what makes a good nurse essay

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What establishes an excellent nurse? A focus group and Delphi panel approach

Wolter paans.

1 Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands

Patricia Robbe

2 Research center for talent development in higher education and society, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands

Inge Wijkamp

3 School of Health care Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands

Marca V. C. Wolfensberger

Associated data.

The datasets during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Over the past few years, the complexity of the health care system in which nurses are required to practice has increased considerably, magnifying the need for excellent professionals with a specific set of knowledge, skills and attitudes. However, the characteristics that distinguish an excellent nurse have not yet been clarified.

The aim of this study was to determine nurses’ perspectives regarding characteristics associated with an excellent nurse in order to elicit a conceptual profile.

A focus group design followed by Delphi panel content validation was utilized. Information regarding nurses’ perspectives was derived from six focus group discussions comprising 19 nurses involved in hospital practice and 24 nurses with experience in mental health care. The analysis of the focus group discussions resulted in nine domains whereby content validity was achieved with contributions from a Delphi panel survey with 26 professionals.

As determined by the survey, a combination of these specified aspects characterize an excellent nurse: analytical, communicative, cooperative, coordinating, disseminates knowledge, empathic, evidence-driven, innovative and introspective.

Determining what establishes an excellent nurse according to experienced nurses is valuable as this information can influence the broadening curriculum for educating future nurses to meet the needs in the professional field, contributing to the quality of care. This conceptual profile can be used as a reference guide for supervisors and professionals to personally improve their clinical practice as well as for education.

Over the last few years, the health care domain has changed considerably. Nurses face an aging population that is experiencing co-morbidity and multi-morbidity as well as intensifying care requirements. Not all nurses believe they are equipped for these challenges [ 1 ]. To deal with complex health care situations, an increased level of knowledge and the development of expert skills appear to be required [ 2 ]. Also, the changing health care domain requires more innovative behavior of professionals, and requires nurses who are able to generate new ideas, and implement them to achieve outstanding accomplishments [ 3 ]. To answer these needs in the professional field, the interest in identifying excellent professionals and training talented students to achieve professional excellence has become an increasingly important topic for both hospital administrations and universities [ 4 ].

Accordingly, many nursing schools are launching so called honors programs. Honors programs are selective study programs that are designed for motivated and gifted students who want to accomplish more than the regular program offers [ 4 , 5 ]. These programs have clear admission criteria and clear goals, and offer educational opportunities that are more challenging and demanding than regular programs [ 4 , 5 ], aiming at positively influencing (nursing) students’ growth toward professional excellence [ 5 , 6 ]. In the Netherlands, these honors programs are considered as the testing ground for innovations, in which motivated and talented students can experiment with new challenging educational methods, that are often implemented in the regular program, when feasible [ 7 , 8 ].

The designation ‘excellent nurse’ has not been distinctly specified in literature nor has it been evidenced how the concept is interpreted in the field of nursing. As the construct lacks content validity, it can neither be applied for clinical practice nor for education. The term ‘excellence’ connotes explicit and, supposedly, superior attributes, behaviors, pursuits, and nursing status and is associated with knowledge, skills, and experience [ 9 ]. The lack of research towards the conceptualization of ‘excellence in nursing’, necessitates referring to opinions. One of the first authors indicating the importance for refining the concept ‘excellence in nursing’ was Virginia Henderson [ 10 ]. Henderson links excellence in nursing to ‘the potential for intellectual, emotional or spiritual growth’. Excellence in nursing, according to Henderson, is not seen as the generic definition ‘to excel, to surpass, or to be the best’. Coulon et al. (1996) [ 11 ] refer to professionalism, holistic care, good practice, and humanism. Enabling personal qualities, nurse-patient relationships and nurse-health team relationships can be seen as subcategories for identifying excellence in nursing.

Benner [ 12 ] uses the term ‘expert’ as an equivalent of ‘expertise’ in a development model for nurses whereby nurses are facilitated in their progression from ‘novice’ to ‘expert’. Benner describes the five levels of nursing experience as: 1. Novice; 2. Advanced beginner; 3. Competent; 4. Proficient; and 5. Expert. According to Benner, not all nurses exhibit the required competencies that are needed to become an expert [ 12 ]. Possessing an ability to intuitively employ tacit knowledge based on experience are key traits according to Benner’s theory. Sternberg [ 13 , 14 ] and Dweck [ 15 ] state that communication, leadership, and decision-making skills as well as teamwork, situational cognizance, metacognitive knowledge, social recognition, self-esteem, confidence, and flexibility are significant disciplines for developing expertise. Diers and Evans [ 6 ] mention aspects such as being reflective, acting with an internal drive, and having a focus on other disciplines as being associated with outstanding or excellent performance. A cross-sectional survey study among nurses ( n  = 159) in China revealed that greater social boldness, receptivity to change, self-reliance, dominance, and vigilance can be construed as predictors of what makes an excellent nurse [ 16 ]. Furthermore, core principles such as dignity, respect, compassion and person-centered care are key issues associated with providing excellence in nursing care [ 17 ]. Sternberg [ 13 , 14 ] states that expertise comprises two aspects, i.e., “a cognitive and an attributive aspect”. The cognitive aspect is related to the automation of complex tasks. Attribution is what is perceived or experienced as expertise. Therefore, only demonstrating professional knowledge and skills is not sufficient enough to provide excellent nursing care [ 12 , 18 – 20 ]. A study among allied health care professionals has established that demonstrating outstanding competencies in only one particular specialty area does not mean the equivalency of being excellent. An excellent caregiver can be an expert, however a broader, in depth, inter-professional orientation on an outstanding level must also be present [ 20 ]. Ericsson [ 21 – 23 ] and Sternberg [ 13 ] describe expertise as possessing a ‘superior competence level’. ‘Excellence’ is also identified as a concept related to ‘professional art and science’ in clinical practice [ 24 – 28 ]. The concept of professionalism also seems to be related to professional excellence. According to Tanaka [ 29 ], professionalism refers to the conduct, qualities, or goals that characterize a profession and usually describes behaviors that are highly expected of the profession’s members.

Based on definitions and descriptions in literature, it remains ambiguous if being an ‘expert’, having ‘expertise’, or exhibiting an ‘outstanding competence level’ or ‘professionalism’ can be designated as antecedents or are synonymous to what is construed as an ‘excellence nurse’. In addition, to our knowledge, the analysis of how nurses perceive the concept ‘excellent professional’ is lacking in the current literature. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate which characteristics distinguish an excellent nurse, according to experienced nurses, in order to establish a framework to guide talented nursing students in their development towards professional excellence and satisfying the expectations of professionals in the clinical nursing environments.

The focus of the study was to identify the characteristics of an excellent nurse from the perspective of experienced nurses in order to compile a conceptual profile. This profile can be beneficial as a reference tool for nurses in clinical practice and can function as a reference in the development of learning outcomes for educational programs aiming to guide students toward becoming an excellent nurse. Thereby, a profile can lend support to teachers in nursing schools for developing honors education curricula and for students’ self-reflection.

Focus group design

A focus group design according to Hennink, Hutter & Bailey [ 30 ] was employed to investigate experienced nurses’ perspectives and opinions on the competencies that distinguish an excellent nurse. The elucidation of perspectives during group discussions may expose information that would not have surfaced during in-depth interviews conducted in individual meetings or in a survey [ 30 ]. A topic guide was structured in order to discern detectible characteristics (performance, knowledge, attitude, disposition, interference) exhibited by an excellent nurse. The main question proposed in the focus groups was: ‘What do you believe establishes an excellent nurse in your health care environment?’ Additional questions included: ‘Is there a difference in what is considered to be an experienced, well-educated, or specialized nurse and an excellent nurse?’; ‘What is your opinion regarding the differences between an expert nurse and an excellent nurse?’; ‘What is the difference between an excellent nurse and a regular nurse, in your opinion?’

Sample and recruitment

Focus group participants resided in the Netherlands and were selected by remitting emails to members of a university-nursing network within a hospital and a mental health care facility and by snowball sampling. The focus group settings included: 1) three focus groups with clinical hospital nurses and 2) three focus groups with nurses employed in mental health care. The group composition in segmented groups of hospital and mental health care nurses was meant to create homogeneity in the degree of shared experience of the discussion topic as similarity in background fosters an open and productive discussion among participants [ 30 ]. To be able to generate enriched data, we included nurses from various wards and health care institutions with a variety of background experiences and specialties within the segmented groups. This resulted in dynamic sessions and afforded the collection of a diversity of perceptions and opinions. Participants were included in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: (1) employed in a clinical hospital practice, at a mental health care institution, or at a health center for psychotherapy as a registered nurse and (2) consent to participate in a focus group discussion regarding personal opinions and perspectives on what constitutes an excellent nurse for a maximum duration of 90 min. Nurses were provided with information beforehand regarding the essence of the research project as well as the methods utilized. Contact information of the research team was included in the event the participants had inquiries regarding the content of the study.

Six focus group (FG) discussions were arranged in February–March 2013 with a convenience sample of 19 hospital nurses (FG 1: n  = 7, FG 2: n  = 5, FG 3: n  = 7) and 24 nurses with experience in mental health care (FG 4: n  = 9, FG 5: n  = 8, FG 6: n  = 7) comprising a total of 43 participants in the study (Table ​ (Table1). 1 ). In FG 1–3, nurses from surgery wards, internal medicine wards, neurology, critical care, and a pediatric ward were included. In FG 4–6, nurses in psychiatric emergency units as well as those in extended-stay psychiatric settings were included. Nurses involved in mental health care were experienced caregivers in extramural psychiatric settings as well as in intramural environments with diverse patient groups (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, borderline, depression, anxiety disorders, and forensic psychiatry). The mean (standard deviation) age was 37 (12) n  = 33 (from a total of 43 nurses, 33 nurses indicated their age). Seventy-five percent of the focus group participants were female. All participants had acquired more than five years of experience in their field.

Nurses in focus groups

Data collection

Each of the six focus groups discussed the topic “characteristics that differentiate an excellent nurse” led by a moderator and monitored by a non-participating observant. The principal investigator was one of the two observers who participated in three out of the six focus groups. The moderator exploited the topic guide to foster the conversations and encourage the participants to proportionally contribute to the deliberation. All focus group discussions were audio recorded. The observers transcribed the field notes aggregated during the interactions within the focus group. Two discussions occurred in a hospital unit, two in an institution for mental health care, and two on a university campus.

Analysis of focus group discussions

Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Two researchers (the principal investigator and one observer) independently performed data analyses. Each precisely examined the text and repeatedly correlated text analyses to create a preliminary profile with the characteristics distinguishing an excellent nurse as derived from the participants’ perceptions. The continuous cycle of aggregating and analyzing data followed the grounded theory approach described by Hennink, Hutter & Bailey [ 30 ]. This method was employed in order to provide analytic rigor in the interpretation of the qualitative data and when developing empirical theory.

Data analysis was initiated with open coding which involved disseminating the data into distinct units of analysis and classifying the dissimilar units as concepts. Concepts were labeled, whenever feasible, by utilizing the terms conveyed by the participants (i.e., in vivo coding). Axial coding was subsequently performed in order to attain a greater degree of data conceptualization. To attain this goal, both researchers independently created items and domains which were then compared until consensus was reached. The analysis of textual data was realized by utilizing the qualitative analysis software package ATLAS.ti, version 06 (2012) [ 31 ].

