance with ethical rules. I think that when ethical principles are followed, trust in nurses will increase.”(P6).

Improved quality of care

Some nurses stated that ethical principles would increase the quality of care in the profession and patients would be satisfied.

“Ethical principles are important as they increase the quality of care and patients become happy...” (P8). “Ethical principles are our red line, and when we act in this direction, you can be sure that quality care will be provided to patients. Although we cannot see the patients in the wards, we somehow hear from our nurse friends there and the patients send us greetings and thank us.” (P5).

Improved professional satisfaction

Some nurses stated that complying with ethical principles would increase professional satisfaction.

“I think professional satisfaction will increase because being conscientious is important, and ethical values are very important…” (P4). “I realized that I paid more attention to my ethical sensitivity after working as an operating room nurse during the years I worked. Thus, professional satisfaction also increases, and frankly, one puts one’s head on the pillow comfortably.”(P11).

Ensuring effective team communication

Some nurses thought that ethical principles would bring a standard to the team and provide effective communication.

“Teamwork. Making decisions as a team and working in harmony is crucial when we enter the operating room for a case…” (P3). “During the years I worked in the operating room, I always paid attention to confidentiality, teamwork, honesty. I learned that we should follow ethical rules during the time I worked here... These situations are very important... (P1).

The study also demonstrated that operating room nurses place a high priority on ethical values, with the principle of protection of privacy emerging as the most crucial ethical value, and it was followed by the principles of honesty, confidentiality, benefit-no harm, justice, and loyalty.

The study aimed to examine the opinions and experiences of operating room nurses about ethical sensitivity phemenologically. The main findings of the study show that operating room nurses care about ethical principles and sometimes experience ethical dilemmas.

Ethical dilemmas experienced by operating room nurses

According to the results, nurses frequently faced ethical dilemmas like patients’ benefit, cooperation, and professional ethics. In the operating room setting, nurses encountered dilemmas, particularly concerning sanitation, medical supplies, and the use of new items. In addition, some nurses thought that some surgeries did more harm than good to patients and experienced ethical dilemmas. Likewise, Aghamohammadi et al. ( 2021 ) found that operating room nurses experienced ethical dilemmas in terms of angelic ethics. The results suggest that because nursing is a human relations-based profession, nurses encounter ethical dilemmas wherever they practice. Given that nursing care is a humanistic, holistic concept founded on the values of non-harm-benefit, benevolence, equality, and justice, it is by definition an ethical process. Regardless of an individual’s age, gender, education level, ethnic origin, culture, spiritual values, or religious views, nurses should be aware of all verbal and non-verbal behaviors and be able to interpret them (Larti et al., 2018 ; Mardani Shorje et al., 2019 ; Yumusak, 2020 ). When health professionals support patients’ self-determination, give patients a sense of autonomy and try to understand their experiences and communicate openly and honestly, patients’ trust in health professionals increases (Liang et al., 2022 ). In operating rooms, which have an important place in patient safety, many ethical problems and medical errors develop due to rapid patient circulation, stressful, complex and isolated working areas. In this context, the fact that nurses have basic ethical values can be considered a very positive indicator for the future of the nursing profession.

Perception of ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses and their practices

Every aspect of a nurse’s professional work involves a human-to-human interaction, which also involves an ethical interaction. Nursing professionals should view patients as their most valuable resource and treat them with respect for their life, dignity, individuality, morals, and social roles (Schroeder et al., 2020 ; Wong et al., 2020 ). In this context, the high ethical sensitivity of nurses is very important in terms of quality of care. It can be concluded that the majority of the operating room nurses involved in the study have a good level of ethical sensitivity perception, which is a positive finding in terms of the results of our study. Nurses in our study reported performing physical actions like ensuring patient privacy, making efforts to ensure professional competence, considering patient benefit and acting accordingly, and warning team members about ethical principles within the scope of ethical sensitivity. In addition, they strive to provide psychological support to the patient, be friendly and communicate effectively, respect the patient’s autonomy, and provide a therapeutic environment. Similar to our study, Hanssen et al. ( 2020 ) emphasized that respect and care for the patient, making the patient feel safe, and respect, cooperation, and communication within the perioperative team are among the most important ethical practices of operating room nurses (Hanssen et al., 2020 ). In addition, Erriksson et al. stated in a study conducted with operating room nurses that it is very important for patients to feel that nurses are with them and that this situation can be good for the mental state of the patients (Eriksson et al., 2020 ). The delivery of care is especially critical for patients under anesthesia who are unconscious, dependent in all life activities and unable to make their own decisions. As a patient advocate, the operating room nurse must ensure patient safety. Operating room nurses need to use ethical principles to ensure the rights, health and safety of patients. It is very important that nurses, who have the responsibility to provide care during the surgical process that exposes individuals to injury in every aspect, work within the framework of respect for human beings, which is the basic ethical principle (Yumusak, 2020 ). In this context, it is thought that the high perception of ethical sensitivity of nurses in the study will increase the quality of care in operating room environments and increase patient satisfaction.

Views on the importance of ethical principles in operating room nursing

The operating room nurses in the study attach great importance to the principles of respecting human dignity, ensuring confidentiality, protecting privacy, and increasing patient satisfaction, which is related to ethical sensitivity. In the study conducted by Torabi et al. ( 2018 ), it was determined that operating room nurses had a very positive perception in terms of professional values (Torabi et al., 2018 ). Studies show that the high ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses with high workloads has a positive effect on the image of the nursing profession.

Account is taken of national health policies and health organizations, of perceptions of the role of nurses in health provision, of gender and class relations, of institutional practices and standards of patient care. Attention is also given to the needs that nurses themselves say they have in relation to the moral problems that they encounter. Specific moral concepts, theories and forms of engagement may have particular resonance for groups of nurses and individual nurses at specific historical junctures and locations (Grace, 2022 ; McCarthy & Gastmans, 2015 ). Technological progress, resource sharing, individual rights and changes in the roles of nurses create an environment for ethical problems that nurses may encounter in the working environment. In these situations, operating room nurses participate in ethical decision-making processes. In this context, this study is very important in terms of showing that the ethical sensitivity of nurses is high but they need to improve it. It is thought that nurses’ high perception of ethical sensitivity is an important factor that increases the satisfaction of individuals receiving care and nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of care.

