english essay about smoking

Essay on Smoking

500 words essay on smoking.

One of the most common problems we are facing in today’s world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress , personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them. It has many ill-effects on the human body which we will go through in the essay on smoking.

Ill-Effects of Smoking

Tobacco can have a disastrous impact on our health. Nonetheless, people consume it daily for a long period of time till it’s too late. Nearly one billion people in the whole world smoke. It is a shocking figure as that 1 billion puts millions of people at risk along with themselves.

Cigarettes have a major impact on the lungs. Around a third of all cancer cases happen due to smoking. For instance, it can affect breathing and causes shortness of breath and coughing. Further, it also increases the risk of respiratory tract infection which ultimately reduces the quality of life.

In addition to these serious health consequences, smoking impacts the well-being of a person as well. It alters the sense of smell and taste. Further, it also reduces the ability to perform physical exercises.

It also hampers your physical appearances like giving yellow teeth and aged skin. You also get a greater risk of depression or anxiety . Smoking also affects our relationship with our family, friends and colleagues.

Most importantly, it is also an expensive habit. In other words, it entails heavy financial costs. Even though some people don’t have money to get by, they waste it on cigarettes because of their addiction.

How to Quit Smoking?

There are many ways through which one can quit smoking. The first one is preparing for the day when you will quit. It is not easy to quit a habit abruptly, so set a date to give yourself time to prepare mentally.

Further, you can also use NRTs for your nicotine dependence. They can reduce your craving and withdrawal symptoms. NRTs like skin patches, chewing gums, lozenges, nasal spray and inhalers can help greatly.

Moreover, you can also consider non-nicotine medications. They require a prescription so it is essential to talk to your doctor to get access to it. Most importantly, seek behavioural support. To tackle your dependence on nicotine, it is essential to get counselling services, self-materials or more to get through this phase.

One can also try alternative therapies if they want to try them. There is no harm in trying as long as you are determined to quit smoking. For instance, filters, smoking deterrents, e-cigarettes, acupuncture, cold laser therapy, yoga and more can work for some people.

Always remember that you cannot quit smoking instantly as it will be bad for you as well. Try cutting down on it and then slowly and steadily give it up altogether.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

Thus, if anyone is a slave to cigarettes, it is essential for them to understand that it is never too late to stop smoking. With the help and a good action plan, anyone can quit it for good. Moreover, the benefits will be evident within a few days of quitting.

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Question 1: What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems with the immune system .

Question 2: Why should we avoid smoking?

Answer 2: We must avoid smoking as it can lengthen your life expectancy. Moreover, by not smoking, you decrease your risk of disease which includes lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, and more.

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Addictions — Smoking

Essays About Smoking

Smoking essay, types of essay about smoking.

Cause and Effect Essay: This type of essay focuses on the causes and effects of smoking. It discusses why people start smoking and the consequences of smoking on both the smoker and those around them.
Argumentative Essay: This essay type aims to persuade the reader about the negative effects of smoking. It presents an argument and provides supporting evidence to convince the reader that smoking is harmful and should be avoided.
Persuasive Essay: Similar to an argumentative essay, this type of essay aims to persuade the reader to quit smoking. It presents facts, statistics, and other relevant information to convince the reader to stop smoking.

Smoking Essay Example: Cause and Effect

Identify the causes of smoking: Start by examining why people start smoking in the first place. Is it peer pressure, addiction, stress, or curiosity? Understanding the reasons why people smoke is crucial in creating an effective cause and effect essay.
Discuss the effects of smoking: Highlight the impact smoking has on an individual's health and the environment. Discuss the risks associated with smoking, such as lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems, and explain how smoking affects non-smokers through secondhand smoke.
Use reliable sources: To make your essay more convincing, ensure that you use credible sources to back up your claims. Use scientific studies, government reports, and medical journals to support your arguments.
Provide statistical evidence: Incorporate statistical data to make your essay more impactful. Use figures to show the number of people who smoke, the effects of smoking on the environment, and the costs associated with smoking.
Offer solutions: Conclude your essay by suggesting solutions to the problem of smoking. Encourage smokers to quit by outlining the benefits of quitting smoking and offering resources for those who want to quit.

Smoking: Argumentative Essay

Choose a clear position: The writer should choose a side on the issue of smoking, either for or against it, and be clear in presenting their stance.
Gather evidence: Research and collect facts and statistics to support the writer's argument. They can find data from reliable sources like scientific journals, government reports, and reputable news organizations.
Address counterarguments: A good argumentative essay will acknowledge opposing viewpoints and then provide a counterargument to refute them.
Use persuasive language: The writer should use persuasive language to convince the reader of their position. This includes using rhetorical devices, such as ethos, pathos, and logos, to appeal to the reader's emotions and logic.
Provide a clear conclusion: The writer should summarize the key points of their argument and reiterate their stance in the conclusion.

Persuasive Essay on Smoking

Identify your audience and their beliefs about smoking.
Present compelling evidence to support your argument, such as statistics, research studies, and personal anecdotes.
Use emotional appeals, such as stories or images that show the negative impact of smoking.
Address potential counterarguments and refute them effectively.
Use strong and clear language to persuade the reader to take action.
When choosing a topic for a smoking persuasive essay, consider a specific aspect of smoking that you would like to persuade the audience to act upon.

Hook Examples for Smoking Essays

Anecdotal hook.

Imagine a teenager taking their first puff of a cigarette, unaware of the lifelong addiction they're about to face. This scenario illustrates the pervasive issue of smoking among young people.

Question Hook

Is the pleasure derived from smoking worth the serious health risks it poses? Dive into the contentious debate over tobacco use and its consequences.

Quotation Hook

"Smoking is a habit that drains your money and kills you slowly, one puff after another." — Unknown. Explore the financial and health impacts of smoking in today's society.

Statistical or Factual Hook

Did you know that smoking is responsible for nearly 8 million deaths worldwide each year? Examine the alarming statistics and data associated with tobacco-related illnesses.

Definition Hook

What exactly is smoking, and what are the various forms it takes? Delve into the definitions of smoking, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and emerging alternatives like e-cigarettes.

Rhetorical Question Hook

Can we truly call ourselves a smoke-free generation when new nicotine delivery devices are enticing young people? Investigate the impact of vaping and e-cigarettes on the youth.

Historical Hook

Trace the history of smoking, from its ancient roots to its prevalence in different cultures and societies. Explore how perceptions of smoking have evolved over time.

Contrast Hook

Contrast the images of the suave, cigarette-smoking characters from classic films with the grim reality of tobacco-related diseases and addiction in the modern world.

Narrative Hook

Walk in the shoes of a lifelong smoker as they recount their journey from that first cigarette to a battle with addiction and the quest to quit. Their story reflects the struggles of many.

Shocking Statement Hook

Prepare to uncover the disturbing truth about smoking—how it not only harms the smoker but also affects non-smokers through secondhand smoke exposure. It's an issue that goes beyond personal choice.

Smoking Informative Speech

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How To Write A Smoking Essay That Will Blow Your Classmates out of the Water

Writing a Smoking Essay. Complete Actionable Guide

A smoking essay might not be your first choice, but it is a common enough topic, whether it is assigned by a professor or left to your choice. Today we’ll take you through the paces of creating a compelling piece, share fresh ideas for writing teen smoking essays, and tackle the specifics of the essential parts of any paper, including an introduction and a conclusion.

Why Choose a Smoking Essay?

If you are free to select any topic, why would you open this can of worms? There are several compelling arguments in favor, such as:

A smoking essay can fit any type of writing assignment. You can craft an argumentative essay about smoking, a persuasive piece, or even a narration about someone’s struggle with quitting. It’s a rare case of a one-size-fits-all topic.
There is an endless number of environmental essay topics ideas . From the reasons and history of smoking to health and economic impact, as well as psychological and physiological factors that make quitting so challenging.
A staggering number of reliable sources are available online. You won’t have to dig deep to find medical or economic research, there are thousands of papers published in peer-reviewed journals, ready and waiting for you to use them.

Essential Considerations for Your Essay on Smoking

Whether you are writing a teenage smoking essay or a study of health-related issues, you need to stay objective and avoid including any judgment into your assignment. Even if you are firmly against smoking, do not let emotions direct your writing. You should also keep your language tolerant and free of offensive remarks or generalizations.

The rule of thumb is to keep your piece academic. It is an essay about smoking cigarettes you have to submit to your professor, not a blog post to share with friends.

How to Generate Endless Smoking Essay Topic Ideas

At first, it might seem that every theme has been covered by countless generations of your predecessors. However, there are ways to add a new spin to the dullest of topics. We’ll share a unique approach to generating new ideas and take the teenage smoking essay as an example. To make it fresh and exciting, you can:

Add a historic twist to your topic. For instance, research the teenage smoking statistics through the years and theorize the factors that influence the numbers.
Compare the data across the globe. You can select the best scale for your paper, comparing smoking rates in the neighboring cities, states, or countries.
Look at the question from an unexpected perspective. For instance, research how the adoption of social media influenced smoking or whether music preferences can be related to this habit.

The latter approach on our list will generate endless ideas for writing teen smoking essays. Select the one that fits your interests or is the easiest to research, depending on the time and effort you are willing to put into essay writing .

How To Write An Essay About Smoking Cigarettes

A smoking essay follows the same rules as an academic paper on any other topic. You start with an introduction, fill the body paragraphs with individual points, and wrap up using a conclusion. The filling of your “essay sandwich” will depend on the topic, but we can tell for sure what your opening and closing paragraphs should be like.

Smoking Essay Introduction

Whether you are working on an argumentative essay about smoking or a persuasive paper, your introduction is nothing but a vessel for a thesis statement. It is the core of your essay, and its absence is the first strike against you. Properly constructed thesis sums up your point of view on the economic research topics and lists the critical points you are about to highlight. If you allude to the opposing views in your thesis statement, the professor is sure to add extra points to your grade.

The first sentence is crucial for your essay, as it sets the tone and makes the first impression. Make it surprising, exciting, powerful with facts, statistics, or vivid images, and it will become a hook to lure the reader in deeper.

Round up the introduction with a transition to your first body passage and the point it will make. Otherwise, your essay might seem disjointed and patchy. Alternatively, you can use the first couple of sentences of the body paragraph as a transition.

Smoking Essay Conclusion

Any argumentative and persuasive essay on smoking must include a short conclusion. In the final passage, return to your thesis statement and repeat it in other words, highlighting the points you have made throughout the body paragraphs. You can also add final thoughts or even a personal opinion at the end to round up your assignment.

