phd forensic psychology salary

Forensic Psychologist Salary Guide 2024

By PsychologyJobs.com Staff Writer

A forensic psychologist is a mental health professional who applies psychological principles and techniques to legal and criminal justice settings.  Learn more about becoming a forensic psychologist .

The average annual salary for a forensic psychologist in the US is $101,000

Here is the average forensic psychologist salary based upon number of years experience:

• Less than 5 years of experience: $82,180
• 5-10 years of experience: $98,230
• More than 10 years of experience: $100,850

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Which states have the highest forensic psychologist salaries.

• California – $120,010
• Oregon – $117,180
• Rhode Island – $116,810
• Hawaii – $115,220
• New York – $113,940

Which cities have the highest forensic psychologist salaries?

• New York, NY – $92,000
• San Diego, CA – $89,000
• Los Angeles, CA – $86,000
• Boston, MA – $85,000
• Chicago, IL – $83,000

How can forensic psychologists increase their salary?

Pursuing higher levels of education

Psychologists with  doctoral degrees  earned a median salary of $100,770 in May 2020, compared to $79,010 for those with a  master’s degree . Pursuing a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in forensic psychology or a related field may increase job opportunities and earning potential for forensic psychologists.

Developing specialized expertise

Forensic psychologists who develop specialized expertise in a specific area of forensic psychology e.g. forensic science, forensic mental health or criminal psychology may be able to command higher salaries.

Working in high-paying industries or organizations

Forensic psychologists who work for the federal government may be able to command higher salaries, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics reporting that the mean annual wage for psychologists in the federal executive branch is $112,690.

Negotiating salary and benefits

Forensic psychologists can negotiate their salary and benefits packages when accepting job offers or when asking for a raise. According to a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association in 2020, 61% of psychologists negotiated their starting salary, with those who negotiated earning a median increase of $5,000. Additionally, the same survey found that psychologists who negotiated for other benefits, such as flexible work schedules, retirement plans, or professional development opportunities, reported higher levels of job satisfaction.

How do forensic psychologist salaries compare to other psychologists?

In terms of educational and training requirements, the roles most similar to a forensic psychologist would be a school psychologist,  educational psychologist ,  developmental psychologist  and an  industrial-organizational psychologist . Each of these roles requires a master’s degree with a doctoral degree being an optional (but often preferred) qualification. It therefore makes sense to compare the salaries of these roles to see how lucrative forensic psychology as a field is.

• Industrial-Organizational Psychologist  – $112,690
• School Psychologist  – $78,200
• Educational Psychologist  – $82,180
• Developmental Psychologist  – $78,000

How much money can you make with a forensic psychology degree?

Your degree doesn’t dictate your future salary, but it is a strong indicator.

After graduation, forensic psychology graduates typically earn high salaries compared to the national average. Top earners make $ 65,309 , while the bottom 20% make close r to $ 26,448 . The median grad salary is $ 41,561 .

Forensic Psychology graduate salaries over time

This chart maps the average workforce wage by years of experience:

Wage ($USD)

Years of work experience.

Pro tip Still unsure if a degree in forensic psychology is your calling? Read our comprehensive guide on choosing a career

Discover what you’ll learn—and what you can do after you graduate.

Forensic Psychology

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Salaries for Forensic Psychologists

Whether working directly for the state or as hired guns called in to consult on cases and provide services on a contract basis, forensic psychologists are the trusted professionals the courts, law firms, police departments, schools, correctional and rehabilitation centers rely on for a better understanding and perspective on the criminal mind.

On any given day, forensic psychologists are performing mental health evaluations for the courts or correctional system…assisting attorneys in jury selection…providing dispute resolution and competency assessment services for the courts…performing background investigations for law enforcement agencies…and assessing and evaluating both offenders and victims of crime for civil and criminal cases. It’s a specialized profession that calls for specialized credentials (all must have a PhD or PsyD from an American Psychological Association (APA)-accredited doctoral program, two years of post-doctoral experience, and state licensure as a clinical psychologist). But in this field, the rewards of earning an  advanced degree in forensic psychology  make it well worth it.