The findings of our study are crucial in that they shed light on operating room nurses’ opinions and experiences with ethical sensitivity. In addition, operating room nurses attach great importance to ethical principles, and among the most important ethical values, the principle of protection of privacy ranked first, followed by the principles of honesty, confidentiality, benefit-no harm, justice, and loyalty. The perception of operating room nurses’ high ethical sensitivity is crucial for improving the standard of care. To treat patients according to professional standards, operating room nurses need to be conscious of their professional values. Considering that the development of professional values and high perceptions of ethical sensitivity of operating room nurses is an important factor that increases the satisfaction of individuals receiving care and the job satisfaction and quality of care of nurses, it can be said that the results of the study are very important. In this sense, the study is thought to have an important contribution to the literature. The results of this study can guide the development of a nursing ethics curriculum and provide a reference for nursing educators to develop intervention strategies to improve nursing’ ethical decision-making so that they can cope with and solve ethical issues and dilemmas.

Limitation of this study

Two limitations of this study are the qualitative approach and the small number of interviews (fourteen in total). However, data collection was conducted in the operating room unit of a public hospital respectively. Furthermore, the reliability of the results was ensured through a scientific systematic analysis using the well-documented methodology of annotated qualitative content analysis. Further interviews with nurses in different regions can inform us about initiatives that can increase ethical sensitivity both in different departments and in nursing education. The validity of the study should be discussed within its limitations and further studies are needed to investigate the experiences of nurses working in different units regarding their experiences of ethical sensitivity.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Uzun, S., Kulakaç, N. & Boyraz, M.Ç. Opinions and experiences of operating room nurse on ethical sensitivity: a phenomenological study. Curr Psychol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05964-z

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In Conversation with...Katie Boston-Leary about Patient Safety Amid Nursing Workforce Challenges

Editor’s note: Katie Boston-Leary, PhD, MBA, MHA, RN, NEA-BC, CCT, is the Director of Nursing Programs at the American Nurses Association and Adjunct Professor at the University of Maryland School of Nursing and the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University. We spoke to her about patient safety amid nursing workforce challenges.

Sarah Mossburg: Welcome Dr. Boston-Leary. Please tell us about yourself and your current role.

Katie Boston-Leary: I am the Director of Nursing Programs at the American Nurses Association (ANA). I have been a nurse for about 30 years and, prior to joining ANA, was Chief Nursing Officer at a couple of hospitals in Maryland. At ANA, I oversee nursing practice and work environment, which includes staffing, well-being, workplace violence, and racism in nursing. After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and with a grant through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we became a clinical practice resource for nurses. I also teach at the University of Maryland School of Nursing in their nursing leadership courses.

Sarah Mossburg: Together with the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American Organization for Nursing Leadership, Healthcare Financial Management Association, and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the ANA has participated in Partners for Nurse Staffing as well as a related Think Tank and Task Force. Can you tell us about the Think Tank and Task Force and their purpose?

Katie Boston-Leary: Partners for Nurse Staffing assembled well before the pandemic to understand how we can impact staffing. When staffing issues became urgent during the pandemic, we decided to assemble the Nurse Staffing Think Tank, a diverse group of stakeholders from around the country—not just nurses.

The Think Tank’s focus was on short-term actions that could be taken at an institutional level to address the staffing crisis and its implications, including nurse retention, the work environment, and patient outcomes. The Task Force focused on longer-term interventions that could sustain improvement in nurse staffing with stronger policy-making. Both groups included nurses, nurse leaders, and experts from human resources, patient safety, regulatory affairs and patient advocates on finance to name a few. The recommendations were published in a report that’s freely available online. 1 , 2

Sarah Mossburg: You mentioned ANA’s role during the pandemic. Could you comment further on how the staffing shortage was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Katie Boston-Leary: COVID-19 exacerbated existing staffing concerns and exposed vulnerabilities in staffing, problems that have long deserved more attention and action at multiple levels. A bed is of no use if it’s not staffed properly or not staffed at all.

Sarah Mossburg: What trends are you seeing in the nursing workforce?

Katie Boston-Leary: We are seeing the average age of nurses coming down. We’re also seeing that nurses are leaving the workforce, and for the first time in 40 years, there was a drop in the nursing workforce. 3 When you look at who is leaving, it’s nurses between the ages of 25 and 34—primarily millennial or Gen Z nurses. This is important because the common assumption is that we are losing nurses primarily to retirement. This exodus says a lot—the future of nursing is leaving. For years, nurses have been “grinning and bearing it.” Now they are leaving, not only nursing, but leaving health care overall.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are still major issues in nursing that need to be addressed. In my opinion, nursing is not as diverse as it should be. It’s 2024, and lack of diversity still impacts the care that we deliver. It also impacts people of color who are delivering care, including nurses.

Sarah Mossburg: What other trends do you see?

Katie Boston-Leary: Labor pools that support nurses, such as nursing assistants or patient care technicians, have felt underpaid for years. 4 , 5 With low unemployment rates and different benefits offered by the retail and hospitality industry, these healthcare workers are moving to other industries. People are attracted to work that is less physically taxing with more benefits and pay. 6 , 7

Healthcare is competing for talent; nurses can’t practice alone. Nursing support roles must be in place for nurses to practice optimally and that’s a major challenge as well.

Sarah Mossburg: What solutions are healthcare organizations using to address the staffing challenges that they face?

Katie Boston-Leary: We’re seeing a lot of creative solutions. For example, hospitals are partnering with academic institutions, which are facing their own challenges with retaining and recruiting faculty. American Association of Colleges of Nursing have data from 2010-2023 that show between 50,000 to 70,000 qualified applicants are turned away every year by nursing programs. 8 There’s a lot of opportunity to partner with hospitals and health systems to build the faculty base.

Some organizations also offer housing for aspiring nurses as they attend school and are partnering with institutions for their clinical and hands-on training.

Sarah Mossburg: You’ve given us some interesting long-term initiatives related to partnering with academic organizations. In the short term, how are healthcare organizations using agency or travel nurses to address the shortages that they’re facing?