Think of the conclusion as a mirror reflection of your introduction. Start with a transition from the last body paragraph, follow it with a retelling of your thesis statement, and complete the passage with a powerful parting thought that will stay with the reader. After all, everyone remembers the first and last points most vividly, and your opening and closing sentences are likely to have a significant influence on the final grade.

Bonus Tips on How to Write a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

With the most challenging parts of the smoking essay out of the way, here are a couple of parting tips to ensure your paper gets the highest grade possible:

Do not rely on samples you find online to guide your writing. You can never tell what grade a random essay about smoking cigarettes received. Unless you use winning submissions from essay competitions, you might copy faulty techniques and data into your paper and get a reduced grade.
Do not forget to include references after the conclusion and cite the sources throughout the paper. Otherwise, you might get accused of academic dishonesty and ruin your academic record. Ask your professor about the appropriate citation style if you are not sure whether you should use APA, MLA, or Chicago.
Do not submit your smoking essay without editing and proofreading first. The best thing you can do is leave the piece alone for a day or two and come back to it with fresh eyes and mind to check for redundancies, illogical argumentation, and irrelevant examples. Professional editing software, such as Grammarly, will help with most typos and glaring errors. Still, it is up to you to go through the paper a couple of times before submission to ensure it is as close to perfection as it can get.
Do not be shy about getting help with writing smoking essays if you are out of time. Professional writers can take over any step of the writing process, from generating ideas to the final round of proofreading. Contact our agents or skip straight to the order form if you need our help to complete this assignment.

We hope our advice and ideas for writing teen smoking essays help you get out of the slump and produce a flawless piece of writing worthy of an A. For extra assistance with choosing the topic, outlining, writing, and editing, reach out to our support managers .

Persuasive Essay Guide

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that aims to convince its readers to take a certain stance or action. It often uses logical arguments and evidence to back up its argument in order to persuade readers.

It also utilizes rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make the argument more convincing. In other words, persuasive essays use facts and evidence as well as emotion to make their points.

A persuasive essay about smoking would use these techniques to convince its readers about any point about smoking. Check out an example below:

Simple persuasive essay about smoking

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Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally.

A lot has been written on topics related to the effects of smoking. Reading essays about it can help you get an idea of what makes a good persuasive essay.

Here are some sample persuasive essays about smoking that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Persuasive Essay About Smoking Introduction

Persuasive Essay About Stop Smoking

Short Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Stop Smoking Persuasive Speech

Check out some more persuasive essay examples on various other topics.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that uses facts and logical arguments to back up a point. It is similar to a persuasive essay but differs in that it utilizes more evidence than emotion.

If you’re looking to write an argumentative essay about smoking, here are some examples to get you started on the arguments of why you should not smoke.

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Check out the video below to find useful arguments against smoking:

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

You have read some examples of persuasive and argumentative essays about smoking. Now here are some tips that will help you craft a powerful essay on this topic.

Choose a Specific Angle

Select a particular perspective on the issue that you can use to form your argument. When talking about smoking, you can focus on any aspect such as the health risks, economic costs, or environmental impact.

Think about how you want to approach the topic. For instance, you could write about why smoking should be banned.

Check out the list of persuasive essay topics to help you while you are thinking of an angle to choose!

Research the Facts

Before writing your essay, make sure to research the facts about smoking. This will give you reliable information to use in your arguments and evidence for why people should avoid smoking.

You can find and use credible data and information from reputable sources such as government websites, health organizations, and scientific studies.

For instance, you should gather facts about health issues and negative effects of tobacco if arguing against smoking. Moreover, you should use and cite sources carefully.

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Make an Outline

The next step is to create an outline for your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure that all the points in your essay flow together logically.

Your outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will help ensure that your essay has a clear structure and argument.

Use Persuasive Language

When writing your essay, make sure to use persuasive language such as “it is necessary” or “people must be aware”. This will help you convey your message more effectively and emphasize the importance of your point.

Also, don’t forget to use rhetorical devices such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make your arguments more convincing. That is, you should incorporate emotion, personal experience, and logic into your arguments.

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Another important tip when writing a persuasive essay on smoking is to introduce opposing arguments. It will show that you are aware of the counterarguments and can provide evidence to refute them. This will help you strengthen your argument.

By doing this, your essay will come off as more balanced and objective, making it more convincing.

Finish Strong

Finally, make sure to finish your essay with a powerful conclusion. This will help you leave a lasting impression on your readers and reinforce the main points of your argument. You can end by summarizing the key points or giving some advice to the reader.

A powerful conclusion could either include food for thought or a call to action. So be sure to use persuasive language and make your conclusion strong.

To conclude,

By following these tips, you can write an effective and persuasive essay on smoking. Remember to research the facts, make an outline, and use persuasive language.

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Essay on Smoking 500+ Words

Smoking is a practice that has been around for centuries, but it’s also one of the most dangerous habits a person can have. In this essay, we will delve into the harmful effects of smoking and why it’s crucial to avoid it.

The Origins of Smoking

Smoking, in the form of tobacco, has a long history. It was initially used by Native American tribes in religious ceremonies and later introduced to Europe by explorers like Christopher Columbus. Over time, it became a widespread habit with severe consequences.

The Health Risks

One of the most significant reasons to avoid smoking is the harm it causes to your health. Smoking is a leading cause of preventable diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the World Health Organization, tobacco use kills more than 8 million people annually.

Addiction to Nicotine

Smoking is not just a habit; it’s an addiction. Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, keeps people hooked on smoking. Over time, the body craves nicotine, making it challenging to quit. Many smokers struggle to break free from this addiction.

Secondhand Smoke

Smoking doesn’t just harm the person who smokes; it also endangers those around them through secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, and exposure to it can cause health problems in nonsmokers, including respiratory issues and heart disease.

Smoking and Youth

Youth are particularly vulnerable to the dangers of smoking. Many people start smoking during their teenage years, and this early initiation increases the likelihood of addiction and health problems later in life. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 8 out of 10 adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18.

The Financial Costs

Smoking is not only detrimental to your health but also to your wallet. The cost of cigarettes adds up quickly, and it’s an expense that could be better spent on other things. Quitting smoking can lead to significant financial savings.

Smokeless Tobacco

While cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco use, smokeless tobacco products like chewing tobacco and snuff are also harmful. They can lead to oral and throat cancer, as well as other health issues. Quitting these products is just as important as quitting smoking.

The Importance of Quitting

Quitting smoking is one of the best decisions a person can make for their health. It’s never too late to quit, and the benefits start almost immediately. Within hours of quitting, the body begins to repair itself, and the risk of smoking-related diseases decreases over time.

Conclusion of Essay on Smoking

In conclusion, smoking is a dangerous and harmful habit that poses significant risks to health and well-being. It leads to addiction, causes serious diseases, harms those exposed to secondhand smoke, and places a financial burden on individuals. It’s a habit that should be avoided at all costs, and quitting is the best way to protect your health and the health of those around you.

The harmful effects of smoking are well-documented, and there is ample support available for those who want to quit. Breaking free from nicotine addiction is challenging but achievable, and it can lead to a healthier, happier, and smoke-free life. It’s never too late to make the decision to quit smoking and enjoy the benefits of a tobacco-free life.

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Persuasive Essay Writing

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Craft an Engaging Persuasive Essay About Smoking: Examples & Tips

Published on: Jan 25, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 29, 2024

Persuasive Essay-Defined

A persuasive essay is a form of academic writing that presents an argument in favor of a particular position, opinion, or viewpoint.

It is usually written to convince the audience to take a certain action or adopt a specific viewpoint.

The primary purpose of this type of essay is to provide evidence and arguments that support the writer's opinion.

In persuasive writing, the writer will often use facts, logic, and emotion to convince the reader that their stance is correct.

The writer can persuade the reader to consider or agree with their point of view by presenting a well-researched and logically structured argument.

The goal of a persuasive essay is not to sway the reader's opinion. It is to rather inform and educate them on a particular topic or issue.

Check this free downloadable example of a persuasive essay about smoking!

Simple Persuasive essay about smoking

Read our extensive guide on persuasive essays to learn more about crafting a masterpiece every time.

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Are you a student looking for some useful tips to write an effective persuasive essay about the dangers of smoking?

Look no further! Here are several great examples of persuasive essays that masterfully tackle the subject and persuade readers creatively.

Persuasive speech on the smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

For more examples about persuasive essays, check out our blog on persuasive essay examples .

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Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Our examples can help you find the points that work best for your style and argument.

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

10 Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Here are a few tips and tricks to make your persuasive essay about smoking stand out:

1. Do Your Research

Before you start writing, make sure to do thorough research on the topic of smoking and its effects.

Look for primary and secondary sources that provide valuable information about the issue.

2. Create an Outline

An outline is essential when organizing your thoughts and ideas into a cohesive structure. This can help you organize your arguments and counterarguments.

Read our blog about creating a persuasive essay outline to master your next essay.

Check out this amazing video here!

3. Clearly Define the Issue

Make sure your writing identifies the problem of smoking and why it should be stopped.

4. Highlight Consequences

Show readers the possible negative impacts of smoking, like cancer, respiratory issues, and addiction.

5. Identity Solutions

Provide viable solutions to the problem, such as cessation programs, cigarette alternatives, and lifestyle changes.

6. Be Research-Oriented

Research facts about smoking and provide sources for those facts that can be used to support your argument.

7. Aim For the Emotions

Use powerful language and vivid imagery to draw readers in and make them feel like you do about smoking.

8. Use Personal Stories

Share personal stories or anecdotes of people who have successfully quit smoking and those negatively impacted by it.

9. Include an Action Plan

Offer step-by-step instructions on how to quit smoking, and provide resources for assistance effectively.

10. Reference Experts

Incorporate quotes and opinions from medical professionals, researchers, or other experts in the field.

These tips can help you write an effective persuasive essay about smoking and its negative effects on the body, mind, and society.

When your next writing assignment has you feeling stuck, don't forget that essay examples about smoking are always available to break through writer's block.

And if you need help getting started, our expert essay writer at CollegeEssay.org is more than happy to assist.

Just give us your details, and our persuasive essay writer will start working on crafting a masterpiece.

We provide top-notch essay writing service online to help you get the grades you deserve and boost your career.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What would be a good thesis statement for smoking.

A good thesis statement for smoking could be: "Smoking has serious health risks that outweigh any perceived benefits, and its use should be strongly discouraged."

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Good topics for persuasive essays include the effects of smoking on health, the dangers of second-hand smoke, the economic implications of tobacco taxes, and ways to reduce teenage smoking.

These topics can be explored differently to provide a unique and engaging argument.

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Task 2 IELTS Sample Essay: Smoking

by faysal ahmad (dhaka bangladesh)

which makes para lashed our body smoke infornt of their family member

smoking is a dangerous bad habit.it contains nicotine.it causes different diseases and damages our brain and lungs.