Forensic Psychology Salary Information by State

What Exactly is Behind the Record High Salaries in Forensic Psychology

A closer look at where forensic psychologists are earning the most, a state-by-state guide to salaries in forensic psychology, forensic psychology salary info by state.

• Connecticut
• District of Columbia
• Massachusetts
• Mississippi
• New Hampshire
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• West Virginia

So, how is it that specializing in forensics offers psychologists a chance to earn far more than they could in just about any other area of clinical and applied psychology?

In a word: demand.

According to a report from the American Psychological Association (APA), psychologists working in settings where psychology and the law overlap are “in hot demand.”

Ever since 2001 when the APA approved forensic psychology as a specialty, interest has surged in the field, and today, nearly every part of the legal system relies on their expertise.

Working as an independent consultant is an attractive option, providing total control over the kinds of clients they work with and how they bill for their services.

Unlike most clinical psychologists, forensic psychologists aren’t reliant on insurance reimbursement to make their money, and they aren’t subject to the same kind of standard rate billing. They may very well bill their services on an hourly basis or accept retainers for taking cases, but those rates aren’t ever going to be processed for approval by an insurance company. And so their services go to the highest bidder, and in a high-demand field without a lot of other options to choose from when a law firm or law enforcement agency needs a forensic psychologist, those bids can go pretty high.

They also have the opportunity specialize and diversify their practice according to where demand in the field takes them.

Not only is earning a salary in the six figures possible in forensic psychology, but it’s also more common than you may think. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), forensic psychologists (categorized by the BLS as Psychologists, All Others) earned an average salary of $98,010 as of May 2021. The top 10% of earners in this field – likely those with extensive experience and specialized experience in specific areas of the legal system – earned more than $133,200 during this time.

Based on BLS stats, some of the highest paid forensic psychologists were among those who worked as consultants, earning an annual average of $132,680.

Forensic psychologist careers  working in private companies earned one of the highest average salaries, too, at $120,780, followed by those working for healthcare practitioners, who earned an average salary of $108,520. In the governmental sector, those working for the federal government earned one of the highest salaries, at $101,540. The federal government also came out on top as the largest employer of forensic psychologists during this time, representing about 60% of all jobs in the forensic psychology field.

As of May 2021, average annual salaries for forensic psychologists exceeded $100,000 in about half the states, with many of the remaining states reporting average salaries in the mid- to upper-$90,000s.

• Alabama: $96,660
• Alaska: $113,040
• Arizona: $96,710
• Arkansas: $92,470
• California: $112,210
• Connecticut: $103,220
• District of Columbia: $104,440
• Florida: $103,240
• Georgia: $98,360
• Hawaii: $92,060
• Idaho: $84,070
• Illinois: $99,740
• Indiana: $86,730
• Iowa: $106,200
• Kansas: $98,390
• Kentucky: $97,370
• Louisiana: $97,890
• Maine: $74,290
• Maryland: $111,350
• Massachusetts: $100,070
• Michigan: $74,810
• Minnesota: $81,150
• Mississippi: $80,890
• Missouri: $97,620
• Nevada: $95,540
• New Jersey: $95,090
• New Mexico: $87,820
• New York: $104,140
• North Carolina: $87,210
• North Dakota: $92,820
• Ohio: $96,970
• Oklahoma: $92,210
• Oregon: $112,570
• Pennsylvania: $100,290
• Rhode Island: $92,400
• South Carolina: $103,530
• South Dakota: $91,660
• Texas: $101,680
• Utah: $92,580
• Vermont: $92,370
• Virginia: $104,670
• Washington: $105,640
• West Virginia: $55,990
• Wisconsin: $86,000
• Wyoming: $102,660

As expected, salaries for forensic psychologists largely mirrored cost of living. For example, in California, a state with one of the highest costs of living in the nation, forensic psychologists earned an average salary of $112,210, while in a state like Mississippi, which has one of the lowest costs of living, forensic psychologists earned an average salary of just $80,890 – more than $30,000 less than California.