Delphi survey for content validity

To validate the findings of the focus group sessions and arrive at a quantifiable concurrence of the characteristics that comprise an excellent nurse, a survey tool was created based on the results of the focus group discussions. The survey was in accordance with the Delphi technique as indicated by Lawshe [ 32 ] and consisted of domains and items that distinguish an excellent nurse to be rated on a three-point scale. Experts ( n  = 52) that were employed in health-related professions received an invitation to participate in the Delphi survey. Participants included senior nurses with a specialization in the development of expert skills, senior researchers, honors educators and publishers in the field of nursing care and nursing care education. Professionals participating in the focus groups were excluded. This slightly expanded inclusion criterion was used in the Delphi panels compared to the focus groups as we expected that senior researchers as well as teachers involved in honors education could be considered as experts in the field of excellence in nursing, even though they were not necessarily primarily involved in nursing practice.

Content-validity ratios were quantified to assess the level of consensus in each Delphi panel. Each panelist was queried as to whether or not the domains and aspects indicated in the preliminary profile that discerned an excellent nurse were actually essential for this profile. Domains alluding to an agglomeration of attitudes, characteristics, or the aspects that collectively constituted a category, and aspects in the preliminary profile, i.e., related professional behaviors, were also measured in accordance with the method of Lawshe [ 32 ] and by indicating the following scale anchors: “essential”; “important, but not essential”; or “not necessary”.

The following formula specifies this measurement:

in which CVR is the content-validity ratio, ne symbolizes the number of panelists who assessed a specific item or domain as “essential”, and N is the entire number of panelists.

It was requested that the panelists communicate their opinions in two phases concerning the material of the concept profile. Phase I pertained to the results of the focus group; Phase II was applicable to the modifications derived from the CVR calculation of Phase I. Only items and domains that acquired positive ratios were included in the conceptual profile.

A similar method was utilized to ascertain the distribution of the components within the domains. Panelists were requested to evaluate the accuracy of the positioning of the items on a four-point Likert scale where −1- signifies a correctly located item and −4- indicates that an item must be situated within a different domain. Panelists judged an item as being incorrectly categorized resulting in relocation more than 50% of the time.

Phase I of the Delphi panel comprised 27 respondents, and Phase II consisted of 26 respondents from the 52 experts who were contacted (response rate, 52% and 50%, respectively). All of the respondents satisfied the inclusion criteria whereby they were regarded as experts in the realm of nursing based on whether they were an author of publications in the field of policy; a researcher in nursing, nursing care, or nursing education; and/or possessed substantial leadership positions in nursing. All participants had at least bachelor-level education and at least five years of professional experience in nursing practice. Of the participants in Phase II, 77% (20) were female. Nineteen of them indicated their age of which the mean (standard deviation) was 42 (6) years.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

In the Netherlands, ethical concession is not required for studies exploiting a focus group comprising nurses and an anonymized data analysis as this is only required in patient related research and not in that considered to be professional. The written invitations to the professionals requesting them to participate in the study also incorporated statements conveying confidentiality and privacy procedures, the prerogative to revoke participation at any time, and a declaration that the sessions would be audio recorded. All of the participants provided informed oral consent and requested that any personal information discussed within the focus groups remain confidential. All data that may plausibly have identified participants were eliminated from the transcripts to ensure anonymity.

Results of focus group discussions

An iterative process as described by Hennink et al. [ 30 ] identified the point of information saturation. Variations in the issues decreased following the assessment of the third focus group session, and aggregation of the data continued in order to determine whether any further information emerged. Data saturation was also achieved pursuant to the assessment of the third focus group session in both groups, i.e., mental health care nurses and hospital nurses, as no additional issues appeared during this session compared to previous sessions in both health care sectors.

The text analysis generated domains describing a theoretical schema based on the experiences, perceptions, and interpretations that were communicated by the participants. The codebooks of the focus group sessions from the hospital and the mental health care nurses were compared representing the analysis of the transcripts. As no considerable variations were verified between the codebooks of discussions with hospital nurses and mental health care nurses, one single conceptual profile of the “characteristics of an excellent nurse” was generated.

Results of the Delphi panels

The Delphi panel results supported the generated conceptual distinctions, and only negligible remarks were made regarding the focus groups results. ‘Experienced’ was considered “not necessary” in the profile of what comprises an excellent nurse. Although the concepts ‘experience’, ‘proficiency’, ‘occurrence’, ‘accurate skills’, ‘well-understanding’ and ‘knowhow’ were referenced in the discussions several times, there was no consensus in the focus groups or in the Delphi panels that these concepts are perceived as characteristics that distinguish excellence but, instead, are considered normal nursing traits. Other terms appointed in the focus groups as well as in the Delphi panels as ‘being above average curious’, ‘showing more perseverance’, ‘energetic’, ‘enthusiastic’, ‘spirited’, or ‘above average thinker’ were also not considered essential for the profile as they were regarded as not concrete, tangible, and distinguishing perceptible characteristics in terms of performance, knowledge, attitude, disposition, interference.

A minority (<50%) of the panelists regarded “networking” (ratio [r] = 00 (13/26) and “publishing in professional or scientific journals” ( r  = − 46 (7/26) as indispensable elements in the profile of an excellent nurse. Therefore, it was determined that these items should be omitted from the profile. In response to the qualitative analysis of the comments from the Delphi panelists, several items were rephrased to be less ambiguous and more functional in nature.

Following the second Delphi Phase, all items were placed in the appropriate domain as indicated by more than 50% of the panelists who assessed the location of the items in the domains as correct (Fig. ​ (Fig.1 1 ).

Conceptual profile of what establishes an excellent nurse

The profile of the excellent nurse

By compiling the conclusions from the textual analysis of the focus group discussions followed by content validity through the calculation of both Delphi panel judgment phases (Table ​ (Table2) 2 ) and the qualitative interpretation of the Delphi panel observations (Fig. ​ (Fig.1), 1 ), the conceptual profile of an excellent nurse was established. This conceptual profile comprises nine attributes or characteristics, listed in alphabetical order: (1) analytical, (2) communicative, (3) cooperative, (4) coordinating, (5) disseminate knowledge, (6) empathic, (7) evidence driven, (8) innovative, and (9) introspective.

Domains and characteristics of what establishes an excellent nurse

Employing critical thinking skills to analyze complex patient situations in order to ascertain a precise overview of the situation was mentioned in all of the focus groups. Possessing the ability to distinguish primary issues that are based on critical reasoning skills in complex situations from those that are incidental was recognized in all focus groups as well. One participant indicated: ‘In complex situations, seeing the big picture, and, by this time, doing the right thing, where I am still asking myself, ‘What to do now?’ [FG2].

Communicative

The issue of ‘being communicative’ was referred to in all six focus groups. In regard to the transcript analyses, the term ‘Communicative’ was coded with the highest scores. It was discussed being a normal nursing skill as well, though it was perceived as a characteristic of an excellent nurse and related to employing context-sensible expressions [FG1–3, FG6]. ‘Relevant communication’ [FG3,4] was mentioned several times. Communication was often associated collectively with ‘providing clear argumentation for interventions’ [FG1,2,5,6]; ‘correctly explaining the things you do’ [FG3–6]; and ‘vibrant communication to share knowledge’ [FG3,4]. ‘An excellent nurse is always a good communicator; without high quality communication, one cannot be excellent’ [FG1].

Cooperative

Being cooperative was regarded as being a normal nursing skill. Cooperation in combination with ‘taking the lead in complex situations’ was discussed as a characteristic of excellence in four out of the six focus groups [FG1–3,6]. Collaboration in the context of an excellent nurse was considered as being an ‘outstanding and inspiring team worker’ [FG2]. ‘Supporting colleagues when they need it in no matter what subjects’ [FG2].

Coordinating

Being cooperative and an accurate coordinator was often used in the same context of ‘taking the lead’. Whereas the term ‘cooperation’ was considered from a team perspective, the term ‘coordinating’ was seen from the patient objective although ‘accurately transferring patient sensitive information’ refers to cooperation as well as coordination. Coordination is perceived as ‘managing patients’ preferences in an efficient clinical pathway’ [FG1].

Disseminate knowledge

Sharing knowledge with patients, nurses, and other significant professionals to improve the quality of care was referred to in all focus groups. ‘Having knowledge or experience is not what makes a nurse excellent; enlarging your professional knowledge continuously, and sharing knowledge does’ [FG5].

Being empathic was regarded as being essential by the six focus groups. ‘Every nurse needs to be empathic’ [FG1–6], and the capability of being professional and empathic in the most stressful situations can be considered as being oriented towards excellence. Being empathic and possessing a holistic approach often appeared in the same context. ‘Having polite and empathic expressions while doing the right things under high pressure; that’s excellent’ [FG3].

Evidence-driven

Improving opportunities to change or ameliorating interventions based on scientific evidence is considered as a trait of ‘higher educated or excellent nurses’ [FG3] and not to those who are more conventional. Exploiting scientific papers is generally not perceived as a normal nursing responsibility. ‘Locating the facilities to research nursing interventions that are determined as the best in clinical practice was, at times, associated with nurses’ career opportunities for the higher educated, outstanding ones’ was mentioned in one of the focus groups, further explaining: ‘In our institution, career chances in nursing science are achievable only by the excellent ones’ [FG5].

Initiating new and additional more efficient approaches in the work process and not primarily complying with protocols or all day work schedules can be regarded as being associated with excellence in nursing and was proposed in all of the focus groups. Innovation is rarely mentioned in the context of inventing and implementing novel materials, however, working with new materials in innovative procedures as an invigorating pioneer was indeed related to excellence.

Introspective

Self-reflecting on capabilities, searching for opportunities of personal improvement, and using feedback to stimulate accomplishment can be an indication of excellence according to all focus groups, i.e., ‘being able to reflect objectively on harsh critique’ [FG2] and ‘not to see it (criticism) personally but professionally’ [FG4]. Reflectivity was determined to be a significant personal characteristic for every nurse but is most often recognized in those that are excellent.

Excellent nurse versus expert

Participants in all of the focus group discussions agreed that a nurse can be an excellent professional without necessarily being an expert. The concept of being an expert is related to, being a specialist and to years of experience, according to the participants. A remarkable quote in this context is: ‘an expert can be an expert for a long time in one or two specialties, an excellent nurse always goes for an environment with challenges, new situations, and will never be bored’ [FG6]. Participants concurred that nurses are not required to have extensive experience to ask themselves: ‘Am I doing the right thing by using this protocol in this situation, or is this protocol outdated?’ However, a combination of experience and knowledge was considered as a precondition for nursing leadership. According to participants, excellent nurses strive to gain experience in a shorter period of time and learn quickly from others to afford performing in the same resourceful manner as experienced nurses. They do not strive for this in order to be competitive but, instead, to be prepared in the future and to take responsibility.

Based on the analysis, 36 items in nine domains were defined as characterizing an excellent nurse whereby a conceptual profile was created and referred to as “characteristics of an excellent nurse” (Fig. ​ (Fig.1). 1 ). The results of our study are generally in accordance with those of Higgs & Tichen [ 7 ] and Alsop [ 24 ] in that being reflective and analytical as well as sharing knowledge are considered characteristics of outstanding professionals. However, our delineations of what constitutes an excellent nurse are more detailed and specific. Moreover, several different opinions compared to literature were discovered.

