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PhD Program

Year after year, our top-ranked PhD program sets the standard for graduate economics training across the country. Graduate students work closely with our world-class faculty to develop their own research and prepare to make impactful contributions to the field.

Our doctoral program enrolls 20-24 full-time students each year and students complete their degree in five to six years. Students undertake core coursework in microeconomic theory, macroeconomics, and econometrics, and are expected to complete two major and two minor fields in economics. Beyond the classroom, doctoral students work in close collaboration with faculty to develop their research capabilities, gaining hands-on experience in both theoretical and empirical projects.

How to apply

Students are admitted to the program once per year for entry in the fall. The online application opens on September 15 and closes on December 15.

Meet our students

Our PhD graduates go on to teach in leading economics departments, business schools, and schools of public policy, or pursue influential careers with organizations and businesses around the world. 

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The Ph.D. Program in the Department of Economics at Harvard is addressed to students of high promise who wish to prepare themselves in teaching and research in academia or for responsible positions in government, research organizations, or business enterprises. Students are expected to devote themselves full-time to their programs of study.

The program prepares students for productive and stimulating careers as economists. Courses and seminars offered by the department foster an intellectually active and stimulating environment. Each week, the department sponsors more than 15 different seminars on such topics as environmental economics, economic growth and development, monetary and fiscal policy, international economics, industrial organization, law and economics, behavioral economics, labor economics, and economic history. Top scholars from both domestic and international communities are often invited speakers at the seminars.  The Harvard community outside of the department functions as a strong and diverse resource. Students in the department are free to pursue research interests with scholars throughout the University. Faculty of the Harvard Law School, Kennedy School of Government, and Harvard Business School, for example, are available to students for consultation, instruction, and research guidance. As a member of the Harvard community, students in the department can register for courses in the various schools and have access to the enormous library resources available through the University. There are over 90 separate library units at Harvard, with the total collections of books and pamphlets numbering over 13 million.  Both the department and the wider University draw some of the brightest students from around the world, which makes for a student body that is culturally diverse and likely unequaled in the range of intellectual interests of its members. These factors combine to add an important dimension to the educational process. Students are able to learn from one another, collaborate on research projects and publications, and form bonds that are not broken by distance once the degree is completed and professional responsibilities lead them in different directions.

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Doctoral Program

The Ph.D. program is a full time program leading to a Doctoral Degree in Economics.  Students specialize in various fields within Economics by enrolling in field courses and attending field specific lunches and seminars.  Students gain economic breadth by taking additional distribution courses outside of their selected fields of interest.

General requirements

Students  are required to complete 1 quarter of teaching experience. Teaching experience includes teaching assistantships within the Economics department or another department .

University's residency requirement

135 units of full-tuition residency are required for PhD students. After that, a student should have completed all course work and must request Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status.

Department degree requirements and student checklist

1. core course requirement.

Required: Core Microeconomics (202-203-204) Core Macroeconomics (210-211-212) Econometrics (270-271-272).  The Business School graduate microeconomics class series may be substituted for the Econ Micro Core.  Students wishing to waive out of any of the first year core, based on previous coverage of at least 90% of the material,  must submit a waiver request to the DGS at least two weeks prior to the start of the quarter.  A separate waiver request must be submitted for each course you are requesting to waive.  The waiver request must include a transcript and a syllabus from the prior course(s) taken.  

2.  Field Requirements

Required:  Two of the Following Fields Chosen as Major Fields (click on link for specific field requirements).  Field sequences must be passed with an overall grade average of B or better.  Individual courses require a letter grade of B- or better to pass unless otherwise noted.

Research fields and field requirements :

• Behavioral & Experimental
• Development Economics
• Econometric Methods with Causal Inference
• Econometrics
• Economic History
• Environmental, Resource and Energy Economics
• Industrial Organization
• International Trade & Finance
• Labor Economics
• Market Design
• Microeconomic Theory
• Macroeconomics
• Political Economy
• Public Economics

3.  Distribution

Required:  Four other graduate-level courses must be completed. One of these must be from the area of economic history (unless that field has already been selected above). These courses must be distributed in such a way that at least two fields not selected above are represented.  Distribution courses must be passed with a grade of B or better.

4.  Field Seminars/Workshops

Required:  Three quarters of two different field seminars or six quarters of the same field seminar from the list below.   

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Current Economics Ph.D. Courses

Semester graduate course offering ay2022-23.

Mathematics and Statistics for Economists

6700 Survey of Mathematical Methods in Economics G 3

Core analytical methods and techniques routinely used in the first-year graduate courses in economic theory; topics include basic real analysis, convexity, constrained optimization, envelope theorems and their economics applications. Prereq: 4001.01, 4001.02, 4001.03, or 501A and graduate mathematics courses in vector calculus and elementary linear algebra. Not open to students with credit for 704, or 705.

6701 Survey of Statistical Methods in Economics G 3

Probability and statistical methods frequently used in economic analysis; topics include random variables, moment generating functions, limit theorems, expectations, multiple correlations,tests of significance and their economic applications.Prereq: Math 1152 (153), or equiv; or permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Not open to students with credit for Stat 5201 (520), or 6801 (620), or 640, or 720.

7700 Mathematics for Economics I G 3

Mathematical concepts and techniques used in advanced economic research; real analysis;metric spaces; topology; measure and integration; convexity; separation theorems; contraction mapping; fixed point theorems; applications.Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of grad studies; primarily for PhD students in economics and related disciplines. Not open to students with credit for 700.

7701 Mathematics for Economics II G 3

Dynamic optimization methods and recursive methods that are frequently used in dynamic economic analysis. Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies; primarily for PhD students in economics and related disciplines. Not open to students with credit for 701.

Core Microeconomics

8711 Microeconomic Theory IA G 3

Rigorous survey of the neoclassical paradigm dealing with individual economic agents, firms and markets; covers core concepts and methods such as equilibrium, optimality, duality, comparative statics and envelope theorems. Prereq: Grad standing in Econ, or related discipline with permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not open to students with credit for 804.