2021 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary figures for psychologists , all other. Job growth projections from the US Department of Labor-sponsored resource, Projections Central. Figures are based on national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed May 2022.

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Salary Outlook with a Forensic Psychologist Degree

While psychology remains one of the most popular fields for advanced education, with almost 28,000 students earning graduate degrees in the field in 2017-2018, federal education officials reported .

But not all specialty areas within this popular field are growing at the same rate. Forensic psychology, for instance, seems to be getting more in-demand among students who want to combine a deep knowledge of human behavior with a desire for justice.

Let’s learn about what degrees are available in the field and what graduates can expect to earn depending on where they live.

Forensic Psychology Degree Options

Jobs in forensic psychology, which is sometimes referred to as criminal psychology, require varying levels of education. In some cases, professionals can find rewarding careers with only a bachelor’s degree. But there are some good reasons to pursue advanced training, such as a master’s, Ph.D. or Psy.D. in forensic psychology .

For any jobs that require professional psychologist licensure, a doctoral degree, whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D., is generally required. Additionally, forensic psychology isn’t a very common option in undergraduate psychology programs, which most often focus on general aspects of the study of human behavior. So a master’s, Psy.D. or Ph.D. can help build the foundation of a specialty in forensic psychology.

Some jobs may require only a master’s degree in psychology , but students may be well-advised to continue on to a doctoral program. This is true not only for those seeking state psychologist licenses, but it’s also the case for many students who want to focus their professional work on a particular population group.

For example, prospective forensic psychologists who want to work exclusively with victims of traumatic experiences, such as violent crimes, may find that their undergraduate and graduate psychology programs did not give them adequate experiences working directly with this particular group.

Forensic Psychology Career Tracks

As a rapidly growing field, forensic psychology degrees may apply to an increasing number of jobs in the future as the field continues to evolve and various organizations learn the value of hiring professionals with specialized education. Forensic psychology once was referred to as criminal psychology , but in recent years, terminology has evolved to provide a more expansive view of the study of human behavior as it relates to crime.

SEE ALSO: How to Become a Forensic Psychologist

Generally, though, individuals with an education in forensic psychology will most often find careers connected to the criminal justice system. This could include positions on all sides of the justice ecosystem, whether that’s dealing with individuals suspected or convicted of crimes, consulting with law enforcement or prosecutors, or serving as expert witnesses for defense attorneys.

Here’s a look at some of the most common jobs in forensic psychology:

• Clinical Psychologists
• Correctional Counselors
• Probation Officers
• Correctional Treatment Specialist
• Victim Advocate
• Expert Witness
• Jury Consultant
• Investigator
• Criminal Justice Training Director

Forensic Psychology Doctorate Salary Overview

While we’ve discussed the value of other types of forensic psychology degrees, most professionals will reach their highest possible earning potential with the help of a doctoral degree, such as a Ph.D. or Psy.D. Both are doctoral degrees, and Census data found that those with professional degrees, such as doctorates, earn about double what a typical high school graduate earns.

We wanted to understand potential salaries for forensic psychology professionals across the U.S., including those with or without a doctoral degree. We calculated a state-by-state average across three possible jobs in the field (Clinical Psychologists, General Psychologists, and Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists), according to data published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics .

SEE ALSO: How Much Do Forensic Psychologists Make?

According to our analysis, the highest average annual wage across the three jobs was in California, where a typical forensic psychology professional can expect to earn upwards of $107,000. Average salaries in the District of Columbia were also in the six figures, while salaries in Colorado and Connecticut were close to that level. The lowest average forensic psychology salary was in South Carolina, with an average of about $56,000. While this is considerably lower than many other states, it still represents a major boost over the state’s overall average annual wage, which is about $44,000.

Average annual forensic psychology salary by state

General Psychologists have the highest average annual wage across the U.S., with a typical psychologist making about $91,000 per year. Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists come in on the low end with an average yearly salary of about $53,000, while the overall average for the three jobs is just under $76,000 per year.