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IELTS Essay, topic: Smoking in public places

12 Comments
IELTS Essays - Band 7

Some businesses prohibit smoking in any of their offices. Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree that this is the right course of action? Give reasons for your opinion.

Allow me to present the three positive sides of smoking. Firstly, smoking certainly helps many people to relax. For some, it even improves concentration. If someone is upset or they have , to smoke to reduce the pressure or tension. people like to smoke when they are relaxing with friends. Secondly, governments throughout the world make huge profits from taxes on cigarettes. The income obtained through taxes provides funds which are used for building and public places such as parks, gardens, sports ground and foot paths. Thirdly, tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people all over the world, particularly in poorer countries such as Zimbabwe or the Philippines. Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs.

Despite these positive are lots of negative effects to smoking too. Initially, smoking has been proven to be very dangerous for health. cigarette contains more than 4000 chemical substances, therefore, it dangerous diseases such as heart attacks, asthma, bronchitis or lung cancer. According to a recent report in Britain close to 3,500 people are killed each year in road accidents and 120,000 are killed by smoking. Furthermore, smoking costs governments millions of dollars because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking-related problems. Moreover, passive smoking is also a major concern today. Recent research shows that non-smokers can suffer from health problems if they spend long periods of time among people who do smoke. In the UK children whose parents are are three times as likely to start smoking themselves .

In short, I think the world would be a better place without cigarettes. However, the decision of whether smoke or not to smoke should be for each individual to make. I suggest that people should not smoke in a room or a place where there are non smokers, however they should be free to smoke elsewhere.

This is a very good essay, you have made your arguments well and set out the paragraphs as required. However, pay attention to your use of assertive statements e.g. ‘Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs’. Perhaps they would gain employment in another industry – we cannot be sure. Over all, well done!

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12 thoughts on “IELTS Essay, topic: Smoking in public places”

Pingback: IELTS Essay Samples of Band 7 | IELTS-Blog

Is comparison important in IELTS essay? My former tutor said you had to have comparison between two things related to the topic in each body paragraph; otherwise, the essay will go below band 6. please advise.Thank you

Hi ccavute, my guess is that your tutor meant a balanced discussion. If the task asks whether you agree or disagree with a certain statement, you should discuss both sides of it – the one you do agree with and the one you don’t agree with. If you leave one of them out of your essay it won’t look objective and the task won’t be completely covered, which may affect the score.

I am surprised the test taker can remember the approximate number of people killed by cigarettes and road accident, how if the number we mentioned just a guess or just a random number, could it make the writing looks unreliable? is it ok?

Hi Yenni, you don’t have to mention any numbers at all for your essay to appear genuine and trustworthy. You can just say ‘hundreds’ or ‘thousands’ or ‘a large number’ and it will still be fine. Concentrate on your ideas and arguments, and how you express them. Numbers aren’t the only thing you can use to support your arguments – examples are good as well.

Hi, Please correct me if I am wrong in the following points. 1 ESSAY should not be personalised. Research or survey data should not mentioned. 2. Directing the content on UK parents might be targetting a particular set of people. 3 Aren’t we supposed to pick one side in suchlike questions? i.e. either agree or disagree.

Hi Neetu, in this essay the mentions of data explain or support the writer’s claims, which makes them appropriate. UK data is no exception, it is used for the same purpose of substantiating the writer’s claim. You can agree or disagree, but it doesn’t mean you don’t have to consider the opposite side of the argument – in fact, when you write about both sides, your essay looks more balanced.

Hello. In do you agree or disagree essay. We should write both of sides or not?.please explain.thank you

The most important thing is to make your position clear, you should say whether you agree or disagree. If the essay question is “To what extent do you agree or disagree”, you can say that you partially or fully agree (or disagree). If you only partially agree, then make sure you discuss both sides. If you agree with just one side, you can write only about that, but if you are running out of ideas then you can discuss both sides. The added benefit of this is that it will make your essay more balanced. I hope this helps.

But if we write on both sides sometimes we might contradict our own points like if we are writing more on positive side and then if we write less on negative we may contradict some of our positive points? Correct me if m wrong

You don’t have to contradict yourself, there are arguments for and against, you support only one side, but you still are aware why people might support the other side and you are pointing it out in your essay. It’s absolutely fine.

Smoking is banned in offices and public areas because it is harmful to the public. I agree with this on the ground that it is a really wise decision made by the authorities, I think it is because of reasons like an unhealthy environment for people and it can influence children to perform it. To begin, smoking is dangerous due to health issues it causes like lung cancer and asthma yet it is way more harmful to people who are near the smoking person. To explain, scientists have researched smoking and what problems it can cause to individuals who breathe the exhaled smoke of smokers. Research shows the person near the smoker has a higher chance of getting cancer than the performer itself and that is the reason governments banned smoking in public areas to keep citizens safe from its deadly consequences. Another reason for prohibiting smoking is its bad influence on children. To justify, children are always curiously seeing the world, to learn something new daily, and this is the nature of every juvenile. Therefore, if children see someone smoking, which mostly will be possible if people do it in public areas, that can influence them to try it and maybe get addicted to it if they do it multiple times. Hence, it will be better to not let them see this deed for their safety. To conclude, smoking is harmful and there is no denial to it so I believe it should stay banned and should performed in isolated places so no one can inhale the bad substances that get released while doing it, so everyone can be safe and children can also not get encouraged to do it.

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Essay on Smoking 250 & 500 Words-Causes, Effects & Quitting

Essay on Smoking, causes effects, health how to quit smoking

This article is on Smoking essay. I have included two essays 500 words and 250 words in the article.

I have also included the causes, health benefits and side effects of smoking. There is also a paragraph on how to quit smoking. So let’s begin.

Table of Contents

What is Smoking?

Smoking refers to the inhalation and exhalation of smoke, typically from burning tobacco in cigarettes, cigars or pipes. This action introduces various harmful substances, including nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, into the body, leading to adverse health effects such as cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues.

Essay on Smoking 500 Words.

Smoking, a practice deeply entrenched in history, has transcended generations and cultures, becoming an enduring habit within societies worldwide. However, its enduring prevalence belies a harsh reality — smoking is a perilous habit that not only imperils individual health but also casts a long shadow on societal well-being.

Origin of Smoking

The origins of smoking trace back centuries, intertwined with cultural practices, social rituals, and even medicinal applications. Tobacco, introduced to the Western world in the 16th century, swiftly captivated societies and, over time, became a pervasive habit ingrained in various social contexts. However, the appealing and often glamorous depiction of smoking in media and popular culture overshadowed its underlying health risks, contributing to its widespread acceptance.

Health Hazards Linked to Smoking

The grim truth lies in the severe health hazards linked to smoking. Countless studies affirm the deleterious impact of smoking on physical health, with lung cancer standing as one of its most notorious consequences. Beyond cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a myriad of other respiratory illnesses afflict those who succumb to this addictive habit. Moreover, the insidious nature of secondhand smoke further endangers non-smokers, amplifying health risks and affecting the wider community.

Social and Economic Impacts

Not confined solely to individual health, smoking exerts a profound societal and economic toll. Socially, smokers often face stigma and discrimination, influencing personal relationships, employment opportunities, and societal perceptions. Moreover, the economic burden of smoking cannot be overlooked, with substantial healthcare costs and decreased productivity due to illness directly related to smoking.

Regulations and Anti-Smoking Campaign

Despite these grim realities, efforts to curb smoking have been ongoing. Government policies and regulations, such as increased taxes on tobacco products and stringent smoking bans, aim to deter smoking and protect public health. Additionally, anti-smoking campaigns and educational programs seek to raise awareness about the hazards of smoking and encourage cessation.

Smoking Cessation and Support Systems

Smoking cessation programs and support systems play a pivotal role in helping individuals break free from the clutches of this addictive habit. Counselling, nicotine replacement therapies, and support groups have shown promise in assisting individuals in their journey toward a smoke-free life. However, the challenges in achieving high cessation rates persist, underlining the complexity of combating this pervasive habit.

Opposing views often arise, advocating for personal freedoms and questioning the efficacy of stringent regulations. Nevertheless, the overwhelming body of evidence supports the dire need for comprehensive measures to reduce smoking rates, safeguard public health, and alleviate the associated societal burdens.

In conclusion, smoking stands as a pressing public health concern with far-reaching repercussions. Its detrimental impact on individual health, society, and the economy necessitates a unified effort to combat its prevalence. Through stringent policies, robust cessation programs, and continued awareness campaigns, a concerted approach is essential to mitigate the devastating effects of smoking. As a society, it’s crucial to recognize the urgency of this issue and work collectively to create a healthier, smoke-free future for generations to come.

This essay aims to shed light on the multifaceted repercussions of smoking, emphasizing the imperative for comprehensive measures to address this pressing public health concern.

Write a paragraph on how Smoking is dangerous- 250 Words Essay

Smoking, in all its forms, represents a multifaceted danger that permeates far beyond the individual act of lighting a cigarette. At its core, smoking is a perilous habit that encompasses a multitude of health risks, causing irreparable harm to the human body.

The most widely recognized consequence is its link to various forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer, which stands as one of the deadliest outcomes of prolonged tobacco use.

However, the perils of smoking extend well beyond cancer, affecting almost every organ in the body. Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory ailments and compromised immune systems are just a few examples of the numerous health risks associated with smoking.

Equally concerning is the impact of secondhand smoke, which imperils the health of those in the vicinity of a smoker. This involuntary exposure significantly heightens health risks, emphasizing the danger not only to the smoker but also to those in their proximity.

Moreover, the addictive nature of nicotine in tobacco further entrenches this perilous habit, making it arduous for individuals to break free from its grasp. The societal and economic repercussions also cannot be understated, as smoking places a heavy burden on healthcare systems, decreases workforce productivity and fosters a climate of social disparity.