An excellent nurse responds and performs appropriately in complex situations (e.g., stressful or unexpected situations) by employing an ensemble of particular competencies. Importantly, being empathic and having good communication skills were found to be essential for professional excellence in all six focus groups. In accordance with our findings, studies using empirical analyses of nurses and patients data also present effective communication and affective or interpersonal competence as key elements of quality nursing care [ 11 , 33 – 35 ]. Based on their findings, Johnston & Smith [ 34 ] indicate the necessity of mandatory interpersonal skills training for nurses who work in palliative care. In light of our study, we could broaden this recommendation for nurses involved in different wards of clinical hospital practice and mental health care. Sepasi et al. [ 36 ] describes professional excellence as being related to the power of achieving goals and contributing to the development of the profession. Corroborating our findings, the authors also report that in the perception of nurses, being cooperative, inspiring colleagues, disseminating knowledge and aiming to improve quality of care contribute to the feeling of power and consequently professional excellence [ 36 ].

Comparing our results to Benners’ development theory of becoming an expert nurse, participants were not of the opinion that experience is one of the most important issues as a novice nurse can be excellent as well [ 12 ]. According to our study, even as a beginner with a minimal level of experience, characteristics can be combined from the previously described nine domains. Participants’ opinions revealed that ‘spending a long time in nursing’ is more a predictor for an expert nurse rather than for an excellent nurse. Furthermore, participants indicated that a nurse specialist (i.e., a master educated nurse practitioner) can be an expert in a specialty area but not a superior coordinator or communicator and would, therefore, not be considered as an excellent nurse. On the contrary, a novice who has just completed nursing school may be able to combine characteristics distinctive of excellence, such as acting reasonably and empathically in rather complex clinical situations, and exchanging knowledge ‘as second nature’ [ 37 , 38 ].

In nursing, the field of excellence has been under study since the early 1970s. Several lists of competencies are related to nurses. However, our study delivers a concise list established in the view of nurses themselves. As we look, for instance, to the domains ‘communicative’, ‘cooperative’ and ‘introspective’, one can argue that competencies included in these domains can be seen as ‘regular skills’ and not explicitly referring to excellence. The ‘excellence factor’ might be found more clearly in an individual’s personal combinations, patterns and interrelationships of determinants among the domains and characteristics of the conceptual model, and not solely in the examination of each determinant. The conceptual profile might be beneficial when conducting research in larger groups that may provide more insight into strong combinations of competencies to be able to examine the concept ‘excellence in nursing’ more in depth.

Our focus group participants did not discuss in depth whether the features that characterize an excellent nurse could specify a nurse as ‘gifted’ or ‘outstanding’ and who is intelligent and capable by nature. According to Sternberg, a superior intelligence quotient (IQ) is not what makes one excellent. Cognitive and social expertise can be learned to some extent and is required in high quality job functioning [ 39 ]. The awareness of this assumption related to talent and excellence is of importance in higher education, especially in talent programs, such as honors programs, which are forthcoming in Europe and aiming to support student nurses to be able to use their talents and realize their full potential [ 40 , 41 ].

The results of our study may be important for comprehending how to invest in nursing staff in order to deliver improved quality care. It may also afford an opportunity to identify those nurses with a potential for excellence at an earlier stage [ 37 , 42 ]. For instance, the profile can be used as a reference for supervisors and professionals in the development of nurses in clinical practice. In educational settings, this profile may function as a guide against which students can evaluate themselves in the development of their professional identity. Future research is required to establish how the profile of an excellent nurse can be applied, for example, as a reflective model for students and novice professionals as well as a tool for curriculum development by guiding the development of learning goals in educational programs aiming for professional excellence.

Limitations of the study

This study was limited due to using a convenience (snowball) sample and only focusing on two specialties in nursing (hospital nurses and nurses in mental health care) within one country. Therefore, it was not feasible to estimate possible international and/or cultural dissimilarities in the findings which may limit the transferability. Furthermore, our study reflects the characteristics that distinguish an excellent nurse according to experienced nurses. Given that contemporary health care is focuses on patient- and family-centred care, excellence in nursing should also be defined from the patient and family perspective. Future research including these stakeholders may reveal different or additional competences that distinguish excellent nursing care.

Educating future nurses who are able to provide superior quality of care has become crucial due to the increasing complexity of the health care system in which nurses are required to practice. Experienced nurses and experts in the field of nursing regard competences related to the following characteristics as distinctive for an excellent nurse: analytical, communicative, cooperative, coordinating, disseminate knowledge, empathic, evidence-driven, innovative, and introspective. Establishing the characteristics distinctive for an excellent nurse positively influences the development of personal competences and professional identity, thereby increasing the quality of nursing care. It serves as a meaningful guideline for the development of educational programs in supporting talented students on their path of becoming the excellent nurse of the future. Educational practices based on guided reflection and a profile of what establishes an excellent nurse as an element of a nursing curriculum may inspire students to broadly improve their attitudes towards the goal of becoming an excellent nurse. This is of special interest for honors programs which aim to guide students to become the excellent professionals of the future. Moreover, this profile can play an important role in supporting talent development of regular students and professionals in health care institutions.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all of the participants involved in the focus groups as well as those involved in the expert panels.

The authors thank the Dutch Sirius organization for additional funding of the research project. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript.

Availability of data and materials

Authors’ contributions.

The study was conceived by WP, IW and MW. WP designed the study protocol. WP and IW contacted the participants to conduct the focus groups. The focus group sessions were completed by WP and IW. Analysis was performed by WP, IW, PR and MW. WP, PR, IW and MW prepared the initial manuscript. Revisions of the manuscript were performed by PR, WP, IW and MW. All authors read and approved the final manuscript before submission.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The authors declare that ethical approval by an ethical committee was not required for this study in the Netherlands.

Consent for publication

All of the participants gave written informed consent.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Contributor Information

Wolter Paans, Email: [email protected] .

Patricia Robbe, Email: [email protected] .

Inge Wijkamp, Email: [email protected] .

Marca V. C. Wolfensberger, Email: [email protected] .

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What to include: why i want to be a nurse essay.

Why do you want to be a nurse? What is your reason for entering the nursing profession? What drives you?

You will face these questions multiple times throughout your career, but there are two occasions in which answering them could actually define your career.

The first is when you apply to nursing school. You may be asked to complete an essay outlining why you want to become a nurse.

The second time is when you apply for a nursing position and answer that question as part of the interview process.

Whether you're applying for a nursing program or job, it's important to know how to address this question and what sort of answers work best.

What To Include In Your Nursing Essay

To create the perfect nursing essay, one that can help you get into nursing school or find your first job, follow the steps below:

Plan Your Nurse Essay

Before you start writing your nursing essay, think about what you want to include.

Jot down ideas that express your passion for the nursing profession, as well as any personal or familiar experience that led you to take this step.

Be honest. Be open. Summarize your story, highlight your goals, and think about what the nursing profession means to you.

All of these things will be important when structuring your essay.

Show an Emotional Connection to the Profession

Do you have any family members that worked as nurses or doctors? Did you care for a loved one during an illness? Did you require a lot of care at some point in your life?

If so, this should be your lead, and it's probably the most important part of your essay.

Nursing is a lucrative career. You can make a decent salary, enter numerous specialties, and even progress to opening your own practice. There is also a national nursing shortage, so you'll also have plenty of opportunities if you're willing to learn and work. But interviewers don't want to hear that you became a nurse to earn good money and pick up lots of overtime.

Think of it in the context of a talent show. We know that the contestants are there to get famous and make lots of money. But when they stand in front of the camera and appeal for votes, they talk about deceased parents/grandparents, changing their family's life for the better, and making a difference in the world.

It's easy to sympathize with someone who wants to follow in the footsteps of a beloved mother or make a grandparent proud. It's not as easy to sympathize with someone who just wants to drive a Bugatti and wear a Rolex.

Examples  :

"My mother is a nurse practitioner. I can see how happy the role makes her and how much it has changed her. I have looked up to her throughout my life and have always wanted to follow in her footsteps."

"I cared for my father when he was ill. I was able to comfort him and assist him in his time of need, and while it was very challenging, it always felt right to me and it's something I would love to do as a career."

Show That You Care

Like all health care workers, nurses are devoted to healing the sick. If you're not a people person, it's probably not the profession for you.

Make it clear that you're a caring person and are willing to devote your life to healing sick people. A good nurse also knows how to comfort distraught family members, so you may want to include this in your essay as well.

If you have any examples of times when you have helped others, include them. This is a good time to talk about volunteer work, as well as other occasions in which you have devoted your time to helping strangers.

"I feel a great sense of pride working with families and patients through difficult times. I like to know that I am making a difference in the lives of others."

"I want to become a nurse so that I can help others in their time of need. I chose nursing as a profession because I feel a great sense of accomplishment when helping others".

Share Your Aspirations

What are your goals for your nursing career? Do you want to become a nurse practitioner? Do you want to specialize as a nurse anesthetist, a critical care nurse, or focus more on pediatrics?

Nurses work across a range of specialties, and it's important to show that you are interested in continuing your education and developing to your full potential.

The goal is to show that you are determined. You are driven to succeed and to better yourself.

If you're just taking your first steps as a nursing student, now is a good time to research into specialties and get an idea of how you want your career to progress.

"I have always been drawn to the nursing profession because it's challenging, demanding, and interesting. I want to push myself every day, engaging my academic interests and satisfying my need to learn and improve as a person."

Describe Your Nursing Skills and Qualifications

If you're applying for an accelerated nursing program or a new nursing job, the interviewer will have access to your qualifications. But they won't know what those qualifications mean to you, what you learned from them, and how you can use them in your career.

It's about problem-solving skills, as well as academic work. It's about experience and personal growth, as well as knowledge acquisition.

This is a good time to talk about internships.

How Do You Write an Introduction to a Nurse Essay?

Starting is always the hardest part, but it's best not to overthink it.

Just start writing about why you want to become a nurse. Don't overthink it. Don't worry too much about the first word or sentence. Everything can be edited, and if you spend too long thinking about those first words, you'll never finish the essay.

Keep it simple, check your work, and edit it until it's perfect and says exactly what you want it to say.

How to Write a Nursing Essay with a Quick Guide

Ever felt the blank-page panic when assigned a nursing essay? Wondering where to start or if your words will measure up to the weight of your experiences? Fear not, because today, we're here to guide you through this process.

Imagine you're at your favorite coffee spot, armed with a cup of motivation (and maybe a sneaky treat). Got it? Great! Now, let's spill the secrets on how to spin your nursing tales into words that not only get you that A+ but also tug at the heartstrings of anyone reading. We've got your back with nursing essay examples that'll be your inspiration, an outline to keep you on the right path, and more!

What Is a Nursing Essay

Let's start by dissecting the concept. A nursing essay serves as a focused exploration of a specific aspect of nursing, providing an opportunity for students to demonstrate their theoretical knowledge and its practical application in patient care settings.

Picture it as a journey through the challenges and victories of a budding nurse. These essays go beyond the classroom, tackling everything from tricky ethical dilemmas to the impact of healthcare policies on the front lines. It's not just about grades; it's about proving, 'I'm ready for the real deal.'