Katie Boston-Leary: I’ll start by explaining the terminology.

Agency nurses typically work for local companies or “agencies” that contract with hospitals.

Travel nurses move from city-to-city, state-to-state, and community-to-community on assignments that may last from a few weeks to over a year. This has become popular with some nurses because the jobs offer mobility and you get to see the country or even the world. Travel nursing also offers good benefits and compensation.

Float nurses are institution- or system-based and move from department to department. Some organizations are setting up programs where nurses “float” to different hospitals within a system.

The cost of these agency and travel alternatives to full-time staff nurses is a major concern. It’s not just the hourly rate, but health systems must also pay a stipend, in some cases upfront, to employ a nurse on contract. There is typically an administrative cost to using agency and travel nurses; the nurses get a set amount, and the company that employs them gets a percentage as well.

These alternatives are not new. But during the pandemic, some organizations doubled and tripled their use of agency, float, and travel nurses, and that added to the cost of delivering care. Ideally, contract nurses should supplement a hospital’s core staff and only be used for a few hard-to-fill positions.

Sarah Mossburg: Can you describe the potential impact that nursing staffing has on patient safety, as we think about having agency, travel, and float nurses in addition to your core staff?

Katie Boston-Leary: The evidence is very clear that there’s a direct correlation between staffing and patient safety. Two systematic reviews have found strong evidence associating better staffing with lower mortality. 9 , 10 Dr. Linda Aiken from the University of Pennsylvania has done numerous studies on how staffing impacts quality of care. We know that staffing has an impact on patient experience.

Contract nurses face special challenges related to being unfamiliar with the facility and other things, like the electronic health record, medication storage, supplies, or the code cart. Your badge might not let you in to a different unit or even the break room, or you may not have the code to open the bathroom door. All those things make it so much harder for nurses who take on temporary work as agency or travel nurses.

Dedication to providing high-quality patient care is the driver of good nursing practice. Nurses who are committed to saying, no matter what, “As much as these challenges and impediments are in place, I’m still going to deliver the best care possible because that’s what my patients deserve.” As challenging as it may sometimes be, you will still knock on doors, call for help, and hold people accountable to make sure that you deliver the best care for your patient.

Sarah Mossburg: What can healthcare organizations do at a unit or organizational level to foster a team environment, given that teamwork and communication are really important to help improve patient safety?

Katie Boston-Leary: The key thing for any leader is to see everyone who reports to deliver care as a member of their team. It’s key to create a culture where everyone is welcome. We all depend on each other. Instilling a culture that says, “We’re all a team, no matter who’s here,” is the way to move forward.

Sarah Mossburg: What do you see as future priorities for improving patient safety in the face of workforce challenges?

Katie Boston-Leary: I think the top priority is to understand that in some cases, we’ve tried to achieve patient safety and quality on the backs of nurses and people that deliver the care without paying attention to those people. We can’t just leapfrog over those who are delivering care and then say we care about patient care.

If we focus on the most important asset in organizations—the people who are delivering care—the other things will fall in place. I think that’s the number one priority. Let’s look at how nurses go about their day, understand all their pain points, be diligent in our efforts to address them, and include nurses in the process to address those pain points. If we fix the systems that impact the people that deliver care, many things may fall in place in terms of patient quality and safety. If we create an environment where nurses feel seen, safe, and supported, it will help us get the outcomes that we want for our patients.

Sarah Mossburg: Thank you for joining us today.

Katie Boston-Leary: Thank you.

1 https://www.nursingworld.org/~49940b/globalassets/practiceandpolicy/nurse-staffing/nurse-staffing-think-tank-recommendation.pdf

2 Delgado, S. A., & Boston-Leary, K. Nurse Staffing Task Force: Strategies to improve acute and critical care staffing. Nurse Lead. Epub 2024 Mar 29. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S154146122400048X

3 Auerback, D.I., Buerhaus, P.I., Donelan, K., & Staiger, D.O. (2022, April 13). A Worriesome Drop in the Number of Young Nurses. https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/worrisome-drop-number-young-nurses .

4 Dill J, Duffy M. Structural Racism And Black Women's Employment In The US Health Care Sector. Health Aff (Millwood). 2022;41(2):265-272. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01400

5 ANA Enterprise Leads National Efforts to Achieve Equitable Reimbursement of Nursing Care. [Press release]. https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2023/anaenterprise-lead…

6 Qualtrics. (2023, January 18). Patient Experience Impacted as More Healthcare Workers Consider Leaving their Jobs. [Press release]. https://www.qualtrics.com/news/patient-experience-impacted-as-more-heal…

7 Duffy M. Why Improving Low-Wage Health Care Jobs Is Critical for Health Equity. AMA J Ethics. 2022;24(9):E871-E875. Published 2022 Sep 1. doi:10.1001/amajethics.2022.871

8 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2023, May 2). New Data Show Enrollment Declines in Schools of Nursing, Raising Concerns about the Nation’s Nursing Workforce. https://www.aacnnursing.org/news-data/all-news/article/new-data-show-enrollment-declines-in-schools-of-nursing-raising-concerns-about-the-nations-nursing-workforce

9 Shekelle PG. Nurse-patient ratios as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(5 Pt 2):404-409. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00007

10 Kane RL, Shamliyan TA, Mueller C, Duval S, Wilt TJ. The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Care. 2007;45(12):1195-1204. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181468ca3

Patient Safety Amid Nursing Workforce Challenges

Introduction.