8712 Microeconomic Theory IB G 3

Continuation and extension of Microeconomic Theory 1A to study competitive general equilibrium, optimality and welfare theorems; includes analysis of individual agents' behavior under uncertainty and markets subject to asymmetric information.Prereq: 8711 (804), or equiv, and permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not open to students with credit for 805.

8713 Microeconomic Theory IIA G 3

Rigorous introduction to game theoretic methods and concepts and their applications to study strategic interactions in economic organizations, including imperfectly competitive markets and economies with public goods and externalities.Prereq: 8711 (804), or 8712 (805), or equiv with permission of economics director of gradstudies. Not open to students with credit for 808.

8714 Microeconomic Theory IIB G 3

A theoretical treatment of information economics and mechanism design; topics include implementation, dominant strategy mechanism, Bayesian mechanism design, adverse selection, moral hazard, social choice and auctions.Prereq: 8713 (805), or equiv, and permission of Economics Director of Graduate Studies. Notopen to students with credit for 808.

Core Macroeconomics

8721 Macroeconomic Theory IA G 3

A rigorous introduction to modern macroeconomic analysis and models of economic growth with emphasis on dynamic competitive equilibrium analysis: topics include dynamic programming applied to stochastic environments.Prereq: Grad standing, and permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not open to students with credit for 806.

8722 Macroeconomic Theory IB G 3

Continuation of 8721 with recent developments in macro and monetary economics; topics include business cycles, endogenous growth, equilibrium unemployment and risk sharing in incomplete markets. Prereq: 8721 (806), or equiv, and permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not open to students with credit for 807.

8723 Macroeconomic Theory IIA G 3

Continuation of Macroeconomic Theory IA-IB with emphasis on dynamic general equilibrium models with shocks and frictions and their empirical assessment.Prereq: 8722 (806), or equiv, and permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not opento students with credit for 807 or 809.

8724 Macroeconomic Theory IIB G 3

Micro foundations of aggregate demand from the perspective of dynamic optimization; topics also include permanent income, lifetime portfolio choice, Q-theory of investment, consumption CAPM, term structure and long term risk. Prereq: 8723, or 806 and 807, or equiv, and permission of Economics Director of Grad Studies. Not open to students with credit for 809.

Core Econometrics

8731 Econometrics I G 4

Probability; random variables; sampling distributions; limit theorems; point and interval estimation; statistical hypothesis testing; multiple regression analysis in the linear model including finite-sample and asymptotic statistical properties. Prereq: 670 (640), or Stat 5201 (521), or equiv with permission of economics director of grad studies. Not open to students with credit for 640, 740, 741, or 742.

8732 Econometrics II G 4

Generalized least squares; specification tests; generalized method of moments; endogenous regressors and simultaneous equation systems; panel data; nonlinear estimation; discrete and limited dependent variable models; and basic time-series analysis. Prereq: 8731 (740, 741) or equiv with permission of economics director of grad studies. Not open to students with credit for 640, 740, 741, and 742.

8733 Econometrics III G 3

Continuation of Economics 8731 and 8732 with an emphasis on applications of econometric theory and methods, including the use of advanced econometric software to various fields of economics. Prereq: Econ 8731 and 8732, or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 640, 740, 741, and 742.

Field: Econometrics

8830 Advanced Econometrics I G 3

Fundamental elements of time series methods and recently developed techniques for the analysis of economic time series. Prereq: 8732 (742), or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 840.

8831 Advanced Econometrics II G 3

Selected advanced topics in econometrics - such as nonparametric and semi parametric estimation, numerical optimization, simulation methods - including Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and duration models used in economics. Prereq: 8732 (742) or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 841.

8832 Advanced Econometrics III G 3

Theory and applications of advanced econometric methods with emphasis on parameter estimation and testing in nonlinear models. Topics include: large sample theory, extremum estimators, likelihood approach, and the GMM framework. Prereq: 8732 (742) or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 842.

8833 Micro Econometrics G 3

Recent advances in micro econometrics, covering both theoretical and applied areas, with emphasis varying with instructor’s research interest such as spatial econometrics and social interaction models. Prereq: Econ 8732 (742), Econ 8831 (841), and Econ 8832 (842), or equiv, or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 843. Repeatable to a maximum of 12 credit hrs.

8834 Advanced Time Series Econometrics G 3

Rigorous treatment of time-series analysis using recent techniques and concepts. Major topics: stationary and non-stationary time series, co-integration and their economic applications. Course topics will vary with instructor's research interest. 8830 (840) is recommended. Prereq: 732, or 734, or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 844. Repeatable to a maximum of 12 credit hrs.

Field: Macro-Monetary Economics

8821 Advanced Macroeconomics I G 3

Recent contributions to macro-monetary economics in theoretical, empirical and policy areas; topics include computational methods, econometric techniques, dynamic modeling and empirical assessment. Prereq: 8724 (809), or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 810.

8822 Advanced Macroeconomics II G 3

Studies roles of preferences, technology, endowments, and market structures to determine the behavior of aggregate variables. Topics include: dynamic stochastic general equilibrium,rational expectations, business cycles, and propagation mechanisms.Prereq: 8732 (742), or 8724 (809), or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 811.

8823 Advanced Macroeconomics III G 3

Studies the macroeconomic implications of discrete decisions by heterogeneous agents andassesses quantitative DSGE models. Topics include: lumpy adjustments, non-convexadjustment costs, and the interactions of real and financial frictions.Prereq: 724, or 809, or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 820.

8824 Monetary Economics G 3

Develops monetary economics as a research field and covers a range of topics in the theoretical, empirical, and policy aspects of money, credit, and banking. S/U grade option available only with permission of Grad studies director for Econ. Prereq: 724 or 809, or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 821.

8825 Advanced Macroeconomic Methods G 3

Develops numerical methods for dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with heterogeneity and non-convexities. Applications include: models of households with uninsurable risk and borrowing constraints, and firms with adjustment costs. Prereq: 724 or 809, or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 816.

Field: International Economics

8861 International Economics I G 3

Theory and empirics of the determinants of trade, analysis of comparative advantage, trade patterns, gains from trade, commercial policies on resource allocations, income distribution and growth. Prereq: 8712 (804, 805). Not open to students with credit for 861.