Collectively, smoking emerges not merely as an individual habit but as a complex, interconnected issue that imperils the well-being of individuals and societies alike, emphasizing the critical need for comprehensive measures to address and mitigate its dire consequences.

what are the causes of smoking

There are many causes of smoking and can be attributed to a variety of factors, including:

Social and Cultural Influences: Social norms and cultural perceptions play a significant role in smoking initiation. In some societies, smoking is seen as a symbol of status, rebellion or a social activity, leading individuals, especially adolescents to take up smoking to conform or rebel against social norms.
Peer Pressure: The influence of friends, peers and social circles can heavily impact an individual’s decision to smoke. People, especially in their formative years, may start smoking to fit in with certain groups or to be accepted by their peers.
Family Influence: Family environment and exposure to smoking behaviours within the family can greatly influence one’s likelihood to smoke. Children growing up in households with smokers may view smoking as normal behaviour and may be more inclined to start smoking themselves.
Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, depression or other psychological factors can lead individuals to use smoking as a coping mechanism. The addictive nature of nicotine in cigarettes provides temporary relief from stress or emotional turmoil, leading to continued use.
Marketing and Advertising: Aggressive marketing and advertising by tobacco companies have historically played a significant role in enticing people to start smoking. Colourful packaging, appealing advertisements and endorsements by celebrities have been used to glamorize smoking.
Addictive Nature of Nicotine: Nicotine, a highly addictive substance in tobacco, makes it challenging for individuals to quit once they start smoking. The physical and psychological dependence on nicotine makes it harder for individuals to break the habit.
Accessibility and Availability: The easy access and availability of tobacco products, combined with relatively low legal age restrictions in some areas, contribute to the ease of starting and continuing smoking.

good side effects of smoking cigarettes

It’s crucial to note that smoking cigarettes poses a significant health risk and the negative effects of smoking far outweigh any potential positives. However, for the sake of providing a comprehensive view, some individuals might claim certain perceived “benefits” or effects of smoking, though these should not be interpreted as justifications for smoking due to the overwhelming negative health consequences. Here are a few perceptions that some individuals might assert as positive side effects of smoking, though they are not endorsed as valid benefits due to the associated health risks: see also- National Library of Medicine

Weight Control: Some individuals believe that smoking suppresses appetite and helps in weight management. Nicotine is known to act as an appetite suppressant, leading to potential weight loss or control. However, any weight management effects come with the substantial health risks of smoking, far outweighing any potential benefit.
Stress Relief: Certain smokers perceive that smoking provides stress relief or relaxation. They may feel a temporary sense of relaxation or relief due to the immediate impact of nicotine on the brain. However, the relief is short-term and is often overshadowed by the long-term negative health consequences of smoking.
Improved Concentration: Some individuals report that smoking helps in concentration or focus. This might be due to the stimulating effect of nicotine, which can temporarily enhance cognitive function. Nonetheless, the health risks associated with smoking significantly outweigh any potential cognitive benefits.

It’s essential to emphasize that any perceived “benefits” of smoking are greatly outweighed by the severe and well-documented health risks. The detrimental effects of smoking on health, including its contribution to various life-threatening diseases like cancer, heart disease, respiratory ailments, and numerous other health complications, far eclipse any temporary or perceived advantages. Encouraging a smoke-free lifestyle remains the most important message to promote overall health and well-being.

harmful effects of smoking

The harmful effects of smoking are extensive and well-documented, impacting nearly every organ and system in the body. Here are some of the primary detrimental health consequences associated with smoking:

Respiratory Issues: Smoking is a leading cause of various respiratory problems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It damages the airways and alveoli in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and decreased lung function.
Cancer: Smoking is the primary cause of various types of cancer, particularly lung cancer. It is also associated with cancers of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, bladder, pancreas, kidney and cervix, among others.
Cardiovascular Disease: Smoking significantly increases the risk of heart disease, leading to conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. It contributes to the narrowing of blood vessels and increases blood clotting, elevating the risk of cardiovascular issues.
Compromised Immune System: Smoking weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. It reduces the body’s ability to fight off diseases and impedes the healing process.
Reproductive Health Issues: Both male and female reproductive systems are adversely affected by smoking. In men, it can lead to reduced sperm count and erectile dysfunction. In women, smoking can affect fertility, increase the risk of miscarriage and lead to complications during pregnancy.
Damage to Skin and Appearance: Smoking accelerates skin ageing, causes wrinkles, and leads to a dull complexion. It also increases the risk of developing skin conditions like psoriasis.
Oral Health Problems: Smoking causes various oral health issues, including gum disease, tooth decay, tooth loss and an increased risk of oral cancers.
Secondhand Smoke Effects: Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke are also at risk. They can experience similar health issues, including respiratory problems, heart disease and an increased risk of certain cancers.
Economic and Social Implications: Smoking leads to significant economic burdens due to healthcare costs, loss of productivity, and absenteeism. It also contributes to social disparities and creates a burden on public health systems.

The harmful effects of smoking are both immediate and long-term, affecting not only the individual who smokes but also those exposed to secondhand smoke. It’s vital to understand and communicate the grave health risks associated with smoking to promote awareness and encourage smoking cessation for overall health and well-being.

Here are some statistics, you may like to read-

How to Quit Smoking

Quitting smoking is a challenging but incredibly rewarding endeavour. Here are some steps and strategies to help in the process of quitting:

Set a Quit Date: Choose a specific date to quit smoking. Having a clear goal in mind can help mentally prepare for the change.
Identify Triggers: Recognize the situations, feelings or habits that trigger the urge to smoke. These triggers could be stress, certain social settings or specific times of the day.
Create a Support System: Inform friends, family and colleagues about your decision to quit. Having a support network can provide encouragement, understanding and accountability.
Seek Professional Help: Consider consulting a healthcare professional. They can provide guidance, recommend cessation aids and create a tailored plan to quit smoking.
Explore Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): NRT, such as patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers or nasal sprays, can help manage withdrawal symptoms by providing controlled doses of nicotine without the harmful effects of smoking.
Consider Prescription Medications: Certain prescription medications, like bupropion or varenicline, may be recommended by healthcare providers to help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Behavioural Support and Counseling : Behavioral therapy or counselling sessions, whether one-on-one or in group settings, can provide coping strategies, address triggers, and offer emotional support during the quitting process.
Stay Active and Busy: Engage in physical activities or hobbies that keep your mind and body occupied. Exercise can help reduce stress and improve mood.
Change Habits and Routines: Identify and modify routines or habits associated with smoking. For example, if you usually smoke after meals, find an alternative activity to replace this habit.
Stay Persistent and Positive: Quitting smoking might not be easy and setbacks might occur. Stay positive and persistent. Even if there are relapses, use them as learning experiences to continue the journey toward being smoke-free.
Celebrate Milestones: Acknowledge and celebrate each small success along the way. Whether it’s a day, a week or a month without smoking, it’s a significant achievement worth recognizing.
Avoid Triggers and Temptations: Steer clear of situations or environments that may tempt you to smoke. This could mean avoiding places or people that encourage the habit.

Quitting smoking is a process that differs for each individual. Finding the right combination of strategies and support is crucial. Remember, the benefits of a smoke-free life – improved health, better quality of life, and saving money – are worthwhile and serve as strong motivators.

Thank you for reading the essay on smoking. I hope you have now clear knowledge about the causes of smoking, the good and the bad effects of smoking and how to quit smoking.

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Smoking, a prevalent habit, poses severe health risks. It’s a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, linked to cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues. Nicotine addiction compounds its challenges. Efforts to curb smoking include public awareness campaigns, cessation programs, and stricter regulations to promote healthier lifestyles and reduce its detrimental impact.

Smoking involves inhaling smoke, usually from burning tobacco, introducing harmful substances into the body. Nicotine, an addictive component in tobacco, reinforces the habit. Smoking is linked to severe health risks, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It poses dangers to both smokers and non-smokers, impacting public health, society, and the environment.

Smoking is harmful due to its association with severe health risks, including cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular problems. Nicotine addiction compounds the issue, making cessation challenging. Secondhand smoke poses dangers to non-smokers. Social stigma, economic burdens and environmental pollution further emphasize the detrimental impact of smoking on both individual health and society at large.

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Essay: Causes and Effects of Smoking Among Students

Smoking is one of the most dangerous widespread phenomena that threaten lives of a huge number of people worldwide. It starts as a way of having fun, but ends as an addiction that is therefore so difficult to give up. Today, we often hear of “smoking among students”. So why do students smoke and what are the effects that smoking has on them?

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Introduction: The World Health Organisation has declared that smoking is the biggest health problem, since over four million people die because of it every year and it causes much harm. The assumption that all over the world, including Turkey, about 45% of the population over 15 years old has a smoking habit on a very serious scale reveals how important the problem is for the young population. Material and Method: This study was carried out to determine the smoking status of the final grade students at Atatürk University in the 2003-2004 academic year. A questionnaire form developed by the researchers was used as the data gathering tool. Results: It was found that 42.0% of the participants had smoked (continuous and occasional smoking). The age of onset of smoking was mainly between 14 and 21 years. There was a statistically strong association between duration of smoking, starting time, and smoking amount (p<0.001), including the association between age of onset and smoking status of the students (p<0.05). Of the students, 22.1% stated that they did not know why they started smoking. Their main answers were; 56.5% of them stated they smoked to relieve their stress feelings, 24.6% stated they smoked for pleasure. Conclusion: Cigarette are widely used by university students. The reason why the students started smoking was mostly fellowship environment, and the reason for continuing to smoke was mostly to relieve stress. (Tur Toraks Der 2008;9:93-8) Key words: Smoking, university student, Erzurum, Turkey.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research

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International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Smoking is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is estimated to kill 5 million people each year worldwide. If current patterns of tobacco consumption continue, smoking will kill more than 8 million people each year globally by the year 2030, with 80% of these deaths in the developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among male university students in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 male students at University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir in Muzaffarabad from July to December 2015. The socio-demographic characteristics and cigarette smoking behavior of the students were measured by using a standardized pre-tested self-administrated validated questionnaire in English. The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking among students was found to be 49.4%. The mean age of starting cigarette smoking was 19.2 2.73 years. Age, marital status and education were found significantly associted with cigarette smoking behavior (p-value<0.05). The most common reason for cigarette smoking was stress alleviation (35.0%) followed by peer pressure (24.5%). As cigarette smoking is considerably higher among students. There is a need to develop effective tobacco control measures among university students in Muzaffarabad.

Mubarak Hussain

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Despite the detrimental impact of smoking to health, its prevalence remains high. Most students who smoke start to do so regularly around the age of 16-18. Although the proportion of smokers in Latvia is decreasing, the share of electronic cigarette users among young people is growing prematurely, which indicates a change of habits among young people. The aim of the study is to investigate the motives for starting smoking, the factors that contribute to smoking initiation and how high school students become “regular smokers” from “trying” tobacco products. In February 2019, two focus group discussions were organized to obtain information on young people's smoking experience. In each of them, high school students (aged over 18) and students took part. The participants of the focus group discussion were chosen by the “snowball” method. Social factors and the social and psychological characteristics of adolescents have a major impact on the transition from the first cigarette smoke...

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Health Effects of Cigarettes: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

At a glance.

Cigarette smoking is a common cause of COPD, leading to as many as 8 out of 10 COPD-related deaths.
Quitting smoking reduces the risk of COPD and also benefits people who have COPD.