Nurses are essential to patient care, and having an appropriate nurse staffing level is critical to patient safety. Nurses are responsible for many tasks related to direct patient care in health care, and research suggests that nurse staffing is highly correlated with patient outcomes. Specifically, having fewer nurses caring for patients is associated with higher patient mortality. In a study controlling for institutional differences across three sites in an academic medical center , patient mortality was higher with low nurse staffing but not correlated to other factors like patient turnover. Additional studies have come to similar conclusions. 1

The high demand for qualified nurses has outpaced supply, causing nursing shortages, which were further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2 The nursing workforce has increased steadily since the 1970s. In 1982, there were about one million registered nurses (RNs) in the United States; by 2020, that number had grown to 3.2 million. 3 Although this shows nursing is a growing profession, it has not been able to keep up with the demand for nursing staff. Data from 2020 to the present show that younger nurses are leaving the profession at higher rates than previously observed, and there has been a decrease in interest among students in pursuing nursing as a career. 3 In 2022, there were more job openings for RNs than for any other profession in the United States. 4 The demand for nurses is increasing as the needs of an aging U.S. population also increase and staffing for other healthcare professionals, like physicians, remains low. 3 Moreover, about one-third of the total number of nurses in the nursing workforce is above the age of 50 and likely to retire in the next 15 years. 4

Nursing Workforce Challenges and Patient Safety

Inadequate nurse staffing can lead to missed nursing care and negative patient outcomes, such as patient mortality. Missed nursing care refers to necessary nursing care that is not completed, often because nurses do not have enough time to provide such care due to low nurse staffing levels. Many patient outcomes and safety outcomes appear to be connected to nursing levels, including length of hospital stay, patient dissatisfaction with care, and hospital readmissions. Although the correlation between patient outcomes, patient safety, and nurse staffing levels is complex, appropriate levels of nurse staffing tend to reduce avoidable patient harm. 5 Appropriate staffing is not a static number; rather, it takes into account the relative mix of nurses providing care and their workload, expertise, and available resources. 6

After controlling for patient and hospital characteristics, studies have shown that missed nursing care is correlated with an increased risk of death. 7 In addition, missed care is consistently shown to be more prevalent with low nurse staffing in the United States and in international contexts. 7 Research shows that the use of support workers, such as nursing assistants, did not reduce and in some cases worsened missed nursing care, possibly due to nurses having to supervise or double-check the work of support staff. 7 This research suggests that achieving appropriate levels of nurse staffing is critical for patient safety.

Addressing Workforce Challenges

Nurses are essential to patient care and patient safety, as they are the healthcare professionals with the most patient contact and coordinate care among other healthcare professionals. In recognition of this essential role, some states have instituted minimum statutory levels of nurse staffing. Appropriate levels of nurse staffing vary by setting and even on a shift-by-shift basis depending on the availability of other staff and the mix of nursing skills.

To compensate for nurse shortages and to achieve appropriate nurse staffing, some healthcare systems have turned to temporary nurse staffing. Such staffing includes (1) non-unit-based nursing staff, (2) float nurses who are redeployed from one department in a hospital or health system to another unit on a temporary basis, (3) agency nurses who are hired from temporary staffing agencies that are usually local to the hospital, and (4) travel nurses who are hired from agencies and move from city to city on temporary nursing assignments. Healthcare systems have, at times, attempted to compensate for nurse shortages by using these forms of temporary nurse staffing.

Using agency nurses and nurses that float between departments is not new; such nurses typically represent a small percentage of the nursing workforce. Since the 1980s, agency nurses who are hired through local contracts have accounted for about 3.8% of the nursing workforce. In addition, travel nurses represent, on average, about 3–4% of hospitals’ overall nurse staffing. 8 In August 2021, agency nurses accounted for 8–10% of hospital staffing. 8 However, this high utilization of agency nurses may be decreasing, perhaps by as much as one-third. 9 Although agency nurses are typically paid 3 to 4 times the salary of permanent nurses, they report the highest rates of job dissatisfaction, burnout, and poor work-life balance compared to other types of nurses. 8,10 Given the continued staffing challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the critical role that nurses play in patient care, the patient safety implications of the use of agency nurses warrant further consideration.

Based on evidence from a variety of studies spanning 20 years, the effect of agency and travel nurse utilization on patient safety outcomes has been mixed, with agency and travel nurses sometimes correlated with better, worse, or no difference in patient outcomes. 8 One review suggests that no single clinical area is most vulnerable to differences in patient safety outcomes when agency and travel nurses are used. Rather, by analyzing data in published studies through Donabedian’s model for quality of care, which differentiates structural variables from technical processes, researchers observed that agency and travel nurses tended to improve patient outcomes when staffing levels were better. They also found that, while agency and travel nurses are similarly educated compared to permanent nurses, they often have less experience. 8

These findings support observations on the effect of teamwork on patient safety—namely, that more effective teamwork and communication mitigate patient safety risks. Although differences have been reported on patient variables like hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, falls, and medication errors on the basis of nurse experience, as well as on agency and travel nurse utilization, no consistent, statistically significant findings show a relationship between these variables. 8 Work environment, which is another process variable from Donabedian’s model, offers another clue on the patient safety effects of agency and travel nurses. A strong work environment characterized by adequate nurse support and good nurse-physician rapport shows patient safety benefits, regardless of whether agency or permanent nurses are used. 8 However, care settings with high agency nurse use tend to have lower ratings for work environment. 8 Electronic health records are another work environment factor that may mitigate patient safety risks. It is possible that standardizing parts of the electronic health record across systems could reduce access issues that may reduce patient safety.

Evidence suggests that the use of agency nurses in and of itself is not sufficient to cause higher rates of unsafe patient care. A range of variables, including the relative experience level of nursing staff, pre-existing staffing levels, and work environments, may work in concert to make the use of agency nurses more or less safe. It is possible to create an environment with the teamwork and infrastructure necessary to achieve patient safety even when utilizing a variety of nursing staff, as noted in a report from the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) and American Nurses Association (ANA). 6 Including nurses and nurse leaders in staffing decisions and governance, modernizing care delivery models so that they are efficient and not burdensome to nurses, and improving regulatory oversight to include appropriate nurse staffing are all actionable interventions that can improve patient safety, even during nurse staffing shortages. 6

The Future of Nurse Staffing

Although the use of agency and travel nurses increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, that level is likely unsustainable, given the high labor costs associated with using agency nurses. However, if the use of agency nurses does not decline, research indicates that agency nurses can be deployed safely in hospital units. Despite their initial unfamiliarity in new hospital settings, agency nurses often ensure that high-quality care is provided by preparing for assignments and taking care to effectively introduce themselves as well as prioritizing patient care, according to qualitative research. 11 Agency nurses contribute to patient safety and high-quality care as members of a strong healthcare team. High-quality care from nurses is essential for achieving patient safety based on findings from multiple studies that have found higher patient mortality with low nurse staffing.