8862 International Economics II G 3

Theory and empirics of international macroeconomics. Topics include: open-economy business cycles, determinants of exchange rates, international capital flows and resource allocations, financial constraints, and computational and estimation methods. Prereq: 8712 (804, 805) 8722 (806, 807); and 8861 (861) recommended. Not open to students with credit for 862.

8863 International Economics III G 3

Evolution of world economy from theoretical and empirical perspectives; trade; growth and development; international capital markets; financial crises and sovereign default; international business cycle transmissions. Prereq: 8712 (804, 805), and 8722 (806, 807); and 8862 (862) recommended. Not open to students with credit for 863.

Field: Labor Economics

8851 Labor Economics I G 3

Theoretical and empirical methods used to understand life-cycles and interpersonal variations in earnings. Topics include: human capital, job-market signaling, matching, schooling, and mobility. Prereq: 8712 (804, 805), and 8731 (741), or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 883.

8852 Labor Economics II G 3

Theories and empirical analysis of the demand for labor and changes in the wage structure over time; the determinants of youth outcomes and behaviors including the effect of family and peer groups. Prereq: 8712 (804, 805) , and 8731 (741), or equiv with permission of instuctor; 8851 (883) recommended. Not open to students with credit for 884.

8853 Labor Economics III G 3

An examination of models and methods used to study household labor supply behavior. Topics include: retirement, the determinants of child outcomes, and demographic behavior. 8852 (884) is recommended. Prereq: 8851 (883). Not open to students with credit for 981.

Field: Industrial Organization

8871 Industrial Organization I G 3

A survey of theoretical concepts used to analyze industry structure, firm conduct, market performance and related issues of public policy; topics include recent developments in the theory of the firm as well as models of competition and rivalry. Prereq: 8713 (805, 808). Not open to students with credit for 871.

8872 Industrial Organization II G 3

A survey of empirical methods used to analyze industry structure, firm conduct, market performance and related issues of public policy. Prereq: 8871 (871), and 8732 (742); or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 872.

8874 Computational Econometric Methods in Applied Microeconomics G 3

This course covers computational methods used in applied microeconomic research, with particular focus on applications to the estimation and analysis of structural discrete choice models used in the study of empirical industrial organization. Prereq: 8711 and 8731.

Field: Experimental Economics

8817 Advanced Economic Theory II G 3

Thorough treatment of major developments in game theory and a survey of major applied game theory topics such as mechanism design, bargaining, and oligopoly. Prereq: 8714 (808) or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 817.

8873 Industrial Organization III: Economic Analysis of Auctions G 3

A survey of auction theory, experiments, and empirics; topics include private and common value auctions, multi-unit demand auctions, sequential and simultaneous auctions, and related research material. Prereq: 8714 (808), or equiv, and permission of instructor.

8875 Experimental & Behavioral Economics G 3

A survey of concepts and methods in experimental and behavioral economics for advanced graduate students; topics include impacts of heuristics and biases on "rational" behavior, other regarding preferences, bargaining, public goods and market design. 8873 (970) recommended. Prereq: 8714 (808), 804, or 805, or equiv, and permission of instructor.

Field: Economic Theory

8816 Advanced Economic Theory I G 3

A topic-driven course in advanced microeconomic theory, game theory and decision theory, and their theoretical applications with emphasis on important recent results. Prereq: 8714 (808), or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 815.

8818 Advanced Economic Theory III G 3

Theoretical approaches to economics of information; how information affects individual behavior and market equilibrium; moral hazard; adverse selection; incomplete contracts; rational expectations; and principal-agency models. Prereq: 8714 (808), or equiv with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 818.

8819 Economics of Uncertainty G 3

Classical and modern approaches to decision-making and economic behavior under uncertainty; classical expected utility; subjective probability; behavioral theory of economic choice under uncertainty. S/U option available only with permission of Grad studies director for Econ. Prereq: 8714 (808) or equiv, or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 819.

Field: Economic History

5130 Economic History of Western Europe U G 4

Survey of economic development of Europe from pre-industrialization to current globalization.  Emphasis on critical analysis of long-run factors in economic growth. Prereq: 2450 (245), 4400 (444), or 5410 (641), and 4001.01 (501.01), 4001.02 (501.02), or4001.03, and 4002.01 (502.01), 4002.02 (502.02), or 4002.03, or equiv; or Grad standing. Not open to students with credit for 614.

5140 Economic History of the United States U G 4

General survey from discovery of America to present; European economic background; westward movement and its effects; development of economic institutions in the United States. Prereq: 4400 (444), 5410 (641), 4001.01 (501.01), 4001.02 (502.02), 4001.03, and 4002.01 (502.01), 4002.02 (502.02), or 4002.03, or Stat 2450 (245), or equiv; or Grad standing. Not open to students with credit for 613.

5150 Economic Transitions in the 20th Century U G 4

General survey of economic aspects of developing economies. Transitions from central planning to markets and from underdevelopment to industrialization in the twentieth century are emphasized. Prereq: 4400 (444), 5410 (641), or Stat 2450 (245), and 4001.01 (501.01), or 4001.02 (501.02), or 4001.03, and 4002.01 (502.01), 4002.02 (502.02), or 4002.03 or equiv; or permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 615.

Seminars, Workshops and Colloquia

8891.01 Economic Theory Seminar G 1-3

Latest developments in advanced research in general economic theory, game theory and related fields. Prereq: 8714 (808), and permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 915. Repeatable to a maximum of 36 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.

8891.02 Workshop in Economic Theory G 1-2

Forum to report and discuss the latest research results by graduate students, faculty members, and outside speakers in general economic and game theory. Prereq: 8714 (808), and permission of instructor. Repeatable to a maximum of 24 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.

8891.03 Colloquium in Economic Theory G 1-3

A supervised workshop in which advanced graduate students report their latest research in progress on the themes chosen by the colloquium instructor in advanced theory and related fields. Open to students who have completed PhD field courses approved by economics director of graduate studies. Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Repeatable to a maximum of 16 cr hrs or 8 completions.

8892.01 Macroeconomics Seminar G 1-3

Latest developments in advanced research in macro-monetary economics and related fields. Prereq: 8724 (809), and permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 920. Repeatable to a maximum of 36 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.