Happy senior couple sitting in white wooden chairs, husband on oxygen.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. COPD includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases, asthma. 1

With COPD, less air flows through the airways that carry air in and out of your lungs. This happens because of one or more of the following: 2

The airways and tiny air sacs in the lungs lose their ability to stretch and shrink back.
The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.
The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed (irritated and swollen).
The airways make more mucus than usual. The mucus can clog airways and block air flow.

In the early stages of COPD, there may be no symptoms, or only mild symptoms. As COPD worsens, the symptoms may become more severe. The severity of COPD symptoms depends on the amount of damage to the lungs. Continued smoking leads to lung damage worsening faster than not smoking. 3

Smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and COPD

Cigarette smoking is a common cause of COPD. 2 Smoking causes as many as 8 out of 10 COPD-related deaths. 4 However, as many as 1 out of 4 Americans with COPD never smoked cigarettes. 3

Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure during childhood and teenage years can slow lung growth and development. This can increase the risk of developing COPD in adulthood. 5

The best way to prevent COPD is to never start smoking. If you smoke, quitting is the most important action you can take. 6 It is also important to avoid secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke is smoke from burning tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. 1 4 7

Quitting smoking can protect people from COPD

Quitting smoking is one of the most important actions people can take to improve their health. This is true for all people who smoke, regardless of their age, how long they have smoked, or how much they smoke. 6 Quitting smoking also reduces the risk of developing COPD. 6 For patients diagnosed with COPD, quitting smoking slows COPD's progression. It also reduces the loss of lung function over time. 6

Continue reading

CDC.gov/quit
What is COPD?
Smoking and COPD
COPD For Clinicians
Tobacco Use and Cessation Resources Healthcare Providers
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What Is COPD? Accessed April 17, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/copd/about/index.html
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. COPD. Accessed April 17, 2024. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd
Wheaton AG, Liu Y, Croft JB, et al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Smoking Status - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2019;68(24):533–538. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6824a1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2014. Printed with corrections, January 2014. Accessed April 17, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179276/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK179276.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: Report of the Surgeon General. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2012. Accessed April 17, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/2012/consumer_booklet/pdfs/consumer.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2020. Accessed April 17, 2024. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2020-cessation-sgr-full-report.pdf
National Toxicology Program. Report on Carcinogens, Tobacco-Related Exposures, Fourteenth Edition. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. Accessed April 17, 2024. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/tobaccorelatedexposures.pdf

Smoking and Tobacco Use

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Smoking Essay & Paragraph

Smoking and chewing tobacco products have been practiced in many parts of the world since ancient times. But everyone knows that it is harmful to health. In particular, 8 million people worldwide die prematurely every year due to smoking. Therefore, it is very important to create awareness among the people to refrain from chewing tobacco and smoking. Informative essays and paragraphs on smoking shared here can be useful for readers and help students and examinees in writing their compositions.

Table of Contents

Essay on Smoking & Tobacco, 500 Words

By: Haque , For class 9-10/SSC, 08-01-’22

Points of synopsis:

An ancient practice.
Smoking came in vogue in Europe in the 16th century after the discovery of America.
It is now not merely a fashion but a fact of modern life.
Evils of smoking — extremely injurious to health.
It is also a wasteful practice that involves at least 5% of the total national dividend of an advanced country like the USA.

Tobacco chewing has been practiced in many parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, since ancient times. But smoking started on a larger scale after the discovery of America by Columbus, i.e. early 16th century. Experts say that the word tobacco has come from the name of Tobago Island, in the West Indies, where tobacco is largely cultivated. The word ‘nicotine’, that harmful chemical which tobacco contains in a large percentage, has taken its name from the then French minister of the same name. Whatever that may be, tobacco addiction is now a widespread fashion all over the world.

There are, of course, many apologists for tobacco smoking. They say that for releasing tense nerves, tobacco is certainly a good solvent. Pursuing this mistaken notion many tender-aged boys, even girls, take to smoking. Some literature are of opinion that by supplying the fume of tobacco to the brain through smoking one can recruit one’s ideas better and produce excellent literature. In this way, misguided students smoke hard before examinations in the hope of putting up an excellent performance in answer papers. According to some others, tobacco smoking is only a diversion and consolation for the poor and hardworking laborers.

Medical men and researchers are unanimous in condemning tobacco smoking. Along with nicotine by lightening cigarette or any variant of it, one inhales poisonous chemicals that definitely and invariably shorten one’s longevity. Tobacco is nothing short of venom to these people who suffer from asthma or other respiratory ailments. About 10% of the population of the world die before their time due to tobacco smoking. Nicotine and other harmful compounds generate fatal diseases like lung cancer, blood pressure, acidity, stomach ulcer, and various other intractable ailments. By smoking five cigarettes every day one deducts five years from one’s usual span of life. Even those who are forced to smell tobacco while sitting nearby the smoker, suffer as passive smokers from fatal diseases. In short, there is nothing in a cigarette to commend it for acceptance. Yet young people are found pressing cigarettes between their lips just to look smart. According to the World Health Organization, more than 8 million people worldwide die each year as a result of tobacco use. About 8 million people die every year directly or indirectly for smoking.

It has been already said that a large number of deaths are accounted for by reckless smoking. It is no plea that some chain-smokers have not suffered from cancer. Smoking was considered by our forefathers as a kind of sin. They are justified in one sense; for it is like the path of sin that is always slippery. The vogue of tobacco often leads to alcoholic and even more fatal drug habits. Besides, tobacco smoking is nowadays a very expensive habit and, once started, it is very difficult to give up the practice. One may take the vow like Mark Twain, the American literateur of last century, who took twenty oaths a day of not to smoke and broke each of them. Thus his oath lasted only for the time between the end of one and the lightening of the next cigarette. For once tobacco smoking is taken up, it gets into the blood and it becomes difficult to get out of the addiction. So, it is always better not to start it like prevention that is always better than cure.

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Essay on Smoking: Causes, Dangers & How to Prevent it

By: Haque , Words: 480, For class 9-10/SSC

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most injurious habits. Nowadays smoking is common all over the world. This habit has been found to spread among people of all ages over the decades.

Dangers of Smoking: Smoking can cause serious health hazards. Tobacco has injurious substances including nicotine. When somebody smokes, nicotine enters into his lungs and gets mixed with his blood. Then it spreads throughout the whole body through blood circulation. Smoking cigarettes can cause serious harm to one’s lungs and larynx. It is the main cause of lung cancer. It also causes diseases like asthma, bronchitis, gastric, ulcer, and heart disease. Smoking can harm not only the person smoking cigarettes but also the people around him. The smoke released by a smoker is inhaled by people in close proximity. It is called passive smoking. Passive smoking is no less harmful than active smoking and all the dangers of smoke are also associated with passive smoking.

Reasons for Smoking: There are some intoxicating materials like nicotine in tobacco. They cause addiction. People get attracted (Stef) to tobacco smoking in different ways. First of all, advertisements by tobacco companies attract people to tobacco smoking. Secondly, smoking by actors and actresses in movies, dramas, and TV programs also attracts people to smoke. They consider smoking as a matter of smartness. Thirdly, youths and youngsters smoke being influenced by the evil company. Usually, it starts out of curiosity and then becomes a lasting habit. Lastly, children are also influenced by their smoker parents. They form acceptance of smoking in their mind and do not consider it as something harmful.

How to Stop Smoking: Smoking has been accepted as a harmful habit by governments worldwide. Many preventive measures have been undertaken in this respect by countries all over the world. Such measures include:

Banning cigarette smoking in public spaces like bus stations, railway stations, subway stations, market places, museums, Zoos, auditoriums, etc., and on public transports such as buses, trains, launches, steamers, ships, etc.
Restricting buying and selling of cigarettes publicly. Also banning the sale of cigarettes to minors.
In Bangladesh the government has enacted laws banning the advertisement of cigarettes, buying and selling cigarettes publicly, and smoking cigarettes in public places. The government has also imposed fines and penalties for the violation of these laws.
The government has also passed laws requiring cigarette companies to print warning signs on the packets of cigarettes.

What else is needed is a greater degree of awareness among people and a strong will to stop smoking. Besides, censorship should be imposed on TV programs, dramas, and movies having scenes of smoking.

Conclusion: There is no doubt that the habit of smoking can cause great harm to a person. It is harmful not only to him but also to his family and the people around him. So, everybody should try seriously to avoid smoking.

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A Paragraph on the Dangers of Smoking, 200 Words

By: Haque , For class 9-12, 07-01-’22

Smoking is a bad habit without any doubt. There are many harmful effects of this bad habit. The most dangerous effect is that it causes serious health hazards. A smoker increases the risk of being attacked with heart attack, stroke, and cancer. He usually suffers from various kinds of respiratory diseases like bronchitis, asthma, and coughing. A smoker can not enjoy a fresh breath. A bad smell comes out of his mouth that causes serious irritation to the non-smokers. Non-smokers are also harmed by a smoker when he smokes before them. It is an irony that despite knowing the bad effects of smoking, people smoke. A precautionary slogan ‘smoking is harmful to health’ is written on the cigarette packet. But smokers are unaware of it. In fact, smoking is a serious addiction. It becomes very difficult to give up this habit if someone is addicted to it. So it is better not to get habituated. Recently Government has taken some steps to discourage smoking and protect non-smokers from being affected by smokers. A law has been passed to ban smoking in public places. It is true that this effort is not sufficient to prevent people from smoking. It is necessary to raise a social campaign against smoking and make people aware of the danger of smoking.

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Smoking Paragraph, 150 Words

By: Haque , For class 7-8, 07-01-’22

Smoking is one of the most injurious habits. Nowadays smoking is common all over the world. This habit has been found to spread among people of all ages over the decades. Smoking can cause serious health hazards. Tobacco has injurious substances including nicotine. When somebody smokes, nicotine enters into his lungs and gets mixed with his blood. Then it spreads throughout the whole body through blood circulation. Smoking of cigarettes can cause serious harm to one’s lungs and larynx. It is the main cause of lung cancer. It also causes diseases like asthma, bronchitis, gastric, ulcer, and heart disease. Smoking can harm not only the person smoking cigarettes but also the people around him. The smoke released by a smoker is inhaled by people in close proximity. It is called passive smoking. Passive smoking is no less harmful than active smoking and all the dangers of smoke are also associated with passive smoking.

Smoking Essay : Causes, Harms and Ways to Quit

By: Haque | 400 Words

Introduction: Smoking is a dangerous habit that affects not only the smoker, but also those around them. It is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide and is linked to a variety of health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illness. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why people start smoking, the harms of smoking, and ways to quit smoking.