So, when you read or write a nursing essay, it's not just words on paper. It's like looking into the world of someone who's about to start their nursing career – someone who's really thought about the ins and outs of being a nurse. And before you kick off your nursing career, don't shy away from asking - write my essay for me - we're ready to land a professional helping hand.

How to Start a Nursing Essay

When you start writing a nursing essay, it is like gearing up for a crucial mission. Here's your quick guide from our nursing essay writing service :

Choosing Your Topic: Select a topic that sparks your interest and relates to real-world nursing challenges. Consider areas like patient care, ethical dilemmas, or the impact of technology on healthcare.

Outline Your Route : Plan your essay's journey. Create a roadmap with key points you want to cover. This keeps you on track and your essay on point.

Craft a Strong Thesis: Assuming you already know how to write a hook , kick off your writing with a surprising fact, a thought-provoking quote, or a brief anecdote. Then, state your main argument or perspective in one sentence. This thesis will serve as the compass for your essay, guiding both you and your reader through the rest of your writing.

How to Structure a Nursing Essay

Every great essay is like a well-orchestrated performance – it needs a script, a narrative that flows seamlessly, capturing the audience's attention from start to finish. In our case, this script takes the form of a well-organized structure. Let's delve into the elements that teach you how to write a nursing essay, from a mere collection of words to a compelling journey of insights.

Nursing Essay Introduction

Begin your nursing essay with a spark. Knowing how to write essay introduction effectively means sharing a real-life scenario or a striking fact related to your topic. For instance, if exploring patient care, narrate a personal experience that made a lasting impression. Then, crisply state your thesis – a clear roadmap indicating the direction your essay will take. Think of it as a teaser that leaves the reader eager to explore the insights you're about to unfold.

In the main body, dive into the heart of your essay. Each paragraph should explore a specific aspect of your topic. Back your thoughts with examples – maybe a scenario from your clinical experience, a relevant case study, or findings from credible sources. Imagine it as a puzzle coming together; each paragraph adds a piece, forming a complete picture. Keep it focused and let each idea flow naturally into the next.

Nursing Essay Conclusion

As writing a nursing essay nears the end, resist the urge to introduce new elements. Summarize your main points concisely. Remind the reader of the real-world significance of your thesis – why it matters in the broader context of nursing. Conclude with a thought-provoking statement or a call to reflection, leaving your reader with a lasting impression. It's like the final scene of a movie that leaves you thinking long after the credits roll.

Nursing Essay Outline

Before diving into the essay, craft a roadmap – your outline. This isn't a rigid skeleton but a flexible guide that ensures your ideas flow logically. Consider the following template from our research paper writing service :

Introduction

• Opening Hook: Share a brief, impactful patient care scenario.
• Relevance Statement: Explain why the chosen topic is crucial in nursing.
• Thesis: Clearly state the main argument or perspective.

Patient-Centered Care:

• Definition: Clarify what patient-centered care means in nursing.
• Personal Experience: Share a relevant encounter from clinical practice.
• Evidence: Integrate findings from reputable nursing literature.

Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Practice

• Scenario Presentation: Describe a specific ethical challenge faced by nurses.
• Decision-Making Process: Outline steps taken to address the dilemma.
• Ethical Frameworks: Discuss any ethical theories guiding the decision.

Impact of Technology on Nursing

• Current Trends: Highlight technological advancements in nursing.
• Case Study: Share an example of technology enhancing patient care.
• Challenges and Benefits: Discuss the pros and cons of technology in nursing.
• Summary of Key Points: Recap the main ideas from each section.
• Real-world Implications: Emphasize the practical significance in nursing practice.
• Closing Thought: End with a reflective statement or call to action.

A+ in Nursing Essays Await You!

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Nursing Essay Examples

Here are the nursing Essay Examples for you to read.

Writing a Nursing Essay: Essential Tips

When it comes to crafting a stellar nursing essay, a few key strategies can elevate your work from ordinary to exceptional. Here are some valuable tips from our medical school personal statement writer :

Connect with Personal Experiences:

• Approach: Weave personal encounters seamlessly into your narrative.
• Reasoning: This not only adds authenticity to your essay but also serves as a powerful testament to your firsthand understanding of the challenges and triumphs in the nursing field.

Emphasize Critical Thinking:

• Approach: Go beyond describing situations; delve into their analysis.
• Reasoning: Nursing essays are the perfect platform to showcase your critical thinking skills – an essential attribute in making informed decisions in real-world healthcare scenarios.

Incorporate Patient Perspectives:

• Approach: Integrate patient stories or feedback into your discussion.
• Reasoning: By bringing in the human element, you demonstrate empathy and an understanding of the patient's experience, a core aspect of nursing care.

Integrate Evidence-Based Practice:

• Approach: Support your arguments with the latest evidence-based literature.
• Reasoning: Highlighting your commitment to staying informed and applying current research underscores your dedication to evidence-based practice – a cornerstone in modern nursing.

Address Ethical Considerations:

• Approach: Explicitly discuss the ethical dimensions of your topic.
• Reasoning: Nursing essays provide a platform to delve into the ethical complexities inherent in healthcare, showcasing your ability to navigate and analyze these challenges.

Balance Theory and Practice:

• Approach: Connect theoretical concepts to real-world applications.
• Reasoning: By bridging the gap between theory and practice, you illustrate your capacity to apply academic knowledge effectively in the dynamic realm of nursing.

Highlight Interdisciplinary Collaboration:

• Approach: Discuss collaborative efforts with other healthcare professionals.
• Reasoning: Acknowledging the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare underscores your understanding of the importance of teamwork – a vital aspect of successful nursing practice.

Reflect on Lessons Learned:

• Approach: Conclude with a thoughtful reflection on personal growth or lessons from your exploration.
• Reasoning: This not only provides a satisfying conclusion but also demonstrates your self-awareness and commitment to continuous improvement as a nursing professional.

As we wrap up, think of your essay as a story about your journey into nursing. It's not just about getting a grade; it's a way to share what you've been through and why you want to be a nurse.

Imagine the person reading it – maybe a teacher, a future coworker, or someone starting their nursing journey. They're trying to understand your passion and why you care about nursing.

So, when you write, remember it's more than just an assignment. It's your chance to show why nursing matters to you. And if you ever need help – there's always support from our essay writer online .

Ready to Excel in Your Nursing School Essay?

Order now and experience the expertise of our professional writers!

How to Write a Nursing Essay?

How can a nursing essay effectively address ethical considerations, what are some examples of evidence-based practices in nursing essays.

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is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Nursing Essay Examples

Nursing Essay Examples That Will Help You Write a Stellar Paper

Published on: May 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 29, 2024

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Many nursing students struggle with writing effective nursing essays, which are an essential part of their education and professional development.

Poor essay writing skills can lead to low grades and an inability to effectively communicate important information.

This blog provides a comprehensive guide to writing nursing essays with examples and tips for effective writing. Whether you are a nursing student or a professional looking to improve your writing skills, this blog has something for you. 

By following the tips and examples provided, you can write compelling nursing essays that showcase your dedication to the field.

Let’s get started.

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What is a Nursing Essay?

A nursing essay is a type of academic writing that aims to explore a particular topic related to nursing. It also presents a clear and concise argument or viewpoint supported by evidence. 

Nursing essays can take many forms, including:

• Descriptive essays
• Reflective essays
• Analytical essays
• Persuasive essays

What is the Importance of the Nursing Essay?

Nursing essays are important for several reasons. First, they help nursing students develop critical thinking skills by requiring them to analyze and evaluate information.

Second, they help students develop research skills by requiring them to locate and use credible sources to support their arguments. 

Third, nursing essays help students develop communication skills by requiring them to present their ideas clearly and concisely in writing. Finally, nursing essays are important for nursing education because they prepare students for the types of writing.

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To help students better understand how to write nursing essays, it can be helpful to review examples.

Below are some examples of nursing essays.

Nursing School Essay Examples

College Nursing Essay Examples

Graduate Nursing Essay Examples

Nursing Scholarship Essay Examples

Nursing Essay Conclusion Examples

Nursing Essay Examples of Different Fields

Nursing is a diverse field with many different specialties and areas of focus. As a result, nursing essays can take many different forms and cover a wide range of topics. 

Given below are some examples of different types of nursing essays:

Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - Essay Examples

Cal State Fullerton Nursing Essay Examples

Evidence Based Practice Nursing In Medical Field - Essay Examples

Leadership In Nursing And Healthcare Professionals - Essay Examples

Principles Of Professional Practice Of Nursing Professionals And Pharmacists

If you're seeking additional examples of nursing essays, you're in luck! 

Below are some more examples that can help you gain a better understanding of nursing essays:

Health Care And Reflective Models For Nursing - Essay Examples

History Of Nursing Essay Examples

Ethical Dilemma In Nurses Work - Essay Examples

Mental Health Nursing Essay Examples

Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay

Working In A Team And Collaboration In Nursing

How to Write a Nursing Essay

Writing a nursing essay can seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can be a rewarding experience.

Here are the key steps involved in writing a nursing essay:

Understanding the Topic and Question

The first step in writing a nursing essay is to carefully read and understand the topic and question. 

This will help you determine what information you need to research and include in your essay. Make sure you understand any key terms or concepts related to the topic. Consider different perspectives or viewpoints that may be relevant.

Researching the Topic

Once you have a clear understanding of the topic and question, it's time to research. 

Start by gathering information from credible sources such as academic journals, textbooks, and government websites. 

Consider both primary and secondary sources, and make sure to take detailed notes as you read.

Organizing and Outlining the Essay

Once you have completed your research, it's time to organize your ideas and create an outline for your essay. 

Start by identifying the main points or arguments you want to make, and then organize them into a logical order that flows well. 

Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Writing the Essay

With your outline in place, it's time to start writing your essay. Make sure to follow your outline closely, and use clear and concise language that effectively communicates your ideas. 

Use evidence from your research to support your arguments, and cite your sources appropriately.

Editing and Revising the Essay

Once you have completed a first draft of your essay, take some time to edit and revise it. Look for any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation, and make sure your essay is well-organized and flows well. 

Consider asking a peer or instructor to review your essay and provide feedback.

What To Include In Your Nursing Essay

When writing a nursing essay, there are several key elements that you should include. Here are some important things to keep in mind:

• Introduction

Your introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and purpose of your essay. It should also include a clear thesis statement that presents your main argument or point of view.

• Background Information

Provide some background information on the topic to help the reader better understand the context of your essay. This can include relevant statistics, historical information, or other contextual details.

• Evidence and Examples

Use evidence and examples from your research to support your arguments and demonstrate your knowledge of the topic. Make sure to cite your sources appropriately and use a variety of sources to strengthen your argument.

• Analysis and Evaluation

Provide analysis and evaluation of the evidence and examples you've presented. This can include discussing strengths and weaknesses, comparing and contrasting different viewpoints, or offering your own perspective on the topic.

Your conclusion should summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis statement. It should also offer some final thoughts or suggestions for further research or action.

Nursing Essay Topic Ideas

Choosing a topic for your nursing essay can be challenging, but there are many areas in the field that you can explore. Here are some nursing essay topic ideas to consider:

• The role of technology in nursing practice
• The impact of cultural diversity on healthcare delivery
• Nursing leadership and management in healthcare organizations
• Ethical issues in nursing practice
• The importance of patient-centered care in nursing practice
• The impact of evidence-based practice on nursing care
• The role of nursing in promoting public health
• Nursing education and the importance of lifelong learning
• The impact of nursing shortages on healthcare delivery
• The importance of communication in nursing practice

These are just a few ideas to get you started. You can also explore other topics related to nursing that interest you or align with your academic or professional goals. 