8892.02 Workshop in Macroeconomics G 1-2

Forum to report and discuss the latest research results by graduate students, faculty members and outside speakers in macro-monetary economics and related fields. Prereq: Econ 8724 (809), and permission of instructor. Repeatable to a maximum of 24 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.

8892.03 Colloquium in Macroeconomics G 1-3

A supervised workshop in which advanced graduate students report their latest research in progress on the themes chosen by the colloquium instructor in macroeconomics and related fields. Open to students who have completed PhD field courses approved by economics director of graduate studies. Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Repeatable to a maximum of 16 cr hrs or 8 completions.

8893.01 Econometrics Seminar G 1-3

Latest developments in advanced research in econometrics and related fields. Prereq: 8732 (741 and 742), and permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 940. Repeatable to a maximum of 36 cr hrs or 12 completions.

8893.02 Workshop in Econometrics G 1-2

Forum to report and discuss the latest research results by graduate students, faculty members and outside speakers in econometrics and related fields. Prereq: 8732 (741 and 742), and permission of instructor. Repeatable to a maximum of 24 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.

8893.03 Colloquium in Econometrics G 1-3

A supervised workshop in which advanced graduate students report their latest research in progress on the themes chosen by the colloquium instructor in econometrics and related fields. Open to students who have completed PhD field courses approved by economics director of graduate studies. Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Repeatable to a maximum of 16 cr hrs or 8 completions.

8894.01 Applied Microeconomics Seminar G 1-3

Latest developments in advanced research in applied microeconomics fields. Prereq: 8714 or 808, and permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 970 or 981. Repeatable to a maximum of 36 cr hrs or 12 completions.

8894.02 Workshop in Applied Microeconomics G 1-2

Forum to report and discuss the latest research results by graduate students, faculty membersand outside speakers in applied microeconomics fields.Prereq: 8714 (808), and permission of instructor. Repeatable to a maximum of 24 cr hrs or 12 completions. This course is graded S/U.4.

8894.03 Colloquium in Applied Microeconomics G 1-3

A supervised workshop in which advanced graduate students report their latest research in progress on the themes chosen by the colloquium instructor in applied microeconomics and related fields. Open to students who have completed PhD field courses approved by economics director of graduate studies. Prereq: Permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Repeatable to a maximum of 16 cr hrs or 8 completions.

Individual and Group Studies

6193 Individual Studies G 1-4

Supervised and individually designed studies for pre-qualifier graduate students in economics or graduate students in non-economics graduate programs. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 893. Repeatable to a maximum of 20 cr hrs or 5 completions. This course is graded S/U. Letter Grade option available only with approval of economics director of graduate studies.

7193 Individual Studies G 1-4

Supervised and individually designed readings in economics for postqualifier students in economics or graduate students in noneconomic graduate programs. Prereq: Open to students who completed the first-year graduate PhD core course curriculum and with permission of instructor. Not open to students with credit for 893. Repeatable to a maximum of 2 cr hrs or 5 completions. This course is graded S/U. Letter Grade option available only with approval of economics director of graduate studies.

8193 Individual Studies G 1-4

Supervised and individually specialized studies for PhD students who have finished regular course work in their economics PhD program. Letter grade option available only with approval of economics director of graduate studies. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Repeatable to a maximum of 44 cr hrs. This course is graded S/U.

8194 Group Studies G 1-4

Advanced new course material in economics offered to complement existing PhD courses. Prereq: Grad standing in Econ or related field, and permission of instructor and Grad studies director for Econ. Not open to students with credit for 894. Repeatable to a maximum of 44 cr hrs or 11 completions.

8999 Dissertation Research G 1-3

Dissertation research in economics. Prereq: Doctoral candidate in Economics. Repeatable to a maximum of 60 cr hrs or 20 completions. This course is graded S/U.

Graduate Minor Core

6711 Survey of Microeconomics G 4

Methodology and scope of the neo-classical microeconomics paradigm; topics include the theory of competitive firms and consumers, general equilibrium, Pareto optimum, welfare theorems, non-competitive markets, uncertainty and asymmetric information. Prereq: 4001.01 or 501A, or equiv, and permission of economics director of graduate studies. Not open to students with credit for 8711 (804), 8712 (805), 704, or 705.

6721 Survey of Macroeconomics G 4

Survey of macroeconomics fluctuations, business cycles and economic growth, including Keynesian, monetarist and real business cycle models; topics also include money and banking, unemployment, inflation and endogenous economic growth. Prereq: 4002.01 (502) or equiv with permission of instructor and economics director of graduate studies. Not open to students with credit for 8721 (806), or 8722 (807) or 706, or 707.

6731 Survey of Econometric Methods I G 3

Survey of fundamental methods and applications of econometrics with an emphasis on linear regression and its applications to a range of economic topics taken from various microeconomic fields. Prereq: Stat 2450 (245), and Math 2168.02, or 571, or equiv with permission of instructor and economics director of grad studies. Not open to students with credit for 8731 (740), or 8732 (741), or 8733 (742), or 702.

6732 Survey of Econometric Methods II G 3

Survey of econometric methods in time series and panel data with an emphasis on empirical examples in micro and macro economics; topics include GMM, time series models, VAR, cointegration, fixed and random effects and duration models. Prereq: 6731 (702), or equiv with permission of instructor and economics director of grad studies. Not open to students with credit for 8731 (740), or 8732 (741), or 8733 (742), or 703.

Summary Table of Semester Course Descriptions

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Home / PhD Program / Program Overview / PhD Curriculum

PhD Curriculum

In the first year students take core curriculum in Microeconomic Theory, Econometrics, and Macroeconomic Theory. Additionally, students take an course in mathematical economics and a course on introductory research methods.

During the second year and third year students complete their coursework in specialized fields and begin the transition to independent researcher. The courses and workshops often lead to collaborations between students and faculty. In the third year, students participate in the 3rd Year Paper Conference.

Beyond the third year, students work towards the completion of their dissertation. Most students complete the program in five years.