Reasons for Starting to Smoke: There are many reasons why people start smoking. For some, it is peer pressure or the desire to fit in with a certain group. For others, it is a way to cope with stress or to feel more confident in social situations. Nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes, can also be a powerful lure for those who are looking for a quick and easy way to feel good.

Harms of Smoking: The harms of smoking are well-documented and extensive. Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, and it also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious health problems. It can also cause damage to the respiratory system, leading to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Secondhand smoke is also a serious concern, as it can cause health problems in those around the smoker, including lung cancer and respiratory illness.

Ways to Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking can be difficult, but it is possible with the right tools and support. Some people choose to quit cold turkey, while others prefer to gradually reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day. Nicotine replacement therapy, such as gum or patches, can also be helpful in managing withdrawal symptoms. Medications, such as bupropion and varenicline, can also be prescribed to help with smoking cessation.

Counseling and support groups can also be very beneficial, as they provide a safe and supportive environment for smokers who are trying to quit. Additionally, setting a quit date and having a plan in place can make it easier to quit smoking.

Conclusion: Smoking is a dangerous habit that can have serious health consequences. However, with the right tools and support, it is possible to quit smoking and improve overall health. It’s important to understand the reasons why people start smoking, the harms that it causes and the various ways to quit smoking. We all should make a conscious effort to quit smoking and lead a healthy life.

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English Essay on “Smoking” English Essay-Paragraph-Speech for Class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 CBSE Students and competitive Examination.

It is accepted and well-known that smoking is a bad habit. Medical science tells us that smoking is injurious to health. it is the cause of many diseases like asthma, cancer, etc. For this reason, a statutory warning was introduced for compulsory display on all packets of cigarettes, chewing Tobacco and advertisements for the same that cigarette smoking or chewing of tobacco is injurious to health. Tobacco contains a deadly poison – nicotine. This poison, when inhaled, injures the heart, lungs, brain and liver. It also effects the digestive system. Even indirect smoking, that is, sitting by the side of a smoker who is emitting smoke, is also injurious to the health of a non-smoker. He should, therefore, avoid sitting close to the smoker. Inspite of so many dangers to health, smoking is on an increase. The younger generation is seen to be falling a prey to this bad habit. This is inspite of the fact that a lot of publicity regarding harmful effects of smoking is being given through the press, the radio and television. In fact, the habit can best be avoided by self-realization rather than propaganda and persuasion.

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When Dynamite Turned Terrorism Into an Everyday Threat

In early 20th-century America, political bombings became a constant menace — but then helped give rise to law enforcement as we know it.

Credit... Photo Illustration by Dan Winters

Supported by

By Steven Johnson

Steven Johnson is the author of “The Infernal Machine: A True Story of Dynamite, Terror and the Rise of the Modern Detective,” from which this article is adapted.

May 17, 2024

July 4, 1914. 9:16 a.m. The first indication that something had gone terribly wrong on the upper floors of 1626 Lexington Avenue arrived in the form of a deafening sound wave. The Times would later compare it to “a broadside from a battleship.” Seconds after the boom, East Harlem pedestrians were shielding themselves from fragments of brick and cement and glass raining down from above. A quick glance upward revealed that the top three floors of 1626 Lexington had been demolished by some sort of blast.

The explosion shattered hundreds of windows in nearby buildings, and furniture from the top-floor apartments shot out across the roofline. As screams from the partly collapsed six-story structure began to rise, the pedestrians on the sidewalk realized that the debris raining down on them was not merely fragments of the ruined tenement building. They were also being bombarded by human remains. When the dust cloud from the blast cleared, a horrifying sight appeared in the carnage of the upper floors: the lifeless body of a man dangling from the fire escape, his legs twisted at a grotesque angle, the back of his skull blown out.

A black-and-white photograph of a destroyed building.

By the time the newly appointed commissioner of the New York Police Department, Arthur Woods, arrived at the scene, along with the city’s chief bomb expert, Owen Eagan, firefighters had pulled the body down from the fire escape. Searching through the dead man’s jacket, the police found a notebook signed “Arthur Caron.” Woods recognized the name immediately: Caron was an anarchist who had recently spearheaded a series of pickets outside John D. Rockefeller’s estate in Tarrytown, protesting the Ludlow massacre in Colorado, where almost a dozen striking miners and their families were killed by military forces. Caron was a known associate of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, arguably the two most prominent political radicals in the United States at that time, and Berkman had vowed to respond to the Ludlow crimes with dynamite. This was no gas leak or construction mishap, Woods realized. The N.Y.P.D. would later determine that the explosion was an accident, but the bomb that detonated that morning had been intended for an act of political terrorism.

“The bomb was of the most powerful construction ever employed in the perpetration of an outrage of this kind in this city,” Eagan told the assembled reporters after a thorough examination of the crime scene. “I cannot understand why there was not even a greater loss of life.” But if the destructive power of the explosive was unusual, the fact that civilians were tinkering with dynamite in an apartment building was hardly anomalous at that moment in the city’s history. Eagan spent a quarter-century on the force, until his death in 1920; over that period, he was called on to either dismantle or survey the wreckage from something on the order of 7,000 bombs, or “infernal machines,” as the press came to call them.

The bombs came in all kinds of packages. Often they arrived in tin cans, emptied of the olive oil or soap or preserves they were manufactured to contain, now wedged tight with sticks of dynamite. Sometimes they were wrapped with an outer band of iron slugs, designed to maximize the destruction; conveyed to their target location in a satchel or suitcase; “accidentally” left behind in the courthouse, or the train station, or the cathedral. And sometimes the bomb was just a naked stick of dynamite with a fuse simple enough to be lit with the strike of a match, ready to be flung into an unsuspecting crowd.

The political bombers were a diverse bunch: socialist agitators, Russian nihilists, Irish republicans, German saboteurs. But of all the bomb throwers of the period, no group was more closely associated with the infernal machines than the anarchists — to such a degree that the press began to call them the Dynamite Club.

In many ways, the first few decades of the 20th century make our present moment, in the United States at least, look tranquil by comparison. As Arthur Woods surveyed the site of the Lexington Avenue explosion, the poles of the mainstream political debate — what we would now call the Overton window — were this. One side believed it was entirely appropriate to open fire on striking workers with machine guns and burn their tent cities to the ground, as Rockefeller forces did at Ludlow; the other side believed that the correct course for society was to eliminate all corporations and governments and return to the small-scale guild systems of Renaissance Europe, and that the best way to advocate for that vision was through a campaign of mass terror and targeted assassinations.

From the anarchist’s perspective, the true infernal machine that had been unleashed was James Watt’s steam engine. Horrifying workplace accidents were simply the cost of doing business. The industrialists had been blowing people up or dismembering them long before the anarchists launched their counterattacks. A week after the Lexington Avenue blast, at a Union Square memorial held to honor the “martyred” bombers behind the Lexington Avenue explosion, the anarchist Becky Edelson made the case to thunderous applause: “They talk about violence! What about the massacre in Ludlow? What about the Triangle fire? What about the thousands and thousands of victims in the factories who are daily crippled and maimed or killed in explosions in the subway, railways and mines?”

But looking back from our present day, the story of this now largely forgotten period of political violence offers another lesson too about the way the arc of history is shaped by the unintended consequences of new ideas, how innovations — in both technology and politics — can sometimes unleash forces that confound the visions of their original creators.

Start with Alfred Nobel’s dynamite, the first explosive to unlock the staggering — but unstable — energy potential of nitroglycerin. Nobel had spent years perfecting a detonator design to enable a controlled explosion and minimize the risk of an accidental blast like the one at 1626 Lexington. (Nobel’s younger brother died in a laboratory explosion.) Ultimately, in the mid-1860s, he hit upon a mix of nitroglycerin and a porous sand known as diatomite, which could be shaped into different packaging and transported with little risk of accidental detonation.

Few chemistry experiments conducted in the 19th century shaped the infrastructure of the world as profoundly as Nobel’s mixture of nitroglycerin and diatomite. As Nobel had envisioned, its primary application proved to be in the realm of engineering and public works, allowing an unprecedented surge in the creation of rail tunnels and subways around the world — major projects that would have been impossible to pull off without the controlled explosions of dynamite. Almost all the iconic engineering triumphs of the period — the Brooklyn Bridge, the Transcontinental Railroad, the Panama Canal — relied extensively on the new explosive. Mining operations, too, benefited from Nobel’s Safety Powder, as he also called it, allowing access to new reservoirs of coal that would power the industrial age.

And yet despite that enormous success, Nobel could not free himself — and his name — from the gruesome violence that had long haunted his nitroglycerin obsession. Even if its use as a military weapon had been negligible, the compact format of the dynamite canister enabled an entirely new form of political violence — providing the working class, the historian Beverly Gage has pointed out, “with firepower to match the armies of the state.” In 1881, the Russian anarchist group People’s Will assassinated Czar Alexander II when an assailant, thought by some to be history’s first suicide bomber, threw an explosive at the feet of the Russian emperor. A dynamite explosion played a central role in the Haymarket Riot in Chicago in 1886, which led to the execution of four anarchists who had been campaigning in favor of an eight-hour workday. In 1894, the French anarchist Émile Henry tossed a bomb into a bustling cafe in Paris, in one of the first known terrorist attacks deliberately targeting civilians.

The other unintended consequence — beyond Nobel’s dynamite — is one we are still living with today. That story is less about the causes behind the wave of violence that swept across New York in the early 20th century and more about the aftershock from all those explosions. The anarchists — most famously the Russian revolutionary and geographer Peter Kropotkin — had argued that there was something fundamentally corrosive about organizing society around large, top-down organizations; leaderless societies, he believed, were the natural order of things, the default state for Homo sapiens. And yet the actions the anarchists took to advance those values — made possible by Nobel’s innovation — ended up playing a defining role in the creation of the very antithesis of the anarchist vision: the modern surveillance state.

The carnage that Arthur Woods and Owen Eagan contemplated in East Harlem had been a familiar sight in Europe for almost a half-century. The Europeans responded in 1898 — during a yearslong stretch when anarchists managed to assassinate several heads of state — by agreeing to share cutting-edge techniques in forensics and information science, like the “portrait parlé” system of body-part measurements developed by the brilliant French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon.

But as late as 1914, the United States was lagging far behind the European crime fighters. For almost all of the 19th century, the idea of an N.Y.P.D. officer’s conducting a forensic investigation — solving a crime, rather than simply beating a confession out of a suspect — would have seemed preposterous. Identification systems were spotty at best: A suspected criminal or terrorist could simply make up a name for himself while under arrest, and the authorities would have no centralized database of information to confirm that identity.