Remember to choose a topic that is relevant, interesting, and feasible to research and write about.

Tips for Writing an Effective Nursing Essay

Writing a successful nursing essay requires careful planning, research, and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you write an effective nursing essay:

• Writing Concisely and Clearly

Nursing essays should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or technical terms. Use simple language and short sentences to help ensure that your ideas are communicated clearly and effectively.

• Stating a Clear Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement should clearly state your main argument and provide a roadmap for the rest of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and located at the end of your introduction.

• Using Proper Citation and Referencing

Citing and referencing your sources is crucial in any academic writing, including nursing essays. Make sure to use proper citation and referencing styles, such as APA or MLA. Include a reference list or bibliography at the end of your essay.

• Seeking Feedback and Revising

Before submitting your nursing essay, seek feedback from peers, professors, or writing tutors. Use their feedback to revise and improve your essay. Make sure that it is well-structured, coherent, and effectively communicates your point of view.

By following these tips, you can write a nursing essay that demonstrates your knowledge and skills in the field.

In conclusion, writing a successful nursing essay requires careful planning, research, and attention to detail. 

To showcase your knowledge in the field of nursing, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic at hand. When writing your nursing essay, be sure to include relevant examples, incorporate current research, and use proper citation and referencing. 

And remember , seeking feedback and revising your essay is key to ensuring that it effectively communicates your ideas and arguments.

If you need help with your nursing essay or any other type of academic writing, consider using our AI essay writer . 

Our nursing essay writing service can provide personalized support to help you succeed in your academic goals.

So, why wait? Contact us to get college essay writing help today! 

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Writing Tips for Nursing School Students

• Nursing School Writing Types
• Writing a Nursing Essay
• Citations Guide
• Common Writing Mistakes
• Writing Resources

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Writing is an essential skill nurses should achieve proficiency in early in their career. It is a crucial part of the profession, as nurses need to be able to effectively communicate with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals.

While verbal communication also plays a vital role in nursing, being able to write well builds the nurse’s ability to provide better care.

Being able to accurately detail a patient’s personal history, symptoms, and diagnosis allows for the execution of a precise treatment plan that is clearly communicated to all parties involved, both professional and personal.

From registered nurses to clinical nurses and beyond, being able to communicate effectively and efficiently is a critical soft skill that will help nurses in any role increase their ability to treat their patients.

This guide provides an overview of the types of writing nurses will experience throughout their educational training. Utilize the following tips and tricks to help strengthen your writing skills, which will ultimately help in the development of transferable career skills .

Types of Writing Nurses Will Do in School

Personal statements for nursing school.

Nursing schools want candidates who meet academic and professional requirements. They also want a candidate who demonstrates a sincere passion for patient care and individual connections. You should always craft a personal statement, even when the application doesn’t explicitly require one. Personal statements allow you to describe your goals, characteristics, credentials, volunteer work, and meaningful life experiences. A well-crafted essay can help you stand out among other qualified applicants. And, as with any piece of writing, you must take the time to revise.

In your personal statement, you should portray yourself as determined and empathetic, with characteristics, goals, work ethic, and healthcare philosophy that align with a program’s values. Some nursing schools ask for a general personal statement, while others require a specific prompt. Colleges commonly ask students to describe a hardship they overcame, a difficult task they accomplished, or a professional goal they hope to achieve through the program. Many schools also ask students to detail previous experiences in healthcare. You may decide to write about how you connect with patients or how you provide practical and emotional support to loved ones.

You will also encounter writing prompts during examinations, including standardized tests like the GRE or MCAT, nursing school entrance exams , and course-specific evaluations. You may also take exams to get state licensure or professional certification. In most of these instances, you will need to write one or several long-form essays. Proper planning is key. Though you won’t know what specific prompt the test will require, you can expect certain common topics. You can search online or use study guides to determine which prompts usually appear on each test.

On test day, you should begin by creating an outline that lists three main points in response to the prompt. Using these points, work backwards to write a central thesis to guide the essay’s structure. Review what you’ve written to ensure that the essay actually responds to the prompt at hand. Be sure to leave time to correct spelling, grammar, and stylistic errors.

Research Papers

Like essays, research papers follow a long-form structure. Unlike an essay, which heavily relies on the writer’s point of view, a research paper presents an in-depth investigation of a topic using data, expert opinions, and insights. While an essay evaluates general critical thinking and writing skills, a research paper tests your knowledge, research skills, and original contributions. Research papers also allow you to prove you understand what has been argued and discovered about a topic. Research papers, especially at the graduate and doctoral levels, require independent research and analyses. These papers sometimes take months or years to complete.

To write a successful research paper, you should pick a topic relevant to your interests and the nursing field. Possibilities include elderly care challenges, patient safety and ethics, mental health treatment and regulations in the U.S., and nursing shortages and possible solutions. Whatever your choice, you must plan accordingly. Advanced papers such as dissertations may require funding or help from professors. Research papers often consist of the following sections: abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. You should keep this general structure in mind as you prepare notes and outlines.

How Do You Write a Nursing Essay?

In nursing school, essay writing includes academic papers, personal narratives, and professional compositions. You should become familiar with each of the five major forms below. There are many similarities between these essay types, such as an overarching thesis and a supportive, logical structure. You should support claims with factual, statistical, anecdotal, and rhetorical evidence. However, each form requires distinct skills to achieve specific results.

Comparative

Cause and effect, citations guide for nursing students.

Citations allow readers to know where information came from. By citing sources, you avoid plagiarizing or stealing another person’s ideas, research, language, and analyses. Whether intentional or unintentional, plagiarism is one of the most egregious errors one can make. Consequences for plagiarism include automatic course failure, disciplinary actions from the university, and even legal repercussions. You should take special care to ensure you properly cite sources.

American Psychological Association (APA) Style

APA is the most commonly used style among natural scientists, social scientists, educators, and nurses. Like other citation styles, APA emphasizes clarity of font style, font size, spacing, and paragraph structure. APA citations focus on publication date, and in most cases, the date comes right after the author’s name. This order makes the style particularly useful for scientists, who value new research and updates on current findings. For more information on APA style, visit this official website .

(Author and year of publication, page number) “Punishment, then, will tend to become the most hidden part of the penal process” (Foucault, 1977, p. 9).

Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

CMS (also known as CMOS or, simply, Chicago) features two citation systems, the notes and bibliography, and the author and date. This style is used primarily by historians, who place high importance on a text’s origin. The notes and bibliography include a superscript number with a corresponding footnote or endnote. Scientific professionals use the author and date citation, a generic parenthetical system with similarities to other citation styles. The CMS official website provides additional information, including changes to citation systems in the current edition.

“Punishment, then, will tend to become the most hidden part of the penal process”. 1 1. Michel Foucault, trans. Alan Sheridan, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Pantheon Books, 1977), 9.

(Author and year of publication, page number) “Punishment, then, will tend to become the most hidden part of the penal process” (Foucault 1977, 9).

Modern Language Association (MLA) Format

MLA format traces its history to 1951 when it was first published as a thin booklet. Today, MLA is the primary format used by academics and professionals in humanities, English, literature, media studies, and cultural studies. To adapt to the rapid growth of new mediums over the past few decades, MLA updates its citation system. Visit the MLA Style Center for in-depth information on new guidelines and ongoing changes. In general, in text citations consist of author and page number, or just page number if the author’s name appears in the text.

(Author and page number) “Punishment, then, will tend to become the most hidden part of the penal process” (Foucault 9).

Associated Press (AP) Style

Published in 1952, the original AP Stylebook was marketed to journalists and other professionals related to the Associated Press. AP now stands as the go-to style for professionals in business, public relations, media, mass communications, and journalism. AP style prioritizes brevity and accuracy. The style includes specific guidelines regarding technological terms, titles, locations, and abbreviations and acronyms. Unlike the previous styles, AP does not use parenthetical or in-text citations. Rather, writers cite sources directly in the prose. For more information, including style-checking tools and quizzes, visit the Associated Press Stylebook .

In the book, “Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison,” first published in English in 1977, philosopher Michel Foucault argues that “Punishment, then, will tend to become the most hidden part of the penal process”.

Which Style Should Nursing Students Use?

Because nurses rely on scientific terms and information, professionals in the field usually use APA style. Regardless of the purpose and specific genre of your text, you should always strive for concise, objective, and evidenced-based writing. You can expect to learn APA style as soon as you enroll in a major course. However, you should also prepare to learn other styles as part of your academic training. For example, freshman composition classes tend to focus on MLA guidelines.

Common Writing Mistakes Students Make

Active vs. passive voice.

Active and passive voice represent two different ways to present the same piece of information. Active voice focuses on the subject performing an action. For example, the dog bites the boy. This format creates clear, concise, and engaging writing. Using active voice, nurses might write, I administered patient care at 11:00. Passive voice, on the other hand, focuses on the object of the sentence or the action being performed. For example, the boy was bitten by the dog. A passive sentence is usually one that contains the verb “to be.” Using passive voice, you might write, patient care was administered at 11:00.

Professionals in the sciences often use passive voice in their writing to create an objective tone and authorial distance. Passive voice can prioritize specific terms, actions, evidence, or research over the writer’s presence. Additionally, nurses use passive voice because it is usually clear that the reported thoughts, actions, and opinions come from them. However, you must also learn how to use active voice.

Punctuation

There are 14 punctuation marks in the English language, each with multiple and sometimes overlapping uses. Additionally, certain punctuation marks only make sense in highly specific and nuanced grammatical instances. To master punctuation, you must learn through practice, particularly by revising your own writing.

For example, colons and semicolons are often used interchangeably, when they actually serve distinct purposes. Generally used before itemized lists, colons stand in for the phrases “here is what I mean” or “that is to say.” For example, I am bringing three things to the picnic: applesauce, napkins, and lemonade. Semicolons separate two independent clauses connected through topic or meaning. For example, It was below zero; Ricardo wondered if he would freeze to death. Comma splices, which create run on sentences, are another common mistake. You can identify a comma splice by learning the differences between an independent and dependent clause.

Grammar refers to the rules of a particular language system. Grammar determines how users can structure words and form sentences with coherent meaning. Aspects include syntax (the arrangement of words to convey their mutual relations in a sentence) and semantics (how individual words and word groups are understood). Unless you major in writing, literature, etymology, or another related field, you generally won’t examine English grammar deeply. Through years of cognitive development and practice, native users implicitly understand how to effectively employ the language.

Distinct grammatical systems exist for each language and, sometimes, even within a single language. For example, African American Vernacular English uses different syntactic rules than General American English. You should learn grammatical terms and definitions. Common errors include subject/verb agreement, sentence fragments, dangling modifiers, and vague or incorrect pronoun usage. Hasty writers can also misuse phonetically similar words (your/you’re, its/it’s, and there/their/they’re).

Writing Resources for Nursing Students

Apa style central, reviewed by:.