1st Year Course Sequence

There are nine core courses (27 semester hours) in the doctoral curriculum; two each in micro and macro theory, three in econometric methods, one in mathematical economics, and a research methods course.

Fall Second Year

Core examinations.

Following completion of the first two core courses in microeconomics and macroeconomics, students are expected to demonstrate their competence by passing doctoral core examinations. These exams are offered in May, with an opportunity to retake the exam in August. See the Guide to Graduate Studies in Economics for details.

Fields of Specialization

The Department regularly offers many fields of specialization. These include: Applied Econometrics, Experimental and Behavioral Economics, Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics, Industrial Organization, Labor Economics, Law and Economics, Population Economics, Public Economics, and Urban Economics. Other fields may be offered if sufficient interest exists. Students must select at least two fields of specialization. One of the field areas, but not both, may be drawn from outside the Department, subject to the prior approval of the Graduate Committee and the host department.

Elective Courses

A Ph.D. student must complete at least 54 semester hours of graduate-level coursework. The ten courses in the core account for 27 hours, while field courses generally account for another 12. The remaining hours are elective. To apply to the 54 hours, an elective course must be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies in advance. No more than six hours of Directed Individual Study (DIS) or Graduate tutorial course work may count toward the 54 hour requirement.

Supervised research and teaching (ECO 5914 and 5940) do not contribute to the required 54 semester hours. Likewise, dissertation credits (ECO 6980) and preliminary preparation hours (ECO 6960) do not count toward satisfying this requirement. However, graduate hours earned at FSU or elsewhere leading to the Master’s degree in economics and/or accepted graduate-level transfer credits may be applied to the 54-hour course work minimum for the Ph.D., with prior approval of the Director of Graduate Studies.

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Ph.D Economics Syllabus and Subjects

The PhD in Economics syllabus offers both theoretical and practical knowledge through its core courses and electives. PhD in Economics course syllabus covers topics such as macroeconomics, international trade, international finance, corporate finance, development and growth theory, economic issues and policy, consumer demand theory, theory of production and cost, problems in data collection, and financial derivatives.

Semester Wise PhD Economics Syllabus

PhD programs in Economics last from three to five years. The PhD in Economics syllabus is divided into six to ten semesters with an annual exam. Students studying PhD Economics will also learn the methods and techniques commonly used in economic consultancies.

Students can earn PhD degrees in Economics that meet both their professional and academic needs. Research in Economics is emphasized in the PhD curriculum. Students can download the PhD Economics syllabus PDF online for free. The following is the PhD Economics semester-wise syllabus: 

PhD Economics Course Subjects 

The curriculum is semester-based to help students become familiar with PhD Economics and build their knowledge. A lab session along with classroom lectures will help students gain experience in advanced options. Electives and academic core subjects are more diverse in the three to five-year program. The following are the PhD in Economics subject list: 

• Advanced Economic Theory
• International Trade and Finance
• Economics of Planning
• Public Finance
• Economics of Energy
• Macro-Economic Consequences of Financial Imperfections
• Economics of the Computer and Information Science
• Governance and the Political Economy of Development

PhD Economics Course Structure 

PhD programs in Economics take between three to five years to complete. For a PhD in Economics, the curriculum is divided into six to ten semesters, and the exam is given annually. There are several electives and core courses offered in the PhD program in Economics.

A PhD in Economics will prepare students for greater responsibility in their careers. By the end of the semester, students are required to complete a research project in order to gain theoretical and practical skills. In general, we have the following structure: 

• VI to X Semesters
• Core Subjects
• Elective Subjects
• Practical Workshops
• Research Project/Thesis Submission

PhD Economics Teaching Methodology and Techniques 

A PhD program in Economics integrates new technologies into the curriculum. Skills for the workplace can be developed through teaching methodologies. Emerging technologies can be used as alternatives to traditional classroom instruction. In general, the following methods are used in teaching: 

• Traditional Classroom Method
• Class Projects
• Problem Solving Method
• Inquiry Method
• Demonstration Method
• Role Play Method

PhD Economics Projects 

Students pursuing a PhD in Economics have the chance to network with economics consultancies, gaining valuable experience. By the end of the semester, students are required to complete a research project in order to gain practical and theoretical skills. The following are some of the most popular PhD in Economics projects: 

• Problems of Leadership and Collective Action.
• In the Making of Economic Decisions, Morality and Social Norms Play a Critical Role.
• Branches of Global Banks, Financial Stability, and Macroprudential Policy.
• Computers Vs Humans - Delegation Preferences.

PhD Economics Course Reference Books 

Free PDF versions of the reference books are available in PDF format online for download. Depending on the edition, students in a PhD Economics program may have different coursebooks. After thorough research, reference books are an excellent investment. For students planning on pursuing a PhD course in Economics, the following books would be helpful: 

Get Free Scholarship worth 25000 INR

PhD in Economics

Program Overview

The PhD program in Economics provides in-depth, rigorous training in the theory and application of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics. Entering students aim for research and teaching careers in academia or research-oriented positions in government, consulting, or private industry. Faculty members work closely with PhD students, generating a collaborative, stimulating intellectual environment.

Graduate Coordinator

• Associate Professor , John Munro Godfrey, Sr. Department of Economics

Preferred Deadline: January 15

The basic coursework is usually completed in the first two years. During the first year, students take core courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, and research methods. The second year is devoted to field courses, and students begin to develop their own research ideas through this coursework. Students’ independent research begins in the summer after the second year when they begin working on their “second-year” paper, which is typically the first step in building a dissertation. After the second year, students also have the opportunity to teach their own class, building additional core knowledge and developing important classroom skills.

Beyond the second year, students are strongly encouraged to attend our weekly seminar series and participate in brown bag lunch and reading groups. There is ample opportunity to present ongoing research both to obtain critical feedback and develop important presentation skills.

Students are required to complete three fields of specialization, one of which must be econometrics. The department offers fields in advanced macroeconomics, industrial organization, health economics, and labor economics. Please visit our faculty directory for additional insight into the research focus within our department.