There were signs of progress in the years leading up to the 1914 blast. Fingerprint identification was introduced to the N.Y.P.D. by a cerebral cop named Joseph Faurot a few years earlier, but Faurot struggled to win support for this new scientific form of detective work. (One police commissioner mocked it as “a fad ... and a London fad at that.”) Woods was also beginning to experiment with elaborate undercover operations, encouraging his officers to explore the new possibilities of surveillance in the form of wiretapping.

On a federal level, the situation was even more backward. Though Arthur Woods and others would petition endlessly for the creation of a proper national detective force, Congress had continually rejected the idea, wary of consolidating too much power in the federal government. Near the end of his presidency, Roosevelt managed to persuade his attorney general to bypass congressional approval and create a small force of 34 special agents, in a new division of the Justice Department called the Bureau of Investigation. But the B.O.I. remained chronically underfunded and understaffed. Taking on an underground group of radicals like the ones who had been plotting the attack on Rockefeller was left to urban police departments, most of all the N.Y.P.D.

On Aug. 1, 1914, the very day that war was first declared across the Atlantic, Woods announced the formation of a new group within the force dedicated to the threat posed by the infernal machines, a group that would employ state-of-the-art forensics and undercover operations to keep the city safe from explosions like the one that terrified the residents of East Harlem four weeks earlier. It marked a milestone in the history of law enforcement: one of the first police bomb squads in the United States.

Woods endowed it with an official name that made it clear how closely tied this new innovation in urban policing was to the political movements of the day. He called it the Anarchist and Bomb Squad.

For a time, the bomb squad appeared to be losing ground to the Dynamite Club. Late in the afternoon of Oct. 13, a bomb detonated at the base of a column in the nave of St. Patrick’s Cathedral. The explosion flung cast-iron slugs that had been encased with the dynamite across the interior, destroying three nearby pews, and ripped a hole in the stone floor more than a square foot in size. Not 24 hours later, another bomb exploded outside the rectory of St. Alphonsus Liguori in Lower Manhattan, the site of one of the unemployment rallies that engulfed the city earlier in the year.

In November, two tremendous explosions — one hitting the newly completed Bronx Courthouse — were detonated in what seemed to be an attempt to disrupt the judicial system on the anniversary of the hanging of four Haymarket arrestees. (A judge and a city marshal there had recently been the recipients of threatening letters from anarchist groups.) One bomb had been placed with apparent symbolic intent at the base of a bronze column, near a statue representing the scales of Justice. Two days later, a bomb was left in a city courthouse, where it could easily have killed a dozen people had a swift-thinking policeman named George O’Connor not detected the sinister thread of smoke wafting up from a back row. Owen Eagan’s analysis of the bomb design pointed to the work of Italian anarchists known as the Bresci Circle, who held regular meetings in East Harlem, sometimes attended by Berkman and Goldman.

Woods had already dispatched one member of the Anarchist and Bomb Squad to infiltrate the Bresci Circle earlier in the fall, but the operative — who spoke only English — raised suspicions inside the group and ultimately was banned from meetings. It was clear to Woods that a different approach was required: Paradoxically, they needed an inexperienced officer, someone relatively new to the force who would be less likely to be recognized, and who could do a more effective job of eavesdropping when the Bresci Circle reverted to their native tongue.

Woods found his man in Amadeo Polignani, a rookie in his mid-20s who had been assigned to patrol duty in Midtown, far from East Harlem. Posing as “Frank Baldo,” an anarchism-curious factory worker from Long Island City, Polignani spent a harrowing five months undercover inside the Bresci Circle, ultimately insinuating himself into a plot to blow up St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Polignani smuggled bomb-making manuals and duplicates of the fuse design back to the N.Y.P.D. so that Eagan could calculate the exact timing of the device they were planning to detonate at the church. In a move that could have proved to be a catastrophic miscalculation, Woods ultimately allowed the plot to make it all the way to the cathedral itself, where the perpetrators were allowed to light the fuse of their bomb in the pews during morning Mass, before a set of officers, some disguised as cleaning ladies, swooped in to arrest them and extinguish the fuse creeping down toward the explosive.

The St. Patrick’s operation was a milestone for the N.Y.P.D., demonstrating that professional surveillance operations could be an effective shield against the anarchist campaign of violence. A wave of adulatory press coverage washed over the N.Y.P.D. in the months after the operation. The Tribune ran a story commemorating the first anniversary of Woods’s appointment as police commissioner that might as well have been drafted by Woods himself. “At the end of 12 months, the Police Department possesses an esprit de corps seldom, if ever before, developed in its history. A systematic and zealous effort is being made to prevent crime.” Other newspapers ran features on Faurot’s increasingly comprehensive Identification Bureau, its file cabinets filled with photographs and fingerprints of suspects, calling it a “ ‘who’s who’ of the wicked.”

As the United States grew entangled in the European war, the need for a federal version of what Woods and Faurot were assembling in New York became increasingly clear. Imagine living through the following timeline — spanning just 12 months starting in July 1915 — in today’s environment of social media and round-the-clock news. First, a deranged former Harvard professor named Eric Muenter procured 200 sticks of dynamite, planted some of them on a transport steamer carrying munitions to Europe (where they would explode several days later), detonated a small explosive in the U.S. Capitol building, then traveled to the home of J.P. Morgan Jr. on Long Island, where he shot the financier before the authorities finally arrested him. In the middle of the frantic chase to determine what Muenter did with the remaining sticks of dynamite, a bomb detonated near the Identification Bureau that Faurot oversaw at N.Y.P.D. headquarters. (The perpetrators were never caught, but they were believed to be anarchists marking the first anniversary of the Lexington Avenue explosion.)

Not long after, a munitions depot on Black Tom Island in New York Harbor detonated, after three saboteurs working for the German spymaster Franz von Rintelen wired the depot with explosives earlier in the night. The blast was powerful enough to shatter windows miles away in Manhattan and Brooklyn; amazingly, the rumble from the explosion was felt as far as Philadelphia and Baltimore. And finally, in San Francisco, a suitcase bomb exploded at a rally supporting the United States’ imminent involvement in the European war, killing 10 people. While they were never indicted on a charge of participating in the plot, both Goldman and Berkman happened to be living in San Francisco at the time.

Slowly, the ceaseless chaos of the Dynamite Club began to elicit a federal response. In June 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act, perhaps the most sweeping implementation of state-mandated patriotism ever produced by the United States government. The act expanded the postmaster general’s authority to impound any potentially seditious material and made it a crime to circulate “false reports or false statements” that “promote the success” of the United States’ enemies. Over the subsequent decades, the Espionage Act (and the Sedition Act passed the following year) would be invoked to prosecute everyone from Eugene Debs to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg to the Pentagon Papers whistle-blower, Daniel Ellsberg — all the way to Julian Assange and Chelsea Manning in recent years. But the very first people to feel the force of the new law were Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman, who were arrested just 24 hours after the passage of the act by U.S. marshals, accompanied by members of the N.Y.P.D. bomb squad, and charged with making seditious public statements supporting draft resistance.

Woods arranged a transfer of most of the bomb squad to the federal government at the end of 1917, as his term as police commissioner came to an end. But it took an even more elaborate bombing campaign to create a comprehensive system of surveillance on a federal level. In the spring of 1919, more than 30 mail bombs were sent to prominent figures across the country, including Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., J.P. Morgan Jr. and John D. Rockefeller Jr. While one of the bombs did detonate, much of the attack was foiled thanks to a postal clerk, who noticed a match between news reports of one of the bombs and the wrappings of another 16 packages he encountered as part of his job. Just weeks later, though, bombs exploded in a synchronized attack on eight cities across the country, with leaflets signed by a group calling themselves the Anarchist Fighters, targeting a church, several judges, immigration officials, industrialists, a mayor and a state congressman. One of them exploded on the doorstep of Palmer’s home in Washington. In the history of terrorism on American soil, only the Sept. 11 attacks compare with the June 1919 bombing campaign in the scope and complexity of the operation.

The sheer scale of these plots made it clear that city police agencies — even with their modernized forensic techniques — were simply not equipped to take on the threat posed by the anarchists. The longstanding principled objection to a national detective agency would have to give way to practical reality. Enraged by both the personal attack on his family and the audacity of the assault on the nation’s most powerful men, Palmer put the celebrated detective William Flynn — a former head of the Secret Service — in charge of the Bureau of Investigation. Palmer also created a new unit dedicated exclusively to the revolutionary threat at home, just as Woods did with the Anarchist and Bomb Squad back in 1914.

This one they called the Radical Division. And Palmer knew just the kid to run it: a 24-year-old recent arrival at the Justice Department who had worked at the Library of Congress, and who also had overseen a complex effort to register names of German nationals in New York. His name was John Edgar Hoover.

When historians catalog the momentous inventions of history — the printing press, the telescope, the steam engine — they rarely include indexing algorithms on their greatest-hits list. But tools that help us explore ever larger pools of information — and widen the net we can cast in those pools — have often turned out to trigger inflection points in history. The invention of the modern footnote and indexing protocols that developed slowly over the 16th and 17th centuries had a hand in the scientific revolution, for instance.

In just a few months, between August and December 1919, J. Edgar Hoover put in place a new information management system that belongs in the pantheon of transformative indexing breakthroughs. According to some accounts, he called it the Editorial File System.

Hoover’s primary mandate at the Radical Division was to identify potential subversives — particularly resident aliens, though Hoover quickly strayed into tracking American citizens as well — and compile evidence against them that could be used in deportation hearings. Assembling and cross-referencing large amounts of information were fundamentally the same skills that Hoover absorbed several years earlier while moonlighting at the Library of Congress. But he soon discovered that the bureau was not up to speed in the latest advances in library sciences. “When the Radical Division was formed,” he wrote later that year, “the files of the Bureau of Investigation were found to be in such shape as to be of practically little or no use in the preparation of cases for deportation.” Collating information on just a single suspect could take hours, but more complex inquiries — like identifying all the individuals who attended a particular rally or published in a radical journal like Goldman’s Mother Earth — was prohibitively time-consuming. Reorganizing all that information, making it searchable, was the sort of problem only a librarian could love.

The crucial innovations that Hoover introduced effectively made the Editorial File System into what we would now call a relational database. When a field report arrived at the Radical Division’s headquarters, it would be passed along to one of a team of more than 30 clerks, each of them trained in the sort of file-management tasks that Hoover could have learned about at the Library of Congress. Each report was classified along multiple axes: the names of the subjects under surveillance, the city, the state, the organizations involved, the ideological worldview of the subjects and any events associated with the report, as well as any publications. Crucially, all the information was cross-referenced on the index cards. If a request came for information about an anarchist group operating out of Springfield, Mass., you could assemble all the relevant field reports in a matter of minutes — at least an order of magnitude faster than an equivalent search in the bureau’s shambolic pre-Hoover days.