Shrilekha Deshaies, MSN, RN

Shri Deshaies is a nurse educator with over 20 years of experience teaching in hospital, nursing school, and community settings. Deshaies’ clinical area of expertise is critical care nursing and she is a certified critical care nurse. She has worked in various surgical ICUs throughout her career, including cardiovascular, trauma, and neurosurgery.

Shri Deshaies is a paid member of our Healthcare Review Partner Network. Learn more about our review partners here .

Page last reviewed November 30, 2021

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Nursing is one of the most professionally, personally, and spiritually rewarding careers there is.

People are driven to a career in nursing for a variety of reasons. Carson-Newman wanted to better understand and document some of these reasons, which is why we reached out to 15 registered nurses, including three of our own FNP students, to get their perspectives on a simple question: What do you find most rewarding about a career in nursing ?

Read on to discover some of the responses we received and compare these answers to your own experience.

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Nancy brook, rn, msn, cfnp.

'One of the most rewarding aspects of a career in nursing is the ability to connect with our patients on such an intimate level. While we often meet under very difficult circumstances—being present as people face serious health challenges or injuries, witnessing the moment of birth or the end of life—we get to know our patients very quickly and have the opportunity to play an important role in their lives.

"I became a nurse so that I could have an impact on the lives of others and have a career that felt very meaningful . After 25 years of helping patients and their families navigate cancer and mentoring new nurses, I believe that at the end of the day, no matter how challenging, I have impacted someone's life for the better."

Catherine Burger, RN, MS, MSOL, NEA-BC

"What I find to be the most rewarding about being a nurse is the numerous career paths that are available within the profession. For example, in my nearly 30-year career I have been blessed to work in labor and delivery, the Intensive Care Unit, home health, informatics, leadership, clinical practice, and ambulatory care. As a contributing writer for registerednursing.org, I now get to educate my colleagues and future nurses on current events and issues.

"I initially chose a nursing career just out of high school as I wanted to work in the field of medicine, and I knew I could complete the degree within two years. After many years and many advanced degrees, I still love being of help to people at all stages of life. I am very proud of my nursing profession and I love that nurses are still the most trusted profession to the public: a responsibility we should never take for granted."

Elizabeth Mason, RN, MSN - Carson-Newman FNP Student

"After working for a while, I went back to school and became a nursing instructor in the classroom and clinical. It is the perfect balance of hands-on patient care and teaching the next generation of nurses. I love [when] my students have that "ah-ha" moment as they put together the big picture of the patient, their diagnosis, medications, and treatment plans. I love seeing the growth of new nursing students to their preceptorship. It is always a blessing to see them in the hospital later as nurses succeeding at their calling."

Sandy Griffin, LPN, CHPLN

"I really love going to bed knowing I made a difference. As an LPN at a hospice, that difference is usually making sure our patients are as comfortable as possible, but we often have the opportunity to help the patients' families too. It's satisfying to know they feel more at ease after they see the care we provide.

"I chose a nursing career partially because I loved biology and anatomy and partially to have a career with which I could support myself and be independent. The further I got into my nursing education, I realized how rewarding it was to be able to make people who are sick and uncomfortable feel better, even if it's just a little. Treating people with kindness and respect goes a long way. I found my nursing career home in hospice. It hasn't always been easy, but it has always been worth it.

"I have loved empowering and supporting patients and families to know that they are able to get through anything. Working for a hospice agency, I have been able to help patients have dignity at some of the most vulnerable times in their lives. Being with patients and their families at the end of life is a privilege. It has been an honor to have been with so many at that time.

"I also love the pride I feel in my work. Being a nurse is one of the most challenging jobs someone could do. It's physically and mentally demanding at times. However, at the end of the day, you feel amazing satisfaction and pride. Being able to help those in need for a living is unlike any other profession."

MaryAnn Ciambriello, RN, BSN

"The most rewarding thing about being a nurse is making a difference in the lives of others. It may be your patients, their families, or your students. Nursing offers us so many arenas to practice in. As an RN, I have worked in the delivery room, in home care, in a prison, as a high school nurse, and as the director of nurses in assisted living facilities. Now, I am the owner of a few businesses.

"What motivated me to be an RN? My dad chose my profession for me. I was studying business in college and he thought that I should become an RN. So, like any good daughter, I dropped my business studies and became an RN; however, I did go back to complete two business degrees.

"What do I love about nursing? I love that this profession allows us the opportunity to work in so many diverse areas. We are not pigeonholed into just the hospital—the sky's the limit in this profession.

"In nursing, you just have to follow your passion and purpose and stay true to yourself. Always remember to have empathy and to give the best care possible."

Shantay Carter, RN, BSN

"Knowing that my care, touch, voice, and time can help a patient make it through the night is one of the most rewarding feelings. Sometimes, it's the little things that you do for your patient that make a difference. The nursing profession has opened so many doors for me. It has allowed me to become an author and run a successful non-profit organization that addresses the needs in my community. My specialty is orthopedics and trauma, and I love working in this area."

Lauren Mochizuki, RN, BSN

"What I find most rewarding about my career as a nurse is that I have the opportunity to help people in their most vulnerable, and unexpected, moments. For some, coming to the emergency department can be one of the worst days of their lives. As their nurse, my job is to make them feel safe, comfortable, and cared for.

"There are many things that motivated me to choose nursing as a career. First, I love people. I love chatting with them, being around them, and taking care of them—it is very fulfilling to my soul. The second reason is that the schedule is wonderful for being a mother. I now have the opportunity to work per diem and work around my husband's schedule so I can spend lots of time with our children.

"Lastly, I love that it provides great compensation so that I can contribute to my family financially. Five years ago, my husband and I paid off $266,000 of debt, and I am so thankful for my various nursing jobs that allowed me to work to reach this goal. I also love the culture of nursing in my emergency department. It feels like we understand each other, like we can look at each other in a certain way and know what we are thinking. We can sense when something is wrong in each other or celebrate our personal victories. I have the privilege to work among great nurses and that makes the entire shift more enjoyable."

Cynthia Attaway, RN, MSN - Carson-Newman FNP Student

"I am a part time nursing instructor for a community college, and the first to be allowed in the acute hospital setting. The human connection cannot be experienced in simulation and observing the science of human caring was emotional during the pandemic.

"Nursing is the best—high technology, and high touch."

Chris Caulfield, RN, NP-C

"As a nurse, I have a flexible career that allows me to pursue my passions while also having a significant positive impact on patients at need. I was initially attracted to the nursing profession as I loved working with the elderly and had a strong interest in human physiology. There were flexible nursing programs in my local area that were affordably priced, so it was easy for me to start my RN program. I was also very excited by the opportunities to obtain advanced practice certifications and licenses through distanced-based programs that were flexible and could work around my personal commitments.

"Throughout my nursing career, I've had the great opportunity to work in many different fields including long-term care, psychiatric nursing, urgent care, labor relations, and nursing informatics. As you work in different specialties, your knowledge continues to grow and your ability to think outside the box increases. As an advanced practice nurse (FNP-C), I've gained a deeper understanding of the health care system, which had a significant contribution in leading me to success in my most recent venture-backed technology startup. I've been able to take this knowledge and create a system that focuses on allowing nurses to work a flexible schedule via their mobile app, while also helping to address the staffing shortage crises experienced in long-term care facilities.

"Over the past three years, I've had over 10,000 nursing professionals join my organization to pick up shifts on the side. With almost unlimited opportunities, I continue to recommend the nursing profession to countless numbers of family members, friends, and acquaintances. I've yet to find another career choice that allows the flexibility and options that nursing does."

Tina Baxter, APRN, GNP-BC

"As a nurse, I have the privilege of helping others when they are the most vulnerable. I witness some of their greatest triumphs and their greatest defeats. There is nothing better than attending a birth, holding the hand of someone who is dying, or helping someone achieve a better life through improving their health. It is a legacy that will live on long after you are gone. The patients and families will remember your warm smile, your gentle touch, the knowledge you shared, and the fact that you cared for them.

"As a student in health care, I realized I was more concerned about how a person got ill and how to prevent it, rather than just how to treat it. I wanted to understand how I could help a person not only get healthy but stay healthy. That's what nurses do. We teach our patients to take care of themselves and to optimize their health.

"One of the things I love about being a nurse is that this career is flexible . I have been a bedside nurse, a nursing professor, a mentor, a supervisor/manager/charge nurse, an entrepreneur, a nurse scientist, a nurse educator, a legal nurse consultant, a wellness practitioner, a nurse practitioner, and coming soon, a nurse author with my first book. I would say that being a nurse is pretty fabulous."

Andrea Tran, RN, IBCLC

"The most rewarding thing I have found about being a nurse is the personal connection that I am able to make with patients. No matter how long it has been, a patient remembers their nurse. They may or may not remember the nurse's name, but they remember if they were kind and compassionate. A good nurse always is.

"I became a nurse in response to nothing short of "a calling." I was visiting my grandmother with my mother. She had gone into another room to visit with someone else she knew, and I went to get her. I noticed that the other patient in the room was in a lot of pain, and I had such a strong and deep desire to help them. I decided then and there that I would become a nurse.

"I have spent my entire career with women during the childbearing period. It is mostly wonderful, but when it is not, it is terrible.

"Getting to share in the joy of a new family creates so much happiness. Helping new parents step into their new world with education and support puts me in my happy place."

Nancy Congleton, RN, Author

"What initially motivated me to become a nurse was that my husband and I were sinking financially. We both worked full time, our home was small and affordable, our vehicles were not brand new, and yet we were barely making it. At a young age I found myself intrigued by the medical profession and, after discovering that I could have my associate's degree in nursing and become an RN in approximately three years, I went for it. What started as a financial necessity has become so much more. I thoroughly enjoy caring for my patients and love mentoring new nurses.

"The things I love most about being a nurse include the variety of areas to practice in, the constant opportunities to focus on others, and those 12-hour shifts! If I had to go back to a Monday–Friday schedule, I don't know if I'd survive!"

Megan McHatten, RN, BSN, CNOR

"As an operating room nurse at a trauma center, there are times that can be pretty stressful and fast paced. Recently, a trauma was called and about six of us rushed to the OR to set up. All we typically know during these events are the very basics, and in this case, a motor vehicle accident had occurred, and we needed to do an exploratory laparotomy. Within about two minutes, we had the supplies and instruments opened, scrub techs were setting up, and anesthesia was getting ready. I looked around and was so proud to be a part of a team that could, within minutes, be ready to potentially save someone's life. Those are times when I am proud to be a perioperative nurse and I find them especially rewarding.

"What motivated me to choose this career? High demand, good pay, multiple specialties to work in, the ability to move forward with my career if I choose (i.e. nurse practitioner, administration) and the feeling of making a difference.

"I love the feeling when our team has a great surgical case, and everyone is working together like a well-oiled machine. I love knowing that many of my patients will begin their healing journey in my OR. I love the endless amount of learning and science that the health care field offers."

Maria Kindrai, RN, MSN - Carson-Newman FNP Student

"As a nurse, I have learned to appreciate every moment spent at the bedside of a patient.  Caring for others has always been a priority but during a pandemic it has been heightened.  This one on one time with someone is certainly time when both the patient and the nurse have the opportunity for growth and to learn from one another."

Donna Mathezing, RN

"30 years of being a nurse and I have never had a regret about my career choice. I knew when I was five years old that helping people and talking with them was what I was meant to do.