Program Structure

To earn a PhD a student must:

• Complete a minimum of 54 semester hours of course work, including required courses in micro and macroeconomic theory, econometrics and research skills.
• Pass two out of three written comprehensive (core) exams in microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, and econometrics in their first summer (at the end of their first year).
• Complete three fields of specialization, including one in econometrics.
• Complete a second-year paper assignment.
• Complete a Thesis Committee Form, which is typically done by the fall of your third year and must be done before your oral examination.
• Complete a Final Program of Study Form. This is typically done by the fall of your third year and must be done before your oral examination.
• Pass the Oral Examination by the end of your third year. Once you pass your oral examination and complete the Admission to Candidacy Form you will be formally admitted into candidacy.
• Present your research in the department’s seminar series.
• Write and defend an acceptable dissertation.

Course Work

Students enrolled in the PhD program in Economics are required to complete a set of core and selected field courses of specialization. The core curriculum consists of courses in mathematical economics ( ECON 8000 ), microeconomic theory ( ECON 8010 and 8020 ), macroeconomic theory ( ECON 8040 and 8050 ), statistical methods ( ECON 8070 ) and introductory econometrics ( ECON 8080 ).

In addition, to satisfy the university’s research skills requirement, students must attend the workshops and seminars sponsored by the department ( ECON 8980 ), and successfully complete Research Methods in Economics ( ECON 8090 ). The research methods course requires students to write a research paper to be presented in the department’s summer workshop series.

Students are required to complete three fields of specialization, one of which must be econometrics. To earn credit for this sequence you must take at least two of three advanced econometrics courses ( ECON 8110 , 8120 , and 8130 ). At least one of the two elective fields must be from courses offered by the John Munro Godfrey, Sr. Department of Economics. Besides econometrics, the department offers fields in advanced macroeconomics, industrial organization, health economics, and labor economics. With permission of the department’s graduate coordinator, students can satisfy one of the elective fields through course work in a related department, such as finance. A field is completed after passing two courses in an area of specialization with a minimum average grade of 3.0.

Written Preliminary Examinations

At the end of the first year, students are expected to have completed the Micro Theory ( ECON 8010 and ECON 8020 ) and Macro Theory ( ECON 8040 and ECON 8050 ) sequences and to take the Micro Theory and Macro Theory core exams. These theory core exams are given in June after the first year. Students who do not pass may retake the exam(s) later in the summer. Students must pass both exams during the summer after their first year in the program to maintain satisfactory academic progress towards their degrees.

Research Focus

An intensive introduction to the process of doing economic research typically begins in the fall of students’ second year when they take the Research Methods Course. The class is designed to help students transition from coursework to research and ultimately to writing their dissertation. The course is designed take students through the process of identifying, developing, and answering a research question. The tools students learned in their first year and are learning in their second are applied to this process under the close supervision of the course instructor.

Students’ development towards becoming independent researchers continues with the second year paper. By the summer after their second year of coursework, students form a second year paper committee and propose a topic for their second year paper. Over the next six months, students work under the supervision of this committee to craft a completed economic research paper. By January of their third year, successful students will have completed a paper having the potential for publication in a scholarly journal.

Progress towards becoming an independent researcher culminates in a student’s dissertation. Students establish a thesis committee during their third year. The completed dissertation must demonstrate original research, independent thinking, scholarly ability and technical mastery. Its conclusions must be logical, its literary form acceptable and its contribution to knowledge should merit publication. Students should establish a thesis committee by the spring of their third year.

Typical Course Sequence

• ECON 8010 Microeconomic Theory I
• ECON 8040 Macroeconomic Theory I
• ECON 8070 Statistics for Econometrics
• ECON 8000 Mathematics for Economists*
• ECON 8020 Microeconomic Theory II
• ECON 8050 Macroeconomic Theory II
• ECON 8080 Introduction to Econometrics
• ECON 8980 Seminar
• Microeconomics Theory Preliminary Exam
• Macroeconomic Theory Preliminary Exam
• Microeconomics Theory Preliminary Exam Retakes
• Macroeconomic Theory Preliminary Exam Retakes
• ECON 8090 Research Methods
• ECON 8110 / 8120 / 8130 Econometrics
• Part one of two field sequences (two courses each) from among the following areas: Health Economics, Industrial Organization, Labor Economics, Macroeconomics.
• GRSC 7770 Graduate Teaching Seminar
• Part two of two field sequences (two courses each) from among the following areas: Health Economics, Industrial Organization, Labor Economics, Macroeconomics.
• Present in Summer Workshop Series
• ECON 8980 Economics Seminar
• ECON 9000 Doctoral Research

Economics PhDs have placed at various prestigious academic institutions.

Placements include tenure-track positions at:

• Baylor University
• Miami (OH) University
• Cleveland State University
• St. Joseph’s University

Post-doctoral positions include:

• Columbia University
• Duke University
• University of North Carolina

Our students have also placed at prominent positions in government and industry, such as:

• the US Food and Drug Administration
• the US Treasury
• The Analysis Group
• PriceWaterhouseCoopers

Admissions and Financial Aid

Individuals holding a four-year baccalaureate degree in any discipline from an accredited institution with a GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale are eligible to apply. Applicants are required to have college credit in differential calculus. Because of the necessary rigor of the curriculum, we also strongly recommend taking courses in integral and multivariable calculus and linear algebra prior to applying.

The General Test of the GRE is required for admission into the program. The GMAT will not be accepted as a substitute for the GRE. All international applicants whose native language is not English and who wish to be considered for financial aid must submit a TOEFL iBT score along with their application, irrespective of their graduating institution. There are no waivers for the TOEFL requirement.

All applicants to the PhD program are automatically considered for financial assistance. The Terry College of Business offers a variety of teaching and research assistantships, scholarships and fellowships. Qualified incoming graduate students are typically offered 9-month (academic-year) teaching or research assistantships from the college, as recommended by the department. The department provides these assistantships to continuing PhD students for five years of study. All assistantships carry a tuition waiver and a stipend.