Once again, the primary measure of law enforcement’s prowess became the size of the organization’s file cabinets. But unlike Faurot’s Identification Bureau, which was heavily weighted toward New York crimes, the Editorial File System was a genuinely national database. In just a few short months, the Radical Division collected 50,000 index cards documenting radical activity across the country. Hoover had weaponized library science in the service of subduing the revolutionary threat. And as the field reports began piling up on his desk in the late summer of 1919, he became increasingly obsessed with the idea of using that new power to send Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman back to Russia.

The case for deporting Berkman was a comparatively easy one to make: He had always been the most vocal supporter of political violence and in fact tried to assassinate the industrialist Henry Clay Frick in 1892, four years after arriving in the United States from Russia. (He also never bothered to become an American citizen.) But Goldman always had a more nuanced connection to the bomb-making wing of the anarchist movement, and there was some argument that her early marriage as a teenager in Rochester, N.Y., had made her a naturalized citizen and thus a more complicated deportation case. There would be no obvious smoking gun to justify expelling Goldman from the United States; that case would require more sophisticated forms of information management.

On an unseasonably warm morning in late October, Goldman and her lawyer, Harry Weinberger, took the ferry to Ellis Island to attend the first session of her deportation hearings. When they arrived in an examination room, just a few steps from the Great Hall, still flooded with new immigrants, they found Hoover waiting for them, seated alongside the main examiner, Inspector A.P. Shell. Goldman was immediately struck by the volume of documentation stacked in front of her “inquisitors.” “The documents, classified, tabulated and numbered, were passed on to me for inspection,” she wrote in her memoirs. “They consisted of anarchist publications in different languages, most of them long out of print, and of reports of speeches I had delivered a decade previously. No objection had been made to them at the time by the police or the federal authorities. Now they were being offered as proof of my criminal past and as justification for banishing me from the country.”

The material that Hoover had managed to assemble in just a few months was indeed staggering in its scope and attention to detail. The files went back as far as Goldman’s Rochester days, including legal documents suggesting that while there was no evidence that she had formally divorced her husband, he was not a naturalized citizen, and thus the marriage did not confer citizenship on her. He provided a close reading of all the incendiary remarks in the issue of Mother Earth that followed the Lexington Avenue explosion. The case was supplemented with 25 separate exhibits, composed of more than 100 typewritten pages of curated quotations drawn from pamphlets and old issues of Mother Earth and Berkman’s publication The Blast.

Goldman denounced Hoover’s inquiry as the reincarnation of the “third degree of czarist Russia.” But the Editorial File System won out in the end. Berkman and Goldman — along with 247 other radicals who had been swept up in the notorious Palmer Raids of 1919 — were deported to the nascent Soviet Union in late December, on a transport ship that the press dubbed the Red Ark.

“Our enemies are fighting a losing battle,” Berkman and Goldman wrote to their comrades, shortly before the Red Ark steamed out of New York Harbor. “They are of the dying past. We are of the glowing future.” But looking back more than a century later, we know that that prophecy turned out to be false. The values that the anarchists had been championing — a return to a more egalitarian society liberated from the twin leviathans of Big Government and Big Capital — largely disappeared from mainstream political conversation over the subsequent century. You can see the disappearance of that vision in the etymological history of the word “anarchy,” which before this era was much more closely grounded in its etymological roots: “an-” meaning no, and “arkhe,” a Greek word for rule. The fact that the word “anarchy” carries the connotation of troublesome disorder today is yet another aftershock of all those explosions, part of the debris field they left behind.

While the stacks of evidence presented at the Ellis Island hearings marked the beginning of the end for anarchism as a mainstream political movement in America, they were just the beginning for J. Edgar Hoover. The deportation of Berkman and Goldman — and the brilliant display of the power of the Editorial File System — proved to be the first major triumph of Hoover’s career. Less than five years later, he was appointed head of the bureau, a position he would hold for almost a half-century.

The file system might have looked like just a collection of index cards, no different from your routine Dewey Decimal System at a local library, but after Hoover took control of the B.O.I. (later renamed the F.B.I.), it proved to be one of the most menacing expressions of state power in American history, paving the way for the notorious undercover investigations into the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Kennedys, John Lennon and countless other notable figures and so-called subversives.

If the Dynamite Club was the terrible unintended consequence of Nobel’s innovation, the unintended consequence of the anarchist bombs turned out to be the emergence of Interpol and the F.B.I. — one of those stretches of history when some of the most powerful institutions in the world are shaped by the activities of marginal groups, working outside the dominant channels of power, who end up ushering into being the very thing that they were protesting against. In the 1950s, the creation of the National Security Agency took the techniques of surveillance and wiretapping to an even more insidious level, increasingly tied to digital-age technologies. When Edward Snowden exposed the vast sweep of the N.S.A.’s cybersurveillance, he was charged with violating the very same Espionage Act originally deployed against Goldman and Berkman.

In the middle of the 19th century, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon famously declared, “To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished.” Proudhon would no doubt be appalled to learn that the F.B.I.’s current “Next Generation Identification” database contains more than 70 million fingerprints of convicted criminals, arrestees and immigration violators, and that its National Crime Information Center now handles more than 10 million queries a day. But he might be even more appalled to learn of the role anarchism played in making those systems a reality.

This article is adapted from “The Infernal Machine: A True Story of Dynamite, Terror and the Rise of the Modern Detective,” published this month by Crown.

Dan Winters is a photographer and portraitist based in Austin, Texas. He is known for his portraiture, scientific photography, photo illustrations and drawings.

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On Why One Should Stop Smoking Essay (Speech)

Introduction.

Credibility material: how do you really feel when some of the problems you or your relative or even friends face due to smoking? And is it possible to stop smoking after you have been told that smoking will definitely give you serious health problems? Well, I had a friend who became a chain smoker. He used to wake and the first thing that went into his mouth was a cigarette stick, then any other thing will follow thereafter. My friend had been experiencing persistent coughs that made him suspect he might have contracted HIV virus yet he had not yet spent with a woman. But he went for HIV test which proved negative. He continued smoking as he sought out the cough issue in his own ways. One day he became very ill and the cough became even worse. As a friend I accompanied him to a local hospital where he was diagnosed with cancer. The doctor’s advice was that he should stop smoking; however, he never adhered to the doctor’s advice and later died of serious cancer. That was a sad event caused by what could be avoided.

Link to the audience: one of the people who have suffered health complications or death as a result of smoking may be somebody close to you or someone you know.
Thesis and preview: today I am privileged to have your audience and I intend to talk to you about the effects of smoking, and also I propose to give a talk on how to solve the problem of smoking.

Shift into the main section of the speech: I will begin by telling you how smoking affects us.

So many people around the world have suffered the effects of smoking. I will talk about these effects in terms of health and financial effects.

Research has found out that non-smokers are also exposed to dangers related to smoking. It can lead to increased effects of asthma on those who already have asthma, especially children. Taking for instance, available statistics indicate that in the United States of America alone, 53,000 non-smokers are killed by issues related to smoking (San Francisco Tobacco Free Project para1).
To those who have coronary diseases, second hand smoking increases the risk of the disease and can make it severe. Moreover, those who have high risk factors of the disease can easily be attacked when exposed to smoking environment for long.
Imagine that being exposed to second hand smoke for only thirty minutes is enough to cause damages to your heart and the damages are just similar to those of an actual or habitual smoker.
Smoking also affects the unborn: the fetus is affected by secondary smoke inhaled by the mother.
In women who are young and have not reached menopause, secondary smoke increases the risk of breast cancer.
Other effects are impaired learning ability of children, increased risk of experiencing spinal pain, and reduced median cotinine levels (Bonnie pp.5-21).Transition: I believe that you can now realize that smoking does not only affect the smoker, but even the non-smokers and the unborn. The problems related to smoking affects all of us, but the smokers are more exposed than non-smokers even though in some of the problems both groups suffer are just the same. Now I will tell you about the risks smokers directly face.

Habitual smokers are exposed to:

Habitual smokers are at a very high risk of cancer. It has been known that smoking is one of the leading causes of cancer. Taking the case of United Kingdom alone, approximately 106, 000 individuals die annually due to smoke related cancer.
Some of the diseases caused and or worsened by smoking include, lung cancer, diseases of the heart, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and also circulation problems.
To pregnant women, smoking is highly likely to cause miscarriages, complications, poor development of the child which may continue after birth and it may also result into still birth or death of the child in the first one week of birth (Litt 29).
Smoking also has economic and other effects on smokers. Smokers, especially heavy chain smokers, use a lot of money as cigarette expenditures. Some of other effects of smoking include, bad breath, clothes and home environment smell stale tobacco, reduces sense of taste, life insurance of smokers are damn expensive and potential employers may not like smokers due to the possibility of constant seek leave.Transition: you can see how much risk smokers are exposed to. It is important to note that these risks can potentially result into deaths. However, it is possible to avoid all these smoking related problems. Now, my last discussion will be on how to solve the problem of smoking.

The only effective way in solving the problem is to stop smoking. But the question somebody may be asking is, “How do I stop smoking?” I will give some ways on how to do so:

Will power is one of the ways to use in solving the problems but the most difficult of all other ways. One should have the courage and have undying persistence on quitting smoking.
Use nicotine-based chewing gum; even though they still contain nicotine, however, the victim under treatment is not getting the tar into the body system.
Use anti-depressants under a medical doctor’s guide.
It is important to stop smoking once diagnosed with problems related with smoking
Another way to stop smoking is to seek the intervention of a counselor who will guide you on gradual processes of stopping smoking.
Non-smokers, especially with risky diseases, should avoid smoking environments (Acts 50).

Brakelight/intention to stop: as you can realize, stopping smoking and campaigning against it will be beneficial to all of us.

Summary: I have talked to you about the effects of smoking on both habitual smokers and non-smokers and also on how the problems can be stopped or avoided. All of us must rise up and campaign against smokers or else we will gradually be affected and infected.

Link back to the audience: now that you know the effects of smoking and how to solve it will you help somebody stop smoking? How happy will you be or satisfied will you feel if someone is to come to thank you for helping him or her stop smoking? Let us take the challenge.

Concluding remark: I am going to stop here, but not before I give you a quote by somebody known as Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland. “A cigarette is the only consumer product which when used as directed kills its consumer.”

Acts, Humbler. How to Stop Smoking in 50 Days . New York: Bookway International Services, 2001.

Bonnie, Richard. Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation . New York: National Academies Press, 2007.

Litt, Iris. Taking our pulse: The health of America’s women . New York: Stanford University Press, 1997.

San Francisco Tobacco Free Project. “Untitled.” 2010.

Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2022, June 2). On Why One Should Stop Smoking. https://ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/

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