Average annual salary for forensic psychology jobs

Forensic psychology jobs are expected to expand across the U.S., but some states have much higher potential for growth than others, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor. Projected growth rates through 2028 are highest in Utah, where forensic psychology jobs are expected to expand by nearly 23%, though Vermont is close at 21.3%. Michigan’s projected growth rate is less than 1%, which is the lowest among the states for which data was available (numbers for Alabama, Kentucky and Washington were not published).

SEE ALSO: Online Ph.D. in Forensic Psychology Degree Programs

Average projected growth in forensic psychology job openings by state, 2018-2028

Each of the three forensic psychology jobs are expected to see positive growth through 2028, with Clinical Psychologists likely to see the most rapid expansion, more than 15%. This is about triple the rate at which all jobs in the U.S. are expected to grow in that time.

Average projected growth in forensic psychology job openings, 2018-2028

As American society continues to evolve in its understanding of crime and criminal justice, it will be crucial to hear the voices of those who have spent their lives studying the nexus of human behavior and the legal system. Fortunately for those professionals, high wages and rapid expansion of job opportunities are likely across much of the U.S.

Forensic Psychologist Salary

How much does a Forensic Psychologist make? The average Forensic Psychologist salary is $116,412 as of March 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $105,900 and $129,453 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. 

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Forensic psychologist salary by state.

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• Massachusetts
• Mississippi
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• New Hampshire
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
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Psychologist Salary Info: The 9 Highest Paying Careers

Which psychology jobs pay the best salary?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Psychology can be a high-paying job, but it is important to recognize that there is tremendous diversity among psychology professions, and  salaries and yearly earnings are just as varied. In a struggling economy, many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries average around $167,000.

While many psychology careers have a higher-than-average yearly salary, it is important to remember that actual income depends upon various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.

Learn more about some of the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the educational requirements for entering these fields.

Psychiatrist

Average Salary:  $216,090 per year

Educational Requirements:  Considered a medical career, psychiatry is significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor's degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.

Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending upon your specialty area , where you are employed, and the type of work you perform.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Average Salary: $105,310

Educational Requirements: In most cases, a master's degree in psychology is the minimum training required, although having a doctorate degree may be to your advantage. While there are opportunities available at the master's degree level, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues. Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $122,660. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $110,070.

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology , the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.

Neuropsychologist

Average Salary: $90,460 per year

Educational Requirements: A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.

Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.   People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.

Clinical Psychologist

Average Salary: $81,330 per year

Educational Requirements: In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.

Clinical psychologists are trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness. This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.

Engineering Psychologist

Average Salary: $79,818 per year

Educational Requirements: Entry-level positions require a master's degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.

Engineering psychologists work to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.

Counseling Psychologist

Average Salary: $72,540 per year

Educational Requirements: A PhD, PsyD , or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.

Counseling psychologists perform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.

While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.

Forensic Psychologist

Average Salary: $59,440

Educational Requirements: While there are some jobs available with a master's degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.

Forensic psychologists deal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.

School Psychologist

Average Salary: $58,360

Educational Requirements: Most states require completing a 60-credit school psychology specialist program, which leads to a master's or EdS degree. Approximately 32% of school psychologists hold a PhD , PsyD, or EdD degree.

School psychologists work within the educational system to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children. They often collaborate with other professionals, including teachers and doctors as well as parents, to help kids overcome social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Labor, jobs in this field are expected to grow by approximately 10% over the next decade.

Sports Psychologist

Average Salary:  $55,000 per year

Educational Requirements:  Most jobs require a master's or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology. Sports psychologists  are interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.  

Professionals in this field often focus on topics such as  motivation  and athletic performance. They utlizie their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.

While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.

Frequently Asked Questions

While specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.

They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary a great deal. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $81,040. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $47,850 per year. Your own salary may depend on factors such as your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.

Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.

A Word From Verywell

Choosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.

So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.

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Burrow-sanchez J, Call ME, Adolphson SL, Hawken LS. School psychologists' perceived competence and training needs for student substance abuse*. J Sch Health. 2009;79(6):269-76. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00409.x

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By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."