Application Process

The application process is spelled out in detail on the Terry College’s application process and materials page . All application forms and instructions for completing them are available there. Send the completed application directly to the PhD/MA Program Admission Office of the Terry College:

PhD/MA Admissions Office Terry College of Business University of Georgia Amos Hall 620 S. Lumpkin Street Athens, GA 30602

To ensure that your application receives full consideration for funding, apply no later than  January 15.  Please note that the application must be complete, with all components of the application received by the Graduate School by the deadline. Department and Terry College financial-aid decisions are typically made in late February or early March. The UGA Graduate School only accepts electronic letters of recommendation, which can be submitted through its homepage.

PhD students are admitted for the fall semester only; there are no spring or summer admissions. In addition, the department does not transfer degree credit from other graduate programs. Students already holding a Masters degree from another program are usually asked to take all core and field courses in residence at Terry. Under certain circumstances, the mathematics and statistics preparatory classes may be waived on a case-by-case basis.

Please see the Bursars’s Office for information about tuition and fees.

• Financial Aid

All applicants to the PhD program are automatically considered for financial assistance. The Terry College of Business offers a variety of teaching and research assistantships, scholarships and fellowships. Qualified incoming graduate students are typically offered 9-month (academic-year) teaching or research assistantships from the college, as recommended by the department. The department provides these assistantships to continuing PhD students for four years of study. The total value of these awards is approximately $18,000, depending on the applicant’s qualifications and work assignment. All assistantships carry a tuition waiver. Teaching and research assistants are expected to devote 16 hours per week toward their assistantship duties, which are determined by the faculty member or members to whom the student is assigned.

Departments and Program Offices

• PhD Program Office
• John Munro Godfrey, Sr. Department of Economics

UGA Resources

• Graduate School

Additional Information

• Current PhDs
• Faculty Research

PhD Courses

Grs ec701 microeconomic theory.

Prereq: GRS EC705 and consent of instructor. Primarily for PhD students. Neo-classical general equilibrium theory. Topics covered include consumption, production, existence of competitive equilibrium, fundamental welfare theorems, externalities, and uncertainty.

GRS EC702 Macroeconomic Theory

Prereq: GRS EC701 and consent of instructor. Primarily for PhD students. Basic Keynesian model: consumption, investment, and money demand functions. Extension to the open economy. Determinants of money supply. Effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy. Inflation and income policy. Elementary growth models.

GRS EC703 Advanced Microeconomic Theory I

Prereq: 701, 705 or equivalent. Walrasian equilibrium: existence, uniqueness and core equivalence. Uncertainty: Arrow Debreu contingent commodities, Radner equilibrium, incomplete markets. Economics of information: rational expectations, adverse selection, signaling and screening. The principal-agent problem.

GRS EC704 Advanced Macroeconomic Theory

Prereq: GRS EC702 and consent of instructor. Primarily for PhD students. Consumption theory and evidence, investment theory and evidence, monetary theory, microfoundations of macrosystems, theory of rational expectations, models of fiscal and monetary macroeconomic policy, and employment theory and policy.

GRS EC705 Introduction to Mathematical Economics

Prereq: consent of instructor. Linear algebra, differential calculus of functions of several variables, elementary real analysis, constrained maximization, and dynamics.

GRS EC707 Advanced Statistics for Economists

Prereq: GRS EC705 or consent of instructor. Application of statistical tools, covering properties of estimators, covariance matrix and correlation, analysis of variance, hypothesis testing, likelihood functions, and likelihood ratio tests. Intended as preparation for GRS EC708.

GRS EC708 Advanced Econometrics I

Prereq: GRS EC705 and EC707. Basic course of econometric theory for MAPE/PhD students. Covers the theory and applications of the LS and ML estimators of the linear single equations models. OLS, GLS, and Gauss-Markov theorem, autocorrelation, heteroscedesticity, nonlinear estimators, distributed lags, errors in variables, instrumental variable estimators, choice models. Introduction to simultaneous equation models.

GRS EC709 Advanced Econometrics II

Prereq: GRS EC708 or consent of instructor. Advanced course for second-year PhD students who have a solid knowledge of basic econometric methods. Covers estimation and simulation of simultaneous equation models and some selected topics in multivariate analysis.

GRS EC711 Advanced Topics in Econometrics

Prereq: GRS EC709 and consent of instructor. Discusses, in abstract fashion, approaches to estimation and inference that are most often used in econometrics, including maximum likelihood and method of moments; recent developments in econometrics that allow one to overcome some of the shortcomings in using the standard approaches to estimation. Main emphasis on cross-sectional applications with some mention of time series applications and further discussions of specification analysis and testing.

GRS EC712 Time Series Econometrics

Prereq: GRS EC708 or consent of instructor. The course first presents the standard theory of stationary stochastic processes: models, estimation in the time and frequency domain, spectral analysis, asymptotic distribution, Kalman filter; VAR models. The second part deals with nonstationary processes (i.e., unit roots) and discusses such topics as functional central limit theorem, asymptotic results with unit roots, tests for unit roots, estimation and tests in cointegrated systems, models with structural changes.

GRS EC716 Game Theory

Prereq: GRS EC705 or a course in real analysis. Introduction to noncooperative and cooperative games with applications in the social sciences.

GRS EC717 Advanced Topics in Microeconomic Theory I

Prereq: consent of instructor. Topics in advanced microeconomic theory to be selected by course instructors. Critical analysis of key papers in the literature.

GRS EC718 Advanced Topics in Microeconomic Theory II

Prereq: GRS EC703 or consent of instructor. Topics in advanced microeconomic theory to be selected by course instructors. Critical analysis of key papers in the literature.

GRS EC721 Topics in Development Economics

Prereq: GRS EC701, EC702, EC703 and EC704 or consent of instructor. Examines the economic development of nations from the perspectives of their relationship with the global economy, to identify issues that are central to economic development in the world economy, and to provide analytical methods for analyzing these issues and formulating policy. Evidence on these issues from Africa, Asia, and Latin America are examined. Some topics to be covered: the role of international trade in economic growth; trade between developed and developing countries; public and private foreign capital; research and development and technology transfer; exchange rate regimes and capital flight.

GRS EC722 Topics in Economic Development II

Prereq: 701, 703, 708 or equivalents. This course covers a range of topics on failures of markets and governance in developing countries. Recent research papers including both theoretical and empirical analysis are discussed, including class presentations by students. Topics include credit and insurance market imperfections; implications for investment, inequality and growth; social networks and social learning. Models of political economy and government accountability, with applications to land reform, decentralization, education, tax policy, and role of the media.