As the amount and intensity of care increases for an aging U.S. population, the care provided by nurses will likely remain essential to patient safety and quality of care. With nursing shortages projected to last until at least 2030, high turnover and high rates of burnout are likely to continue, along with high demand for nurses. But these issues can be mitigated. Recently, professional organizations such as the ANA have noted and advocated for certain essential needs to generate a sustainable nursing workforce. 6 These imperatives include supporting the nursing workforce through initiatives that are built for their needs, such as providing safe workplaces, the chance for advancement, and a voice in hospital governance. Such efforts could reduce the pressures that lead to high nurse turnover.

Katie Boston-Leary, PhD, MBA, MHA, RN, NEA-BC Director of Nursing Programs American Nurses Association Silver Spring, MD

Merton Lee, PharmD, PhD Researcher American Institutes for Research (AIR) Columbia, MD

Sarah E. Mossburg, RN, PhD Senior Researcher American Institutes for Research (AIR) Columbia, MD

Aiken LH, Cerón C, Simonetti M, et al. Hospital nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes . 2018;29(3):322-327. doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.04.011
Yang TY, Mason DJ. COVID-19’s impact on nursing shortages, the rise of travel nurses, and price gouging. Health Affairs Forefront blog. January 28, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024. doi:10.1377/forefront.20220125.695159
Auerbach DI, Buerhaus PI, Donelan K, Staiger DO. A worrisome drop in the number of young nurses. Health Affairs Forefront blog. April 13, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024. doi:10.1377/forefront.20220412.311784
Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. Nursing shortage. In: StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175
Blume KS, Dietermann K, Kirchner-Heklau U, et al. Staffing levels and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes: umbrella review and qualitative study. Health Serv Res . 2021;56(5):885-907. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13647
Nurse Staffing Task Force. Nurse Staffing Task Force Imperatives, Recommendations, and Actions. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses and American Nurses Association; 2023. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.nursingworld.org/~49df86/contentassets/568122c62ddc44bea03b…
Griffiths P, Recio‐Saucedo A, Dall’Ora C, et al. The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs . 2018;74(7):1474-1487. doi:10.1111/jan.13564
Vander Weerdt C, Peck JA, Porter T. Travel nurses and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Health Care Manage Rev . 2023;48(4):352-362. doi:10.1097/HMR.0000000000000383
Travel nursing: a bad deal for health systems and nurses. Hueman blog. June 29, 2022. Accessed February 9, 2024. https://www.huemanrpo.com/resources/blog/travel-nursing-a-bad-deal-for-…
Gaines K. New report reveals hard truths about travel nursing. Nurse.org. February 23, 2022. Accessed February 9, 2024. https://nurse.org/articles/travel-nurse-report
Djukanovic I, Fagerström C, Schildmeijer K, Tuvesson H. Taking command of continuity—an interview study with agencynurses. Nurs Open . 2023;10(4):2477-2484. doi:10.1002/nop2.1504

This project was funded under contract number 75Q80119C00004 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The authors are solely responsible for this report’s contents, findings, and conclusions, which do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Readers should not interpret any statement in this report as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. None of the authors has any affiliation or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report. View AHRQ Disclaimers

Perspective

WebM&M Cases

Diagnostic errors in hospitalized adults who died or were transferred to intensive care. January 17, 2024

Systematically Identified Failure Is the Route to a Successful Health System. March 9, 2016

The Commonwealth Fund Quality Improvement Colloquium: Patient Safety Five Years After To Err Is Human. March 27, 2005

2010 John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Awards. May 4, 2011

Patient Safety Innovations

Suicide Prevention in an Emergency Department Population: ED-SAFE

Annual Perspective

A qualitative study of systems-level factors that affect rural obstetric nurses' work during clinical emergencies. February 21, 2024

Clinical deterioration as a nurse sensitive indicator in the out-of-hospital context: a scoping review. January 24, 2024

Addressing nursing shortages and patient safety using Maslow's hierarchy of needs. January 10, 2024

Voices from frontline nurses on care quality and patient safety during COVID-19: an application of the Donabedian Model. November 1, 2023

Perspectives on Safety

Clinicians' insights on emergency department boarding: an explanatory mixed methods study evaluating patient care and clinician well-being. August 23, 2023

Healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care units: a multisource study examining nurses' safety attitudes, quality of care, missed care, and nurse staffing. August 16, 2023

Preventing Falls Through Patient and Family Engagement to Create Customized Prevention Plans

The i-readi quality and safety framework: strong communications channels and effective practices to rapidly update and implement clinical protocols during a time of crisis.

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Undergraduate study
2024 Degree programmes A‑Z

Undergraduate

As the largest group within the healthcare workforce, nurses have a pivotal role in providing, leading and coordinating care. Nurses work within the multidisciplinary team, across a range of health and social care environments, supporting service-users to make informed decisions about their holistic healthcare requirements.

The programme is science based, with anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and microbiology taught by subject specialists in first and second years.

We offer a supportive environment for learning within a small class size, with an intake each year of around 50 to 60 students.

The Bachelor of Nursing (Honours) programme is consistently ranked at the top of the University league tables: for 2023 Nursing at UofG is ranked 1st in the UK in the Complete University Guide, 1st in the UK in The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide and 2nd in the UK for Nursing in the Guardian University Guide.

September start
Session dates
Nursing BN (Hons): B700 4 year degree
Glasgow: Gilmorehill campus
Professionally accredited
Find out more about how to apply

Programme structure

The BN (Hons) programme is a four-year professional degree. Learning is equally divided between University and practice learning environments.

You will develop your knowledge and understanding of the professional and wider social context of nursing and health. In addition, you will study a range of sciences, including social sciences, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. You will also develop fundamental care skills and undertake clinical placements in hospital and community settings.

In year 2, you will study adult nursing and deepen your knowledge and understanding of biomedical sciences and ethics. Biomedical science subjects include anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology and pharmacology. Your core nursing courses will include the study of nursing theory, social policy and research methods.