"I have worked in all critical care areas from emergency to the cardiovascular ICU to the general systems ICU; I now work in the post-operative care unit and have 10 years of experience flying with our air ambulance service in a helicopter. I get to make a profound difference every single day. That profound difference is different for every patient, depending on what they need from me at their time of need. That could be something simple like holding a hand, letting them cry on my shoulder, giving pain medications so their loved one is comfortable, or just reassuring them that we will take care of them!

"Being with people at what is sometimes the worst moments of their lives or the best moments (diagnosis is negative or the birth of a baby) is a privilege and one I take very seriously. Being with a family as their loved one is passing away is the ultimate compliment for a nurse. Death is a sacred and scary time for many, and to be allowed within that sacred circle to offer support and comfort is what is rewarding about nursing.

"If I can walk away after my shift knowing that I have eased a person's worry or fear and brought some sort of peace to them, then my day is fulfilled. And the best part of that is that I get many opportunities every day that I work."

Learn more about Carson-Newman's online nursing programs for registered nurses with their bachelor's or master's.

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How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction

by ella | Feb 11, 2024 | Medical and Health

Writing an essay starts with making a good introduction. The introduction helps grab the reader’s attention and explains what the essay will be about. In nursing, it’s important to make your introduction clear, interesting, and related to healthcare. This article will guide you on how to write a nursing essay introduction step by step, making it easier to create a good start to your essay. Through simple tips and explanations, you’ll learn how to catch your reader’s interest and prepare them for what you will discuss in your essay. Introductory Paragraph Definition The introductory paragraph is the first part of your essay that readers see. It’s like a door to your essay. When readers go through it, they get to know what topic you’ll be talking about. This paragraph helps catch readers’ attention and gives them a reason to keep reading. It often starts with something interesting, like a surprising fact or a short story. Then, it briefly explains the topic of your essay. Finally, it states your main point or argument, a thesis statement. The introductory paragraph sets the ground for everything else in your essay, making it crucial for getting your readers interested and understanding what to expect as they read on. How Long Should an Introduction Be? When you write an essay, the introduction is the starting point where you tell your readers what the essay is about. Now, how long should this introduction be? A good rule is to make it about 8% to 9% of your essay’s total words. So, if your essay is 1000 words, the introduction would be around 80 to 90 words long. Why this length? Well, it’s long enough to give your readers a clear idea about your topic and get them interested, but not too long that it gets boring or gives away too much information. It’s just the right length to introduce your topic, grab the reader’s attention, and tell them your main argument, the thesis statement, without diving into the main points you’ll discuss in the rest of the essay. What Makes a Good Introduction A good introduction acts like a map that guides your readers into the main part of your essay. Here’s what makes an introduction good:

Catches Attention: A good introduction starts with something interesting to catch your reader’s attention, like a surprising fact, a question, or a short story.

Introduces the Topic: It tells your readers what the essay is about clearly and simply.

Has a Thesis Statement: A good introduction includes a thesis statement and a clear and strong point or argument you will make in your essay. It tells the reader what to expect as they read on.

Not Too Long or Short: It should be just the right essay length, not too long to lose interest, and not too short to miss important information.

Engaging: It should make your readers want to read more. It’s like inviting them into your essay, making them curious about what comes next.

Clear and to the Point: It should be clear, straightforward, and concise so readers can easily understand what the essay will discuss.

Previews What’s Coming: A good introduction previews what topics or points will be covered in the essay without giving away too much.

What Are the 3 Parts of an Introduction Paragraph? The introduction paragraph is important as it helps the reader understand what your essay will be about. It’s made up of three main parts: Part 1: Essay Hook The essay hook in the introduction of a nursing essay acts as a catalyst to ignite the reader’s curiosity and ensure they continue reading. In nursing, this initial hook carries a particular significance as it provides a window into a field that is as emotionally charged as it is technical.  For instance, in a nursing essay focused on patient care, the hook might take the form of a compelling narrative of a nurse’s experience on a hectic night shift. The activities in a ward, the emotions of patients and their families, and amidst it all, the steadfast presence of a nurse could be the scene set as the hook. This imagery captures the essence of nursing and resonates with the reader, drawing them into the narrative. Similarly, if the essay is geared towards exploring the evolving role of nurses in modern healthcare, the hook could present a stark statistic highlighting the growing responsibilities shouldered by nurses. Through the hook, the readers are not merely observers but become emotionally invested, making the subsequent exploration of the nursing profession deeply engaging and insightful. The 5 Types of Hooks for Writing Here are some simple ways to create a hook in your essay:

A Common Misconception: This is about sharing many people’s false beliefs or misunderstandings and correcting them. Example: “Many believe that nurses only follow doctors’ orders, but they make crucial decisions that impact patient care daily.”

Statistics: Sharing a surprising or interesting number or data related to your topic. Example: “Research shows that nurses spend up to 60% of their time on paperwork, taking them away from patient care.”

Personal Story: Telling a brief story from real life or your own experience that connects to your essay topic. Example: “My sister’s caring nature as a nurse brought comfort to fearful patients, making me realize the emotional impact nurses have.”

Scenes: Painting a picture with words about a certain scene or situation related to your topic. Example: “Imagine a busy hospital ward, nurses swiftly moving from one patient to another, showcasing their ability to multitask and provide personalized care.”

Thesis Statement: Stating the main point or argument of your essay in a clear and precise way. Example: “This essay will delve into the indispensable role of nurses in improving the patient experience and healthcare outcomes.”

Part 2: Connections “Connections” in an introduction represent the bridge between the initial hook and the main topic or thesis of the essay. This section further draws the reader into the central theme by establishing context, relevance, and the importance of the subject. It ensures the reader isn’t left hanging after the hook, making the transition smoother. In nursing essays, connections might explore why a particular misconception, statistic, or story (from the hook) is significant to the broader world of nursing or healthcare. For example, suppose the hook was a statistic about the number of hours nurses spend with patients. In that case, the connection might discuss the significance of nurse-patient interactions, how they are at the heart of patient care, or how they can significantly influence a patient’s recovery and overall hospital experience. In essence, the “connections” part links the specific instance or fact from the hook to the broader implications or themes you’re about to explore in your essay, ensuring the reader understands why what they’re about to read matters. Part 3: The Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the most important part of an introduction paragraph. It is usually the last sentence of the introduction. The thesis statement clearly states the main idea or argument of the entire essay in one concise sentence. It answers the prompt or question asked in the assignment.  The thesis sets up the entire essay by establishing the focus and purpose of the writing. A good thesis statement is clear, focused, take a stand or position, and can be supported by evidence. The rest of the essay will provide details, facts, arguments, and evidence that support the thesis statement.  The thesis gives the essay direction and focus. The thesis statement must be narrow enough to fully cover the essay but broad enough for analysis and discussion. The reader should finish the introduction paragraph understanding exactly what the essay will be about based on the thesis statement. Steps to Write an Essay Introduction Here are the steps to write an effective nursing essay introduction: Step 1. Engage Your Reader The opening sentence or “hook” of an introduction paragraph grabs the reader’s attention. A strong hook makes the reader interested and want to keep reading. Here are some tips for engaging the reader right from the start:

Ask a thought-provoking question

Use an interesting, shocking, or intriguing statistic

Open with a relevant quotation, anecdote, fact, news story, vivid description, or definition

Create a conversation, scenario, or narrative to draw the reader in

Use humor, irony, or an unusual perspective to surprise the reader

The goal is to create curiosity, emotion, and connection immediately so the reader feels invested. An engaging hook gives a reason to care about the topic and hooks the reader into wanting to read more. After an attention-grabbing beginning sentence, the introduction can provide context and background to transition smoothly into the essay’s main argument. But a strong, thoughtful hook comes first to capture interest and attention. Step 2. Give Background Information After grabbing the reader’s attention with an opening hook, the next step is to give some context and background information about the essay’s topic. The background should be brief but informative, helping the reader understand the topic and its significance.  The background information should be connected to and help frame the essay’s main argument. It allows the writer to define key terms, frame the scope, provide historical context, or share social/political background before transitioning to the essay’s thesis.  The goal is to orient the reader without overloading them with too many details at the start. A few concise but meaningful sentences of background can set the stage before delivering the essay’s central argument in the thesis statement. Step 3. Expose Your Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the most integral part of an introduction. It comes at the end of the intro paragraph and establishes the essay’s central argument or main point. The thesis directly responds to the prompt or question posed in the assignment. It lays out the essay’s key position and focus in one concise, declarative statement. All the background information should lead up to and frame this thesis. This thesis takes a clear stand while summarizing the main argument. The rest of the essay will provide evidence and analysis to support and develop this position. The thesis statement gives the reader insight into the essay’s purpose and direction. It must be argumentative, focused, and thoughtful – a signpost for the essay’s content. With an engaging hook, informative background, and clear thesis statement, an introduction orients readers and sets an essay up for success. Step 4. Draft Your Essay Structure After writing a solid thesis statement, the next step is to map out the main points supporting and developing that central argument throughout the essay. Planning the basic structure gives the writer a logical progression and flow for the essay’s body paragraphs. For example, each body paragraph could contain a major reason why the thesis is true. Drafting a basic outline ensures the essay will thoroughly explain the thesis. The structure provides organization and direction. While the outline may change as the essay develops, having a planned structure guides the writer. The introduction doesn’t need to preview the full outline, but the thesis should directly lead to the topics of the body paragraphs. This continuity reinforces the central argument and establishes the logical support and analysis to validate the essay’s claim. Step 5. Revise After drafting the introduction paragraph, including an opening hook, background information, thesis statement, and outline, the next step is to revise. Revising allows the writer to strengthen and refine the introduction. Here are tips for revising an essay introduction:

Make sure the hook immediately draws in the reader.

Check that background info is brief but informative. Cut unimportant details.

Read the thesis statement carefully. Is it clear, focused, arguable, and well-written?

Ensure the thesis directly answers the prompt or assignment question.

Review that the essay outline logically flows from the thesis.

Check for varied sentence structure and smooth transitions between sentences.

Ensure the introduction is written in the student’s original, unique voice.

Ask – does this intro give the reader essential context and clearly state the essay’s central argument?

Revising the introduction allows the writer to catch any underdeveloped, awkward, or unclear areas. Refining the intro before writing the full essay ensures the foundation is established to convince readers of the thesis logically. Catchy Introductions for Different Essay Types Here are some examples of writing catchy introductions tailored to different essay types: Narrative Introduction The lights were bright and the room was freezing. I could hear the muffled cries of the two-day-old infant in the incubator beside me as I carefully calculated the dosage. This was my first time administering medication on the job as a nursing student in the NICU. I knew neonatal nursing would be challenging, but I realized in that moment it would also reshape my perspective.

The fragility of life was tangible, yet amidst wires and monitors, there was hope. This experience taught me that something as small as an injection has the power to heal and comfort. My nursing journey began with that first nervous med pass late one night in the NICU, starting me on a path I could not yet fully envision. This introduction establishes the narrative scene while hinting at the insights explored in the essay. The hook places the reader in the story while introducing the reflective tone and theme. The background about starting nursing school and working in the intensive care unit provides context. The thesis hints at a transformative experience that led to a new understanding, setting up the reflective narrative about this memory’s significance. The introduction draws readers into the moment while establishing the personal growth narrative to come. Analytical Introduction The current nursing shortage in the United States has reached critical levels, with the deficit of registered nurses projected to exceed 500,000 by 2025. This shortage impacts healthcare facilities nationwide, diminishing the quality of care and patient outcomes. While an aging workforce and increased healthcare demands contribute to the problem, the root causes are unsatisfactory working environments, leading to high turnover rates.