GRS EC731 Market Organization and Public Policy

Prereq: GRS EC701 or EC703. Analytical foundations of public policy toward market organization. Theoretical emphasis on imperfect competition, theory of the firm, and markets with incomplete information. Implications for policy in developed and less-developed countries.

GRS EC732 Topics in Industrial Organization

Prereq: consent of instructor. Topics vary from year to year and may include the economics of contracting and the firm, the economics of regulation, and dynamic models of oligopoly.

GRS EC741 Topics in Macroeconomics and Monetary Theory

Prereq: GRS EC701, EC702, or consent of instructor. Alternative views of demand and supply of money and financial assets. Analytical theories of monetary policy. Problems in the exercise of monetary policy.

GRS EC742 Applied Macroeconomics

Prereq: GRS EC704, EC708, and consent of instructor. Empirical specification of macroeconomic functions including measuring variables, lag structures, and functional forms; estimation and simulation of multiple equation macro models; and use of models for optimal policy design and positive policy prognosis.

GRS EC744 Economic Dynamics

Prereq: consent of instructor. Introduces the theory and application of dynamic optimization and equillibrium analysis, with emphasis on computational methods and techniques. Covers discrete and continuous time models in both deterministic and stochastic environments.

GRS EC745 Macroeconomics and Financial Markets

Prereq: consent of instructor. The course covers recent developments in utility-based asset pricing theory with applications to stocks, bonds and currencies. It integrates macroeconomic and financial theories and their empirical evaluations, focusing on tests and consequences of asset returns’ predictability.

GRS EC751 Topics in Labor Economics I

Prereq: consent of instructor. A survey course which combines an examination of all the major fields in labor market analysis with a comprehensive treatment of methodological topics. Designed to provide the tools necessary to begin a thesis in the field. Topics covered in depth include unemployment, wage setting models, human capital models, and labor motility.

GRS EC752 Topics in Labor Economics II

Prereq: GRS EC701 and consent of instructor. Considers models which explain the origins and persistence of differences in incomes between individuals, groups, and regions. Draws on literatures in applied microeconomic theory, labor economics, development economics, public finance, and social choice theory. Discusses topics at the juncture of economics and sociology which bear on the theme of inequality.

GRS EC761 Public Finance

Prereq: GRS EC701 or consent of instructor. The theory of excess burden; optimal taxation; static, dynamic, and interregional tax incidence; public goods; externalities; corporate taxation; dynamic fiscal policy; and cost-benefit analysis. Extensive use of calculus.

GRS EC762 Topics in Applied Public Finance

Prereq: GRS EC701 and EC702, or consent of instructor. Theory and practice of benefit-cost analysis and other similar techniques for evaluating investment projects. Emphasis on sources of divergence between public and private investment decisions through the estimation of shadow prices in a context of market distortions and disequilibrium. Case studies applying theoretical approach.

GRS EC764 Topics in Economic History

Grs ec781 health economics i.

Prereq: GRS EC701 or consent of instructors. Advanced concepts of health economics, covering classic problems of uncertainty, moral hazard, adverse selection, and agency problems. US and foreign settings considered The primary focus is on understanding the implications of incentives on individual agents without worrying about market interactions.

GRS EC782 Health Economics II

Prereq: GRS EC701 and EC708 or consent of instructor. Advanced concepts of health economics, emphasizing the market interactions and diverse institutions. Developed and developing country experience is examined. Households, individuals, providers and insurers are all considered from both theoretical and empirical perspective.

GRS EC791 International Trade

Prereq: GRS EC701 and consent of instructor. Pure theory of international trade. Analysis of various models that determine comparative advantage. Welfare effects of trade. Emphasis is placed on the use of formal models to analyze tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. Analysis of trade under various competitive frameworks.

GRS EC792 International Finance

Prereq: GRS EC791 or consent of instructor. Extension of important topics introduced in GRS EC791; gains from trade and balance-of-payment adjustment under various conditions of market imperfection; effective production analysis; monetary approach to the balance-of-payment; theorems in the pure theory of trade.

GRS EC794 Financial Econometrics

Prereq: doctoral standing. For PhD students working in the area of econometrics, finance, and applied macroeconomics. Topics include prediction of asset returns, financial volatility, asset allocation, value at risk, and high frequency data analysis.

Graduate Workshops for MAPE/PhD Candidates

Grs ec901-902 dissertation workshop in macro and monetary economics.

Prereq: completion of PhD qualifying examinations. Presentation and discussion of dissertation topics and work in progress.

GRS EC903-904 Dissertation Workshop in Applied Microeconomics

Grs ec905-906 dissertation workshop in economic theory.

Directed study courses are to be arranged with individual faculty members at the time of registration. The Graduate Academic Administrator should be notified of such arrangements, including the course credit agreement, which varies.

Odd-numbered courses are offered in the fall and the first summer session. Even-numbered courses are offered in the spring and the second summer session.

GRS EC905/906 Directed Study in Economic Theory GRS EC911/912 Directed Study in Statistics and Econometrics GRS EC915/916 Directed Study in Economic Planning GRS EC921/922 Directed Study in Economic Development GRS EC931/932 Directed Study in Rural and Agricultural Development GRS EC935/936 Directed Study in the Economics of Public Enterprise GRS EC941/942 Directed Study in Money and Finance GRS EC943/944 Directed Study in Macro/Money GRS EC951/952 Directed Study in International Economics GRS EC961/962 Directed Study in Economic History GRS EC963/964 Directed Study in History of Economic Thought GRS EC965/966 Directed Study in Public Finance GRS EC971/972 Directed Study in Labor and Manpower Economics GRS EC979/980 Directed Study in Urban and Regional Economics GRS EC989/990 Directed Study in Health Economics GRS EC991/992 Directed Study in Comparative Economic Systems GRS EC995/996 Directed Study in Industrial Organization

Course Preparation for Required Examinations

The following courses are recommended as preparation for the PhD qualifying exams:  EC701, EC702, EC703, and EC704.

Course Contents or Course Outlines