The focus of your study in second year is to link health with ill health, providing you with an understanding of the biological basis of disease processes. You will undertake further clinical placements and further develop your communication and relationship skills and nursing procedures.

Year 3

In year 3, you will advance your study of adult nursing, research for evidence-informed nursing practice, pharmacotherapy and human disease and pathology.

The focus of third year is on developing a holistic and integrated approach to the assessment, planning, delivery and evaluation of evidence-informed nursing care and therapeutic interventions for people with a range of health conditions. You will advance your study of clinical skills providing you with an opportunity to develop your knowledge and skills for holistic person-centred assessment.

Looking forward to your career as a registered nurse, you will learn the skills required to supervise nursing students and to consolidate your learning in relation to communication and relationship skills, preparing you for an array of opportunities on your clinical placements.

In year 4, the Senior Honours year, you will advance your study of health and social care policy, leadership, professionalism in nursing and global health challenges. The focus of year 4 is to advance your understanding of the wider societal, environmental, economic and political factors that impact on the health of people and populations and the ways in which you can influence healthcare.

You will have the opportunity to investigate an area of interest related to nursing and healthcare through a written dissertation. The final clinical placement is also incorporated into this year.

Practice placements

During this programme, you will be required to attend placements anywhere within the Greater Glasgow area.

University of Glasgow Scottish Practice Assessment Document (PAD)

All Scottish Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have worked collaboratively to produce a single Practice Assessment Document (PAD) for Scotland, which must be completed by all nursing students undertaking a pre-registration nursing programme.

The purpose of the PAD is to provide a record of the student’s practice learning progress and achievement of learning outcomes throughout each practice learning experience (PLE). This allows current and future Practice Supervisors, Practice Assessors and Academic Assessors to see an overview of student progress from the first PLE through to the last.

Practice Assessment Document (PAD)

Programme flow

The programme flow is very carefully planned to ensure that students meet the regulatory requirements. Students must adhere to this programme flow and holidays must only be arranged for the scheduled vacation weeks.

BN Clinical Planner 2021

Practice Learning Experience handbook

The Practice Learning Handbook provides provide guidance and information for students and practice learning staff involved in supporting University of Glasgow Bachelor of Nursing (Honours) (BN Hons) students. It contains an outline of the BN Hons programme, details of role expectations of students and staff who support students on practice learning experience (PLE), university guidelines for the assessment of students and staff contact details. This handbook should be used in conjunction with the student’s Scottish Practice Assessment Document (PAD).

BN Practice Learning Handbook

Grading of practice

Students will be supervised and assessed in practice in accordance with the NMC (2018) Standards for student supervision and assessment (SSSA). During each placement, students will work closely with a Practice Supervisor who will provide guidance and direction. The Practice Supervisor will work closely with a nominated Practice Assessor. Together, the Practice Supervisor and Practice Assessor will discuss the student’s performance in relation to each of the platform proficiencies. The outcome of this assessment will be documented in the student’s Scottish Practice Assesment Document (PAD) before being reviewed and confirmed by the student’s Academic Assessor.

Within the BN (Hons) programme, practice learning is credited and graded in the same way as any academic work the student undertakes. The assessment of practice learning is both formative and summative, with the formal stages of assessment being the interim(s) and then final discussion and assessment. The student should first be assessed for achievement of the proficiencies and communication and relationship skills/nursing procedures, for the relevant part of the programme. The student’s overall performance should then be rated using the grading scale in the PAD (based on Schedule B of the University of Glasgow’s Code of Assessment).

BN Schedule B

The student’s performance is given a grade from A to F. A grade ‘D’ (satisfactory) meets the minimum threshold requirement to pass a practice learning placement. However, when grading a student, it is essential to consider the Part of study, the level descriptor and the learning outcomes listed in the PAD (Part 1 p. 38 Part 2 p. 58 and Part 3 p. 99). In other words, students are assessed in context of their stage of education and what can be reasonably expected of them at that stage. Therefore, it is possible for a Part 1 student to achieve an A grade if these components are considered together.

Any student who attracts a fail grade (E, F) will be required to repeat the PLE, in keeping with the University of Glasgow’s Code of Assessment. Any questions or queries about grading practice should be directed to the student’s academic assessor (or Part Lead in their absence).

Raising a concern

Concerns about a student’s clinical performance, conduct or professionalism should be raised as soon as possible to allow discussion and learning development planning. This will normally take place in the PLE and may involve the student, the Practice Supervisor and/or Assessor, the Academic Assessor and Practice Education Facilitator/Care Home Education Facilitator (where applicable). An interim review sheet will be completed by the practice supervisor/assessor identifying the areas of concern clearly so that a learning development plan can be created which sets out how these areas of concern may be addressed. The Academic Assessor may also make an entry in the “additional notes” section of the student’s PAD. This allows ongoing assessment of the student’s learning development which can be recorded in the development support plan in the PAD. For more information, please refer to the Practice Learning Support Protocol in Section 3 of the student’s Scottish PAD.

Key contacts

Admissions Officer: Jane Joy

[email protected]
0141 330 3254

Programme Lead: Louise McCallum

[email protected]
0141 330 2071

If your query relates to Part 1 (Year) 1 of the programme, please contact the Part 1 Lead: Dr Rosemary Mullen

[email protected]
0141 330 7153

If your query relates to a Part 2 (Year) 2 student, please contact the Part 2 Lead: Mandy Allen

[email protected]

If your query relates to a Part 3 (Year) 3 student, please contact the Part 3 Lead: Liz Simpson

[email protected]
0141 330 2972

If your query relates to a Part 3/Year 4 student, please contact the Part 3 (Year 4) Lead: Dr Anne Rowat

[email protected]
0141 330 3605

Programme alteration or discontinuation The University of Glasgow endeavours to run all programmes as advertised. In exceptional circumstances, however, the University may withdraw or alter a programme. For more information, please see: Student contract .

Entry requirements

For entry in 2024, summary of entry requirements for nursing.

SQA Higher entry requirements (by end of S6)

Additional requirements: Two Highers from Chemistry, Biology/Human Biology, Physics, Mathematics. National 5 Mathematics, Chemistry, English at Grade B. Interview.