Inadequate staffing ratios, lack of leadership support, workplace violence, and burnout exacerbate nurse shortages. However, developing effective retention strategies to improve modifiable workplace factors could help healthcare organizations recruit and retain qualified nurses. Targeted interventions to empower nurses and cultivate supportive, collaborative environments will be essential to overcoming the nursing shortage crisis. This introduction establishes the nursing shortage problem and notes some surface-level contributing factors. The thesis then points to underlying workplace environment issues as the root causes. This analytical stance sets the essay to examine these modifiable factors and the solutions they highlight rather than just describing the problem. The introduction primes readers for an analytical discussion on empowering nursing workplace improvements. Persuasive Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed cracks in the foundation of the United States healthcare system. Addressing the longstanding nurse staffing crisis has become urgent as nurses comprise the largest segment of the health workforce. For decades, research has shown inadequate nurse staffing increases patient and nurse risks. However, hospitals and legislators have delayed mandating minimum nurse-to-patient ratios. With recent data revealing up to 20% of nurses plan to leave their positions, safe staffing levels are imperative.

Implementing minimum staffing ratios in every unit, improving work environments, and increasing wages can retain experienced nurses, attract new nurses, and ensure safe patient care. Now is the time to persuade lawmakers and healthcare administrators to enact evidence-based nurse staffing ratio legislation. Doing so will strengthen nursing, prevent future gaps in care, and ultimately save lives. This introduction uses the COVID-19 pandemic context to establish the urgent need for minimum staffing ratios. It references past research and alarming turnover data to highlight the significance of the problem. This leads to the thesis advocating minimum ratio legislation to improve staffing conditions and nurse retention. The intro generates urgency while summarizing the persuasive argument to come – that evidence shows implementing specific nurse staffing reforms will strengthen healthcare. Personal Introduction I remember the sterile smell of the hospital hallway as I walked into my patient’s room for the first time. As a nursing student, I had prepared extensively for this initial clinical rotation. I had memorized lab values, medications, and procedures. Yet textbook knowledge could not prepare me for the wave of nerves I felt seeing my patient lying in the stark, white hospital bed. She looked weary and frail. This was no rubber dummy I had practiced on. This was a living, breathing human who needed my care.

My textbook training came second to forging a true human connection at that moment. Sitting beside her, I listened as she shared her story, goals, and worries. The beeping monitors faded, and I saw her as so much more than a diagnosis. My first clinical rotation taught me that treating patients extends beyond treating their illnesses. In nursing, empathy and compassion for humanity manifest as acts of care. This personal nursing essay introduction draws readers into a poignant clinical scene. It sets up the student’s transition from textbook knowledge to human understanding. The vivid details and reflections establish the introspective tone and theme focused on compassion in nursing care. Tips for Writing a Winning Introduction Paragraph Here are some tips for writing an effective introduction paragraph that grabs attention and sets the stage for the essay:

Start with a strong, thought-provoking hook. Open with an interesting fact, statistic, question, an essay quote, anecdote, vivid description, etc.

Provide brief but valuable context and background on the topic. Define key terms and give relevant historical or social framing.

Build a smooth transition from the background to the specific focus of the essay. Use transitional phrases like “In light of this…”

State the thesis clearly and directly. Present the central argument or position in a concise, one-sentence statement.

Ensure the thesis responds to the prompt and launches the essay’s body.

Structure the introduction logically, moving from a broad to an increasingly narrow focus.

Engage the reader’s interest while also communicating the essay’s purpose.

Revise thoroughly to refine language, improve flow, and bolster impact.

An effective introduction grabs attention, provides a framework, presents a compelling thesis, and primes readers for future discussion. Crafting a thoughtful, polished introduction can get any essay off to a winning start. Final Thoughts The introduction of your nursing essay is your chance to grab the reader’s attention, provide insight into your chosen topic, and set the stage for the following discussion. It’s crucial to nail this part to make a compelling first impression. However, it’s a common struggle for many nursing students to pen down an engaging introduction amidst demanding academic and practical schedules. Struggling to Start Your Nursing Essay? Kickstart your nursing essay with an introduction that resonates. Click Here to Secure a Strong Start with Our Expert Assistance! Let us pave the way for your academic achievements.

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What makes a great nurse?

Nurses aren’t angels, but they may be the closest thing we have in the workplace.

Every year since they were added in 1999, nurses have topped the Gallup Poll of the most trustworthy professionals. Patients and their families know why.

While doctors diagnose illnesses and prescribe medication, surgery or other treatment, it’s often nurses who explain medical procedures, help manage symptoms, respond to emergencies, listen to family concerns, allay patient fears, soothe worries and find ways to make difficult situations bearable.

A nurse’s mission is not only to save lives, but also to promote and preserve quality of life.

“The basis of great nursing is caring, but it’s bigger than that,” said Deborah Almauhy, chief nursing officer at Rockdale Medical Center in Conyers. “It’s a commitment to a lifestyle, not just a 12-hour job at a hospital.

“I’m a nurse at every family picnic, neighborhood gathering and kids’ ballgame. I’m a nurse when friends are sick and [when] parents get older and turn to you for help. Nursing is a part of my protoplasm.”

While caring is an integral component of nursing, today’s focus on evidence-based practice, ongoing research and continuous technological advances make a passionate commitment to learning just as essential, Almauhy said.

Almauhy’s career plans were set when she was in preschool, as a poster in her office confirms. It shows the face of a young girl with the words, “When I grow up I’m gonna be a nurse.”

For more than 20 years, Almauhy has worked in urban emergency, trauma and burn centers, as well as serving as a nurse in the U.S. Navy Reserve.

“I can’t even begin to put into words how much I have loved being a nurse,” Almauhy said. “It has been an indescribable career.”

Elaina S. Hall, director, Grady Burn Center, Grady Health System

“Every great nurse I know has the following characteristics: caring nature, detail-oriented, emotionally stable, great judgment, physical endurance and extraordinary communication skills.

“In today’s health care environment, nurses must be ready to complete a comprehensive physical and mental assessment of a patient. He or she must have a comprehensive knowledge of infection control, body mechanics, genitourinary issues and an endless list of quantitative and qualitative measures of a patient’s well-being.

“She must do all this and, of course, smile and help achieve organizational patient-satisfaction metrics. A great nurse can do all these things and still love her job!”

Carol Danielson, senior vice president and chief nurse executive, Gwinnett Health System

“What makes a great nurse? Two words come to mind: competent and compassionate. A competent nurse is a skilled and knowledgeable expert for the patient [and] who is trusted to always do the right thing. A compassionate nurse is sympathetic to another’s misfortune.

“A great nurse empathizes with the patient and family and is able to consistently convey a complete understanding and knowledge of what they are experiencing, along with a strong conviction of wanting to help. These qualities combined result in the ultimate bond between patient and nurse — one of trust, understanding and advocacy.”

Susan Grant, chief nurse executive, Emory Healthcare

“I spent a summer in college working as a nursing assistant and discovered that I loved connecting and being present with my geriatric patients. I thought, ‘This is me, this is who I am.’

“I felt compassion for them and that they needed an advocate. I think it’s critical for a nurse to really know herself. Nursing requires a lot of self-awareness. It’s not a job; it’s about who you are and how you relate to other people.

“A great nurse is someone who is a good partner. She partners with her patients and families, not with the goal of making them dependent, but of fostering empowerment. Her role isn’t to do things to them or for them, but to strengthen them through the healing process.

“It takes skill, a sharp intellect, self-knowledgeempathy and compassion to be a great nurse.

“I have the privilege of leading other nurses. People think of a chief nurse executive as a big job, but the big job is taking care of patients at the bedside. Seeing what our nurses do inspires me every day.”

Victoria Alberti, manager, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia Breast Center

“Great nurses are born, not made. They have an innate gift of unconditional compassion and a relentless determination to alleviate suffering.

“Providing strength in a patient’s time of weakness and going beyond the call of duty to bring a smile to his face — that is the role of a great nurse.

“But more importantly, great nurses are medical advocates for their patients.”

Sheyla Desir, nurse manager, acute care services, Atlanta VA Medical Center

“The technology has changed and our patients have more complex illnesses, but the one thing that hasn’t changed since Florence Nightingale started the profession is caring. A great nurse sees the patient, not the tubes. She sees someone who could be her mother, her father or her child, and she cares for them as if it were so.

“I’ve been fortunate to have some great nurses teach me, nurture me and take me under their wings to guide me into the profession. I’ve learned that a great nurse takes care of her patients, her fellow nurses and her whole organization.”

Susan Sweat Gunby, professor, Mercer University’s Georgia Baptist College of Nursing

“Great nurses, regardless of whether they work in clinical practice, education, administration, research or other areas, all possess three qualities or essences. These are:

“1. Passion: Their passion for excellence in all they do can be seen and felt by others.

“2. Pride: They take immense pride in being a nurse and in honoring the heritage and legacy of a caring profession.

“3. Presence: Great nurses communicate with — and from — a profound depth and quality of presence. They are committed to ‘being with’ and ‘being there’ with patients and clients.”

Karen B. Seagraves, program director, Marcus Stroke& Neuroscience Center, Grady Health System

“When I think of what makes a great nurse, I’m reminded of the quote from Mahatma Gandhi: ‘The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.’ A great nurse has to be selfless.

“When I’m hiring new nurses, I never look for someone who is going to just do her 12-hour shift and go home. Great nurses are committed to making their environment a place for healing. That may mean serving on committees, doing research, educating and listening to families.

“A great nurse cares about every nurse, every patient and everyone who comes through the door, not just her shift or her patients. She’s going to look at the whole patient and the whole family situation. She can’t just say, ‘Here’s the medication the doctor prescribed’ and send someone home, knowing that patient can’t afford to fill it.

“She will use her critical-thinking skills to improve the outcomes of patients. That’s what makes it a profession, not just a job.”

Karen San Filippo Wiggins, charge nurse, Lawrenceville VA Community Outpatient Clinic, Atlanta VA Medical Center

“A great nurse has to be so many things. She’s a facilitator, a student who is always learning, a mediator, an organizer, a communicator and a keeper of the peace, sort of like a mom. But above all, she has to love caring for people. All great nurses need to have that feeling and carry it with them always.

“Honesty is a big part of it. You have to be honest with yourself that this is what you want to do. It’s not about the money or glory. You’re there to listen to heartache and to try to alleviate pain.

“When your patients look into your eyes, they should see that you want to love and care for them. The rewards will come from that. This is a profession that will always fill your heart.”

Kim Bentley, executive director of patient care services, DeKalb Medical , Hillandale

“The most important thing a great nurse needs is compassion. She has to be able to empathize with her patients so that she can be their advocate. Compassion and advocacy go hand-in-hand.

“Nurses are the last line of defense for patients who often aren’t strong enough to advocate for themselves. It’s up to her to make sure that they are safe and receive the most appropriate level of care.

“That’s nursing in a nutshell.”

About the Author

Credit: John Spink / [email protected]

Credit: Jason Getz / [email protected]

Credit: John Spink

Credit: [email protected]

Credit: [email protected]