SQA Higher adjusted entry requirements* (by end of S5 or S6)

MD20 : BBBB (also other target groups*)
MD40 : AABB*
Additional requirements: Two Highers from Chemistry, Biology/Human Biology, Physics, Mathematics. National 5 Mathematics, Chemistry, English at Grade B. Interview. Successful completion of Top-Up or one of our Summer Schools.

* See Access Glasgow for eligibility .

A-level standard entry requirements

Additional requirements: two A-levels from Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics. GCSE English, Chemistry and Mathematics at Grade B or 5. Interview.

Irish Leaving Certificate

H2, H2, H2, H3, H3
Additional requirements: Two A-levels from Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics. GCSE English, Chemistry and Mathematics at Grade B or 5. Interview.

IB standard entry requirements

Additional requirements: Two HL subjects from Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics. SL English, Chemistry and Mathematics at 4. Interview. +++

Alternative routes

We welcome applicants who have/are currently studying at Colleges of Further Education or are existing graduates.

HNC/HND in Applied Science or similar science based programme
Additional requirements: Grade B in graded unit. Interview. Successful completion and grades in either Top-Up or Summer School/OPENS.
HNC Care and Administrative Practice
Additional requirements: HNC Care and Administrative Practice students will only be considered if candidates also have two Highers, at B grade or above, in science subjects (Maths, Chemistry, Physics, Biology/Human Biology). If Chemistry is not one of the two science Highers, candidates must have this at Nat 5 (grade B) or above. Grade B in graded unit. Interview. Successful completion and grades in either Top-Up or Summer School/OPENS.
University of Glasgow Access Course (Chemistry & Biology)
Additional requirements: Interview.
SWAP Access to Health and Biological Sciences
Additional requirements: Grade ABB (minimum). Interview. Successful completion and grades in either Top-Up or Summer School/OPENS.
SWAP Access to Medical Studies
Additional requirements: Grade ABB (minimum). Interview. Successful completion and grades in either Top-Up or Summer School/OPENS.
Additional requirements: The degree must include Chemistry or Biology. If not, these must be obtained at high school level (Highers or A Level) within the last 7 years, before applying for admission. A minimum of Grade B is required in both subjects. Interview. Successful completion and grades in either Top-Up or Summer School/OPENS.

Important information

Fitness to practise.

Fitness to practise guidance exists for those who wish to become nurses.

Please refer to the Higher Educational Occupational Physicians/Practitioners (HEOPS) website and access the HEOPS Fitness to Practise Standards for Nursing Students 2015 before applying.

The Bachelor of Nursing (Hons) programme requires students to act during their education in a quasi-professional role in relation to service users, therefore the University has a duty to ensure that students are fit to practise. Fitness to practise is assessed not only in terms of academic attainment, but also in accordance with relevant professional expectations. A copy of the Code of Professional Conduct and Fitness to Practise procedures will be available to Bachelor of Nursing (Hons) students on commencement of the programme, thereafter, annually.

During this programme you will be required to attend placements anywhere within Greater Glasgow & Clyde.

Disclosure Scotland: Protection of Vulnerable Groups Scheme

Successful applicants are required to join the Protecting Vulnerable Groups (PVG) scheme provided by Disclosure Scotland on commencement of the Bachelor of Nursing (Hons) programme.

Health check

Offer holders must undergo health screening checks as a condition of entry. On commencement of the Bachelor of Nursing (Hons) programme, you must complete a full course of immunisation against the Hepatitis B virus. The University’s Occupational Health Unit provide Hepatitis B vaccinations. You are required to meet any NHS Scotland vaccination requirements.

Digital & technological literacy

Applicants are required to demonstrate capability in digital and technological literacy necessary to meet programme outcomes.

Admissions guidance

Find out more about entry requirements and alternative qualifications

English language

For applicants whose first language is not English, the University sets a minimum English Language proficiency level.

English language requirements

International english language testing system (ielts) academic module (not general training).

7.0 with no sub-test under 7.0
This must be a recent test: the required score must have been achieved within the last two years at the point we consider your complete application (NMC, 2020)

Pre-sessional courses

The University of Glasgow accepts evidence of the required language level from the English for Academic Study Unit Pre-sessional courses. We also consider other BALEAP accredited pre-sessional courses:

School of Modern Languages & Cultures: English for Academic Study
BALEAP guide to accredited courses

What do I do if...

my language qualifications are below the requirements?

The University's School of Modern Languages and Cultures offers a range of Pre-sessional courses to bring you up to entry level. The course is accredited by BALEAP, the UK professional association for academic English teaching.

my language qualifications are not listed here?

Please contact External Relations

If you require a Tier 4 student visa, your qualification must be one of the secure English language tests accepted by UK Border Agency:

UK Border Agency Tier 4 English Language requirements
UKBA list of approved English language tests [pdf]

Visa requirements and proof of English language level

It is a visa requirement to provide information on your level of English based on an internationally recognised and secure English language test. All test reports must be no more than 2 years old . A list of these can be found on the UK Border Agency website . If you have never taken one of these tests before, you can get an initial idea of your level by using the Common European Framework self-assessment grid which gives you a level for each skill (e.g. listening B1/writing B2 etc.) However, please note that this is not a secure English language test and it is not sufficient evidence of your level of English for visa requirements.

Further information about English language: School of Modern Languages & Cultures: English for Academic Study

Overall IELTS score 7.0
At least 6.5 in the writing domain and at least 7 in the reading, listening, and speaking domains.

Career prospects

The Bachelor of Nursing (Honours) programme, with its strong scientific basis, prepares our graduates for all areas of care. On qualifying, our graduates have been employed throughout the UK and the rest of the world.

Accreditation

The Nursing & Midwifery Council (NMC) recognises this programme for the purpose of registration as an Adult Nurse.

Degrees and UCAS codes

When applying you will need to know the UCAS code for the subject or subject-combination that you wish to apply to:

Fees and funding

Tuition fees

How and when you pay tuition fees depends on where you’re from: see Tuition fees for details.

Scholarships

The University is committed to supporting students and rewarding academic excellence. That's why we've invested more than £1m in additional scholarship funding in recent years.

Ann Hart Buchanan Student Scholarship

The University of Glasgow has been the recipient of a bequest from the estate of Mrs Ann Hart Buchanan for the purpose of nurse education and training. It is proposed that a scholarship should be endowed to benefit a nursing student(s) on the BN (Hons) programme or student/nurse accepted for a postgraduate course of study in the Nursing & Health Care School at the University of Glasgow. This scholarship will be awarded annually for the purposes of:

Travel in connection with study or research that will enhance the student’s learning and learning experience (undergraduate or postgraduate)
Supporting tuition fees for a graduate with BN (Hons) [1st or 2:1] to undertake a postgraduate course of study in the Nursing & Health Care School at the University of Glasgow within 2 years of graduation
Support undergraduate student(s) with a minimum of one-third of the funds in any three-year period ie allocating £600 to an undergraduate student(s) within each 3 year period.
Undergraduate Excellence Scholarship

The University of Glasgow has a number of Undergraduate Excellence Scholarships available to new International and EU students for 2024 entry. The scholarship is awarded as a tuition fee discount of £7,000 per year of study and is subject to satisfactory progress for consecutive years of study.

EU Welcome Award

The University of Glasgow continues to be committed to ensuring a strong relationship with our existing and future EU students, and supporting EU talent to make their home at the University of Glasgow.

We appreciate the challenging financial implications that have arisen for our European applicants, and are therefore delighted to offer the EU Welcome Award to new incoming EU students starting an undergraduate programme for Academic Session 2024-25. The scholarship is awarded as a tuition fee discount of £5,000 for every year of study and is subject to satisfactory progress for consecutive years of study. This discount cannot be combined with another University scholarship.

Applicants that completed a Study Abroad year, Exchange programme or International Summer School at the University of Glasgow and therefore eligible for the Alumni discount could be granted the EU Welcome Award as well.

James McCune Smith Undergraduate Scholarship

The University of Glasgow has up to 30 undergraduate scholarships available for students of African/African-Caribbean backgrounds. The scholarship supports students who could face financial difficulties taking up their place to study at the university. The value of the scholarship is £2,000, paid in instalments for year one of undergraduate study. The scholarship is open to new applicants to the university for 2024 entry. Current students who have previously been in receipt of the award may reapply, however, preference will be given to applicants entering their first year of study.

Beaconhouse Schools

The University of Glasgow offer a 15% discount on the first year of tuition fee to students from Beaconhouse Schools and who enrol on an undergraduate programme at the University of Glasgow. The discount does not apply to Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Dentistry programmes.

Undergraduate Talent Scholarships

The University of Glasgow is awarding c.50 undergraduate Talent Scholarships to support students who could face financial difficulties in taking up their place to study at the University for 2024 entry. The value of each scholarship is typically £1,500 p.a. for each year of the degree programme, subject to satisfactory progress. Talent Scholarships are available to students entering any of the University's Colleges.

Dental School students are eligible for a Talent Scholarship in their first year of study only. They are eligible for the NHS Dental Student Support Grant in the following years.

Cowrie Foundation Scholarship

The University of Glasgow and The Cowrie Scholarship Foundation (CSF) will offer a scholarship to support Black African and Caribbean heritage applicants from socio-economically challenged backgrounds. Applicants must be ordinarily resident in the UK and commencing an undergraduate study in the academic year 2024-25

The Cowrie Scholarship Foundation wants to fund 100 Black British students through UK universities in the next decade. More information on the Foundation can be found here .

Sanctuary Scholarships

The University of Glasgow is offering up to 20 Sanctuary Scholarships for applicants to the University, who have been forced to travel to the UK for humanitarian reasons and are facing challenges in progressing onto Higher Education. The scholarship is open to prospective undergraduate and postgraduate taught students at the University of Glasgow applying for entry in September 2024/25. Please note that you must have applied to the University before submitting an application for this scholarship. The scholarship will meet the cost of tuition fees for the duration of your programme, for applicants who are unable to access mainstream funding through Student Awards Agency Scotland (SAAS) or Student Finance . The Sanctuary Scholarship also provides a £5,000 per year stipend, to assist with study costs. In addition, if the eligibility criteria for university accommodation is met, this will also be provided for the duration of your degree, if required. For more information on the accommodation criteria, please see the Accommodation Services section on the website.

Undergraduate students with refugee status (or equivalent) and access to funding, are eligible to apply for the scholarship and would receive the £5,000 stipend towards study costs only, if successful.

Postgraduate Taught Masters students with refugee status (or equivalent) and access to funding, are eligible to apply for the scholarship and would receive the £5,000 stipend towards study costs and a partial tuition fee waiver, to cover any shortfall not met by your Postgraduate Masters tuition fee loan.

The Clan Gregor Society Prize

The Clan Gregor Society is offering an award to new entrants to the University of Glasgow who descend from Clan Gregor. Prospective students will be asked to submit an application highlighting areas of consideration such as academic excellence and financial need. The award is open to both Undergraduate and Postgraduate applicants for 2024 entry.

The scholarships above are specific to this programme. For more funding opportunities search the scholarships database

How to apply

Full-time students must apply through the Universities & Colleges Admissions Service ( UCAS ).

SQA applicants who are eligible for our Widening Participation programmes are encouraged to participate in one or more of these programmes, including Summer School, to support your application and the transition to higher education.

Widening Participation

International students to Arts, Engineering, Law, Nursing, Science, and Social Sciences can also apply using The Common Application: however, if applying to more than one UK university, we recommend using UCAS. Applications to Dentistry, Education, Medicine, and Veterinary Medicine must be made through UCAS.

Application deadlines

16 October : if including Dentistry, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine or also applying to Oxford or Cambridge
31 January : all other UK applicants (unless otherwise stated on the UCAS website)
30 June : international students.

We do not usually accept any applications after these deadlines.

It's your responsibility to ensure the accuracy of your application before submission. Requests to correct application content, change degree programme or change college of entry, will not be accepted after these deadlines. This policy is in place to ensure fairness and consistency to all applicants, and no exceptions will be made.